text:
Q: How to fix the issue: Parameter 0 of constructor in LoginController required a bean of type 'OktaOAuth2Properties' that could not be found I've followed tutorial to add social login to Spring Boot app using Java 11. The issue I've encountered was:
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Parameter 0 of constructor in com.okta.spring.example.controllers.LoginController required a bean of type 'com.okta.spring.boot.oauth.config.OktaOAuth2Properties' that could not be found.

Action:

Consider defining a bean of type 'com.okta.spring.boot.oauth.config.OktaOAuth2Properties' in your configuration.

Project structure was:
src
   |-- main
   |   |-- java
   |   |   |-- com
   |   |   |   |-- okta
   |   |   |   |   |-- spring
   |   |   |   |   |   |-- example
   |   |   |   |   |   |   |-- HostedLoginCodeFlowExampleApplication.java
   |   |   |   |   |   |   |-- controllers
   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |-- HomeController.java
   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |-- LoginController.java
   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |-- UserDetailsController.java
   |   |-- resources
   |   |   |-- application.template.yml
   |   |   |-- static
   |   |   |   |-- img
   |   |   |   |   |-- icon-spring-cloud.svg
   |   |   |-- templates
   |   |   |   |-- 403.html
   |   |   |   |-- head.html
   |   |   |   |-- home.html
   |   |   |   |-- login.html
   |   |   |   |-- menu.html
   |   |   |   |-- userProfile.html
   |-- test
   |   |-- resources
   |   |   |-- logback.xml
   |   |   |-- package.json
   |   |   |-- testRunner.yml

LoginController was like:
@Controller
public class LoginController {

    private static final String STATE = "state";
    private static final String NONCE = "nonce";
    private static final String SCOPES = "scopes";
    private static final String OKTA_BASE_URL = "oktaBaseUrl";
    private static final String OKTA_CLIENT_ID = "oktaClientId";
    private static final String REDIRECT_URI = "redirectUri";
    private static final String ISSUER_URI = "issuerUri";

    private final OktaOAuth2Properties oktaOAuth2Properties;

    public LoginController(OktaOAuth2Properties oktaOAuth2Properties) {
        this.oktaOAuth2Properties = oktaOAuth2Properties;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/signin")
    public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest request,
                              @RequestParam(name = "state", required = false) String state,
                              @RequestParam(name = "nonce") String nonce) throws MalformedURLException {

        // if we don't have the state parameter redirect
        if (state == null) {
            return new ModelAndView("redirect:" + oktaOAuth2Properties.getRedirectUri());
        }

        String issuer = oktaOAuth2Properties.getIssuer();
        // the widget needs the base url, just grab the root of the issuer
        String orgUrl = new URL(new URL(issuer), "/").toString();

        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("login");
        mav.addObject(STATE, state);
        mav.addObject(NONCE, nonce);
        mav.addObject(SCOPES, oktaOAuth2Properties.getScopes());
        mav.addObject(OKTA_BASE_URL, orgUrl);
        mav.addObject(OKTA_CLIENT_ID, oktaOAuth2Properties.getClientId());
        // from ClientRegistration.redirectUriTemplate, if the template is change you must update this
        mav.addObject(REDIRECT_URI,
            request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() +
            request.getContextPath() + "/authorization-code/callback"
        );
        mav.addObject(ISSUER_URI, issuer);

        return mav;
    }

    @GetMapping("/post-logout")
    public String logout() {
        return "logout";
    }

    @GetMapping("/403")
    public String error403() {
        return "403";
    }
}

The problem was how to fix it if all files were configured according to every step.
I've checked different answers from:

*

*Consider defining a bean of type 'package' in your configuration

*Parameter 0 of constructor in … Spring Boot

*Parameter 0 of constructor in required a bean of type 'java.lang.String' that could not be found
but none of them helped me.

A: The problem was in file naming. When I changed the name of yml:
application.yml instead of application.template.yml
the issue was gone.


