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Meeting with Executive Director of Alternative Community Corrections Program
You have requested an opinion from the Committee as to whether a first justice or a chief justice may meet with the Executive Director of Roca, a non-profit organization, "to discuss the development and implementation of alternative community corrections pilot projects for high risk young men between the ages of 18 and 24" in your department. The Executive Director has informed you that she is a registered lobbyist. Your inquiry requires consideration of a judge's administrative responsibilities in connection with the notion that a judge should avoid the appearance of aligning oneself with a particular agenda.
I. Roca
According to your letter, Roca is a non-profit organization that is "dedicated to reducing violence by working with young people considered to be at high risk of becoming or staying involved with the criminal justice system." Roca receives financing from "a number of state and federal entities, as well as [from] various charitable foundations and earned income." You directed the Committee to Roca's website, rocainc.org, for additional information about the organization. There, Roca has posted its Donor List for 2010. As you noted, a number of state and federal entities appear on the list, including the United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States Department of Justice, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, and Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety. Local governments including the City of Boston and the City of Chelsea also appear on the list, as do various corporations such as State Street Corporation, Citizens Bank, and Pepsi-Co, Inc. The donors also include individuals as well as committees to elect various candidates, such as the Committee to Elect Robert DeLeo, the Committee to Elect Thomas Birmingham, and the Committee to Elect Mayor Thomas Ambrosino.
In a section of its website titled "Criminal Justice Reform," Roca describes its "vision of criminal justice in Massachusetts . . . . It is a vision of transformation, rather than punishment, based on what we know works with high risk young people." http://rocainc.org/services_criminal-justice-reform.php (last checked April 2, 2012). Roca is of the opinion that the criminal justice system in Massachusetts "is not working" because, inter alia, "[n]early half of those released from prison are back behind bars within three years. And young people are still not safe from violence on the streets of their communities. . . . [Therefore,] Massachusetts needs a robust system of community corrections to end the cycle of crime and imprisonment that is bursting the budget and failing to change lives." Id. To that end,
"Roca has proposed pilot projects to incorporate Roca's intervention model into the criminal justice system in two locations, providing intensive supervision and programming for young offenders ages 18 to 24 who are at high risk of re-offending. Differing from existing community corrections programs in intensity,comprehensiveness, and use of evidence-based practices, and differing from Roca's existing program because participation is mandatory, these pilot programs will put Roca's intervention model to work in the mainstream criminal justice system - and accelerate Roca's success at changing young people's lives."
Although Roca's Executive Director is a registered lobbyist, you write that she has informed you that "her efforts in connection with the creation of these pilot programs in the [court] do not constitute either `legislative lobbying' or `executive lobbying' within the definitions contained in G.L. c. 3, §39, 41, and further, that the definition of "covered executive official" appears to exclude the judicial branch. (See G. L. c. 3, §39.) (1)
II. Proposed Programming
In your letter, you explain that Roca has asked to meet with you and other judges from your department in order to familiarize the judges "with the unique target population which would be served by Roca's wrap-around program and services" to determine if ROCA's programming "could provide additional sentencing options for . . . judges, perhaps through court referrals or a subcontract with the Office of Community Corrections." You note that the proposed programming "would be evidence-based and is not unlike programs being implemented through grants to the Trial Court, specifically a program such as the recidivism reduction pilot in Essex County."(2)
III. Analysis
The purpose of your meeting with Roca's executive director is to learn more about an alternative community corrections pilot program and to discuss the possibility of implementing that program in your department. Section 3C(1) of the Code provides that "[a] judge shall diligently discharge the judge's administrative responsibilities without bias or prejudice, maintain professional competence in judicial administration, and cooperate with other judges and court personnel." Although the Committee has not had any occasion to consider this provision, it seems clear that meeting with Roca's executive director would fall within the administrative responsibilities of a first justice or a chief justice of your department.
Section 3C(1) specifically directs that a judge's discharge of administrative responsibilities must be "without bias or prejudice," and your inquiry has given the Committee no reason to infer that you would be exhibiting any bias or prejudice by meeting with the executive director. Overarching all of a judge's activities, however, is Canon 2's requirement that she avoid the appearance of impropriety. See CJE Opinion 2010-1 ("The Code of Judicial Conduct seeks to balance the important need for judges to work on the improvement of the law, the legal system and the administration of justice with the obligation to maintain both the appearance and actual independence from an advocacy point of view."). The question, then, is whether your meeting with the executive director of this non-profit organization will raise this appearance. The Committee has not addressed this question either with respect to a registered lobbyist whose program has no pre-existing relationship with the court, or with respect to a judge who must fulfill certain administrative duties.
Here, where ROCA has no pre-existing relationship with the court system, either contractually or as a litigant, there is no suggestion that it has a special connection to, or advantage with, the court. Additionally, you are not proposing to do anything that could be considered advocating on behalf of the organization. You are not asking whether you may become a member of the board of directors (See CJE Opinion 2006-7, noting that while a judge's service on a board of directors was permitted under Section 4C(3), "Canon 2 provides an important additional concern" that would prevent such membership)(3); nor asking whether you may write any letters of support (although this could be permissible, with appropriate caution, as within the proper exercise of your duty to provide for the efficient administration of justice in your court department; see CJE Opinion 2006-5) (4); nor asking whether you may accept payment of any kind (see CJE Opinion 2010-1, which noted that while accepting reimbursement for lodging expenses incurred by participating in a drug court conference that was not dominated by a "particular advocacy agenda" would have been permissible, the fact that the sponsoring foundation was "controlled by a board that includes some members with an active practice in the county and who may have business interests in front of the court" raised questions about creating an appearance of having special and favored relationship with the court, and so was prohibited (5)). Unlike the situations presented in those opinions which contained significant factors causing concern that the judge's proposed activity would create the appearance that the organization had a special connection and advantage in the court due to its pre-existing involvement with the court, your proposed activity is limited to an informational meeting in order to determine if ROCA's services might be appropriate to utilize as an alternative dispositional element in certain cases.
Finally, Roca arguably advances a particular policy agenda given its dedication to reducing violence by working with young people who have a high risk of becoming or staying involved with the criminal justice system. Where you and your court department have no pre-existing relationship with the program and you are doing nothing to advocate on its behalf, merely meeting with Roca will not convey an appearance of favoritism, or of advocacy on behalf of any particular constituency. Given this, the mere fact that Roca's executive director is a registered lobbyist does not prohibit you from meeting with her, nor does the fact that ROCA is a private, non-profit organization rather than a public entity change this result.
The Code does not prohibit a first justice or chief justice of your department from meeting with the executive director of Roca in order to discuss the development and implementation of an alternative community corrections pilot program. This activity is consistent with your administrative duties and does not raise the appearance of impropriety given Roca's lack of a relationship with the court system and that you are not advocating on its behalf.
(1) You write that the executive director informed you that her efforts in creating this program in your department do not constitute lobbying. The Committee has no jurisdiction to advise you regarding the state ethics law, G.L. c. 268A. ( See, e.g., CJE Opinion 2005-6 (suggesting that judge "verify with the State Ethics Commission that there are no other (non-Code) obstacles to" proposed activity as "[i]t is beyond this [C]ommittee's authority to advise [judge] on that question"); CJE Opinion 2004-10 (declining to answer judge's question concerning State Ethics Commission because "question is beyond the jurisdiction of this [C]ommittee").
(2) This program is the Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement ("HOPE") project in Essex County which is funded through a grant from the Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Assistance and National Institute of Justice, and which seeks to reduce recidivism among high-risk probationers. (October 2011 press release announcing HOPE project) (last checked April 2, 2012).
(3) In CJE Opinion 2006-7, the Committee was asked whether a judge could accept an invitation to be a board member of a non-profit health care provider focused on "treatment for substance abusers and those with mental health issues." The organization was noted to have rarely appeared in court as a party, but it had "a contract to provide services to at least one court in the Commonwealth" in the form of "`offer[ing] non-violent offenders a second chance as an alternative to prison.'" The Committee characterized this interaction between the court and the organization as "extensive" and as raising "a concern that [the judge's] membership on the board would give special connections and advantages to the organization." Additionally, the Committee was concerned that, to the extent the judge "suggest[ed] the organization's services to individuals who appear in [the judge's] court, [he] may be perceived as using the prestige of [his] office to advance the interests of the organization. But if [his] effort to avoid that perception leads [him] to refrain from recommending in an appropriate case that someone use the services of the organization, [his] involvement on the board will have interfered with the performance of [his] judicial duties." The Committee concluded that the Code did not permit the judge to serve as a member of the organization's board. While Roca's "agenda" is similar to the position of the organization in this opinion, which "`offer[ed] non-violent drug offenders a second chance, as an alternative to prison,'" this was not a factor in the Committee's decision that the Code prohibited the judge from serving on the organization's board of directors.
(4) CJE Opinion 2006-5, was a response to a request from a judge whether he could "send a certain letter in support of a local nonprofit organization's application for funding to operate the SAFEPLAN program at [his] court." The organization did not appear as "a litigant per se," but it did "always appear[] in support of one side - alleged victims of domestic violence - of the contested matters in which they are involved." Writing this letter was consistent with the judge's position as First Justice of his court, but the Committee advised the judge to take care in writing the letter "to assure . . . that there [was] nothing in the letter that might convey the appearance that the service organization is in the court's special favor or in any position to exert influence on the court."
(5) CJE Opinion 2010-1, involved a request from a judge who was participating in a drug conference and who asked whether he could "accept payment from a local foundation for lodging expenses . . . ." As the "proposed conference [was] designed to include participants with the range of views relevant to a drug court, including prosecution, defense, treatment, prevention, and the judge's perspective[,] . . . . the conference [was] not dominated by a `particular advocacy agenda.'" The judge's actual participation in the conference therefore did not violate the Code. The issue as to receiving payment from a foundation arose because the foundation was "controlled by a board that includes some members with an active practice in the county and who may have business interests in front of the court. This raises questions about whether these board members who vote for reimbursement would now have a special and favorable relationship with you." The Committee instructed the judge that he should not accept funding from the foundation "[i]f [he] were to conclude that recusal would be required when a lawyer from the [f]oundation board appeared before [him]," and if such recusal would be "sufficiently frequent that it would interfere with [his] judicial duties . . ."


