Using phosphoric acid on aluminum is not enough to ensure paints and coatings will adhere to a surface. Learn how to create an adhesive surface using quality products from Vanchem.
In order to create a surface coating that will allow for proper paint adhesion, simply using phosphoric acid on aluminum will not do. Since there is an invisible thin covering of aluminum oxide over the surface, the metal remains inert to corrosion from the atmosphere. However, paints and coatings do not bond to aluminum oxide.
To achieve good adhesion, the oxide must be removed from the aluminum surface. Once this is achieved, a thin layer of iron or zinc phosphate needs to be applied to give the paint something to bond to and prevent oxide from forming again. Without a proper phosphoric acid on aluminum coating, the paint will not bond to the surface and will likely delaminate after a short period, one to six months into the future.
Using phosphoric acid on aluminum by itself produces very little change to the surface. To ensure the tough oxide is removed from the surface, a Vanchem product designed to clean, etch and coat aluminum is necessary.
Aluminum castings typically have the most oxide on their surface compared to plate aluminum. Aluminum castings are commonly used for such things as barbeques, outdoor lighting systems, and other items. Contrast this to plate aluminum that goes into manufacturing items such as airplanes, aluminum boats, tractor-trailers, aluminum siding, and many other industrial and residential items. All these items are normally painted today so the surface finishing is critical for long-term paint performance. Using phosphoric acid on aluminum is not sufficient, what is required is know how and one of Vanchem's specific products.
Vanchem has a unique product for aluminum castings VANCLEAN ALDC, which cleans, deoxidizes, and iron phosphates all in one-step. This cannot happen if one is using only phosphoric acid on aluminum. This product is widely utilized in industrial facilities that manufacture items such as barbeques, outdoor lighting systems, and other household items. For more information concerning VANCLEAN ALDC and its uses and purpose, see our technical articles Chemical Treatment of Aluminum, Degreaser Pretreatment of Aluminum, and Finishing Aluminum Castings.
When painting plate aluminum, using Vanchem's FOSTEX JMF, rather than trying to use only phosphoric acid on aluminum, this product cleans and iron phosphates simultaneously. In fact, FOSTEX JMF is one of our new low temperature products formulated as a multi-metal cleaner-coater. That means it can clean and coat, steel, galvanized steel, and aluminum.
Products such as VANCLEAN ALDC or FOSTEX JMF are typically used in spray washers. When these products are applied to castings or plate aluminum, they generate coating weights between 15 to 50 mg/ft2 depending on a number of critical parameters, temperature, spray pressure, concentration, pH, and spray time. The iron phosphate coating will also provide a protective coating should the paint film be damaged and the surface is exposed to the atmosphere. This protection prevents corrosion of the metal under the paint while also preventing water creepage under the paint.
Vanchem's FOSTEX AL-1 (2, 3) is another product designed to remove oils, shop soils and oxides from aluminum surfaces. This product is misted on at ambient temperature providing at least 1-5 minutes to penetrate and descale before washing with FOSTEX ST at 0.5% to 1%. This is a special process adapted for manual applications only, such as metal finishing large units like an aluminum tanker truck.
Vanchem is driven to meet the highest quality standards. We recommend that when considering using phosphoric acid on aluminum that you consider Vanchem products instead. Vanchem will meet all your manufacturing needs and for more information, contact us at our corporate headquarters in Burlington Ontario.


text:
Voice is alive and well
Voice will never die. Voice connects people like nothing else; it continues to evolve and take on different shapes, but it is still one of the most powerful tools we have. With all the buzz around multi-channel customer engagement, voice sits squarely in the middle of the entire interaction. In fact, many other technologies are marrying their products with the capability of voice and seeing remarkable results.
Selena Castellanos
When speaking to a Communications Service Providers (CSPs) or a Multi-System Operator (MSO), when they discuss the topic of voice, they are typically referring to an actual voice call. Voice messaging like voicemail may also fall into this category but for the most part it is connecting two or more parties on a voice call. We can all agree there has been an evolution of sorts with respect to voice calls. Some decades ago we all had landline phones and, in many cases, paid a premium for the line and actual phone device, and suffered outrageous fees for long distance.
When mobile began to take center stage, long distance fees were forfeited and the mobile consumer paid for voice by the minute; eventually texting was the pretty girl at the dance and consumers paid per text. The smartphone completely changed the game, allowing carriers to charge for data and voice, but losing huge revenues to over-the-top applications like What's App. All along, the carrier has been trying to find ways to monetize their channels, replacing evaporating revenue streams with new technologies to fill the gap. Although I agree that voice has changed over the years, it is still there, is still as powerful as it ever was and, in some cases, is growing in new and different ways.
Is voice alive or on life support?
Voice is alive but also changing. There are plenty of statistics showing the decline of the duration of voice calls and the growth of texting, but voice calls are still going strong. Whatsapp, one of the most prolific applications on the planet, leverages wifi or data to provide free calling and texting globally. Whatsapp reported in May of 2018 that 65B messages were sent daily, equating to approximately 29M messages per minute. That's straightforward, but what you might not know is that people are using this application to send recorded voice messages (voice texts or voice notes), similar to voicemail messages, directly to one another; no interface other than the app is needed. Anne Yeh, spokeswoman for Whatsapp, wouldn't divulge the total users of voice texts but says it's the second most widely used feature, behind picture sharing. Traditional voicemails are in decline, but again we see technology using voice to transform the landscape, and voicemail-to-text has been a strong, growing feature since introduced by Nuance in 2007.
Further evidence that voice is evolving is the rise of the virtual assistant. More people than ever are using voice to interact with their mobile phones, their vehicles and in the home as is evidenced by the strong use of Alexa and other smart speakers. A 2018 Nielsen report claims that 24% of U.S. households have smart speakers and 42% of those surveyed have two or more. With prices becoming very reasonable, experts project over 72% will have a smart speaker by the end of 2020.
Where do we see the voice evolution going?
There is strong evidence voice will continue to grow significantly over the next several years. According to Statista, 55% of all new cars have a built-in voice recognition platform. My new vehicle knows my voice, understands my preferences and enhances my daily driving experience. In the realm of healthcare, Nuance has done significant study into the impact of voice and has seen 80% reduction in delayed diagnosis when voice is implemented. BCC Research projects that the predicted global market for voice recognition will be ~ $185B by the end of 2021. With Dragon TV, Nuance has seen extremely high retention numbers, upwards of 60% when voice is introduced to the television viewing experience.
No, voice will never die; it will continue to grow and take shape in different technologies. Voice is part of the human experience. It is powerful yet simple, not requiring any technical acumen. It connects us all.
Tags: digital voice, Dragon TV, mobile, natural language understanding, speech-to-text, Voice bots, Voice Recognition, voice virtual assistant, voice-to-text
Experience the power of voice
Learn about Nuance voice technologies for your customers
Let's build what's next together
Find out what Nuance can do for your business.
IVRs and AI, unite!
4 ways AI can help your IVR win in a digital age
Chris Caile
Keto or Atkins? IVR or Voice bots?
The similar names of voice-enabled customer service solutions
Advance your IVR to the Final Four
Four ways to beat the competition and increase customer satisfaction
About Selena Castellanos
Selena Castellanos joined Nuance in March 2014 focused on business development and marketing for Voicemail to Text and has taken on several roles including managing a global field marketing team in the mobile division. Recently joining the Enterprise team, she leverages her 20+ years of telecommunications sales and marketing experience to support the Nuance Telco Vertical as well as looking after DragonTV from a Product Marketing perspective. Selena holds a bachelor's degree in Psychology and an MBA from Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida.
View all posts by Selena Castellanos →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Red lacquer (Aka urushi / Shu urushi) is used in the Japanese lacquer technique with the addition of transparent lacquer (Shuai urushi) for decorative surface coating and as a basis for scattering of gold powder.
Some artists also use Bengara urushi, which seems a bit brownish, as a scattered gold primer. After hardening the gold surface, however, it is no longer clear whether Aka urushi or Bengara urushi was used.
Ki-iro urushi (Yellow lacquer) is also used as the basis for scattering gold, because then areas do not attract attention, where some gold is missing.


