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This unbroken business relationship was established from a handshake almost four decades ago
. Both Burson Auto Parts and Dayco Australia have enjoyed outstanding growth since their association began in the early 1980s. Back then, Burson Auto Parts, the company that would become Australia's preferred supplier of automotive parts, accessories, tools and equipment, had just 11 stores located in Victoria. Almost four decades later, Burson Auto Parts has become one of Dayco's top 10 global aftermarket customers, with more than 195 stores strategically located across Australia and branching out internationally with its first stores in Thailand. During this timeframe, Dayco has continued to expand its vast aftermarket product range to meet the demands of local automotive repairers and the unique diversity of the Australian car parc. Thousands of new Dayco SKUs have been added in the areas of drive belts, engine thermal management components, molded hoses and performance components during this relationship. According to Dayco Vice President Aftermarket – Asia Pacific, Arnold Mouw, this outstanding relationship with Burson Auto Parts was formed with a handshake 38 years ago and continues to this day. "The Dayco team delovi online really enjoys working with the many Burson Auto Parts stores across delovi online the country and we look forward to continuing this almost four-decade strong relationship. We are delighted to continue to play a part in Burson Auto Parts' Australian and international success story and congratulate the company on its Golden Anniversary in 2021. We look forward to celebrating many more Burson Auto Parts and Bapcor Limited milestone business anniversaries together in the future," Mouw stated. Bapcor Limited CEO and Managing Director Darryl Abotomey highlights the two companies' commitment to ensuring the broadest aftermarket application coverage as being integral to their long-term mutual success. "Dayco has always understood the importance of supplying the broadest possible range of applications for each of its engine products to suit the delovi online Australian car parc. Being able to say "yes" to a customer and to be able to fill that order quickly is of prime importance to us, while also ensuring that we are supplying high quality automotive products. These are the key factors behind our highly successful 38-year association," Abotomey stated. MaXpeedingRods, a leading manufacturer and supplier for high-performance automotive parts, recently announced that it will be entering racing event fields as the primary sponsor of top-drivers worldwide. Established in 2006, MaXpeedingRods has been providing performance parts and aftermarket replacements worldwide. The company initially plans to invest $2,500,000 into the Racer Sponsorship Program. While providing high-performance track-version products for racers, MaXpeedingRods also will be providing racers with funding for car repairs to ensure that they can participate and race in their best condition. Commenting on his appointment, Essa Al-Saleh, said; "I'm very happy to be appointed as CEO of Volta Trucks, having been its chairman of the board since September. We are at a pivotal moment of a major transformation in the automotive industry. Volta Trucks is at the heart of this transformation, building the first full-electric large commercial vehicles to support the decarbonization of logistics, improving city centre environments for all. At Agility Logistics, I had what I thought was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to scale a company into a truly global organization. To be able to do it a second time is an exciting privilege, and I look forward to leading the company's Management Team as we embark on the next stage of the company's development and growth. I'd like to thank Rob for his pivotal efforts in leading the company over the past 14 months, and launching the Volta Zero, which has positioned Volta Trucks well for the next critical phase."
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Jamee K. Moudud
Email Jamee
Undergraduate Discipline
Health Advocacy Program - Graduate
BS, MEng, Cornell University. MA, PhD (Honors), The New School for Social Research. Current interests include the study of industrial competition, the political economy of the developmental welfare state, the determinants of business taxes, and the study of Schumpeter's analysis of the tax state. SLC, 2000–
Research and Interests
Over the past few years few years I have developed two new passions in my life, one of which is to study legal theory and legal history and their links to political economy, and the other is the electric guitar. On the law/political economy nexus, my focus is the study of the legal foundations of markets and of money and to understand how conflicts over property and contracts are at the heart of our economic system. This has led me in an intellectual direction that rejects the public/private divide, at the heart of much thinking in economics, and provides the basis for a new way of conceptualizing policy which is quite distinct from both the neoclassical and much of the alternative traditions in economics. In this endeavor I have been heavily influenced by Karl Polanyi, the Legal Realists (especially Robert Lee Hale, Wesley R. Hohfeld, and Morris N. Cohen), and the broad Critical Legal Studies tradition. I am involved with two exciting new scholarly groups, the Association for the Promotion of Political Economy and the Law (APPEAL) and ClassCrits. I am also collaborating with colleagues in these two groups to launch the Journal of Law and Political Economy. Finally, I am an Associate Editor with another journal, the Review of Keynesian Economics.
As for my electric guitar, I have found that in playing blues and classic rock the complexity of piecing together the notes to create a song oddly enough parallels the ways in which societies are constructed at a foundational level. Who would have thought that Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane or Deep Purple could be so profound!
Undergraduate Courses 2018-2019
Econometric Analysis: Structural Explorations in the Social Sciences
Open , Lecture—Year
This lecture requires some basic knowledge (high-school level) of mathematics and statistics. A review of core concepts in these subjects will be carried out at the beginning of the fall semester.
The course is designed for all students interested in the social sciences who wish to understand the methodology and techniques involved in the estimation of structural relationships between variables. The course is intended for students who wish to be able to carry out empirical work in their particular field, both at Sarah Lawrence College and beyond, and critically engage empirical work done by academic or professional social scientists. The practical hands-on approach taken in this course will be useful to those students who wish to do future conference projects in the social (or natural) sciences with significant empirical content. It will also be invaluable for students who are seeking internships, planning to enter the job market, or desiring to pursue graduate education in the social sciences and public policy. After taking this course, students will be able to analyze questions such as the following: What is the relationship between slavery and the development of capitalist industrialization in the United States? What effects do race, gender, and educational attainment have in the determination of wages? How does the female literacy rate affect the child mortality rate? How can one model the effect of economic growth on carbon-dioxide emissions? What is the relationship among sociopolitical instability, inequality, and economic growth? How do geographic location and state spending affect average public-school teacher salaries? How do socioeconomic factors determine the crime rate in the United States? During the course of the year, we will study all of these questions. In the first semester, we will cover the theoretical and applied statistical principles that underlie Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques. We will begin with the assumptions needed to obtain the Best Linear Unbiased Estimates of a regression equation, also known as the "BLUE" conditions. Particular emphasis will be placed on the assumptions regarding the distribution of a model's error term and other BLUE conditions. We will also cover hypothesis testing, sample selection, and the critical role of the t- and F-statistic in determining the statistical significance of a social metric model and its associated slope or "β" parameters. Further, we will address the three main problems associated with the violation of a particular BLUE assumption: multicollinearity, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity. We will learn how to identify, address, and remedy each of those problems. In addition, we will take a similar approach to understanding and correcting model specification errors. Finally, we will focus on the analysis of historical time-series models and the study of long-run trend relationships between variables. At the end of the fall semester, students will have to carry out an econometric analysis of a World Bank study on labor markets. The spring semester class will build on the fall class by introducing students to advanced topics in econometrics. We will study autoregressive dependent lag (ARDL) models, co-integration, and error correction models involving nonstationary time series. We will investigate simultaneous equations systems, vector error correction (VEC), and vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The final part of the seminar will involve the study of panel data, as well as logit/probit models. As with the fall class, the spring class will also be very "hands-on," in that students will get ample exposure to concrete issues while also being encouraged to consider basic methodological questions (e.g., the debates between John Maynard Keynes and Jan Tinbergen) regarding the power and limitations of econometric analysis. At the end of the spring semester, students will have to do in-class presentations of self-designed econometric projects (either singly or in groups) on topics of their choice. The spring semester is particularly relevant to students who wish to pursue graduate studies in a social-science discipline, although it will be equally relevant for those seeking other types of graduate degrees that involve knowledge of intermediate-level quantitative analysis.
Health, Science, and Society
Microeconomic Theory and Policy: Advanced Topics
Intermediate , Seminar—Fall
Some prior background in economics is required.
What assumptions, methodologies, values, vision, and theoretical foundations do microeconomists incorporate and rely upon for analyzing economic behavior at the individual level? What insights, knowledge, inferences, and/or conclusions can be gleaned through examining characteristics of individual firms, agents, households, and markets in order to understand capitalist society? How do our theories of individual and business behavior inform our interpretation of distributional outcomes? Among other topics, this semester-long seminar in intermediate microeconomics will offer an inquiry into economic decision-making vis-à-vis: theories of demand and supply, the individual (agents), households, consumption (consumer choice); theories of production and costs; theories of the firm (business enterprise, corporations); theories of markets and competition; prices and pricing theory; public policy and legal foundations; and theories of value and income distribution. Critical analysis, reflection, and insight into these and other topics will be supported and strengthened by appealing to a broad range of traditions in economics, including neoclassical (orthodox, mainstream, marginalist) and post-Keynesian, feminist, Marxian, law and political economy, and institutionalist (heterodox schools of thought). Insights from legal analyses on microeconomic topics (such as cost-benefit analysis, the Coase theorem, and Pareto optimality) will also be discussed.
Latin American and Latino/a Studies
Legal Analysis of Business History: Corporate Governance, Democracy, and Economic Transformation
Intermediate , Seminar—Spring
This is an intermediate-level course designed for students with an interest in a historically-informed analysis of political economy and the law. Some background in economics and/or a relevant social-science discipline is recommended, although the instructor is willing to be flexible.
Rival ideas about property rights and liberty are at the heart of the ways in which market economies are legally structured. However, as Abraham Lincoln said: "We all declare for liberty; but in using the same word we do not all mean the same thing...The shepherd drives the wolf from the sheep's throat, for which the sheep thanks the shepherd as a liberator, while the wolf denounces him for the same act as the destroyer of liberty...Plainly the sheep and the wolf are not agreed upon a definition of the word liberty." (Address at the Sanitary Fair, Baltimore, Maryland, April 18, 1864) This ambiguity, which speaks to a central controversy in capitalism in regards to the nature and distribution of property relations, is illustrated in this course via the study of the legal foundations of corporations. From the Cambridge Analytica and Facebook scandal regarding the harvesting of private information for commercial and political purposes to the controversies about gun control, the political activism of the National Rifle Association, and the significance of Citizens United, we are continuously confronted by the centrality of corporate governance in the society. And, of course, broader questions regarding the economic regulation of corporations (e.g., with respect to environmental, taxation, or labor laws) have been central to political debates since colonial times. This course on law and political economy will explore corporate governance through the lens of legal and business history. A central theoretical argument of the course is that politics and the economy are deeply interwoven, and law is the mediating institution that structures the economy. Conflict and power struggles mold, alter, and occasionally disrupt the law/economy/politics nexus. This theoretical insight will be used to analyze the dynamics of corporate governance and economic regulation in both the United States and other contexts. One of the central questions that we will discuss is the "regulation" versus "deregulation" dichotomy that is so central to popular discourse and economic debates. Quite simply: Can we really conceptualize corporations (and the economy) outside their legal and political context? We will explore certain core ideas in neoclassical economics through the insights of law and political economy so as to engage the conventional law and economics tradition. We will, at every step, compare theoretical arguments from different theoretical schools in economics and weave into the analysis insights from constitutional law and corporate law.
Health Advocacy 2018-2019
This course will examine many of the major issues facing the American health care system from a variety of economic perspectives. A wide range of topics will be covered, from the racial and economic disparities in health outcomes to the Patient Protection Act and alternative modes of financing the medical care delivery system. Students will learn how the tools and analytic approaches used by economists can enhance the understanding of major public-health issues such as AIDS, reproductive care, and mental health, as well as key health care financing issues such as the rising cost of health care and our fragmented insurance system.
Global Inequalities and Financial Crises: Legal Approaches to the International Economic System
The study of law is integral to the study of the political economy. This fundamental premise is the point of departure for this course. While their politics were radically different, the British political economist Jeremy Bentham and historian E.P. Thompson both emphasized the centrality of law in society. Bentham stated, "Property and law are born together and die together. Before laws were made, there was no property; take away laws, and property ceases." (Bentham 1840, p. 139; cited from Singer 2015, p. 15) While, on the basis of his historical work, Thompson concluded: "For I found that law did not keep politely to a 'level' but was at every bloody level; it was imbricated within the mode of production and productive relations themselves (as property-rights, definitions of agrarian practice)...." (Thompson 1978, p. 96) Using the study of the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 as its point of departure, this course will discuss the relationship between law and money (which is, after all, a form of property), along with the nature and legal underpinnings of finance and financial crises. As a course in the subdiscipline of law and economics, this class will introduce students to mainstream and critical approaches to both law and economics in regard to money, finance, markets, and governance. It will be demonstrated throughout this course that core issues in law, such as those pertaining to property and contracts, are deeply embedded in all economic phenomena, including monetary ones. In the first semester, we will start off by discussing the subprime mortgage crisis that erupted in 2008. Students will be introduced to both the nature of the crisis and legal scholars' analyses of it. This part of the course will show how legal/regulatory issues are profoundly influenced by political and ideological factors. In this context, we will study the money-markets-politics-power nexus and its relationship to ongoing debates regarding economic "regulation" versus "deregulation." The bulk of the semester will be devoted to conventional, as well as legal, analyses of money with the key question being: Where does money come from? This issue will be discussed at length by a study of the legal history of money in the United Kingdom. In the spring, we will start the semester by exploring the origins and nature of money in the context of precolonial and colonial Africa. The bulk of the semester will then deal with international finance, foreign trade, foreign debt, and governance. In the context of governance, we will study the ways in which dollarization and contestation over taxation affect domestic monetary arrangements; i.e., the stability of the legally established unit of account. These issues will be related to the question of national sovereignty—in particular, as this issue relates to global inequalities and unequal power relations in the way that they have evolved historically. The course will end with global inequalities in the modern world and how financial crises destabilize economic and legal arrangements. This course is designed for students with an interest in a historically informed analysis of political economy and the law.
First-Year Studies: 2016 Presidential Election in Context: Power, Inequality, and Public Authority
Open , FYS—Year
The 2016 Presidential election result has far-reaching implications for economic and social policies. Vowing to dismantle the legacy of the New Deal—or, as one prominent Administration member put it, the "administrative state"—the policy initiatives of the new administration have been cheered by some and opposed by others. While it is too early to say what the future trajectory of this administration will be, in this course we will situate current policy initiatives in a theoretical and historical context by drawing on insights from different schools of thought in economics, as well as in other disciplines such as law, politics, sociology, and history. Some of the key questions to be addressed are: Is economics a monolithic subject, or are there rival schools of thought within the discipline with different methodological, theoretical, and policy/political implications? Why is the study of history a central methodological concern for many economists, and why is it not so for others? Why do people distinguish between "regulation" and laissez faire, and is this a false dichotomy? What is the history of public policy in the United States and other countries? How do we understand the role of political power and the "rule of law" in regard to market outcomes? With inequality as one of the central themes of our current political climate, how do we understand its causes and what is the link to the history of taxation policies in the United States? These will be some of the questions that we will be tackling throughout the course of the year, thereby ensuring that students develop a solid foundation for the fundamental debates in economic theory and policy and understand the key role of methodology in the study of political economy phenomena. Finally, the goal is to ensure that students develop the ability to critically engage scholarly work in economics.
Money, Banking, Financial Crises, and Global Governance: Law, History, and Policy Struggles
Intermediate , Seminar—Year
This is an intermediate level course designed for students with an interest in a historically-informed analysis of political economy and the law. Some background in economics and/or a relevant social science discipline is recommended, although the instructor is willing to be flexible."
While their politics were radically different, the British political economist Jeremy Bentham and historian E. P. Thompson both emphasized the centrality of law in society. Bentham stated, "Property and law are born together, and die together. Before laws were made, there was no property; take away laws, and property ceases" (Bentham 1840, p. 139, cited from Singer 2015, p. 15). While, on the basis of his historical work, Thompson concluded: "For I found that law did not keep politely to a 'level,' but was at every bloody level; it was imbricated within the mode of production and productive relations themselves (as property-rights, definitions of agrarian practice)…" (Thompson 1978, p. 96). Using the study of the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 as its point of departure, this course will discuss the relationship between law and money (which is, after all, a form of property), along with the nature and legal underpinnings of finance and financial crises. As a course in the subdiscipline of law and economics, this class will introduce students to mainstream and critical approaches to both law and economics in regards to money, finance, and governance. It will be demonstrated throughout this course that core issues in law, such as those pertaining to property and contracts, are deeply embedded in all economic phenomena, including monetary ones. In the first semester, we will start off by discussing the subprime mortgage crisis that erupted in 2008. Students will be introduced to both the nature of the crisis and legal scholars' analysis of it. This part of the course will show how legal/regulatory issues are profoundly influenced by political and ideological factors. In this context, we will study the money-politics-power nexus and its relationship to ongoing debates regarding economic "regulation" versus "deregulation." The bulk of the semester will be devoted to conventional, as well as legal, analyses of money, with the key question being: Where does money come from? This issue will be discussed at length by a study of the legal history of money in the United Kingdom. In the spring, we will start the semester by exploring the origins and nature of money in the context of pre-colonial and colonial Africa. The bulk of the spring semester will then deal with international finance, foreign trade, foreign debt, and governance. In the context of governance, we will study the ways in which dollarization and contestation over taxation affect domestic monetary arrangements; i.e., the stability of the legally established unit of account. These issues will be related to the question of national sovereignty. The governance and sovereignty question will also be explored via a study of the nature and role of credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the global economy. The spring semester will end by revisiting the study of financial crises. We will study what has come to be known as the legal theory of finance (LTF) and relate it to the debates on financial regulatory policies in the wake of the crash of 2008.
Introduction to Econometrics: Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences
The fall semester corresponds to the lecture "Social Metrics I: Introduction to Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences" taught in previous years. Social Metrics I, or the first semester of this class, is a prerequisite to the spring semester part. For the fall semester, no prior background in economics or the social sciences is required, but knowledge of basic statistics and high-school algebra is required.
The course is designed for all students interested in the social sciences who wish to understand the methodology and techniques involved in the estimation of structural relationships between variables. The course is intended for students who wish to be able to carry out empirical work in their particular field, both at Sarah Lawrence College and beyond, and critically engage empirical work done by academic or professional social scientists. The practical hands-on approach taken in this course will be useful to those students who wish to do future conference projects in the social (or natural) sciences with significant empirical content. It will also be invaluable for students who are seeking internships, planning to enter the job market, or desiring to pursue graduate education in the social sciences and public policy. After taking this course, students will be able to analyze questions such as the following: What is the relationship between slavery and the development of capitalist industrialization in the United States? What effects do race, gender, and educational attainment have in the determination of wages? How does the female literacy rate affect the child mortality rate? How can one model the effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions? What is the relationship among sociopolitical instability, inequality, and economic growth? How do geographic location and state spending affect average public-school teacher salaries? How do socioeconomic factors determine the crime rate in the United States? During the course of the year, we will study all of these questions. In the first semester, we will cover the theoretical and applied statistical principles that underlie Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques. We will begin with the assumptions needed to obtain the Best Linear Unbiased Estimates of a regression equation, also known as the "BLUE" conditions. Particular emphasis will be placed on the assumptions regarding the distribution of a model's error term and other BLUE conditions. We will also cover hypothesis testing, sample selection, and the critical role of the t- and F-statistic in determining the statistical significance of a social metric model and its associated slope or "β" parameters. Further, we will address the three main problems associated with the violation of a particular BLUE assumption: multicollinearity, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity. We will learn how to identify, address, and remedy each of these problems. In addition, we will take a similar approach to understanding and correcting model specification errors. Finally, we will focus on the analysis of historical time-series models and the study of long-run trend relationships between variables. At every step, we will discuss basic methodological questions, drawing in particular on the debates between John Maynard Keynes and Jan Tinbergen regarding the power and limitations of econometric analysis. The spring semester class will build on the fall class by introducing students to advanced topics in econometrics. We will study autoregressive dependent lag (ARDL) models, co-integration, and error correction models involving nonstationary time series. We will investigate simultaneous equations systems, vector error correction (VEC), and vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The final part of the seminar will involve the study of panel data, as well as logit/probit models. As with the fall class, the spring class will also be very "hands-on," in that students will get ample exposure to concrete issues. Mathematical derivations will be kept to a minimum, as the goal is to train students to do practical work in econometrics. Also like the fall semester class, students will have to do joint collaborative projects in addition to conference work. Finally, methodological issues will be discussed throughout the semester. The spring semester is particularly relevant to students who wish to pursue graduate studies in a social science discipline, although it will be equally relevant for those seeking other types of graduate degrees that involve knowledge of intermediate-level quantitative analysis.
Social Metrics I: Introduction to Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences
Open , Lecture—Fall
No prior background in economics or the social sciences is required, but a knowledge of basic statistics and high-school algebra is required.
The course is designed for all students interested in the social sciences who wish to understand the methodology and techniques involved in the estimation of structural relationships between variables. It is intended for students who wish to be able to carry out empirical work in their particular field, both at Sarah Lawrence College and beyond, and critically engage empirical work done by academic or professional social scientists. The practical hands-on approach taken in this course will be useful to those students who wish to do future conference projects in the social (or natural) sciences with significant empirical content. It will also be invaluable for students who are seeking internships, planning to enter the job market, or desiring to pursue graduate education in the social sciences and public policy. After taking this course, students will be able to analyze questions such as the following: What is the relationship between slavery and the development of capitalist industrialization in the United States? What effects do race, gender, and educational attainment have in the determination of wages? How does the female literacy rate affect the child mortality rate? How can one model the effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions? What is the relationship among sociopolitical instability, inequality, and economic growth? How do geographic location and state spending affect average public-school teacher salaries? How do socioeconomic factors determine the crime rate in the United States? During the course of the semester, we will study all of these questions. The course is broadly split up into three sections. In the first part, we will study the application of statistical methods and techniques in order to: a) understand, analyze, and interpret a wide range of social phenomena such as those mentioned above; b) test hypotheses/theories regarding the possible links between variables; and c) make predictions about prospective changes in the economy. Social metrics is fundamentally a regression-based correlation methodology used to measure the overall strength, direction, and statistical significance between a "dependent" variable—the variable whose movement or change is to be explained—and one or more "independent" variables that will explain the movement or change in the dependent variable. Social metrics will require a detailed understanding of the mechanics, advantages, and limitations of the "classical" linear regression model. Thus, the first part of the course will cover the theoretical and applied statistical principles that underlie Ordinary Lest Squares (OLS) regression techniques. This part will cover the assumptions needed to obtain the Best Linear Unbiased Estimates of a regression equation, also known as the "BLUE" conditions. Particular emphasis will be placed on the assumptions regarding the distribution of a model's error term and other BLUE conditions. We will also cover hypothesis testing, sample selection, and the critical role of the t- and F-statistic in determining the statistical significance of a social metric model and its associated slope or "β" parameters. In the second part of the course, we will address the three main problems associated with the violation of a particular BLUE assumption: multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. We will learn how to identify, address, and remedy each of these problems. In addition, we will take a similar approach to understanding and correcting model specification errors. The third part of the course will focus on the analysis of historical time-series models and the study of long-run trend relationships between variables.
Ethnic and Diasporic Studies
Fiscal Sociology, Public Finance, and the "Fiscal Crisis of the State"
Intermediate/Advanced , Seminar—Fall
Some prior background in economics is helpful but not mandatory.
Can a government run out of money, and are there limits to how high budget deficits and public debt can get? This a key question that we will investigate in this course by studying the factors that determine taxation, as well as the nature of money and public finance. The great economist Joseph Schumpeter said: "The spirit of a people, its cultural level, its social structure, the deeds its policy may prepare—all this and more is written in its fiscal history, stripped of all phrases. He who knows how to listen to its message here discerns the thunder of world history more clearly than anywhere else." Following Schumpeter, before him Rudolf Goldscheid, and after him Lord Nicholas Kaldor, a number of scholars in recent years have attempted to construct a new fiscal sociology that would investigate the challenges of public finance; in particular, a government's taxation capacity in the context of its political economy, legal framework, power relations, historically-constructed institutions, and even cultural norms. This course will explore the nexus between a government's taxation capacity, money and public finance, central banking, and public debt. We will also study the legal and political contexts within which money and central banking arose as capitalism developed. The course is designed for students seeking a historically-informed and interdisciplinary approach to the study of these topics.
Review of Keynesian Economics
Research on Money and Finance, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Member, Coordinating Committee
Member, International Initiative for Promoting Political Economy
Associate, The Academic-Industry Research Network
Co-organizing (with Shahnaz Rouse) an international conference entitled: Re-envisioning Pakistan: the Political Economy of Social Transformation (April 4-6 2014)
"Industrial Organization, Labor Relations, and Labor Market Outcomes"
Guest Editor for a special issue of Review of Keynesian Economics
"State-Business Relations and the Financing of the Welfare State in Latin America: Challenges and Prospects (with Enrique Delamonica and Esteban Perez) (2014)"
Paper for UNRISD (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development) project on The Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development
Featured in The Road to Addis and Beyond: Financing for Social Development, a conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, July 2015
Review of 'Business Networks in Syria: The Political Economy of Authoritarian Resilience'
Dialectical Anthropology
(forthcoming)
"The Political Economy of Public Investment and Public Finance: Challenges to Social Democratic Policies (with Francisco Martinez-Hernandez), (forthcoming)"
Policy as a Contested Process: Notes for Heterodox Economists
Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Heterodox Economics
Lee, F. S. and Cronin, B (eds.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar (2014)
International Economics: An Encyclopedia of Global Trade, Capital, Labor, Technology, and Innovation
Co-edited with Cyrus Bina. Greenwood Press (2014)
Alternative Theories of Competition: Challenges to the Orthodoxy
Co-editors: Bina, Cyrus and Mason, Patrick. Routledge Press (2012)
Strategic Competition, Dynamics, and the Role of the State: A New Perspective
New Directions in Modern Economics Series, Edward Elgar Press (2010)
"Neoliberalism and the Developmental State: Considerations for the New Partnership for African Development (with Karl Botchway)"
In Benjamin Bobo and Herman Sentim-Aboagye (eds) Building Africa: the Core Truth
Africa World Press (2012)
"Constrained Economy and the Developmental State: From Successful Developmentalism to Catastrophic State Failure"
New School, Graduate Program in International Affairs Working Paper
2011-110.
"The Role of the State and Harrod's Economic Dynamics. Toward a New Policy Agenda?"
International Journal of Political Economy
vol. 38, no. 1. (2009)
"The Search for a New Developmental State (with Karl Botchway)"
Fall (Special issue on the developmental state)
"Challenging the Orthodoxy: African Development in the Age of Openness (with Karl Botchway)"
African and Asian Studies
In William Darity, Jr., (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
2nd edition, 8 volumes, MacMillan Reference, Detroit, MI. (2007)
"How State Policies can Raise Economic Growth"
March–April. (2006)
In R. J. Barry Jones, (ed.) Encyclopedia of International Political Economy
Routledge Press, U.K. (2001)
Faculty List A–Z
The testimony of the facts contradicts the liberal thesis decisively. The antiliberal conspiracy is a pure invention. The great variety of forms in which the "collectivist" countermovement appeared was not due to any preference for socialism or nationalism on the part of concerted interests, but exclusively to the broader range of vital social interests affected by the expanding market mechanism…each of these Acts dealt with some problem arising out of modern industrial conditions and was aimed at the safeguarding of some public interest against the dangers inherent either in such conditions or, at any rate, in the market method dealing with them…Most of those who carried these measures were convinced supporters of laissez faire, and certainly did not wish their consent to the establishment of a fire brigade in London to imply a protest against the principles of economic liberalism. On the contrary, the sponsors of these legislative acts were as a rule uncompromising opponents of socialism, or any other form of collectivism.
(On the important role of the State in capitalist development)
The purpose of studying economics is not to acquire a set of ready-made answers to economic questions, but to learn how to avoid being deceived by economists.
Joan Robinson
Modern economics is sick. Economics has increasingly become an intellectual game played for its own sake and not for its practical consequences for understanding the economic world. Economists have converted the subject into a sort of social mathematics in which analytical rigour is everything and practical relevance is nothing.
Mark Blaug (1997. Cited from Hodgson, 2004)
Both students and faculty find economics obsessed with technique over substance . . . the many macro and micro theory exams the Commission examined . . . tested mathematical puzzle-solving ability, not substantive knowledge about economics . . . Only 14 percent of the students report that their core courses put substantial emphasis on 'applying economic theory to real-world problems'.
Alan Blinder (1990. Cited from Hodgson, 2004)