Description or Caption: Cooking Channel Holiday Cocktail Party in glamorous jewel tones with a penguin motif and candy cane cocktials, bar snacks, hot chocolate, ornaments and champagne.
Melanie Grizzel, Camille Styles, 2012. Cooking Channel, LLC. All Right Reserved.
We here at Cooking Channel love a good party. But throwing a memorable event requires more than just gathering some food and drinks. We show you how, with just five main "ingredients" (including recipes, big-impact decorating ideas and easy DIY elements), you can throw a party that feels like it has a cohesive theme — minimal work required.
Between figuring out the perfect costume, tending to needy trick-or-treaters and fulfilling regular party-planning duties, hosting a Halloween party can often feel terrifying...and not in that thrilling horror movie way. For this year's festivities, try putting together a cocktail party that minimizes hosting stress, while still offering guests a night to remember. This voodoo-inspired bash relies on inexpensive, easy-to-find materials to set the ultra-spooky scene and a fuss-free, self-serve menu.
Click here to see the party brought to life, and get tips for hosting your own voodoo-themed Halloween party.
Set the scene by layering textural fabrics on the buffet table and backdrop. Play around with draping natural textiles like linen, burlap and jute, and combine them with tribal prints and dark, tattered fabric. To really give the bar a voodoo feel, fill glass containers to imitate potion bottles for an exotic element that's inexpensive and easy to assemble. Add the glow of votive candles and realistic skeleton bones, and your party space is instantly transformed into a creepy voodoo lair.
A simple spread of inspired refreshments can make a world of difference when it comes to your day-of responsibilities. To get the recipes from this party's menu and tips on making both the voodoo cookies and clever (and practical) herb boo-quet favors, click here.
Get more Halloween party recipes, creepy cocktail and homemade treat ideas here.
Camille Styles is the founder and editor of the lifestyle blog camillestyles.com, where she shares creative enterta ining ideas for parties and everyday life. She also owns Camille Styles Events, a design and planning firm that transforms ordinary events into extraordinary experiences.


Kick off your Sunday shoes!
For 5 years and 7 months Lynn Lander was the Chair Of The Board Of Directors at Carmel College in Auckland. She currently a Director on the Board of Te Ngakau Waiora Mercy Spirituality Centre in Epsom. You can watch this true Mercy woman talk about her time as Chair below.


I'm really new to all this ruby, gem, redmine, turnkey stuff. The problem is quite simple : I can't install any gems.
Environment : The Turnkey VM is run with virtualbox on a CentOS distro. The host machine is connected to the web through a proxy. I suspect the proxy to block the requests but I don't know how to check it. Wget requests works fine, the apt-get too but only through our cache server.
At first I thought I had to upgrade redmine but the upgrade itself requires gem to install stuff.


