text:
Q: Trap Ctrl-D in a Ruby Script with ARGF I am currently using ARGV.gets to capture user input from the command line. I want to allow Ctrl-D terminate the script, but don't know how to do this using Signal.trap or through error handling. I tried to find a list of trap codes for something like Ctrl-D but was unable to find anything I was looking for. Likewise, rescuing Exception doesn't work because Ctrl-D doesn't raise an exception. Is there a trap code for Ctrl-D or any other way to detect this?
For example...
I am currently able to detect Ctrl-C by trapping...
# Trap ^C
Signal.trap("INT") {
   # Do something
   exit
}

or error handling...
def get_input
   input = ARGF.gets
   input.strip!
   rescue SystemExit, Interrupt => e
   # If we get here, Ctrl-C was encountered
end

However, I haven't been able to trap or detect Ctrl-D.

A: ARGF in just a special case of stream. Ctrl + D is just end of input.
With this in mind use method ARGF.eof?. Link to documentation

A: I am unsure of your use case but I am assuming you are intending to do something before the script exits. If so then your best bet is probably a bit easier than signal trapping. The Kernel Module actually offers you an #at_exit method that will be executed just prior to the program actually exiting.
Usage: (from Kernel#at_exit Docs)
def do_at_exit(str1)
  at_exit { print str1 }
end
at_exit { puts "cruel world" }
do_at_exit("goodbye ")
exit

"produces:"

goodbye cruel world

as you can see you can define multiple handlers which will be executed in reverse order when the program exits.
Since Kernel is included in Object you can handle Object specifics as well like
class People
  at_exit {puts "The #{self.name} have left"}
end
exit
# The People have left

or even on instances
p = People.new
p.send(:at_exit, &->{puts "We are leaving"})
# We are leaving
# The People have left

Additionally for more specific Object based implementations you can take a look at ObjectSpace.define_finalizer.
example of usage:
class Person
  def self.finalize(name)
    proc {puts "Goodbye Cruel World -#{name}"}
  end
  def initialize(name)
    @name = name
    ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, self.class.finalize(@name))
  end
end

Usage:
p = Person.new("engineersmnky")
exit
# Goodbye Cruel World -engineersmnky

This may not be specifically what you want as this will fire when an Object is garbage collected as well (not great for ephemeral objects) but if you have objects that should exist throughout the entire application this could still be used similar to an at_exit . Example
# requiring WeakRef to allow garbage collection
# See: https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3.3/libdoc/weakref/rdoc/WeakRef.html
require 'weakref' #
p1 = Person.new("Engineer")
p2 = Person.new("Engineer's Monkey")
p2 = WeakRef.new(p2)
GC.start # just for this example
# Goodbye Cruel World -Engineer's Monkey
#=> nil
p2
#=> WeakRef::RefError: Invalid Reference - probably recycled
exit
# Goodbye Cruel World -Engineer

As you can see the defined finalizer for p2 fired because the Person was gc'd but the program has not exited yet. p1's finalizer waited until exit to fire because it retained its reference throughout the application.


text:
Luxembourg legalises cannabis: The first domino in the EU market?
Cannabis | Public Affairs and Government Relations|August 15, 2019
Amber Ciolfe
Ever heard of gedoogbeleid? Likely not, but it's the reason you were able to toke up on your vacation to Amsterdam, Netherlands, where—surprise—cannabis is not actually legal. It's a term for the "blind eye" the Dutch authorities and government turn to the distribution and possession of cannabis and what has fooled foreigners for years into thinking their Dutch bud was "legal"—whoops!
Up until recently, the Netherlands have held the standard for what relaxed drug laws look like in Europe, but this month, Luxembourg raised the bar and announced plans to be the first country in the European Union (EU) to legalize cannabis.
Perhaps the most surprising insight from this announcement is the reasoning behind it. Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Economy and Minister of Health Étienne Schneider said the change comes from observations within the government that acknowledge the current legal framework around cannabis hasn't been successful.
"After decades of repressive policies, we have acknowledged that this policy does not work, that it did not meet expectations. So it's time to change mindsets, change our concepts and try something else," said Schneider.
So, move over Netherlands. Looks like Luxembourg might be the real MVP.
While most of Europe's rules still remain conservative, we've seen some countries take their first step towards legalization, with Germany, Italy, Portugal, the Netherlands and U.K. all legalizing medical cannabis, while France and Spain are on track to follow suit.
Despite this, Schneider has been clear that Luxembourg doesn't intend to meddle in the national policies of their European neighbours, but he hopes to have a "positive impact." Over the coming months, he will meet with his counterparts, including those in France, Belgium and Germany, to discuss Luxembourg's new drug policy and his observations of the cannabis industry in Canada and in the U.S.
Schneider hopes "all of us will get a more open-minded attitude toward drugs," which begs an important question: will the changes in Luxembourg mark a shift to a more progressive outlook in Europe?
Will this be a turning point for the EU? Maybe this is the first domino of many that leads to the opening of the biggest cannabis market in the world.
Only time will tell. But as it stands, there is little harmony across the EU and navigating the various regulations requires finding a trusted partner who has an in-depth understanding of the governmental, social and economic forces at play.
As part of the AVENIR GLOBAL network, NATIONAL's extensive Public Affairs practice is connected to partner offices in Europe and across the world. Our cannabis industry experts can provide you with the strategy and insights you need to expand into, invest in and navigate the ever-changing cannabis market in the EU.
——— Amber Ciolfe is a former Consultant at NATIONAL Public Relations
Written by Kristi McKee
Marketing a budding industry: restrictions and regulations in cannabis

