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Bryan Anderson
The Fifth Quarter: Week 10 Rewind
By John TaylorNov 8, 2015, 2:31 AM EST
As is the case each and every season, each and every week, any omission below is not on purpose, it's merely intentional.
SHAKEUP SATURDAY AS CHAOS COMMENCES
At one point in the early evening hours Saturday, three undefeated teams (Clemson, Iowa, TCU) were all losing, while another (Houston) was tied. While the week ended up not being as chaotic as it could've been, it was more than chaotic enough where we should see a rather sizable shakeup when the College Football Playoff Top 25 is released Tuesday.
Entering the weekend with 11 undefeated teams, those unblemished ranks were sliced to six as No. 2 LSU, No. 7 Michigan State, No. 8 TCU, No. 13 Memphis and No. 24 Toledo all suffered their first losses of the season. That leaves No. 1 Clemson, No. 3 Ohio State, No. 6 Baylor, No. 9 Iowa, No. 14 Oklahoma State and No. 25 Houston as the lone remaining unbeatens with a month left in the regular season/championship weekend.
Following Week 9, the first CFP Top 25 looked as follows:
No. 1 Clemson
No. 2 LSU
No. 3 Ohio State
No. 4 Alabama
Clemson added an impressive win over No. 16 Florida State to its win over No. 5 Notre Dame; the Tigers would seem to be a lock to remain at No. 1. LSU was woodshedded by Alabama, so the Tigers will very likely drop out of the top four. The Tide, meanwhile, will move on up as the highest-rated one-loss team.
Ohio State, on the other hand, was cruising right along with a 21-point fourth-quarter lead on Minnesota before allowing the Gophers back into the game with a pair of touchdowns before settling for a 28-14 win. The Buckeyes will likely maintain a top-four slotting, although it wouldn't be surprising to see them fall out.
And what of Oklahoma State? No. 14 entering the weekend, the Big 12 OSU put a thumping on No. 8 TCU; could the committee vault the Cowboys up at least 10 spots and into the first four? I'd say it's unlikely, but they should be well within earshot heading into an ongoing stretch that, after a road trip to Ames, includes a pair of games to close out the season against No. 6 Baylor and No. 15 Oklahoma.
So, how will the CFP's top four look when the newest rankings are released Tuesday night? My best guess is…
No. 4 Notre Dame
I think those first three spots are fairly well set with the committee, provided the group sees the Buckeyes of J.T. Barrett and not necessarily that of Cardale Jones. That fourth spot, it wouldn't surprise me in the least to see Oklahoma State or Baylor there instead of the one-loss Golden Domers. The only thing that would surprise me at No. 4, in fact, would be Iowa.
Still, remember that this will be just the second of six CFP Top 25s released, so there will be plenty of time for those in and around the Top 10 to find a seat at the playoff table. Last year, after the second release, eventual national champion Ohio State was sitting at No. 14. Just sayin'
CONFERENCE CHASE CLARITY
With three weeks still remaining in the regular season — four if you're the Big 12 — there's a surprisingly large amount of clarity in the Power Five conferences. There's also, of course, some uncertainty remaining.
The ACC Atlantic and SEC East were decided this weekend, while the ACC Coastal, Big Ten West and Pac-12 North are all but decided. Conversely, the Big 12 is a muddled mess, while the SEC West has five teams that are still technically alive in the division. The Big Ten East and Pac-12 South both have three teams each that could still win it.
With that in mind, below are the updates as to where each of the Power Five divisional races stand.
Thanks to the impressive double-digit win over Florida State, Clemson clinched its first division title since 2011. The Tigers also snapped the Seminoles' three-year stranglehold on not only the division but on the conference as well as FSU came into the season having won back-to-back-to-back ACC titles.
This one's not over yet, but a rather large woman is in the latter stages of warming up her throat. With an impressive and dominating win over Duke, North Carolina, at 5-0 in ACC play, has complete and total control of the division. UNC already owns the head-to-head tiebreaker over Pittsburgh (4-1) and now owns the same over Duke (3-2). For the Tar Heels it's very simple: win two of their next three games (vs. Miami, at Virginia Tech and North Carolina State) and they'll claim the Coastal regardless of what anyone else does. UNC could also clinch next weekend with a win vs. Miami and a Pitt loss to Duke. Pitt has to hope UNC stumbles twice as they are winning out (at Duke, vs. Louisville and Miami), while Duke needs to win out and have UNC lose out.
Ohio State stands at 5-0 in conference play, with Michigan and Michigan State tied at 4-1. The Buckeyes host the Spartans week after next, then travel to the Wolverines to close out the regular season. The only way this division is settled next weekend is if OSU handles Illinois and UM and MSU fall to Indiana and Maryland, respectively.
At 5-0, Iowa holds a half-game lead on 5-1 Wisconsin. However, the Hawkeyes own the head-to-head tiebreaker with the Badgers, which means Iowa would need to lose two of its last three games (Minnesota, Purdue, at Nebraska) while Wisconsin wins out (Northwestern, at Minnesota) in order for the latter to win the West.
Two teams are unbeaten after Week 10: Baylor (5-0) and Oklahoma State (6-0). Oklahoma and TCU are both 5-1. In the last four weeks of the regular season, those four teams will play each other in a total of five games. In other words, we're still (probably) a ways away from a conference bereft of a championship game deciding its one true champion.
At 7-0, all Stanford needs to do is either beat Oregon (4-2) in Week 11 or Cal in Week 12 to clinch a spot in its third Pac-12 championship game in five years. The Ducks would need to win their last three and have the Cardinal lose out in league play in order to get back to the title game.
Utah (5-1) currently holds a one-game lead on UCLA (4-2) and USC (4-2). The Utes, though, lost to the Trojans in the only game played between the three. With Utah still having to face UCLA, and the two Los Angeles schools set to meet in three weeks, this division likely won't be decided until well into the month of November.
Just one weekend into November, and Florida, thanks to its win over Vanderbilt, has already clinched the division title and a spot in the conference championship game opposite the West winner. The Gators will play in their first league title game since 2009 early next month.
Hello, Alabama. Welcome back to the driver's seat. As we headed into the weekend, LSU and Ole Miss controlled their own destinies in the West, with Alabama at the mercy of others. Heading out, the combination of 'Bama's win over LSU and Ole Miss' overtime loss to Arkansas leaves the Tide, at 5-1, in control of their own destiny. They're far from clinching, however, as LSU is still in the mix at 4-1, while there are three other teams in the division with just two conference losses: Ole Miss (4-2), Arkansas (3-2) and Mississippi State (3-2).
SATURDAY RESET
Below is a list of links for all of the Week 10 gamers posted by the CFT crew, placed in one handy and convenient space for you, our beloved and dear readers.
No. 4 Alabama again the class of the SEC in blowout of No. 2 LSU.
No. 3 Ohio State holds off Minnesota, extends win streak to 22 straight.
Controversial ending sends Michigan State to first loss.
No. 13 Memphis sees 15-game winning streak snapped in blowout loss to Navy.
Ole Miss' overtime loss hands control of SEC West to LSU-'Bama winner.
Oklahoma Statement: No. 14 OSU thrashes No. 8 TCU.
No. 9 Iowa remains unbeaten dark horse playoff contender.
No. 1 Clemson clinches ACC Atlantic Division with 23-13 win over No. 16 FSU.
Stanford nears Pac-12 North clinch as Christian McCaffrey adds to Heisman résumé.
DeShone Kizer throws five touchdowns as No. 5 Notre Dame tops Pittsburgh, 42-30.
North Carolina grabs ACC Coastal by the Blue Devil's horns.
Florida (barely) survives Vandy, become first to clinch Power Five division.
CFT TOP FIVE
A snapshot look at how my ballot would look Sunday if I, ya know, had a real vote.
1. Clemson — OK, OK, I relent. Clemson's wins over Notre Dame and now Florida State are more impressive than anything any other team in the country can offer up for an argument to be No. 1. The mission moving forward for the Tigers is simple: don't trip up against Syracuse, Wake Forest or South Carolina to close out the regular season, then handle North Carolina (probably) in the conference championship game to punch your playoff ticket. Simple, right? (Last week: No. 5)
Next up: at Syracuse, Nov. 14
2. Ohio State — This ranking is based solely on the assumption that J.T. Barrett will return as the starting quarterback. If not, the Buckeyes wouldn't even be in my Top Five. Allow me to repeat: With Barrett as the starter, OSU is a national title contender; with Cardale Jones, they are an upset waiting to happen. (Last week: No. 3)
Next up: at Illinois, Nov. 14
3. Alabama — Yes, the woodshedding of LSU was an impressive performance. 'Bama still has the one loss, to Ole Miss, and that's looking worse and worse with each passing week. The Rebels suffered their third loss of the year this weekend, and one of the teams they lost to, Memphis, lost to a service academy. (Last week: NR)
Next up: vs. No. 20 Mississippi State, Nov. 14
4. Baylor — Jarrett Stidham passed his first quiz. Whether the true freshman quarterback can pass his remaining tests, which includes a home date with No. 15 Oklahoma and road trips to No. 14 Oklahoma State and No. 8 TCU, will go a long way in determining what if any chair the Bears will have at the playoff table. (Last week: No. 2)
Next up: vs. No. 15 Oklahoma, Nov. 14
5. Oklahoma State — It's not just the fact that OSU "upset" TCU; it's the fact that they dominated a team that had won 16 straight in every phase of the game. It was as impressive a performance as any team has put up all season, although the flimsy résumé the first eight games of the year won't allow the Cowboys to move past those ahead of them. Yet. With the meat of their schedule coming up, though, they'll have ample opportunity to show their playoff worthiness. (Last week: NR)
Next up: at Iowa State, Nov. 14
(Dropped out: No. 1 LSU, No. 4 TCU)
(Others considered: Notre Dame, Stanford)
HEISMAN RACE, BY THE NUMBERS
A statistical look at how the top contenders for this year's stiff-armed trophy fared this past week.
Trevone Boykin, QB, TCU (8-1, No. 8)
Saturday: 35-57 (61.4%), 445 yards, one touchdown, four interceptions; 19 carries for 73 yards, two touchdowns
Season: 233-354 (65.8%), 3,372 yards, 29 touchdowns, nine interceptions; 107 carries for 597 yards (5.6 ypc), seven touchdowns
Corey Coleman, WR, Baylor (8-0, No. 6)
Thursday: 11 receptions for 216 yards, two touchdowns; two carries for two rushing yards
Season: 58 receptions for 1,178 yards, 20 touchdowns; 13 carries for 51 rushing yards
Dalvin Cook, RB, Florida State (7-2, No. 16)
Saturday: 21 carries for 194 yards (9.2 ypc), one touchdown; one reception for four yards