If I start nbd-server manually, everything works as expected.
I add a non-existent config file (-C) because otherwise nbd parses the config file as well.
What am I missing here? Is this a bug? I tried a lot of different options in the config but it simply never works as expected.
I think if you are using nbd 2.9.17 or later, the port number becomes relevant only if "oldstyle" to set to true. Refer to "man 5 nbd-server" for more info.
Does anybody figure out how to specify the port?
I have a weird behavior with `nbd-server` (3.10). If I specify the port, it still listens to a bunch of other ports. Only listening to the default port work for some reason.
** (process:3121): WARNING **: Specifying an export on the command line is deprecated.
** (process:3121): WARNING **: Please use a configuration file instead.
Below you can see that it listens to a bunch of other ports, including the default one.
Of course, it prints a warning that specifying an export on the command line is deprecated. But without `/dev/sdc` argument it will ignore the port completely and listen to the default port.
** Message: Since 3.10, the oldstyle protocol is no longer supported. Please migrate to the newstyle protocol.
Please open a new topic about your problem, this topic is ancient.


text:
A Grand Quiet
Dispatches from Britain's Cinemas
Female Filmakers
Non-White Filmmakers
Queer Filmmakers
Film · POC Filmmakers · Review
Black Panther Review – More Marvel movie
February 17, 2018 February 17, 2018 E Warren
I think I habitually overrate Marvel movies. I mean, I'm pretty sincere when I consider them just about the most important contemporary releases. A decade seems to have been the right amount of time for these movies to mutate, a hybrid combination of pap and prestige. They are the most honest reflection of our culture and politics that is being created right now. You can feel it in the struggles, the barbs present in these films' souls. What they see in society, what they want to be seen, and what remains conspicuously absent from their tapestries.
They are unmoored in a sense. Unable to stand on their own, because their entire existence on a catalysing and reformulation of the framework they exist within, all the art that surrounds them. It seems almost absurd now that 2008's Iron Man began in a military transport in a Middle Eastern War, as we have progressed these films relationship with reality has become elastic. They're dreams now, of worlds that could be, or might be, or that we hope for or fear. The cries of our collective unconscious given voice through the specificity of an artist's lens.
Maybe because of this I should be more resistant when approaching these works. Start picking at their unquestioned assumptions. Interrogate what they really have to say. Because Spiderman: Homecoming don't got any young queer kids in it, because worlds is as worlds must and looking back on the past few years' slate, none of them feel as wild or as explosive as Black Panther.
Ryan Coogler understands what Wakanda means. This African country hidden for years away from imperialist eyes left to its own devices, with its own resources. It has flourished. A society built not on the backs of black bodies but atop their shoulders. A vision divorced from colonialist oppression, away from the eyes that see their culture as something lesser. And people, characters who ain't viewed in opposition to the diminishing gaze of white supremacy but who are allowed to develop, in fiction and out, their own identities.
I can only view this as an outsider. I can consider it, rationalise it, but i ain't never gonna be able to feel the weight of what it means. It is not built for me in that way. It quietly interrogates, through the motives of those foreign to Wakanda in the story, the way that white society is complicit in the enormities of our past. The film literally ends with a discussion of reparations and sure, it might be in a comic book fantasy way, but what a note to end on.
The film opens with T'Challa, played with this precise poise and restraint by Chadwick Boseman, being crowned king of Wakanda. Early on they get a lead on Andy Serkis' South African international terrorist type, he's been thieving vibranium (the wonder-metal that fuels the country's technological advancement) and selling it to the highest bidder. He sets out; supported by Lupita Nyong'o's Nakia, spy, humanitarian, his ex-girlfriend; Danai Gurira's Okoye, leader of the tribe's special forces and Letitia Wright's Shuri, tech-genius and kid sister.
Would ya look at that, a Marvel movie with three women in it? And they all get stuff to do? Kidding aside, it is so great to watch a blockbuster that treats women (especially women of colour) with the seriousness that it treats its men. These are not silly characters or frivolous characters, none of them in the film are. They just all are gifted moments. Kid sister, jilted ex, exasperated bodyguard, they're realised with a compassion that extends beyond the archetype. See how Boseman comports himself around the three, behind his perpetual chill there's love to be found in the centre of his performance.
While these folks are out to hunt though, a more home grown threat emerges. T'Challa's mother Ramonda (Angela Basset) and statesman Zuri (Forest Whitaker) face political unease amongst a country unsure of their new leader's suitability for the role when his cousin Michael B. Jordan's Erik Killmonger returns from exile. So, while we are reeled in with some slick superhero hijinks along the streets and underground nightclubs of Busan the flick eventually resolves itself into Coogler's preferred structure, the intergenerational family drama.
Like, the dude been saying in interview that this is his most personal film so far, and in a way, I can see it. It's all about these people rubbing up against each other as they try figure out their allegiance and the right way forward. It's all manner of political conversations that go on around all manner of tables, except that these folks run a country, the stakes are higher. All credit to Jordan, he is only other good Marvel Villain besides Tom Hiddleston, it's in the way he moves all wound and brash, flickering with tension. You cannot keep your eyes off him.
Which wouldn't mean too much if Coogler, along with co-screenwriter Joe Robert Cole didn't invest him with an actual point of view, an actual humanity. To continue that familial theme, both our hero and our villain get the opportunity to confront the memories of their fathers for their failure. When Erik gets the opportunity to discover why he was left on the outside of this wonder civilisation Coogler constructs the scene with all the weight of a lost childhood, a gorgeous physicalisation of the distance one can feel from the family that let you down.
It ain't just that sequence that is gorgeous neither. All of Wakanda is, we don't get big budget afro-futurism on our screens. A shoutout to production designer Hannah Beachler and costume designer Ruth E. Carter, as well as all the goddamn design team who make this glorious image of a metropolis unbound from European or American concepts of city planning and architecture. Air and space and market stalls underneath the flight paths of hovercrafts that look like fireflies or ceremonial masks. Oh, and the sexiest clothes that you ever did see, y'all will just wanna fuck everyone in this movie.
It is strange balancing the film's identity as something outsider. It's a Disney product after all, the signs are still there, you can feel it in the slight shagginess to the story, the sometimes wonky CGI sets. Coogler too ain't yet a comfortable director of action, and the choice to set the climactic battle in a big empty field while an aerial battle occurs and the superhumans fight in a glowing subterranean area feels very Phantom Menace.
There is nothing structurally different here from the rest of the Marvel joints but, like I said, I sorta stan them anyway. That ain't the point though, you can't dismiss the difference when it's like this, when the new lick of paint stands for redefinition, reclamation it stands strong. I hope the franchise continues in this direction. Hopefully in the next Avengers joint Cap and Bucky will finally kiss.
Black Panther is currently screening in UK cinemas.
Images courtesy of Marvel Studios
Action Andy Serkis Angela Bassett Black Panther Chadwick Boseman Cinema Comic Book Danai Gurira Daniel Kaluuya Film Films Five Stars Forest Whitaker Letitia Wright Lupita Nyong'o Martin Freeman Marvel Michael B. Jordan Movie Movies Opinion Review Ryan Coogler Superhero Winston Duke
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text:
package org.pmw.tinylog;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.pmw.tinylog.Configurator.WritingThreadData;
import org.pmw.tinylog.writers.LogEntryValue;
import org.pmw.tinylog.writers.Writer;

/**
 * Configuration for {@link org.pmw.tinylog.Logger Logger}. Use {@link org.pmw.tinylog.Configurator Configurator} to
 * create a configuration.
 */
public final class Configuration {

	private static final Level DEFAULT_LEVEL = Level.INFO;
	private static final String DEFAULT_FORMAT_PATTERN = "{date} [{thread}] {class}.{method}()\n{level}: {message}";
	private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_STACK_TRACE_ELEMENTS = 40;

	private final Configurator configurator;

	private final Level level;
	private final Level lowestLevel;
	private final Map<String, Level> customLevels;
	private final String formatPattern;
	private final Locale locale;
	private final List<WriterDefinition> writerDefinitions;
	private final List<Writer> writers;
	private final WritingThread writingThread;
	private final int maxStackTraceElements;

	private final Map<Level, Writer[]> effectiveWriters;
	private final Map<Level, List<Token>[]> effectiveFormatTokens;
	private final Map<Level, Set<LogEntryValue>> requiredLogEntryValues;
	private final Map<Level, StackTraceInformation> requiredStackTraceInformation;

