I'm sure you've heard the phrase "walking encyclopedia" to describe someone with a vast amount of knowledge. You'd be hard pressed to find somebody more suited to this moniker than Gil Marks, author of The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. Gil may be considered the world's foremost expert on the history of Jewish cuisine. He has made culinary history his life's work, studying the origins and evolution of the foods we eat. Gil is a James Beard Award-winning author of several cookbooks, including Olive Trees and Honey – A Treasury of Vegetarian Recipes from Jewish Communities Around the World. The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food was published only two years ago, but it has made a significant impact on the food history landscape. In fact, I just found out via Facebook that the Encyclopedia is now on display at the Library of Congress as a significant cookbook! What an honor, and so well deserved.
Gil Marks after winning his James Beard Award.
I had the pleasure to speak with Gil recently about his work, his upbringing, and his career in food. The interview appears below. After, you'll find an absolutely delicious recipe for Keftes de Prassa – Sephardic Leek Fritters from The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. They're a traditional Sephardic dish for Rosh Hashanah, and they're amazingly tasty. You will love them!
Where did you grow up, and what is your ancestry?
I grew up in Richmond, Virginia. My father's side of the family is Romanian, and they're long time Americans, they came here in the 1880s. My mother's side of the family is an interesting split between Lithuanian and Belarusan.
What kinds of foods did you grow up eating?
I grew up in the South, so I grew up eating typical American stuff, as well as iconic Ashkenazi Eastern European fare, and also Southern food. I had a diverse palate because of where we lived.
How did you get started in the area of food history?
I will tell you one thing, my mother claims full credit for my career. She tells everybody that when I was a little boy, I used to complain about her food all the time. She said, "Well if you don't like what I make, make your own." I was the type of kid that did, and as with any skill, once you overcome the initial intimidation and learn a few basics, then anybody can master it and grow it. So that's how I got started.
I've never taken a cooking class in my life. I'm all self taught. If something interests me, I explore it and try it and develop it, then move on to the next thing. One of the things I did as soon as I got my first computer, about 20 years ago, I started collecting information. So every recipe I tried would go into the computer, and all of the research would go in. So over 15 – 20 years I had collected a lot, and it gave me some of the basis to go with for the encyclopedia. Then it was just a matter of checking the accuracy and making it as comprehensive and accurate as possible.
How do you go about verifying the accuracy?
Much of what we think about food can be erroneous. A lot of the things we read about food are just bubbe meises, which is Yiddish for old wives' tales – bubbe as in bubby, or grandma, and meises means tales. But whether it's Jewish food or generic American food, much of what is assumed to be the historic fact is just bubbe meises. And that's kind of what I do in my work, I try to look and see the difference between how things developed, what they are and what they were. Just to give you a Rosh Hashanah example, lekach, the Jewish honey cake, is mentioned already in the year 1290. As with many medieval food innovations, it comes from the Islamic world. It came to Italy first, because those are the port cities and the main trade cities, and then later showed up in German fare. But the honey cake of that period was totally different from what we eat today. Gingerbread and honey cakes in the Elizabethan period were made with breadcrumbs instead of flour. So when you're talking about gingerbread or honey cakes before the 1700s, you're talking about a confection, like a panforte. Totally unleavened. And you only begin adding eggs and flour in the 1700s or so. The honey cake that we eat today developed in the late 1900s with the infusion of baking powder and such. The use of chemical leavenings like baking powder and baking soda is a very American innovation.
Another bubbe meise– Irish soda bread is not Irish. It was invented in America, just as corned beef and cabbage came from America. The problem is that the language changes as dishes evolve and change over time. So the lekach of the 13th century is totally different than the lekach of the 20th century. Same thing with cinnamon. The modern cinnamon which comes from Sri Lanka has nothing to do, other than in name, with biblical cinnamon. It was just probably a medieval marketing ploy—when cinnamon showed up in the medieval period, somebody said, "Well what do we call this thing?" and probably some guy said, "Oh look, we have this biblical spice that nobody uses or knows what it is anymore, we'll just call it cinnamon." And so we just assume, but the truth is that most Americans have never tasted real cinnamon.
When it comes to Jewish food, you literally wrote the encyclopedia on the subject. How long did it take you to put together The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food?
Well, it took me my entire life in some ways, because it's a compilation of all the research I've done throughout my life. After I did Olive Trees and Honey, which was so successful, I was talking with my editor at Wiley about what to do next, and he said, "Look, you're a walking encyclopedia of food, so why don't you just write one?" And I did. It took about 5 years from that point until it came out.
My next book is about American cakes. It's a history of America, through cakes. And going back to the idea that much of what one assumes about American food is often erroneous.
When did you ultimately decide to pursue a career in food?
I didn't go into this because I had to, I did this because I wanted to. I was working at a high school and I was very unhappy—not because of the kids, but because of the administration. I said to myself, I don't want to wake up 10 years from now wondering why I'm doing something that makes me absolutely miserable. I knew I liked to write, I liked to cook and I liked everything about food. So I put those together and started Kosher Gourmet Magazine. Which was I guess in '86. That was the very beginning of the movement of kosher food into quality. America was just starting to bring in some of the quality wines from Europe and stuff. So we lasted for about 6 years, then I segued into the books, and now I've got five of them and three James Beard nominations. I never planned to have a food career. It just came about, and in some ways it was one of these divine providence things. I thought I was going into community social work, some sort of communal Jewish organization. But I ended up teaching more people, I guess, through my food writing than I would have otherwise.
I can really identify with that. I've always loved food and cooking, but I never expected to have a career in food. It seems like the stars aligned.
That's life. It sometimes takes us where we're meant to be. It's not always where we want to be. But where I end up is always better than where I wanted to be. So I can't complain. Most people love to get away from their jobs and would never take their computer with them on vacation. I never go away without my computer. This is my fun. Putting pieces together, trying new things and experiments and figuring out these historical puzzles, what foods really are and where they came from. That's my fun.
If you're watching your sodium intake, you can cut the salt to 1/2 tsp and still get a terrific flavor result. Enjoy!
An interview with Gil Marks, author of The Encyclodedia of Jewish Food, & his recipe for Sephardic Leek Patties. Kosher, Rosh Hashanah.
Slice the halved leeks thinly.
Rinse the sliced leeks thoroughly.
Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Add the leeks, cover, reduce heat to low, and simmer until very tender, about 20 minutes.
Drain the leeks and let cool. Squeeze out excess liquid.
In a large bowl, combine the leeks, potatoes, and matzo meal.
Add the eggs, 1 tbsp of oil, garlic, salt, pepper, and additional seasoning (if using). If the mixture is too soft to form patties, add a little more matzo meal or form the loose mixture into clumps and dredge them in matzo meal or bread crumbs to flatten.
For each patty, shape 3-4 tbsp of leek mixture into an oval 2 1/2 inches long, 1 inch wide, and 1/2 inch thick, with tapered ends (like a football).
In a large skillet, heat about 1/2 inch oil over medium-high heat till hot enough for frying. Fry the patties in batches, turning once, until golden brown on both sides-- about 3 minutes per side.
Drain the fried patties on paper towels.
Serve hot or at room temperature, accompanied, if desired, with the lemon wedges.
Thank you for your time and creativity! I will be sure to comment/rate the recipe once I've had a chance to make this for me and the husband!
these were yummy. just like my husbands grandma made.
If I make the meat option do I cook the meat before or just mix in the raw meat to the rest of ingredients and it cooks when fried?
Is it possible to freeze meat option? What's the best way to do so?
Do you have a recipe for onion pie? I'm Sephardic and remember my aunt (of blessed memory) making it. Unfortunately, I was too young when she died to even think of asking for the recipe!!! It's absolute heaven! Thank you in advance.
Hi Ellice, Tori's assistant Ashley here. Currently we do not have a recipe for onion pie, though it may be something to consider for the future!
I churned out a batch of these last night, and they were absolutely amazing. I ended up making mine with ground lamb instead of mashed potatoes, and with a little luck I was able to get them all into the oil in one piece. I should also add that the nutmeg adds a very nice flavor, but now I'm curious about how a little star anise would go over.
For those of you that are curious about how well they hold up in the freezer or the fridge I have some answers. They're still delicious the next day if you have any leftovers, but they lack that delicious crispy crunch after they've cooled too much. That being said, I brought my leftovers into the office and people were still gladly eating them cold.
Can you make them ahead of time and freeze them??
I've never frozen these, so I'm not totally sure how they'll work out Mandy. I assume they'll be okay. but likely not as crisp as they are fresh. You could try reheating them on a lightly greased baking sheet at 350 degrees F till hot. I can't promise they'll be as great as freshly fried keftes though.
I have made this recipe for Rosh Hashanah for the past 3-4 years. I make them a few weeks in advance, freeze them, and reheat them on a cookie sheet. They still taste great!
I am making this dish tomorrow for my guests. Thank you for bringing back my grandmother;s kitchen to my memory and internet.
Fantastic. Gil's recipe is brilliant. Enjoy!
Hi Tori, I'm so happy I found your website. I'm always looking for kosher recipes. My son-in-law is Israeli and he loves the family to get together, especially for Shabbat dinners and holidays. He is kosher, so I try my best to honor his observance. I have one problem…. I am on Weight Watchers. I would absolutely love to make your leek patties. Frying, is totally out of the question. What are your thoughts about my crucifying your recipe by spraying the tops with olive oil and then baking them? If yes, what temperature and approximately, how long?
Hi Karen– I wish I had good news for you, but I have a feeling these will not hold up well to baking. The dough is quite soft, and the frying really helps to solidify them. That said, you may be able to pull it off if you're willing to add some extra matzo meal to the mixture. This will help firm things up and hold the patties together. If you are able to get them to a point where they aren't soft or sticky, then baking may work. If you have a chance to try it, please report back and let us know how it works for you!
This is exactly the dish my grandmother used to make. I did get her recipe notebooks but she does not describe the process in detail. Thanks to your blog, I can recreate my grandma;s cuisine in my own home.
I wanted to try some new recipes this Rosh Hashanah and discovered your awesome web site. My menu will include pomegranate molasses brisket, saffron rice, and stove top tzimmes for those who are not fans of rice. Is it possible to prepare the rice and tzimmes early in the day and then reheat it before serving and, if so, what is the best way to reheat? Each of these recipes serves 8 or so people; I will be having 10 people for dinner and am wondering if these will be adequate, or should I plan to increase them? Thanks in advance for any advice you can give!
Hi Marcia! The tzimmes can definitely be made early that morning and reheated before serving. You may need to add a little liquid (broth or water) to the pan to reheat. Use gentle heat when reheating to make sure they don't burn or go mushy on you. I don't recommend making the saffron rice ahead– you can do it, but it honestly tastes so much better fresh. As for portions, I would make the recipes at 1 1/2 scale (1 recipe + 1/2 recipe), so that you'll have some leftovers. Guests love taking home leftovers, and you'll love having a little extra to snack on throughout the week. I always make a little extra so that if a particular dish is popular, I don't run out. Good luck!
Just bc I hate factual inaccuracies, bubbie meises is not "old wives tales," that's a common misconception. In old Europe there was a popular Jewish fiction about a Jewish knight named "bobi" or something like that. The stories were so fantastic that when people would talk about things that were crazy or unbelievable they would call them "bobi meises." Eventually people forgot the true origin of the term and offered a new explanation for it.
"1 cup mashed potatoes =OR= 1 lb. ground lamb =OR= 1/3 cup ground walnuts" ??? Surely that's three entirely different recipes?
I am so glad I found this site. Loved the article and the recipe. Leaving this week for my brother and sister in laws place north of Puerto Vallarta. She will love this as hse also has the only Kosher certified pasteleria/coffee shop in this part of Mexico!!
How timely. Marks' recipes and books are amazingly researched and so thorough. My copy of the encyclopedia just arrived on Friday. It's a must have in a Jewish cookbook library.
I concur. Looking at them makes my mouth water. Looking forward to making these for Rosh Hashanah.