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NAFTA Part 2 – The American Perspective
Home International Legal Issues NAFTA Part 2 – The American Perspective
September 21, 2010 Paul S.O. Barbeau0
The Canadian government has joined forces with the European Union and numerous business and manufacturing groups in opposing a piece of legislation that they say would be cost prohibitive for foreign businesses and could violate international trading standards, according to The Toronto Star.
The Foreign Manufacturers Legal Accountability Act, which lawmakers could vote on as early as this week, has drawn the ire of several foreign entities, worried that the legislation would make it much easier for American consumers to sue them for injuries resulting from defective products.
That, in fact, is the intent of the legislation. As the law currently stands, it is extremely difficult to sue a foreign company in an American court. Even if a lawsuit is filed and litigated, some foreign companies will not even acknowledge the legal action, fail to accept jurisdiction in U.S. courts and neglect to pay any awarded damages.
More often than not, it is the U.S. distributors and retailers that are stuck footing the bill for their foreign suppliers.
The legislation would require, as a condition of market access, foreign companies to identify a registered agent to accept service of process on behalf of non-U.S. manufacturers. Doing so would constitute an acceptance of jurisdiction in U.S. courts.
The Canadian Ambassador to the U.S., Gary Doer, however, believes that the measure would be a both a violation of the North American Free Trade Agreement as well as international rules under the World Trade Organization.
"As Congress considers this legislation, we trust that any legislation that moves forward would respect United States' international trade obligations," he wrote in a letter to congressional leaders earlier this month, according to The Toronto Star.
He says that the law should exempt low-risk countries such as Canada, and focus instead on protecting American citizens from toxic imports from Third World countries known for utilizing cost-cutting measures that often result in safety violations. Doer also pointed out the fact that American citizens rarely face any trouble when suing a Canadian company.
"Injured American plaintiffs can sue a Canadian manufacturer just as easily as they could sue an American manufacturer," he wrote. "In these circumstances, service upon a person or a corporation in Canada can be made directly through a process server in Canada. More importantly, Canadian courts routinely enforce American court judgments where the American court has jurisdiction and due process is followed."
Last week, manufacturers in the European Union, India and Japan let their opposition to the proposed law be known. Indian exporters claim that the bill could cost their manufacturers up to $500 million per year to comply with the law. Officials for other nations have raised much the same argument.
Some American manufacturers have opposed the legislation as well, claiming that that foreign manufacturers will view the measure as protectionist, and respond in kind, adopting laws that make it more difficult for American manufacturers to export goods.
International Legal Issues, Legal Commentary, Uncategorized