	/**
	 * @param configurator
	 *            Copy of based configurator
	 * @param level
	 *            Severity level
	 * @param customLevels
	 *            Custom severity levels for specific packages and classes
	 * @param formatPattern
	 *            Format pattern for log entries
	 * @param locale
	 *            Locale for format pattern
	 * @param writerDefinitions
	 *            Writer definitions (can be empty to disable any output)
	 * @param writingThread
	 *            Writing thread (can be null to write log entries synchronously)
	 * @param maxStackTraceElements
	 *            Limit of stack traces for exceptions
	 */
	Configuration(final Configurator configurator, final Level level, final Map<String, Level> customLevels, final String formatPattern, final Locale locale,
			final List<WriterDefinition> writerDefinitions, final WritingThread writingThread, final Integer maxStackTraceElements) {
		this.configurator = configurator;

		this.level = level == null ? getLevel(writerDefinitions) : level;
		this.lowestLevel = getLowestLevel(this.level, customLevels, writerDefinitions);
		this.customLevels = customLevels;
		this.formatPattern = formatPattern == null ? DEFAULT_FORMAT_PATTERN : formatPattern;
		this.locale = locale == null ? Locale.getDefault() : locale;
		this.writerDefinitions = new ArrayList<>(writerDefinitions);
		this.writers = getWriters(writerDefinitions);
		this.writingThread = writingThread;
		this.maxStackTraceElements = maxStackTraceElements == null ? DEFAULT_MAX_STACK_TRACE_ELEMENTS : maxStackTraceElements;

		this.effectiveWriters = getEffectiveWriters(writerDefinitions);
		this.effectiveFormatTokens = getEffectiveFormatTokens(writerDefinitions, this.formatPattern, this.locale, this.maxStackTraceElements);
		this.requiredLogEntryValues = getRequiredLogEntryValues(effectiveWriters, effectiveFormatTokens);
		this.requiredStackTraceInformation = getRequiredStackTraceInformation(requiredLogEntryValues, customLevels);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the global severity level.
	 *
	 * @return Global severity level
	 */
	public Level getLevel() {
		return level;
	}

	/**
	 * Check if there are custom severity levels.
	 *
	 * @return true if custom severity levels exist, false if not
	 */
	public boolean hasCustomLevels() {
		return !customLevels.isEmpty();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the severity level for a package or class.
	 *
	 * @param packageOrClass
	 *            Name of the package respectively class
	 *
	 * @return Severity level for the package respectively class
	 */
	public Level getLevel(final String packageOrClass) {
		String key = packageOrClass;
		while (true) {
			Level customLevel = customLevels.get(key);
			if (customLevel != null) {
				return customLevel;
			}
			int index = key.lastIndexOf('.');
			if (index > 0) {
				key = key.substring(0, index);
			} else {
				return level;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the format pattern for log entries.
	 *
	 * @return Format pattern for log entries
	 */
	public String getFormatPattern() {
		return formatPattern;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the locale that is used to render format patterns for log entries.
	 *
	 * @return Locale for format pattern
	 */
	public Locale getLocale() {
		return locale;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the writers to output created log entries.
	 *
	 * @return Writers to output log entries
	 */
	public List<Writer> getWriters() {
		return writers;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the writing thread (writes log entries asynchronously).
	 *
	 * @return Writing thread
	 */
	public WritingThread getWritingThread() {
		return writingThread;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the limit of stack traces for exceptions.
	 *
	 * @return Limit of stack traces
	 */
	public int getMaxStackTraceElements() {
		return maxStackTraceElements;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a new configurator, based on this configuration.
	 * @return New configurator
	 */
	Configurator getConfigurator() {
		return configurator.copy();
	}

	/**
	 * Fast check if output is possible.
	 *
	 * @param level
	 *            Severity level to check
	 * @return true if log entries with the defined severity level can be output, false if not
	 */
	boolean isOutputPossible(final Level level) {
		return lowestLevel.ordinal() <= level.ordinal();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the effective writers to be used by the logger.
	 *
	 * @param level
	 *            Severity level of log entry
	 * @return Effective writers
	 */
	Writer[] getEffectiveWriters(final Level level) {
		return effectiveWriters.get(level);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the effective format tokens for all effective writers to be used by the logger.
	 *
	 * @param level
	 *            Severity level of log entry
	 * @return Effective format tokens
	 */
	List<Token>[] getEffectiveFormatTokens(final Level level) {
		return effectiveFormatTokens.get(level);
	}

	/**
	 * Get all log entry values that are required by the writers.
	 *
	 * @param level
	 *            Severity level of log entry
	 * @return Required values for log entry
	 */
	Set<LogEntryValue> getRequiredLogEntryValues(final Level level) {
		return requiredLogEntryValues.get(level);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the required stack trace information.
	 *
	 * @param level
	 *            Severity level of log entry
	 * @return Required stack trace information
	 */
	StackTraceInformation getRequiredStackTraceInformation(final Level level) {
		return requiredStackTraceInformation.get(level);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a copy of this configuration.
	 *
	 * @return Copy of this configuration
	 */
	Configurator copy() {
		Map<String, Level> copyOfCustomLevels;
		if (customLevels.isEmpty()) {
			copyOfCustomLevels = Collections.emptyMap();
		} else {
			copyOfCustomLevels = new HashMap<>(customLevels);
		}

		WritingThreadData writingThreadData;
		if (writingThread == null) {
			writingThreadData = null;
		} else {
			writingThreadData = new WritingThreadData(writingThread.getNameOfThreadToObserve(), writingThread.getPriority());
		}

		return new Configurator(level, copyOfCustomLevels, formatPattern, locale, writerDefinitions, writingThreadData, maxStackTraceElements);
	}

	private static Level getLevel(final List<WriterDefinition> definitions) {
		Level level = null;
		for (WriterDefinition definition : definitions) {
			if (definition.getLevel() != null) {
				if (level == null || definition.getLevel().ordinal() < level.ordinal()) {
					level = definition.getLevel();
				}
			}
		}
		return level == null ? DEFAULT_LEVEL : level;
	}

	private static Level getLowestLevel(final Level level, final Map<String, Level> customLevels, final List<WriterDefinition> definitions) {
		Level lowestLevel = level;
		for (Level customLevel : customLevels.values()) {
			if (lowestLevel.ordinal() > customLevel.ordinal()) {
				lowestLevel = customLevel;
			}
		}

		Level writerOutput = Level.OFF;
		for (WriterDefinition definition : definitions) {
			Level definitionLevel = definition.getLevel();
			if (definitionLevel == null) {
				definitionLevel = lowestLevel;
			}
			if (definitionLevel.ordinal() <= writerOutput.ordinal()) {
				writerOutput = definitionLevel;
			}
		}

		return writerOutput.ordinal() > lowestLevel.ordinal() ? writerOutput : lowestLevel;
	}

	private static List<Writer> getWriters(final List<WriterDefinition> definitions) {
		List<Writer> writers = new ArrayList<>();
		for (WriterDefinition definition : definitions) {
			writers.add(definition.getWriter());
		}
		return writers.isEmpty() ? Collections.<Writer> emptyList() : writers;
	}

	private static Map<Level, Writer[]> getEffectiveWriters(final List<WriterDefinition> definitions) {
		Map<Level, Writer[]> map = new EnumMap<>(Level.class);
		for (Level level : Level.values()) {
			List<Writer> writers = new ArrayList<>();
			for (WriterDefinition definition : definitions) {
				Level definitionLevel = definition.getLevel();
				if (definitionLevel == null) {
					definitionLevel = Level.TRACE;
				}
				if (level.ordinal() >= definitionLevel.ordinal()) {
					writers.add(definition.getWriter());
				}
			}
			map.put(level, writers.toArray(new Writer[writers.size()]));
		}
		return map;
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	private static Map<Level, List<Token>[]> getEffectiveFormatTokens(final List<WriterDefinition> definitions, final String globalFormatPattern,
			final Locale locale, final int maxStackTraceElements) {
		Map<Writer, List<Token>> cache = new HashMap<>();
		Tokenizer tokenizer = new Tokenizer(locale, maxStackTraceElements);