LONDON, U.K. – February 11, 2009 – TripAdvisor®, the world's largest travel community, today announced its new and improved restaurant product featuring reviews, maps, filters and easy links to reservations. With a survey of more than 700 TripAdvisor travellers revealing that 45% of Britons have eaten out an average of three times over the past month, TripAdvisor's new restaurant tools offer travellers the means to easily find, book and locate outstanding dining options.
This enhanced restaurant functionality is part of a series of new features being rolled out on tripadvisor.co.uk in the coming weeks to help people find the best product at the best price.
Since the beginning of the year, more than five million travellers have already accessed restaurant information on TripAdvisor.
According to TripAdvisor's survey, Italian is the nation's top choice when dining out, favoured by 25% of Britons. A further 19% of diners say their favorite cuisine is Indian, 14% love traditional British fare and 10% choose Chinese.
With a few simple clicks, travellers can easily make a reservation in the U.K. from next month, by directly linking to www.toptable.co.uk, a leading online reservation site for diners, or to OpenTable.com in the U.S., a leading provider of free, real-time online restaurant reservations. More than 10,000 restaurants in the U.S. and Europe will be bookable on TripAdvisor this month.
To make finding the location of an upcoming gastronomic adventure easy, TripAdvisor offers dynamic maps showing where restaurants are located and links to get directions.
To make locating the perfect restaurant easy while on the go, iPhone users can download TripAdvisor's Local Picks™ restaurant finder. Taking advantage of the iPhone's location-based capabilities, the Local Picks application helps travellers find the best restaurants, as rated by locals, based on their current location. For budget travellers, the application allows restaurants to be sorted by price.
Local Picks is available free at www.itunes.com/appstore/.
Seeking to capture and provide more robust and relevant restaurant information, TripAdvisor tapped into the knowledge and wisdom of millions of people that love to share and exchange information on Facebook by launching its Local Picks restaurant reviews and ratings application on Facebook in the autumn of 2007. Launching this viral application that easily enables the sharing of culinary opinions among friends, TripAdvisor grew its restaurant offering from less than 100,000 establishments to nearly 500,000 in four months. These insights, now also available on tripadvisor.com, are helping millions of travellers plan and have the perfect trip.


Are you interested in running for a City of Sheboygan Alderperson office?
The City Council meeting scheduled for Monday, December 4, 2017 at 6:00 p.m. will be held in the Sheboygan County Courthouse, 615 North 6th Street in the County Board Chambers on the south side of the fifth floor. The handicapped entrance is located on the west side of the building and can be accessed via 6th Street to New York Avenue. This change was necessary because the elevator at City Hall is closed for repairs and waiting for delivery of a back ordered replacement part.
The City of Sheboygan is working with several community groups that have Christmas projects for the benefit of the community.
On November 20, the City of Sheboygan received a certificate of membership into the AARP/World Health organization's network of communities working towards becoming an Age Friendly Community. Sam Wilson, Director of AARP Wisconsin, presented the certificate to the Mayor at the city council meeting.
Due to the lack of declaring snow emergencies, Mayor Vandersteen has asked the Department of Public Works to review the current Snow Emergency Ordinance. The Mayor believes that if the current ordinance is not needed then it should be updated or eliminated.
Reprinted with permission from Roberta Filicky-Peneski, Chair of the Sehboygan Redevelopment Authority.
Thoughts of lit candles conjure up idyllic and wonderful scenes. While candles are a beautiful addition to holiday decor, if not used properly, they can be deadly. That's why the Sheboygan Fire Department is reminding you of the need for care and caution with your candles.
Sheboygan County schools and parks currently have no fully accessible ADA playgrounds. The mission of this project is to remove every barrier possible to allow each and every child the opportunity to experience unorganized, imaginative play alongside their peers on a safe and accessible playground. For many children, so often left out on the sidelines, this will be their first experience at inclusive play and unrestrained FUN!
Ryan and Angie Shaw became parents to conjoined twins when Angie gave birth to Mateo and McHale in 2006. In September of that year, a team of 65 medical professionals spent 19 hours separating the spinal cord the boys shared. Knowing the challenges their children would encounter inspired the Shaws to build a universally designed playground, so they went into action in 2008. Now the boys are healthy, in school and have friends they want to share a playground and park with. Construction will begin in the Spring of 2018 on the southeast corner of Evergreen Park in Sheboygan.
You're invited to Mead Public Library's special holiday-themed Late @ the Library: Jolly Folly Day after-hours party featuring arts, crafts, DIY Festivus poles and more.
Holiday sweaters are encouraged. The uglier the better. For adults only. Event is slated for 6-8 p.m., Friday, December 8.
Join Mead Public Library staff at 3 Sheeps Brewing Co. for a free author talk with Matthew Janzen , who will discuss his book, "State of Craft Beer," which documents the community impact of Wisconsin's craft beer industry.
The talk is slated for 6-7 p.m., Monday, December 4 at the 3 Sheeps Brewing Taproom, 1837 North Avenue, Sheboygan.
Sponsored by Mead Public Library and 3 Sheeps Brewing Co.