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Brian Chesky is the CEO and Co-Founder of Airbnb.
BusinessL10nSponsored
Airbnb awards largest contract in language industry
https://multilingual.com/wp-content/uploads/Airbnb-awards-largest-contract-in-language-industry-online-audio-converter.com_.mp3
Airbnb announced this morning a suite of new and expanded services, among them a new translation engine to improve guests' and hosts' user experience.
The new Translation Engine is designed to provide homeowners and guests a seamless experience in more than 60 languages through a sophisticated machine learning process. By automatically translating listing descriptions and reviews, Translation Engine removes the need for click-to-translate buttons, providing a simpler and more intuitive experience for all Airbnb users.
Airbnb Head of Localization Salvo Giammarresi first envisioned the new system in 2018 when he was interviewing for his position. It was an immense undertaking, aligning more than 100 people across several teams and countries.
"While our team had the vision, set the direction, and built the Translation Engine technology in partnership with Translated, we needed to partner with all the teams that managed product flows where user generated content was being ingested and displayed," Giammarresi said. "It definitely had its challenges, but it's so rewarding when you see the final product and hard work the team accomplished."
Italian LSP Translated worked with Airbnb to create a custom solution using their ModernMT engine with the support of highly skilled human translators to enable the technological breakthrough. Although no figures were disclosed, the volume of translations involved in this effort would place this contract among the largest in the history of the language industry.
"For Airbnb, 2021 has been a year of relentless innovation to refine our core service," said Brian Chesky, CEO and Co-Founder of Airbnb. "With the Airbnb 2021 Winter Release, we've delivered more than 150 upgrades and innovations this year. Our design-driven approach means that we're constantly improving our service to adapt to this changing world."
Translation Engine was announced alongside more than 50 upgrades to the entire Airbnb platform, including the AirCover damage protection service, new accessibility options, verified Wi-Fi connection speeds and more. It signals an ambitious new era for the company as the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic and travel begins to escalate. The services are also designed to accommodate individuals who take their work on the road, using guaranteed internet speeds and other services to travel more often — or even perpetually — as so-called "digital nomads."
"The world is undergoing a revolution in how we live and work," Giammarresi said. "Technologies like Zoom make it possible to work from home. Airbnb makes it possible to work from any home. And as a result, consumers are demanding a newfound flexibility."
According to the company, 20% of nights booked between July and September were for stays of a month or longer, and 45% booked for at least a week. Company executives believe this signals a sea change as individuals redefine travel for a new decade.
"For the first time ever, millions of people can now travel anytime, anywhere, for any length, and even live anywhere on Airbnb," said Chesky. "This is a travel revolution."
Subscribe to MultiLingual magazine for more in-depth coverage of this story.
Note: An earlier version of this article misstated the MT engine involved in Airbnb's new services. It has been corrected. In addition, the article has been expanded to include information from Airbnb Head of Localization Salvo Giammarresi.
Machine translation is no substitute for humans when it comes to law enforcement
Translated is reshaping how ads are localized with a unique service for 200 languages and all platforms
SignLab Amsterdam Works on MT for Signed Languages
Waverly Labs unveils new translation products at CES
20 Year Strategy for Irish Language Launched: It's All Politics
Brian Chesky
Cameron Rasmusson
Cameron Rasmusson is a writer and journalist. His first job out of the University of Montana School of Journalism took him to Sandpoint, Idaho as a staff writer for the Bonner County Daily Bee. Since 2010 he's honed his skills as a writer and reporter, joining the MultiLingual staff as Editor-in-Chief in 2021.
Make sure you add Multilingual News to your contacts so emails do not go to spam.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nick Bosa Punished for Illegal Hit That Sidelined Vikings Starter
By	Jordan J. Wilson
Getty	Nick Bosa #97 of the San Francisco 49ers warms up prior to the game against the New Orleans Saints at Mercedes Benz Superdome on December 08, 2019 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
The NFL has decided to fine San Francisco 49ers rookie Nick Bosa for administering a blindside block that sidelined one of Minnesota's starters during last week's divisional game.
After Kirk Cousins threw an interception partway into the third quarter, Bosa delivered a blindside block to Vikings right tackle Brian O'Neill that knocked him off his feet and left him down on the field until trainers were able to attend to him. The 49ers defensive end was flagged 15 yards for unnecessary roughness on the play, riling up the Vikings' sideline, but the damage was already done as O'Neill headed straight for the locker room and did not return.
The blindside block by Bosa in which Brian O'Neill is being evaluated for a concussion pic.twitter.com/xabbTHXZWh
— ForeverGridiron? (@ForeverGridiron) January 11, 2020
According to NFL Network's Tom Pelissero, Bosa was fined $28,075 on Saturday for the hit that some of the Vikings, including head coach Mike Zimmer, called a "cheap shot" in the aftermath, but 49ers coach Kyle Shanahan has continued to defend his prized rookie from the notion that he had intended to hurt O'Neill on the play.
"I think people say 'cheap shot' when somebody gets hit violently, and to me 'cheap shot' means your intent is to try to hurt someone," Shanahan told reporters Monday. "And I don't think he's thinking about that at all. That's a normal block in football for a long time. The guy wasn't completely out of the play. It was a guy who could've made the tackle, and Bosa went and hit him. That's a rule. You can't do that right now. You can't hit a guy in that position."
After O'Neill exited the game, Bosa recorded two sacks in the fourth quarter to help the 49ers win 27-10 and advanced to this Sunday's NFC Championship game against the Green Bay Packers.
Follow the Heavy on NFL Facebook page for the latest breaking news, rumors and content!
Fine Likely Won't Phase Nick Bosa
While Bosa will have to pay his fine and could have a bad reputation around Minnesota for a little while, it doesn't seem likely he will carry around a negative stigma for long.
Not only does Bosa have the support of his head coach on the recent matter, but he has also earned praise from around the league after a terrific first NFL season. Earlier this week, the Pro Football Writers of America honored Bosa as both their Defensive Rookie of the Year and their overall NFL Rookie of the Year after making six tackles, two sacks, three quarterback hits and a pass breakup during his playoff debut last week.
Bosa finished his first regular season with 47 tackles, nine sacks, a forced fumble, two fumble recoveries and an interception while starting 14 of 16 games on one of 2019's strongest defensive fronts. He earned the distinction of NFC Defensive Player of the Month during October and was later picked for the Pro Bowl, also receiving one vote for All-Pro as an edge rusher.
The 49ers will need the best from Bosa this Sunday night when they host the Packers for a chance to reach their first Super Bowl since 2013. The rookie was strong against Aaron Rodgers and his cohorts when the two teams met during Week 12 at Levi's Stadium, recording one sack and recovering a fumble that helped jolt the 49ers ahead early on.
READ NEXT: Aaron Jones Hacked, Leading to NSFW Tweets About Mitchell Trubisky
Football, Minnesota Vikings, NFL, NFL playoffs, San Francisco 49ers
San Francisco's Rookie of the Year has been assessed his punishment for a cheap shot on a Vikings starting lineman during last week's divisional-round game.


Qualter Hall is delighted to announce that they had a fantastic 2015 with several contract wins to add to an already busy order book.
Qualter Hall was founded in 1860 and has a heritage in servicing the deep mining industry. Over more recent years, the company has diversified its core skills and now employs over 130 people dedicated to mechanical, structural, electronic, electrical, hydraulic and production engineering. The company has built up a renowned reputation for providing a unique service in the field of bespoke, turnkey project engineering both in the UK and Worldwide, on a vast range of products.
Qualter Hall, along with main contractor CH2M and a number of other partners, has successfully secured a 10 year framework agreement with the Environment Agency (7 years with option for further 3 years) to deliver one of the world's largest flood risk management programmes, Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100 (TEAM 2100).
The existing tidal flood defence system extends from Teddington in West London through to Sheerness and Shoeburyness in Kent and Essex, protecting 1.25 million people and £200 billon worth of property and is formed from over 3500 assets, including the iconic Thames Barrier.
The project involves the management of fixed and active structures on the Thames Estuary including eight major flood barriers, numerous flood gates, outfalls, pumping stations and major civil embankment works.
Qualter Hall's role is the lead Delivery Team Partner on the upgrade and refurbishment of the eight major flood barriers including the Thames Barrier, Barking Barrier and Dartford Creek Barrier. In addition, Qualter Hall has a secondary role to provide M & E support on the smaller flood gates, outfalls and pumping stations.
TEAM2100, main contract on CH2M valued at £300 million, is delivering the first 10 years of capital investment in the tidal flood defences as recommended by the TE2100 Plan. The plan, delivered by the Environment Agency, aims to protect London and the Thames Estuary from current and future flooding through to 2100.
The Hull Tidal Surge Barrier is a vital flood defence, protecting thousands of properties in Hull and the surrounding area.
In 2010 Qualter Hall completed the major refurbishment of the Barrier for the Environment Agency including the total replacement of the drive mechanism with a completely new modern design, with all new equipment being fully assembled and tested at the Qualter Hall facility in Barnsley, prior to installation on site. The contract also included the provision of a 3 year maintenance period following on from takeover.
Qualter Hall have now been awarded a new contract covering a further 4 years of continuing maintenance of the Hull Tidal Surge Barrier, including programme servicing of the mechanical, electrical and hydraulic equipment and systems of the Barrier.
As part of a long established relationship with the rail transportation division of global transportation company Bombardier, Qualter Hall has over recent years been commissioned to manufacture numerous railway rolling stock steel components.
At the start of the year Bombardier awarded Qualter Hall an additional major contract for railway rolling stock components, followed by a further extension in the middle of the year. This includes components as part of Bombardiers's contract to deliver new Class 387 trains for the Govia Thameslink Railway, for operation on the Gatwick Express.
Later in the year a further major order was received from Bombardier as part of their contract to build eighty Class 387 trains for Porterbrook.
Qualter Hall has been awarded a contract by main contractor Volker Stevin, for the design, manufacture, installation, commissioning and two years maintenance of the hydraulic, electrical and control equipment for the Flood Barrier.
The Barrier is being built at the mouth of the New Cut of the River Orwell on Ipswich waterfront, to protect 1500 homes and 400 businesses from flooding as sea levels increase.
Orders continued to be received for Qualter Hall's Hugh Smith range of large machines for plate bending and forming, including new and refurbishing of machines used for shipbuilding in the UK.
Qualter Hall has continued to receive orders for their highly specialised work in supplying sophisticated equipment including robotics, for nuclear related projects.