		Map<Level, List<Token>[]> map = new EnumMap<>(Level.class);
		for (Level level : Level.values()) {
			List<List<Token>> formatTokensOfLevel = new ArrayList<>();
			for (WriterDefinition definition : definitions) {
				Level definitionLevel = definition.getLevel();
				if (definitionLevel == null) {
					definitionLevel = Level.TRACE;
				}
				if (level.ordinal() >= definitionLevel.ordinal()) {
					Writer writer = definition.getWriter();
					if (cache.containsKey(writer)) {
						formatTokensOfLevel.add(cache.get(writer));
					} else {
						Set<LogEntryValue> requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter = writer.getRequiredLogEntryValues();
						if (requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter == null || !requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter.contains(LogEntryValue.RENDERED_LOG_ENTRY)) {
							formatTokensOfLevel.add(null);
							cache.put(writer, null);
						} else {
							String formatPattern = definition.getFormatPattern();
							if (formatPattern == null) {
								formatPattern = globalFormatPattern;
							}
							List<Token> formatTokens = tokenizer.parse(formatPattern);
							formatTokensOfLevel.add(formatTokens);
							cache.put(writer, formatTokens);
						}
					}
				}
			}
			map.put(level, formatTokensOfLevel.toArray(new List[formatTokensOfLevel.size()]));
		}
		return map;
	}

	private static Map<Level, Set<LogEntryValue>> getRequiredLogEntryValues(final Map<Level, Writer[]> writersMap,
			final Map<Level, List<Token>[]> formatTokensMap) {
		Map<Level, Set<LogEntryValue>> map = new EnumMap<>(Level.class);
		for (Entry<Level, Writer[]> entry : writersMap.entrySet()) {
			Level level = entry.getKey();
			Writer[] writers = entry.getValue();
			if (writers.length == 0) {
				map.put(level, Collections.<LogEntryValue> emptySet());
			} else {
				List<Token>[] formatTokens = formatTokensMap.get(level);
				Set<LogEntryValue> requiredLogEntryValues = EnumSet.noneOf(LogEntryValue.class);
				for (int i = 0; i < writers.length; ++i) {
					Set<LogEntryValue> requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter = writers[i].getRequiredLogEntryValues();
					if (requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter != null) {
						if (requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter.contains(LogEntryValue.RENDERED_LOG_ENTRY)) {
							for (Token token : formatTokens[i]) {
								for (LogEntryValue logEntryValue : token.getRequiredLogEntryValues()) {
									requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter.add(logEntryValue);
								}
							}
						}
						requiredLogEntryValues.addAll(requiredLogEntryValuesOfWriter);
					}
				}
				if (requiredLogEntryValues.isEmpty()) {
					map.put(level, Collections.<LogEntryValue> emptySet());
				} else {
					map.put(level, requiredLogEntryValues);
				}
			}
		}
		return map;
	}

	private static Map<Level, StackTraceInformation> getRequiredStackTraceInformation(final Map<Level, Set<LogEntryValue>> requiredLogEntryValues,
			final Map<String, Level> customLevels) {
		Map<Level, StackTraceInformation> map = new EnumMap<>(Level.class);
		for (Entry<Level, Set<LogEntryValue>> entry : requiredLogEntryValues.entrySet()) {
			Level level = entry.getKey();
			Set<LogEntryValue> logEntryValues = entry.getValue();
			if (logEntryValues.contains(LogEntryValue.METHOD) || logEntryValues.contains(LogEntryValue.FILE) || logEntryValues.contains(LogEntryValue.LINE)) {
				map.put(level, StackTraceInformation.FULL);
			} else if (logEntryValues.contains(LogEntryValue.CLASS) || !customLevels.isEmpty()) {
				map.put(level, StackTraceInformation.CLASS_NAME);
			} else {
				map.put(level, StackTraceInformation.NONE);
			}
		}
		return map;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Board is authorized by and derives its organization from Iowa law. The Board will consist of five Board members elected at‐large.
The Board is organized for the purpose of setting District policy and providing general direction for the District. The Board will hold its organizational meeting biennially at its first regular meeting following the canvass of votes. The retiring Board will transfer materials, including the Board policy manual, and responsibility to the new Board.
The organizational meeting allows the outgoing Board to approve minutes of its previous meetings, complete unfinished business and review the school election results. The retiring Board will adjourn and the new board will then begin. The Board Secretary will administer the oath of office to the newly elected Board members. The temporary chairperson as selected by the Board will preside while the new Board elects the president and vice‐president of the new Board.
Iowa Code §§ 274.2; 275.23A; 277.23, .28, .31; 279.1, .5, .7, .8 (2003).


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You are here: Home / Health & Safety / National Preparedness Month Observed for Twelfth Year; "Don't Wait. Com...
National Preparedness Month Observed for Twelfth Year; "Don't Wait. Communicate. Make Your Emergency Plan Today."
September 8, 2015 /in Health & Safety /by Brian K. Austin
National Preparedness Month Observed for Twelfth Year;
"Don't Wait. Communicate. Make Your Emergency Plan Today."
Brewster, NY—This September is the 12th observance of National Preparedness Month and Putnam residents are being encouraged to act on what the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has designated as this year's theme: "Don't wait. Communicate. Make a plan." The fact is sad but true; most Americans still remain unprepared for most types of disasters more than a decade after 9/11.
"We are fortunate in Putnam County to have first responders and highway departments that take the safety and well-being of our residents very seriously," said County Executive MaryEllen Odell. "Residents also need to be knowledgeable and prepared when there is a storm or an emergency. That is why National Preparedness Month is so important."
The County Executive further advises that residents be prepared to manage three days without utilities such as electricity and water, and access to supermarkets or other local services. "They should also be prepared for the possibility of limited response from police, fire, and emergency medical services or rescue, as they may need to focus first on large, widespread problems," said County Executive Odell.
Most people view emergency preparedness as a large undertaking, but being informed
Photo 1-MRC volunteers work year round with the Health Department on emergency preparedness drills. MRC volunteer Rick Voss, center, from Brewster, assists public health nurse Pat Gormley with data entry at the recent point-of-dispensing drill.
Photo 2-MRC volunteers work year round with the Health Department on emergency preparedness drills. MRC volunteers Ruth Murphy and Joseph Perucci, both from Brewster, train to review data in the New York State Department of Health's online registration system.
Photo 3-MRC volunteers work year round with the Health Department on emergency preparedness drills. MRC volunteers Andrea Aquilato, a pharmacy student from Hartsdale, and Katherine Castaldo from Mahopac, train to review data in the New York State Department of Health's online registration system.
and having emergency supplies on hand are two steps in addition to formulating a plan that can make a big difference. One of the best resources for preparing an emergency kit can be found at www.ready.gov.
"Getting accurate information during an event is a key part of the process," explains Anthony Sutton, Commissioner of the Bureau of Emergency Services (BES), "and NY Alert is a good way to start." This free service available from the State of New York provides both local and state announcements. Individuals who sign up can get real-time information about current threats delivered to their cell phones, email or via the web, however they prefer.
Residents can customize what types of information they wish to receive and how they want to get them up at www.nyalert.gov. Selected alerts can be modified or cancelled at the subscribers request whenever they wish. Personal information is completely protected and never shared.
"Residents who wish to help with a community-wide response to emergencies, should consider joining the Medical Reserve Corps," says Allen Beals, MD, Commissioner of Health. "Putnam's MRC still needs all types of volunteers, both non-medical and medical. For example, help is always need with important logistical support or administrative tasks." Interested residents can find out more information by visiting the Putnam County website or calling Keiren Farquhar, the MRC coordinator at 845-808-1390, x43136.
The Health Department's mission is to improve and protect the health of the Putnam County community, composed of nearly 100,000 residents. Core services include community health assessment, disease surveillance and control, emergency preparedness, environmental health protection, family health promotion and health education. For more information, please visit the PCDOH website at www.putnamcountyny.com/health or visit the social media sites on Facebook at www.facebook.com/putnamhealth and Twitter @PutnamHealthNY.
The Bureau of Emergency Services of Putnam County keeps county residents safe from harm, by providing services to all fire, EMS and related emergency management initiatives. This includes training and equipping special teams for fire investigation, fire police response and hazardous materials mitigation, and a credible assessment team (CAT). Additionally the BES maintains a countywide communications system and continually seeks ways to improve response to both natural and manmade disasters. For more information, please visit the Bureau of Emergency Services website at https://www.putnamcountyny.com/pcbes/
The Putnam County Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) recruits and trains volunteers to support and strengthen the county's existing response system. Its mission is to engage volunteers to strengthen public health, emergency response and community resiliency. Local community-based MRCs mobilize volunteers who donate their time and expertise, not only to prepare for and respond to emergencies, but also to promote healthy living throughout the year. For further information, please visit the MRC at https://www.putnamcountyny.com/health/mrc/
https://www.putnamcountyny.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/photo-1-MRC-with-Pat-cpd.jpg 3839 4239 Brian K. Austin https://www.putnamcountyny.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/logobwlgspring.png Brian K. Austin2015-09-08 16:04:082015-09-08 16:04:08National Preparedness Month Observed for Twelfth Year; "Don't Wait. Communicate. Make Your Emergency Plan Today."
Putnam Awarded $3.5 Million for First Responders Communication Improvements Putnam to host Traveling Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall Sept. 24-27


