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Home » Hawaiian Secrets and Mysteries
Hawaiian Secrets and Mysteries
Editor's Note: Here is our own personal story of a first-hand encounter with Hawaii's spiritual side. While driving along Highway 19 on the Big Island of Hawaii, we captured what appears to be two ghostlike figures sitting in the lava field. Read about our story here.
Truth is often stranger than fiction. The Hawaiian Islands are riddled with ancient mysteries, local folklore and stories handed down one generation at a time that continue to fascinate and intrigue. Hawaii is a place of strong spirituality, where actions are rich in purpose and meaning and sacred sites and souls command respect. The best part of Hawaii's history may lie in the secrets you won't find in any textbook. Legends passed down by word of mouth are not to be regarded as fiction for they contain mysterious elements just strange enough to be true. Here are just a few of the secrets and mysteries you may come across while in Hawaii:
Kamehameha's Bones
Kamehameha I, also called Kamehameha the Great, unified the Hawaiian Islands under one rule. Since the day of his death on May 8, 1819, the mystery of the location of his bones is one of the greatest secrets in all of Hawaii.
Although the ancient Hawaiians had ceremonial burial rituals for all, the funeral rites given to ruling chiefs were especially complex and sacred. A ceremony that prepared the body for afterlife, including removal of the flesh from the bones, was followed by a secret burial of the chiefly bones.
The location of the bones was kept secret by whomever the duty was entrusted to, usually the decedent's closest advisor. In the case of Kamehameha's death, Chief Ulumaheihei (called Hoapili by the King) was given this honor. The bones of Kamehameha were extremely sacrosanct and had to be kept hidden to ensure his spirit's transition into the world of the aumakua, or gods.
Both for physical safekeeping of the sacred bones and to prevent any unwarranted spying, the bones were hidden at night for ultimate secrecy. It was believed that if the burial site location was disclosed, an enemy who came in contact with the bones could absorb the chiefly mana, or power. This ancient custom is called hunakele, which means "to hide in secret".
Although it is yet to be proven, many believe that Kamehameha's remains rest in a burial cave at Kaloko-Honokohau on the Big Island of Hawaii. Other famous rulers, including Maui's King Kahekili, are also believed to be buried here. Some say that King Kalakaua ordered Kamehameha's bones to be relocated to the Royal Mausoleum in Nu'uanu Valley on Oahu, although this is strictly hearsay as well.
If King Kamehameha's bones were ever exhumed, either on accident or intentionally, there is no telling what chain of events this disrespect might set off. The conflicting accounts surrounding the final resting place of Kamehameha the Great's bones are perhaps intentional stories conjured up to ensure that this particular mystery stays just that.
The Menehune
The menehune (ka poe menehune) are the mythical little people of Hawaii. They are sometimes described as dwarfs, who live deep in the forests and valleys of the islands, far from where they could be seen by humans. They are associated with the pre-settling days of Hawaii, roaming the islands 1,500 years or more ago before Polynesian settlers arrived, but they appear in even the most modern of tales.
The menehune were rumored to be extremely adept with their hands, industrious builders and craftsmen who could construct expert temples, roads, canoes, fishponds and houses in no time at all. Although they are said to have roamed all islands, the island of Kauai is the most common scene of stories involving the menehune.
These 2-foot tall island inhabitants are believed by many to be the master architects credited with building the Alekoko Fishpond and dam, Kauai's largest aquaculture reservoir. A story surrounding the construction of this pond says that two royal onlookers, ignoring warnings from the menehune, were turned to stone after spying on the little people during their building activities. Structures like this pond are considered by many to be evidence that Kauai was once (and perhaps still is) a favorite playground of the menehune.
The Red Waters of Wainapanapa
An ancient Hawaiian legend surrounds the Wainapanapa cave on Maui. This tale describes how Princess Popo'alaea, while hiding in the cave from her cruel and jealous husband Chief Ka'akea, was discovered by the heartless man and mercilessly killed. In memory of the princess' untimely death, the waters that run through the cave take on a reddish hue several times a year in honor of the princess.
Pele's Ohia Lehua
The ohia lehua tree, which grows at an altitude between 1,000 and 9,000 feet, is known for its reddish wood and beautiful flaming red blossoms. However, the ohia lehua is a sacred tree associated with Pele, the volcano goddess, and Hi'iaka, Pele's sister, who was also the guardian of the ohia lehua forests.
Legend has it that Pele ordered the destruction of her sister's sacred ohia lehua groves after discovering that her lover Lohiau had engaged in romantic activities with her sister. Today, the active volcano Kilauea on the Big Island continues to pour out lava and destroy ohia trees.
It is said that if someone plucks the tree's red ohelo berries or ohia blossoms without first performing the necessary ritual and offering, consequences may occur, from rain showers to destructive lava flows. These flowers are currently protected under state law and cannot be picked in state parks.
Old Pali Road
The Old Pali Road on Oahu, replaced by the neighboring and newer Pali Highway, is the location of many of Hawaii's popular stories involving supernatural spirits. Because the road is thickly forested and devoid of streetlights, the Old Pali Highway is the perfect setting for spooky stories. Some people have told tales of seeing a huge ghostly white figure moving across the road in front of their vehicles at night. Countless accidents have occurred on this road, many unexplained.
Also, the nearby Nu'uanu Pali Lookout was the site of one of the most critical battles in King Kamehameha's unification of the Hawaiian Islands. A ghostly white silhouette that appears on certain nights is said to haunt this site, as well as ghostly soldiers leaping off the cliff.
No Pork on the Pali
Ancient legends warn that traveling with pork over the Pali Highway, the road that connects Honolulu and Oahu's windward coast, is highly taboo. Pork allegedly attracts agitated spirits and upsets the relationship between the fire goddess Pele and the pig god Kamapua'a.
Those who ignore the legend and carry any pork product in their car may risk encountering car trouble or an accident. Because pork is a kinolau (form) of the pig god, the car trouble is said to be Pele's way of keeping Kamapua'a from traveling within her domain. Many Oahu residents still follow this guideline today.
If you encounter any truth to this myth, try tossing out the meat and see if your situation improves. For those who can't avoid transporting pork, folklorists recommend tying a fresh green ti leaf, bamboo, or banana leaf around the package for protection.
Morgan's Corner
Located along the Old Pali Road is Morgan's Corner, a curve marked by a giant tree associated with many ghostly encounters. Some folks tell of apparitions of hanging bodies and mysterious sounds on car roofs underneath the tree, especially at night.
The mysteries of the Hawaiian Islands continue to intrigue residents and visitors alike. Many of the best tales can only be found in the folklore passed on by word of mouth. To learn more, strike up a conversation with local residents and ask them to share some of the peculiar tales of old, sure to give you "chicken skin," the local term for goose bumps.

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potter's clay
Definition of potter's clay
: a plastic clay suitable for making pottery
— called also potter's earth
First Known Use of potter's clay
15th century, in the meaning defined above
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The first known use of potter's clay was in the 15th century
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potter's field
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stable bag
mud pit state of difficulty


For example, try out the toboggan run Lahnwiesen on the Feldthurner Alm. It is of medium difficulty and 1.8 km long. At the snack-bar Steineben you have the chance to have a break. On Gampberg in Eisack valley a family toboggan run goes down 2 km at the Kaseregg. A third eventful path runs above Klausen on the Jochalm and is 2.4 km long. Overall for sledding in the Eisack valley 8 natural toboggan runs are available in Eisack valley that you can all hunt down sequentially as a couple or with the family.
Because of the fantastic location each tobogganing run can be combined with a winter hike and a cozy cottage stay. For sledding you can borrow the sled at the start and return it in the valley. Our tip for your toboggan vacation: night tobogganing with floodlights on the Lahnwiesen run!


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Homepage > In the Public Interest > Solar Energy
One of the results of eight years of Reaganism in Washington was the near eclipse of the government's solar energy research and promotion program. The Californian came to town in 1981 touting atomic power and he poured money into subsidizing and advancing that failed and risky technology while starving the Energy Department's solar and conservation budgets.
From the point of view of developing a clean, inexhaustible form of energy that does not damage the earth, as do nuclear's radioactivity and fossil fuels' Greenhouse effect, Reagan's behavior was strange indeed. For America in the Seventies had forged ahead of its industrialized competitors overseas in the range and diversity of its solar power research. We were on the frontiers of developing the world's next giant industry, replete with export potential.
But an over-riding factor dominated Reagan's mind: Neither the oil, coal, uranium or electric utility industries favored the emphasis on solar. They viewed solar as breeding hundreds of new competitors, complete with self-help kits for homeowners, tapping an energy source that cannot be monopolized or embargoed.
Consider the words of Elmer B. Kael in, president of Potomac Electric cautioning his industry colleagues in 1983: "The most significant threat to us is solar energy." The costs "will cross sometime," he said and when they do, homeowners will have every incentive to install solar collectors and pull the plug on the electric company.
But while many, but not all, electric utilities bemoan this prospect, the oil company moguls typically have been much more systematic in the way they are blocking out the application of the sun's rays. First, they
bought up most of the solar photovoltaic industry in the U.S. In 1980, three firms — Amoco, Arco and– controlled 79% of the market. Three years later, with Exxon joining them following its acquisition of Solar Power Corp., these four oil companies controlled over 80% of the U.S. photovoltaic market and more than 50% of the world market. By mid-1988, just Arco and Amoco controlled 83% of the U.S. market.
What did these petroleum giants do with such control? Well, have you been hearing much from these firms about solar energy in their advertisements and other promotions? Before being acquired these solar energy companies were enthusiastic and outspoken advocates of this source of power. No more. Did you read about the powerful Washington-based oil lobby blocking Reagan's proposal that passed Congress in 1986 to eliminate the solar energy tax credit which homeowners and other solar purchasers were using? Not at all.
Yet the 1986 tax law preserved some very valuable oil company tax benefits which did not exactly contribute to a level playing field with the development of solar. The fledging solar industry had to abide by the marketplace's judgment, while the profit-glutted oil industry continued to be a giant government welfare recipient.
What's more, the oil lobby cornered the government solar contract business, such as it is, by making sure that the specifications could only be met by them. In the marketplace, the oil companies engaged in predatory pricing, according to 15 out of 16 photovoltaic companies surveyed by the Small Business Administration in the early Eighties. In control, they undercut any small, independent competitors to keep them off balance or drive them out of business. The oil companies' highest priority is to slow the growth of solar so as to protect the value of their
oil and gas investments and reserves. Reagan's antitrust agencies looked the other way.
One small but aggressive champion of solar is a company called Solar Electric based in Rohnert Park, California. Its President, Gary Starr, appears on talk shows and at conferences to make his main point that today photovoltaics "are cost effective for a wide variety of applications." If given the same backing that atomic energy received, photovoltaics could be cost-effective with all forms of generating electricity and do it virtually pollution free, he says.
It is quite true that the cost of photovoltaics had dropped sharply in the heyday of solar research. Starr, who lives in a solar powered home and drives a solar-charged electric car, estimates that the current world market for photovoltaics is about $200 million. If the Pentagon and other government users ordered an additional $250 million, the cost would drop from the present level of $5.00 per watt to $2.00 or less per watt, he observes. "There are new, recent technological breakthroughs that can lower the cost even further within the next two years," he adds.
With more forebodings about acid rain and Green House warming, and with oil imports in January exceeding domestic U.S. production, maybe the Bush government will start looking sunward.