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The process of distributing assignments, retrieving student work, giving feedback, seeing revised work, essentially generating a loop of interaction between students and teacher, is called workflow. In traditional forms, this might look like a stack of papers that are passed out in class, assignments are worked on by the students, they turn them in to be graded, or for feedback depending on the type of assignment and project. Work may then be handed back for revisions and so forth.
With the tools of today, workflow takes on a very different look. While the exchange of documents still takes place, albeit in digital form, the process can be much more dynamic. Students turn in work, but also keep a working copy automatically on their device. And with Google Drive, they can access that copy anywhere on any device with an internet connection. Therefore, when a teacher, or a peer in many cases, gives feedback on that work, students can make immediate modifications as necessary. The interchange of documents is much quicker than traditional methods, which would normally take up valuable instructional time in class getting paperwork out and back.
Here at St. Matthew's we use Hapara Teacher Dashboard to monitor student work in Google Docs. This tool allows a teacher to get an overview of each class, see all documents that their students are working on, and gives them sharing permissions to be able to comment on (and even directly edit) student work. Teachers can also review student email accounts, and change student passwords if necessary. The following video from Hapara will give you an overview of Teacher Dashboard.
In Google Drive, templates can be used to distribute assignment sheets, but this is often a cumbersome process. Hapara has a much simpler tool, called Smart Copy. Please see this short tutorial on how to use Smart Copy to place a copy of an assignment in each student's folder.
Dropbox - Teachers can share a folder with the entire class for distribution of work, then share individual folders with each student for more personalized feedback. A number of apps on the iPad work in conjunction with Dropbox, such as Notability, QuickOffice Pro, and Explain Everything.
Otixo - This tool provides a single location to access a number of cloud-based resources, such as Google Drive, Dropbox, Box.net and more. Otixo can be used with Pages and Keynote on the iPad, which don't currently allow uploads to or downloads from Dropbox directly.
Below you will find information that is given to students in their online bootcamp. It describes how they should name files, how work is submitted electronically, and what tools they use to check homework and other important calendar items. What you see here is written with the student audience in mind.
How would you name a file for yourself if you were working on a report about native americans?
Using the Rjenda app, or the Rjenda web site, you can check your homework assignments, as well as other important calendar items. For incoming 6th graders this will be new to you, but your teachers and the technology department are here to help you learn this system. They will assist you in setting up your account at the beginning of the school year.
Google Drive: Any written work in Google Drive can be shared with your teacher through your Google account. This can include a text document, a presentation, a spreadsheet. You may use Safari, the Google Drive App or QuickOffice Pro for your work in Google Drive.
Dropbox: Dropbox can be used for any kind of file, photos, videos, reports in Pages, projects in Keynote and more. A dropbox account is free to set up. Your teachers will help you with this when the school year begins.
Email: In some cases, email may be the best method for turning in assignments, it will depend on the class and type of assignment given.