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Huron Peak (14,003 ft)
Date Hiked:
Between Leadville and Buena Vista, near Winfield
Sawatch
Trailhead:
Clear Creek/South Winfield
38.946N, 106.438W
Granite mountain reflected at the trailhead
After climbing Belford and Oxford in one trip and Missouri in another, I was become relatively familiar with County Road 390 which takes you back to Vicksburg (trailhead for Belford and Oxford), Rockdale (the trailhead we used for Missouri which takes you Clohesy Lake on a rough 4WD road), and Winfield, the turn off point for the Huron trailhead. With our 4Runner, we drove up to the trailhead, just passed the Banker Mine. The road was relatively benign for a 4WD road - bumpy, sure, but no death defying maneuvers were required. I would've said that the drive required 4WD and high clearance, but we did spot a Subaru Outback at the trailhead, which has slightly lower clearance.
We started our ascent at about 7:20am - In counting the people that we passed (coming down) as we went up, Lisa figured out that we were 13th on the mountain that morning. The trail switchbacked gently up through the
The Three Apostles just above treeline
forest, providing fantastic glimpses of the Three Apostles and Huron. We reached treeline around 8:30, which opened into a nice high-alpine meadow below the summits of Huron and Browns Peak. Of course, we'd wasted precious mileage on switchbacks and meadows, and now the trail came to exact its revenge. A long series of steps climbed up and around a cliffy-like section, making the ascent as pleasant as possible. We ascended the steps slowly, spotting pikas darting in between the rocks and admiring the tarn in the meadow below. Once out of the steps, the trail lapsed back into switchbacks that cut through the grassy hillside. The angle of ascent was fairly constant, so as long as we kept a steady pace the climb was manageable. (Kudos to the Colorado Fourteeners Initiative on their superb trail!)
At 9:30, we reached the ridgeline of Huron, offering a fantastic view Missouri, Belford, and Harvard. The
Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Antero all visible from the summit ridge
trail conditions changed at this point - the grassy slopes finally gave way to talus, and the trail, although still very solid and easy to find, became a little tougher. The trail ascended steeply through talus and slick dirt - poles helped tremendously here, as the soil behaved a bit like ball bearings (more so on descent). From the ridgeline to the summit was about 500 feet, and the trail length was just under a quarter mile, giving you a grade of about 37%!
The push to the summit was short and sweet, as it only took about 20 minutes of climbing before you were there - and the push was worth it. The view from Huron is undoubtedly one of the best from the Sawatch range. Not only does the summit provide a view of about a dozen other 14ers (more on a clear day), but also fantastic views of some other peaks, like the Three Apostles. Basically, the only civilization that can be seen from the top was Taylor Park (and that's hardly a bustling metropolis). Huron's summit is made even more dramatic
The summit of Huron
by its small size, yielding impressive views at every angle. Thankfully, we were on the top with only 5 other people...a little later in the day and it would've gotten a bit crowded! Our ascent had taken about 2 hours and 40 minutes.
We lingered on the summit for about an hour, as the weather was absolutely wonderful. As we descended, it was clear as we descended that we were certainly earlier hikers than most - about 40 people could be seen spread out on the slopes below us (a far cry from Grays and Torreys, but still a good number of people). Descending the talus slope proved to be a bit more challenging than ascending, and again, the poles helped. After about 20 minutes, we were back on the grassy slopes again, switchbacking back down the mountain. It took us about an hour to reach the flat meadow just above treeline, and about another hour to make it from treeline back down to the car, making our descent about 2 hours.
The Three Apostles to the southwest
Huron was a very pleasant peak. The hike is short and steep, but it's over with pretty quick; the solid trail made it very nice, requiring no real route-finding skills. Huron has now become my second favorite peak (second to Handies in the San Juans).
Maps and GPS Data
GPX Waypoint File
Google Earth KMZ File
PNG Topo Map


Everyone enjoy our easy drinking fruit-driven Pinot Noir, some say its a bit too easy!
The River Run Pinot Noir 2016 has alluring aromas of red cherries and berry fruit with clove spice and bright floral tones. Fine silky pliable tannins slide around the palate mingling with the red fruits. The palate is given nice depth from the savoury and mineral flavours revealed on the long and satisfying finish.


can only enter with guide (from the Ioannina jewish community) she tells an amazing story of the jewish community and the ancient synagogue.
It is a beautiful place to visit and to learn. Allegra was my guide there and she was lovely, articulate, knowledgeable and mindful.
You must go with a Alegra, Jewish from ioannina, to hear the story of the city and the Jowish community. Yhe tour incloude also visit at Aslan Pasha muziom. I recommand to every One to do this tour.
Jewish or not, it's worth a visit!
Unfortunately, the historic Jewish community of Ioannina is shrinking. I visited the city with a Jewish group and the synagogue was opened for us. I don't know otherwise how visitors can see it. It is a beautiful example of a Greek synagogue.
Synagogue really beautiful! Simple but pleasant and wonderful architecture! Exciting to see the memorial plaques murdered in the Holocaust, it is recommended to arrive on Yom Kippur, the day of this year only functioning synagogue, rest of the year can be visited by appointment.
Get quick answers from Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue staff and past visitors.
We are going to be Ioannina on Friday September 28, 2018. As we are on an organized tour, we will only have a couple of hours free after lunch that day. I would very much like to have access to the Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue and spend the little there and learn as much as possible about the Jewish history, life and culture there. Thank you very much.
You need to call the jewish community office and speak to Pericles.he will arrange for you to see it if given enough time.