Season: 148 carries for 1,231 yards (8.3 ypc), 12 touchdowns; 16 receptions for 185 yards, one touchdown
Ezekiel Elliott, RB, Ohio State (8-0, No. 3)
Season: 167 carries for 1,130 yards (6.8 ypc), 13 touchdowns; 23 receptions for 160 yards
Leonard Fournette, RB, LSU (7-0, No. 2)
Saturday: 19 carries for 31 yards (1.6 ypc), one touchdown
Season: 195 carries for 1,383 yards (7.1 ypc), 16 touchdowns; seven receptions for 58 yards
Derrick Henry, RB, Alabama (8-1, No. 4)
Saturday: 38 carries for 210 yards (5.5 ypc), three touchdowns
Season: 218 carries for 1,254 yards (5.7 ypc), 17 touchdowns; eight receptions for 69 yards
Matt Johnson, QB, Bowling Green (7-2, NR)
Wednesday: 26-35 (74.3%), 365 yards, four touchdowns, zero interceptions; three carries for minus-five yards
Season: 268-380 (70.5%), 3,686 yards, 33 touchdowns, three interceptions; 77 carries for 147 yards, three touchdowns
Christian McCaffrey, RB, Stanford (8-1, No. 11)
Saturday: 23 carries for 147 yards (6.4 ypc); three receptions for 15 yards; two kick returns for 46 yards; 1-1 (100%), 28 yards, one touchdown
Season: 198 carries for 1,207 yards (6.1 ypc), six touchdowns; 28 receptions for 325 yards, two touchdowns; 21 kick returns for 605 yards; nine punt returns for 25 yards; 1-1 (100%), 28 yards, one touchdown
(Dropped out: TCU wide receiver Josh Doctson)
(Added: Henry)
JT's Personal Top Fivesman
1. Fournette — That sound you may have heard was the star LSU running back's Heisman stock plummeting back to earth. Fournette remains the stiff-armed front-runner, but the gap between himself and the rest of the field closed considerably even as his closest competitor coming in stumbled mightily.
2. Cook — Even in a loss, nobody likely raised their Heisman stock more than the FSU back. Going up against a defense that came into the game 10th in rushing defense, Cook put up nearly 200 yards (194) in the loss to Clemson. The fact that the Tigers keyed on Cook and he still put nearly a 200-spot on the ACC Atlantic winners tells you all you need to know about the kind of player Cook is.
3. Henry — Henry was on the periphery of the Heisman discussion prior to Week 10; that 200 yards he put on LSU, in a personal matchup with a struggling Fournette no less, puts him squarely in the mix.
4. McCaffrey — The Stanford running back's stat sheet added a fourth dimension this weekend as the sophomore threw his first career touchdown pass. He also tied a school record with his seventh consecutive 100-yard game. I'll point out again that McCaffrey is the only player west of the Rockies who's in the Heisman discussion, which still bodes well for a mid-December trip to New York City.
5. Boykin — Entering Week 10, Boykin was viewed by many, or even most, as the only legitimate threat to Fournette's Heisman candidacy. Following a four-pick performance in a 20-point loss to Oklahoma State, the senior has a significant mountain to climb just to get back into the race.
DAMN YOU & YOUR EYE DUST, RINALDI
Say what you want about Les Miles, the coach, but Les Miles, the man, is someone the LSU community can be proud of. If you haven't seen the latest Tom Rinaldi tear-jerker, click "play" below. And if you click "play" below, make sure you have a fistful of tissues nearby, just in case.
When there weren't many moments left to be had, Les Miles was there for LSU superfan and Alabama-native Sid Ortis: https://t.co/NqzD1KcYzH
— College GameDay (@CollegeGameDay) November 7, 2015
For Sid Ortis. pic.twitter.com/k3A3Aj6wro
SEXY BERT
At least a portion of Bret Bielema's press conference following the overtime win over Ole Miss was decidedly PG-13.
@BunkiePerkins pic.twitter.com/G9D7GoXiOH
— Gabriel Horn (@hophog1) November 8, 2015
WHEN YOU GOTTA GEAUX, YOU GOTTA GEAUX
Perhaps because ESPN's College GameDay traveling road show has stopped there so much, it appears that, based on the quality — or lack thereof — Tuscaloosa has pretty much run out of innovative sign ideas. Well, save for one. Or is that No. 2?
Best College GameDay Signs LSU Vs Alabama–https://t.co/7ykSkmOy9o pic.twitter.com/YPs0X3xBFZ
— BroBible (@BroBible) November 7, 2015
MOST RANDOM GAMEDAY SIGN EVER?
Deep in Alabama territory, we find the following:
The sign game is so weak in Tuscaloosa that Akron Zips Men's Golf sticks out: #GoZips pic.twitter.com/tvZBzF9cZH
— RedditCFB (@RedditCFB) November 7, 2015
Spectacular.
Winless UCF hasn't had much to cheer about this season, but Tre'Quan Smith at least gave the fans of the program something to hang their hats on on yet another lost day.
UNINTENTIONAL HEADER OF THE DAY
Sometime you're in the wrong place at the wrong time. And sometimes when you find yourself in such a spot you also find yourself hurting, as one official in the Penn State-Northwestern game discovered.
Christian Hackenberg was unable to beat the ref's perfect coverage. https://t.co/Yboaj5MBon pic.twitter.com/B6W6boFQmN
— SB Nation GIF (@SBNationGIF) November 7, 2015
POLICE TWEET OF THE DAY
With Brandon Allen carving up their defense, some Ole Miss fans apparently looked for some help from the men in blue in slowing down the Arkansas quarterback.
Asking us to kick the Arkansas QB out of the stadium is not a legit reason to dial 911. #ARKvsMISS
— Oxford Police Dept (@OxfordPolice) November 7, 2015
HE SAID IT
"Those were Madden numbers. Set to rookie." — North Carolina wide receiver Mack Collins, describing quarterback Marquise Williams passing for 404 yards in the first half of the blowout win over Duke.
HE SAID IT, THE SEQUEL
"Overall, the coaches and the players did a wonderful job of focusing on what's important." — Georgia head coach Mark Richt, following a dominating win over Kentucky that came on the heels of a week rife with rumors and speculation regarding the state of his program.
HE SAID IT, THE THREEQUEL
"He's a natural at everything he does." — Stanford quarterback Kevin Hogan, after watching teammate and running back Christian McCaffrey run the ball 23 times, catch three passes, return a pair of kickoffs and toss his first career touchdown pass.
HE SAID IT, BONUS EDITION
"I'm pretty offended by it, that it was called unsportsmanlike conduct penalty. There was really … everything was to not deceive." — Michigan head coach Jim Harbaugh, addressing the fact that his Wolverines were penalized for "intent to deceive."
HE SAID IT, THE FINAL ONE
"I got an explanation. They said that the receiver was pushed out of bounds… everybody saw the replay. I'm not qualified for that job. My job is to coach and I'm going to do the very best I can. That's somebody else's job." — Michigan State head coach Mark Dantonio, biting his tongue following the controversial ending in the loss to Nebraska.
10 wins to start the 2015 season have pushed Ohio State's nation's best winning streak to 22 straight. With TCU's 16-game winning streak snapped… and Memphis' 15-game streak snapped… and Michigan State's 12-game streak snapped, Clemson is next up at 12 in a row.
On the other side of the won-loss ledger, the "proud" owner of the nation's longest losing streak is Kansas at 12 straight, followed by UCF (11) and Eastern Michigan (eight).
GOING BOWLING
Entering Week 9, there were 41 teams that had secured bowl eligibility. Exiting the weekend, there are now 51 teams eligible for the postseason with four weeks left in the regular season. The newest additions hit double digits at 10: Air Force, Arkansas State, Georgia, Miami, North Carolina State, Northern Illinois, Oregon, USC, Washington State and Western Michigan.
There are 41 bowl games this season — counting the two College Football Playoff semifinals — meaning 82 teams will need to reach the six-win threshold in order for teams with sub-.500 records to remain where they belong: at home during the postseason.
S.I.D. NOTE OF THE WEEK I
There are five FBS head coaches who serve as their own offensive coordinator and two as their own defensive coordinator:
Dana Holgorsen (West Virginia, OC)
Mike Leach (Washington State, OC)
Paul Johnson (Georgia Tech, OC)
Doug Martin (NM State, OC)
Mark Whipple (UMass, OC)
Rocky Long (San Diego State, DC)
Derek Mason (Vanderbilt, DC)
S.I.D. NOTE OF THE WEEK II
Urban Meyer is a perfect 26-0 in games played in October (14-0) and November (13-0) at Ohio State and is 42-3 in his career in games in which he has more than one week to prepare for an opponent. That latter record includes bowl games and season openers as well as bye weeks.
S.I.D. NOTE OF THE WEEK III
Running back Jacques Patrick had three rushing touchdowns, while Travis Rudolph caught three touchdown passes against Syracuse, marking the first time in Florida State history a Seminole rushed for three touchdowns in a single game and another caught three touchdowns in the same game.
S.I.D NOTE OF THE WEEK IV
Oregon is the only team in the nation to score at least 80 touchdowns in each of the last five seasons. The Ducks led the nation in touchdowns scored in 2014 (90), 2012 (89) and 2010 (81), while ranking second in 2011 (88) and fourth in 2013 (81). Only Baylor has scored 80-plus TDs at least three times in the last five years. The Ducks have scored 48 in nine games this season and are in danger of seeing that 80-plus streak come to an end, while the Bears have scored an FBS-best 63 in eight contests.
S.I.D. NOTE OF THE WEEK V
Duke has posted a combined record of 25-7 during the first eight games of the last four seasons. From 2004-07, the last four seasons before David Cutcliffe took over the program, Duke was 3-29 in its first eight games of those years.
Courtesy of the Wisconsin sports information department, a graphic showing the top five teams, percentage-wise, in holding their opponents below their seasonal points-per-game average.
OFF THE CHARTS, PART II
Courtesy of the Wisconsin sports information department
OFF THE CHARTS, PART III
Courtesy of the Oregon sports information department
OFF THE CHARTS, PART IV
Courtesy of the North Carolina State sports information department, the most balanced FBS offenses entering Week 10
(Writer's note: obviously, the passing yards for NC State should be 1,721. Deal with it, and move on.)
There are nine current FBS head coaches who did not play college football: Todd Berry (Louisiana-Monroe), Tracy Claeys (Minnesota), David Cutcliffe (Duke), Sonny Dykes (California), Dennis Franchione (Texas State), Hugh Freeze (Ole Miss), Paul Johnson (Georgia Tech), Mike Leach (Washington State) and Chad Morris (SMU).
YOU DON'T SAY
Since giving up 35 points to Alabama in their season opener, Wisconsin has surrendered an average of just 9.8 points per game. In those nine games, the Badgers have allowed 10 points or less six times. The most they've given up in a single game in this stretch is 24 in a win over Maryland this weekend.
In 2015, more than 75 FBS quarterbacks have attempted at least 200 passes, and just two have thrown one interception: Mississippi State's Dak Prescott (300) and Florida State's Everett Golson (207). No quarterbacks who have attempted at least 200 passes have gone pick-less. The player with the most attempts without an interception this year had been LSU's Brandon Harris with 128, but he threw his first pick in the loss to Alabama. That honor now goes to Navy's Keenan Reynolds, who has no interceptions in his 56 attempts this season. Texas' Tyrone Swoopes has 55 pick-less throws.