text:
World J Oncol
World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.wjon.org
Volume 3, Number 1, February 2012, pages 1-7
New Considerations in the Design of Clinical Trials for Bone Metastases
Madeline Lemkea, Karen Liena, Liang Zenga, Marko Popovica, Michelle Zhoua, Julia Digiovannia, Emily Chena, Edward Chowa, b
aRapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
bCorresponding author: Edward Chow, Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
Manuscript accepted for publication January 27, 2012
Short title: Clinical Trials in Bone Metastases
doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/wjon445w
International Consensus on Palliative Radiotherapy Endpoints in Clinical Trials in Bone Metastases
Abstract ▴Top
Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is prescribed to patients with bone metastases to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. The lack of consistent endpoints for such trials has made cross study comparison difficult and has led to contradictory conclusions. The International Bone Metastases Consensus Working Party was established to create a standard set of endpoints and recommendations for future clinical trials. Recommendations were included regarding eligibility criteria, pain assessments, follow-up assessments, timing, as well as radiation techniques. Suggestions were also made to facilitate the ease with which different studies could be compared as well as to encourage widespread consistency in certain aspects of trial design. Investigators conducting clinical trials in bone metastases should continue to adopt these recommendations to ensure consistent guidelines based on the most recent literature.
Keywords: Bone metastases; Palliative radiotherapy; Consensus; Future direction
Introduction ▴Top
Bone metastases are a frequent complication in patients with advanced cancer [1, 2]. Morbidity related to bone metastases is significant and includes pathologic fractures and spinal cord compression that subsequently reduce quality of life (QOL) [2-4]. Treatments for bone metastases are palliative, often with the intent of reducing the commonly associated pain [2, 4]. Radiotherapy in particular is commonly prescribed as an efficacious and efficient method to reduce symptoms associated with bone metastases.
International Consensus on Palliative Radiotherapy Endpoints in Clinical Trials in Bone Metastases ▴Top
Clinical trials have lent much to the understanding of external beam radiotherapy as an effective method for treating bone metastases [5]. Previous trials [5-7] evaluating the use of different dose fractionations have reported varying degrees of benefit gained from treatment which may be attributed to the lack of consistent study endpoints and endpoint definitions. For example, the RTOG evaluated data from their large randomized trial twice, once including only pain scores [8], and again, including both pain analgesic scores and the use of retreatment [9]. The authors concluded that both fractionated and single treatments were equally efficacious in the case of the former, but when analgesic scores and retreatment were included, the protracted fractionation schedules were of greater benefit in complete response analysis. In another randomized trial, Kirkbride et al. compared the efficacy of 8 Gy in 1 fraction vs. 20 Gy in 5 fractions for the palliation of bone metastases in a phase III randomized setting, use of analgesics was recorded along with pain scores (which had been used as a standard since) [10]. In the primary analysis, assessing pain scores alone, more significant pain relief was observed in the group who received hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens. However, when including analgesic intake, no significant difference in response was observed between the two regimens [10], which has been confirmed by numerous randomized trials and compiled in three meta-analyses [5-7].
As clinical trial design is subject to a variety of factors including study purpose, investigator preference, resources and personnel, two studies conducted for a similar purpose may diverge significantly at various stages. To maximize the opportunity for cross study comparison and consistency, the International Bone Metastases Consensus Working Party was established with the goal of producing unified endpoint definitions and recommendations for the design of future clinical trials in bone metastases.
International consensus (2002)
The 2002 publication detailed the development of such endpoints and recommended specific standardized criteria, such as the inclusion of formal definitions of response rate that incorporated analgesic uptake (Table 1) [11]. Additionally, suggestions were made to aspects of clinical trial design for bone metastases such as eligibility criteria, pain assessments, follow-up assessments and timing as well as radiation techniques.
Click to view Table 1. Response Categories
At the time of publication, directives for future research included: assessing the validity of proxy data, emphasis on developing accurate survival prediction methods, validation of bone metastases-specific quality of life (QOL) assessments, as well as investigating the cost-effectiveness of treatment [11]. Following the publication of the original consensus paper, several authors incorporated the updated endpoint definitions in their respective clinical trials [12-15]. Despite the fact that the incorporation of analgesic intake into response rate criteria resulted in a decrease in overall response rate, the data proving pain relief equivalency between single versus multiple fraction regimens has been consistently reported [1].
Update of the international consensus (2011)
To ensure that the previously developed guidelines reflect the most recent evidence, the group published an update to the original 2002 consensus paper in 2011 [1]. Additional recommendations were made to facilitate cross study comparison and consistency by encouraging the use of well-established and well-defined endpoints, along with various suggestions and modifications to certain aspects of study design.
The updated consensus included previously unaddressed points such as the recommendation of specific QOL instruments, the allowance of proxy-rated data and a well-defined re-irradiation timeline, amongst other items. Some recommendations were deemed 'minimum features' of a bone metastases clinical trial and included the use of explicitly defined anchors on ordinal pain scale, offering electronic data capture methods for patients, utilization of proxy-rated data when necessary, and the use of validated QOL instruments specific to bone metastases. Items with >80% agreement are presented in Figure 1.
Click for large image Figure 1. Items with > 80% Agreement. *Items with > 80% agreement as per the 2011 International Consensus. For other items, please see publication (1).
Palliative radiotherapy side effects
As improvement of QOL is key for patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases, two key side effects have been discussed during the composition of the International Consensus - pain flare and radiation induced nausea and vomiting (RINV).
Palliative radiotherapy is typically associated with few treatment-related side-effects, most of which are conditional on the site that is irradiated [16]. A common side effect of patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases is pain flare defined as a temporary increase in bone pain immediately after radiotherapy [17, 18]. The transient increase in pain may subsequently reduce quality of life for the few days after treatment. Patients are usually directed to commence intake of 'break-through' pain medications on onset of pain flare, however, opioids do not prevent the phenomenon altogether and patients would still experience some degree of pain. The steroid dexamethasone is currently undergoing a randomized phase III study for the prophylaxis of pain flare in Canada. The phase II studies that have been completed since have shown promise, reducing the number of patients experiencing pain flare from approximately 2/5 to 1/5 [17, 18]. Patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy should be made aware of this phenomenon and be instructed regarding preventative or management strategies.
Despite being commonly associated as a side effect of chemotherapy, radiation induced nausea and vomiting can affect a significant percentage of patients depending on the areas irradiated [19]. Along with reductions in QOL, RINV can impair both functional and physical status [20] and should be proactively managed especially in high risk patients. Presutti et al. assessed the pattern of RINV in a palliative radiotherapy clinic, and found that approximately half of their sample experienced RINV, which occurred up to 10 days post-treatment [21]. Although the prevalence of this side effect is quite high, there exist few trials which have assessed management strategies for RINV. Salvo et al. conducted a systematic review of randomized trials examining the prophylaxis of RINV using 5-hydroxythryptamine-3 serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT3 RAs) [19]. Although evidence exists supporting the use of 5-HT3 RAs for emesis, there is little data to support prophylaxis of nausea; even fewer data existed concerning QOL outcomes, adverse effects, or need for other rescue medicines. The authors concluded that further trials were necessary to investigate this issue in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy.
Future Directions ▴Top
Steps towards the recommendations made will maximize the ability of future clinical trials to produce consistent data that can be easily interpreted and compared against other trials. However, early adoption of recommended guidelines can be limited by the lack of appropriate instruments. Guidelines, in turn, should be updated periodically to reflect both tools and technologies that are newly available.
Bone specific quality of life instruments
As treatment aims shift towards palliation, QOL endpoints are important in quantifying the efficacy of an intervention. To effectively measure such an endpoint, change or improvement to QOL must be well defined. Furthermore, instruments must be able to capture meaningful QOL changes [22]. To be able to capture even the most subtle QOL changes relevant to a population, disease specific QOL instruments should be used whenever possible [23].
Prior to the development of a module specific to patients with bone metastases, quality of life issues were assessed most commonly through the EORTC QLQ-C30, a general questionnaire for all cancer patients [24]. The need for a more disease-specific assessment became apparent, as patients expressed a lack of consideration for relevant concerns such as pathological fractures, mobility issues or functional impairment [25]. The EORTC QLQ-BM22 was developed as a module to assess quality of life issues specific to patients with bone metastases. The instrument is administered with the QLQ-C30 and consists of 22 items in 4 scale responses (painful sites, painful characteristics, functional interference and psychosocial aspects) [26].
The development of the QLQ-BM22 took place over 4 phases as outlined by the EORTC Quality of Life Group [27]. In phase 1, ideas were generated regarding QOL issues relevant to patients with bone metastases. This included literature searches and interviews of both patients and health care practitioners involved in the care of such patients in three countries. Phase 2 commenced after the most important issues in phase 1 were designed to EORTC guidelines (i.e. 4-point response scales and questions regarding the last week). A total of 170 patients from nine countries assisted in the testing of the QLQ-BM22 under phase 3. Patients were debriefed and asked if any items were confusing, upsetting or intrusive, and to comment on whether or how a question should be altered if they found so. International field testing was conducted in 7 countries, and the results published in August 2011 confirmed the instrument's reliability, validity and sensitivity in assessment of health related quality of life issues. Well-received by test centres and patients, the disease specific tool is now recommended for use in clinical trials assessing quality of life issues for patients with bone metastases [1].
The BOMET-QOL assessment is another health related QOL tool available to assess the experience of bone metastases patients [28]. Consisting of 10 questions scored on 5 point scales, the focus of this instrument differs from that of the BM22 in that it specifically addresses issues of pain and health related quality of life (HRQOL) deficits, while the BM22 encompasses additional factors such as treatment effects and psychosocial factors [29].With the advent of recently developed and validated tools that are disease specific to bone metastases, it is recommended that future trials employ such tools in conjunction with existing, general QOL measures [26].
Follow-up of advanced cancer patients
Although self-rated patient data is ideal in clinical trials, it may become increasingly difficult for patients to complete assessments due to disease progression. This, in turn, can lead to poor data quality, reduce the ability to draw strong conclusions, or limit the ability to conduct analysis altogether [30]. To prevent significant drop-offs in data collection due to attrition, researchers have recommended the use of proxy data collection when the patient feels too tired or ill to do so. According to the 2011 consensus update, 72% of international experts would agree with collecting pain scores by proxy if the patient was too ill to complete the self-assessment [1].
While congruency between patient and proxy rated data varies depending on the population studied and the assessments used [31-33], proxy-rated data may offer valuable information in disease stages that would otherwise not be captured. Proxy validation for the EORTC QLQ-C30 has previously been demonstrated, showing good convergence between patient and proxy ratings at QOL scale extremities; for intermediate QOL ratings, however, more disagreement was observed [31]. As the disease specific module QLQ-BM22 has only recently been validated, next steps may include validation for proxy use to minimize the deleterious effects on data collection that come with patients' declining cognitive and physical status.
Just as the development of more sensitive assessments aid the clinical trial process, new technologies should also be considered for use in clinical trial design. As technologies such as electronic data capture (EDC) and interactive voice recognition systems (IVRS) become more widespread and familiar to patients and physicians, clinical trial design should be adapted accordingly to improve the quality and efficiency of data collection. These methods, which shift away from the use of paper forms, have been shown to be cost-effective and patient friendly [34, 35]. Bliven et al. validated the use of computer software to administer similar health related QOL questionnaires and found high correlation between scores collected through electronic and paper methods [35]. Furthermore, they found that over 80% of patients preferred the online assessment to pen and paper methods; demographic factors such as computer literacy, age, and education level did not significantly impact completion of assessments. As such, EDC has been included as an option by which patients can choose to complete assessments [26].
Although the validity of data collected through EDC must be shown for the specific assessment and population in study, a number of studies involving cancer populations have shown good reliability and consistency between electronic and paper formats of testing [36-38]. IVRS represents another promising method of data capture, employing recorded, automated messages to deliver assessments [39]. Like electronic data capture, IVRS has shown good validity and reliability when compared to assessments completed in paper [40].
While the recommendations of employing electronic data capture are in response to patient preference, the utilization of proxy-rated data represents another way to alleviate patient burden by allowing a proxy to complete assessments on the patient's behalf. To further reduce the burden placed on patients, condensed assessments created specifically for palliative populations are recommended, rather than their full length counterparts [1, 25]. For example, the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL is a shortened core instrument used to study QOL concerns in palliative cancer patients, and has been described in multiple studies as more practical for palliative populations, resulting in better compliance rates [41]. Although the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL represents a condensed version of the longer instrument, the information captured is both detailed and meaningful. Caissie et al. observed trends for certain cancer populations based on item responses; they found that patients who had bone metastases reported worse pain scores than others, while those with lung and brain cancers had more issues with fatigue [42].
Conclusion ▴Top
The International Consensus, updated in 2011, provides the means to facilitate cross study comparison and effective data collection amongst patients with bone metastases being treated with radiotherapy. A major advance provided by the International Consensus is the recommendation of specific endpoints, to ensure data from similar studies is accurate to compare. The defined endpoints created by the International Consensus have been adopted by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), who echo the importance of using these defined endpoints in future studies [43]. Future directions to facilitate cross study comparison include using bone metastases specific quality of life tools, such as EORTC QLQ-BM22 with QLQ-C30, or BOMET-QOL. To relieve patient burden and optimize patient participation, the use of a proxy, electronic data capture and interactive voice recognition systems, and using short, specific quality of life assessments are recommended.
We thank the generous support of Bratty Family Fund, Michael and Karyn Goldstein Cancer Research Fund, Joseph and Silvana Melara Cancer Research Fund, and Ofelia Cancer Research Fund.
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
References ▴Top
Chow E, Hoskin P, Mitera G, Zeng L, Lutz S, Roos D, Hahn C, et al. Update of the International Consensus on Palliative Radiotherapy Endpoints for Future Clinical Trials in Bone Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;
Coluzzi F, Mandatori I, Mattia C. Emerging therapies in metastatic bone pain. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2011;16(3):441-458.
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Caissie A, Culleton S, Nguyen J, Zhang L, Zeng L, Holden L, Dennis K, et al. EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL quality of life scores in patients with advanced cancer referred for palliative radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2011;
Lutz S, Berk L, Chang E, Chow E, Hahn C, Hoskin P, Howell D, et al. Palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: an ASTRO evidence-based guideline. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;79(4):965-976.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
World Journal of Oncology is published by Elmer Press Inc.