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Why was Glen Race guilty of murder in America, but not in Canada?
By Amy DempseyFeature Writer
Fri., Aug. 5, 2016timer37 min. read
Texas border guard Ramon Vargas Jr. was on patrol in the valley that forms the state's southernmost tip on May 15, 2007, when a radio call warned him that a motion sensor had gone off by the river. Someone was near the border.
It was after 9 a.m. and already hot when Vargas steered his car toward the Rio Grande, a winding waterway that separates the U.S. from Mexico. Nearing the river, Vargas spotted a man — young, white, roughly five-foot-nine and 160 pounds, with brown hair and a scruffy beard, carrying a duffel bag on one shoulder and a backpack on the other.
The border guard didn't know it yet, but the lone stranger had travelled nearly 5,000 kilometres over six days, from Canada's east coast to the edge of Mexico, and he had been on a killing spree.
Vargas got out of his car and asked the man what he was doing.
"Just walking around," the man replied, calm and polite.
Vargas asked for identification and the man handed him a Canadian driver's licence, which said that he was Glen Race, age 26, of Nova Scotia. The border guard looked at the ID, and then back at Race. He asked for a passport. Race said yes, he had one, and dropped his duffel bag to the ground like he was going to retrieve it. But as Race pulled the bag open, Vargas saw the stock of a rifle.
The border guard ordered Race to step back and place his hands on the patrol vehicle. Instead, the fugitive lunged for Vargas's service weapon, grabbing the gun with his left hand as Vargas held on with his right. In the struggle, Race sank his teeth into the border guard's thumb and the side of his face. Still, Vargas managed to wrestle him to the ground. "Freeze or I'll kill you," Vargas said as he freed the weapon from his attacker's grip. Lying in the dirt on his stomach, Race obeyed.
As backup arrived, investigators who examined Race's belongings found the loaded rifle, ammunition, a kitchen knife, camouflage makeup, a balaclava, 370 Mexican pesos and balloons meant to keep bags afloat. They also found a driver's licence for a Trevor Charles Brewster of Nova Scotia, whose body had been discovered under a wharf in Halifax on May 9, and a credit card in the name of Darcy Manor, who had been shot dead outside a hunting lodge in Clinton County, N.Y., on May 10.
In custody, Race kept his eyes squeezed shut. His body went rigid. He would not respond to questions or commands. Border officials had to coach him into a patrol vehicle. He repeated the phrase "walking in circles," over and over. Later, in jail, correctional officers noted that he often appeared to be fighting imaginary people in his cell.
Race had been battling serious mental illness since his early 20s. Diagnosed with schizophrenia, he had been committed to psychiatric hospitals on at least four occasions in Nova Scotia. His family had tried desperately to get him help, but nothing worked. Race lacked insight into his illness — a hallmark symptom of the disease — and did not accept that he was sick and needed treatment. Psychosis made him believe the world was inhabited by vampires and demons, and that he had been sent by God on a mission to purify the Earth.
In Canada, he would be found not criminally responsible in the killings of two Halifax men — including Brewster — after four psychiatric experts concluded that Race's mental illness made him incapable of appreciating that his actions were morally wrong. Had his crimes been contained to Canada, he would have been sent to a psychiatric hospital for treatment, where the goal would have been to rehabilitate him so that one day, if his mental health improved and he no longer posed a risk to the public, he might be released.
But by the time a Nova Scotia judge delivered his verdict, Race's fate had already been sealed in a courtroom in upstate New York. Given a life sentence with no chance of parole, Race would find himself at Attica Correctional Facility, one of America's most notorious prisons. The U.S. district attorney who prosecuted the case told local reporters after the verdict that if he could have sought the death penalty, he would have.
Race's parents, brother and Halifax lawyer, Joel Pink, have long believed that he did not receive a fair trial in New York, and now the family is fighting to have his case heard again. Pink says that what happened in the U.S. courtroom never would have taken place on this side of the border — a view shared by many legal experts consulted for this story.
"It is my opinion that there was a miscarriage of justice," Pink says. "I'm disturbed about what happened there."
Mark and Donna Race, Glen's parents, along with their younger son, Doug, are planning to mount an appeal that alleges Glen was not adequately represented by his court-appointed lawyer. But Pink says the judge, the prosecution and the defence attorney are all to blame for the unfair trial.
Why was Glen Race guilty in America, but not in Canada? On paper, the laws that govern mentally disordered accused in this country and in the state of New York are nearly identical pieces of legislation that evolved out of the same precedent-setting 1843 British ruling. But the Glen Race story — told in full here for the first time through court records, accounts from his family and an exclusive interview with Race — shows how a person found legally insane on one side of the border can be deemed perfectly culpable on the other.
When Mark Race saw two men in suits standing on his porch, he figured whatever they had to say couldn't be good. So as he greeted the strangers, Mark stepped outside and closed the door, leaving his wife, Donna Race, in the kitchen.
It was May 15, 2007, near suppertime. Mark, then 56, and Donna, 57, lived in a small yellow bungalow on a rural road next to an apple orchard in Windsor, N.S., roughly an hour outside of Halifax.
They had moved from the city two years before, hoping a quiet life might help their son, Glen, clear his mind. But the plan hadn't worked. Glen's mental health had deteriorated, and now his father feared that the men, who introduced themselves as police detectives, were there to tell him something bad had happened — that his son had been hurt.
"What's going on?" Mark asked.
Donna, a small woman, frail in body and increasingly frail in spirit, watched from the kitchen window. She and Mark had been married for nearly three decades, and none of their years together had been as challenging as the last six, during which their first-born son had morphed into someone they didn't recognize.
Outside, the detectives asked Mark if he had heard about the killings of two Halifax men, Paul Knott and Trevor Brewster. Mark said yes, he had seen it on the news.
When they told him Glen was a suspect, Mark, a serious man whose broad six-foot-two frame filled the doorway, felt as though he had been drained of all emotion. Stunned, he went inside to tell his wife. The detectives followed.
Though tears came easily to Donna, she kept it together during the police visit. The parents sat at the kitchen table — inwardly devastated, outwardly numb — answering questions as best they could. Later, Donna would run through every decision she had made since Glen became ill, trying to identify what she could have done differently.
Donna, a grocery store cashier, and Mark, a retired power plant supervisor, had started their family in the 1980s in Mount Uniacke, a small community near Halifax where they lived in a home with a backyard that had a tree house and tire swing for their two boys. They later moved to the city, settling in Dartmouth.
Born on March 5, 1981, Glen was intelligent, driven and competitive. Doug, three years younger, was more popular and athletic, but the brothers were close. The boys had chores and paper routes. The family spent summers camping in a hardtop trailer at Kejimkujik National Park, where Glen, goofing around one day in a canoe, famously tipped his brother, father and himself into the lake.
Glen's mental deterioration began in the fall of 2000, during his second year in Dalhousie University's engineering program, following a period of heavy drug use and a stint abroad teaching English in Taiwan. His decline is documented in court records and etched in his parents' memory. In third year, Glen dropped out of school and moved back in with his mother and father. At home, he locked himself in the basement, cutting off the telephone, lights and television, and consuming only small amounts of food and water, telling Mark and Donna that he needed to cleanse himself. He lost 40 pounds in two months.
Glen was first admitted to hospital in November 2001. There would be many more involuntary admissions initiated by his desperate parents, and at least five escapes documented in medical records.
Schizophrenia can be managed with medication and therapy, and many who receive the diagnosis go on to lead ordinary lives. But for some, getting and staying well is much more difficult. Glen did not believe he was sick. He did not trust doctors and blamed his parents for his institutionalization. He considered his time in hospital a form of "spiritual rape."
After one hospital stay, Glen stopped going out, gave up showering and did not brush his teeth for more than a year. He began to eat excessively, gorging himself to the point of physical pain. He developed a belief in vampires and demons. He told his family he was being attacked through the astral plane and that holding his breath would protect him. He became obsessed with purification, emerging one night from his bedroom having painted everything in it white — the walls, the furniture, a bible, and himself. He punched holes in the walls, smashed stereo equipment and slept with a knife.
In 2005, Glen left home intending to walk to Mexico and live off the land, but was arrested in Nova Scotia after he broke into a cabin in the woods. A psychiatrist who assessed him warned that "the potential for ... increased risk for violence is there despite the lack of past charges."
Later that year, Glen was taken to hospital with second-degree burns after he set himself on fire in his parents' backyard. He appeared to improve, briefly, during a hospital stay in 2006 when he was on clozapine, a drug that has been successful in managing severe schizophrenia. But it didn't last. By January 2007, Glen had stopped taking his meds again.
In the months before the two detectives appeared at their door, Donna and Mark had watched their son spread salt around the house to ward off evil. They had watched him leave food outside to feed the trees and spirits. They had watched him meditate while holding a knife. Glen told his mother that he had the power to forgive sin, but he never would.
In early May, Glen moved into a rental apartment in downtown Halifax, his first time living independently in years.His parents were worried about the change, but felt they had to support him. Mark had driven Glen back to his apartment after a visit on May 7, having no idea that his son had already killed one man and was about to kill another.
On May 1, 2007, Glen Race spent the day at his new apartment in the north end of Halifax. He ran errands, taking out books on Mexico and Belize from the library and withdrawing cash from his bank account, according to court records that documented his activity that day and in the weeks that followed. He would later tell doctors that he had been summoned by God to wage war on demons and cleanse the world of sin.
That afternoon, Paul Knott, 44, a retired navy cook who had served overseas, was shopping with his 17-year-old daughter, Jennifer. As evening approached, Knott dropped Jennifer off at work, kissed her goodbye, and told her he would see her at home later.
Sometime that night, Knott and Race crossed paths on Citadel Hill in downtown Halifax, a military fort and national historicsite that is a known meeting place for gay men. Both Knott and Race's second victim were gay, but early theories that the killings were motivated by hate would be dismissed after extensive psychiatric evaluation. Race told doctors later that he chose the men because they were easy targets. (The victims' families declined or did not respond to interview requests for this story.)
Knott was attacked inside his blue Chevrolet Malibu. Race slashed his throat and stabbed him in the thigh, chest and neck. He told doctors that Knott was a demon who he had asked to repent for his sins. Afterward, Race dumped his body in an overgrown path in a remote wooded area 60 kilometres outside of Halifax. Police would find a knife bearing Race's fingerprints lodged between the driver's seat and the centre console.
The next day, Race drove Knott's car to a Halifax convenience store, where a clerk noted that Race appeared to be avoiding the security cameras, and to a Walmart, where he purchased another large knife.
That night, after removing the Malibu's licence plate and covering its blood-soaked back seat with a tarp, Race abandoned the car on a dirt road near Halifax International Airport. He rode his bicycle, which he had stored in the trunk, to a nearby gas station, and phoned his father to pick him up.
Driving to Windsor, Mark noticed his son was holding his breath for long periods of time. At home, Glen asked his father to hose down the family truck and his bicycle. He spent most of the next few days with his parents, who recall that he carried a knife around the house and sat on the patio steps jerking his head and arguing with an invisible person. They had no idea what he had done.
On May 7, Mark drove Glen back to Halifax. Later, the parents noticed that their son had cut himself out of a family photograph.
Across town that same evening, Trevor Brewster, 45, was working a shift at Steak and Stein, a well-known family restaurant where he had been employed for 24 years, primarily as a server. It was Brewster's first day back after a vacation in the Dominican Republic. He had made plans to visit a friend after work, but didn't show up.
Sometime that night, Brewster crossed paths with Race at Frenchman Lake in nearby Dartmouth. Race told psychiatrists later that he struck Brewster in the head with a metal bar, ordered him to repent for his sins and slashed his throat. Race hid Brewster's battered body under a wharf and took off in the victim's black Honda Civic. He said later that the Archangel Michael told him to flee.
At 1:30 a.m., Race screeched his tires while passing through a Dartmouth intersection and drew the attention of two RCMP officers, who pursued in a patrol vehicle. Seeing flashing lights behind him, Race sped up. The officers, not wanting to endanger the public with a high-speed chase, recorded the car's licence plate number and backed off. Race saw this as a sign that the Virgin Mary had intervened to instigate their retreat.
An hour later, Race passed through a toll station into New Brunswick, where he asked an attendant how to get to the U.S. border. He stopped briefly at a monastery that morning, where staff would not let him in but saw him wash himself and Brewster's car, and then sit for a while in a towel in the parking lot.
The following day, May 9, he attempted to withdraw cash from an ATM near Montreal. Later that night, he hid and abandoned the Honda on an old logging road a few kilometres north of the U.S. border in Havelock, Que., and continued on foot.
On May 10, on a quiet rural road in the township of Mooers, in Clinton County, N.Y., local resident Marjorie Rushford spotted an unfamiliar man near the end of her driveway, wearing hiking boots and carrying a map and compass. Race told Rushford he was out for a walk. After they parted, he continued into the woods and broke into a hunting lodge through an open window.
Soon after, Darcy Manor, 35, a local mechanic, school bus driver and father of two, parked his 1992 Ford F-250 pickup truck outside the lodge. He had been asked by the owner to prepare an outdoor water pump for spring.
From inside the lodge, Race watched Manor kneel and lean over the pump. Then he grabbed a rifle from a nearby shelf and fired a single shot through the kitchen window. It struck Manor in the lower back and tore through his lungs, killing him. Race told doctors later that he believed Manor's appearance at the lodge was "pre-arranged," and that because he was a "demon slayer" and "a superior spiritual being," laws did not apply to him.
Race tied the victim to an all-terrain vehicle and dragged his body down a nearby trail. Then he drove away in Manor's truck.
By the next afternoon, Race had passed through half a dozen states and covered 1,760 kilometres. In Dalton, Ga., he stole a South Dakota licence plate from a parked vehicle and used it to replace the one on Manor's truck. He changed plates again the next day at a farm in Vinton, La., and later in Sabine Pass, Texas.
A flat tire stalled him on May 14 in Baytown, Texas, where he abandoned the Ford, walked to a truck stop and purchased a bus ticket.
By the next morning, he was in a taxi on his way to the Mexican border. "Be careful," the driver told him. "They make their own laws in Mexico."
Though Race wouldn't reach his destination, the border arrest didn't make his journey any less astonishing. He managed to travel nearly 5,000 kilometres while evading authorities in two countries for two weeks — a feat that would cast doubt on claims that he did not have the mental capacity to form criminal intent.
Race had a documented history of serious mental illness, but would it be enough to mount an insanity defence not only in Canada, but in the U.S.? Two forensic psychiatrists hired by his defence team to assess him believed so. But they would never get to testify in New York.
The U.S. murder trial was held at the Clinton County courthouse in Plattsburgh, N.Y., a roughly 45-minute drive from the hunting lodge where Darcy Manor was killed.
On day one, Sept. 8, 2008, a leaner and long-haired Glen Race sat with his lawyer at the counsel table wearing a baggy brown suit. His parents and brother were stationed behind him in the public gallery, but most of the courtroom seats were filled with local reporters and the family and friends of Manor, who had been a lifelong resident of the largely rural county of 81,000 people.
The jury box was empty, reflecting the defence decision to go with a judge-alone trial. Mark McCormick, Glen's court-appointed lawyer, was a 37-year-old attorney who had resigned from his post as public defender in a neighbouring county the year before to "pursue other interests," according to a local newspaper report. He had since gone into private practice and took on the Race case by special assignment from Clinton County, which didn't have its own public defender.
Clinton County district attorney Andrew Wylie was the prosecutor. Wylie, a former criminal defence lawyer with the intensity of a college football coach, was a father of five in his mid-40s, married to a Catholic school teacher. He had been elected as the county's top law enforcement official three years before. This was arguably the biggest case of his career so far.
Everyone in the courtroom expected Race to plead not responsible by reason of mental disease, or, as the defence is more commonly called in New York, not guilty by reason of insanity. Months earlier, a defence psychiatrist had concluded that Race's actions were motivated by delusions that led him to believe he was a godlike figure on a mission to rid the world of evil. McCormick had provided that expert report to the state, as required by law when an accused intends to plead insanity, and Wylie, in turn, had hired his own expert to assess Race.
But as the trial began, Wylie, in a tense and lengthy discussion in court before opening arguments, admitted that the state's expert report was not complete. McCormick would only receive it four days into the trial.
Even so, Wylie balked when he learned that McCormick also owed him a report from a second defence expert who had assessed Race, and expressed concern about being "blindsided" by new information. "We're starting a trial," Wylie complained.
But it was McCormick who would be blindsided. Wylie had another surprise for the defence that morning: fresh evidence. The prosecutor presented McCormick with a package of 27 CDs containing recordings of jailhouse telephone calls between Race and his family. Inmates are warned that calls are subject to surveillance, so the recordings were legal.
Only later would McCormick learn that the state's expert witness, Dr. Angela Hegarty, had relied upon the wiretaps to form an opinion that Glen was "malingering," or faking the symptoms of his illness. For now, McCormick asked the Race family to hold onto the CDs, and he did not immediately review their contents or send them to his own experts for analysis.
Those who looked back at the case later would question whether McCormick had a clear trial strategy. He had not prepared a formal witness list, and he began the trial with a request to delay his opening arguments until after the prosecution rested its case, a move that suggested he had not decided exactly what the defence would be. When the judge denied his request, McCormick waived his right to summarize his case.
On day two, Race, in a conference in Judge Kevin Ryan's chambers, tried to fire McCormick and represent himself. Race spoke in rambling, unending sentences — he had not been on medication for more than a year — but was clear that he felt McCormick's representation was inadequate. Ryan denied the request, noting that Race had already dismissed his first lawyer and insisting McCormick was "one of the very best" and was doing an "excellent, excellent" job.
Wylie presented the state's case over eight days in September. The evidence that Race killed Darcy Manor was circumstantial, but overwhelming. Multiple witnesses placed Race near the scene in the hour before Manor was killed, and Race had been arrested in Texas carrying Manor's credit card and the murder weapon. The state rested on a Wednesday, and the defence was scheduled to begin its case the following Monday.
That Monday morning, Sept. 22, McCormick filed a surprise motion seeking a continuation — a delay in the trial of an unspecified length — to give his two psychiatric experts an opportunity to listen to the wiretaps that Hegarty, the state psychiatrist, had relied upon in her report. During the weekend break, McCormick had listened to some of the recordings and spoken to his experts. He said they would not be able to weigh in on Hegarty's conclusions without more time.
"Short of a mistrial, it appears that a continuance is the only manner in which Mr. Race is to receive a fair trial under the circumstances," he wrote to the judge.
Wylie was aghast that McCormick had not reviewed the new evidence or shared it with his experts sooner. "You've had every opportunity from September 8th until today to listen to (the wiretaps) at night, on your way (to and from court) ..." he argued in court. "Two weeks is plenty sufficient."
McCormick said he simply hadn't had time, in the middle of a trial, to review the material. Neither Wylie nor McCormick knew how many hours of tape the CDs contained, but the calls had been recorded over 15 months.
McCormick told Judge Ryan that he couldn't call his experts to testify without a continuance. The judge disagreed, arguing they could at least speak to the conclusions drawn in their own reports, and ruled against the motion. "I do conclude that the defence has had these materials for two weeks, that's not in doubt, and I do believe that's under the facts of the case sufficient time," Ryan said.