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This article is about the fish that fall under the term tilapia in common usage. For species belonging to the genus Tilapia, see Tilapia (genus).
Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Global harvest of tilapia in million tonnes as reported by the FAO, 1950–2009[1]
Tilapia (/tɪˈlɑːpiə/ tih-LAH-pee-ə) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the tilapiine cichlid tribe. Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in brackish water. Historically, they have been of major importance in artisanal fishing in Africa, and they are of increasing importance in aquaculture and aquaponics. Tilapia can become a problematic invasive species in new warm-water habitats such as Australia,[2] whether deliberately or accidentally introduced, but generally not in temperate climates due to their inability to survive in cold water.
Tilapia is the fourth-most consumed fish in the United States dating back to 2002. The popularity of tilapia came about due to its low price, easy preparation, and mild taste.[3]
4.1 Exotic and invasive species
4.2 Aquarium species
4.3 Commercial species
4.3.1 Wild species
4.3.2 Aquaculture
5 As food
6 Miscellaneous uses
7 Parasites
The Tomb of Nakht, from 1500 BC, contains a tilapia hieroglyph just above the head of the central figure.
The aquaculture of Nile tilapia goes back to Ancient Egypt, where it was represented by the hieroglyph K1, of the Gardiner list.
Tilapia was a symbol of rebirth in Egyptian art, and was in addition associated with Hathor. It was also said to accompany and protect the sun god on his daily journey across the sky. Tilapia painted on tomb walls, reminds us of spell 15 of the Book of the Dead by which the deceased hopes to take his place in the sun boat: "You see the tilapia in its [true] form at the turquoise pool", and "I behold the tilapia in its [true] nature guiding the speedy boat in its waters."[4]
Tilapia were one of the three main types of fish caught in Talmudic times from the Sea of Galilee, specifically the Galilean comb (Tilapia galilea). Today, in Modern Hebrew, the fish species is called amnoon (suggested derivative: am "mother" + noon "fish"). In English, it is sometimes known by the name "St. Peter's fish", which comes from the story in the Gospel of Matthew about the apostle Peter catching a fish that carried a coin in its mouth, though the passage does not name the fish.[5] While the name also applies to Zeus faber, a marine fish not found in the area, a few tilapia species (Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus, Paratilapia sacer, and others) are found in the Sea of Galilee, where the author of the Gospel of Matthew recounts the event took place. These species have been the target of small-scale artisanal fisheries in the area for thousands of years.[6][7]
The common name 'tilapia' is based on the name of the cichlid genus Tilapia, which is itself a latinization of thlapi, the Tswana word for "fish".[8] Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith named the genus in 1840.[9] Tilapia is the official fish of the state of India.
Characteristics[edit]
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Tilapia typically have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Like other cichlids, their lower pharyngeal bones are fused into a single tooth-bearing structure. A complex set of muscles allows the upper and lower pharyngeal bones to be used as a second set of jaws for processing food (cf. morays), allowing a division of labor between the "true jaws" (mandibles) and the "pharyngeal jaws". This means they are efficient feeders that can capture and process a wide variety of food items.[10] Their mouths are protrusible, usually bordered with wide and often swollen lips. The jaws have conical teeth. Typically, tilapia have a long dorsal fin, and a lateral line which often breaks towards the end of the dorsal fin, and starts again two or three rows of scales below. Some Nile tilapia can grow as long as 2.0 ft.[11]
Other than their temperature sensitivity, tilapia exist in or can adapt to a very wide range of conditions. An extreme example is the Salton Sea, where tilapia introduced when the water was merely brackish now live in salt concentrations so high that other marine fish cannot survive.[12]
Tilapia are also known to be a mouth-breeding species, which means they carry the fertilized eggs and young fish in their mouths for several days after the yolk sac is absorbed.[11]
Men fishing for tilapia
Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Giant kingfisher with tilapia
Lake Naivasha
African fish eagle with tilapia
Species[edit]
Tilapia as a common name has been applied to various cichlids from three distinct genera: Oreochromis,[13] Sarotherodon,[14] and Tilapia.[15] The members of the other two genera used to belong to the genus Tilapia, but have since been split off into their own genera. However, particular species within are still commonly called "tilapia" regardless of the change in their actual taxonomic nomenclature.
The delimitation of these genera among each other and to other tilapiines requires more research; mitochondrial DNA sequences are confounded because at least among the species of any one genus, frequent hybridization occurs. The species remaining in Tilapia in particular still seem to be a paraphyletic assemblage.[16]
Exotic and invasive species[edit]
See also: Tilapia as exotic species
Tilapia have been used as biological controls for certain aquatic plant problems. They have a preference for a floating aquatic plant, duckweed (Lemna sp.) but also consume some filamentous algae.[17] In Kenya, tilapia were introduced to control mosquitoes, which were causing malaria, because they consume mosquito larvae, consequently reducing the numbers of adult female mosquitoes, the vector of the disease.[18] These benefits are, however, frequently outweighed by the negative aspects of tilapia as an invasive species.[19]
Tilapia are unable to survive in temperate climates because they require warm water. The pure strain of the blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, has the greatest cold tolerance and dies at 45 °F (7 °C), while all other species of tilapia die at a range of 52 to 62 °F (11 to 17 °C). As a result, they cannot invade temperate habitats and disrupt native ecologies in temperate zones; however, they have spread widely beyond their points of introduction in many fresh and brackish tropical and subtropical habitats, often disrupting native species significantly.[20] Because of this, tilapia are on the IUCN's 100 of the World's Worst Alien Invasive Species list.[21] In the United States, tilapia are found in much of the south, especially Florida and Texas, and as far north as Idaho, where they survive in power-plant discharge zones.[22] Tilapia are also currently stocked in the Phoenix, Arizona canal system as an algal growth-control measure. Many state fish and wildlife agencies in the United States, Australia, South Africa, and elsewhere consider them to be invasive species.[23]
Aquarium species[edit]
Larger tilapia species are generally poor community aquarium fish because they eat plants, dig up the bottom, and race with other fish. However, the larger species are often raised as a food source, because they grow rapidly and tolerate high stocking densities and poor water quality.
Smaller West African species, such as T. joka and species from the crater lakes of Cameroon, are more popular. In specialised cichlid aquaria, tilapia can be mixed successfully with nonterritorial cichlids, armored catfish, tinfoil barbs, garpike, and other robust and dangerous fish. Some species, including Tilapia buttikoferi, Tilapia rendalli, Tilapia mariae, T. joka and the brackish-water Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron, have attractive patterns and are quite decorative.[24]
This article is part of a series on
Commercial fish
Large pelagic
Demersal
Commercial species[edit]
The tilapiines of North Africa are the most important commercial cichlids. Fast-growing, tolerant of stocking density, and adaptable, they have been introduced to and are farmed extensively in many parts of Asia and are increasingly common aquaculture targets elsewhere.
Principal commercial tilapia species
Trophic
IUCN status
Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) 60 cm cm 4.324 kg 9 years 2.0 [25] [26][27] [28] Not assessed
Blue tilapia - Oreochromis aureus
(Steindachner, 1864) 45.7 cm 16 cm 2.010 kg years 2.1 [29] [30] Not assessed
Nile tilapia + blue tilapia hybrid cm cm kg years
Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) 39 cm 35 cm 1.130 kg 11 years 2.0 [31] [32] [33] Near threatened[34]
Global harvest of tilapia species in million tonnes
as reported by the FAO, 1950–2009 [35]
↑ Wild capture
↑ Aquaculture production
Wild species[edit]
Aquaculture[edit]
Main article: Aquaculture of tilapia
Red nile tilapia under experimentation in CLSU, Philippines
Farmed tilapia production in 2002 worldwide was about 1.5 million tonnes (1.5 million long tons; 1.7 million short tons) annually, with an estimated value of US$1.8 billion,[36] about equal to those of salmon and trout.
Unlike carnivorous fish, tilapia can feed on algae or any plant-based food. This reduces the cost of tilapia farming, reduces fishing pressure on prey species, avoids concentrating toxins that accumulate at higher levels of the food chain, and makes tilapia the preferred "aquatic chickens" of the trade.[37]
Because of their large size, rapid growth, and palatability, tilapiine cichlids are the focus of major farming efforts, specifically various species of Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, and Tilapia. Like other large fish, they are a good source of protein and popular among artisanal and commercial fisheries. Most such fisheries were originally found in Africa, but outdoor fish farms in tropical countries, such as Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Indonesia, are underway in freshwater lakes.[38] In temperate zone localities, tilapiine farming operations require energy to warm the water to tropical temperatures. One method uses waste heat from factories and power stations.[39]
At 1.3 million tonnes per annum, China is the largest tilapia producer in the world, followed by Egypt with 0.5 million.[40] The US, by comparison, produces 10 thousand tonnes against a consumption of 2.5 million.[35]
In modern aquaculture, wild-type Nile tilapia are not too often seen, as the dark color of their flesh is not much desired by many customers, and because it has a bit of a reputation of being a rough fish associated with poverty.[41] However, they are fast-growing and give good fillets; leucistic ("red") breeds which have lighter meat have been developed and are very popular.
Hybrid stock is also used in aquaculture; Nile × blue tilapia hybrids are usually rather dark, but a light-colored hybrid breed known as "Rocky Mountain White" tilapia is often grown due to its very light flesh and tolerance of low temperatures.[41]
Commercially grown tilapia are almost exclusively male. Because tilapia are prolific breeders, the presence of female tilapia results in rapidly increasing populations of small fish, rather than a stable population of harvest-size animals.[42]
Other methods of tilapia population control are polyculture, with predators farmed alongside tilapia or hybridization with other species.[43]
As food[edit]
Escabeche fresh tilapia
Redbelly tilapia, Tilapia zillii ("St. Peter's fish") from the Sea of Galilee served in a Tiberias restaurant
Whole tilapia fish can be processed[44] into skinless, boneless (pin-bone[clarification needed] out) fillets: the yield is from 30 to 37%, depending on fillet size and final trim.[45][46]
Tilapia is one of several commercially important aquaculture species (including trout, barramundi and channel catfish) susceptible to off flavors. These 'muddy' or 'musty' flavors are normally caused by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, organic products of ubiquitous cyanobacteria that are often present or bloom sporadically in water bodies and soil.[47] These flavors are no indication of freshness or safety of the fish, but they make the product unattractive to consumers. Simple quality control procedures are known to be effective in ensuring the quality of fish entering the market.
Tilapia have very low levels of mercury,[48] as they are fast-growing, lean, and short-lived, with a primarily vegetarian diet, so do not accumulate mercury found in prey.[49] Tilapia are low in saturated fat, calories, carbohydrates, and sodium, and are a good protein source. They also contain the micronutrients phosphorus, niacin, selenium, vitamin B12, and potassium.[50]
Some research has found that tilapia may be a less nutritious fish than generally believed. The Wake Forest University School of Medicine released a report in 2008 showing that the fish's omega-3 fatty acid content is often far lower than that of other commonly eaten fish species. The same study also showed that their omega-6 fatty acid levels were unusually high. Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of adding flaxseed derivatives (a vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids) to the feed of farmed tilapia. These studies have found both the more common omega-3 fatty acid found in the flax, ALA and the two types almost unique to animal sources (DHA and EPA), increased in the fish fed this diet.[51][52] Guided by these findings, tilapia farming techniques could be adjusted to address the nutritional criticisms directed at the fish while retaining its advantage as an omnivore capable of feeding on economically and environmentally inexpensive vegetable protein. Adequate diets for salmon and other carnivorous fish can alternatively be formulated from protein sources such as soybean, although soy-based diets may also change in the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.[53]
Miscellaneous uses[edit]
Tilapia, young and mature, of Tamil Nadu
Tilapia serve as a natural, biological control for most aquatic plant problems. Tilapia consume floating aquatic plants, such as duckweed watermeal (Lemna sp.), most "undesirable" submerged plants, and most forms of algae.[54] In the United States and countries such as Thailand, they are becoming the plant-control method of choice, reducing or eliminating the use of toxic chemicals and heavy metal-based algaecides.
Tilapia rarely compete with other "pond" fish for food. Instead, because they consume plants and nutrients unused by other fish species and substantially reduce oxygen-depleting detritus, adding tilapia often increases the population, size, and health of other fish. They are used for zoo ponds as a source of food for birds.
Tilapia can be farmed together with shrimp in a symbiotic manner, positively enhancing the productive output of both.[citation needed]
Arkansas stocks many public ponds and lakes to help with vegetation control, favoring tilapia as a robust forage species and for anglers.
In Kenya, tilapia help control mosquitoes which carry malaria parasites. They consume mosquito larvae, which reduces the numbers of adult females, the disease's vector.[18]
In Brazil, tilapia fish skin applied as a bandage is being used in a new clinical trial to treat burn injuries.[55] In the United States, tilapia skin has been used to successfully treat third-degree wounds to the paws of two black bears caught in California's Thomas wildfire,[56][57] and also to treat burns on the paws of a black bear from California's Carr wildfire.[58]
Parasites[edit]
As with most fish, tilapia harbor a variety of parasites. For the monogeneans, these especially include species of the megadiverse genus Cichlidogyrus, which are gill parasites. Species of Enterogyrus are parasites in the digestive system. Tilapia, as important aquaculture fishes, have been introduced widely all over the world, and often carried their monogenean parasites with them. In South China, a 2019 study has shown that nine species of monogeneans were carried by introduced tilapia.[59]
Tilapia in aquaculture
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^ "Tilapia". Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.
^ "Tilapia | Seafood Health Facts". www.seafoodhealthfacts.org. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
^ Gay Robin: Women in ancient Egypt (p. 188), British museum press, 1993, ISBN 0-7141-0956-8
^ Matthew 17:24–27
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^ Chapman, Frank A. (July 1992). "Culture of Hybrid Tilapia: A Reference Profile". Circular 1051. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
^ "Genera Summary: Tilapia". Catalog of Fish – W. N. Eschmeyer; California Academy of Sciences. FishBase. June 2007. Archived from the original on 2000-10-27. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
^ Loiselle, P.V. (1994). The Cichlid Aquarium. Tetra Press. ISBN 1-56465-146-0.
^ a b "What Is the Origin of Tilapia Fish?". Retrieved 2017-02-01.
^ Science and the CSU
The Salton Sea: Fishing for Answers
A half-century later, a few species of fish have been hearty enough to survive. One of them is the tilapia and it's key to the survival of the Salton's ecosystem, which includes millions of birds that depend on them for food...
"The salinity level of the Salton Sea is about 45 parts per thousand (ppt), which is about 30% saltier than the ocean"
^ "Oreochromis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 16 August 2007.
^ "Sarotherodon". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 16 August 2007.
^ "Tilapia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 16 August 2007.
^ Nagl, Sandra; Herbet Tichy; Werner E. Mayer; Irene E. Samonte; Brendan J. McAndrew; Jan Klein (2001). "Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 20 (3): 361–374. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0979. PMID 11527464.
^ John W. Cross (2013-08-13). "Aquatic Weed Control". Mobot.org. Retrieved 2013-09-14.
^ a b Petr, T (2000). "Interactions between fish and aquatic macrophytes in inland waters. A review". FAO Fisheries Technical Papers. 396.
^ "Oreochromis aureus". Retrieved 25 April 2015.
^ "Global Invasive Species Programme, Invasive Species Information, Tilapia". Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "100 of the World's Worst Alien Invasive Species". Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species". USGS. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
^ "Oreochromis mossambicus (fish)". Global Invasive Species Database. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "Keeping Tilapia in Aquariums". Tilapia. AC Tropical Fish. 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Oreochromis niloticus" in FishBase. September 2012 version.
^ "Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)". Species Fact Sheet. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "Oreochromis niloticus". Cultured Aquatic Species. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "Oreochromis niloticus". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Oreochromis aureus" in FishBase. September 2012 version.
^ "Oreochromis aureus". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Oreochromis mossambicus" in FishBase. September 2012 version.
^ "Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)". Species Fact Sheet. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^ "Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^ Herdson D & Priede I (2011). "Oreochromis mossambicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^ a b Based on data sourced from the FishStat database
^ De Silva, S.S; Subasinghe, R.P.; Bartley, D.M.; Lowther, A. (2004). "Tilapias as Alien Aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: A Review". FAO Fisheries Technical Paper – No. 453. Archived from the original on 17 February 2008.
^ Barlow, G. W. (2000). The Cichlid Fishes. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 0-7382-0376-9.
^ "Title unknown". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from the original on May 17, 2006.
^ "GO FISH, Egyptian Style". Ag Innovation News. Agricultural Utilization Research Institute. [failed verification]
^ "Finding more fish, between Egypt and Vietnam". eco-business.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ a b "Tilapia Aquaculture". Miami Aqua-culture, Inc. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "Fact about Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis spp.)". Retrieved 2012-09-15. [unreliable source?]
^ Prein, M. H. (1993). "Multivariate Methods in Aquaculture Research: Case Studies of Tilapia in Experimental and Commercial Systems". Manilla: ICLARM.
^ "Whole Fish to Fillet (HACCP procedures videos of Tilapia fillet processing)". Retrieved 2012-09-15. [unreliable source?]
^ "Different Processing Styles of Tilapia Fillets". Retrieved 2012-09-15. [unreliable source?]
^ "Title unknown". Tropical Aquaculture Products, Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2012-09-15. [unreliable source?]
^ Robin, Joël; Cravedi, Jean-Pierre; Hillenweck, Anne; Deshayes, Cyrille; Vallod, Dominique (2006). "Off flavor characterization and origin in French trout farming". Aquaculture. 260: 128. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.058.
^ Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990–2010) fda.gov
^ "Nutritional Facts". Tropical Aquaculture Products, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-04-27. Retrieved 2012-05-17. [unreliable source?]
^ "Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Fish, tilapia, cooked, dry heat". Retrieved 2014-01-26.
^ Shapira, N; et al. (March 2009). "n-3 PUFA fortification of high n-6 PUFA farmed tilapia with linseed could significantly increase dietary contribution and support nutritional expectations of fish". J. Agric. Food Chem. 57: 2249–2254. doi:10.1021/jf8029258. PMID 19243170. (subscription required)
^ Aguiar, AC; et al. (September 2007). "Effect of flaxseed oil in diet on fatty acid composition in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)". Arch Latinoam Nutr. 57 (3): 273–277. PMID 18271406.
^ Espe, Marit; et al. (May 2006). "Can Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) grow on diets devoid of fish meal?". Aquaculture. 255: 255–262. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.030. (subscription required)
^ Cross, John W. "Aquatic Weed Control". The Charms of Duckweed. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
^ "Why this Brazilian city uses tilapia fish skin to treat burn victims". PBS. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
^ "Two bears were badly burned in wildfires, and fish skin helped heal them". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
^ "Bears Burned in California Wildfires Healed With Fish Skins, Released to Wild". UC Davis. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
^ "WILDFIRES: Bear Treated With Fish Skins; Firefighters Return". UC Davis. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
^ Zhang, Shuai; Zhi, Tingting; Xu, Xiangli; Zheng, Yingying; Bilong Bilong, Charles Félix; Pariselle, Antoine; Yang, Tingbao (2019). "Monogenean fauna of alien tilapias (Cichlidae) in south China". Parasite. 26: 4. doi:10.1051/parasite/2019003. ISSN 1776-1042. PMID 30714897.
Logan, Cheryl A.; Alter, S. Elizabeth; Haupt, Alison J.; Tomalty, Katharine; Palumbi, Stephen R. (2008). "An impediment to consumer choice: Overfished species are sold as Pacific red snapper". Biological Conservation. 141 (6): 1591–1599. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.007. ISSN 0006-3207.
FAO Fishery Information, Data & Statistics Service (1993). "Aquaculture production (1985-1991)". FAO Fisheries Circular. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 815: 20–21.
Trewavas, Ethelwynn (1983). Tilapiine fish of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. London: British Museum (Natural History). ISBN 0-565-00878-1.
McCrary, Jeffrey K; Castro, Mark; McKaye, Kenneth R. (2005). "Mercury in Fish From Two Nicarguan Lakes: A Recommendation for Increased Monitoring of Fish for International Commerce" (PDF). Environmental Pollution. pp. 513–518. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-03.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tilapia (food).
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&oldid=904975747"
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The freezing weather that has gripped Merseyside over the last few days will continue through today with temperatures struggling to reach above freezing.
Snow and ice has caused problems across the region during Wednesday and Thursday.
The snow on Wednesday caused Liverpool Airport to shut as workers raced to clear the runway to allow flights to take off.
Temperatures in Scotland fell to -14.4C during the early hours of Thursday.
Which was the coldest temperature recorded across the UK since February 2012.
Today temperatures will remain around 2C with the wind chill making it feel closer to -5C on Merseyside.
There's a further risk of ice tonight and into tomorrow morning as temperatures drop below freezing.
The Met Office said: "Clear and cold overnight with another severe frost and the risk of ice.