Our economy is really a little bit down and most of the products and gas prices are expensive. Most of the people cut off their travel expenses and save some bucks for other expenses in the house. Now you did not know that there are some options when you want really to have a vacation in New York and plan for your trip. Well, i can say goairlinkshuttle.com can help you solve that problem. Is it amazing that this site will help you find a low prices shuttle and of course your hotel. They are offering an affordable, reliable yet safe ground transportation services throughout New York and the surrounding suburbs. Wow this is really great if i will avail this i want to visit the Statue Of Liberty and in Time Square. You can ride in JFK Shuttle or any shuttle services you want. They have also a share-ride airport shuttles and provide transfers in each direction between JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Airports and hotels, residences and businesses between Battery Park and 125th Street. Go Airlink Shuttle operates every day of the year and offer $5 discounts on round trips when booking online. No more worries you can save if you will going to book earlier just visit http://www.goairlinkshuttle.com for more information. Hope to see you there.


Country vocal trio Rascal Flatts formed in Columbus, Ohio in 1999 and were signed to Disney Music Group's Lyric Street Records just one year later. The band has released eleven studio albums to date, with seven of them rated platinum or higher by the RIAA, launching twenty-five top twenty singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart, including thirteen number ones. The band released their most recent studio album, Back to Us, in 2017, earning the group their twelfth top ten album on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.


The beautiful porcelain Dots vases are hand-made by Minnesota-based clay studio Inesse. The studio's founder, Ben Fiess, has become well known for his beautiful Utilitarian jars and this series of charming bud vases retains Ben's unique aesthetic and amazing sense of color.
These vases have a glossy white interior.
Each Dots vase is made of cast high-fired porcelain and is colored with vitreous engobes (a specific clay slip which is applied to each vase's surface).
Due to the hand-made nature of the Dots vases, no two are identical.


text:
Acts - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Alexander)
Alexander, Joseph A.
This commentary on the book of Acts was written by J.A. Alexander, the third son of the famous Archibald Alexander, and an eminent Christian teacher in his own right. The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia described him as the most remarkable linguist ever produced by America. Like his father, Alexander taught at Princeton Theological Seminary, occupying successively the chairs of Oriental and Biblical Literature, Church History, and New Testament Literature. His premature death was called by A.A. Hodge, 'the most disastrous blow the institutions of Princeton ever experienced'.
Of this Commentary on Acts C. H. Spurgeon wrote, 'In all respects a work of the highest merit'. J.H. Thornwell held the same opinion: 'Alexander's commentaries on Acts and Mark I regarded as models, as nearly perfection in their kind as human skill could make them, and I have been in the habit, not only of recommending them, but of insisting on my classes procuring and studying them'.
Alexander's merit as a writer lies in his clarity and precision of thought. His great purpose is to state the meaning of the text of Scripture and the continuing demand for his commentaries is one proof of the extent to which he succeeded.
Read Sample Pages
Joseph A. Alexander (1809-1860) was the third son of Archibald Alexander. From 1830 to 1833 he was adjunct professor of ancient languages and literature at the College of New Jersey, and then moved to Princeton Theological Seminary as an assistant to Charles Hodge, professor of oriental and biblical literature. In 1838 Alexander became associate professor, and succeeded Hodge in that chair in 1840. He transferred in 1851 to the chair of biblical and ecclesiastical history, and in 1859 to that of Hellenistic and New Testament literature until his death.
Davenant, John
Colossians - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Davenant)
Brown, John (of Edinburgh)
Galatians - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Brown)
Hodge, Charles
Romans - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Hodge)
Nisbet, Alexander
1 and 2 Peter - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Nisbet)
1 & 2 Corinthians - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Hodge)
Bonar, Andrew
Leviticus - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Bonar)
Bridges, Charles
Proverbs - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Bridges)
Martin, Hugh
Jonah - Geneva Series of Commentaries (Martin)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Including .NET assemblies in a VB6 manifest? I am working on a vb6 project and want to create a manifest so no registering is required.
I use MMM (Make My Manifest) tool which scans your VB6 project for dll dependencies and generates the manifest.
However, the MMM does not include tlb files, and I have a Client.dll and Client.tlb written in .net that which has been exposed to COM and used in my VB6 program.
I don't to you use Regasm as it would be nice if no register to the registry is done.
I tried to generate a seperate manifest for the via the mt tool in command line,   'mt.exe -tlb:Client.tlb -dll:Client.dll -out:Client.manifest'
Then I thought I could merge the 2 manifest via: 'mt.exe -manifest program.exe.manifest client.manifest -out:program.exe.manifest'
However, when I run the program I'm getting an message box that says ' Run-time error -2147220999 (800401f9): Automation error , Error in the Dll'
Am i doing things correctly above, anyone had similar experience, any help appreciated.

A: Here is a short description how UMMM does it:

*

*First, for the .Net dll it generates a manifest to a temp file with this
mt.exe -nologo -managedassemblyname:"{dotnet_dll}" -nodependency -out:"{dotnet_dll}.manifest"

*Then embeds this manifest into .Net dll as RT_MANIFEST resource 2 with this
mt.exe -nologo -manifest "{dotnet_dll}.manifest" -outputresource:"{dotnet_dll}";2

*Finally references the .Net dll from the VB6 executable by extracting assemblyIdentity tag from .Net dll manifest and adding it to the reg-free manifest inside dependency\dependentAssembly tag like this
<dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="PdfSigner" version="1.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="msil" />
    </dependentAssembly>
</dependency>