When the trial continued two days later, McCormick had a new plan: he dropped the insanity defence and instead prepared to argue that the state had not proven his client committed murder.Race, in another lengthy and difficult-to-follow speech, made a second attempt to fire McCormick. The judge denied his request.
McCormick called his only witness to the stand, a local woman named Carol Vennette who claimed she saw a second man with Race in Darcy Manor's truck the night of the killing. McCormick argued that because the evidence against Race was circumstantial, the presence of this second man — seen by no one but Vennette — created a reasonable doubt. Vennette finished her testimony in under an hour, and the defence rested its case.
The verdict came two days later: Race was guilty of first-degree murder.
At his sentencing hearing, Race declared himself an "international celestial citizen" and proclaimed his innocence, saying he could do no wrong. The judge gave him life with no chance of parole.
Race's documented history of psychotic episodes, the hospital stays, the years his parents spent trying to get him help, the psychiatric reports that said his actions were motivated by his disease — none of it came to light. No evidence of his mental illness was ever presented in court. Until he returned to Canada.
In Canada, there was no murder trial.
Race admitted to killing Knott and Brewster and pleaded guilty in their deaths. At issue in court was whether he should be held criminally responsible for what he did.
Two Halifax Crown attorneys spent six months combing through the details of the case full time. They examined all evidence, visited the New York crime scene and traced Race's movements from Nova Scotia to Texas. In the end, they decided not to contest defence lawyer Joel Pink's request for a verdict of not criminally responsible, or NCR.
The prosecutors, veteran Paul Carver and his co-counsel Mark Heerema, didn't have much choice. Four psychiatrists — one appointed by the court, one hired by the Crown and two hired by the defence — had all reached the same conclusion after assessing Race. They believed he was psychotic when he killed Knott and Brewster, and that his mental illness prevented him from understanding the moral wrongness of his actions.
In Canada, when experts unanimously agree that an accused did not have the mental capacity to form criminal intent, the Crown typically does not contest the defence team's request for an NCR verdict. Instead, both sides present psychiatric evidence in a short trial, after which the judge makes a finding on criminal responsibility.
NCR is the expected verdict in such cases. The trial is largely a formality, though an important one. It is seen as an opportunity to put the facts of the case on the record for the judge to consider, and to make sure the public is informed about what happened and why.
In November 2013, Race, who had been transported to Halifax to face the charges in Canada with permission from U.S. authorities three years earlier, appeared before Justice Kevin Coady in Nova Scotia Supreme Court. Three psychiatrists testified in his five-day NCR trial.
"If the NCR defence doesn't apply to Mr. Race, it shouldn't apply to anybody," Dr. Stephen Hucker, a forensic psychiatrist and professor at the University of Toronto, said at the hearing.
Hucker was one of the two experts slated to testify for the defence in New York before McCormick's last-minute change in plans. He had first met Race at the Clinton County jail in the months following the killings. After the New York verdict, Hucker had reviewed the late-breaking report by state expert Dr. Angela Hegarty that had derailed the American trial, and dismissed her conclusions.
In fact, Hegarty's report and methods had been roundly criticized by the Canadian experts, and her opinions on Race's illness — for example, that his symptoms were more consistent with a personality disorder than psychosis — had been contradicted by American doctors who assessed Race after his conviction and unequivocally concluded that he had schizophrenia.
Hegarty had argued in her report that Race exaggerated his illness and was coached in phone calls with his parents and brother about what symptoms to emphasize. Hucker and others had a different view: they believed Glen's family was simply encouraging him to be open about his delusions and hallucinations, and not mask them as he had been known to do.
The Halifax prosecutors did not call Hegarty to testify.
In closing arguments at the end of the weeklong hearing, Heerema set out to answer the question often on the public's mind in NCR cases. In his words: "How could a justice system allow someone who savagely killed two people to not go to jail?"
What is not in dispute, Heerema said, is that Race suffers from schizophrenia, "an illness that indiscriminately picks its victims." But in order to be found not criminally responsible, the prosecutor explained, an accused must meet a strict legal definition enshrined in Section 16 of the Criminal Code. It is not enough simply to have a mental illness. The law says the disorder must have been present at the time the offence was committed, not before or after.
On that requirement, all forensic assessors agreed that Race was mentally ill when he killed Paul Knott and Trevor Brewster.
The second part of the law has two branches, and the defence must prove one of them: that the illness rendered the person incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of the act, or incapable of knowing it was legally or morally wrong.
All assessors agreed Glen Race failed the first branch. He understood that by attacking Brewster and Knott, he was causing their deaths. They also agreed that Race knew he was acting against the laws of Canada. However, all concluded he did not know that what he was doing was morally wrong. They believed Race was, in Heerema's words, "not able to rationally engage in the decision of whether to choose his morality or the morality of society."
The law does not require absolute certainty. The threshold for proving criminal responsibility is on the "balance of probabilities" — in other words, more likely than not, or more than 50 per cent. The burden of proof is on the defence.
The law says the courts should not disregard unanimous expert opinion unless it is seriously challenged by the evidence. Heerema, recognizing this decision would rest with the judge, laid out all the inconsistencies for consideration. He argued that what Race was able to accomplish in May 2007 was "remarkable" — travelling across the U.S. without a passport, killing covertly, covering up his crimes without being detected.
Race was "highly effective and highly capable," Heerema said. His behaviour showed evidence of planning and goal-oriented thinking. He had taken out library books on Mexico in the days before his killing spree. He had made unsuccessful attempts to travel south in the past. Heerema also argued the psychiatrists didn't have a good answer to the question of why, if Race believed the world was inhabited by vampires and demons, he didn't kill everyone he saw.
And even though the Hegarty report had been discredited, Heerema said he found the contents of the recorded telephone conversations she relied upon troubling — in particular, calls in which Race sounded more lucid when discussing trial strategy with his family than he did during psychiatric assessments.
"I would agree that Mr. Race sometimes shows a good ability to focus on specific issues without any apparently psychotic symptoms intruding," Hucker wrote in his report. "It is, however, not inconsistent with a psychotic diagnosis that the person may for brief periods be able to focus on some issue of importance to them."
The experts acknowledged some inconsistencies, but ultimately concluded that delusions drove Race to do what he did. They all agreed that while he did not show overt signs of mental illness during the killing spree, his behaviour wasn't incompatible with his history, given his intelligence and his guarded and secretive nature.
In January 2014, Coady delivered the expected verdict: not criminally responsible.
Under normal circumstances, Race would have been detained indefinitely in a psychiatric hospital for treatment, with the possibility of one day being released if he became well and was no longer deemed a significant threat to society. But the arrangement with U.S. authorities that allowed him to go to court in Nova Scotia required that he be returned to the U.S. to serve his sentence, no matter how the Canadian proceedings ended. Within hours of the verdict, he was on an RCMP plane back to New York.
The Nova Scotia verdict made the outcome of the New York trial all the more enraging to Glen Race's defenders.
"In my opinion, everybody screwed up — the prosecution, the defence and the judge," said Joel Pink, Race's Halifax lawyer.
Pink blames the district attorney for presenting new evidence on the first day of trial. He blames the judge for refusing to grant a reasonable request for a delay in the trial. And he blames lawyer Mark McCormick for dropping the insanity defence despite Race's well-documented history of mental illness.
"The guy is sick, OK?" Pink said. "I've seen many, many individuals over the years. There's no one like Glen Race."
Pink believes that what happened in New York never would have taken place in a Canadian court. Legal experts at home and in the U.S. who were familiar with the facts of the case but not directly involved shared his concerns.
"If Race doesn't get a new trial, there is something terribly wrong with their justice system," said Bob Richardson, a Toronto criminal defence lawyer who has taken on complex mental health cases over his 30-year career.
"It does indeed look like Mr. Race got the bum's rush out of court," said Justice Richard Schneider, chair of the Ontario Review Board, a provincial body that oversees individuals found not criminally responsible or unfit to stand trial. "The prosecution should have been criticized for dropping such a bomb with no disclosure to the defence."
Charles P. Ewing, a forensic psychologist, lawyer and professor at the University at Buffalo Law School, said he couldn't understand why the judge would have denied the continuance request, particularly in a trial without a jury. He also said the last-minute change in defence would have prejudiced the case.
"I would want to know why the defence attorney changed his mind ... and went from a defence of 'I did it, but I was insane' to a defence of 'I didn't do it' when the trier of fact had already been made aware of the insanity plea," Ewing said.
Race's first attempt at seeking a new trial, a standard "direct appeal" filed in the immediate aftermath of the verdict, failed. But his brother has been working with a New York lawyer and expects to file an appeal claiming ineffective assistance of counsel before the end of the year.
"We just want a fair trial," Doug said recently. "We want the truth of the matter to come out."
Mark McCormick no longer practises law. Two years after the Race verdict, his licence was suspended after he failed to appear in court to produce files for an unrelated criminal appeal. He decided then to leave the profession.
"I guess you could just call it a degree of burnout," McCormick said, speaking on the phone from his home in Franklin County, N.Y., where he manages a small golf course and referees high school and college sports. "I was ready to do something different."
McCormick was not surprised to hear criticism or learn that the Race family plans to mount an appeal. It is "incredibly common," he said, for defendants to argue ineffective assistance of counsel after a guilty verdict. Given the late disclosure of evidence, McCormick said there is no way he could have gone through all the new material in the middle of an intense trial, when he was already run ragged and barely getting three hours of sleep each night.
"I'm not sure how I could have possibly done more in the time that I had," he said. The decision to drop the mental disorder defence may not have worked, McCormick said, but he believed at the time that it was his client's best shot.
Pink doesn't buy it. "You could be a first-year law student and know that circumstantial evidence was not a defence in this case," he said, pounding his fist on a boardroom table in his Halifax office. The argument only works if the facts are consistent with some other rational conclusion, Pink said, and in this case, "there was no other rational conclusion."
Stephen Preziosi, a New York appellate attorney who has been working with the Race family, believes they have a strong case for an appeal based on ineffective assistance of counsel.
Two laws would apply to the appeal process — state and federal. The state standard relies upon the following test: given all the evidence, facts and circumstances, was the defendant provided with meaningful representation?
The federal standard, a two-part test that falls under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, asks: did the attorney's performance fall below an objective reasonable standard? And if it did, was the defendant prejudiced by it, and would the trial outcome have been different without the substandard performance?
Appeal judges are not meant to second-guess a trial attorney's strategic decisions, Preziosi said. A failed strategy is not enough to prove ineffective counsel.
Preziosi believes one of the strongest arguments for appeal is that McCormick abandoned the insanity defence. "Everybody had anticipated that this would be the defence right up until the middle of trial. This was a midstream decision. Whether or not one is going to present a defence needs to be decided before opening statements. How can you make that kind of a decision midtrial? To me it demonstrates that he was not prepared from the beginning.
"Is it reasonable not to present a psychiatric defence when your client has a long history of this kind of behaviour?" he said. "I don't believe it is."
As for the state's late disclosure of the jailhouse recordings, Preziosi was baffled. "It just absolutely amazes me that these kinds of things are allowed in a court in the United States of America."
District attorney Andrew Wylie, still lead prosecutor for Clinton County and fresh from a recent moment in the international spotlight handling the infamous 2015 New York prison escape case, said his office believes the trial was fair and impartial. Despite the outcome in Canada, Wylie continues to insist Race invented his mental illness.
"It was a trial strategy that was used by the defendant. Point blank. That's not my opinion, that's what occurred," Wylie said in a phone call.
"I mean, you kill two people in Canada, you then are followed by the police, you drive through Nova Scotia, you drive down to the Quebec border, you then make efforts to cover up the vehicle in Quebec, you cross over into the border into New York, you take solace in a hunting camp in upstate New York, you wait until a person arrives, you shoot, kill that person, you then drive south continuing to take plates off vehicles, then get to an area of Texas where you're going to cross the border. Sounds like the person had a pretty good understanding and idea of what they were doing, when they were doing it and how they did it."
Wylie dismissed the substantial amount of psychiatric evidence that concluded Race's actions were motivated by delusions. "Whatever," he said. "That's basically my response to that, ma'am." He refused to respond to a detailed follow-up email.
Wylie's perspectiveunderscores the challenge in presenting a mental disorder defence in the state of New York, where only seven people charged with murder have been found not responsible by reason of mental disease or defect after trial over the past decade. "It's a very, very tough case to make," said Ewing. "And it's especially tough in the rural upstate counties. People just don't buy it. They don't believe it. They don't believe in it."
Juries are tough. But U.S. lawyers consulted for this story said they would avoid choosing a judge-alone trial in an insanity case, primarily because judges in New York, unlike in Canada, are elected, and there is a sense that political considerations may make them hesitant to rule against popular opinion.
Ultimately, Ewing said, the argument in the Race case — not guilty vs. not responsible — may not have changed the outcome. But he agreed with what Race's supporters have been arguing for years: a fair trial would have allowed him to make his case.
With its nine-metre concrete walls and red-capped turrets, the Attica Correctional Facility, one of America's most notorious prisons, has the aura of a medieval castle. The maximum-security institution sits on a country road in upstate New York. It houses roughly 2,000 inmates and was the site of a 1971 uprising that left 43 people dead.
Beyond the walls, past half a dozen security checks and into a brick building in the inner compound, inmates sit unshackled in a large cafeteria-style visitation room at small tables arranged in rows, sharing a rare moment with their parents, wives, girlfriends and children.
On March 3, 2015, two days before his 34th birthday, Race lumbers down an aisle and takes a seat at one of the tables, facing a wall of uniformed prison guards and vending machines. He is a large man, swollen with weight gain from the antipsychotic medication he has been forced by court order to take for the past several months. He is wearing green prison sweats. His hair is slicked back with gel. His brown eyes are half-closed, narrowed suspiciously. His left wrist bears a twisted, quarter-sized scar from a pretrial suicide attempt at the Clinton County jail in which he bit through his own skin, trusting that death would allow him to walk through the jailhouse walls and "reanimate" on the other side.
"I never really believed in schizophrenia from the get-go," Race says. "I don't believe it's a real thing."
He speaks haltingly, tapping his tobacco-stained fingers on his chin. Race can carry on a conversation, but his deeper thoughts tend to devolve into rambling pontifications on spirituality. Small talk is fine. He says he spends much of his time meditating in his cell. He says his father is coming to visit this week. He says he regrets dropping out of university. He mentions that he lived with his parents in Windsor, N.S., for a few years. "Before I went and killed three people," he adds.
Even though Race does not believe in psychiatry or mental illness, his goal for the past decade has been to "get the NGRI" — to be found not guilty by reason of insanity. "I'm left with no option but to go with society's way of looking at it," he says. "That's my only real chance at freedom."
He hopes to be released so he can work on his would-be inventions, which include a kind of quick-dry underwear, a robotic arm and other creations he believes could make him a "handsome buck."
Race believes that what doctors call insanity is actually a "spiritual psychic experience." Hallucinations, to him, are visions. The voices in his head are real conversations with various Buddhas and deities. "It's almost like you're speaking to one of their astro-manifestations," he explains.
A few months ago, Race had what he describes as a spiritual awakening. It occurred when he was being held in an observation cell, before he was forced to receive injections of the antipsychotic drug risperidone, which calms some but not all of his symptoms. "Beings," he says, were all around him — on the walls, on the ceiling, within his reach. "It had extraordinary meaning," he says solemnly. He hasn't felt anything like it since, which he blames on the drugs.
Race acknowledges his crimes, but in his current state of unwellness seems to have mixed feelings about what he did. "I don't believe in wrong choices," he says, when those choices were guided by a "higher being." He says regret and remorse are negative emotions. "It could all be very detrimental to a person's state of being, to say you did something wrong."
"The difference is now I see a reason — a very strong reason — of why I should never cause harm again."
The reason is largely that he doesn't want to be in jail. Race has never expressed true remorse for his crimes, which his brother, Doug, attributes to the fact that he has not been effectively treated since he became ill.
"He regrets doing what he did because it has landed him in this situation," Doug says. "But to him the people that he killed were, sadly, they were a manifestation of his mind that was something demonic. He still believes that stuff."
Glen may not feel regret, but his family does. Doug, 32, a salesman who lives in Calgary with his wife, often wonders how things would have played out if he hadn't moved to Alberta the month before the killings.
"I think about those other families — the Manor, Knott and Brewster families — who actually lost loved ones and it hurts," he says. "It hurts bad. I don't want people to think that we don't think about that stuff." Still, he says, his brother is a victim, too. "He's a victim of his illness."
At home in Nova Scotia, Donna spends much of her time smoking cigarettes and watching television in her basement den. Sometimes she flips through a box of old letters she wrote to her son in the early days of his illness and contemplates throwing them into the wood stove, which she believes might help ease her pain. The letters remind her of how hard she tried, and how nothing worked.
"If anybody was gonna reach him it was gonna be me but I didn't succeed in that," she says.
Donna, 67, has spent years dwelling on a long list of could-have-beens. If only she could have understood Glen better. If only she could have convinced him to trust her. If only they could have stopped him from reading the antipsychiatry blogs that made him suspicious of hospitals and doctors. Show her a picture of the boys as kids and she'll break down. She's happiest in her garden, but even there she sometimes loses herself in thought and doubles over in a panic attack.
Mark, 65, busies himself with cooking, errands and household projects. He goes to church on Sundays. He plays pool on Thursdays. He golfs. He does the grocery shopping, makes soups and stews, bakes cookies. He fixes things around the house as soon as they need fixing. He builds birdfeeders and gives them away to friends. Keeping busy helps him cope, but Glen is always on his mind.
"I think about it all the time," he says. "Not once a day. It's always on my mind."
A couple of times each year he and Donna drive to New York to see their son. When they meet in the Attica visitation room, Mark buys a stack of microwaveable burgers from the vending machine. They play cards and chat about Glen's inventions and life back home. Mark steers away from heavy subjects, but every once in a while Glen will allude to a future that his father knows doesn't exist.
"He says, when I get out I think I'd wanna build a house on the top of that hill over there behind your house and have a family and everything," Mark says. "What are you supposed to say to him? You know? You gotta downplay it because you can't say, oh, I don't think that's gonna happen, Glen."
The Race family knows the odds are against them, but in their ideal world, Glen would get a new trial. He would be found not responsible in New York, and he would be sent to a psychiatric facility for treatment. If they made it that far, Doug would fight to have his brother transferred to a Canadian institution.
The family acknowledges that Glen may never be well enough to be released from medical care, given his lack of insight, his continued suspicion of doctors and the length of time his illness has gone untreated. His father says that's not their call.
"We still have hope that we'll be able to get him at least the trial that he deserves," Mark says. "What the outcome will be, we don't know."
Mexico, Nova Scotia, Halifax