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Masahiko Terao, Junji Watanabe, Akihiro Yagi, Shin'ya Nishida; Improvement of chromatic temporal resolution during smooth pursuit eye movement. Journal of Vision 2008;8(6):663. doi: 10.1167/8.6.663.
When image motion is produced on the retina either by an objects' movements or movements of an observer's eyes, temporal signal integration in subsequent processing could lead to image motion blur. Nevertheless, the perceived image appears to be relatively clear. One mechanism possibly responsible for this motion deblurring is neural integration of visual signals along the motion trajectory, as well as at the same retinal location. In agreement with this hypothesis, different colors presented at the same retinal location, but along separate motion trajectories, are veridically segregated more than expected from local chromatic flicker fusion (Watanabe & Nishida, 2007). Here we report that this improvement of temporal resolution, which had been demonstrated only for object movements, is further enhanced when observers view physically stationary patterns while making smooth pursuit eye movements. We presented on a dark background two arrays of evenly-spaced yellow bars, one above and the other below the fixation point. In the pursuit condition, the fixation point moved at 16 deg/s for 20 deg from the left end to the right end of the CRT screen. When the fixation point reached the screen center area, one of the arrays briefly changed into a red-green alternating grating. The observers had to indicate in which array the color change occurred. The retinal red-green alternation rate varied between 13.3 to 27.1 Hz depending on the inter-bar spacing. In the object-motion condition, the observers viewed moving bar arrays while fixating on a stationary point, and detected a similar color change. The result shows that the detection of a red-green signal, which requires temporal resolution of the two colors, is better in the pursuit condition than in the object-motion condition. This indicates that motion deblurring during pursuit not only suppresses subjective blur (Bedell & Rott, 1996), but also improves objective temporal resolution.
M.T. is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.