This way clrClass tags Hans mentions appear in the the .Net dll embedded manifest and not in the VB6 executable manifest.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A picture taken on September 19, 2017, at a courthouse shows a statue of the goddess of Justice balancing the scales.
OIC VENANCE/AFP/Getty Images
ABA Passes Access to Justice Measure After Opposition Fades
By Sam Skolnik
Feb. 17, 2020, 11:37 PM
New York State Bar Association president lauds "powerfully important moment"
Vote followed several days of sometimes tense negotiations
The American Bar Association passed a resolution encouraging state bars to explore innovative approaches to access to justice by voice vote on Monday, after several days of behind-the-scenes negotiations during which its passage seemed unclear.
Proponents of Resolution 115 prevailed in the House of Delegates vote during the ABA midyear meeting in Austin, Texas, in part because they were willing to adjust the proposal's language to make it more palatable to detractors who had been concerned about its possible impact on legal industry independence. The House of Delegates is the policy-making arm of the ABA, composed of nearly 600 members, two-thirds of whom represent state, local, and specialty-focused bar groups.
The resolution—which encourages states to consider "innovative approaches" toward increasing access to legal services, and to collect data to see if the approaches are working—could add momentum to a burgeoning access to justice movement. Several state bar groups are taking the lead to explore how to make civil legal services more affordable to middle-class and poorer individuals often shut out of the system.
Advocates of the measure, which had been revised to make it clear that any changes to the system be in the interests of the clients and public, said it represented a victory for the ABA.
"The train is leaving the station. The ABA needs to be on that train," said Andrew Perlman, dean of Suffolk Law School in Boston and a former chair of the governing council of the ABA's Center for Innovation, which sponsored the resolution.
"This is a powerfully important moment in the history of the ABA, and of the profession," said New York State Bar Association President Henry "Hank" Greenberg, who had opposed the measure before it was revised. "We're taking ownership of the issue."
The resolution's opponents first became public through a Jan. 30 letter sent to the House of Delegates and signed by six state bar presidents and others, but they were mostly silent at the Monday meeting. The overwhelming number of voices who voted in favor of the proposal dwarfed the small number of "nays" that followed.
The opponents had argued that the proposal and the accompanying report could spur the erosion of the legal industry's "critical values" by allowing in outside interests motivated "purely by profit."
Access to justice reforms under debate in three western states could spur dramatic side effects if widely adopted by allowing the Big Four accountancies and other alternative legal service providers to compete directly with top U.S. law firms. Bar rules currently disallow such companies from opening their own legal operations.
A half-dozen ABA delegates spoke on behalf of the resolution before the vote, but none spoke against it.
Several speakers in favor of the proposal spoke passionately about the need for access to justice reform—and the need for the ABA to have a seat at that table.
"We are the legal experts. We are the ABA," said Austin-based Texas State District Court Judge Lora Livingston on behalf of the measure. "We make situations better than they were when we found them."
After the Jan. 30 letter was released, passage seemed less certain then ever—especially given that the ABA has had a history of considering proposals to change its model rules in favor of increased options for nonlawyer ownership, and rejecting them.
But advocates kept pressing their case during regional bar meetings at the conference, panel discussions, and in a series of private communications. They argued that the measure should be seen as little more than a call of support for state-level experimentation, and for data collection—and that it did not specifically support the loosening or repeal of Rule 5.4, which forbids nonlawyer co-ownership of law firms. Changes to that rule are being explored by the state bars in California, Arizona, and Utah.
The debate came to a head during a sometimes-heated Feb. 14 meeting of the ABA's "Five Bar" group, which included the leadership of several of the largest state bars, as well as Perlman, one of the drafters of Resolution 115. By the end of the meeting, more than one detractor had signaled their willingness to change their mind because of the overriding importance of the issue.
ABA President Judy Perry Martinez said that attorneys need to work to come together on the access to justice issue.
"This is what lawyers do best. We have varying perspectives, but we listen to each other," Martinez said after the vote. "This was a significant day for the ABA."
To contact the reporter on this story: Sam Skolnik in Washington at sskolnik@bloomberglaw.com
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Jessie Kokrda Kamens at jkamens@bloomberglaw.com; Rebekah Mintzer at rmintzer@bloomberglaw.com
Sam Skolnik
ABA House of Delegates Resolution 115 (final version)
ABA House of Delegates Resolution 115 (draft version)
ABA Softens Access to Justice Measure as Vote Nears
Feb. 15, 2020, 2:42 PM
ABA Poised for Heated Fight Over Resolution on Access to Justice
Feb. 12, 2020, 9:51 AM
Big Four May Gain Legal Market Foothold With State Rule Change
ABA Chief Looks to States on Access Reform Issues (2)
Oct. 9, 2019, 8:50 AM


text:
Justia Dockets & Filings Second Circuit Connecticut District Court Cardona Esquilin v. Kijakazi
Cardona Esquilin v. Kijakazi
Seire Noemi Cardona Esquilin
Kilolo Kijakazi
Interested Party:
US District Court for the District of Connecticut
Thomas O Farrish
Stefan R Underhill
Social Security: SSID Tit. XVI
This docket was last retrieved on December 16, 2021. A more recent docket listing may be available from PACER.
December 16, 2021 ***Entered in Error*** Filing fee received from Law Offices of Ivan M Katz: $ 402.00, receipt number 783568. (Fanelle, N.) Modified on 12/16/2021 (Fanelle, N.).
December 16, 2021 Filing fee received from Law Offices of Ivan M Katz: $ 402.00, receipt number CTXN00024266. (Fanelle, N.)
December 10, 2021 Filing 13 SCHEDULING ORDER: The Government having filed its administrative record (Doc. No. 10 and Doc. No. 11), the court hereby enters the following Scheduling Order: Plaintiff shall file a motion to reverse and/or remand, supporting memorandum of law, and statement of material facts on or before February 7, 2022. Defendant shall file a motion to affirm or a motion for voluntary remand, supporting memorandum of law, and statement of material facts on or before April 8, 2022. Plaintiff may file a reply brief pursuant to Local Rule 7(d) on or before April 22, 2022. Prior to the filing of any dispositive motions, counsel are encouraged to confer regarding the merits of the case in an effort to determine whether a reversal and voluntary remand are appropriate. The court reminds the parties of the previously filed Standing Scheduling Order which sets forth page limits and form and content requirements for motions, supporting memoranda, and statement of materials facts. (Doc. No. 5) The parties should avoid boilerplate discussions of the governing legal standards as the court is familiar with the standard of review and the sequential evaluation process employed in the analysis of Social Security disability applications. The parties should focus on informing the court of relevant and controlling legal authority and applying it to the facts of this case. Motions filed by the parties must comply with the requirements set forth above and in the Local Rules of Civil Procedure. Failure to comply may result in denial of the motion. Requests for extensions of these deadlines are discouraged and, unless unusual circumstances dictate otherwise, counsel should not seek an extension of greater than 30 days. Any motion for extension of a deadline must include a showing of good cause as required by Local Rule 7(b)(2) and must be filed at least three days before the existing deadline. Dispositive Motions due by 2/7/2022 Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 12/10/21. (Caldero, M.)
December 10, 2021 Filing fee received from Ivan M. Katz: $ 402.00, receipt number TBD (Pesta, J.)
December 9, 2021 Filing 12 REMINDER: Standing Order on Social Security Appeals Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 12/9/2021. (Attachments: #1 Consent Form)(Anastasio, F.)
December 8, 2021 Filing 11 Social Security Transcripts. (McKimens, Pam)
December 8, 2021 Filing 9 NOTICE of Appearance by Pam McKimens on behalf of Kilolo Kijakazi (McKimens, Pam)
November 29, 2021 Filing 8 ORDER denying #3 Motion for Leave to Proceed in forma pauperis; adopting 7 Recommended Ruling. Upon review and absent objection, the court affirms, adopts and ratifies 7 Recommended Ruling, denying #3 Motion for Leave to Proceed in forma pauperis. The plaintiff is put on notice that she must either re-file the motion to proceed in forma pauperis OR pay the full filing fee by December 20, 2021. Failure to do so will result in the dismissal of her case. Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 11/29/21. (Caldero, M.)
November 29, 2021 Dismissal due by 12/20/2021 Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 11/29/21. (Caldero, M.)
November 2, 2021 Filing 7 RECOMMENDED RULING. The undersigned recommends that the plaintiff's Motion for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis #3 be DENIED. 28 U.S.C. 1915(a)(1) allows a court to authorize commencement of an action without prepayment of fees only when "the person is unable to pay such fees or give security therefor." To show such inability to pay, a plaintiff does not have to demonstrate absolute destitution, see Potnick v. E. State Hosp., 701 F.2d 243, 244 (2d Cir. 1983) (per curiam), but she does have to show that "paying such fees would constitute a serious hardship on the plaintiff." Fiebelkorn v. U.S., 77 Fed. Cl. 59, 62 (2007). A "sufficient" in forma pauperis application is one that demonstrates that the plaintiff "cannot because of his poverty pay or give security for the costs and still be able to provide himself and his dependents with the necessities of life." Adkins v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 335 U.S. 331, 339 (1948).In determining whether a plaintiff's financial circumstances meet this standard, courts consider not only his or her personal resources, but also family resources as well. See, e.g., Fridman v. City of N.Y., 195 F. Supp. 2d 534, 537 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) ("In assessing an application to proceed in forma pauperis, a court may consider the resources that the applicant has or can get from those who ordinarily provide the applicant with the necessities of life, such as from a spouse, parent, adult sibling or other next friend.") (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); Monti v. McKeon, 600 F. Supp. 112, 114 (D. Conn. 1984), aff'd, 788 F.2d 1 (2d Cir. 1985) (table decision). Here, the plaintiff has filed a declaration under penalties of perjury, setting forth her financial circumstances. She states that she is receiving $2,800 per month in government benefits. She also states that her husband earns $26.00/hour as a machine operator - which would work out to $1,040 per week, or $4,506 per month, assuming a 40-hour work week. Their two incomes therefore add up to $7,306 per month, as against $5,905 in declared monthly expenses. The plaintiff also owns a home, and has over $35,000 in equity in it.To be sure, the plaintiff's affidavit lists gross rather than net (post-tax) income. And she states that she only has $250 in cash on hand at the moment. But even allowing for these points, the affidavit fails to demonstrate that paying the fee would interfere with "the necessities of life." See, e.g., Morales v. Rembisz, No. 3:20-cv-192 (JCH), slip op. at 2-3 (D. Conn. Mar. 16, 2020) (recommending denial of IFP motion where plaintiffs' gross family income meaningfully exceeded expenses). Because the plaintiff's financial affidavit does not demonstrate an inability to pay, the undersigned recommends that her motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis be denied.This is a recommended ruling. Any objections to it must be filed with the Clerk of the Court within fourteen days - that is, by November 16, 2021. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)). Signed by Judge Thomas O. Farrish on 11/02/2021.(Farrish, Thomas)
November 1, 2021 Filing 6 ELECTRONIC FILING ORDER FOR COUNSEL - PLEASE ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH COURTESY COPY REQUIREMENTS IN THIS ORDER Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 11/01/2021.(Carr, Dave)
November 1, 2021 Filing 5 STANDING SCHEDULING ORDER: Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 11/01/2021.(Carr, Dave)
November 1, 2021 Filing 4 STANDING ORDER ON SOCIAL SECURITY ORDER Signed by Judge Stefan R. Underhill on 11/01/2021. (Attachments: #1 Standing Order)(Carr, Dave)
November 1, 2021 Filing 3 MOTION for Leave to Proceed in forma pauperis by Seire Noemi Cardona Esquilin. (Carr, Dave)
November 1, 2021 Filing 2 NOTICE of Appearance by Ivan Michael Katz on behalf of Seire Noemi Cardona Esquilin (Carr, Dave)
November 1, 2021 Filing 1 COMPLAINT against Kilolo Kijakazi, filed by Seire Noemi Cardona Esquilin. (Attachments: #1 civil cover sheet)(Carr, Dave)
November 1, 2021 Answer deadline updated for Kilolo Kijakazi to 12/31/2021. (Carr, Dave)
Access this case on the Connecticut District Court's Electronic Court Filings (ECF) System
Search for this case: Cardona Esquilin v. Kijakazi
Plaintiff: Seire Noemi Cardona Esquilin
Represented By: Ivan Michael Katz
Defendant: Kilolo Kijakazi
Represented By: Pam McKimens
Interested party: Social Security Administration