text:
Clifford Stearns Congressional papers
Identifier: MS1007-UA
Abstract The Hon. Clifford B. "Cliff" Stearns is a GWU alumnus and Air Force veteran who represented Florida's 6th district in Congress for almost a quarter century. A self-styled "Citizen Congressman," he strongly advocated for financial restraint and conservative values. This proved to be a powerful message that resonated with voters during the 1990's when the GOP reclaimed the majority in the House of Representatives. While his committee work lies at the core of this collection, the papers...
Frank B. Swayze phonograph collection
This collection contains twenty phonograph records of the Far East Network of the Armed Forces Radio and Television Service. The material dates from circa 1962 to circa 1967. The records are transcription discs of news programs, including Capitol Cloakroom, From the Capitol, Face the Nation, Issues and Answers, and Meet the Press.
Dates: circa 1962 - circa 1967; Majority of material found within 1962 - 1967
Jack Anderson papers
Abstract Jack Northman Anderson (1922-2005) was an investigative journalist, author, television personality, and for over 50 years the columnist behind the syndicated political column "Washington Merry-Go-Round." Cultivating sources who provided him with exclusive access to classified information, Anderson became the longest-running political columnist in America, appearing at one point in more than 1,000 American newspapers and claiming 40 million readers. He received the Pulitzer Prize for national...
Larry LeSueur papers
Abstract Laurence Edward "Larry" LeSueur was a Peabody-award winning radio correspondent best known as one of "Murrow's Boys," a band of international correspondents assembled in Europe before and during World War II by Edward R. Murrow for CBS. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, LeSueur was one of the first journalists to land at Normandy and report back news of the battle to Americans at home. This collection contains typewritten scripts, correspondence, articles, journals, audiocassettes and audio reels, and...
Richard C. Hottelet papers
This collection contains transcripts of radio and television broadcasts, personal notes, correspondence, reporters notebooks, and clippings pertaining to the work of Richard C. Hottelet from 1947-2004.
WRGW records
Identifier: RG0153
WRGW is the student-run radio station of George Washington University. This collection is a single box of material from the WRGW radio station at GWU. It includes 75th Anniversary material, newspaper clippings, WRGW operating procedures, evaluations of student audtions for DJ, and four reel to reel audio tapes. The materials range in date from 1965-2005.
Subject: Radio broadcasting -- United States X
George Washington University -- Students 2
Politicians 2
Politics and culture -- United States -- 20th century 2
Washington (D.C.) 2
Alumni & alumnae 1
Banks and banking -- United States 1
Electrical engineers 1
Health policy 1
International Communications Satellite Organization 1
Nursing homes 1
Presidents Inauguration 1
Anderson, Jack 1
Hottelet, Richard C. 1
Lesueur, Amy 1
Lesueur, Laurence Edward 1
Murrow, Edward R. 1
Stearns, Clifford B. , Hon. 1
Swayze, Frank B. 1
United States. Armed Forces Radio and Television Service 1
WRGW (Radio Station : Washington, D.C.) 1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Connor Brosnan
NFL Week 6 Takeaways: What We Learned This Week
By Connor Brosnan.
Oh Cleveland. This was supposed to be the year where things were different. A head coach with high expectations, an exciting offense, some explosive players on defense; things looked like they were finally looking up for the longest suffering franchise in the NFL.
After a 4-1 start, this week was the chance for them to really cement their place amongst the top teams and put everyone on notice by finally ending a barren run against their AFC North rival Pittsburgh Steelers. The way they presented themselves in the build-up, they definitely believed they would. So typically, Cleveland once again couldn't walk the walk and looked every bit as bad against Roethlisberger and his Steelers as they have at any stage during the previous 26 games Big Ben has played against them.
It wasn't exactly Pittsburgh at their very best, there were very few standout performers on the box score, but there didn't need to be simply because of how bad Cleveland were. I felt like I was watching that Hue Jackson side all over again. Couldn't stop Pittsburgh when they had the ball and couldn't do anything on offense, so much so that Baker Mayfield was pulled and they finished the game with Case Keenum under center.
It's hard to imagine how this could've gone much worse.
After all the bad blood in the build-up, you expected to see so much fight from the Browns, but this just looked like a team that can't handle the spotlight or the pressure. The Steelers however look like a near complete team that can rack up points even when their QB only throws for 162 yards and can endlessly cause havoc on defense.
On top of their four sacks they also picked off Mayfield twice, with Minkah Fitzpatrick, who keeps looking like one of the best trades in recent years and is one of my favourite players to watch in the whole league, taking one to the house.
You'd be hard pressed to find a more stacked roster in the NFL and sitting at 5-0, they look set to go on to achieve something big this year.
The Browns themselves may very well go on to have a good season, but one thing we can have no doubt about is that the Pittsburgh Steelers own the Cleveland Browns.
We can't ignore Chicago
Week after week most of the footballing world tells itself that the Chicago Bears aren't for real and we don't need to consider them as having any chance of success this season. But week after week the Chicago Bears keep grinding out wins and regardless of how well they're actually playing, that's a sign of a good team.