text:
Somnath Rath (17 February 1924 – 7 October 2013) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.

References

External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website

1924 births
Lok Sabha members from Odisha
India MPs 1984–1989
Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha
2013 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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	/*
	 *添加订单评论
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: ffmpeg adding audio to videos file duration issue I am adding a background music mp3 file in the existing video file using the following ffmpeg command
ffmpeg \
-i ./output/output.mp4 \
-i ./output/audio-loop.mp3 \
-filter_complex \
"[0:a]apad[main]; \
 [1:a]volume=-31dB,apad[A]; \
[main][A]amerge[out]" \
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac -map 0:v -map "[out]" \
-ac 2 -shortest -y ./output/new_output.mp4

Everything is working fine with the above command except the video file duration.
The duration of the output.mp4 file is 1:30 seconds.
When running the above command then the new_output.mp4 file duration is not the same as the original file it's 1:27 seconds but the original file duration is 1:30 seconds.
audio-loop.mp3 file duration is 3:16 seconds
Please help
Complete Logs
ffmpeg version 4.3.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.29)
  configuration: --prefix=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ffmpeg/4.3.1_9 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --enable-avresample --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags= --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libbluray --enable-libdav1d --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librav1e --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsrt --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libsoxr --enable-libzmq --enable-libzimg --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack --enable-videotoolbox
  libavutil      56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
  libavcodec     58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
  libavformat    58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
  libavdevice    58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
  libavfilter     7. 85.100 /  7. 85.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  7.100 /  5.  7.100
  libswresample   3.  7.100 /  3.  7.100
  libpostproc    55.  7.100 / 55.  7.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from './output/output.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.45.100
  Duration: 00:01:29.84, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 564 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (Main) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709), 1280x720, 479 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 12k tbn, 60 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 24000 Hz, mono, fltp, 93 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
Input #1, mp3, from './output/audio-loop.mp3':
  Duration: 00:03:16.26, start: 0.025057, bitrate: 192 kb/s
    Stream #1:0: Audio: mp3, 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 192 kb/s
    Metadata:
      encoder         : LAME3.97
    Side data:
      replaygain: track gain - -5.700000, track peak - unknown, album gain - unknown, album peak - unknown,
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:1 (aac) -> apad (graph 0)
  Stream #1:0 (mp3float) -> volume (graph 0)
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  amerge (graph 0) -> Stream #0:1 (aac)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] using cpu capabilities: ARMv8 NEON
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] profile High, level 3.1, 4:2:0, 8-bit
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] 264 - core 161 r3043 59c0609 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2021 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
[Parsed_amerge_3 @ 0x140f17dd0] No channel layout for input 1
Output #0, mp4, to './output/new_output.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.45.100
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(progressive), 1280x720, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      encoder         : Lavc58.91.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
    Stream #0:1: Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 24000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.91.100 aac
frame= 2611 fps=532 q=-1.0 Lsize=    2002kB time=00:01:27.04 bitrate= 188.4kbits/s speed=17.7x
video:567kB audio:1366kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 3.577758%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] frame I:11    Avg QP:18.32  size: 23236
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] frame P:683   Avg QP:23.17  size:   282
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] frame B:1917  Avg QP:33.29  size:    68
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] consecutive B-frames:  1.2%  2.7%  0.2% 95.9%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] mb I  I16..4:  7.9% 81.2% 10.9%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] mb P  I16..4:  0.0%  0.1%  0.0%  P16..4:  0.3%  0.0%  0.1%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:99.5%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] mb B  I16..4:  0.0%  0.1%  0.0%  B16..8:  0.5%  0.0%  0.0%  direct: 0.0%  skip:99.4%  L0:45.4% L1:54.1% BI: 0.5%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] 8x8 transform intra:83.3% inter:33.5%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 6.7% 6.0% 5.8% inter: 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] i16 v,h,dc,p: 74% 22%  3%  0%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 68%  4% 27%  0%  0%  0%  0%  0%  0%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 47% 22%  9%  2%  3%  6%  5%  3%  3%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] i8c dc,h,v,p: 88%  8%  3%  0%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] ref P L0: 72.1% 24.6%  2.2%  1.1%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] ref B L0: 72.3% 26.8%  0.9%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] ref B L1: 99.1%  0.9%
[libx264 @ 0x14300d800] kb/s:53.27
[aac @ 0x143010800] Qavg: 964.117