From the age of four, I have felt a distinct call to preaching and providing pastoral care. While patriarchal ideology from family and church tried to keep me from it, God did not revoke this calling from my life. After years of struggling to find an alternative calling,God has ultimately brought me back to the call originally given to me.
Over the last few years, I have found myself in a place where I am giving pastoral care to victims and survivors of abuse as well as preaching about God's compassion and healing for the wounded.
As this ministry continues to unfold, I desire both accountability and credentialing for this life of service to the wounded, which lead me to seek official ordination.
The Progressive Christian Alliance provides a reputable medium for ordination. With thousands of members, the PCA is a 501(c)(3) organization with an active leadership board which provides training, spiritual discernment, ordination, single and dual church affiliation, and accountability for those who have aligned with their alliance. Their statement of belief focuses on love, service, and radical inclusion while allowing for personal spiritual growth and diversity of belief, a quality I find beneficial for my evolving faith. Clergy accountability is of the utmost importance to me and the PCA's extensive code of sexual ethics, developed by a trained social worker, provides clear accountability for ensuring ordained clergy refrain (and are held accountable) from sexual abuse, harassment, and discrimination as well as a proper response when abuse is disclosed.
For this reason, I have sought ordination through the Progressive Christian Alliance.
Having engaged in this meaningful multi-step process, I will be receiving ordination through the Progressive Christian Alliance in a formal ordination ceremony on October 21, 2018.
Ministers of the Progressive Christian Alliance are authorized within the PCA Canons and the laws of the state in which they serve to act in a manner consistent with their calling; to serve sacramentally, ceremonially and publicly. PCA ministers are also recognized by the BCCI, Board of Chaplaincy Certification Inc. affiliated with the Association of Professional Chaplains.
At this time, I do not intend to plant or pastor a traditional church. I have found myself to have the greatest pastoral impact in serving survivors online and through traveling, speaking, preaching, training, and meeting survivors and their supporters around the country. My ministry likely will not veer far from my current path; but, I will now be doing it with the accountability and credentialing structure of The Progressive Christian Alliance.
I look to the example of Mister Fred Rogers, a minister ordained to the ministry of mass media, Public Television. I believe my call to ministry will take many non-traditional forms. God's Church is broader than a brick and mortar institution and I feel my calling as a minister cannot fit neatly into a traditional, institutional church setting. In order for me to appropriately address the power structures that have harmed victims, I must step outside of these structures but do so with the accountability of others.