… Clemson is now 11-0 when quarterback Deshaun Watson starts and finishes games? They are 12-1 overall in games in which the sophomore starts.
… Arkansas running back Alex Collins became the third player in SEC history with three consecutive 1,000-yard rushing seasons, joining former Georgia great Herschel Walker and former Razorback Darren McFadden?
… Baylor wide receiver Corey Coleman's 20 receiving touchdowns in nine games this season were more than 108 FBS teams entering Week 10? Georgia Southern has thrown eight touchdown passes in the last 20 games over the past two seasons.
… DeAndre Washington now has 1,036 yards rushing on the season, becoming the first Texas Tech player to crack the 1,000-yard barrier since Byron Hanspard rushed for 2,000 in 1996?
… Arizona State's D.J. Foster has now caught a pass in 49 consecutive games, breaking the Pac-12 record of 48 set by USC's Kareem Kelly (1999-2002)? Central Michigan's Bryan Anderson (2006-09) holds the FBS record at 54 in a row.
… Ohio State's Urban Meyer is the only coach in FBS history with four seasons of 13 or more wins? Alabama's Nick Saban has three such seasons, while Washington's Chris Petersen and Nebraska's Tom Osborne have two each.
… Tom Herman became the first head coach in Houston history to win the first nine games of his career with the Cougars? Back in 1990, John Jenkins won his first eight.
… Iowa's 9-0 start matches the best start in school history, accomplished the first and only time back in 2009? The Hawkeyes have never started a season 10-0.
… Kansas has lost 34 consecutive true road games and, overall, 37 consecutive played away from Lawrence? The Jayhawks have also lost 30 consecutive Big 12 road games.
… Baylor (No. 14 Oklahoma, No. 12 Oklahoma State, No. 5 TCU) and Minnesota (No. 15 Michigan, No. 1 Ohio State, No. 10 Iowa) are the only teams currently scheduled to play three straight games against teams that were either in the Associated Press Top 15 when they played them or are currently in that Top 15?
… Florida and Michigan are the only teams to hold three FBS opponents without a touchdown this season?
… UCLA is 31-0 when leading at halftime under Jim Mora?
… the Border War between Colorado State and Wyoming is the longest continuous rivalry west of the Mississippi, played every season since 1946?
Tags: Alex Collins, Brandon Allen, Brandon Harris, Bryan Anderson, Christian McCaffrey, Corey Coleman, D.J. Foster, Dak Prescott, Dalvin Cook, DeAndre Washington, Derrick Henry, DeShone Kizer, Doug Martin, Ezekiel Elliott, Jacques Patrick, Josh Doctson, Keenan Reynolds, Kevin Hogan, Leonard Fournette, Marquise Williams, Matt Johns, Matt Johnson, Travis Rudolph, Tyrone Swoopes
The Fifth Quarter: Week 9 Rewind
CRYSTAL BALLING INITIAL CFP TOP FOUR
With nine weeks of the 2015 season tucked neatly into bed, we're on the cusp of the initial set of rankings that will ultimately produce the four teams that will play for a national championship.
On Tuesday, the College Football Playoff committee will release its first Top 25 of the new football year. After Tuesday, four more sets of rankings will be released before the final one in early December that seats the four semifinalists at the playoff table.
So, how will the initial top four look a couple of days from now? Before getting to that, let's take a look back at the first year of the CFP and its inaugural set of rankings — and the major polls that came out around that time as well.
For the Week 10 polls in 2014, the Associated Press and coaches had the exact same first four in the same order: Mississippi State, Florida State, Alabama, Auburn. The CFP had the same top two as the polls, with Auburn initially slotted at No. 3. The committee's fourth? Ole Miss. The Rebels were No. 7 according to the AP, No. 9 per the coaches. While it doesn't mean the committee will follow a similar pattern this year, it should mean there will be little deviation from the polls to the first CFP rankings this year or any other.
As it stands now, the AP and coaches' poll have the same teams at No. 1 (Ohio State), No. 2 (Baylor) and No. 4 (LSU). The media has Clemson, TCU and Michigan State at Nos. 3, 5 and 6, respectively, while the coaches have it TCU, Michigan State and Clemson at the same spots. CFP translation? Ohio State, Baylor and LSU will be in the initial first four, and many would probably get to that same conclusion without the aid of inconsequential polls.
For the final spot, and realizing that more than three may/will be considered by the actual committee, let's go to the résumés:
— six wins vs. Power Five teams
— one win vs. currently ranked teams
— three P5 road wins
— current record of P5 opponents: 27-23 (.540)
— average margin of victory vs. P5 opponents: 17.5 ppg (skewed significantly by 58-0 win over Miami)
— five wins vs. P5 teams
— two P5 road wins
— average margin of victory vs. P5 opponents: 8.6 ppg
— six wins vs. P5 teams
— zero wins vs. currently ranked teams
— four P5 road wins
— average margin of victory vs. P5 opponents: 18.8 ppg
The verdict? It's close between all three of those listed, but I think, maybe, the committee would go with the Tigers in this scenario. The first four order? I'm going to go with LSU, Clemson, Ohio State, Baylor. Again, that's my guesstimation as to the committee's order, not my personal opinion.
At this time last year, there were two undefeated Power Five teams. This year, there are a whopping eight from the P5s, and another three from the Group of Five for good measure. That sheer number is one reason I believe, right or wrong, one-loss teams like Alabama and Stanford won't yet be considered by the committee for one of the top four spots. The nature of the schedule will naturally whittle the list of unbeatens down to a half dozen or less in the coming weeks, though, allowing teams like the Tide and Cardinal to make their way into playoff consideration — especially if it's a team like the Tide that can help whittle down the list of undefeated teams beginning this coming weekend.
One final note: the eventual national champion, the Ohio State Buckeyes, was 16th in the first CFP rankings. Just remember that when the initial rankings this year are released.
Below is a list of links for all of the Week 9 gamers posted by the CFT crew, placed in one handy and convenient space for you, our beloved and dear readers.
Stanford sidesteps Wazzu upset bid, maintains Pac-12 North control, playoff hopes.
DeShone Kizer dazzles as No. 9 Notre Dame outlasts No. 21 Temple.
Miami overcomes week of heartache, turmoil to stun No. 22 Duke on lateral-filled final play.
No. 15 Michigan holds off Minnesota at the goal line to win Little Brown Jug.
Black eyes of Texas: 'Horns get blanked by CycLOLOLOnes.
Win over Texas Tech in a Big 12 barn burner keeps No. 12 Oklahoma State in title mix.
No. 3 Clemson pulls away from North Carolina State, now turns page toward Florida State.
No. 11 Florida on brink of SEC East title after chomping Georgia.
Ole Miss keeps SEC West hopes alive with win over Auburn.
Kyler Murray impresses in first start as Texas A&M holds off South Carolina.
1. LSU — I think this is the best team in the country, but even I can't say exactly how good the Tigers truly are. After a Week 10 trip to Tuscaloosa, we all will be able to tell a whole hell of a lot more about the Bayou Bengals — and their opponents, for that matter. (Last week: No. 1)
Next up: at No. 8 Alabama, Nov. 7
2. Baylor — Even as they've steamrolled the competition, the Bears are still looking for a signature win against a quality opponent. After this Thursday, they'll get the opportunity to rectify that as they'll face No. 14 Oklahoma, No. 12 Oklahoma State and No. 5 TCU in back-to-back-to-back weeks. (Last week: No. 2)
Next up: at Kansas State, Nov. 5
3. Ohio State — Were it not for J.T. Barrett's off-field situation, I would've moved the Buckeyes above the Bears and behind the Tigers. Now, I almost dropped them out of the Top Five. The Barrett-led Buckeyes are a national title contender; the Cardale Jones-led Buckeyes are an upset loss waiting to happen. (Last week: No. 3)
Next up: vs. Minnesota, Nov. 7
4. TCU — The Horned Frogs are getting healthier, especially on defense, which is bad news for the rest of the playoff contenders. The Thursday night win over West Virginia may have been their most solid all-around performance since Week 1. (Last week: No. 4)
Next up: at Oklahoma State, Nov. 7
5. Clemson — I spent waaayyy too much time trying to decide on the fifth team in a meaningless Top Five, vacillating endlessly between undefeated Clemson and one-loss Stanford. I ultimately went with the Tigers because the résumés were close enough that the Cardinal's loss tipped the scales toward the team from the ACC. (Last week: No. NR)
Next up: at Colorado, Nov. 7
(Dropped out: Stanford)
(Others considered: Stanford)
Thursday: 32-47 (68.1%), 388 yards, three touchdowns; 11 carries for 84 yards (7.7 ypc), one touchdown
Season: 198-297 (66.7%), 2,927 yards, 28 touchdowns, five interceptions; 88 carries for 524 yards (5.9 ypc), five touchdowns
Saturday: did not play (bye)
Season: 47 receptions for 962 yards, 18 touchdowns; 11 carries for 49 rushing yards
Saturday: did not play (injured)
Josh Doctson, WR, TCU (8-0, No. 5)
Thursday: 11 receptions for 183 yards, one touchdown; one carry for one yard
Season: 71 receptions for 1,250 yards, 14 touchdowns; two carries for seven yards
Christian McCaffrey, RB, Stanford (7-1, No. 8)
Saturday: 22 carries for 107 yards (5.7 ypc); four receptions for 26 yards; one punt return for three yards
Season: 175 carries for 1,060 yards (6.1 ypc), six touchdowns; 25 receptions for 310 yards, two touchdowns; 19 kick returns for 559 yards; nine punt returns for 25 yards
(Dropped out: None)
(Added: None)
1. Fournette — The sophomore back has been the front-runner for most of the season, and for good reason: he's the best player in college football playing for one of the best teams in the game. It'll take a superhuman effort over the next month to unseat him as the favorite.
2. Boykin — As an individual who plays the preferred position of voters, the only senior in the group has what it takes to put up a superhuman effort over the next month to "catch" Fournette. The fact that he still has three high-profile games left (unbeaten Baylor and Oklahoma State, plus Oklahoma) leaves him with the best chance of overtaking the front-runner.
3. Elliott — The lone junior on my list, Elliott has rushed for 100 or more yards in a nation's best 13 straight games. There may be uncertainty at the quarterback position in Columbus, but Elliott's the one constant, sure thing on that side of the ball.
4. Cook — Entering Week 9, the sophomore was responsible for 85 percent of FSU's rushing yards and rushing touchdowns even as he's accounted for just 55 percent of the Seminoles' carries. That screams MVP if not Heisman.
5. McCaffrey — If you haven't noticed, the sophomore is the only player west of the Rockies on most if not all of these types of Heisman lists. That could greatly aid the multi-purpose star's efforts to at least get a mid-December trip to New York City.
STATE OF NEBRASKA FOOTBALL