This week they took care of business against a Panthers team that was full of confidence after three wins on the spin, and there wasn't a point during the game where the Bears didn't seem fully in control of the game. Offensively they seem to be doing just enough to win games and trusting that their defense will dominate to see them across the line.
Matt Nagy's side have yet to score more than 30 points this season, but have yet to concede more than 26, which is among the best defensive records in the league. This week's trip to Charlotte followed the same pattern. They never once allowed Carolina to build up any momentum and whenever it looked like they would the Bears defense would pull off a timely turnover or stop, more often than not restricting the Panthers to Joey Slye field-goal attempts. Eventually those lack of big points would cost the Panthers because the Nick Foles led offense would just keep tacking on enough points to keep the hosts at arm's length.
Foles himself was hit nine times by the young Panthers defensive line, but he showed a somewhat surprising level of elusiveness and was never sacked while only throwing one interception which was well read by the impressive rookie Jeremy Chinn.
Herein lies the difference, as Teddy Bridgewater on the other end was sacked four times and threw two interceptions. It's not exactly flashy from the Bears, however it is solid football and they're proving a tough nut to crack this season, but most importantly they're getting that much needed winning feeling and learning how to grind out results.
It's certainly not time to jump on the bandwagon just yet, but with a 5-1 record, including being 3-0 on the road, it's definitely time to pay this Bears team some respect.
All hail the King!
Speaking of teams we should be taking seriously, those Tennessee Titans look mighty impressive this season, sitting pretty at 5-0 after grinding out a hard-fought overtime win over AFC South rivals the Houston Texans.
Solid on defense – something you'd expect from a Mike Vrabel side – and loaded on the offense, it's very difficult to find a main weakness in this Titans team that will probably believe they can go at least one better than their impressive run to the AFC Championship game last year.
Ryan Tannehill is playing some of the best football of his career and has turned into a fully-fledged franchise QB, as opposed to the stand-in they signed to replace Marcus Mariota for a while, but the brightest star on this side of the ball every week is Derrick Henry. The 2015 Heisman Trophy winner defies physics, as at 6ft 3in and 247lb he has no right to be able to move the way he does.
Yet he's turning into one of, if not the most unplayable running back in the NFL. The whole world witnessed his greatness in the 2019 AFC Divisional game when Henry ran all over the heavy favourite Baltimore Ravens for 190 yards to carry the Titans to the aforementioned Championship game, but it's now at the stage when we're seeing that sort of performance every other week.
This week it was the Texans' turn to feel the wrath of the King (and not for the first time) as he racked up 212 yards on the ground and two touchdowns, including the overtime winner. His performance was capped by an incredible 94 yard touchdown run, making him only the 5th player in NFL history to now have gone on 90+ yard runs twice (his other being that unforgettable 99 yard TD against the Jaguars).
It's almost incomprehensible to think that a man his size can run that distance with such ease, with no defensive back even able to get close to catching him, and even if they did, he's almost impossible to tackle at that size so it wouldn't have mattered anyway. He clocked in at 21.62mph on that run, making him the 3rd fastest player on any particular play this season. It's frightening. What we saw was another masterclass in speed and power running from Henry on Sunday, and he showed again why he's arguably the most complete running back in the NFL.
Brady bests Rodgers
Well, that was unexpected. Not the outcome as such, but the manner in which the Tampa Bay Buccaneers beat the then 4-0 Green Bay Packers was one of the most surprising watches of the season so far.
Everybody was excited to see only the third matchup between two of the greatest quarterbacks of all time, but very few could have predicted how this one would end up going. The Green Bay offense had been one of the best in the league thus far and Tom Brady and the Bucs had been, by their high standards, a little bit mediocre. So of course, it was quite the shock to witness such a beatdown of the Packers that ultimately ended with Aaron Rodgers being pulled from the game such was the comprehension of Tampa's victory.
He was pulled to protect himself of course, but his performance was that poor on Sunday that it could have been justified in some way just to save him from himself.
It started promisingly, with Rodgers setting up the opening TD (and much respect to him for dropping the Key & Peele celebration), and it looked like we could be on for seeing another impressive offensive outing from the Packers, but oh how things turned in the second and third quarters.
38 unanswered points turned this into a rout, and Brady and co hardly had to get out of first gear. It was made so easy for them on offense. Brady only threw for 166 yards, wasn't sacked once and had excellent support from the vastly improving Ronald Jones II, but the story for how Tampa Bay won this game lies with the defense.
It wasn't so long ago that this Tampa Bay unit was classed among the worst in the NFL defensively, but it's hard to argue against them being top of the class already. Todd Bowles has a case for being the best defensive coordinator in the league for how he's managed to turn a team that consistently gave up over 400 yards-per-game into a turnover machine.