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Our Industry Needs To Change If It Really Wants To Tap Into Social Energy
November 10, 2020 by Gavin Jones
By Gavin Jones, Co-Head of Strategy at Venables Bell + Partners
The traditional way the ad industry found mass audiences for our clients was simple—we paid a lot of money to a television network that forced all viewers to watch a commercial before getting to the entertainment they loved. This model has been eroding for decades with the advent of the internet, DVRs, and streaming services that allow people to bypass all ads (for a fee, of course).
The holy grail for advertisers now is the viral event, the TikTok meme that appears out of nowhere but has been seen by everybody and their grandmother by morning, the celebrity tweet which divides the Twitterverse in a trending minute, or the you-must-have-seen-it Tiger King sensation that became national water cooler talk despite the fact that we were all locked down away from our water coolers at the time.
I can't tell you how many times in the last decade I've been asked by a client to make them one of these—just make a video that goes viral, they say. But that's not how it works. Though these may seem like they arrived overnight, all of these mass cultural sensations are powered by a release of social energy at the right moment. Brands rarely create social energy, instead, they have to focus on tapping into and building on what's already going.
Unfortunately, most agencies are still operating under outdated structures in which siloed teams spend months working on one campaign and wait months longer to see if it's approved by agency leadership and the client.
It's past time for us to shake this up. If we want to be agile enough to truly tap social energy, we have to start operating in cross-discipline teams with creatives, strategists, accounts, PR, and production working dynamically. At a minimum, we must:
Stop overthinking and overengineering. While we sit in planning meetings after planning meeting bogged down in agency politics, TikTok and YouTube stars are creating their own fame, content, and healthy bank balances. Often a brand in-and-of-itself, they're nimble, stay in touch with social, and turn out content quickly and inexpensively. The best of them make more content in a week than many of us produce in a year, and it's often seen by far more people. Why? Because they don't overthink and they don't wait for approval, they just produce.
Be more agile with campaigns and budgets. Ideas should never remain fixed, and budgets should be flexible, so you can put more money behind something that is starting to trend. Take Aviation Gin. The brand's ad starring the much-maligned Peloton Girl, which was turned around in a mere 15 days, was a masterclass in grabbing social energy. Yes, it helps that Aviation Gin is led by mega-movie star Ryan Reynolds whose Deadpool snark packs its own social energy. But Reynolds has truly found that sweet spot of getting entertaining advertising content out there using earned media because he can turn on a dime.
Develop a brand world in advance. Consider the culture(s) that the brand can authentically be part of and the tone the brand should adopt. SteakUmms, the frozen beef brand, decided it wanted to be a voice for "bringing the community together to interact and be productive." As the Covid crisis emerged, social media managers watched the cultural conversation for places where this voice could be helpful. This led to a Twitter rant about the need for good data that was liked/retweeted almost 50,000 times by the next day. When the brand was trending on Twitter, it doubled down on exposure with a comical tweet, "you know the simulation is broken when frozen beef sheets are trending."
Watch for your moment. Brands need to watch the world and pick up on what people are worried about or laughing at right now. Moonpie, a company founded in 1917, launched MoonMate through Amazon's Alexa to keep people company during social isolation. MoonMate is preprogrammed to carry on a conversation like a real roommate with topics such as avoiding dishes and complementing your wardrobe. This silliness was an extension of a voice the brand started years before and a calculated move to insert itself in the cultural conversation. In fact, this small brand schooled us all about capturing the moment in 2017 when it trolled snack giant Hostess for suggesting that its golden cupcake was the official snack of the solar eclipse (which is the rare moment when the moon blocks the sun). Moonpie's tweet—which simply said "Lol ok,"—was viewed over one billion times.
Be Ready for Success. It's always better to have something to double down on than to start from scratch so be ready with a plan to keep the social energy going if it starts. Popeyes' underestimated how popular its new fried chicken sandwich would be, but the fast-food chain was able to turn that into an advantage and unleash an earned juggernaut of social energy by doubling down on the fact that the sandwich was sold out everywhere. It became the must-have item of the last sum (beforehand sanitizer stole that crown, of course). Other brands have turned older success into social energy. To add levity to lockdown, Budweiser brought back the Whassup crew (introduced in 1999) who like the rest of us were having a video conference. Building on a known quantity in this way will be far more memorable in the long term than the string of awkward, 'In-These-Uncertain-Times' work created from scratch at the beginning of the epidemic.
Our industry is at risk of becoming the taxi company eye-rolling at that new thing called Uber. We need to radically change how we work, charge for ideas, and create content. In doing so, we can have exponentially more cultural impact through earned efforts than paid media dollars alone would ever get us.
Robert Marceau says:
While not being in the Industry, this article very nicely explains the thought process that must be involved with evolving this Industry duringI this time of challenge.