There was much joy in Lincoln when Bo Pelini and his volatility — and his nine-win seasons — were replaced by nice-guy Mike Riley. After losing five of the first seven games of the Riley era by a total of 15 points, NU was embarrassed by a woeful Purdue football team that came into the game at 1-6 — and that lone win came against FCS Indiana State.
The final score? Purdue 55, Nebraska 45. The current record? 3-6, and in danger of going bowl-less for the first time since Bill Callahan's last season in 2007. The current state of Husker Nation? This pretty much sums it up.
Sad Nebraska zombies did not get enough brains at the tailgate. https://t.co/GtAPRScDv8 pic.twitter.com/N3leOszcxu
— SB Nation GIF (@SBNationGIF) October 31, 2015
POOP HAPPENS
Kentucky's Cory Johnson is a 300-pound defensive lineman who is nicknamed "Poop" as he has an issue keeping his weight up because (warning! medical jargon ahead!) he poops too much. Gastrointestinal issues or not, Johnson proved Saturday night that he can still run a sizable distance to earn himself a fat-man touchdown.
#ScoopNScore! CJ Johnson is 300+ lbs. CJ Johnson take this fumble recovery TO THE HOUSE! https://t.co/94Z9BBMXgx pic.twitter.com/F1SqI0veJC
— SEC Network (@SECNetwork) November 1, 2015
BTW, the loss to Tennessee still leaves Kentucky two wins away from going boweling errrrrr bowling this postseason. Sorry, had to go there, so to speak.
ARE YOU SPITTIN' ME?
This will serve as one of the greatest non-scoring run-after-catches you'll ever see in college football. And one of the longest, too.
DON'T BELIEVE THE HYPE
After Kenny Hill tore up South Carolina's defense to start the 2014 season, the hype machine went into overdrive for the Texas A&M quarterback before ultimately dropping its transmission and blowing up before the end of the year. Fast-forward a year, and A&M's Kyler Murray carved up the defense from the same team in his first career start. As the hype machine knows no bounds…
The only SEC players in the last 20 years with 100 pass yds & a TD, 100 rush yds & a TD in their 1st career start: pic.twitter.com/Yu2tcLitzw
— SEC Network (@SECNetwork) October 31, 2015
AIN'T NO HURDLE HIGH ENOUGH
Apparently, Penn State's super freshman, Saquon Barkley, decided to dress up for Halloween as Edwin Moses. Or Ezekiel Elliott. One of the two.
So, um, yeah, you'll want to watch this Saquon Barkley @PennStateFball TD run. Brought to you by @hotelsdotcom. https://t.co/9418hziBxB
— Penn State on BTN (@PennStateOnBTN) October 31, 2015
PICK UP YOUR JOCKS, MANHOOD ON THE WAY OUT, PLEASE
What Florida State wide receiver Travis Rudolph did to the hapless Syracuse defense on this play is borderline criminal.
This Florida State touchdown set back the Syracuse football program at least 20 years. https://t.co/mZUoJfnXWE pic.twitter.com/Cki2g9REvE
AN ALL-TIMER
With his 260th career catch, Colorado's Nelson Spruce surpassed Arizona's Mike Thomas as the all-time leader in Pac-12 history in receptions. Below is Catch No. 260.
Here's how CU's @NSpruce22 became the all-time leading receiver in @Pac12 history. #GoBuffs #CUvsUCLA https://t.co/466Dj06jgd
— Colorado Buffaloes (@cubuffs) October 31, 2015
HELMET OF THE DAY
I'm not a huge fan, at all, of the alternate uniform craze that's swept through college football the past few years, but these Halloween-themed helmets Boise State wore Saturday are pretty damn spectacular.
New Halloween Edition helmet was waiting for the guys in the locker room! 🎃 #BTB 🔷🔹🐴🔸🔶 pic.twitter.com/sbzqwgdcF8
— Boise State Recruits (@BSURecruits) October 31, 2015
JUMPING THE LANDSHARK
From the soon-to-be-released movie "White Men Can't Dance"…
WATCH HUGH FREEZE WHIP pic.twitter.com/444S8d2OWP
TOMMY BOY SIGNAGE
You incorporate one of the greatest movies ever in your College GameDay sign, you will always merit a mention in ye olde Fifth Quarter.
Psssh. "John" Hancock. Everyone knows it's Herbie. pic.twitter.com/UYtBdXsP0C
— College GameDay (@CollegeGameDay) October 31, 2015
I PICKED A BAD WEEK TO QUIT…
In the same vein as above, you reference "Airplane!", you get mentioned.
HALLOWEEN COSTUME OF THE DAY
This really needs no explanation whatsoever. Well done, young man, dressing as an ACC official.
This young fan is the early leader for Halloween costume pic.twitter.com/uPBSYEmPo1
— Joseph Duarte (@Joseph_Duarte) October 31, 2015
"I don't mean this in a disingenuous — I really don't care. I'm not worried about the playoffs. We're still four games from the end of the Big Ten season. We're going to enjoy this one. We'll worry about our next opponent starting tomorrow afternoon." — Kirk Ferentz, when asked about his 8-0 Iowa team's standing in the eyes of the College Football Playoff committee.
"Well guys, that was painful to say the least. I apologize for that but the end result was awesome." — Jim McElwain, following Florida's ugly 27-3 shredding of rival Georgia.
"Not good. We lost, and all that counts are wins and losses. It's not a good feeling. It is something you wish you never have to experience." — Georgia quarterback Faton Bauta, when was asked how he felt he played following a four-pick performance in his first collegiate start.
"I think we are all frustrated. We should be playing better, and there's no question about it, we've got to get it figured out and play better. There's no doubt about that." — Cal head coach Sonny Dykes, whose Bears have lost three straight after opening 2015 with five straight wins.
"There were all sorts of issues that the conference has to resolve. That's not my job. Call the ACC, they should have answers." — David Cutcliffe, on the shoddy officiating (on both sides) in Duke's wild last-second loss to Miami.
Eight wins to start the 2015 season pushed on-a-bye Ohio State's nation's best winning streak to 21 straight last Saturday. Up next are TCU (16), Memphis (15), Michigan State (12), Clemson (11) and Toledo (10).
On the other side of the won-loss ledger, New Mexico State's win in overtime over Idaho ended the nation's longest losing streak at 17 in a row. With that, Kansas is now the not-so-proud owners of the country's longest at 11 straight, followed by UCF (10), Miami of Ohio (eight) and Eastern Michigan (seven).
Entering Week 9, there were 33 teams that had secured bowl eligibility. Exiting the weekend, there are now 40 teams eligible for the postseason with five weeks left in the regular season. The newest additions totaled seven: Georgia Southern, Louisiana Tech, Navy, San Diego State, Southern Miss, Texas A&M and UCLA.
Daniel Carlson has five 50-yard-plus field goals in his last eight games, exceeding the total of 50-yard field goals by all Auburn kickers in the previous 150 games combined (four), dating back to 2003.
Of Wake Forest's 168 points scored this season, 160 have been by true freshmen, redshirt freshmen or sophomores.
Wisconsin has attempted 35 or more passes six times this season, posting a 4-2 record in those games. From 1990 to 2014, the Badgers were 0-23-1 in games in which they passed the ball 35 or more times.
The win over then-No. 3 Utah was the first time an Associated Press unranked USC team beat an AP Top-Three-ranked team since the Trojans defeated No. 2 Texas A&M, 20-0, in the Liberty Bowl on Dec. 22, 1975.
No program in the nation has a higher graduation rate over the past four years than Stanford (99%). Furthermore, no Pac-12 Conference team has had more draftees over the past four years than Stanford (19).
Courtesy of the Toledo sports information department, and entering Week 9
Courtesy of the Duke sports information department, and entering Week 9
Courtesy of the Air Force sports information department, and entering Week 9
With two more today, Navy quarterback Keenan Reynolds now has 77 rushing touchdowns in his career, tying him with Wisconsin's Montee Ball for the all-time FBS record. Ball gathered his in 924 career rushes, Reynolds in 863.
There are only eight females in the 128-team FBS in charge of the athletic training function of their football programs. Jennifer Brodeur (UMass), Ariko Iso (Oregon State), Sally Nogle (Michigan State) and Kelli Pugh (Virginia) are head football athletic trainers while Jennifer Brown (Eastern Michigan), Brandy Clouse (Georgia Southern), Mary Vander Heiden (UCF) and Dawn Hearn (UTEP) are sports medicine department heads.
In Week 8, Duke and Virginia Tech played the longest game in ACC history with a four-overtime affair. Prior to the Blue Devils' 45-43 win over the Hokies, the longest game involving at least one ACC team was three overtimes (six occasions).
Have you ever wondered what a typical in-season day is like for a football player at the Air Force Academy? If so, today's your lucky day.
… Boise State's Darian Thompson now has 19 career interceptions, breaking Utah's Eric Weddle's Mountain West record of 18? Thompson's teammate, Donte Deayon, has 17 career picks.
… Arizona State's D.J. Foster's streak of 48 straight games with a reception ties the Pac-12 record held by USC's Kareem Kelly (1999-2002)? Central Michigan's Bryan Anderson (2006-09) holds the FBS record at 54 in a row. Foster could actually tie that mark should 4-4 ASU reach the Pac-12 title game, although that seems unlikely.
… with 472 yards Thursday night, TCU's Trevone Boykin became the 40th player in FBS history to top 12,000 yards of total offense? The Horned Frogs quarterback now has 12,041 in his career.
… Minnesota quarterback Mitch Leidner has thrown for 300-plus yards in back-to-back games after not having a 300-yard game in the first 28 games of his career? The Gophers, incidentally, are 0-2 these last two games.
… Blake Anderson became the first head coach in Arkansas State history with 12 or more wins in his first two seasons? Gene Harlow (1955-56) and Steve Roberts (2002-03) won 11 each in their first two seasons.
… Iowa is 8-0 for just the second time in the program's history? The first came in 2009, when the Hawkeyes started out 9-0 before losing in their 10th game.
… Clemson has won 17 of 18 games for the first time since the 1938-40 era?
… Temple's game against Notre Dame Saturday was the Owls' first playing a ranked team while they too were ranked?
… Washington State is the only team in the country with seven players who have caught 20 or more passes this season? They have nine players with at least 15 receptions.
… Air Force and Toledo are the only teams through nine weeks that have not given up a sack this season. The Falcons have attempted 85 passes, the Rockets 253.
… UCF running backs did not have a rushing touchdown this season until its Week 9 loss to Cincinnati Saturday? The Knights now have three touchdowns on the ground in 2015, the first two of which were scored by wide receiver Nick Patti.
… Georgia Tech's Bobby Dodd Stadium is the oldest on-campus football facility in the FBS, having opened in 1913? Mississippi State's Davis Wade Stadium (1914) is a year younger.
Tags: Bryan Anderson, Christian McCaffrey, Corey Coleman, D.J. Foster, Dalvin Cook, DeShone Kizer, Ezekiel Elliott, J.T. Barrett, Josh Doctson, Keenan Reynolds, Kenny Hill, Kyler Murray, Leonard Fournette, Matt Johns, Matt Johnson, Mike Thomas, Montee Ball, Nelson Spruce, Nick Patti, Saquon Barkley, Travis Rudolph
The Fifth Quarter: Week 10 Rewind November 8, 2015 2:31 am The Fifth Quarter: Week 9 Rewind November 1, 2015 2:04 am