The perfect way to view the stunning coastline with our friends at Gylly Adventures. Starting from Gyllyngvase beach, you'll take a steady trip around Pennance Point towards Maenporth Beach where you stop for a quick ice-cream from the beach café. Along the way you'll meander in and out of gullies, venture into deep caves and get within touching distance of the famous old shipwreck Ben Asdale. If you're lucky there's the possibility of being joined by seals and even dolphins. This trip lasts for 2-3 hours and all equipment is provided - you'll just need to bring your sense of adventure!
"We have the most interesting and diverse coastline in the UK right on our doorstep. On our coastal tours, you can expect to kayak in and out of caves, paddle right past a fully exposed shipwreck and stop off half way for a drink before heading back to Gyllyngvase beach."
Guests at St Michaels Hotel and Spa receive 10% discount when booking with Gylly Adventures. Please call 01326 312707 to book or ask Isobel and the team at reception when you arrive.
Like this? Read our other On the Water blogs here.


God is leading us into the depths of the River of Revival! He is taking us to a place where we are learning to grow in Divine Capacity and to release the Kingdom on earth as it is in heaven. The Lord is revealing to us that if we are to grow in Divine Capacity, we cannot be vessels that just receive but we must be a people that both receive and release the fullness of the Kingdom. We therefore need to be vessels with holes in them to release what we are filled with. To be a hole-y people we need to be obedient. Obedience releases the Kingdom and presence of God.
Yesterday was awesome as we met with God and one another. The Lord is speaking to us about obedience and in particular He was showing us the power of secret obedience. In Matthew 6:1-24 we saw that God rewards secret obedience with His presence - our most precious reward! The Lord is challenging us to live a life of secret obedience in which we live for the Father's pleasure and not for the approval of man. The test of true faith and humility is the life of secret obedience. When we choose to live our lives to please the Father for the benefit of others and the glory of God, we will see the Kingdom of God revealed both in our lives and in the lives of those around us. Secret obedience is choosing to live a holy life and serving others even when no one is watching! Motivation is everything - if we live for man we will receive man's reward; if we live for Abba Father, we will receive God's reward!
Praise God that He has poured out His grace to enable us to release His presence, power and love for the benefit of others and for His glory alone! Hallelujah!
The Lord is blessing us richly with His presence and revelation. The children had an awesome time yesterday during children's ministry. They are learning to be true worshippers as Kingdom Kids! We praise God for anointed workers who release the children into the Lord's presence through their ministry!
God is challenging the whole church to make every effort to live lives as the habitation of God and not just to wait for the next visitation of God. The Lord is speaking to every age group about holiness and obedience and we praise God for where He is taking KLF.
These are truly exciting times and the Lord's heart is to revive His Church so that there will be an awakening in the world! It is time for the Church to rise up and release the Kingdom of God on earth as it is in heaven through obedience and holiness. Glory to God!