text:
Punjab confiscates assets of JuD, FIF as part of crackdown on banned groups
RAWALPINDI -- The Punjab government Tuesday (March 5) seized at least two seminaries and other property belonging to the banned Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) and its charity wing, the Falah-i-Insaniyat Foundation (FIF), as part of a nationwide crackdown, Dawn reported.
The Pakistani government Monday (March 4) announced the crackdown on banned militant groups under the counter-terrorism National Action Plan (NAP).
Authorities took over the JuD seminaries in Chakwal District -- Madrassa Khalid Bin Waleed in the Talagang area and Madrassa Darus Salam on Railway Road.
The seminaries along with their staff were placed under the control of the Punjab Auqaf and Religious Affairs Department. The Punjab government appointed administrators at the seminaries.
Officials in Attock District seized three other properties belonging to the banned groups.
India says that they have been attacked by Pakistan, but it has no proof and our government is busy in taking action against people of their own country. Hahahaha lol
| Crime & Justice
KP authorities seize assets of terror-linked group, charity
The move aims to stop the operations of the proscribed Jamaat-ud-Dawa, led by Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, and its charity wing, Falah-i-Insaniyat Foundation.
| Security
Authorities seize property and arrest militants amid intensifying crackdown
'We have to take action because Pakistan cannot afford to have terror outfits on its soil,' said Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry.
Crackdown on banned militant groups sees action against JuD, JeM
However, some Pakistani analysts are calling for more stringent measures against the banned groups.


Slow motion Video analysis outside ( not on a treadmill) from 3 perspectives along with video of functional movements to identify any asymmetries that keep you from top performance or that can lead to injury.
Analysis of triplanar Core strength needed to be a successful runner.
Analysis of specific range of motion in key areas needed to run efficiently.
Personal exercise prescription to help eliminate the deficits identified in your analysis that hold you back from peak performance and that can lead to injury.
The instructions I received at the Peak Performance Running Analysis has improved my running. By filming the way I ran then having it evaluated, pointed out how I was inefficient. In Balance Physical Therapy showed me a better way to run along with strength exercises. Wow! was the reaction after the first run. I now felt that I was running with less effort and I tired less. Looking forward to the running season.


text:
Home / Celebrity /
Kanye West Just Covered His Entire Body in Silver Paint and Fans Have a Lot to Say About This
Bre Williams
Kanye West definitely knows how to turn heads with his fashion choices.
This past weekend, the rapper took many people by surprise after he stepped out in Miami donning an all-silver outfit for his brand new opera, Mary.
Kanye West | Timothy Norris/Getty Images for Coachella
Not only did he sport a silver jumpsuit-like robe, West went even further by covering his entire face in silver paint, taking the idea of dripping in silver to a whole new level.
West went all out for his latest opera performance
If you thought Yeezy merchandise was a little out there, just wait until you catch a glimpse of West's latest performance getup.
On December 8, the Jesus Is King rapper turned heads while visiting the Marine Stadium in Miami, Florida donning a head-to-toe silver look for the premiere of his brand new opera, Mary.
Kanye West in a head-to-toe chrome look for Miami performance. pic.twitter.com/VrppbqYwpu
— Pop Crave (@PopCraveMusic) December 9, 2019
The star stepped out in a billowing silver jumpsuit-like robe as well as a full face of silver paint in order to make this opera performance something the audience would never forget.
Seeing as though Ye didn't appear in his first opera, Nebuchadnezzar, he decided to do things a little differently this time around by taking on the lead role in Mary, which re-tells the story of Jesus' birth.
Though West definitely was a showstopper in this look, he wasn't the only one dripping in silver during the opera.
It turns out that all of the supporting characters and performers also donned head-to-toe silver ensembles, which made them look like walking Christmas ornaments.
While the looks were definitely out there, the opera didn't disappoint in the slightest.
According to Pitchfork, the performance took place on floating barges and featured several of Kanye's older tracks such as, "Devil in a New Dress," "Love Lockdown," "I Thought About Killing You," "Can't Tell Me Nothing," and "Power," as well as a few Christmas classics.
Fans are hilariously roasting West for his robot-like appearance
When it comes to Kanye West, many of us are used to him showcasing his unique style in the public eye.
The rapper hasn't been afraid to step out of the box when fashion is involved and his all-silver getup further proves just how much he enjoys standing out in a crowd.
Though West has donned many—and we mean many—interesting styles over the years, nothing will ever be able to top this all-silver ensemble.
After photos of his Mary opera costume surfaced online, fans immediately took to Twitter to roast the rapper for his unique/unexpected performance look.
"If Silver Lining was a person! Kanye West…" one fan tweeted.
Some have even speculated that Ye drew some inspiration from the Marvel Comics superhero Silver Surfer, who's known for his metallic uniform.
"Alexa play Silver Surfer by Kanye West," a Twitter user joked.
"@kanyewest really out here looking like the silver surfer," another fan wrote.
"Marvel looking to cast Kanye West to play the Silver Surfer," one person noted.
Though many fans still can't get over West's chrome appearance, it seems like he was just living his best life covered in silver.