As a small business owner, you cant expect to have a full team with several employees right away. You will start with only a handful of people in your team. You are still starting this business, and you cant afford to give away everything that you have earned for employee salary.
It does not mean though that you cant operate well if you have only a few people working with you. All companies start small, but they eventually grow. Nothing happens overnight. The key is to work well with these people and make the most out of the team.
You might see them as your regular employees now, but they are the core members of your team. If your business grows someday, they will move up the ladder. They have been there since the start and they see the changes over the years. Therefore, you need to tell them what you plan for the company, and what the steps are to get there. If they understand clearly your vision, they will work hard with you to reach it.
It does not make sense for you to schedule a meeting all the time. You have other means of discussing with them. Besides, if there are less than 10 employees in your team and you work in the same place, you can make announcements in the office any time you want. Some business owners dont even have a physical working environment. Everyone is working online and will only meet during crucial moments. You can keep each other posted through group chats and video conferencing.
Since you have a small team, you dont want to burden them with a lot of tasks. It helps if you allow some tasks to be automated. Look for reliable software that makes the tasks easier. Accounting, bookkeeping, payroll services, data entry, and many others are only some of the services that you can automate using apps and software. You dont need to rely on specific individuals to do these jobs when they already have a lot on their plate.
You need to treat this team as an investment. Their growth will also help your company in the long run. Therefore, if they want to continue learning, you need to allow them to do so through scholarships. They dont need to stop working while they are studying. There are online courses for them to take. They can also join webinars about topics that are related to their current job.
You are currently with people who serve as the foundation of your company, and foundations are always built on trust. You need to be friends with everyone in your team and let them know that you trust them. Allow them to have a say even in making major decisions.
The size of your team does not matter if you know how to use them well and make the integral parts of your business success.