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Greens lead the call for local authorities to be given representation at COP26
9th July 2021 Categories: ELECTED GREENS
The leader of Brighton and Hove Council, Green Party councillor Phelim Mac Cafferty successfully passed a motion 6 July at the Local Government Association General Assembly calling on the Government to ensure that there is "adequate representation" for local authorities at COP26.**
The motion was seconded by other Green Party councillors Cllr Siriol Hugh-Jones also of Brighton & Hove City Council, Cllr Julian Dean of Shropshire Council and Cllr Scott Ainslie of Lambeth Council. It was overwhelmingly passed by delegates at the General Assembly with 90 percent of votes in favour and supportive speeches from all parties.
The motion acknowledges the role which local authorities can play in the race to net zero, and the leadership role which they have already played from implementing climate assemblies, green bonds and warmer homes schemes, sourcing electricity demand from renewables, and developing new parks, open spaces and active travel measures.
As well as calling for the Government to give local authorities adequate representation at COP, the motion also called attention to the role local authorities can have in the production of local, sustainable food, and promoting greater participation among local councils on the C100; a network of elected local leaders who pledge to work on climate and clean energy.
Cllr Phelim Mac Cafferty said:
"I am delighted that the Local Government Association recognises the leadership which local councils have shown on the climate emergency while our Government continues to drag its feet.
"From climate assemblies to the deployment of renewables, it's local councillors and communities who are rolling up their sleeves and getting on with the practical solutions to climate change, carbon reduction and widening inequality.
"We won't get to net zero without strong local leadership driving change from the bottom up, and it's essential that local councils have a seat at the table in Glasgow for COP26. Thank you to everyone who voted for our motion – I'm so proud that the LGA is showing the real leadership on climate action which this country is crying out for."
Green Party councillor Carla Denyer proposed and passed Europe's first ever climate emergency motion, with similar motions now having since been passed by three quarters of local councils across the UK. Many have now put forward detailed action plans for hitting local net zero targets, some within a more ambitious timeframe than the national government.
Green Party councillor Andrew Cooper has previously proposed a practical means of how local authorities can be more integrated into the formal COP process, by suggesting that regionally and locally determined contributions are formally recognized alongside nationally determined contributions. This would mean that cities and regions across the world would put forward formal plans for carbon reduction as well as nation states.
Green-led Brighton & Hove City Council has produced a plan that sets out how the city can reduce carbon emissions drastically by 2030. The 'Carbon Neutral 2030 plan' proposes measures across all sectors, including energy, housing, transport and through work with local communities. Brighton & Hove's Green Council also delivered a climate assembly and is understood to have facilitated the first ever youth climate assembly, to understand the priorities for future generations in tackling climate change.
** The full text of the motion:
Motion: Local Government contributions towards national climate action in the year of COP26
Proposer: Cllr Phélim Mac Cafferty, Brighton & Hove City Council
Seconders: Cllr Siriol Hugh-Jones, Brighton & Hove City Council, Cllr Julian Dean, Shropshire Council, Cllr Scott Ainslie, Lambeth Council
Propose that:
In light of:
The significant and far reaching steps that councils across the United Kingdom are taking to combat climate change, cut carbon emissions and protect our environment; including such measures as:
Declaring a climate and biodiversity emergency, action now taken by nearly three-quarters of all local councils;
Announcing extensive commitments often with detailed action plans to reach net-zero carbon by 2030, surpassing the vague government commitments of 2035;
Implementing broad community level action on climate change, such as climate assemblies, green bonds, warmer homes schemes, sourcing electricity demand from renewables, and developing new parks, open spaces and active travel measures;
The significance of the 'Conference of the Parties' (COP26) UN Conference on Climate Change taking place this year in Glasgow, hosted by the UK; and its aims to accelerate action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change;
The response of local councils to the issue of sustainable food, given that food systems account for 1/3 of total greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, food waste and socio-economic and health inequalities; in particular the efforts of councils during the Covid-19 crisis in providing food to local communities, as well as supporting community food growing and assisting food banks;
The Association therefore agrees to:
Call on national government to ensure the adequate representation of local government at COP26, in order to promote the significant contribution, leadership and efforts of local councils in reducing toxic carbon emissions across the UK, and to champion the innovative and rapid progress being made at a local level to tackle climate change;
Encourage councils to continue their work to address climate change by:
promoting further signatories to the Glasgow Food and Climate Declaration. This Declaration confirms the commitment of local and regional authorities to develop sustainable food policy, and calls on national government to put food and farming at the heart of the global response to the climate emergency at COP26; and
promoting greater participation from local councils to the UK100 network for UK locally elected leaders who have pledged to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, and switch to clean energy as soon as possible.
GREEN MAYORS CAN REVERSE THE TOXIC LEGACY OF OUR CITIES
A Green Recovery: shaping UK finance for nature, people and 1.5°C
The Queen's Speech: Climate inaction and Conservative Authoritarianism
Caroline Lucas: pledges on climate change must be turned into action
Local elections 2021: Green Party election broadcast
Green Party condemns shift in Covid policy as negligent
Natalie Bennett: make ecocide a crime


The First Lutheran Church was full of people listening to music as the SMSU Concert Choir performed A Child's Garden on Nov. 13. Dr. Stephen Kingsbury conducted the concert that was inspired by the recent birth of his daughter, June Constance, in late Sept.
The evening was brimming with childhood inspired songs such as "I Bought Me a Cat (Children's Song)," "Little Potato," "Beautiful Soup," "Father William," and foreign melodies like "Die Nacht." Some songs were funny and childish, while others were sweet lullabies. When entwined together, the combination of music made for a successful and pleasant performance to sit and enjoy.
The SMSU Chorale is the department's elite, mixed choral ensemble. The ensemble specializes in the performance of a wide range of sacred and secular choral literature of all historical periods, voicings, and nationalities. The SMSU Concert Choir is open to all SMSU students, regardless of major, by audition.


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Meet the 18 year old boy that killed,and sleep with his mother for two days.
The Police in Edo said they had captured a 18-year-old kid who claimed executed his mom for ritual purposes. The suspect, with other speculated lawbreakers captured by the police, was exhibited to newsmen by the Commissioner of Police in the state, Mr Johnson Kokumo, in Benin on Wednesday.
The kid told newsmen that he did the demonstration in the wake of counseling a spiritualist, who guaranteed to make him rich. He admitted to choking his mom at 5 a.m. on Oct. 10 in Ologbo, close Benin, while the lady was sleeping. He said that he had sex with her corpse for two days as trained by the mystic. The suspect uncovered that fortunes ran out on him as he was captured when his grandma, who wound up suspicious of him, raised an alert.
Likewise captured by the law, as indicated by the police chief, are two presumed cultists for assaulting a young lady being introduced into their gathering. He included that a 21-year-elderly person from Bayelsa was likewise captured for burglarizing a woman of N1, 450. Kokumo told columnists that 88 suspected crooks were captured in various parts of the state in the previous three weeks.
He said that among the suspects was a 21-year-elderly person from Ogun, who was the pioneer of an auto theft syndicate that had been denying individuals of their autos in Benin city. Kokumo expressed gratitude toward individuals from people in general for supporting the direction and requested more help to empower the police to make the state safe. He said that the suspects would be summoned when examinations were finished.
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Motley Fool Community
Bbg: $ORCL Ellison's Lanai Not For Peons
Investment Analysis Clubs Destiny Solutions Corporation
PeregrineTrader June 9, 2022, 8:17am #1
Bloomberg headline: Larry Ellison's Lanai Isn't for You—or the People Who Live There
Subheadline: The Oracle billionaire is making his Hawaiian island more hospitable to the super-rich and pushing out families that have been there for generations.
Story by Sophie Alexander
Photographs by Elizabeth Weinberg
Graphics by Jeremy C.F. Lin
for Bloomberg Businessweek + Equality
https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-oracle-larry-ellison…
In hindsight, Chris Andrus says, the Nobu opening was a bad sign. It was 2012. Andrus, a bald, goateed, self-proclaimed hippie, was living on Lanai, a Hawaiian island of about 3,000 people, helping an old friend start a woodworking company. Paradise was treating him well: The business was growing rapidly, and Andrus was in love with Lanai's tightknit community. Then Larry Ellison, the eccentric co-founder of Oracle Corp. and the 11th-richest person in the world, bought it—the island, that is. The $300 million purchase came with 98% of Lanai's 90,000 acres, plus the two Four Seasons resorts that provide most of its jobs, a significant chunk of its homes, and practically all its commercial properties. Overnight, Ellison became almost everyone's boss, landlord, or both.
One of the first things Ellison did was build a Nobu, the definition of an ultra-high-end restaurant chain. ("Inedible," he's said of the cuisine he first found on Lanai.) Andrus was invited to the soft opening because Lanai Woodworkers had helped build the place. He met Ellison on his way to the bathroom and introduced himself by way of his handiwork, pointing to the hostess stand and wooden walls. Ellison shook his hand and told him, "We're gonna do great work together," he recalls. That was the last time they spoke. Two weeks later, Andrus was out of a job.
See, the space the woodworkers were renting came with Ellison's purchase of the island, and the billionaire's agents told Peter Franklin, Andrus's friend and the owner of Lanai Woodworkers, he would have to either clear out or sell the company to Ellison. Franklin decided to sell so the shop would at least survive in some form, and the deal came with a job for him. There wasn't one for Andrus, so at age 64, he became Lanai's paperboy instead. Andrus says he knew the newspaper industry was dying—"No offense"—but he didn't expect to be in as dire financial straits as he is today.