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What's going ON in this mansion!?
Grab your materia and ready your chocobo listeners, we're headed to Gaia! This week on the EXP Podcast, we kick off the first in an ongoing debrief of Final Fantasy VII. If you are playing along with us (and you really should!), this episode reviews the beginning of the game through escaping Midgar. It's a renowned introduction to a game world - and for good reason.
Give it a listen and send us your thoughts via email. We'd love to know about your memories and experiences with Final Fantasy VII!
April showers bring the bite of cold steel.
The sun is shining, the birds are chirping, the katana are thirsty for blood, and we're playing some video games! This week we do a quick check in on some of the games we've been playing over the past few weeks. It's been a busy first quarter of the year apparently, as we're covering everything from FAR: Lone Sails, The Liar Princess and the Blind Prince, Baba is You, The Division 2, and (of course) Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice.


SOUTH BEND -- When South Bend hitter Trey Hendricks faced a one-ball, two-strike count with two out and the bases loaded in the bottom of the eighth inning, that's when South Bend hitting coach Todd Dunwoody felt confident. Two strikes means trouble to most hitters. To Hendricks, it means trouble for the other team. Hendricks hammered a 1-2 fastball into the gap in right-center field for a double, scoring three runs in the bottom of the eighth inning to wipe out a 2-1 Dayton lead and give South Bend a 4-2 minor-league baseball victory Saturday night at Coveleski Stadium. South Bend, an Arizona Diamondbacks' farm team, hosts Dayton, a Cincinnati Reds farm team, today at 1:30 p.m. in the series finale. Manny Ferrer singled to start the eighth inning for South Bend, and then Justin Upton was hit by a pitch by Dayton reliever Blake Hendley with two out. Will Crouch coaxed a walk, and then Hendricks delivered his bases-clearing double. "When I get two strikes, I try to shorten everything up," Hendricks explained. "Less than two strikes, I get a little jumpy trying to hit the ball too far. "(Coach Dunwoody) tells me every day to take a two-strike approach up to the plate from the start. When I do get two strikes, I don't worry. I just think about protecting the plate, fouling off tough pitches and waiting for the pitcher to lay one in there." Former Notre Dame star Ryan Doherty picked up the win in relief for South Bend. Doherty pitched 2?240-208? innings, giving up one hit and striking out two. Kyler Newby earned the save for the Silver Hawks, pitching a perfect ninth inning. South Bend took a 1-0 lead in the second inning when Orlando Mercado doubled and then scored when Dayton second baseman Mike DeJesus mishandled a grounder his by Manny Ferrer. Habelito Hernandez of Dayton cranked a homer over the left-field fence in the sixth inning to knot the score at 1-1. Craig Tatum helped the Dragons gain a 2-1 lead later in the sixth inning, when he singled, stole second with two outs, and then scored on a bloop single to right by DeJesus. South Bend starting pitcher Kyle Wright worked 5?254-240? innings and gave up two runs (both earned), seven hits and one walk. Wright struck out six. "He did a great job," South Bend manager Mark Haley said of Wright. "We knew that (Hernandez) hits a first-pitch fastball, and he threw him a first-pitch fastball, and we re-affirmed the situation to him, but he threw well. For a guy who is spot-starting because he's filling in for (Eduardo Baeza), he's given us two good outings. He's done more than his job. "He's a great one out of the pen, but right now, we have to wonder if maybe he can start, too. That's a good situation to have, to know that if someone goes down, he can step in, or if somebody gets promoted, he could be a starter for us."
DAYTON SOUTH BEND abrhbi abrhbiSzymanski cf4000Ciriaco ss3010Bruce rf4010Septimo rf4000Griffin dh4010Upton cf3100Hernandez 1b4121Crouch dh3100Eymann ss4000Hndrks 1b4023Tatum 24120Mrcado c4110DeJesus 2b3011Thomsn lf3000Reininger 3b4010Mena 3b2010Holden lf3000Ferrer 2b3110Totals34282Totals29463Dayton000002000-- 2South Bend01000003x-- 4E -- DeJesus, Upton, Ciriaco. LOB -- Dayton 6, South Bend 5. 2B -- Bruce (14), Mercado (8), Hendricks (9). HR -- Hernandez (2). IPHRERBBSODayton Wood531011Manuel2 2/321101Hendley (L, 1-1)1/312210South Bend Wright5 2/372216Doherty (W, 4-0)2 1/310002Newby (S)100020T -- 2:32. Tickets sold -- 1,894.


text:
"Suit: If they did their job, kids'd be alive"
May 9, 2017 | News
The following is the text of an article printed today in the Philadelphia Daily News and Philadelphia Inquirer newspapers.
Click here for a pdf of the Daily News article; for the Inquirer article, click here.
By Julia Terruso
Anthony Singleton lies awake most nights haunted by questions of what he could have done to prevent the death of his infant son and 3-year-old stepdaughter. He searches for signs he might have
missed in the behavior of his wife, who is charged with killing them.
"I thought she was all right," Singleton said last week. "This would be the last thing I thought she would do.The very last thing."
Singleton, 59, is suing the child welfare agency Turning Points for Children, a DHS contractor, that facilitated the reunification of his son, St. Leo, and stepdaughter, Ariel, with their mother, Sophia Hines. Hines is charged with smothering the children with a bedsheet in June 2016. She was ruled mentally incompetent to stand trial and is being held in a psychiatric facility in Florida.
The lawsuit, filed Monday, alleges that Turning Points, which was providing services to the family, failed to consult with Department of Human Services psychologists or review Hines' medical information before recommending that the court release the children back into her custody. Hines was on medication for an underlying psychiatric condition and suffering from postpartum depression, according to an agency review of the deaths.
"If they did their job, these kids would be alive today," said attorney Michael Shaffer,who is representing Singleton with his law partner Michael Gaier. "Anthony is not an expert.He's not a psychiatrist. He does not have the ability to evaluate what's appropriate for reunification.That's their job."
The suit alleges negligence and wrongful death, and seeks damages for Singleton on behalf of his son and for four relatives of Hines' on behalf of her daughter. Turning Points CEO Michael
Vogel said Monday he could not comment on pending litigation. A review of the deaths found Hines had not signed consent to enable the agency to obtain her medical records.
"Turning Points for Children is deeply saddened by the tragic deaths of these children last year," Vogel said. "Our work in caring for and supporting children and families is challenging and complex, and while we cannot comment on open litigation or specific case details,we continue to stay focused on working closely with DHS to ensure the safety of all children and families
in our community."
Singleton, a former Marine who works as a traffic flagger, met Hines, who emigrated from Jamaica, in 2015. Hines already had her then-2-year-old daughter, Ariel,whom Singleton called "the
smartest little girl in the world."
"I've never seen a kid so young that remembers that much," Singleton said. "She was like a tape recorder. You told her you were going to do something, she remembered."
When Hines got pregnant with St.Leo, something shifted, Singleton said. She moved out of Singleton's home and into a shelter. Ten days after giving birth, she brought both of her children to
Einstein Medical Center, saying she was depressed and overwhelmed.
The children were placed in foster care for six months, during which Hines and Singleton reunited and got married at a small ceremony at their home in Frankford. Singleton said that he wanted
Hines to know he was fully committed to his new son and stepdaughter, and that he accompanied her to scheduled visits with the kids. Things seemed to be better between them, he said.
"I loved her, and I thought that was the right thing to do," he said. "I learned the hard way that you can't get married for anything other than love."
In April 2016, Turning Points recommended to Family Court that Hines regain custody. It was later revealed in a review of the case that the agency did so without conducting a parenting-capacity
evaluation and thus without knowledge of Hines' mental health status. The reunification was based in part on a letter from a social work intern who knew Hines for less than a month.
Singleton said that if Hines was exhibiting signs of distress at the time, he missed them. He was working 12-hour days, and the couple were living together off and on.
Shaffer said his case will show the children were returned too soon.
"She tried to do the best she could when she took the kids back to Einstein initially. She told them, 'I'm in over my head here, help me,' " Shaffer said. "Then it's their job to appropriately reunify.
I wish I could say they did a bad job. They didn't do anything on the checklist they were supposed to do, and it's very clear reunification never should have happened —she was clearly not ready."
In mid-May, Hines told Singleton she was going to visit her brother in Queens, New York City. Instead, she took the children, via bus, to Miramar, Fla., where she stayed with a cousin. When she didn't answer Singleton's calls, he became alarmed.
On June 9, police responded to Hines' cousin's home and found both children unresponsive, lying side by side on a bed. Hines admitted to killing the children in an interview with police in which she answered few questions and appeared catatonic, according to police reports. The report said Hines had scratches on her face, which indicate Ariel, whom she said she killed second, fought back.
After finding out about his son's death, Singleton flew to Florida to identify the bodies and bring them home.
He said he couldn't work for nearly a year because of the shock. Now he regularly visits a psychiatrist at the Department of Veterans Affairs, and relies on his West Philadelphia church community
and the distraction of his job.
He said he hopes the lawsuit promotes more diligence on the part of the agencies charged with protecting children.
"I just wanted justice for the kids. It wasn't any more than that. I felt really that they were wrong, and I said if somebody's responsible for that, make them know they were wrong so this
won't happen to anyone else."