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Home > Student Stories > Ruben Bonnevits
Practical Placement, Front Office
Hilton London Kensington, London, United Kingdom
"I have made so many great memories over the last six months, but one that really surprised me was being recognised as team member of the month during my second month of the internship!"
Hi, my name is Ruben Bonnevits and I recently finished an amazing internship at the Hilton London Kensington!
I requested a Front-Office internship at an international hotel with over 400 rooms. After placement office introduced me to the Hilton London Kensington, I had my job interview with the front office manager, and shortly after the interview I got accepted!
During the first weeks of the internship I got trained via courses and trainings, which resulted in me being fully capable of performing all front office tasks as receptionist. I was very lucky to join an amazing and motivated team, who all had different backgrounds and experiences I could learn from. Also, the front office team alone hosted over 10 different nationalities, which let to a very multi-cultural team atmosphere.
The organisational structure in the UK is very tall structured, which means very hierarchal. This was an adjustment for me, coming from the flat organisational structures we mainly have in the Netherlands.
My day-to-day job was very divers, with front office and back office tasks, though I have probably spent most of my days at the Hilton Honours reception desk, which every Hilton offers to its loyal and frequent guests. Not only was this an amazing responsibility, but it also gave me the opportunity to get a little more personal with the guests and go the extra mile to create the perfect flawless stay!
I have made so many great memories over the last six months, but one that really surprised me was being recognised as team member of the month during my second month of the internship! This was one of those amazing motivational boosters Hilton offers for their team members.
I can honestly say that these six months in London have brought me so much more insight into what our industry is about. And to all of you who still in doubt where to go, choose Hilton! This is one of those companies who really takes care of their staff members and keeps everyone motivated and on the top of their game when representing the Hilton Brand Standards!


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Give the Devil His Due: A Rowland Sinclair Mystery by Sulari Gentill - Historical Mystery
Paperback: January 6, 2020
Wealthy Rowland Sinclair, an artist with leftist friends and a free-wheeling lifestyle, reluctantly agrees to a charity race. He'll drive his beloved yellow Mercedes on the Maroubra Speedway, renamed the Killer Track for the lives it has claimed. His teammates are a young Errol Flynn and the well-known driver Joan Richmond. It's all good fun. But then people start to die. The body of a journalist covering the race is found murdered in a House of Horrors. An English blueblood with Blackshirt affiliations dies in a Maroubra crash. Reporters stalk Rowly for dirt while bookmakers are after an edge. When someone takes a shot at him, it could be anyone. Then the police arrest one of Rowly's housemates for murder.
Treason: A Stone Barrington Novel by Stuart Woods - Thriller/Adventure
Hardcover: January 7, 2020
Upon returning to New York City after a whirlwind British excursion, Stone Barrington is notified of a delicate situation within the country's administration. A close friend requires his expertise and subtlety to eradicate a destructive presence in a classified agency --- only it soon becomes clear that this renegade was sent by a rival Stone has encountered before. From the City of Light to the rocky Maine coastline, Stone will need to summon all his wit and daring to halt the audacious plots threatening to reveal confidential intel, and catch the evasive traitor at last. This enemy may be equipped with unlimited resources and devious schemes, but if Stone remains vigilant, justice may finally prevail.
The River Murders by
THE RIVER MURDERS contains three exciting thrillers. 1) "Hidden": After being rejected from the Navy SEALs, Mitchum becomes his small town's unofficial private eye. But his investigation skills are put to the test when he must find his missing teenage cousin --- and uncovers a government conspiracy in the process. 2) "Malicious": Mitchum's brother has been charged with murder. Nathaniel swears he didn't kill anyone, but word on the street is that he was involved with the victim's wife. Now, Mitchum will break every rule to expose the truth. 3) "Malevolent": One by one, Mitchum's loved ones have become victims of carefully staged attacks. There's only one way to stop the ruthless mastermind intent on destroying everyone around him --- to go on the most dangerous hunt of his life.
A Small Town by Thomas Perry - Thriller
Hardcover: December 17, 2019
Twelve conspirators meticulously plan to throw open all the gates to the prison that contains them, so that more than a thousand convicts may escape and pour into the nearby small town. The newly freed prisoners rape, murder and destroy the town. An immense search ensues, but the 12 who plotted it all get away. After two years, all efforts by the local and federal police agencies have been in vain. Leah Hawkins, a former star basketball player and resident good cop, is placed on sabbatical so that she can tour the country learning advanced police procedures. The sabbatical is merely a ruse, however, as her real job is to track the infamous 12 and kill them. Soon, the surviving fugitives realize what she is up to, and a race to kill or be killed ensues.
Naked Came the Florida Man by Tim Dorsey - Mystery/Humor
With his best bro Colman riding shotgun, Serge A. Storms hits the highway in his '69 gold Plymouth Satellite, putting pedal to the metal on a grand tour of the past. Beginning in Key West, the sunshine boys' odyssey includes a forgotten mass grave in Palm Beach county holding the remains of African Americans killed by the Great Hurricane of 1928, and the resting place of one world-famous television dolphin (RIP Flipper) from the 1960s. But one deadland --- a haunted old sugar field --- holds more than just the bones of those who've passed. For years, local children have whispered about a boogeyman hiding among the stalks. Could it be the same maniac known as Naked Florida man who's been raising hell all over the place?
The Wives by Tarryn Fisher - Psychological Thriller
Paperback: December 30, 2019
Thursday's husband, Seth, has two other wives. She's never met them, and she doesn't know anything about them. She agreed to this unusual arrangement because she's so crazy about him. But one day, she finds something. Something that tells a very different --- and horrifying --- story about the man she married. What follows is one of the most twisted, shocking thrillers you'll ever read. You'll have to grab a copy to find out why.
The Playground by Jane Shemilt - Psychological Thriller
Over the course of a long, hot summer in London, the lives of three very different married couples collide when their children join the same tutoring circle, resulting in illicit relationships, shocking violence and unimaginable fallout. As the weeks go by, the couples become very close. Resentments flare. An affair begins. No one sees the five children at their secret games or realize how much their family dynamics are changing until tragedy strikes. The story twists and then twists again while the three families desperately search for answers. It's only as they begin to unravel the truth of what happened over the summer that they realize evil has crept quietly into their world. But has this knowledge come too late?
Life Isn't Everything: Mike Nichols, as Remembered by 150 of His Closest Friends by
Sam Kashner
Hardcover: November 12, 2019
The work of Mike Nichols pervades American cultural consciousness --- from The Graduate and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? to Angels in America, The Birdcage, Working Girl and Primary Colors, not to mention his string of hit plays, including "Barefoot in the Park" and "The Odd Couple." If that weren't enough, he was also one half of the timelessly funny duo Nichols & May, as well as a founding member of the original improv troupe. Most fans, however, know very little of the person behind it all. Here, for the first time, Ash Carter and Sam Kashner offer an intimate look behind the scenes of Nichols' life, as told by the stars, moguls, playwrights, producers, comics and crew members who stayed loyal to Nichols for years.
Facets of Death: A Detective Kubu Mystery by Michael Stanley - Mystery
David "Kubu" Bengu's keen mind and famous persistence have seen him rise in the Botswana Criminal Investigation Department. But how did he get his start? His resentful new colleagues are suspicious of a detective who has entered the CID straight from university, skipping the usual beat cop phase. Shortly after he joins the CID, the richest diamond mine in the world is robbed of 100,000 carats of diamonds in transit. Police immediately suspect an inside job, but there is no evidence of who it could be. When the robbers are killed execution-style in South Africa and the diamonds are still missing, suspicion focuses on a witch doctor and his son. Does "Kubu" have the skill and the integrity to engineer an international trap and catch those responsible?
Dead Astronauts by Jeff VanderMeer - Science Fiction
Hardcover: December 3, 2019
A messianic blue fox who slips through warrens of time and space on a mysterious mission. A homeless woman haunted by a demon who finds the key to all things in a strange journal. A giant leviathan of a fish, centuries old, who hides a secret, remembering a past that may not be its own. Three ragtag rebels waging an endless war for the fate of the world against an all-powerful corporation. A raving madman who wanders the desert lost in the past, haunted by his own creation: an invisible monster whose purpose remains hidden. DEAD ASTRONAUTS presents a City where, in the shadow of the all-powerful Company, lives human and otherwise converge in terrifying and miraculous ways. At stake: the fate of the future, the fate of Earth --- all the Earths.
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Week of January 6, 2020
Books On Screen
January's Books on Screen roundup includes the feature films Just Mercy, The Informer, The Turning and The Rhythm Section; the series premieres of "Lincoln Rhyme: Hunt for the Bone Collector" on NBC and "The Outsider" on HBO, along with the first season of "The Stranger" on Netflix, the season five premiere of "The Magicians" on Syfy, and the season one finale of "Truth Be Told" on Apple TV+; and the DVD releases of Britt-Marie Was Here, Motherless Brooklyn, Joker and The Addams Family.
Cross Her Heart by Sarah Pinborough
The Daughter's Tale by Armando Lucas Correa
House on Fire by Bonnie Kistler
Lady Clementine by Marie Benedict
Long Bright River by Liz Moore
The Night Tiger by Yangsze Choo
Such a Fun Age by Kiley Reid
The Wicked Redhead: A Wicked City Novel by Beatriz Williams
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SIGNING CEREMONY OF SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND ICSU
By Mohd Al-Hafiz Ahmad2012-04-27Mac 11th, 2017No Comments
KUALA LUMPUR, Friday, 27 April 2012: ICSU, the International Council for Science representing a global membership that includes both national scientific bodies (121 National Members representing 140 countries) and International Scientific Unions (30 members) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) today signed a Supplementary Agreement to enable the ICSU Regional Office to continue to be based in Malaysia until 2016.
The signing ceremony of a Supplementary Agreement to extend the original Agreement for another five years took place today, April 27th 2012 at the Le Meridien Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. The Agreement was signed by the Secretary General of MOSTI, Dato' Madinah Mohamad, on behalf of The Government of Malaysia and Dr. Steven Wilson the Executive Director of ICSU.
The original Agreement between the Government of Malaysia and ICSU for hosting the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP) signed in September 2006 came to its completion after five years.
In her speech, Dato' Madinah reaffirmed Malaysia's support towards the fundamental of ICSU which is to propagate international science in order to benefit the masses. She mentioned that the presence of the ROAP in Malaysia represents the country's contributions to international science, and wished the ROAP a productive five years to come.
Dignitaries from Malaysia and the region witnessed the signing ceremony. It marks a successful collaboration between MOSTI and ICSU in science, technology and innovation that will continue to strengthen over the next five years.
The Director of ICSU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP), Professor Emeritus Dr Mohd Nordin Hj Hasan FASc said "ICSU had benefitted tremendously from its relationship with MOSTI. It is now spearheading the regional inputs by scientists from Malaysia and the Asia Pacific in the Rio+20 process. This is to ensure that the voice of the scientific community in his region is heard in the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012.
ICSU coordinates interdisciplinary research to address specific areas if investigation. The Council actively advocates for freedom in conduct of science, promotes equitable access to scientific data and information, and facilities science education and capacity building.
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Hello readers! Today I will be Walking you through my favorite classic recipe for a Delcious Dinner and Classic Dish B.L.T!
This delicious potato salad is perfect to pair with the BLT any day.
Cut each potato in half. Place in a large pot and cover with 1 inch of water.
Drain well. Let cool and then peel and discard the skins.
You posted some very nice recipies and photographs, Excellent doing.