Yes, it's that time of year again, Scarborough has begun, and so has my 61-day work week... It's all good, because I don't hate my weekday job, and I LOVE working at the perfumery on the weekends. This weekend should be interesting, because the owner will not be in town, so my co-worker & I are on our own, which means minimal breaks and virtually no time to run amok. I've always worked a part-time schedule on the weekends, instead of full-time, so we'll see how my system manages that!
One of my co-workers is umm, militant about her beliefs, and is relatively intolerant of other people's opinions and beliefs. Last week, another employee asked her about Easter eggs in conjunction with a program she's involved in at her church. Her response was to look directly at me and say "I object to the use of Pagan symbols in relation to Christian holidays". Yeahhh, she's made an assumption about my beliefs, based entirely on the fact that I am part of the Renaissance Festival community. Never mind discussions we've had over the last 18 months about my CHURCH. I refrained from pointing out to her that 1. my beliefs are none of her damned business, 2. My Bibles (I own at least one KJV, a RSV, an NIV, and a Living Bible) ALL include "Judge not, lest ye/you be judged", and 3. I object to Christians believing that they have the right to judge others AND cram their beliefs down everybody's throat. Hmm, perhaps she thinks I'm a Pagan in the Spring, and a Christian the rest of the year? So yesterday, I noticed that she'd clipped a tract to her wall-mounted inbox entitled something like "Becoming a Christian is as E.A.S.Y as A.B.C". Yeah she's a passive-aggressive B!#(H, and her life truly only consists of Work, Church, and living with her parents & 2 dogs. She lives to get a rise out of people, and she's not going to be successful with me. I have no doubts about where I stand with God, and I also know that on my WORST day, I have an amazing support system of friends and family from diverse walks of life, all of whom love and accept me for who I am, without trying to make me conform to what they think is right.
Last Tuesday, I came home after the storms that were in the area, to find that the mama kitty that's been hanging about (I believe she & her boyfriend were abandoned, as they are way too social and keep trying to get into the house to really be ferals) had delivered 5 kittens. 4 have survived this long, and even on my cranky mornings, seeing them in their box on the porch brings a smile to my face.
On that note, I think it's time to shut down and head for the bed with the kitties. Sleep is kind of hit or miss these days, and tomorrow's an early morning.
Don't you love Passive/Aggressive people. I could just smack them. Just to piss her off, you should put a little witch doll on your desk.
Yeah, I know, but I'm like that.