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sacramento-Area Athletes To Retrace Sierra Escape Of Donner Party Survivors
Filed Under:Donner Summit, Emigrant Gap
RENO, Nev. (AP/CBS13) — A pair of backcountry endurance athletes who became obsessed with the Donner Party spent the last seven years researching and exploring the Sierra on foot to try to pinpoint the final 90-mile route survivors of the infamous tale of cannibalism finally cut through mountain snowdrifts to safety in the winter of 1846-47.
Illustration captioned 'On The Way To The Summit,' depicting the Donner Party, a group of California-bound American emigrants caught up in the 'westering fever' of the 1840s. After becoming snowbound in the Sierra Nevada in the winter of 1846/1847, some of them resorted to cannibalism. USA, circa 1846. (Photo by Fotosearch/Getty Images).
Now, four veteran ultrarunners from the Greater Sacramento region are setting out on snowshoes to retrace the footsteps of the pioneers who braved the worst blizzard in a century to escape over the top of what's now called Donner Pass through the Emigrant Gap northwest of Lake Tahoe.
Fifteen members of the original 81-member Donner Party left camp west of Truckee, California, along the current Interstate 80 on Dec. 16, 1846, but only seven — two men and five women — arrived at a settlement east of Sacramento 33 days later to fetch help for dozens of others.
The escape party was dubbed the Forlorn Hope by historians, a term originally used to describe military missions with no realistic chance of success.
The four extreme athletes will have modern equipment and wilderness gear on the planned five-day hike, unlike those who left Donner Lake that day on crude snowshoes with only wool blankets, an axe and scraps of dried meat. They'll be tracked by live GPS signals at http://www.forlornhope.org when they begin Wednesday — 174 years to the day after their predecessors.
Tim Twietmeyer, five-time winner of the Western States 100-mile endurance run, and Bob Crowley, president of the International Trail Running Association, have been running backcountry trails more than four decades. They'll be joined by ultra-runners Jennifer Walker Hemmen and Elke Reimer. Crowley and Hemmen both live along with American River in Fair Oaks while Reimer and Tweitmeyer live in Auburn.
"As I've read the account of the Forlorn Hope and then traveled in their footsteps, it has only galvanized my belief this might be the greatest endurance trek in history," Twietmeyer said.
Crowley became intrigued by the journey when he read a novel about the pioneers best known for eating the flesh of their dead companions to stay alive. Cowley "realized it happened right in my own backyard." The more he learned, the more convinced he became that cannibalism was but a footnote of a bigger story about "perseverance, passion and grit."
Crowley said the four modern explorers hope it snows because they're trying to recreate the experience as much as possible.
"Which we know is impossible to really do because we'll have the latest technology, and we know where we're going and we'll have plenty of food," he said in a telephone interview Monday. "But I think our mantra is, 'Let it snow.' The worse it gets, the happier the four of us would be."
The Donner Party families traveled 2,000 miles west in a wagon train in 1846, mostly from Missouri and Illinois, to claim free land in California before the discovery of gold in what was then the Mexican Territory.
Trouble began when they took an unproven "shortcut" and were delayed in Utah and Nevada. Eighty-one men, women and children reached the Sierra in late October and were trapped in the snow before some built cabins at what's now Donner Lake.
Since the 1980s, archaeologists and others have investigated various stretches of the Forlorn trail that begins with a 1,000 foot elevation climb near what's now the I-80 corridor, but the complete route topping 7,000 feet has remained a matter of speculation.
Seven years ago, Crowley and Twietmeyer started gathering accounts from diaries and historic journals to compare and contrast various descriptions of the escape party's daily movements during the 33-day journey that ultimately saved the lives of about 40 others.
They eventually identified at least six different theories about the route. Scouring satellite imagery and topographic maps, they set out on the ground to gather first-hand observations on each trail segment before settling on the two most likely.
Judy DePuy, a longtime member of the Truckee Donner Railroad and Donner Summit historical societies, said previous efforts to identify the route relied on aerial photos and diaries that were never fact-checked on the ground.
"Doing the real recon work is worth its weight in gold," she said.
Crowley told the Reno News & Review they are 85% sure they'll be following in the original footsteps.
He said they embraced two major principles in their quest to establish the most authentic route — "always presume you're wrong" and "accept nothing as the whole truth or fact."
And they often relied on the most basic premise: hikers follow the path of least resistance and exertion while maintaining a proper bearing toward the destination.
Bill Oudegeest, a founding member of the Donner Summit Historical Society, partnered with Crowley and Twietmeyer to help verify the trail. He said cannibalism is the only thing most know about the Donner Party.
"For most people, there the story ends, leaving out the heroism and human nature fighting the elements," he said. "There is so much more, and these four athletes want to change the narrative."


Archaeologist; Trustee. Born 6/5/1904. After gaining his BA in Classics at Oxford, he joined Leonard Woolley (q.v.) as general field assistant at Ur (1925-30) and where he met his first wife, Agatha Christie (1890-1976) and to whom he was married on 11/9/30. In 1931 he joined R. Campbell-Thompson's (q.v.) excavations at Nineveh. Mallowan's supervision of a deep excavation here provided the foundations for understanding the prehistory of north Mesopotamia. In 1933 he conducted his first independent dig at a Halaf period site, Arpachiyah. Following a survey of the Khabur headwaters (1934), Mallowan also directed excavations at Chagar Bazar (1934-37) and Tell Brak (1937-39) in the Khabur basin. During the Second World War Mallowan worked in Air Force intelligence. He was Professor of Western Asiatic Archaeology in London University (1947-61), and directed excavations at Nimrud (1949-58). Mallowan then took up a research fellowship at Oxford (1962-71); appointed CBE (1960); knighted (1968). He married a fellow archaeologist, Barbara Parker in 1977.
Obituary by A. Parrot, 'Syria', 56 (1979), pp. 214-15.
'Who's Who', 1964; D. Stronach, "Sir Max Mallowan", 'Iran' 17, pp. v-vii; D. Oates, "Max Edgar Lucien Mallowan 1904-1978", 'Proceedings of the British Academy', 76, pp. 499-511; "Memories of Ur", 'Iraq' 22 (1969), pp. 1-19; 'Mallowan's Memoirs: The Autobiography of Max Mallowan' (London: Collins, 1977); Henrietta McCall, 'The Life of Max Mallowan: Archaeology and Agatha Christie' (London: The British Museum Press, 2001).


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text:
Deafening Silence in Race for the Bench
by John Settle
John Settle
In what is probably a major surprise to voters in Caddo, Red River and DeSoto parishes, there will be a judge's race on the November 6 ballot. Charles Peatross resigned from the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in January of this year due to health reasons, and the Louisiana Supreme Court has placed this election on the November ballot. Qualifying will be August 15-17 for this position, as well as all other November races.
Unlike the judicial race in Bossier/Webster parishes to fill the seat of retired Judge Bruce Bolin, public interest by prospective candidates has been virtually non-existent. There have been no announcements, no letters seeking support/donations, no campaign signs, nor any public statements of interest. In summary, the silence on this judicial election has been deafening.
The judicial district is a large sprawling one that encompasses 113 precincts in Caddo Parish and all of Red River and DeSoto Parishes; the entire district has a total of 182 precincts. In Caddo, the district goes from Cross Lake through the center of Shreveport to the south, and includes Stoner Hill, Broadmoor, University Terrace, Southern Hills and a large portion of West Shreveport.
The district has (as of June 29, 2011) 113,776 registered voters, broken down as follows: 79,509 whites; 29,576 blacks; and 4,691 others. Party wise, the district has 45,978 Democrats, 41,224 Republicans and 26,574 other party voters.
Earlier this year, the name that popped up most office in the courthouse halls was that of Caddo District Judge Jeanette Garrett. First elected in 2002, Garrett has sat on criminal, civil, and domestic benches and has established a reputation as a hard working, demanding jurist. She has recently decided not to run for this seat. It is anticipated that she will be a candidate for that court at a later date; Judge Gay Gaskins has indicated she will most likely retire in the not too distant future.
Garrett's decision should certainly be good news to Judge Frances Pitman, who reportedly is interested in running for this seat. Judge Francis ran uncontested for her judgeship in 2008, and she has served on the domestic bench during her tenure on the bench. Judge Frances and her husband, Judge Mike Pitman, are the first ever (and only) wife-husband judicial team in Louisiana. (Some wags believe that they both want to serve on the Second Circuit bench).
Another name that has been quietly circulated around the Caddo Courthouse for this judicial opening is that of Caddo Judge Craig Marcotte. Marcotte won his seat on the bench in a run-off election in 2008. Marcotte sits on the drug court which is generally considered to be the least desirable judicial seat. He was a business/insurance defense trial counsel, and he has been chaffing to handle civil case. (The Court of Appeals hears appeals from all district court cases –civil, criminal, and domestic).
As always, money to fund a judicial campaign will be a major factor in this election. Pitman reportedly has family resources that can underwrite a substantial election bid; Marcotte's ability to raise sufficient finances to run a respectable race is a question that is yet to be answered. What is known is that this election will leave a vacancy on the Caddo bench, and a line of interested attorneys will surface once qualifying ends next month.
Judicial Politics
Don Ashley, Zombies and Guns
Haynesville Shale Gas Output Rose 24% in May From Year Earlier