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//
//  hash_builtin.h
//  PSPL
//
//  Created by Jack Andersen on 5/11/13.
//
//

#ifndef PSPL_hash_builtin_h
#define PSPL_hash_builtin_h

#define HASH_LENGTH 20
#define BLOCK_LENGTH 64

typedef struct {
    uint32_t state[5];
    uint32_t count[2];
    uint8_t  buffer[64];
    uint8_t  result[20];
} SHA1_CTX;

#define SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE 20

void SHA1_Init(SHA1_CTX* context);
void SHA1_Update(SHA1_CTX* context, const uint8_t* data, const size_t len);
void SHA1_Final(SHA1_CTX* context, uint8_t digest[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE]);

#define PSPL_HASH_LENGTH HASH_LENGTH

/* PSPL defines */
typedef SHA1_CTX pspl_hash_ctx_t;
#define pspl_hash_init(ctx_ptr) SHA1_Init((SHA1_CTX*)(ctx_ptr))
#define pspl_hash_write(ctx_ptr, data_ptr, len) SHA1_Update((SHA1_CTX*)(ctx_ptr), (const uint8_t*)(data_ptr), (const size_t)(len))
#define pspl_hash_result(ctx_ptr, out_ptr) SHA1_Final((SHA1_CTX*)(ctx_ptr), ((SHA1_CTX*)ctx_ptr)->result); out_ptr = (pspl_hash*)((SHA1_CTX*)ctx_ptr)->result

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our firm is dedicated to providing the highest level of legal services to our clients. Our approach is to carefully listen to and evaluate each client's problems and objectives so that we can creatively tailor a specific and unique plan that will best meet each clients' needs. Experienced and accomplished attorneys, focused dedication to each client, and consistent and diligent effort, are the hallmarks of our "client-centric" approach to the practice of law.
The attorneys of the Hatch Law Firm believe that Ethics and Professionalism are critical parts of proper client representation. We owe it to our clients not to compromise high standards of ethics and professionalism in our work on their matters. Our attorneys enjoy excellent reputations for ethics and professionalism among their peers.


Gather in our courtyard and bring along your furry or fluffy friends! Even your cats!
the Presidio to share Shabbat with other animal loving folks.
Of course, all feathered-friends and those with fins or shells are invited to be blessed, as well.


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Q: Reading contents inside PDF file How can i traverse the contents present inside PDF file. Suppose i have PDF documents inside a document library and I need to read contents inside PDF file to know the type of PDF file whether its a college book or a school book(example).
Can i use OpenXML sdk for this. I have already used Open SDk to read word file contents.
Any help is much appreciated.
Thanks in advance
Alam

A: To be honest, I don't think you can, however what you can do is download file and use a third party dll to prase file to word and read it.
Reading-a-PDF-file-with-C#-or-ASP.NET
Hope it helped :)
There can be another way of doing it, when someone uploads the file to document library add another column to find out what type of PDF file it is :)

A: Another more enterpriseish solution is to use SharePoint search functionality.
PDF files can be indexed using FAST search of iFilter 9.
With PDF files indexed it is possible to at least search for content, and perhaps even extract it.
Beside that you could use something like Aspose.Pdf.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Long term Care Facilities are Nursing centers that provide long term stay for people that cannot be safely cared for at home by their families or loved ones. Typically Medicaid covers this benefit. These facilities provide a full range of services from Nursing, Medical, Personal and Restorative care. Our team of doctors and nurse practitioners specialize in caring for residents in several LTC in the Montgomery county area.


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Hip hop Hypebeasts
So I'm supposed to be eating but instead I see some tweets from Lupe and I'm reminded about something I thought about earlier. Hypebeasts in hip hop. Now what is called a hype beast currently is a dude or female who pumps up a pair of shoes on the market with no discretion, meaning, every brand new show is hot, it's a must- have and you have to line up for them. These are the people who encourage so many limited edition foamposites and retro jordan releases so they can say they got them, for the fourth time. I feel like hip-hop is becoming just like that let me explain.
This week has just brought two albums that were highly anticipated, the latest from J. Cole, "Born Sinner" and Kanye West "Yeezus". Now of course they both leaked as to be expected, but whats always interesting about social media is the reactions. Especially since everyone is in a rush to be the 'first' to have their opinion. But what strikes me is that so many people were so quick to say that both albums were "hot" or "classics" and epic, etc. It has come to the point where every album is a classic or 'fire'. That's just impossible. Hell, people are even saying Mac Miller has a hot album. These three releases are so different it is highly unlikely the same people are rating all three good to great is either unlikely or a lie to avoid ever having the appearance of a hater. That means hypebeast. There is no way you can find a positive spin on everything, that's just wholly unrealistic and ridiculous. There is nothing wrong with disliking something. Just as it is with tennis shoes, or sneakers, everything isn't hot or slick and it's ok.
I know I'm extra critical so I don't think everyone will be like me so I understand I get a lot of heat from true fans of certain artists. Wale has some real fans as does Ja Rule. I feel their passion when they talk greasy to me on twitter, however J. Cole fans seem like they're just going along with what seems to be the thing to do. I think Kendrick lamarr is phenomenal but for everyone to think he is the new shit is kind of nuts isn't it? I mean Nas wasn't loved as universally when he was atop of the game. I talked to a guy today and he said "you know why they jump from artist to artist, because they don't know who they are". He has a huge point. Part of what was different in my day was that it wasn't a big contest to fit in universally, there were hardcore DMX fans who didn't buy Jay-z records because he didn't represent the hunger that they had. They were emotionally tied to those artists but at the same time most logical fans could admit mistakes and missteps.
That's not to say people of my generation didn't pump things up, but social media has changed everything. Hashtags reign supreme and you have to be trending in order to be important. Or even better, in a world where even the biggest star is just 140 characters away, getting a retweet while being called a hater brings out the biggest fans. Being called a hater is also the biggest crime to be accused of now as there is no reason for someone half a continent away to take the time to hear out or listen to your reasoning.
The other reason hype beasts exist in hip-hop, is because there is always something new coming out. Rappers don't even make albums that are front to back compositions that could even be put into the discussion for 'classic' let alone be called them. Recently, Kendrick Lamarr has had the closes thing to a classic album. But how many people are listening to that over and over, picking it apart and getting the new nuggets out of every line that are sitting there. Not many, and why, because there is a new mixtape, another new album, something else to get excited about. Like if you don't stick to one song or album after it's initial shelf life does it really hold that weight of being 'hot' you initially applied to it. But maybe that's just me and I have a higher standard for definitive classic albums.
I also have expectations, but I feel that many of today's listeners, due to their penchant for moving on, pre-sell themselves on the idea that whatever is coming out next from a popular artist is already good, because that artist is popular at the moment. I am trying to stay off of social networking right now because I am fearful of the upcoming exaggerations about the depth of some of Jay-z's upcoming Magna Carta lyrics which he is releasing via his app. While Jay probably deserves some of it, it is wise to keep your thoughts about what it could be to a reasonable level and not expect the next greatest album ever but to wait and hopefully be impressed with what comes out.
At the end of the day, we love this music and get excited about it, however we need to be cognizant that we are still allowing some things to be special, and making other artists actually earn the excitement we might have for their work by making them prove they are worthy of classic hype.
Labels: DMX expectations hip-hop hype hypebeast j. cole Ja Rule Jay-Z Kendrick Lamar Magna Carta Nas social media wale
Anto Grayo June 30, 2013 at 11:22 AM
Where do I subscribe to this bitch
Rembrandt18 July 1, 2013 at 9:40 AM
on the right side and you can also like us on Facebook
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If you are one of the thousands of victims who sustain an auto injury in the Tampa Bay area annually, you understand the difficulty in coping with this condition. Many patients who present to their medical doctor, are often treated with medications. Unfortunately, these medications often only work to address the inflammation and pain. They don't address the structural issues that are common with auto accident injuries. Many patients also present to local Tampa chiropractors who treat them with physical therapy modalities and chiropractic adjustments. However, unless a clinician takes a comprehensive approach, any treatment may only treat symptoms and not manage long term goals.
At Essential Integrative Medicine, we realize that auto injuries can be prolonged unless we identify other factors and stresses that may affect your recovery. We are Tampa chiropractors that identify that there are three dimensions of stress that can prolonged your auto injuries: physical, biochemical and emotional stress. Physical stress is the structural damage to your body that needs to be addressed. Biochemical stress consists of the foods you eat or the medications that you take. What you put in your body and what you don't get enough of can dramatically affect your auto injuries. Finally, emotional stress is the stress you feel when you can't work due to your injuries or the legal burden of an auto accident. Many patients hire a Tampa attorney to assist in managing their claim.
Essential Integrative Medicine are south Tampa chiropractors that focus on the many factors that can make it more difficult for you to recover from your auto injuries.