text:
The 1991 Brownlow Medal was the 64th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Jim Stynes of the Melbourne Football Club was declared the outright winner of the medal count, becoming the fifth individual to win the award while playing for Melbourne.

Top 10 votegetters
If a number is vacant, it indicates that the player missed that particular game.
Numbers highlighted in blue indicates the player led/were equal leader in the Brownlow Medal count at the end of that round.
Players with asterisks next to names indicates ineligibility to win the award due to suspension from the Tribunal.

Leading votegetters by club

References

External links

Brownlow Medal
1991
1991 Australian Football League season

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Can a military pilot make his airplane invisible for the ATCs?
I'm writing a story about the pilot of the Austrian Air Force, who uses his Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft for unintended purposes.
I've read stories in the internets that civil pilots allegedly can make their planes invisible for the flight controllers by turning off some device (transponder?). I'm not sure if it is true, but I saw with my own eyes a pilot of a small aircraft (Cessna Skyhawk), who took off without a transponder (the antenna was broken), was told by the ATC to fix the transponder, landed, and then took off again -- now with a temporary fix that made the antenna work for a while. In other words: Pilots of small aircraft do have the option to fly with or without a transponder (at least on small Austrian airfields). I'm not sure if it's 100 % legal, but sometimes pilots do it.
But a military Eurofighter is different from a little Cessna plane.
Is it technically possible for a pilot of Eurofighter Typhoon to become invisible for the air traffic controllers by switching off the transponder?
air-traffic-control military transponder eurofighter-typhoon
$\begingroup$ You don't need to switch off the transponder if you are flying at an altitude of 200ft above the floor of a valley through the mountains ;) In fact I've seen a couple of Tornados "hide" behind a 200ft slope at the edge of an air base during a "war games" exercise - they just stooged in quietly below the crest of the slope with no radio communication, hopped over the slope at the last minute, and beat up the airfield at 50 ft AGL with the throttles set to "reheat". If that had been "for real" there would have been a few hundred cluster bombs to dig out of the runway. $\endgroup$ – alephzero Apr 2 '17 at 14:32
$\begingroup$ @mins: ATC (at least in the US) does use primary radar. It's not unusual to have them give a bearing to a target with no altitude info, which may turn out to be a sailplane, hang glider, flock of birds, &c. $\endgroup$ – jamesqf Apr 2 '17 at 19:18
$\begingroup$ If the Eurofighter is armed, it could turn also off ATC radars in a more permanent way. $\endgroup$ – Steve V. Apr 3 '17 at 1:57
$\begingroup$ Relatedly, there's a long controversy over whether Tornados and Typhoons should have TCAS/ACAS collision avoidance systems: aviationweek.com/defense/… $\endgroup$ – pjc50 Apr 3 '17 at 12:30
$\begingroup$ @alephzero: Very nice anecdote, and yes, hugging the terrain was standard tactics for the Tornado. Only one nitpic: There's nothing "quiet" about a Tornado at that flight level. ;-) $\endgroup$ – DevSolar Apr 3 '17 at 15:14
Radar systems have 2 aspects, the primary and secondary systems, or the Radar and the interrogator. The radar sends out a RF signal and receives everything that is returned on that same frequency, and performs calculations to determine the azimuth and range of everything it receives. The interrogator sends out radio pulses which transponders in aircraft receive and decode. The transponders then transmit data on a different frequency than what was received. The interrogator then receives that signal and decodes it and correlates it with the primary radar data to tell the operator that 'yes, that is definitely a valid target' and gives the info on the flight to the operator.
You can turn off the transponder, but all that will do is make it so that the ATC won't be able to see a correlated flight, (one that is definitely an aircraft and not just noise coming through the primary radar). The screen would still show a blip where the radar picks up a signature though. If the plane has radar absorbent material or is close enough to the ground, that would get filtered out as noise.
An ATC, who is used to only working with aircraft who want to be seen, and thus keep their transponders on, might be fooled by this. But a military radar operator might not be so easily fooled by this.
$\begingroup$ @FranzDrollig I think this is a quite new / different question. Care to ask this as separate one? $\endgroup$ – trejder Apr 2 '17 at 13:03
$\begingroup$ @trejder Right. Here's the new question: aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/36789/… $\endgroup$ – user20083 Apr 2 '17 at 15:49
$\begingroup$ @FranzDrollig, Austria's probably got close to 100% coverage, being a modern, land-locked nation with a lot of airports. There might be some stray blind spots behind mountains or in valleys, but if the airplane is a sensible distance off the ground, it'll be visible. $\endgroup$ – Mark Apr 3 '17 at 23:39
$\begingroup$ It should also be noted that civil aviation authorities can and often do utilize only a secondary surveillance radar (SSR) as a standalone system. This is done as a cost saving measure, as a primary surveillance radar (PSR) initial acquisition and reoccurring operational and maintenance costs can be prohibitive. If an aircraft is operating SSR only airspace, ave assuming there are no military integrated air defense system ASV radars being used, an aircraft could go undetected if the transponder was deactivated. $\endgroup$ – BigNutz Apr 5 '17 at 5:45
$\begingroup$ A military operator will sound the alarm. Unidentified flying object coming in with the speed and overall signature of a fighter plane is a possible incoming attack. $\endgroup$ – Mast Apr 5 '17 at 12:12
The Eurofighter has a transponder that can be switched off, similar to a Cessna. By switching off the transponder, the aircraft becomes invisible to cooperative surveillance. This means the aircraft will not be detected by secondary radar and active multilateration. However, the aircraft can still be detected by primary radar because that does not rely on the transponder.
Civil ATC centres sometimes use only secondary radar, so in such a case the aircraft can become invisible when the transponder is switched off.
Military air traffic control and air defence systems do not rely so much on cooperative surveillance, mainly because you can't expect the enemy to cooperate. Therefore hiding a Eurofighter from military ATC by switching off the transponder is doomed to fail.
edited Apr 4 '17 at 14:31
DeltaLimaDeltaLima
$\begingroup$ While hiding a Eurofighter from military ATC by switching off the transponder is doomed to fail, you could hide a Eurofighter by switching on a transponder. One that claims the Eurofighter isn't a fighter plane at all. $\endgroup$ – Peter Apr 2 '17 at 22:07
$\begingroup$ @Peter that won't hide it, merely masquerade it as something else. And if the primary radar return conflicts with what the transponder tells the secondary, I'd guess a military radar would instantly flag the return for extra attention. A civilian radar indeed would probably accept the transponder reading at face value. $\endgroup$ – jwenting Apr 3 '17 at 6:57
$\begingroup$ @Peter The transponder sends information such as altitude, bearing, and velocity with a 4 digit code. That code references a filed flight plan which has the airplane type listed. Military planes have had fight plans generated which do not match their actual type as a stealth measure. However the pilot should be told that so that they don't exceed the flight performance of the type they are pretending to be. There is a rather Infamous story of a SR-71 over Canada doing 150MPH over the KC-135 that they are pretending to be. $\endgroup$ – Rowan Hawkins Apr 3 '17 at 7:43
$\begingroup$ airspacemag.com/flight-today/blackbird-diaries-180953373 the anecdote mentioned by @RowanHawkins - at least with 1970s tech the radar picks it up but the operator can't tell what plane it is exactly. $\endgroup$ – Pranab Apr 3 '17 at 9:56
$\begingroup$ It still functions the same way. ADS-B has the aircraft's callsign embedded in each packet, but the transponder is just a 4 digit code reference for the flight plan. $\endgroup$ – Rowan Hawkins Apr 4 '17 at 23:43
ATC radar has two modes: Primary and Secondary.
Primary shows radar echo returns. Normally this is from metal aircraft, precipitation, birds and anything which reflects radio frequency energy at the frequencies of the radar transmitter.
Secondary radar shows the replies from transponders. A transponder responds to an "interrogation" signal transmitted along with the primary radar transmission, but at a different frequency. The transponder replies with a return, which has some binary data encoded with it. That data could include a 12 bit squawk code, pressure altitude of the aircraft binary data, aircraft identification data (mode S), as well as a single bit "ident" data which is set temporarily by pressing a button on the control panel of the transponder inside the aircraft.
Some military aircraft have coatings and designs to minimize primary radar returns, so that they can operate without being recognized by common ATC radars and some military defense radars. Additionally, they may have active systems designed to fool or jam the expected operation of primary radars.
Any aircraft can operate with their transponder turned off. If that aircraft has a low radar cross section (RCS), perhaps due to it's size or radar reflectivity, it may not be seen by primary radar.
Normally ATC is run with secondary radar, and the controller will "turn down" the display of primary radar, to reduce clutter on their screen.
So if a military aircraft with primary radar supression technology turns off their transponder, they may not be seen by ATC. If they then engage active measures to fool or jam primary radar, they may not be visible to most primary radar systems.
So, to answer your question, yes, it is possible for a military aircraft to become "invisible" to ATC.
If you have further questions, ask. I have spent 28 years writing radar processing algorithms, and will share what I can.
mongomongo
$\begingroup$ If the target uses active jamming the ATC will know it. And most likely would not be able to see anyting on primary radar. $\endgroup$ – TomMcW Apr 2 '17 at 20:35
$\begingroup$ I worked on the TPS-75 in the air force, it used frequency staggering. So it would send a pulse at 2.9 GHz then one at 3.1 and some more in between. It did this in a certain order that might be classified, I'm not sure. I think the reason for this was to make jamming a bit more difficult. It also had some feature that would show which azimuth jamming was coming from if jamming indeed was being attempted. $\endgroup$ – alex Apr 3 '17 at 7:53
$\begingroup$ There are active techniques which are not clearly observable by ATC primary radar and effectively prevent the display (and detection) by primary radar. $\endgroup$ – mongo Apr 3 '17 at 16:18
$\begingroup$ Methods varying the spectral and temporal signals are good methods, as they tend to block simplistic counter-measures. $\endgroup$ – mongo Apr 3 '17 at 16:20
Since your story is set in Austria, you may also consider the fact that the airport of Innsbruck (ICAO: LOWI) has no primary radar for aircraft flying lower than 3.000m because it's impossible due to the topology of the Inntal.
answered Apr 3 '17 at 9:13
winternightwinternight
The DASS ("Defensive Aids Sub System") of the Eurofighter Typhoon can "delay/hamper/prevent aquisition by enemy RADAR", using powerful jamming transmitters in the wing tips. It also has towed jammer transmitters ("Towed Decoy", being towed behind the airplane by 100m of Kevlar line). Via Cross-Eye-Jamming, it can also make Monopulse-RADARs blieve that the plane is at a different position.