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The mission of U5 is to present 5th EDITION rules for use in non-fantasy settings.
You may explore the rules in whatever context you wish. Rules are generalized, encouraging homebrew settings and the rebranding of elements. Create a pure science fiction setting, or insert these rules into your own fantasy world to offer a unique spin.
DISCLOSURE: Part of UM5 content is carried over from Amethyst: Quintessence. UM5 has expanded equipment and more classes. UM5 also includes the Lifepath system, different monsters, and two complete adventures.


Looking forward for your best friends or relatives wedding day ? Have no idea what to buy for them ?
We're all know that it's important to never show up empty-handed on the wedding day. So, Here I am with 5 ideas of what you should buy for the soon-to-be bride and groom that will actually impressed them.
This will be the perfect gift for the bride and gloom who doesn't plan on any honeymoon trip yet. Give them free vouchers to celebrate the marriage and to have a memorable honeymoon at a luxury hotel. This must be costly, but surely they will be very excited to go on this trip and thanking you for it later.
Less costly but still a lovely gift for the couple, you can either book a special romantic dinner at a luxury hotel for them or give them a voucher for it. Either way, will impress them. This gift is perfect for the couple who are not planning to vacation for the honeymoon.
Give them bottles of wine or champagnes of their preference with a cute tags hanging on each bottle to give them best wishes from you, and for them to celebrate the beginning of a wonderful married life together.
This can be a wide range of items; pillow cases, cute wooden boxes, key chains, or even printed shirts. Choose what you think the couple will like.
Okay… This might look like a no-brainer idea for a gift, but honestly… who doesn't like money ? And wedding ceremony these days is just extremely costly; wedding venue fee, bridal dress, bridal makeups, groom suit, bridesmaid dresses, flower bouquets, foods, and the list goes on and on. This gift will be a little help for the bride and groom and they will be appreciated for your gift soon later.


SCArt Academy offers classes and semi-private instruction for both children and adults. A gift certificate for any of our classes makes a fabulous gift, and is something that many people would love to experience but would never think to give themselves! We provide all the materials and all the instruction necessary to release your loved ones' artistic abilities!


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Keep New Hampshire Healthy
Our team led the campaign to establish and reauthorize Medicaid Expansion in New Hampshire by winning approval from Republican majorities in the New Hampshire House and Senate and ultimately signature by Democratic Governor Maggie Hassan. We brought together business interests, health care providers, and advocates to secure and continue health insurance for 50,000 Granite Staters. We developed the strategy, managed the campaign and coalition to press the case for this critical law.
Civix Strategy Group advises the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) on their grassroots engagement strategy to build the political power and will to protect and preserve individual rights and liberties. We help develop campaigns and programs to move ACLU's policy agenda by strengthening and deepening political support at the grassroots level.
SEIU - Service Employees International Union
We work with SEIU to develop political strategy and program at the national level. SEIU is united by the belief in the dignity and worth of workers and the services they provide and dedicated to improving the lives of workers and their families and creating a more just and humane society. With Civix Strategy Group, SEIU is focused on building power to move their issues and win elections.
Campaign for a Family Friendly Economy
Civix Strategy Group provides an organizational home for the Campaign for a Family Friendly Economy managing its staff, shaping strategies and providing core support services. The Campaign for a Family Friendly Economy is a NH based effort to advance smart policies that help working people make ends meet and be there for their families when they need to be. Through a sophisticated digital and field program Civix managed development of the Campaign, which within 6 months of launching had a base of 20,000 supporters. The Campaign is working to build momentum for paid family and medical leave, affordable quality childcare, paid sick days and an increase to the minimum wage.
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'''[[Camp Marojejia]]''' - situated between the lowland rainforest and mid-altitude rainforest at a height of 750 metres.
'''[[Camp Simpona]]''' - situated at a hieght of 1,250 metres, this camp serves as basecamp to those trekking the 2,132 metres peak of [[Marojejy]]. There are 8 beds and space for one tent.
'''[[Camp Simpona]]''' - at a height of 1,250 metres, this camp serves as basecamp to those trekking the 2,132 metres peak of [[Marojejy]]. There are 8 beds and space for one tent.
The town of Ambata is located between two nature protected areas, Marojejy National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, which include perhaps the most remote rainforests to be found on the island. The best times to visit Andapa are from April to May and from September to December when it rains less.
Note March 2009: Email to riziky@yahoo.fr and htl_riziky@wanadoo.mg bounced!