Behind only Pittsburgh for most sacks in the league and behind only the Colts for most interceptions, with Jason Pierre-Paul and Carlton Davis among the individual leaders respectively, there isn't a weakness on that defense. It was just a relentless onslaught on Rodgers this week and he wasn't allowed a chance to get anything going on offense.
Sacked four times and picked off twice, including a pick-six from Jamel Dean (impressively only the 3rd of Rodgers career), Tampa Bay managed to disrupt a quarterback who is almost never thrown off his game to this extent. It got to the stage where Rodgers looked extremely uncomfortable out on the field and didn't look at all like the man who had started the season so impressively.
It's likely just a blip from the Packers, but they will be desperate to get back to winning ways against the struggling Houston Texans next week and get this horror show out of their system.
Dallas miss Dak already
The first game for the Dallas Cowboys post Dak Prescott's horror injury could not have gone any worse. They still had the same struggles on defense, but they couldn't even hide those anymore with their heavy point scoring on offense as the difference between a Prescott led Cowboys and a Dalton led Cowboys was laid bare.
Andy Dalton is not a bad quarterback, he's probably the best backup in the whole NFL, but on this showing it doesn't look like he'll be able to get anywhere near to the same production as Prescott and any hopes of them still being able to scrape by don't seem as high now. Dalton didn't look too comfortable out there, getting sacked three times by a Cardinals defense which admittedly came to play, and throwing two interceptions.
If your defense is as bad as Dallas' is, you can't afford to make costly turnovers, and this showed today because every possession they gifted back to Arizona they seemed to be punished on. The first two Arizona touchdowns were scored following turnovers from Dallas.
The blame can't lay squarely at Dalton's feet however, as he just didn't get the help from his star-studded offensive players that you would expect, particularly from Ezekiel Elliott. We knew Zeke would be needed even more than usual after Prescott's injury, but this was arguably Elliott's worst performance in his NFL career with just 49 yards and two costly fumbles. The fumbles are becoming a bit of an issue for Elliott. He's a player with very few weaknesses, but that's now his fifth fumble on the season, which is more than double that of the next running back, and the 20th of his career.
At a time when Dallas are struggling as it is and need to be relying on Elliott more than anyone else, they can't afford these kind of costly mistakes. The early fumbles on Monday set the tone and Arizona rode that early momentum and cruised to victory.
The Dallas defense still has the same issues as always. They can't make stops and they're not getting enough turnovers. That's now the fifth straight game where they have conceded 34+ points. There's no chance a team can have any sort of success with those sort of numbers, and although they may still make the playoffs due to a dreadful NFC East, this Dallas team aren't going to make any sort of noise this season.
Cardinals bounce back
On the other end of the scale though, what a day it turned into for the Arizona Cardinals. They've kept themselves in a great position at 4-2 in the NFC West with that victory, and they looked every bit as good as they have at any point this year.
I can't recall seeing many games where a quarterback completes only nine passes but still cruises to a 38-7 victory, but that just highlights the production in the run game and on defense from Arizona. Two of those nine passes were for touchdowns, while another two were 80 and 60 yard completions to Christian Kirk and DeAndre Hopkins respectively.
It wasn't exactly a clinical passing display from Kyler Murray, but they had enough big plays and enough timely plays to still cause a lot of damage. Murray added 74 yards on the ground with a further touchdown and was only sacked and hit once as Dallas just couldn't get close to him. Arizona also got the monster day from Kenyan Drake that they had been crying out for, with 164 yards and two scores.
Ruthless football is how best to describe the Cardinals offense on Monday. They didn't see that much of the ball in the grand scheme of things, but when they did, they constantly made things happen, admittedly against a very poor Dallas defense.
Defensively they were very strong too. Considering they were going up against Ezekiel Elliott, one of the league's premier running backs, and considering they were one of the worst defenses against the rush this season, Vance Joseph's defense stepped up and showed genuine signs of improvement this week. A special mention has to go to Budda Baker who had a career day with one interception, one forced fumble (which ultimately led to the opening touchdown and set Arizona on their way), and one sack.
It felt like the Cardinals set out to be destructive up front and get straight after Andy Dalton on his first start of the season and they did just that by hitting him eight times and sacking him three times. It bodes well for Arizona that they can shut down such a talented offense like the Dallas one by playing the sort of disruptive football they did this week, and will hopefully be something they carry with them for the rest of the season after what was a bit of a dip a few weeks ago. With the talent they've got on offense, if they can get things rolling on the other side of the ball then there's still a chance they can be a threat this season.
nfl week 6
budda baker
kyler murray
2023 NFL Draft Watch List: 100 Prospects To Know
Best and Worst Picks of Every Round in the 2022 NFL Draft
Best Players Remaining On Defense In the 2022 NFL Draft