The Eurofighter Typhoon can dispende chaff, which can block simple RADARs, but is mostly useless against Doppler RADAR.
All these counter measurements are primarily targeted as a defense against RADAR-guided missiles. These counter-measurements show up on the RADAR displays. Chaff will produce a large RADAR echo (trying to convice the simple brain of an approaching missile that the chaff is a better target than the airplane). Jamming will show up as noise on the receiving RADAR. The noise will will occupy a sector of the RADAR image. Depending on the strength of the jammer and the quality of the RADAR, the sector may be wider or rather tight, but it will always point into the general direction of the jammer. The RADAR operator will know that there is a RADAR jammer in a certain direction, but he will not know altitude and distance. Obviously, networked RADARs, which combine data from RADARs at different locations can triangulate the position of the jammer.
But there's always the classical approach: low altitude flight, preferably in a hill/mountain region.
In any case, it will be the last flight the pilot ever did as a licensed pilot.
Edit: Oh, yes, Anti Radiation Missiles. Most probably the AGM-88 HARM ("Highspeed Anti Radiation Missile") in case of the Eurofighter Typhoon. These will definitely make ALL aircraft invisible to a RADAR. Useful in a range between 25km (if launched at low altitude) and 80km (if launched in the stratopause, a height of 50km or so), it will approach a RADAR at a speed of Mach 2.9 or above. Of course, the RADAR operator will, most likely, notice that his RADAR just got destroyed by a missile. The NATO Counter-Surprise alert state will about immediate jump to SCARLET. Military RADAR (like the AWACS ("Airborne Warning and Control System")) will, most likely, have already detected the missile attack. Anti aircraft weapons will be manned, fighter and bomber aircraft will be readied and awaiting combat orders. The USA will, most probably, also go to DEFCON 2, with a stand-by for a possible increase to DEFCON 1.
What exactly is the "unintened purpose" of the Austrian pilot. Trying to impress his girlfriend, maybe? Hm.
More plausible is what Peter mentioned: impersonating another flight by switching transponder codes. The ATC will, most probably, notice when a flight does not behave as expected, is in two places at the same time, or is present at the wrong time.
Also note that there a different ATCs: Eurocontrol for the Upper Air Space. Austro Control for general Austria, Deutsche Flugsicherung for general Germany, plus the individual ATCs for the airspace near the individual airports.
KlawsKlaws
$\begingroup$ "a height of 50km" - that is way outside the envelope of any airplane capable of launching an AGM-88, and consequently outside the design limits. The rocket engine will fire at that height (doesn't need atmospheric oxygen) but the guidance fins need sufficient airflow to work. Did you perhaps mean 50.000 feet? That's somewhat high, but not for an EuroFighter Typhoon (ceiling ~65.000 ft/20 km) $\endgroup$ – MSalters Apr 3 '17 at 20:04
$\begingroup$ While I'm definitely glad to see someone mentioning that fighter planes and fighter pilots have a vested interest in being able to evade radar detections through a variety of means, I do have to politely suggest that deploying a HARM against the ground radar is most likely not in the CONOPS scope the OP was intending. It would certainly make it so the radar is incapable of seeing the plane, but it also is a very... visible action. =) $\endgroup$ – Cort Ammon Apr 3 '17 at 21:19
$\begingroup$ "A height of 50km": good point about the airplane. I do not know which airplane is capable of launching an AGM-88 at that height, but the idea of firing this missile into the stratopause is real. The diagrams I have seen suggest that AGM-88 is launched at some lower altitude, then the AGM-88 ascends into the stratopause...and then waits for an enemy RADAR to appear. Not sure about details there, maybe it could perform the final approach as a glide bomb? $\endgroup$ – Klaws Jun 14 '17 at 14:36
A pilot cannot make a plane invisible to radar by switching off the transponder.
The transponder simply makes the plane easier to see and transmits a code. ATC sees aircraft with transponders as bright dots with a code next to them. They see unidentified objects as a dull dot with no code. Uncoded aircraft are a great concern to controllers because they do not know what it is. It could be a flock of birds, a foreign military aircraft, a balloon, a glider, a puff of dust, etc. Gliders are spooky because they have no transponders, but can go in excess of 100 MPH and fly at high altitudes, just like powered aircraft.
Normally, ATC can recognize an aircraft because they move fast in a straight line. If a controllers sees a dot moving 600 MPH in a straight line at 30,000 feet, there is little question what it is. To hide from radar a plane has to go slow at low altitude, but even the best sneak will usually show up on radar sooner or later, so in practice it is hard to stay hidden forever, especially for a fast mover like a military jet.
Sometimes, aircraft accidentally leave their transponder off, or in rare cases it stops working (usually due to a disconnected power line). In these cases the controller will call out on the radio for the aircraft to identify itself.
ATC: Aircraft 5 miles west of Fitchburg YOUR TRANSPONDER APPEARS TO BE MALFUNCTIONING. Please sqawk one two zero zero and ident.
Tyler DurdenTyler Durden
$\begingroup$ Incorrect. It should read: "a pilot CAN make a plane invisible to ATC by switching of the transponder" $\endgroup$ – pcfreakxx Feb 2 '20 at 11:47
$\begingroup$ @pcfreakxx - A pilot can not make a non-stealth-technology plane in normal flight invisible by switching off its transponder. It would just become unidentifiable. By flying too low, too slow, and/or too close to another aircraft, you can hide the aircraft's radar return. $\endgroup$ – Dean F. Feb 2 '20 at 14:35
$\begingroup$ @Dean F. I am an ATCO myself and if aircraft loose there transponder they will disappear completely from the SDD after 3 coasted plots (~15,3 secs). Of course primary radar would still detect the aircraft, however the question was not if the acft would be invisible to radar but to ATC! $\endgroup$ – pcfreakxx Feb 2 '20 at 14:38
$\begingroup$ @pcfreakxx - Thank you for your expert insight. Since this is a military aircraft, presumably, taking off from a military facility, would the same apply? Or, are the military controllers monitoring primary returns as closely during peace time as they would during a major conflict? I would think the area involved would play a role in this as well. Say for instance, what is the protocol in the DC FRZ or any other SFRA or ADIZ? Thanks again. Your input is appreciated. $\endgroup$ – Dean F. Feb 2 '20 at 15:49
The aircraft specified is a military Eurofighter Typhoon. The IFF transponder in the Typhoon might be different, but in all military IFF systems I know of, the military modes are not changeable from the cockpit. While it would be possible to change the Mode 3 responses, that would create a conflict with the Mode 1 and 2 responses. Again, I'm not familiar enough with civilian versions to be sure, but it would seem that such a conflict would cause the transponder responses to be marked as invalid, and the aircraft as unidentified. As someone else noted, this would not stop the aircraft from being seen by RADAR, but would merely fail to identify it, generating radio queries by ATC.
Grady PattersonGrady Patterson
If you want to be accurate in your story, you need to research the specific area in which the aircraft will be flying. Specifically, what types of radar are used in that area.
In general a pilot can not make a plane in normal flight invisible by switching off its transponder. It would just become unidentifiable. By flying too low, too slow, and/or too close to another aircraft, you can hide the aircraft's radar return. This has already been mentioned by other posters. Anecdotally, a Cessna taking off from an Class D airfield with a 600 foot MSL elevation would not normally be picked up by radar at the Class B airfield 30 miles away for flight following until reaching 1000 feet MSL.
There are stories of Vietnam era pilots using the low, slow, and close methods in conjunction with their knowledge of the specific radar systems used by the enemy to temporarily evade detection. These techniques included flying arcs around Doppler radars while flying directly at other types of radar. This was done while flying low and slow. At the same time, another airplane would be flying more conspicuously, drawing the attention of the radar operator.
Your character's best bet would be to copy the ADS-b and squawk codes of another aircraft that is expected by ATC. Then, make sure that aircraft does not use those codes. Or, that the other aircraft never takes off. It would be like switching the license plates on a car. Especially if you switch them for a car of the same make, model, and color.
Or, you could switch off your lights, transponder and ADS-b. Then fly extremely close to another airplane that has all of the above operational. You would need to stay above and behind a high-wing aircraft, and below and behind a low-wing aircraft.
Dean F.Dean F.
Radar, which is an acronym for Radio Azimuth Direction And Ranging- is the main instrument for picking up reflections of radio pulses sent by a transmitter antenna, picked up by a receiver antenna. Basically, it is like hearing, seeing, but in an electronic way- building a situational awareness around you with the help of radio beams coming back to you from the objects that can reflect it. For the sake of the discussion- ATC and civilian radar operators in the contemporary world- rarely use primary radar but usually count on the various secondary radar systems- meaning a transmission by the aircraft, giving it it's altitude, squawk (id) and various other attributes, depending on the system. If you switch it off- it will be hard for the radar to find you.
Thus we switch back to the primary Radar- transmitting and getting back radio reflections. Here- the picture/blip received on the radar screen depends on various factors:
Geometry of the aircraft- see stealth planes like F22- built to break and not return rays.
Material of the skin of the aircraft- F22/B2/F35-all made of absorbing materials- for further radio signals not returning to the transmitter.
Electronic warfare- different techniques used by the planes to "jam" and interfere with radar systems.
After all that- basically you would need to have a line of sight with the aircraft in order to know it is there. So hiding behind hills/mountains/inside valleys is a good practice.
So the answer is yes- an aircraft can avoid being detected by Radar systems. I strongly encourage you to look up some of the stuff listed above to get a better idea about the factors that define an aircrafts discoverability.
StanStan
Where is the airspace not covered by primary Radar?
Is "secondary radar" a misnomer?
What parts of Austrian airspace are not covered by primary radars?
What does it mean when the controller uses the word "request"?
Why don't combat aircraft have rear-facing weapons?
How can a military combat pilot indicate surrender?
Can a pilot take off at his own discretion?
Are there certain areas where a pilot can jettison his/her external fuel tanks?
What happens if I cross the ADIZ line without a flight plan and no clearance or contact with ATC?
Do pilots need a clearance to go around?
Who was the US military pilot who crashed his plane and was accused of selling it to the Russians?
Why do (or did, until very recently) aircraft transponders wait to be interrogated before broadcasting beacon signals?