Have you ever wanted to password-protect your Django-site, without requiring user registration, do you find HTTP Basic Auth to be a very blunt instrument for protecting sites or do you want to do StackOverflow style beta-testing?
Some time ago, I wrote a small piece about TurboGears, with a link to a review I read on O'Reilly.
There is a nice article introducing it here.


>ThinkPad 535(2606-KF8)にRedhat Linux 7.2Jを導入したのですが、どなたかXFree86 4.1.0でXWindowを使用できている方はいらっしゃいますか?
"xf86config", "xf86cfg" or "XFree86 -configure"
driver programming the hardware incorrectly.
module "wvlan_cs" opts "eth=1 network_name=YourAirStationName"
card "BUFFALO Wireless LAN WLI-CF-S11G"
version "BUFFALO", "WLI-CF-S11G", "", ""
Welcome to IBM Access Support!
> Welcome to IBM Access Support!
> thatisinaccessible by any other application or the end user.


text:
Q: How to rename multiple objects in r? Or how objects can be recognised with "-" in their name in r? I have read a large number of CSV files into R and foolishly the data frames have been saved with "-" symbol in their names, for instance "new-zealand_kba". Is there a way to replace "-" with "_" for a large number of objects. Eg "new-zealand_kba" would become "new_zealand_kba".
Alternatively, is there a way to read in large numbers of CSV files where "-" in their file names are replaced with "_".
# reading in all the CSV files in the folder "Oceania"
path <- "C:/Users/Melissa/Desktop/Dissertation/DATA/Oceania/"
files <- list.files(path=path, pattern="*.csv")
for(file in files)
{
  perpos <- which(strsplit(file, "")[[1]]==".")
  assign(
    gsub(" ","",substr(file, 1, perpos-1)),
    read.csv(paste(path,file,sep="")))
}

# merging all the CSV files with the same country
# is it this section of my code which wont run as new-zealand_red etc is not
# recognised properly.
new-zealand1<-full_join(new-zealand_red, new-zealand_kba, by = "Year")
new-zealand2<-full_join(new-zealand1, new-zealand_con, by = "Year")
new-zealand3<-full_join(new-zealand2, new-zealand_rep, by = "Year")

A: You are using assign to create your data.frames. Here you can change the name:
assign(
   gsub("-", "_", gsub(" ","",substr(file, 1, perpos-1))),
   read.csv(paste(path,file,sep="")))

However, assign maybe not the best option and maybe you should consider storing a list of data frames instead of each data frame separately, for instance like this (untested):
list_of_dataframes <- lapply(files, function(file) read.csv(paste(path,file,sep=""))))

Then all your data frames would sit in a list. You could assign names to this list easily:
names(list_of_dataframes) <- gsub("[ -]", "_", gsub("\\.csv$", "", files)))

If you do not want to re-read your data and you want to rename existing data frames you could the following:
 all_obj <- ls()
 for (old_name in all_aobj) {
    new_name <- make.names(old_name) ## get a syntactical correct name
    if (new_name != old_name) {
        assign(new_name, get(old_name))
        rm(old_name)
    }
 }

Note. This code will also rename valid infix operators like %||%, so starting with a better selection for all_obj would be recommended.


TINKERBELL DRESS UP - Play Tinkerbell Dress Up for Free at Poki!
Dress Tinkerbell in delightful clothes! Deck this pretty pixie in casual wear for a relaxing day in the forest. You can also clothe her for new, exciting adventures with Peter Pan and The Lost Boys. Change her signature hairstyle for a totally different look! Tinkerbell Dress Up is one of our selected Dress Up Games for Kids.