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Stripes offer no advantage to zebra?
Darwinism News
Posted on August 14, 2015 Author NewsComments(5)
From Eurekalert:
Stripes might not offer protection for animals living in groups, such as zebra, as previously thought, according to research published in Frontiers in Zoology. Humans playing a computer game captured striped targets more easily than uniform grey targets when multiple targets were present. This rebukes assumptions that stripes evolved to make it difficult to capture animals moving in a group.
Rebukes? Hey, guys, this is St. Darwin of Sandwalk we are talking about!
Anna Hughes, University of Cambridge, says "We found that when targets are presented individually, horizontally striped targets are more easily captured than targets with vertical or diagonal stripes. Surprisingly, we also found no benefit of stripes when multiple targets were presented at once, despite the prediction that stripes should be particularly effective in a group scenario. This could be due to how different stripe orientations interact with motion perception, where an incorrect reading of a target's speed helps the predator to catch its prey."
Stripes, zigzags and high contrast markings make animals highly conspicuous, which you might think would make them more visible to a predator. Researchers have wondered if movement is important in explaining why these patterns have evolved. Striking patterns may confuse predators and reduce the chance of attack or capture. In a concept termed 'motion dazzle', where high contrast patterns cause predators to misperceive the speed and direction of the moving animal. It was suggested that motion dazzle might be strongest in groups, such as a herd of zebra.' More.
But how did they find this out? Not from lions, it seems. "A total of 60 human participants played a game to test whether stripes influenced their perception of moving targets ." In short, they did all their research on humans, and natural predators of zebras were not consulted.
They could be right, but for now, file under: Next time, go to the source.
This is one of the disadvantages of the "Humans are just like other animals" thesis. The thesis makes it easy to miss the obvious point that the human may be approaching the task in quite a different way and with different concerns from those of a hungry pride of lionesses with cubs to feed.
See also: Talk to the fossils: Let's see what they say back. Evolution is not what we have thought.
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Quashing Materialist Appeals to Magic (Again)
Paul Davies: Search for alien life on Earth
5 Replies to "Stripes offer no advantage to zebra?"
Interesting thread and why creationists would figure this out better. Colours in nature, in a post fall world, are real needs. They always have a meaning. God has a system in bodies that allowed to to get the colours they need for life.
Horses are all about running fast and duration. This is a post fall adaptation and probably post flood.
They are herd creatures originally. The post flood world was full of predators and so the horses/zebs were always moving in a herd. The stripes for sure distort a predator who while running is aiming at a horse in the herd.
its common that the movement of a herd confuses the predators and so all the more the stripes blind the actual outline of a horse. Ots blurry.
Deer do this and many African creatures as seen on nature shows.
Computers are incompetent. They are wrong.
The stripes simply blur the shape of the horses while running in a herd. Not alone.
Creationism to the rescue.
Mapou says:
You crack me up, Byers.
mahuna says:
OK, so why don't ALL herbivores that travel in groups have zebra stripes? Has anyone EVER done any actual studies of kills per chase by species of prey? And how about kills by predators other than lions? Do stripes confuse leopards and cheetahs? How about wolves?
Giraffes have cute spots and an apparently worthless white belly. Fish and military aircraft have light colored bellies because some of their attackers hunt from below, and light bellies blend with the sky. But adult giraffes can kill lions (and leopards and cheetahs and hyenas etc.).
So I think it's just decoration. Humans WANT there to be some practical purpose for odd bits of Nature, but that doesn't prohibit Nature from doing impractical things. And why are there more than 1 species of deer/antelope kinda beasties? Shouldn't Nature have sorted out the perfect pack herbivore 20 million years ago, so the Fittest could drive all the less perfect subtypes to extinction?
mahuna
A horse has no protection except in its power of running. Its defined as a fast, endurance, creature. its not like other herd animals.
Then remember the stripes came in a more rich world. A world of serious pradators and many now extinct. The fossil record sho\ws many types and there would be many. Horses main day event was running with the herd from everybodt. Not a few lions and cheetahs.
White tailed deer also have a tail that conduese for those coming after them if running in groups.
The stripes are for practical reasons of survival. in fact all horses show they once also had stripes. Remnants still kick in now and then.
Clearly the stripes confuse the form in a running blur and don't allow needed focusing for another creature after them. Simple.
The best answer is the vsimple first.
Silver Asiatic says:
My initial degree work was in the arts and the first thing I noticed when taking up science around 15 years ago was that the majority of science-math-engineering guys (it's a male world) I work with had zero understanding, knowledge or appreciation of art – of any kind. Drama, sculpture, poetry, painting, serious music … they never encountered it.
When you're trained in the arts, however, and you take a look at nature – it becomes blatantly obvious about what is going on. It's a masterpiece – the work of a colossal genius.
I used to burst out laughing at my science colleagues who simply couldn't recognize any of the beauty they were in the process of reverse-engineering or reducing to particles.
A great work of art is irreducibly complex. It can't be built by combinations at the molecular level. It's like an organism — it can only fully be understood in it's wholeness, not as the sum of individual parts.
The weird and amazing variations in nature? They're evidence of design. Decoration and beauty of the whole biosphere, not reduced to practical function alone.
That's just an example of how Darwinism impoverishes the world and humanity in general. Everything that exists, supposedly, exists only for survival and reproductive advantage. A multi-dimensional reality is artificially reduced to one-dimension. I think this is because a lot of people can't handle anything more than that. They can only fit a reductionist worldview in their heads.
I don't know how anyone can live like that. It's an absolutely miserable condition.
There's no love in atheism. It's just nihilism and despair and darkness.


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Transitions are fairly crufty, and due for an overhaul both implementation and potentially API. On the list of things to consider would be css and web animations, both of which would be breaking if they replaced the touchier css transitions.
I have come to appreciate how well the current transitions work in a wide range of scenarios, though.
If they do break, it will be a very large PR.