text:
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text:
Antocha (Antocha) nebulipennis nebulipennis is een ondersoort van de tweevleugelige Antocha (Antocha) nebulipennis uit de familie steltmuggen (Limoniidae). De ondersoort komt voor in het Palearctisch en Oriëntaals gebied.

Antocha
Steltmug uit het Palearctisch gebied
Steltmug uit het Oriëntaals gebied


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President Trump speaks during an announcement on immigration reform in the Roosevelt Room of the White House in Washington, D.C.
California appeals court lets Trump travel ban go partially into effect
Posted: Monday 11.13.2017 4:08 pm The Arab American News U.S. Politics
WASHINGTON — A U.S. appeals court in California on Monday let President Trump's latest travel ban go partially into effect, ruling the government can bar entry of people from six Muslim-majority countries with no connections to the United States.
A three-judge panel of the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals partially granted a Trump administration request to block at least temporarily a judge's ruling that had put the new ban on hold. Trump's ban was announced on Sept. 24 and replaced two previous versions that had been impeded by federal courts.
The action means the ban will apply to people from Iran, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Somalia and Chad who do not have connections to the United States.
Those connections are defined as family relationships and "formal, documented" relationships with U.S.-based entities such as universities and resettlement agencies. Those with family relationships that would allow entry include grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins of people in the United States.
The ruling does not affect people from the two other countries listed in Trump's ban, North Korea and Venezuela.
The state of Hawaii, which sued to block the restrictions, argued that federal immigration law did not give Trump the authority to impose them on six of those countries. U.S. District Judge Derrick Watson in Honolulu ruled last month that Hawaii was likely to succeed with that argument.
Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said the court's decision tracked what the Supreme Court said in June when it partially revived Trump's second travel ban, which has now expired.
"I'm pleased that family ties to the U.S., including grandparents, will be respected," Chin added.
Trump issued his first travel ban targeting several Muslim-majority countries in January, just a week after he took office, and then issued a revised one after the first was blocked by the courts. The second one expired in September after a long court fight and was replaced with another revised version.
Trump has said the travel ban is needed to protect the United States from terrorism by Muslim militants. As a candidate, Trump had promised "a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States."
Critics of the travel ban in its various iterations call it a "Muslim ban" that violates the U.S. Constitution by discriminating on the basis of religion.
The 9th Circuit is due to hear oral arguments in the case on Dec. 6. In a parallel case from Maryland, a judge also ruled against the Trump administration and partially blocked the ban from going into effect.
An appeal in the Maryland case is being heard on Dec. 8 by the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Virginia. The Maryland case was brought by the American Civil Liberties Union, which represents several advocacy groups, including the International Refugee Assistance Project.
In announcing the newest travel restrictions, the White House had portrayed them as necessary consequences for countries that did not meet new requirements for vetting of immigrants and issuing of visas. Those requirements were shared in July with foreign governments, which had 50 days to make improvements if needed, the White House said.
A number of countries made improvements by enhancing the security of travel documents or the reporting of passports that were lost or stolen, the administration has said. Others did not, sparking the restrictions.
-Reuters
9th circuit court
muslim majority countries
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text:
Car of the Month – May, 2020
1965 Ford Mustang K-Code Convertible
Engine – 289 CID overhead valve
Horsepower – 271 hp @ 6000 rpm and 312ft-lbs of torque @ 3400 rpm
0-60 time – 5.9 seconds
¼ mile time – 14.5 seconds
Number built – 3500 (1965)
Top Speed – 117mph
MSRP price – $3,163.00
The Ford Mustang was debuted as a 1964 ½ model with much fanfare at the 1964 New York City World's Fair and simultaneously at showrooms across America where almost 22,000 of them were immediately snapped up by buyers. The 1965 K-Code Mustang Convertible was a very special and rare car in the Mustang lineup.
Each 1965 K-Code Mustang had a special badge on its front fender that read "HIGH PERFORMANCE 289". No doubt about it, the 1965 K-Code Mustang was all performance. They were not available with air conditioning, power steering or automatic transmission. All K-Code Mustangs had only four-speed manuals. The car also came with a shorter warranty than the typical 65 Mustang. K-Code cars had only a three-month or 4,000-mile warranty instead of the standard 12-month or 12,000-mile warranty.
The K-Code Mustang engine also differed from the standard Mustang 289. The engine featured upgraded pistons, cylinder heads, carburetor, lifters, heads and connecting rods as well as a high-performance clutch, drive shaft, rear differential, and suspension. Carroll Shelby even put this engine in his Shelby GT350 Mustangs. In fact, the first Shelby Mustang, the Shelby GT350R– of which only 34 were built and one (number 31) is here in the Newport Car Museum – featured a modified K-Code engine. It was rumored the1965 K-Code Mustang Convertible was really a Shelby GT350 convertible without the Shelby badging.
Approximately 1.7 million Mustangs were produced in the car's first three years of existence, and less than 1% of those were equipped with K-Code engines. In total, only 13,214 K-Code Mustangs were ever produced; there is no specific breakdown by body style, but the number of K-Code convertibles produced is widely agreed to be staggeringly low.