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"Age of Slavery" African American History American South Haitian History Haitian Revolution Slavery United States History
"A Positive Evil": The Haitian Revolution and Abolition in the 1834 Tennessee State Constitutional Convention
Posted on August 29, 2022 by Age of Revolutions
By Seth Whitty
During the 1834 Tennessee State Constitutional Convention, a group of delegates created a report on whether the Convention should enact a measure that would grant the emancipation of enslaved people in the state. The report forcibly rejected any notion of emancipation by contending that it would destroy "the peace, the prosperity, nay the very existence of society." To justify this claim, it reminded the other delegates of the Haitian Revolution by emphasizing the "bloody scenes of St. Domingo," and asked them not to be persuaded by the "misguided fanatics" of abolition.[1] The specters of the Haitian Revolution and abolition in the report influenced the county delegates to create draconian acts within the 1834 Constitution, such as restricting the right to bear arms to only White men. The Convention revealed that acts of defiance against bondage were co-opted by White politicians to solidify slavery in Tennessee. Furthermore, this Convention displayed how issues surrounding abolition and slavery during the Age of Revolutions, such as the Haitian Revolution, were a prevalent force that could influence localities, like Tennessee, that were outside the traditional historiographical scope of the Atlantic World.
Tennessee has been largely ignored in the examination of how the United States responded to and interacted with the Haitian Revolution. This is mainly due to the state's isolation from the revolution because of its geographical distance and its preoccupation with the long and brutal war against the Cherokee people. Indeed, much of the writings of Tennessee politicians during the 1790s and the first decade of the nineteenth century were focused on recounting past violent acts and their own racism towards the Cherokee. However, the symbolism and potential influence of the destruction of slavery in the former French colony of Saint-Domingue and the creation of an independent Black nation of Haiti was not lost on Whites in Tennessee. In 1803, in perhaps the clearest reaction to the Haitian Revolution, the state assembly passed an act that made it illegal to discuss any current events or revolutionary topics near enslaved people over the fear it may "induce them to insurrection."[2]
Beginning on May 19, 1834, county delegates met in Nashville, Tennessee to alter Tennessee's 1796 constitution. The official impetus for this Constitutional Convention was to "remove special tax privileges enjoyed by the 'lords of the soil' and to reorganize representative government along more democratic lines."[3] However, underneath the formal reasonings lay the issue of slavery and whether the representatives should consider arguments on gradual emancipation within the state. Nat Turner's 1831 Rebellion highlighted to White Tennesseans the potential violence that could result from enslaving Black Tennesseans, and many feared that the Convention would have to decide on the state's usage and viability of enslaved labor.[4] On May 26, John Neal, the delegate from McMinn County, submitted a petition from the citizens of his county to discuss emancipation within the state. This petition was quickly tabled, but dozens of other petitions related to emancipation were presented over the following days.
This growing debate and agitation surrounding slavery was amplified by politicians and citizens in East Tennessee publicly arguing that a measure on emancipation be adopted by the Convention. Eastern Tennessee was home to many Quakers, who had migrated from North Carolina due to the availability of land and the minimal presence of slavery during the end of the eighteenth century. This religious group provided the main organizational foundation for abolitionist groups and beliefs in Tennessee. In 1815, Quaker Charles Osbourne created the Tennessee Manumission Society, and by 1823 it had roughly six hundred members.[5] In the months prior to the State Convention, it was apparent to many that the delegates from eastern Tennessee would propose measures on emancipation. Two months before the Convention, state representative James Osburn wrote that "the East Tennesseans, at least some of them, the little brotherhood are about trying the experiment of a constitutional clause of the emancipation of the slaves."[6]
On May 30, 1834, the representatives voted to address slavery in Tennessee and mandated that a committee of three members examine the issue of human bondage and its possible eradication in the state. On June 19, the committee presented an official report on slavery and the possibility of emancipation. Much of the report relies on racist arguments as to why slavery should not be abolished. It argued that bondage was an evil, but that enslaved people lived in a more fulfilling and caring environment than free Black Americans, who were subjected to continual poverty and vitriol from Whites. The committee's report asserted that, if immediate or gradual emancipation was granted, it would destroy the "stable" life of enslaved people and throw hundreds of thousands of people into degradation, and that their large numbers would "have at their command a portion of physical strength that might and probably be wielded to the worst of purposes."[7] The report posited that formerly enslaved people in the state would sympathize with the plight of those in bondage in bordering states of the Deep South and would "make a common cause" and together "exterminate the White man and take possession of the country."[8]
The ending section of the committee's report highlighted the significance of national and international acts of resistance towards slavery, and the need of those in power to keep the oppressive system of bondage in place in Tennessee. The report stressed the chaos and destruction of the Haitian Revolution by asking "Are the bloody scenes of St. Domingue forgotten; will not similar causes always produce similar effects; would not the same horrible tragedy be acted over again in our own country, at our firesides, and in our bed chambers?" Additionally, the committee referred to abolitionists in similar terms, remarking that they should "refrain from intermeddling in a matter, in which they have no concern, and in which their interference can do no possible good and may do much positive evil"[9] The report concluded by contending that slavery would one day end in the United States, and that any preemptive resistance or act to abolish it will only cause fear and violence to spread throughout the country.
The only challenge made against the wording of the committee's report was by Joseph Kincaid of Bedford County, who moved to eliminate the passage on the "degraded situation" of Black Americans who were not enslaved; but the motion was soundly defeated by a vote of 12 in favor and 42 against. There was no objection to the sections on the possibility of a rebellion resulting from emancipation, nor on the influence of the Haitian Revolution and abolitionists. A week after the report was presented to the Convention, four delegates from eastern counties submitted a benign protest of its findings. Read by Matthew Stephenson of Washington County, the protest used ethical and religious justification to show the immorality of the practice of slavery, but it did not address the imagery of resistance and violence that was suggested in the report.[10]
After Stephenson presented the report on slavery in Tennessee, the State Convention passed reactionary resolutions against free and enslaved Black Americans. On June 28, 1834, representative L. Marr of Obion County proposed a resolution that would strip free Black Tennesseans of citizenship and participation within the political system, which they were technically, but not practically, given in the 1796 constitution. William H. Loving of Haywood County argued that if Black citizens were allowed to vote it would set a deadly precedent—an example of freedom to the enslaved that would cause "the overthrow or total extinction of the White race, one instance of which is fresh in our memory-that of the ill-fated island of St. Domingo."[11] After much debate, on July 31, the Convention decreed that only White men of the state had the freedom to vote.
The representatives next passed an act that reworded the Second Amendment of the state constitution to specify that only "free White men of this State have a right to keep and to bear arms for their common defence." Other states, such as Virginia and North Carolina, had already legally mandated that Black people could not own firearms after Nat Turner's Rebellion, but Tennessee was the first state to enact the restriction on this famed amendment.[12] Finally, on a close vote of 30 for and 23 against, the Convention decreed "that the General Assembly shall have no power to pass laws for the emancipation of slaves, without consent of their owner or owners," ending any possibility that the state would act on or interfere in the system of human bondage.[13]
Examining the 1834 Tennessee Constitutional Convention gives a more detailed understanding of the influences of the Haitian Revolution on abolition, and how they could be weaponized by White enslavers against efforts for emancipation. The purpose of the paranoid and racist rhetoric within the report was not just to argue against the destruction of slavery but also to solidify it through new and even more draconian measures. All of this was to ensure that the White society of Tennessee, which rested on the unjust subjugation of and supremacy over enslaved people, was fully protected and secured. The passage of these stringent constitutional acts primarily occurred due to the fear and influence of external examples of resistance to bondage, in a state that has traditionally been overlooked in the examination of abolition and slavery in the Atlantic World. Despite the state's relative isolation and distance from the greater Atlantic region, Tennessee politicians were still able to use external issues effectively surrounding abolition and slavery to their advantage. It is noteworthy that even those at the Convention who wanted emancipation did not call into question the arguments made on the Haitian Revolution and abolitionists, as they likely realized that no real attempt could be made against the ingrained fear on these prominent acts of resistance.
Seth Whitty is a PhD student at the University of Houston. He is currently working on his dissertation entitled "Slashed With All The Severity: Resistance and Oppression in Tennessee," which examines how resistance to, and oppression from, human bondage in Tennessee was influenced by the news and ideas of actions taken against slavery throughout the Atlantic World.
Title Image: "Revenge Taken by the Black Army for the Cruelties practiced…by the French." An 1805 illustration in Marcus Rainsford's An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti (Photo: Library of Congress).
Clavin, Matthew J. Toussaint Louverture and the American Civil War: The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
Imes, William Lloyd. "The Legal Status of Free Negroes and Slaves in Tennessee." The Journal of Negro History 4, no. 3 (1919): 254–72.
Mooney, Chase C. "The Question of Slavery and the Free Negro in the Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1834." The Journal of Southern History 12, no. 4 (1946): 487–509.
Rugemer, Edward Bartlett. The Problem of Emancipation: The Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.
Scott, Julius S. The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution. London and New York: Verso Books, 2018.
[1] Journal of the Convention of the State of Tennessee: Convened for the Purpose of Revising and Amending the Constitution Thereof. Held in Nashville. (Nashville: W.H. Hunt and co. Printers, 1834), 92 and 93.
[2] Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee, 1803, 44. In Arroyo, "Poor Whites, Slaves, and Free Blacks in Tennessee, 1796-1861," Tennessee History: The Land, The People, and the Culture, edited by Carroll Van West (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1998), 107.
[3] Lester C. Lamon, Blacks in Tennessee, 1791-1970 (Knoxville:, University of Tennessee Press, 1981), 13.
[4] Ibid., 13 and 14.
[5] Manisha Sinha, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2016), 175.
[6] James Osburn to James K. Polk, March 23rd, 1834. Correspondence of James K. Polk: Volume II, 1833-1834, edited by Herbert Weaver, and Wayne Cutler (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1969), 372.
[7] Journal of the Convention of the State of Tennessee, 92.
[8] Ibid., 92.
[10] Ibid., 98 and 108.
[11] Nashville Republican and State Gazette, July 5, 1834 in Chase C. Mooney "The Question of Slavery and the Free Negro in the Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1834." The Journal of Southern History 12, no. 4 (1946): 505.
[12] Ibid., 184. For states banning Black Americans from using firearms see The Nat Turner Project https://www.natturnerproject.org/laws-passed-march-15-1832.
[13] Ibid., 201.
HaitiHaitian RevolutionHistoryRaceSlaveryLeave a comment
Before Silencing the Past: Michel-Rolph Trouillot's Stirring the Pot of Haitian History
The Arab Uprisings and the Many Meanings of Revolution