Autism is truly difficult to understand for those who haven't experienced it first hand. For most people, autism is a distant, strange mental disability that involves someone else far, far away. The barriers and hurdles in the life of someone with autism are inconceivable to most. The hardships and challenges they face are a distant reality. Someone else's reality.
Roughly 1 in 68 children has been identified with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We have most likely all met, heard of, or come in close contact with someone who has autism. Chances are that you labelled them as mentally disabled, and moved on. Unfortunately, until you get to personally experience first hand how special and unique these people are, that is the commonplace reaction.
My moment happened in the fall of 2001. Being confronted with reality of autistic life changed the way I perceive my own , forever. His name was Ian and the first time we met I thought he was one of the colleagues I would be working with.
Instead, he was one of the adults I was hired to help with daily tasks and emotional management. I didn't know that as he offered me coffee in that very serious way of his.
I was impressed with his appearance and manner, I thought that he was such a gentleman. He seemed a bit stiff, but I figured he just probably needed some time to get to know people. While making coffee we talked about the day and how beautiful and warm the weather was. I offered my hand, apologizing for not having introduced myself earlier. He politely told me his name and how nice meeting me was but refused to shake hands.
He had autism. Until that moment, I had been taken slightly aback by his kind and polite nature. After that, I was just purely and ultimately inspired and filled with respect and admiration for him. I felt so glad I was there and looked forward to working with Ian, getting to know him better and becoming part of his life.
Ignorance is a bigger disease in our society than autism is. Having spent almost four years with Ian and others with similar conditions, I started to notice a different side to the people around me. An arrogant and ignorant one. A side that exists in many people but it only comes out when challenged by something unusual, such as dealing with autistic individuals. It's not evil, just ignorance.
In Greece, the most common challenges for people with autism are ''the way others treat them. When we all go out sightseeing or to any other social event, people seem 'scared' to approach us. Sometimes they will even avoid sitting next to us on the bus", says Mr Dionisis Pappas, who is specialized in Special Education and has been working with autistic children and adults since 2008.
I can really understand that. I have lived through the endless and harsh struggle that parents go through, fighting and advocating for their children's rights and equal treatment at school, and in everyday life. I have seen the difficult changes autism brings every single month and the enormous efforts by parents to deal with those changes.
Sometimes it is unbearable. Often, it's exhausting. There are moments of depression and withdrawal. There are times of trying to be positive, trying to value the small things in life, taking nothing for granted.
There are a lot of issues surrounding autism. "A child's autism diagnosis affects every member of the family in different ways. Parents/caregivers must now place their primary focus on helping their child with ASD, which may put stress on their marriage, other children, work, finances, and personal relationships and responsibilities.
Parents often come face to face with society's inadequate services. They are forced to confront and deal with widespread ignorance. On top of dealing with the actual, daily problems of the condition, they also have to become advocates, medical experts who provide accurate information to the general public they come in contact with, because locating suitable early intervention programs, securing a suitable diagnosis and much needed medical care and therapies alone was of course too easy.
Mild to severe tantrums, feeding difficulties, a variety of sleep problems, limitations in socializing and interacting with others, along with impaired sensory processing and environmental assessment are just some of the issues faced by autistic children and adults.
Our own Cytogeneticist, Maria Tzimina MSc, explains some basic information on autism many people do not know and usually ask about.
Research revealed the possible link between genes that are inherited from the parents that predispose children to autism, like in cases where parents have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
There have also been cases of autism known to run in families, as younger children born to families with an older sibling with autism have an increased risk of developing the condition. Consequently, identical twin studies suggest that if a twin is affected there is a 90% probability the other will be affected too.
However, these studies are preliminarily requiring further investigation and no specific genes linked directly to autism have been identified. As a result, no specific tests exist that can screen for genes responsible for autism, before or after birth. Autism tends to occur more frequently amongst individuals with specific genetic disorders, including Fragile X syndrome, muscular dystrophy, tuberous sclerosis and Rett syndrome. Therefore, a specialist can ask for further tests for specific genetic conditions, depending on any possible additional symptoms the individual may present.
Some scientists believe that, although people can be born with a predisposition to the condition, they can develop it only if specific environmental conditions trigger it before birth, like exposure to air pollutants, alcohol, specific drugs or flu infections. Premature birth (before 35 weeks) can also be a possible trigger, in addition to the father's age during conception.
It is important to understand that autism is a wide-spectrum condition, meaning that different individuals will present different symptoms, others milder and others more severe. Also, it is crucial to debunk the myth about people with autism being unable to express feelings or feel love, happiness, sadness, pain like everyone else. Just because they may not express their feelings in the way most people do, that does not mean they do not have feelings; they do! It is ignorance and lack of education that "encourage" people to carry this myth.
Talking to parents of autistic children you often get to hear stories of unbelievable courage, inhumane patience, extraordinary efforts and dark days of sadness, disappointment and desperation. You also hear warm stories of unconditional love, appreciation of life, of a self-discovery journey that they don't regret embarking upon and feelings of hope and anticipation for a better future for their children.
Autism is not a disease. Autism is not contagious. People with autism are people, like all of us. Everyone is different and everyone is unique. The thing they need the least is everyone else judging them, avoiding them, mistreating them and being ignorant towards them. What they do need is love, equal treatment, respect, understanding and enough awareness to be raised so that society is able to help those affected and their families even more. They need more treatment and therapies to become available, early intervention and diagnosis, and more research and funding.
Parents also need more help with costs, available schemes where their children can find work, emotional and psychological support, special workshops and education on how to deal with problems that come with autism. We need to expand our disability networks all over the world and give families the opportunity to interact with other families, exchange information and opinions, have access to more services and more support at school and social venues.
I remember Ian's amazing obsession with trains. He would know every single type of train ever made, their colors and speed and all the local train times too. I was so impressed by that and his extraordinary knowledge on the subject used to make me smile.
My name is Effie, I am a psychologist and I love someone with autism.
Hi, I've created #AutismAcceptanceMonth profile picture filter, to show colors and completeness of life for Autistic people.
Nothing is missing in them, no need to show blue or puzzle piece for Autistics.
Share this link with others to let them know about this option.
Let's make this day colorful instead of blue.


The purpose of this guidance document is to provide USAID staff in the Missions and at Headquarters with guidance on choosing whether to conduct an internal or external evaluation. While required evaluations must be external, USAID Missions/Operating Units (OUs) are encouraged to conduct non-required evaluations as needed for management purposes or organizational learning. This resource is for use by USAID staff.