It's Friday morning and it is raining. Rain. Oh how much I love rain. Rain calms me. It is impossible not to smile when you wake up and you look out of the window and you see the rain pouring down. It is as if the rain is washing away all of your pain and worries. I love rain.
Enough about that. I am finally able to get a hold of the laptop, yay! In case you are not aware, my old laptop broke down and I have been sharing my mum's laptop with her for a while now, boo. Since I am on uni break right now, Mum took the laptop away with her all the time, leaving me with only my phone to get in touch with the internet which I hate because the screen is too small wtf. Blogging with a phone is beyond possible for me lol. Oh I am gonna use that excuse as to why my blog is ever so dull and boring with no updates. Ha. Yes, I would love to get my own laptop soon but since I have no means of getting money to buy one I have to be content with sharing. Can't be too spoiled there, Kiwa.
The rain is making me drowsier and making me feel like sprouting more nonsense with my fingers so I better stop. Happy Friday and enjoy the holidays, guys.


Hi, we are running some tests to import data through the neo4j-jdbc driver, actually using springframework.jdbc on top of it.
The schema is super basic, 2 nodes (Documents and NamedEntities) and 1 relationship (MENTIONED_IN).
The test consist on creating 100 documents, with a 100 named entities each and a relationship in between. It takes over 10 minutes in different machines.
We have run neo4j server 3.5 as docker container using the neo4j-jdbc driver 3.3.1. Other combinations like driver 3.4.0, with lower server versions 3.3.9 and 3.38, and 3.4.12 returned some exceptions.
For instance the first 10 docs with a total of 1000 namedentities nodes takes 2minutes aprox.
The properties of each kind of node are a few and very basic, so nothing big or weird to worry here.
I was wondering if there is any performance known issue by using the docker container, or some kind of overhead in the client/driver communication with the dockerized server that we should take into account.
Hey Miguel - could you share some code snippets of the queries and how you are executing them?
From what you've posted I'm not aware of any issues that should cause that type of performance, so seeing some code would help troubleshoot.
Hey Will, we tried out the java native driver (not the jdbc) and we noticed a 20x improvement. So most of the overhead seems to be in the jdbc driver on this kind of architecture - using the docker container. I'll try to share more details on how it looks now.