text:
Familial hemiplegic migraine | definition of familial hemiplegic migraine by Medical dictionary
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/familial+hemiplegic+migraine
familial hemiplegic migraine
A rare inherited migraine disorder characterized by a temporary paralysis of one side of the body followed by severely throbbing headaches and nausea; it occasionally can cause coma.
familial hemiplegic migraine
APCA
Domingos et al., "The prevalence of familial hemiplegic migraine with cerebellar ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 in Portugal," Headache, vol.
Tuna et al., "Phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 and familial hemiplegic migraine caused by a unique CACNA1A missense mutation in patients from a large family," Archives of Neurology, vol.
Vestibular Migraine: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities for Multidisciplinarity
Familial hemiplegic migraine with crossed cerebellar diaschisis and unilateral meningeal enhancement.
Stroke-like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy Syndrome
(2009) Ca(V)2.1 P/Q-type calcium channel alternative splicing affects the functional impact of familial hemiplegic migraine mutations: implications for calcium channelopathies.
[GABA.sub.A] receptor expression in the forebrain of ataxic rolling Nagoya mice
Familial hemiplegic migraine; more than just a headache.
Presentation of hemiplegic migraine--hemiplegia and hemi-sensory loss following general anaesthesia
Other diseases affect the central nervous system, such as familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).
Calcium Channels: Critical Targets of Toxicants and Diseases
Genetic research, however, has already identified familial hemiplegic migraine, a rare form of complicated migraine, to be caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19, one of the 26 strands of DNA in human cells.
The misery of migraine
A genetic deficiency in voltage-gated calcium channels was identified in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine and type II episodic ataxia; these two paroxysmal diseases are characterized by vertigo and migraine as the major symptoms [68].
Recent advances in the understanding of vestibular migraine
familial aortic ectasia syndrome
familial atrial fibrillation
familial bipolar mood disorder
familial broad-beta hyperlipoproteinemia
familial cancer
familial cancer syndrome
familial centrolobar sclerosis
familial cerebral lipidosis
familial chylomicronemia syndrome
familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome
familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome type 3
familial combined hyperlipidemia
familial disease
familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinaemia
familial dysautonomia
familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
familial emphysema
familial expansile osteolysis
familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Familial Fatal Insomnia
familial focal facial dermal dysplasia
familial gastric juvenile polyposis
familial gestational ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
familial glycinuria
familial goiter
familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
familial hepatitis
familial Hibernian fever
familial histiocytic reticulosis
familial hypercholanaemia
familial hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis
familial hyperchylomicronemia
familial hyperlipoproteinemia
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type I
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type II
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type III
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type IV
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type V
familial hyperproinsulinaemia
familial hypertriglyceridemia
familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
familial hypobetalipoproteinemia
familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
familial hypoparathyroidism
familial hypoproteinaemia-lymphangiectatic enteropathy
familial intestinal polyposis
familial intraosseous fibrous swelling of the jaws
familial juvenile nephronophthisis
familial juvenile nephrophthisis
familial factor
familial fat-induced hyperlipemia
familial febrile convulsions type 8
Familial fibrous dysplasia of jaw
Familial Fibrous Dysplasia of the Jaw
Familial Fibrous Dysplasia of the Jaws
Familial Fibrous Jaw Dysplasia
Familial Fibrous Swelling of Jaw
Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci
familial glomerulonephritis
Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency
familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1
Familial HDL Deficiency
Familial hemochromatosis
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistocytosis
Familial High Density Lipoprotein Deficiency Disease
familial high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency
familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency
familial histiocytic reticulosis, histiocytic medullary reticulosis
Familial histiocytosis with eosinophilia
Familial History of Breast Carcinoma
Familial Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis
Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I
familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia
familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia and hyperprebetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercalcemia with nephrocalcinosis and indicanuria
Familial Hypercholanemia
familial hypercholesteremic xanthomatosis


When Toyota introduced their latest hybrid vehicle range, they finally included a Toyota Corolla hybrid as one of the vehicles offering both electricity and fuel power. Much to everyone's surprise, however, they opted to call it the Auris in America and the UK, with the car being marketed as the Corolla in other parts of the world. In fact, it seemed for a long time as through the Corolla would never be made again. This could make it very difficult to get good Toyota Corolla parts for this hybrid, but it does offer an alternative, at last, for fans of hybrid cars who are looking for an alternative to the more unreliable Prius. Recent suggestions from Toyota Motor suggest that it will be putting out a hybrid version of the Corolla, with production beginning perhaps in the Fall of 2013.
The Corolla has never gone out of fashion, with its production values and strength making it one of the most popular cars Toyota have ever produced. In fact, it has remained in demand for domestic sales since the 1970s, and is the most widely bought model nameplate across the globe. The model has a name for reliability and versatility, as well as being relatively inexpensive. For a generation of car owners looking for affordable hybrid cars, a new hybrid Corolla version could be the ideal way to conserve energy and save money. In addition, new designs of the Auris and the Corolla are described as 'sharper' than previous years, with more concentration upon styling and appearance. There have also been significant improvements to the interior of the car, with improvements to the height of the car and the drag on the front end. Unlike other types of hybrid electric cars, the Corolla has been designed with power and drivability. Toyota are so pleased with the design that they expect hybrids to take up as much as a third of new Auris sales.
One of the biggest disadvantages to the release of a new Toyota Corolla hybrid has already been demonstrated, when production of the new vehicle was delayed due to the popularity of another Toyota vehicle, the Aqua. The high demand for this vehicle actually caused some Corolla hybrid parts to be unavailable, and there are already demands upon other Toyota hybrids when it comes to finding the right parts. Some reviewers have also suggested that the Toyota Corolla hybrid is not as powerful as some of the other hybrids, such as the Prius, and that it is less efficient when it comes to economy ratings. This could make it much less of a bargain for drivers who need to take their cars on highways and travel long distances. Viewing the car design from this prospect, it can make the vehicle seem much less user-friendly, and unsuitable as a hybrid match.
Overall, expectations for the new Corolla hybrid are raised by its well-earned reputation and new design, but lack of fuel efficiency and unavailable parts could make this once-affordable model seem pricey and old-fashioned.


text:
Named Entity Results, Hay
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Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 4	 80 0 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight)	 66 0 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 27. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones)	 28 0 Browse Search
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 11. (ed. Frank Moore)	 14 8 Browse Search
The Daily Dispatch: July 27, 1864., [Electronic resource]	 13 9 Browse Search
The Daily Dispatch: July 17, 1861., [Electronic resource]	 8 0 Browse Search
John F. Hume, The abolitionists together with personal memories of the struggle for human rights	 8 0 Browse Search
Fannie A. Beers, Memories: a record of personal exeperience and adventure during four years of war.	 6 0 Browse Search
Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America. Vol. 2. (ed. Henry Coppee , LL.D.)	 6 0 Browse Search
Edward H. Savage, author of Police Recollections; Or Boston by Daylight and Gas-Light ., Boston events: a brief mention and the date of more than 5,000 events that transpired in Boston from 1630 to 1880, covering a period of 250 years, together with other occurrences of interest, arranged in alphabetical order	 6 0 Browse Search
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Fannie A. Beers, Memories: a record of personal exeperience and adventure during four years of war., chapter 4 (search)
s acting as assistant editress of the Southern Bivouac. It was related to him by his father, E. J. Souby, Esq., formerly a gallant soldier of the Fifth Regiment, Hay's Brigade, and now an honored member of Association Army of Northern Virginia, Louisiana Division. It is a true story in every particular, and the name of the youtathan Cunningham was the name of this young hero. He was a member of the Second Company Orleans Cadets, afterwards Company E, Fifth Regiment, Louisiana Volunteers, Hay's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, and color-bearer of the regiment at the time the incident narrated below occurred. The story is as follows: It was a dark and starless night. Tattoo-beat had long been heard, and Hay's Brigade, weary after a long day's march, rested beneath the dewy boughs of gigantic oaks in a dense forest near the placid Rappahannock. No sound broke the stillness of the night. The troops were lying on nature's rude couch, sweetly sleeping, perhaps, little dream