text:
205. K&P's Gratis Pipe Tool: A Dating Guide
Post category:History of Kapp & Peterson / Peterson Accessories / System Pipes
Back in 2018 Kris Parry at the Black Swan Shoppe sent me a Peterson-branded 3-in-1 pipe tool.* It turned out to be a generic but well-made instrument but got me thinking about the original Gratis Pipe Tools that accompanied System pipes from 1891 until 1963 or so. With a gift from my co-author Gary Malmberg and research on K&P's 1896 catalog, I can now offer a visual history and tentative dating guide.
Bach Smokes the Thinking Man's Pipe (a 4s, of course)
As long as there have been pipes, there have been tampers. If you haven't used your finger as a tamp, you probably haven't smoked more than a bowl or two, because along about the second or third burned finger, you learned to keep a tamper handy. In the beginning tampers were called "stoppers" and Johann Sebastian Bach—a man who loved his pipe—had this to say about them:
How oft it happens when one's smoking:
The stopper's missing from its shelf,
And as one goes with one's finger poking
Into the bowl and burns oneself.
If in the pipe such pain doeth dwell,
How hot must be the pains of Hell! *
By about 1850, or twenty years before briar began to come onto the pipe smoking scene in a big way, pipemen had come to a consensus that there are three operations which require some kind of tool when smoking one's pipe: (1) "stopping" or "tamping," (2) clearing clogs from the draft hole, and (3) unloading smoked and unsmoked tobacco from the chamber.
Charles Peterson was not only a great artisan, inventor and entrepreneur but a guy who smoked like a freight train, so he knew from the get-go that his Patent System pipes deserved a quick-reach all-purpose tool to keep them functioning their best. Having already provided a fairly comprehensive user's guide in the 1896 catalog, he realized that charity consists more in action than words. Accordingly, from the outset his company provided every single System pipe they made with a 3-in-1 pipe tool. For the next seventy years, it was the best advertising K&P could have done: every time a pipeman picked up the Gratis tool, he remembered how much he liked his System pipe.
Czech, mate? A close copy of the K&P Gratis Tool
The Gratis Tool is still seen in auctions a few times a year on eBay, but most smokers know it through its later clone, the "Czech Tool" (so-called because the genuine article says MADE IN over CZECH REPUBLIC on the tamper stem).
It would be great to say that Charles Peterson invented the 3-in-1 tool, or at least patented K&P's version, but as it turns out earlier versions had already been circulation for a while.
One of the first patents for a 3-in-1 was by Gustavus Miller, from 1864. In his patent letter he writes that "it is well known that devices of similar kind have been used long since by smokers; but they were not so complete as mine, and they lacked the spring, which constitutes the essential part of my improvements."
Among US patents, there is one filed in 1905 by George Walker of Newton, Massachusetts. Like Miller before him, he states that the three parts of the tool "are well known to pipe-smokers," his patent covering a fourth tool, a flexible cleaning rod concealed in the bore of the tamp (#6).
One of the great gurus of our hobby is Fred Hanna, a Doctor of Pipes. If you haven't read his deliciously satirical essay on "The Hidden Benefits of the Expensive Pipe Tamper," I suggest you immediately do so, which can be found at the TobaccoDays blog or in his classic out-of-print book The Perfect Smoke (2012).
Hanna is seemingly able to get along with just a tamper, having no need of either pick or spoon. There will be those who suspect he wasn't brought up with tools or say he doesn't go in for the manly D-I-Y aspects of the hobby, but they're wrong. It's because as a Doctor of Pipes he is a veritable Jedi Knight in the pipe-smoking world and never has clogged airholes, never has packed his pipes too tightly and never, ever finds his perfect straight-grain artisan pipe chambers choked with ash making it impossible to burn the unsmoked tobacco beneath.
One step up from the single-function tamper is the dual-function, made rather like a sword stick and consisting of a tamper with a screw-out poker (aka a reamer) concealed in its shank. You may think Hanna occasionally sneaks out the poker of his genuine unicorn tusk tamp to unclog the draft hole. Fie! Not he. It is there only to give succor to those in need around him.
Anyone who has encountered the frustration of a clogged draft-hole knows the value of a poker, but only System and army-mount users can safely remove the mouthpiece during smoking to unclog the draft. While System users may never encounter a clog in the mouthpiece (which is designed to prevent large matter from ever ascending into its draft), they will sometimes find a clog in the draft hole to the chamber.
I couldn't live without a poker, having passed my smoking life as one of those poor sods who sometimes packs his tobacco too tightly and must scoop it all out and begin again. I am also sometimes cursed by a clogged airhole and unable to draw, which typically happens in an otherwise idyllic smoke.
At the Chicago show in 2018, my co-author Gary Malmberg taught me a neat use of the poker. I like to smoke out my bowl to the bottom—a dubious practice frowned on by many among the Smoking Elite. When I get about three-quarters of the way through the bowl it often happens that I tamp the surface but can't get a good relight. When Gary saw me doing this, being the wise man he is, said, "That's one of the reasons you've got a pick in the 3-in-1 tool: take the pick and gently poke three or four air holes down through the layer of ash and tobacco beneath to the bottom of the bowl, being careful not to push the pick into the chamber floor." Well, I tried it, and presto, as they say. Problem solved. Merrily I smoke along to the end of the ride.
In addition to the tamper and poker, a spoon or shovel is also essential. While Pipe-Smoking Superheroes simply turn their pipes over and watch ash drift effortlessly down and across the universe, I often find my pipes need some coaxing, cajoling and occasional cussing. Especially if I didn't have time to smoke out the bowl. I usually begin with the poker to loosen the dottle and then if a slap on the palm doesn't drop it out, use the shovel, never forgetting to say (as it rolls out) "Alas poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio."
1896 Catalog Gratis Tool
The first version of the Gratis Tool might be called the "Compliment" Tool, since it is stamped COMPLIMENT WITH PETERSON'S PATENT PIPE. It is seen only in an illustration on p.21 of the 1896 catalog (forthcoming from Briar Books Press, by the way!). Not visible in the illustration, it bears the words MADE IN GERMANY around the hinge and COMPLIMENT with on the spoon shank.
The word on the shank is interesting—why it didn't read complimentary with or compliments with? I wonder if there was a translation error somewhere along the line. That it was made in Germany is no surprise, as Charles Peterson not only was a fluent German speaker (it was one of three languages spoken in Latvia where he was born) but had many business associates in German-speaking countries.
One more interesting thing can be seen on the inside of the spoon: the engraving of a cutaway demonstrator Patent System.
The Gratis Tool in the 1906 catalog is obviously the same design as the 1896, but COMPLIMENTS on the spoon shank has been replaced by GRATIS the words MADE IN GERMANY removed from the hinge—or at least in the illustration, as I have no physical specimen to document. If anyone has one of these, perhaps they can tell us if the hinge bears any inscription and whether the inside of the spoon has been engraved with a demonstrator cutaway?
First British Made Gratis Tool, c. 1914-21
The next version of the Gratis Tool appeared somewhere after the 1906 catalog and before the end of the Patent era. In The Peterson Pipe: The Story of Kapp & Peterson, we date the Patent era from 1891 to 1921, as the Irish Free State was formed in 1922. We did this because even though the first patent expired in 1912, the third didn't expire until 1919 and the IFS stamp would come into use by 1922, making that year a convenient turning point.
I can only conjecture that the transfer to a new and slightly different, British-made tool occurred either with the beginning of hostilities of the Great War in 1914 or not long before or after. Many of the Irish (especially in the south) had no love of Britain, but none cared much for the Axis powers. For whatever the reasons (which may be in the company's business notes), it would seem to have been prudent on many levels to transfer the manufacture of the Gratis Tool from one country to the other.
It is important to note that this version of the Gratis tool has the word PATENT in the middle of the spoon, because its successor will not.
The next and final version of the Gratis Tool was identical to the first British-made aside from the omission of the word PATENT from the middle of the spoon. I've seen this version a few times a year since I began daily study of eBay's Peterson listings back around 2009.
We know the Gratis Tool was included in System boxes in its own cellophane paper jacket at least through the 1950s but perhaps as late as 1963, when the factory discontinued bone tenons (substituting them with aluminum) and began using pressed nickel ferrules exclusively for Standard Systems (before that, some were soldered by hand).
While I like the heft of the recent generic Peterson pipe tool and love the Lagnole pipe knife, neither has a spoon, opting for a reamer instead. The reamer can be used as a spoon but without near the success. As is so often the case, Charles Peterson and the Patent-era Kapp & Peterson had it right: nickel-plated poker, tamper, spoon on a hinge with a brass grommet. Free with every Peterson System. Invincible to anything but rust and nearly impervious to that. He knew how to make the smoker happy.
It would be grand (as my Irish friends say) if K&P would bring back the Gratis Tool with every System pipe or even as a separate-purchase accessory in nickel plate or sterling. But along with the original nickel-mount marks and vulcanite mouthpieces, I think the only place we're going to find it is in the estate listings on eBay. Good luck & good hunting!
Thanks to Gary Malmberg for the "Compliments" pipe tool.
Thanks to John Schantz for a vocabulary check.
Thanks to J. S. Bach for the soundtrack.
Rath Dé ort!
*So check out Kris's fantastic selection of Petes, especially the rare ones, as he's got plenty!
Continue Reading 205. K&P's Gratis Pipe Tool: A Dating Guide


https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/14/sports/world-cup/russia-cities-stadiums.html can put your mind at ease and set the tone for your trip. So finding the right hotel room for you is vital to having a successful trip. So, gathered below are some great ways to help you as you book a hotel. Putting these tips to use will help you find the hotel you need at a price that makes you happy.
Never make the assumption that all hotels allows pets in your room. Put a call into the front desk just to be sure, no matter what it says on their website. Ask what pet-friendly means at the establishment. There may be some restrictions.
Use travel websites to find the most competitive prices for hotel chains online. Join the loyalty program for any hotel chain that you love and believe you'll stay with often. You may also qualify for discounts from other organizations you belong to such as AAA or AARP.
If you're taking a pet to the hotel, do some things beforehand. Be sure that the hotel really does allow pets. Pack a supply of plastic grocery bags with you - you will need to clean up any pet waste. Reserving a room near the end of a hallway will keep other guests from being disturbed by your pet.


I love colour and texture and am attracted to creating layered atmospheric images. I'm a massive fan of observational drawing and have been largely working to reconcile these two ways of image-making in my work on the MA.
I experiment with a wide range of materials and techniques, most recently focusing on pencil, soft pastel, screen printing and linocut, and often work digitally with textures and elements I've created.
My biggest source of inspiration is my sketchbook and my subjects are almost always rooted in something I have seen and drawn from life.
I relish capturing the sense of a place and have found myself instinctively drawn to journey narratives, differences in scale, and the relationships small children have with each other and the world around them.


Over 75 percent of Americans consider their jobs to be stressful. While specific sources of stress and the way we deal with them differ from person to person, many of us especially struggle to cope with factors that are out of our control.
Still, learning how to manage workplace stress is important because stress can pave the way for serious health conditions like asthma, obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease and even premature death. Your body will warn you if you are experiencing too much stress with physical symptoms. It is important that you listen to it and take action if you are regularly experiencing any of the following: insomnia, anxiety or depression, low morale, short temper, headaches and stomach or back problems. There are several techniques that you can take in order to manage your stress which will result in lowering your health risks and overall improving your quality of life.
Set realistic deadlines to complete projects. This will allow you to give yourself time to think projects through instead of rushing to get them done.
Create a "to-do" list in order to prioritize your workload. Finish the most pressing projects first, and then move onto the less important projects.
Think things through before you act. This will save you from having to re-do misguided projects.
Think outside the box. When you're feeling overwhelmed at work, search for alternative solutions to get the job done.
If you cannot finish a project internally, ask for help or explore outsourcing options.
For more information about how your well-being affects personal health insurance or vice versa, please feel free to contact Maria Drees or Liz Dejoode of PDCM Insurance, in Waterloo.


The consultation paper will set out proposed arrangements that aims to deliver a consistent approach to managing parking in Scotland. It invites views on how we can improve the clarity of the laws on parking, what restrictions that should be applied, the exceptions that should be granted, how those responsible can deliver an integrated approach to managing parking, how we should tackle displacement of vehicles and support town centre regeneration whilst improving accessibility for all.
In May 2015, Sandra White MSP, introduced the Footway Parking and Double Parking (Scotland) Bill. However, the Bill was not enacted into law as the Scottish Parliament did not have power to legislate on the reserved matter. The Scottish Government made a commitment in December 2015 to progress this important matter once powers on parking were devolved. On 24 March 2016, the Scotland Act 2016 received Royal Assent, and powers to legislate on parking matters were devolved to the Scottish Parliament.
Due to the complex nature of parking and level of concerns that were raised by stakeholders in relation to Ms White's Bill, the Scottish Government set out a general intention to use the powers devolved by the Scotland Act 2016 to legislate on parking. The findings of the stakeholder consultation will inform the development of the parking provisions in the Government's Bill and supporting guidance to be introduced in this Parliamentary session.


Smoohth is an on going software project undertaken by Information Age, a leading edge software development company.
The Smoohth mission statement is "making OOH easy with smart software". We are developing a suite of web based software tools for OOH media owners and agency media buyers. We work closely with owners and media buyers to design products which solve OOH problems. The feedback from media planners is that they will buy more OOH media if we can help make the process easy, quick and accountable.
Our development team is always looking for ways to improve our products, so if you need a new feature, some custom software to make your life easier or a new website contact our developers.
The first Smoohth product is the Smoohth Planner which provides a convenient, efficient environment for media professionals to plan, buy and manage OOH campaigns. This product is available to media owners and accredited agency buyers and takes the pain out of the planning, documentation and management of OOH campaigns.
Our intention in developing Smoohth is to provide a convenient, efficient environment for media professionals to plan, buy and manage OOH campaigns.