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Publishing Production
Barbara A. Chernow
Barbara A. Chernow is the founder of Chernow Editorial Services, a company that produces medical and professional books for publishers worldwide. She was associate editor of The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, has edited many reference projects, including The Columbia Encyclopedia, 5th Edition, and is the author of Beyond the Internet. Barbara has taught editing at New York University and business communications at the New School. Her writings have appeared in the Brooklyn Quarterly and Cure Magazine. You can email her at bchernow@chernow.com.
Recent Projects and Events
The Alexander Hamilton Prequel: Day-by-Day With One Founding Father. Presentation at Fraunces Tavern, January 16, 2020.
Behind the Scenes at the Papers of Alexander Hamilton: Living the Life of One Founding Father, Presentation at the Museum of American Finance, January 11, 2017.
Production of Liquin Luo, Principles of Neurobiology, 2nd ed. (CRC Press, 2021).
Researching a supplementary volume to The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Any libraries or individual manuscript owners of documents not published in the first 27 volumes, please contact me.
Oral cancer discussions continue in Cure magazine. Email me with your experiences.
Chernow Editorial Services
Founded in 1983, Chernow Editorial Services, Inc. (CES), provides complete publishing services from project development through print and electronic publication. CES specializes in multicontributory professional publications and has produced more than 1,200 publications for more than 58 publishers.
"If you need professional, reliable and quick turn around for editing and business document services, Chernow Editorial Services (CES) is your answer." - Sara LaForest, Principal, LaForest Coaching and Consulting
"A book packager, Chernow Editorial is run by an acknowledged publishing expert and is a company to call on when one needs a book produced to the highest standards -- and in a timely fashion, no matter how rushed the schedule. I can't recommend Chernow Editorial highly enough." - Andy Ambraziejus, Director of Production/Managing Editor, AMACOM Books/American Marketing Association
"I have had the privilege and pleasure to work with Barbara over many years. She is the consummate professional. She is highly skilled and knowledgeable and always current with the latest tools and industry trends." - Elisa Varlan, Blogger-in-Chief, Karmatastic.com
"AMACOM paired me with Barbara on one of my book projects and she added tremendous value. Barbara Chernow's professionalism, speed of delivery, quality of work, and her outstanding suggestions were invaluable. Her thoughtful recommendations taught me to be a better writer." - Adele Lynn, Owner, The Adele Lynn Leadership Group
Associate Editor of Harold C. Syrett (ed.), The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Volumes 17-26. Columbia University Press, 1971-1979.
"Volume 21: Most useful of all an impressive scholarly essay by Barbara Chernow . . . which performs the valuable service of examining all the evidence for every variation of the story [Reynolds Affair] that has been advanced from that time to the present." – Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick,The Age of Federalism
Editor-in-Chief, The Columbia Encyclopedia, 5th ed., New York: Columbia University Press/Houghton Mifflin, 1993.
". . . most libraries will still want to have the latest Columbia Encyclopedia in the reference or reading room. Put it on a well-placed, sturdy stand, and it's likely to get more action than the Web site will ever attract." – Booklist
"…the big book can serve you both modestly and cheerfully as a domestic handmaid. . ." – Robert M. Adams, The New York Times
Beyond the Internet: Successful Research Strategies. Lanham, MD: Bernan Press, 2007.
"Chernow builds a philosophical argument for using library resources for research, rather than relying exclusively on the Internet. . . . This readable volume is much less a how-to guide for conducting effective research than a well-thought-out exploration of the philosophical problem of conducting research in the information age." – CHOICE, July 2008
". . . a critically important instructional reference book for aspiring authors, as well as anyone else engaged in a research project of any kind. Thoroughly 'user friendly' itself, "Beyond The Internet" should be considered essential reading for all aspiring authors and is a core addition to any professional, academic, and community library Research Reference collection. – The Jim Cox Report for February 2008, Midwest Book Review
Contributor on Oral Cancer, Cure Magazine (2016)
Brooklyn Quarterly, "The Other Side of Grief" (March 23, 2016)
Barbara has done more than 100 radio and television interviews about her writing. Among the most recent are:
"Following an Archivist's Trail," Baruch College, CUNY, Annually, 2005-2018
"Primaries, General Elections, and the Electoral College." The World of Laurie Zoock Variety Show, Starcom Radio Network, August 3, 2016.
"Research Projects and Techniques," The Edward Tyll Radio Show, August 22, 2016
When Emotion Overrules Logic: The Shaming of America
The contentious presidential campaign of 2016 has ended, but the results have generated only further division and anger. Historically, we are a centrist country, but clearly we have lost our balance. During the campaign, I thought that establishing a new equilibrium could be achieved through a renewed understanding of our country's history; an awareness of the "elasticity" of the constitution, particularly its ability to grow, adapt, and protect us during changing times; an understanding of the responsibilities of citizenship; and a respect for our heritage of peaceful transition from one administration to another.
But now I realize, that much more is necessary—perhaps more than can be achieved in the next generation. For a fundamental shift has occurred—and that shift is dangerous. As a historian of the founding fathers, I have always maintained that the constitution, with its system of checks and balances, would see the national through most crises. This time, however, my confidence is waning.
Why? Because an emotional electorate chose an inexperienced leader with a vengeful group of followers. In allowing emotion to overrule logic, voters chose candidates who mimic their anger, but have no experience in government or concrete solutions to real problems. Voters' frustration led them to elect self-serving individuals with axes to grind rather than experienced statesmen who bring wisdom and discretion to the table and a commitment to the common good. This new administration is not public spirited. Its leaders show no willingness to shake hands across the aisle. No sincere effort to unite the country.
The goals are negative and spiteful--to destroy what has been created by overturning Roe v Wade, gay marriage, voting rights, universal healthcare, long-standing foreign alliances; to return to an isolationist international policy; to minimize African Americans, Latinos, and Muslims; and to denigrate women. Perhaps nothing is more frightening than the rise in racist rhetoric and hate crimes. The campaign gave legitimacy to those who espouse such views and provided an opportunity for them to publicly act on such beliefs. The aim is to destroy all of the policies of the opposition party regardless of merit or history or voter support. Destroying the policies of the opposition takes precedence over constructive advancement of our national goals.
We are moving too far from our roots and from our history. People are forgetting that with the exception of Native Americans we all descend from immigrants. Our schools have abridged the teaching of history, as the emphasis has shifted to science and math. But history explains who we are. Enfranchised adults are confused about the election process and fail to recognize when a candidate's proposals are realistic, unconstitutional, or in violation of our fundamental beliefs. We need to advocate for the restitution of U.S. history and civics in our school curricula. We need to contribute to organizations that support equal rights and preservation of the environment. We need to start campaigning for candidates to change the makeup of the House of Representatives in 2018.
These are dangerous times, with international terrorism and domestic discontent a constant presence. We need to choose wise and experienced leaders, who will be inclusive in their policies, firm in protecting the equality of all Americans, strong in the face of international threats, and judicious in effecting necessary compromise. The founding fathers were not just politicians; they were also statesmen and political philosophers. They may have differed in their ideas on how to govern the United States, but they ultimately knew how to compromise for the greater good. This combination is rare among today's elected officials and nonexistent in the incoming administration.
Send comments to bchernow@chernow.com
Here is where we will list your workshops.
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Q: Odds of two consecutive numbers in 10,000 on 365 draws What are the odds of drawing two consecutive numbers on successive draws?  $10,000$ numbers in the pot.  $365$ draws total.
For example (draw: number drawn)
$$
\begin{matrix}
1: & 5432 \\
2: & 2290 \\
3: & 8832* \\
4: & 8833* \\
5: & 1002 \\
\!\!\! \vdots & \vdots  \\
364: & 4289 \\
365: & 9123
\end{matrix}
$$

A: Hint:  To a very good approximation, after the first draw the chance of drawing a neighboring number to the previous is $\frac 2{10000}$, so the chance you don't get a neighboring one is $\frac {9998}{10000}$  You need to do this $364$ times in a row....

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Leah Begs for Support After Ali Suffers Terrifying Health Scare
Hard Times!
Of all of the Teen Mom cast members, Leah Messer has had one of the more difficult times in raising her children. She's had to do so in the midst of relationship troubles, cheating scandals, and even rumors of drug use and neglect. Despite this, it's clear that Leah has a huge amount of love for her girls.
When Leah first became pregnant, it was quickly followed by a surprise: Instead of having just one baby, Leah would be having two! She soon gave birth to her twin girls, Ali and Aleeah. It wasn't long after that she realized that Ali was a special needs child. Recently, more information about Ali's muscular dystrophy condition has surfaced, and fans have shown concern and support for Leah in this trying time. Now, Leah has spoken out about her difficulties, reaching out for more support as she dedicates herself to her daughter's health.
Source: Instagram @leahdawn92mtv
Leah's daughter Ali suffers from muscular dystrophy, but if fans weren't aware of this, it recently came to the forefront of everyone's mind when Ali had a serious health scare. Ali's condition affects her mobility and all of her major organs, such as her lungs and her heart. Leah revealed that doctors informed her that Ali's health could begin to decline after her seventh birthday. (Ali is eight years old now.)
In an episode from a previous season, Leah said, "No matter what, I may never see the decline that they see. I guess I'll handle that when it comes you know? It made it hard at 17, knowing something's wrong with this baby that you love so f–king much."
In a more recent episode, Leah opened up to her sister Victoria about Ali's conditions. "She had mentioned to us that she hadn't been eating at school and that she was falling a lot," she said. "She needs somebody with her, by her side, at all times. I'm fighting for Ali — I'm going to do everything that she needs to be done. We wanted her to be independent, and at the same time things are becoming progressive."
She then had to break the news to her daughter, telling her, "Whenever you're at lunch and you're going to eat, you'll have somebody who'll open your food."
Health Scare
Although the family is going through a somewhat difficult time, things seem to be better than the extreme conditions they were in a few weeks ago after Ali's health scare and hospital visit.
Leah's ex, Corey Simms, called her with some harrowing news. He says, "The reason I am calling is because Ali is having a hard time catching her breath and I think I need to take to her to emergency room because she says she couldn't breathe." Leah asked whether Ali was okay, and Corey says, "She's fine…I think it's a little scarier for us. But we'd rather be safe than sorry."
Leah also opened up about having all of her children tested for the gene that has caused Ali's condition. "[Gracie] is a child of Corey and I's, and we carry the gene," Leah said to her friend in another episode. "She hasn't been tested. We thought that she had been tested, but I guess that was for some other testing research. The possibility of her even having it is worrisome to me." Luckily, it was soon revealed that Gracie did not have the gene.
Read more about Ali's condition here, and read In Touch's coverage of the update here.
What do you think about Ali's condition? Let us know in the comments and SHARE this article!


The Pecatonica Gun Show currently has no upcoming dates scheduled in Pecatonica, IL. This Pecatonica gun show is held at Winnebago County Fairgrounds and hosted by Northern Illinois Rifle & Pistol Club. All federal, state and local firearm ordinances and laws must be obeyed.
Buy, Sell, Trade Firearms, knives and related items.
One of my favorites. It's worth the drive. Not huge but usually a good mix. Been going for years.
I've attended this show four times in the last two years. There is usually a fair number of vendors. As far as guns go, the used gun vendors do out number the new gun vendors. The accessory and garage sale vendors out number the gun vendors.
I drive up from the Quad Cities to attend the show. If it wasn't worth it, I wouldn't go.
Decent smaller show with sporadically good offerings.
Definitely nice to have this show in the area at least cause otherwise the next best thing would be traveling to the Kane County show which I've heard is better but at a decent distance from those of us in the Winnebago Co area.