text:
Q: python reading string and converting to float I am reading from a text file  and parsing through the line with the following line of code,
with open(srcfile) as src:
  for i, line in enumerate(src):
    word = line.split('\t')

And then i am trying to chance word[0] to float which word[0] appears in text file as 1345.  but i am getting can't convert string to float error message.  when i print word[0], it's printing as ' 1 3 4 5 '.  anyone knows why it's doing this? and how to fix it so i can change it to float?  i have tried the following and it didn't work:
x=word[0].strip(' \t\n\r')
x=word[0].replace(' ','')

the text file is formated as
1345 O::2.16.840.1.111234.3.13.30.1.1.11,VENDOR::Stbks,TYPE::YYY    1   2204    1


I'm Lisa Hanna. I enjoy building relationships with patients and working together to overcome dental problems. I am most interested in preventative dentistry. Outside of dentistry I enjoy travelling. I also like to spend time with friends and family.
All our dentists adhere to the guide lines governing the profession which can be viewed on the GDC website.


Nambiar: Shopper is the ideal retail venue for a fourth quarter sales boost.
Jumbo Electronics will appear at this year's GITEX Shopper with one objective on its mind: to boost its sales of PC and electronics equipment.
"We're going to GITEX Shopper this year because it is a great retail venue targeting gadget enthusiasts and those that are predominantly IT focused," says JP Nambiar, Head of Retail at Jumbo Electronics. "While we stock a wide range of products at our retail stores, we will be focusing specifically on IT and consumer electronics at the exhibition. We're looking to boost our sales with this appearance," he adds.
Jumbo Electronics has a network of 29 retail stores and nine service centres across the UAE. The company has been operating in the country for over 30 years.
GITEX Shopper remains an important event in the company's calendar and Nambiar is adamant it remains the best venue for his company, as well as for customers. "GITEX Shopper is a great platform for customers who are after exclusive deals and bundled offers. There are almost always instant rewards and, of course, healthy competition," explains Nambiar.
Dubai is Jumbo's biggest market in the UAE and the company claims it is one of the largest distributors of Sony's products in the world, having enjoyed a long and successful association with the vendor in the Middle East. While the company boasts a solid footing in the market, changes to the channel landscape means it currently views mass merchandisers and small dealers as its main competition.


text:
LATIN-AMERICA
About Ediciones El Viso
Ediciones El Viso > Jean Malaurie. Crépuscules arctiques, Pastels
Jean Malaurie is one of the greatest explorers, the first Frenchman to reach the North Geomagnetic Pole, on May 29, 1951, on a dogsled. He revealed to the world the Inuit, with whom he lived for many months. But he is also a great scientist, director of studies at the Graduate School of Social Sciences, an ethnologist, anthropologist, editor, and famous collector. Human Earth is him, and he can be proud to have "launched" Claude Lévi-Strauss with Tropic Tristes. Today, at the age of 98, in a dazzling figure, Jean Malaurie is accumulating titles of glory. The truth is that he doesn't care. Jean Malaurie has only one idea in mind, to resist, as is the rebel at heart who always has. Resisting the establishment of a secret American military base in the heart of Greenland in 1951, fighting for the first peoples and minorities of the Arctic, his great mission and the passion of his life.
Edition by:
50 color illustrations
Paper on board binding
Paris, Éditions El Viso, 2020
Reference: 978-84-120107-4-9
Sorolla femenino plural
The Cathedral of Seville
Art & Empire. The Golden Age of Spain
Ocupados pero protegidos. Bélgica y el...


text:
Q: SIGILL Stack overflow From https://www.allegro.cc/forums/thread/617807
If I don't call abort on line 44, my program crashes with SIGILL.
Why doesn't it exit cleanly? I put the value of the frame pointer back where it was but the stack is still corrupt. I suspect there is an extra frame on the stack from calling into i_never_called_this_code that I didn't account for.
This is a personal exercise so I can learn about the stack.
Note: Run the code at your own risk.
Bugsquasher
EDIT
As per the comment, here is the code.
#warning RUN @ YOUR OWN RISK NEWBIE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef void (*VOIDFUNC)();
typedef VOIDFUNC* VOIDFUNCPTR;
static VOIDFUNC old_data = (VOIDFUNC)0;
static VOIDFUNCPTR return_address = (VOIDFUNCPTR)0;
static VOIDFUNCPTR stack_address = (VOIDFUNCPTR)0;
void put_it_back() {
   if (return_address) {
      /// Put back the previous value
      fprintf(stderr , "Returning data {%p} to %p\n" , old_data , return_address);
      *return_address = old_data;
   }
}
void i_never_called_this_code() {
   fprintf(stderr , "\n\nArbitrary code execution... oops!\n\n");
   /// Attempt to repair the damage, so it goes back to the 'CORRECT' frame
   put_it_back();
   stack_address = return_address;
   fprintf(stderr , "***Stack Address is %p ***\n" , stack_address);
   /// We better abort before shit gets crazy
   //   abort();
   /// haha just kidding
   /// No really
   //   abort();
   /// you really want to know what happens, don't you?
   /// Ahem abort();
}
void break_the_stack(char* stackptr) {
   /// Store the old data (ie, return address we're SUPPOSED to be going to
   old_data = *(VOIDFUNCPTR)(stackptr);
   return_address = (VOIDFUNCPTR)stackptr;
   fprintf(stderr , "Reading data {%p} at %p\n" , old_data , return_address);
   /// Smash the stackptr,
   /// When we find the return address stored on the stack, we replace it with our function address
   /// that's where it will go next
   /// Basicallly, we're calling our code without calling it
   /// Once that's done, 411 UR B4535 B310NG 2 US
   *(VOIDFUNCPTR)(stackptr) = i_never_called_this_code;
}
int main(int argc , char** argv) {
   char* stack = (char*)&stack;
   (void)argc;
   (void)argv;
   while (1) {
      stack -= sizeof(unsigned int);
      fprintf(stdout , "0x%lx\n" , (unsigned long int)stack);
      break_the_stack(stack);
      put_it_back();
      if (stack_address) {/// == (VOIDFUNCPTR)stack)
         break;
      } else {
         /// Cleanliness is next to godliness
         ///         *return_address = old_data;
      }
   }
   fprintf(stderr , "What just happened?\n");
   return 0;
}


The HTC One has been good for the Taiwanese company, but it looks like they want to make a splash in the Chinese market with a bigger, faster model: the HTC One Max. We've heard rumors on this before, but it looks like these rumors are now turning into facts.
The HTC One Max includes a 5.9-inch screen, and a Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 quad-core processor clocked at 2.3GHz, a removable back cover, dual-SIM version, and an SD card slot for expandable storage. There's no word on whether this bigger, faster smartphone will reach the western market, but if it's popular enough I don't see why they wouldn't.


The 2016 presidential candidates, especially the democrats, are vocal on changes to college affordability. But, this Ed Week post talks about how little attention K-12 reform is getting on the 2016 presidential campaign trail. Part of the assumed reasoning behind the lack of conversation is because ESSA was just passed to replace NCLB, probably the most controversial education policy law in recent memory. One can argue that the fed is taking a lighter hand in ed reform because, traditionally, education reform is a state issue.
I appreciate Hillary's comment on charter schools and it makes sense why John Kasich is quiet about his mess in Ohio. But I wish candidates spoke on the subject simply because they care, and not because they'll lose political points or because it won't heavily effect their campaign or time in office. Ed policy, especially ed policy that affects the early ages, is an American issue that each potential leader should be well versed and opinionated about.