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US Expands Mediating Role in South KoreaJapan Dispute
by admin · July 17, 2019
SEOUL As a trade dispute rooted in historical tensions spirals toward a fullblown trade war between Japan and South Korea, there are signs the United States is starting to take a bigger mediating role.
The top U.S. diplomat for East Asia, who visited Japan earlier this week, met Wednesday with top South Korean officials in Seoul, where he urged a quick resolution to the dispute.
The U.S., as close friends and allies to both, will do what it can to support their efforts to resolve [the situation], said David Stillwell, the new U.S. assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs.
The crisis erupted earlier this month when Japan restricted exports of hightech materials to South Korea. The materials are used to produce semiconductors and displays in smartphones and other electronics that are key to South Korea's exportdriven economy.
In restricting the materials, Tokyo cited national security reasons. But the move is widely seen as retaliation for recent South Korean court rulings ordering Japanese companies to compensate Koreans who were forced to work during Japan's colonial occupation of Korea.
The U.S. is traditionally reluctant to become too involved in issues related to contentious historical disputes between South Korea and Japan, which are both key allies of Washington. The Trump administration has especially taken a handsoff approach during the current round of tensions.
Speaking in Japan last week, Stillwell told Japanese broadcaster NHK he doesn't plan to mediate or engage, other than to encourage both sides to focus on the key issues in the region, especially with North Korea.
Wideranging effects
Since then, the situation has only worsened.
South Korean President Moon Jaein told South Korean companies to prepare for a prolonged dispute and that the framework of economic cooperation between Seoul and Tokyo has been broken.
Japan is also considering removing South Korea from its white list of trusted trade partners a serious escalation that would make it harder for the two countries to trade a wide range of technologies.
A trade war between Japan and South Korea, the world's third and 11th largest economies respectively, would have wideranging ramifications.
It could threaten global technology supply chains, since South Korea produces 70 percent of the world's memory chips. It could also further slow global growth already hampered by U.S.China trade tensions.
U.S. interests in Asia could also be hurt if Japan, South Korea, and the United States are not able to work together to counter challengers like North Korea and China.
Expanded U.S. mediation?
To help resolve the dispute, Matt Pottinger, senior director for Asian affairs on the White House National Security Council, is headed to South Korea and Japan, according to one report.
Speaking Wednesday after meeting with Assistant Secretary Stillwell, South Korean Foreign Minister Kang Kyungwha welcomed U.S. mediation.
It certainly helps to have an interlocutor who can really play a role of a bridge and communication channels between the two sides, said Kang.
A senior South Korean official said he warned Stillwell the dispute could impact trilateral cooperation between South Korea, Japan, and the United States, especially if Japan removes South Korea from its white list.
That would be a very, very significant act, the South Korean official told foreign media, speaking on condition of anonymity. If that happens, it will cause a tremendous amount of problems and it would definitely put a strain on Korea, Japan, U.S. trilateral cooperation.
The official added that South Korea believes it can resolve the dispute through constructive dialogue with Japan.
In the past, the U.S. has attempted to mediate disputes between South Korea and Japan.
During a period of tensions in 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama helped bring together Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and thenSouth Korean President Park Geunhye for their first facetoface talks.
But this time around, some analysts say the United States does not appear as invested in helping resolve the dispute, pointing out U.S. President Donald Trump's longstanding trade criticisms of both Japan and South Korea.
The Trump people think that both Japan and Korea are security freeriders. Trump picks fights with both of them on trade, says Robert Kelly, professor of political science at South Korea's Pusan National University.
Longstanding tensions
The trade dispute is the latest flareup in tensions rooted in Japan's brutal 19101945 occupation of the Korean peninsula. A major source of friction is how to compensate those forced into labor and sexual slavery in the colonial era.
Japan says the reparations issue was resolved with a 1965 treaty that normalized JapanSouth Korea relations. Japan has complained that subsequent South Korean governments have not accepted further Japanese apologies and attempts to make amends.
The issue reemerged last year after South Korea's Supreme Court ordered Japanese companies, including Mitsubishi Heavy, to compensate Korean forced labor victims. The companies have not complied with the rulings, leading some victims to begin the legal process to seize or liquidate the companies' assets in Korea.
Japan says the rulings are unacceptable. But South Korea says it cannot overturn them, saying that doing so would amount to interference in South Korea's independent court system.
Japan maintains that national security concerns, not the South Korean court rulings, are the impetus for its export restrictions. But while announcing the measures, Japanese officials mentioned how the forced labor issue had broken trust with Seoul.
Analysts say both Korean and Japanese leaders are using the issue to drum up domestic support.
Japan on Sunday holds an Upper House election. Since the flareup of tensions with South Korea, some polls have suggested Prime Minister Abe's ruling Liberal Democratic Party has extended its lead over opposition parties.
Popular opinion in South Korea also appears to give President Moon little reason for backing down. According to a poll released last week by Gallup Korea, 67 percent of South Koreans would support a boycott against Japan.
I think a boycott would be positive, said Kin Seonhwa, a 33yearold office worker in Seoul. I sometimes drink Japanese brand beer, like Asahi, but right now there's no reason to have that brand.
Right now, though, I would not travel to Japan, said Hwang Gwanghyun, a 29yearold who also works in Seoul.
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81 countries, regions restricting entry from S. Korea over coronavirus fears
by admin · Published March 2, 2020
Cold wave advisories to be issued for central, northern S. Korea


Cover dummy of "McSweeney's Quarterly" Issue 38.
The Harry Ransom Center has acquired the archive of the McSweeney's publishing company. Founded in 1998 by Dave Eggers, McSweeney's is considered one of the most influential literary journals and publishing houses of its time. McSweeney's publishes books, Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern, The Believer magazine, the food journal Lucky Peach, and the DVD-journal Wholphin.
The bulk of the archive is composed of manuscripts of books, essays, and short stories; correspondence drawn from the publishing house's work with hundreds of writers; and award-winning design materials. A current digital copy of all files relating to McSweeney's work will be included, as well as first editions of all its publications.
The Ransom Center holds several publishers' archives, including the records of Alfred A. Knopf, P.E.N. International, Nancy Cunard's Hours Press, Anvil Press Poetry, Commentary magazine, the London Review of Books, and Little Magazine.
The McSweeney's archive will be accessible once processed and cataloged.
Read more about the arrival of the McSweeney's archive at the Ransom Center.


text:
PlayStation Premier: New Disgaea, Dynasty Warriors Revealed
July 17, 2007 Ben-Dutka — No Comments
The PlayStation Premier in Tokyo is clearly a big hit, and there's plenty of news going around. Two of the latest game reports center on a couple exclusives for the PS3; they're both continuations of critically acclaimed franchises, too.
The first is the announcement of Disgaea 3 for the PS3, by Nippon Ichi Software. No further details were released, but we do know that the first two represented some of the finest RPG/strategy gaming of the generation. As deep as deep can be, the two titles were big hits among hardcore fans of the genre, and we're certainly hoping this third entry in the series isn't too far off. Early 2008, perhaps…?
Next up is – as if you didn't see this one coming – a new Dynasty Warriors . Koei just unveiled the game today, and we can expect more information at this year's Tokyo Game Show. There is one somewhat confusing part of this announcement, though- the game will be called Dynasty Warriors 5 in Japan and Dynasty Warriors 6 in the U.S. Now, that's bound to cause some reporting issues over the next few months, but at least we found out ahead of time.
These are only two of the new games on display today; there were others. One of which is a new PS3 exclusive developed by Sega; we're currently trying to locate as many reliable details as possible on that one. Stay tuned!
Joe's Diner Receives PS5 Compatibility Patch
Guerrilla Games Retires Official Killzone Website


We speak to Lancashire-born Hemingway, one of the designers spearheading the new festival, which is set to launch in May 2017.
Update 1 May 2018: The National Festival of Making will return to Blackburn for its second edition on 12-13 May 2018. The event will see various workshops and other activities, including a retro screen printing session with Supermarche and 3D-printing demonstrations by FabLab. Entry is free, but some activities require booking. For more info, head here.
For the Lancashire town of Blackburn, its industrial and design heritage remains at the heart of the community even today. Roughly 25% of the population are still working in making and manufacturing industries.
The first National Festival of Making hopes to celebrate this history, as well as the diverse range of manufacturing skills in the UK today.
Launching in May 2017, the two-day festival is being developed by the Festival of Making Community Interest Company – a collaborative venture involving Lancashire-born designer, Wayne Hemingway, festival producers, Deco Publique and social enterprise, Placeshakers.
Hemingway first became involved with the initiative while recently working on another Lancashire-related project, Blackburn is Open.
"I discovered that Blackburn has twice the national average of people employed in the manufacturing industry, and a community of talented and creative makers working from homes and studios across the region," the designer says.
Aimed at everyone from designers and manufacturers to families, the festival will feature a collaboration between arts commissioners, Super Slow Way, and ten commissioned artists, who will be working with local makers and manufacturers to create experimental new pieces.
There will also be a series of Front Room Factories documentaries, focusing on local makers and artisans who use their homes as the production lines for their businesses.
The Festival of Making will run from 6-7 May 2017. For more information, head here.
Which UK regions could benefit from design funding?