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1986-89 Lincoln Town_Car faceplate(s) for your next car audio / stereo install!
1986-89 Lincoln Town_Car Installation Kit & Accessories for your next car audio / stereo install! Do your next car audio installation yourself!


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Q: reverse proxy nginx docker django so what I'm trying to do is to have two web apps: appli1 and appli2.
When i access from the browser to x.x.x.x:8000 i get the appli1 working good, but with x.x.x.x:8001 i don't get appli2 but I get again appli1. so how can I have this working correctly ?
here is my docker-compose file :
version: '3'

services:
  reverse-proxy:
    image: nginx
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ports:
      - 8000:8000
      - 8001:8001
  web:
    build: .
    command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
    depends_on:
      - redis
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    #ports:
      #- "8000:8000"
  web2:
    build: .
    command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8001
    depends_on:
      - redis
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
  redis:
    image: redis:3.2-alpine
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
volumes:
  redis_data:

and here is my nginx.conf file :
events {

}

http {
  server {
    listen 8000;
    server_name web.appli1.com;

    location / {
      proxy_pass http://web:8000;
    }
  }
  server {
    listen 8001;
    server_name web2.appli2.com;

    location / {
      proxy_pass http://web2:8001;
    }
  }
}

and here is my dockerfile :
FROM python:3
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
WORKDIR /app
ADD . /app
COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app
CMD . /app/djangodocker/

I've also  set the domains in /etc/hosts using ip of host machine

A: version: "3.7"
services:

  nginx:
     image: nginx:latest
     container_name: ngnix-proxy
     ports:
       - 8000:8000
     volumes:
       - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
     depends_on:
       - web
       - web2

server {
  listen 8000;
  root /srv/www/static;

  location / {
    index index.html index.htm;
    try_files $uri $uri/ @web @web2;
  }

  location @web {
    proxy_pass http://web:8000;
  }

  location @web2 {
    proxy_pass http://web2:8001;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » International » Story
New F-gas proposal – 'a missed opportunity'
Ambitious draft proposals watered down and lacking ambition, says EIA
CCME Content Team | Follow @ccmenews | Dec 22, 2012 | 4:23 pm
The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) has reacted with disappointment to the publication of the final proposal for the European Union's Review of the F-Gas Regulation, citing weak measures and a lack of ambition.
The proposed revisions, which were released by the European Commission on November 7, reportedly govern the use of climate-changing hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants – super greenhouse gases many hundreds or thousands of times more powerful than carbon dioxide.
Clare Perry, EIA Senior Campaigner, said: "We welcome the confirmation that Europe will begin phasing-out HFCs. However, the proposal is a missed opportunity and shows all the hallmarks of heavy industry lobbying. More ambitious draft proposals that were leaked previously have been watered down, bans have been removed and what [we] have left is lacking in ambition."
According to EIA, the new proposal contains a range of measures to reduce emissions of HFCs, including a cap and phase down of 79% by 2030, and bans on use of HFCs in domestic, hermetically sealed commercial systems (usually small) and some other applications. However, it also omits several key measures for which environmental campaign groups and many industry stakeholders have been calling, such as bans on the use of HFCs in new industrial and commercial refrigeration equipment. EIA highlighted that studies conducted for the European Commission have shown that new equipment bans can be implemented in all the key sectors by 2020.
In this regard, Alasdair Cameron, EIA Campaigner, said: "By failing to include ambitious bans, this new law will not achieve the emissions reductions required. The cap and phase down is weak and, without the back-up of bans in areas where we know safe and energy-efficient alternatives are available, it will not provide the certainty that industry needs to invest in new technologies and will not reach the emissions reductions needed.
"The Commission has been unable to provide the necessary level of ambition and it will be up to the European Parliament and the Member States to do better in the coming months. It is clear that we need, and can have, stronger measures and we are confident that in the end they can be achieved."
EIA pointed out that currently, HFCs account for about one to two per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, but estimates suggest this will rise to up to 19% by 2050 without action. HFCs are the only greenhouse gases on the rise in Europe, it added.


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A visit to Shaw Nature Reserve
>> Thursday, November 3, 2011 – autumn, grasses, seeds, trees
At least once a year my wife and I go to Shaw Nature Reserve. This 2300+ acre conservation area was formed in 1925 when the Missouri Botanical Garden (which I visited a few weeks ago) purchased five farms southwest of St. Louis to preserve the natural beauty of this part of the state.
We've never gone this late in the year before, but I'm glad we did, as it was beautiful! Many of the trees were still quite colorful, and the overcast day was perfect for photos.
The Reserve contains almost every habitat you'll find in this state: river bottoms, hills, woods, glades, and even a good-sized prairie. There are miles and miles of hiking trails, and although we didn't go as far as we usually do (I was feeling a bit run-down), we got some good exercise and saw plenty.
Although you can feel like you're alone much of the time, you're not going to think that you're in the wilderness, as the main trails are improved and usually marked:
But if you take some of the smaller trails it can almost seem like you're one of the rare humans that have been in this part of the world:
Some of the things I love most about forests: logs, especially those covered in moss:
Or even little grasses (sedges, if I had to guess):
And there's plenty of great bark texture:
I love bark!
I also love grasses, and the trail we chose this trip took us out of the woods and into the prairie:
but I'm getting ahead of myself. I'll talk about the prairie a little later.
Most of the land in the reserve is wooded, so you get to see a lot of forest, and (it probably goes without saying) a lot of trees.
Even though there are a lot of browns at this time of year, there are still pockets of color if you're paying attention, and the muted tones of the surroundings make these discoveries seem even more vibrant:
All of those were either along the trail in the woods, or at the edges of one of the glades in the reserve. I'll have to talk about the glades another time, preferably after another trip. (The glades are where you'll find most of the cool stuff -- snakes and lizards for instance.)
So, the prairie.
The prairie itself is quite impressive, with several different prairie grasses including big bluestem, little bluestem (a fantastic small ornamental grass for the garden), lots of wildflowers and other prairie plants that I couldn't identify, even a tipi (or "teepee") and a sod house!
Click for much larger version. See the tipi in the distance?
Most of the plants had gone to seed by now, and some of them were quite attractive:
As our hike came to a close and we neared our car, we came upon a beautiful sight: a great drift (grove?) of what has to be sumac, in its full blazing fall color:
The late afternoon sun started peeking out of the clouds at the same time, making the lighting just about perfect:
What a sight!
Although it probably goes without saying, there are beautiful mature trees everywhere, some labeled, some not...
But every one impressive in the way that only a very large tree can be, and we didn't even make it down to the river bottoms this visit -- where the really big trees are. Perhaps in the spring -- there's a clearing down by the river that is packed with bluebells in April. If you've never stood in a field of thousands of the same type of flower, it's quite an experience.
So even though I've just returned from this visit, I'm already planning (and excited about) my next one!
What a great resource to have nearby!
For more information, visit the Shaw Nature Reserve website.
Lancashire rose – (November 3, 2011 at 6:26 AM)
So that's where you took those great shots of fall berries and grasses. Although the name sounds familiar I can't remember if we ever visited Shaw. Seems like we must have, although only went to the Gardens twice. How I have changed since then.
Gerhard Bock – (November 3, 2011 at 9:45 AM)
Beautiful! The last three photos are particularly stunning. Thank you for sharing.
Andrea – (November 4, 2011 at 1:01 AM)
Oh how lovely it is to really have a great resource nearby! You are so blessed to be living near one. And the photos are amazing and very beautiful.