You'll certainly get a lot of attention with this nail art from the American company Nail Pop. There's no guarantee that it'll be positive attention though. Move over punk safety pins and mohawks – it's time to really make a hard-core fist with these illustrations of tampons and sanitary towels on your nails. In full colour. Possibly combined with a French manicure.
This is how you do it: cut the nail art illustrations to size. Apply a base coat in any colour you want. Soak the illustrations in water for about 10 seconds, take them off the sheet and stick them to your nails. Apply two layers of see-through nail polish to finish.
The I'm On My Period nail art costs $10 and can be ordered via nailpopllc.com. One set consists of 62 pieces, so more than enough for 6 manicures.


text:
DUI Charges for Off-Duty Miami-Dade Police Officer Who Struck Grocery Cart With 2 Kids Inside
A Miami-Dade Police Officer is facing DUI charges after he knocked over a shopping cart containing two children in a parking lot while off-duty, officials said
Published at 11:22 am on April 9, 2014
A Miami-Dade Police Officer is facing DUI charges after he knocked over a shopping cart containing two children in a parking lot while off-duty, officials said.
Ryan Robinson, 41, was arrested on charges of DUI, DUI property damage and DUI causing serious bodily injury in the incident that happened Saturday night at the Publix parking lot at 20425 Old Cutler Road, according to a Miami-Dade Police news release.
Robinson, who was off-duty and driving his 1997 GMC truck, was first involved in a traffic crash causing property damage, the release said. As he tried to leave the scene, he struck the grocery cart with the two children inside, the release said.
The impact caused the cart to fall on its side and the children to fall into the roadway, the release said.
Mother Left Children Home Alone to Go to Casino: Officials
The children, identified as 3-year-old Geah Garcia and 6-year-old Meah Garcia, suffered facial injuries, the release said.
"He looks at me and he takes off and when he takes off he flips the shopping cart and both of my daughters fly out," father Manny Garcia said.
Miami-Dade Police responded to the scene, where Robinson appeared to exhibit signs and symptoms of impairment, police said. He was taken into custody at the scene.
Garcia said he shot video of police officers giving the police officer sobriety tests.
"They had him there for like three to three and a half hours sittingt here without doing the test for the DUI or anything like that," Garcia said. "They walked him into Publix like three or four times to use the bathroom."
While the girls are home recovering, Robinson is also home, suspended from his job and facing four DUI-related charges.


8 oz (225 g) mixed vegetables, e.g. carrots, peas, beans etc.
Peel or prepare all the vegetables, cutting the root vegetables into small cubes.
Put the vegetables into water and bring to the boil, simmer for 10 minutes, then drain well and season.
Divide the pastry into four pieces and roll each piece into a circle about 20 cm (8 in) across. Divide the vegetables between the pastry rounds, dampen the edges and draw the edges of the pastry together to form a seam across the top; pinch the edges together with your ringers to give a fluted edge.
Place on a baking tray and cook at the top of the oven for 15 minutes at 200°C, 400°F, mark 6, then reduce the heat to 180°C, 350°F, mark 4 and bake for a further 45 minutes.
Depending how you make the pastry, this recipe is suitable for vegetarians.


It's... A Piece of Cake... and oh so cute!
Welcome to this month's consultant Blog Hop featuring "A Piece of Cake" - the February 2010 Stamp of the Month... one of my favorite sets in the Spring Idea Book!
My photos are somewhat darker but it was the best way to show the dimesion of the icing on my cupcakes... more flash just blended it all in and made it look "flat"
Topstitch Level 2 Paper pack; Piece of Cake stamp set, Chocolate stamp pad; Chocolate, Blush and Crystal Blue markers; Colonial White Ribbon Rounds; Liquid Applique; liquid glass and prisma glitter!
The liquid applique goes on like you are writing with a pen. If you heat it up it makes it look "fluffy" but if you don't heat it- it is shiny... so no heating on this card! The liquid glass was added to my cherries to make them look shiny. Prisma glitter was sprinkled over while the applique and liquid glass were both still wet.
The cupcake image was also stamped on scrap paper and the cake plate cut out. I colored the cut out cake plate and adhered it over the image panel for a little more 3-d effect. The second photo shows the icing up close... really close! lol.
Now- Hop on over to Kami Welters blog to continue on the hop... If you get lost along the way visit Jena's blog- she will have the whole list of hoppers posted either with today's post or yesterdays.
Love the 3-D look of your cupcakes!!!
The liquid applique is a great finishing touch to the cupcakes.
Ooooo - frosted cupcakes - yummy & scrumptious!
Oh so cute! I've got to start using Liquid Applique one of these days.
Very cute - love the applique!
Love the Liquid Applique & glitter!
Love the liquid applique and glitter!
love the 3-D idea! I have never attempted using the liquid applique I bought several years ago!
The liquid applique adds the perfect touch!! Cute!


... finishing the sea kayaking skills with the whole group swimming their kayaks across the tide between Kitterland and the mainland, with seals swimming around us!
With coaching ratios staying below 1:2 for the morning, and 1:1 instructor to student ratio for the Intermediate session, the learning curve is highly visible. A tremendous effort by everyone!
Welcome to our new members of the Adventure Club, who joined us in the last few weeks, and to those who will be joining us shortly. We have just uploaded the outlines of exclusive holidays and trips on offer to Adventure Club members in 2010!
Sessions running in plenty as the sea water is now at its warmest!
A few pics from the group on Saturday - using the rocky coastline around Peel Castle, on the West Coast of the Isle of Man, one of our most popular routes!
We will also be running Gorge Scrambling next Saturday, as well as our more family orientated exploratory Coasteering route - check the website Calendar for adventures we have scheduled, or contact us to arrange your own small or large group!
Seals in the Sound were amusing the paddlers (waiting in the eddies for their turn at breaking-into the water flow, or running the wave train) with upside-down cruising, nibbling the toggles and paddles and general adorable antics!
"Thanks for all the flapjacks, hot choc and snacks - and a terrific day on in the water!"
We chose Niarbl Bay to put in for today's beginners Sea Kayak Trip and also the group Evening Paddle.
The Adventure Club Intermediate group headed out to Chickens rock!
Whereas the Improvers training group sunbathed in the Calf Sound, surrounded by Seals.
The stag party had an adventurous session of Coasteering off Peel, and the young girls had their own adventure too!
for staff and the evening Birthday group!
look our these on the calendar!
Coasteering Isle of Man - whatever the weather!


text:
Infertility News
MELBOURNE, Australia — An Australian landowner and two companies have been hit with hundreds of animal cruelty charges after a land-clearing operation last year led to the deaths of 70 koalas, an episode that one lawmaker described as a "massacre."
The authorities discovered dozens of dead, injured or starving koalas on private property in Cape Bridgewater in southwest Victoria in February of last year, after the landowner and a forest and earth-moving business cleared their habitat, the state's conservation regulator said in a statement on Wednesday.
The operation wreaked havoc on more than 200 koalas, causing "unreasonable pain or suffering to dozens," the regulator said.
Animal activists said that trees had been bulldozed with the koalas still in them.
"Some were killed instantly, their bodies found trapped under heavy branches or strewn amongst piles of felled trees," according to the conservation group Animals Australia, which sent veterinarians to the scene. "Some suffered traumatic injuries and broken bones. Some were orphaned, and others were found huddled together in the few remaining trees left on the property."
The authorities found 21 dead koalas on the site, and an additional 49 that were found starving, dehydrated or suffering from fractures had to be euthanized. Seventy more koalas were treated for injuries, and 120 others were released back into the wild.
The deaths prompted national outrage when they were first reported by a resident on social media, and the Victoria state government vowed that those responsible would be punished.
The property owner and business were charged with more than 250 animal cruelty offenses, including 36 counts of aggravated cruelty charges for causing fatal injuries. Another contracting company was charged with a cruelty offense. The authorities did not identify the landowner or the businesses.
The case is scheduled to be heard in court in February. The maximum penalty for one charge of aggravated animal cruelty leading to death is $157,000 for a business and $65,500 or two years' imprisonment for an individual.
Andy Meddick, a Victoria state lawmaker who is a member of the Animal Justice Party, said he was "relieved" that "hundreds of charges were laid for the Cape Bridgewater koala massacre." He added, "I visited the site myself and saw the aftermath, and it was one of the worst things I've experienced."
Koalas are a protected species in Australia, and the marsupials are listed as vulnerable in the states of New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory. Their numbers were severely affected by the catastrophic 2019 fires that burned millions of acres in the country. Many were rescued, singed and dehydrated, from the wild.
While koalas have evolved to adapt to wildfires, the animals are facing new threats from climate change and human development, which have dislocated local populations, impairing their ability to survive fires. In some regions, scientists say, koalas' numbers have declined by up to 80 percent, though it is difficult to know how many remain across Australia.
They are also susceptible to chlamydia, which can lead to infertility and death. Some surveys of koala populations in Queensland have suggested that at least half of wild koalas are infected with the disease.
This shared susceptibility with humans has led some scientists to argue that studying, and saving, koalas may be the key to developing a chlamydia vaccine for humans.
Last year, the Australian government began an effort to count the population of the native marsupials and record where they live — a daunting operation, since koalas are not easy to spot in the wild. When the marsupials are high up in trees, staying still and obscured by canopy, they're easy to miss with the naked eye. So the government deployed heat-seeking drones, acoustic surveys and detector dogs.
Tags: Australia, charges, Files, hundreds, Koala, LandClearing, Massacre, Operation
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