How do smart contracts guarantee payment?
What's up, party people? Chris DeRose here, Community Director of the Counterparty Foundation. I wanted to answer the question that was posed to me by one of you, which is, "How do you guarantee that the money is delivered as part of a smart contract or as part of an asset? I apologize in advance. I don't know who asked this question or wrote it down. I will see if I find this after the video and put you in the show notes somewhere. It's a good question. How do you guarantee that the assets are delivered? Assets can be any number of things, first and foremost.
It is important to understand that smart contracts work with the assets themselves, the assets themselves being the digital representation. So at some level, if your asset represents a real world thing. Let's say you want to have smart contract for a bar of gold, a bar of gold takes up space. It is certainly going to be a tough thing to enforce the asset itself be redeemable for the gold. That's a separate issue. We will get into that in a second.
But the way that we work in terms of the Counterparty system is that the asset itself in the digital representation, the asset name, the asset unit that you hold, that gets put into the Blockchain. That gets put into escrow on the Blockchain. That's one of the reasons why we call this the Counterparty project. The Counterparty Project is a programmable Counterparty agent. When you design a smart contract, you put the contract under the chain, and then you attach to it your asset. If it is either XPTC of if it is XUSD, those are now attached to that contract.
It is help in escrow. It is unusable by the person who put it there, and it's certainly not usable by anybody else. At that time in which the contract executes, now that asset is released. It goes either left or it goes right depending on what it was programmed to do. You put this into the system. It remains on the Blockchain, not in any one person's custody but on the Blockchain, then it is delivered out of the Blockchain.
Minors themselves are doing the calculations. They're validating whether or not the assets exist to begin with, whether can put there. Then once they are there, minors again or making sure that they're not redeemed by anybody. It has been allocated to that contract and it stays in custody of that contract on the Blockchain. It's pretty exotic. I mean, it's a big part of this whole decentralization movement.
It's getting rid of middlemen and having no Counterparty and no Counterparty risk. Now, towards the actual effect of what about the bar of gold. Let's say you have a unit of x gold, let's say, and x gold is now moved on to the Blockchain. You have one unit of x gold, which is a bar; in case you're the monopoly man and that's what you want to do with your bar of gold. It would have to be held by the agency of some kind for you in order for that to work. So we look at Digital Tangible Trusts, for example, and they're doing this.
What they're doing is they have precious metals for which they redeem tokens. You either share that precious metal or you have a small bar of silver or some such thing, and they are agnostic to the owner of that actual bar other than they exist as a redeemable token. So for them, I believe that Rick is the person who runs that project. When he has a person who comes to him and says "I have an asset for one unit of gold," he looks at it, he know it's true because it's validated by the network. Then conceivably, you can pull it out of there. He will mail it to you, I guess.
I don't quite know how that part works. He himself doesn't have an asset registry. He doesn't look at it. It's kind of meaningless to him who he sold it to originally and it doesn't even matter. What he had that he sold was a ticket. It was an asset.
It was a token. It was an encrypted graphic token that represented a real world precious metal. In his case, we do a contract of some kind. You put that token in an escrow. When that token pops out, whoever is the bearer of that token can then go back to Digital Tangible Trust and redeem it, and they will provide him that thing which it represents. That's how the network manages scarcity, and that's how it manages these assets in the contract.
It's very simple. It's a bonding system of a sort and you put your token into the system, and then it pops back out based on your rules in the smart contract. This also works the same way under distributed exchange. You can execute via sale orders for your assets along with all the other functions that Counterparty provides. That's it. If you liked what you saw, you can email me Chris@chrisderose.
com with your questions. You can tweet me @derosetech, and subscribe to channel if you like it. Thanks for partying with me people.


County School, Norfolk. This was located on the Wymondham- Dereham - Wells on Sea line. Viewed facing north towards Fakenham and Wells. c1964. Opened in 1866, it closed to freight traffic on 13th July 1964 and to passenger traffic on 5th October 1964. Freight to Great Ryburgh which passed through the station survived until August 1981. The station has been restored by the Mid Norfolk Railway although no track yet exists at the station. Image with kind permission of the North Elmham Archive.


text:
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Look up sport tv online in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
sport tv onlineManaging Director Martin Nettleton says: "Last month, we saw a record number of interactions from our website as a result of our advertising and PR, with enquiries coming directly from the contact form online, via email and via calls into our customer service department. This beautiful bespoke bottle was designed by M&E Design. It perfectly demonstrates how glass can be used as a vessel for ambition, style, and sophistication. The bottle was created with none of the usual visual cues of a standard whiskey bottle. Instead, it was crafted to celebrate the liquid inside and the process behind its creation. The design takes its cues from laboratory glassware found in the micro-distillery and the paneling of a whiskey cask. It has been shaped to refract and bounce light. The side panel embossing produces a Kaleidoscope of patterns within the body of the bottle, bringing Method and Madness together. The whiskey was inspired by masters and apprentices working together at the new Midleton micro-distillery, one of the oldest and most iconic distilleries in the world. The brand combines tradition and innovation to convey a sense of fun and excitement. It uses two opposing patterns throughout the packaging. The straight lines symbolise method and order and the stunning marbled patterns reference madness and liquid experimentation. Fabricated and installed by Dortech Architectural Systems Ltd, Senior's patented PURe® aluminium folding sliding doors feature as part of a stunning extension to Ms Stephen's home. Offering slim sightlines that maximise views of the property's pretty garden, the narrow yet robust aluminium frames of the PURe® doors have been powder-coated to provide an attractive brown finish that further complements and connects with the outdoor space. This beautiful bespoke bottle was designed by M&E Design. It perfectly demonstrates how glass can be used as a vessel for ambition, style, and sophistication. The bottle was created with none of the usual visual cues of a standard whiskey bottle. Instead, it was crafted to celebrate the liquid inside and the process behind its creation. The design takes its cues from laboratory glassware found in the micro-distillery and the paneling of a whiskey cask. It has been shaped to refract and bounce light. The side panel embossing produces a Kaleidoscope of patterns within the body of the bottle, bringing Method and Madness together.
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This elle sport page lists articles associated with the title Seo.
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text:
/* global describe, it */

"use strict" ;

if ( process.browser ) { return ; }

const Logfella = require( '../lib/Logfella.js' ) ;
const timeFormatter = require( '../lib/timeFormatter.js' ) ;
const Promise = require( 'seventh' ) ;

			/* Tests */

describe( "Logfella" , function() {

	it( "single test" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr , includeIdMeta: true } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'scatteredFiles' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log' } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'file' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log/app.log' } ) ;

		logger.debug( null , 'Hello ^RWorld^:!' ) ;
		logger.debug( null , 'Hello ^R%s^:!', 'world' ) ;
		logger.info( 'my-domain' , 'Hello %s!', 'my-domain' ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "color, no-color" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: false , output: process.stderr , includeIdMeta: true } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'scatteredFiles' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log' } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'file' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: false , path: __dirname + '/log/app.log' } ) ;

		logger.debug( null , 'Hello ^R%s^:!', 'world' ) ;
		logger.info( 'my-domain' , 'Hello ^G%s^:!', 'my-domain' ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "including a code and meta" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr , symbol: true } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'scatteredFiles' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log' } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'file' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log/app.log' } ) ;

		logger.error( null , 'ENOENT' , "File '%s' not found", 'toto.txt' ) ;
		logger.warning( null , { code: 'ENOENT' , file: 'toto.txt' } , "File '%s' not found", 'toto.txt' ) ;
		logger.warning( null , { code: 'ENOENT' , file: 'toto.txt' , id: ( '' + Math.random() ).slice( 2 , 8 ) , init: true , object: {a:1,b:2} } , "File '%s' not found", 'toto.txt' ) ;
		logger.info( 'my-domain' , 'Blah: %s' , 'formated' ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "misc tests" , () => {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;
		var teaTimeLogger = logger.use( 'tea-time' ) ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		//logger.addTransport( 'console' , 'info' , { color: true } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'scatteredFiles' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log' } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'file' , { minLevel: 'trace' , color: true , path: __dirname + '/log/app.log' } ) ;

		logger.info( null , 'call me later' ) ;
		logger.info( null , 'some (%i) formated %s' , 1 , 'output' ) ;
		logger.log( 5 , null , 'using integer' ) ;

		teaTimeLogger.log( 'warning' , 'This is the Tea Time logger' ) ;
		teaTimeLogger.info( 'This is the Tea Time logger x2' ) ;
		logger.debug( null , 'Inspector: %I' , { some: 'value' , another: 'string' } ) ;
		teaTimeLogger.debug( 'Inspector: %I' , { some: 'value' , another: 'string' } ) ;

		return Promise.all( [
			logger.trace( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.debug( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.verbose( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.info( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.warning( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.error( 'my-domain' , 'Blah: %s' , 'formated' ) ,
			logger.fatal( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' )
		] ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "full setup" , () => {
		var logger = Logfella.create( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain' ,
			transports: [
				{ type: 'console' , color: true , output: process.stderr }
			]
		} ) ;

		var teaTimeLogger = logger.use( 'tea-time' ) ;

		logger.info( null , 'call me later' ) ;
		logger.info( null , 'some (%i) formated %s' , 1 , 'output' ) ;
		logger.log( 5 , null , 'using integer' ) ;

		teaTimeLogger.log( 'warning' , 'This is the Tea Time logger' ) ;
		teaTimeLogger.info( 'This is the Tea Time logger x2' ) ;
		logger.debug( null , 'Inspector: %I' , { some: 'value' , another: 'string' } ) ;
		teaTimeLogger.debug( 'Inspector: %I' , { some: 'value' , another: 'string' } ) ;

		return Promise.all( [
			logger.trace( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.debug( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.verbose( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.info( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.warning( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.error( 'my-domain' , 'Blah: %s' , 'formated' ) ,
			logger.fatal( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' )
		] ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "full setup on global" , () => {
		var logger = Logfella.global ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain' ,
			transports: [
				{ type: 'console' , color: true , output: process.stderr }
			]
		} ) ;

		var teaTimeLogger = logger.use( 'tea-time' ) ;

		logger.info( null , 'call me later' ) ;
		logger.info( null , 'some (%i) formated %s' , 1 , 'output' ) ;
		logger.log( 5 , null , 'using integer' ) ;

		teaTimeLogger.log( 'warning' , 'This is the Tea Time logger' ) ;
		teaTimeLogger.info( 'This is the Tea Time logger x2' ) ;
		logger.debug( null , 'Inspector: %I' , { some: 'value' , another: 'string' } ) ;
		teaTimeLogger.debug( 'Inspector: %I' , { some: 'value' , another: 'string' } ) ;