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Lil Nas X's 'Jolene' Cover Stays Faithful to the Original [Watch]
Angela Stefano Published: September 21, 2021
Lil Nas X's cover of Dolly Parton's classic song "Jolene" stays faithful to the original. There's little of the musical grandeur that the younger artist has become known for, but he doesn't need it to deliver this performance successfully.
"This song is kind of, like, beautifully sad, you know?" Lil Nas X shared of "Jolene" during his performance at the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge (quote via Billboard). "I like the little twang, like the country twang in it. So I was like, 'Lemme try this out.'"
Indeed, although he's backed by a full band, their instrumentation is spare, each musician adding just a little, even in the biggest moments, as Lil Nas X sings Parton's 1973 No. 1. Parton herself would certainly have approved of the rapper's stage décor — his microphone stand featured a gorgeous wildflower bouquet — and attire, which included a sparkling butterfly necklace.
Although he's since worked in the pop and hip-hop spaces, Lil Nas X earned his first hit with the twangy "Old Town Road," which became a multi-week Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 and a massive worldwide hit following its release in late 2018. The song sparked a debate when Billboard disqualified it from inclusion on its country music-focused charts, but after Billy Ray Cyrus joined Lil Nas X on a remix, "Old Town Road" won Musical Event of the Year at the CMA Awards; it also earned two Grammys and several other honors.
Lil Nas X sings with Cyrus' daughter, fellow artist Miley Cyrus, on his recently released new album, Montero. The younger Cyrus is, coincidentally, Parton's goddaughter.
Filed Under: Dolly Parton, Lil Nas X


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Although we take reasonable steps to prevent the introduction of viruses, worms, "trojan horses" or other destructive materials to the Pregnant@Work site, we do not guarantee or warrant that the Pregnant@Work site or materials that may be downloaded from the Pregnant@Work site are free from such destructive features. We are not liable for any damages or harm attributable to such features.
We are not liable for any claim, loss or injury based on errors, omissions, interruptions or other inaccuracies in the Pregnant@Work site, nor for any claim, loss or injury that results from your use of the Pregnant@Work site or your breach of any provision of this user agreement.


Our Live Auction is the centerpiece of our fabulous Lasagna Dinner! Do you have something to donate? Want to help us find items to donate? Give us your contact information and let us know what you want to do!
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We're excited to share our best skincare tips with you! Where would you like to go now?


text:
Q: DB cannot be found in Mongo container in docker The app (produced by docker-compose up) works as expected. But when I entered the mongo container (docker exec -it mongo) I cannot find db chatmongoose.
connectionString = 'mongodb://mongo:27017/chatmongoose'
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

version: '3.7'

services:
    server:
        build:
            context: ./server
            dockerfile: Dockerfile
        image: myapp-server
        container_name: myapp-node-server
        command: /usr/src/app/node_modules/.bin/nodemon server.js

        ports:
            - '5000:5000'
        links:
            - mongo
        environment:
            - NODE_ENV=development
        networks:
            - app-network
    mongo:
        container_name: mongo
        image: mongo
        volumes:
            - data-volume:/data/db
        ports:
            - '27017:27017'
        networks:
            - app-network
    client:
        build:
            context: ./client
            dockerfile: Dockerfile
        image: myapp-client
        container_name: myapp-react-client
        command: npm start
        depends_on:
            - server
        ports:
            - '3000:3000'
        networks:
            - app-network
networks:
    app-network:
        driver: bridge

volumes:
    data-volume:
    node_modules:
    web-root:
        driver: local

The data in app did work as expected but why I cannot find the db in container?

A: Could you try profile. It probably only start mongo but also volume will be valid.
docker-compose --profile mongo up

mongo:
     profiles: ["mongo"]
     container_name: mongo
     image: mongo
     volumes:
        - data-volume:/data/db
     ports:
        - '27017:27017'
     networks:
        - app-network


text:
06-02-2014 - Free! Blixaboy and exm remix Bozu!
Concrete Plastic regulars Blixaboy and exm lend their remixing skills to a track each from the current Bozu EP 'Never Odd or Even'.
The mixes are available exclusively through Boomkat, and can be downloaded for free when you purchase the full EP.
********* MESSAGE END *********
03-02-2014 - New CP artist joins the ranks - Bozu
15-01-2014 - CP's very own appears on Touched LP
Previous News...
Bozu / Never Odd Or Even
Never Odd Or Even' is the Concrete Plastic debut for North London-based producer Bozu. This is an EP of two halves, which brilliantly showcases his split musical personality.
Please select a track
Pocket Sized Hadron Collider
Just Another Dalek
I'll Never Know
Finish What I Started
Up first are a trio of tracks filled with bright, arpeggiated synths and huge, swaggering beats. These tunes have a kind of confident brashness that would not seem out of place in State-side urban music; cruising palm-lined Californian boulevards with the top down and the volume up. Bozu's distinctive melodies shimmer playfully throughout, bringing a nostalgia for 90's games consoles, but there are also moments of delicate beauty that betray a more emotional side to his music.
The next three tracks are a more introspective affair. Whilst the music still bears Bozu's trademark production style, the road trip is definitely over. The glittering melodies of the first half give way to warped vocals weaving a soul-searching message through swirling synths and murky sub bass. Bozu may give us hints of a West Coast sound on the first three tracks, but it's his London roots that are showing through the electronic melancholia here.
Copyright 2019. Concrete Plastic


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Fresh Design International, which has reshaped the Harley-Davidson® brand around the world, is strengthening its architectural services in the Humber region.
Having designed more than 300 Harley-Davidson® stores in 51 countries and with big name clients including Beretta, Jane Norman, Siemens and Timberland, the Hull-based firm is also focusing on development in the Humber area.
It has recruited architect Kristopher Jones to complete its local team.
Mr Jones, 30, aims to build on the work he has already accomplished in the region, including new build and refurbishment projects, and contribute to the ongoing development of his home city as it gears up for City of Culture 2017.
He completed his master's degree at Leeds School of Architecture (now Leeds Beckett University) and is a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
Before joining Fresh, he was involved with proposals for the transformation of the listed Bretton Hall in Yorkshire Sculpture Park into a luxury hotel and, more recently, in the Priority Schools Building Programme, including his old school, Hessle High School and Sixth Form, along with Francis Askew Primary School in Hull.
Since starting Fresh Design International in 2005, managing director Simon Wardle has built a global network of design agencies under the Fresh brand to provide innovative design solutions utilising knowledge and skills from around the world.
With Kristopher's appointment, we are offering a comprehensive design service to our home region.
Mr Jones said be believed in using architecture as a catalyst for growth, creating harmony between internal and external spaces as a method of communication, resulting in thought provoking environments.
Our starting point is getting to know clients' objectives, visions and goals, taking a holistic approach to design and develop environments, which can subconsciously influence the decisions of its users.
Good design should seem effortless, creating positive relationships with its users and as a result forming positive associations with the prospective brand or company.
Fresh Design International now has offices in the USA, Brazil, Japan, South Africa and Mexico with others soon to be opened in Eastern Europe, North America and the Far East.
This is an exciting time for the Fresh team, using local talent to influence design on a global scale.


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We conduct service repairs, provide full installation of equipment made by us, as well as assisting in the commissioning of new and used equipment by other OEM's.
Multiforce Contracts Ltd is a part of a global team of mechanical engineers manufacturing standard and bespoke equipment for the food and energy industries.
Our reputation for quality fabrication is unsurpassed in the United Kingdom, and has grown significantly in recent years to service global markets, our company has established itself as a manufacturer unafraid of taking on a challenge. Since Multiforce's inception in 1998, we have championed ourselves as manufacturers of truly unique and bespoke equipment solutions.
Our team have experience in a wide range of industries, manufacturing equipment for a vast variety of uses.
In addition to the knowledge that our technicians have in the food and energy industries, they are also well-versed in fabricating equipment in the water treatment, geothermal and chemical industries. All of Multiforce's products comply with current EU health and safety directives, and CE certification so that you can rest assured that all compliance is being met.
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text:
Q: Flutter why when I return to my original page the build runs again? why on flutter when I call another page using the
Navigator.pushNamed(context, 'namePage', arguments: varHello);

and in my page called namePage I get the argument varHello something like this:
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
   final aux = ModalRoute.of(context).settings.arguments;
  }

why when I go back to the original page the namePage build is sent to call again?
for explample if I put print in the build
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
   print("hello world");
   final aux = ModalRoute.of(context).settings.arguments;
  }

when I go to the namePage page on the consol print "hello world"
but when I go back to the previous page (where I sent to call the name page) the console prints again the "hello world"

A: From Flutter teams's reply.
Pages on Navigator stack rebuild when a new page is pushed
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/11655#issuecomment-348287396
This is working as intended. In general, you should assume that all widgets can rebuild at any time, that they don't is mostly just an optimisation.
In particular, routes will rebuild because their navigator state has changed so they might need to update how they draw back buttons and the like.


Surely many people coming across this scene can't keep calm.
Witnessing the strange scene on the road, the driver quickly took photos of this and then posted on the social networks. Although he underwent this scene, when he recalled, he was still shocked. The driver also wondered what happened if he came across this road in the evening or at night.
Accordingly, the photo recorded a scene of a suit and hat hung by someone on the roadside. If people see from a distance, they will be misunderstood because they can think about a scary scene. For example, many people will imagine a hung man.
This harmless scene can completely become the cause of the drivers startling, braking suddenly, leading to many risks of causing traffic accidents.
In addition to the comments surrounding the photo and the dangers it posed to pedestrians, there were many questions about the purpose of the clothes hung up?


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