		return Promise.all( [
			logger.trace( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.debug( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.verbose( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.info( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.warning( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' ) ,
			logger.error( 'my-domain' , 'Blah: %s' , 'formated' ) ,
			logger.fatal( 'my-domain' , 'Blah' )
		] ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "errors" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;
		var teaTimeLogger = logger.use( 'tea-time' ) ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr } ) ;
		logger.error( null , new Error( 'Something bad happens' ) ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "variable inspection" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;
		var teaTimeLogger = logger.use( 'tea-time' ) ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		//logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'unit' , { minLevel: 'trace' } ) ;
		var dt = timeFormatter.dateTime( new Date() ) ;

		logger.debug( null , { one: 1 , two: 'TWO!' } ) ;

		expect( logger.getEntries() ).to.equal( [
			'[DEBUG] ' + dt + ' <default-domain> -- <Object> <object> {\n    one: 1 <number>\n    two: "TWO!" <string>(4)\n}\n'
		] ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "format color" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr } ) ;

		logger.debug( null , 'some format inspect %I' , { one: 1 , two: 'TWO!' } ) ;
		logger.error( null , 'some error %E' , new Error( 'Something bad happens' ) ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "new hdebug for hot debugging" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		//logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'unit' , { minLevel: 'trace' } ) ;
		var dt = timeFormatter.dateTime( new Date() ) ;

		logger.hdebug( null , 'Hot Debug!' ) ;

		expect( logger.getEntries() ).to.equal( [
			'[HDBUG] ' + dt + ' <default-domain> -- Hot Debug!'
		] ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "per domain" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'debug' ,
			perDomain: {
				server: { minLevel: 'info' , maxLevel: 'error' }
			}
		} ) ;

		//logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , output: process.stderr } ) ;
		logger.addTransport( 'unit' , { minLevel: 'trace' } ) ;
		var dt = timeFormatter.dateTime( new Date() ) ;

		logger.trace( null , 'some debug' ) ;
		logger.trace( 'server' , 'some debug' ) ;
		logger.debug( null , 'some debug' ) ;
		logger.debug( 'server' , 'some debug' ) ;
		logger.info( null , 'something happens' ) ;
		logger.info( 'server' , 'something happens' ) ;
		logger.fatal( null , 'fatal error' ) ;
		logger.fatal( 'server' , 'fatal error' ) ;

		expect( logger.getEntries() ).to.equal( [
			'[DEBUG] ' + dt + ' <no-domain> -- some debug',
			'[INFO.] ' + dt + ' <no-domain> -- something happens',
			'[INFO.] ' + dt + ' <server> -- something happens',
			'[FATAL] ' + dt + ' <no-domain> -- fatal error'
		] ) ;
	} ) ;

	it( "monitoring" , function() {
		var logger = new Logfella() ;

		logger.configure( {
			minLevel: 'trace' ,
			defaultDomain: 'default-domain'
		} ) ;

		logger.mon.bob = 123 ;

		logger.addTransport( 'console' , { minLevel: 'trace' , role: 'mon' , output: process.stderr } ) ;

		logger.warning( null , 'warning!' ) ;
		logger.error( null , 'some error %E' , new Error( 'Something bad happens' ) ) ;
		logger.fatal( null , 'some fatal error %E' , new Error( 'Something really bad happens' ) ) ;
		logger.info( null , { mon: { "+bob": 5 } } , 'This update monitoring' ) ;

		expect( logger.mon ).to.equal( { warnings: 1 , errors: 2 , bob: 128 } ) ;
		logger.info( null , 'Monitoring: %I' , logger.mon ) ;

		logger.monFrame() ;
	} ) ;
} ) ;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Recent outputs include the collaborative artwork, 'Seven American Deaths and Disasters' with Kenneth Goldsmith and Professor Simon Morris in Reading as Art (Exhibition) at Bury Art Gallery (2016), the publication of the journal article, 'Z is for zero: the world is flat' (2017) in Design and Creativity, and the screening of the video artwork, 'The thing in itself' (2016), on the Big Screen in Millennium Square, Leeds.
Ian is currently investigating the potential for using virtual reality technologies in a creative context, building on research undertaken as part of the JISC funded project, Open Habitat. Through this project, in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Oxford and King's College London, Truelove investigated how 'maker' approaches in multi-user virtual environments might enhance arts-based teaching and research. He is now developing strands of this research through his PhD, with a particular focus on the specificity of the pixel as a painting medium.
He is the School of Art, Architecture and Design's representative on the University's Research and Enterprise Technology Advisory Group, and advises this group on the latest VR development, informed by his own art-practice and his participation in events such as the VR Show at the Business Design Centre in London, April 2017. He delivered a VR workshop at the Deleuze Studies International Conference Camp in Rome, July 2016, and is showcasing a new VR-based artwork at the Exploring Digital Futures conference in Scarborough, May 2017.


3 V4.81 3 May 2006 (c) 2006 John Lim (jlim#natsoft.com.my). All rights reserved.
6 (http://pecl.php.net/package/ibm_db2), which in turn requires DB2 V8.2.2.
8 Tested with PHP 5.1.1 and Apache 2.0.55 on Windows XP SP2.
10 This file was ported from "adodb-odbc.inc.php" by Larry Menard, "larry.menard@rogers.com".
13 of this code to point out any other things that can be removed.
58 // This needs to be set before the connect().
70 // an array of valid options. So far, we don't use them.
85 // This needs to be set before the connect().
157 Will return false if unable to generate an ID after $MAXLOOPS attempts.
162 // or you need to implement generation of id's yourself!
445 $rs->Close(); //-- crashes 4.03pl1 -- why?
526 Insert a null into the blob field of the table first.
527 Then use UpdateBlob to store the blob.


René Descartes was born at La Haye in Touraine (France), on March 31, 1596. Of the studies taught in the Jesuit school at La Flèche in France, mathematics alone was able to satisfy his craving for clear and certain knowledge. The years 1613-17 he spent in Paris; then he enlisted in the military service of the Netherlands, and, in 1619, in that of Bavaria.
Descartes, also known as Cartesius, was a noted French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dubbed the "Founder of Modern Philosophy" and the "Father of Modern Mathematics," he ranks as one of the most important and influential thinkers of modern times. For good or bad, much of subsequent western philosophy is a reaction to his writings, which have been closely studied from his time down to the present day. Descartes was one of the key thinkers of the Scientific Revolution in the Western World. He is also honoured by having the Cartesian coordinate system used in plane geometry and algebra named after him.
His most famous statement is Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am), found in paragraph seven of "Principles of Philosophy" (Latin).
In 1625, on his return to Paris, he was besought by his learned friends to give to the world his epoch-making ideas. Though, to escape the distractions of society, he kept his residence secret, as he had done during his first stay in Paris, and frequently changed it, he was still unable to secure the complete privacy and leisure for scientific work which he desired. Therefore he went to Holland in 1629, and spent twenty years of quiet productivity in Amsterdam, Franecker, Utrecht, Leeuwarden, Egmond, Harderwijk, Leiden, the palace of Endegeest, and 5 other places.
His work here was interrupted only by a few journeys, but much disturbed in its later years by annoying controversies with the theologian Gisbert Voëtius of Utrecht, with Regius, a pupil who had deserted him, and with professors from Leyden. His correspondence with his French friends was conducted through Père Mersenne. In 1649 he yielded to pressing invitations from Queen Christina of Sweden and removed to Stockholm. There his weak constitution was not adequate to the severity of the climate, and death overtook him within a few months.
The two decades of retirement in Holland were Descartes's productive period. His motive in developing and writing out his thoughts was, essentially, the desire not to disappoint the widely spread belief that he was in possession of a philosophy more certain than the common one. The work entitled "Le Monde", begun in 1630 and almost completed, remained unprinted, as the condemnation of Galileo (1632) frightened our philosopher from publication; fragments of it only, and a brief summary, appeared after the author's death. The chief works, the "Discourse on Method", the "Meditations on the First Philosophy", and the "Principles of Philosophy" appeared between 1637 and 1644, - the "Discours de la Méthode" in 1637, together with three dissertations (the "Dioptrics," the "Meteors," and the "Geometry"), under the common title, "Essais Philosophiques". To the (six) "Meditationes de Prima Philosophia", published in 1641, and dedicated to the Paris Sorbonne, are appended the objections of various savants to whom the work had been communicated in manuscript, together with Descartes's rejoinders.
He himself considered the criticisms of Arnauld, printed fourth in order, as the most important. The Third Objections are from Hobbes, the Fifth from Gassendi, the First, which were also the first received, from the theologian Caterus of Antwerp, while the Second and Sixth, collected by Mersenne, are from various theologians and mathematicians. In the second edition there were added, further, the Seventh Objections, by the Jesuit Bourdin, and the Replies of the author thereto. The four books of the "Principia Philosophiae", published in 1644 and dedicated to Elizabeth, Countess Palatine, give a systematic presentation of the new philosophy. The "Discourse on Method" appeared, 1644, in a Latin translation, the "Meditations" and the "Principles" in French, in 1647. The "Treatise on the Passions" was published in 1650; the "Letters", 1657-67, in French, 1668, in Latin. The "Opera Postuma", 1701, beside the "Compendium of Music" (written in 1618) and other portions of his posthumous writings, contain the "Rules for the Direction of the Mind," supposed to have been written in 1629, and the "Search for Truth by the Light of Nature." The complete works have been often published, both in Latin and in French. The eleven volume edition of Cousin appeared in 1824-26.
Descartes died on February 11, 1650 in Stockholm (Sweden).