Apple announced updates to its iLife suite of apps at today's event in San Francisco, but perhaps more interesting than any specific feature is the pricing – the company said iLife will be free with purchase of any new Mac or iOS device.
iPhoto on the iPad now has Photo Books, allowing users to order printed collections of their pictures.
iMovie has been redesigned, with a new feature called iMovie Theater that allows users to view all of their iMovie projects in one place.
GarageBand now has a maximum of eight tracks, and there are new built-in instruments.
GarageBand now includes a "smart drummer" track that analyzes your music and plays along.
All iLife apps are getting 64-bit updates.
GarageBand for Mac and Garageband for iOS are available for free to all iOS 7 and Mavericks users. In terms of features, Garageband for iOS increases the number of tracks from 8 to 16 for many devices, and up to 32 tracks for devices using the A7 chip. GarageBand for Mac includes an all new Sound Library, as well as Drummer, the new virtual session player who takes your direction and plays along to your song.


All I have is body butter. I went to use my moisturiser but it was empty because my sister used it all and then put it back >:( Can I use body butter?
Best answer: I agree 100%. However, two girlfriends had the exact same tattoo, a small red rose. One had it on the point of her left hip, the other in the near-middle of her back, where the bra clasp was. Those were acceptable. However, the 1st would now be 63, & the 2nd 58. I wonder if the tattoos are still as tasteful as they were when I knew them, when they were 24 & 26/7?
So I had both my Tragus pierced about 2 months ago (maybe a bit longer). Ones healed nicely. The other looks like this. Been having mild pain for weeks but not been able to get a good picture until now.
I have dark grayish-blue eyes, Auburn, straight hair, Loads of freckles, a well defined chin, straight, medium sized button nose, long but thin eyebrows and white, pale skin. I am relatively tall and have average sized lips. High cheekbones.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The solar \cite{SNO}, atmospheric \cite{SK}, reactor \cite{KM} and
accelerator \cite{K2K} neutrino experiments have provided us with
very convincing evidence that neutrinos are massive and lepton
flavors are mixed. Given the basis in which the flavor eigenstates
of charged leptons are identified with their mass eigenstates, the
phenomenon of neutrino mixing can simply be described by a
$3\times 3$ unitary matrix $V$ which transforms the neutrino mass
eigenstates $(\nu^{}_1, \nu^{}_2, \nu^{}_3)$ into the neutrino
flavor eigenstates $(\nu^{}_e, \nu^{}_\mu, \nu^{}_\tau)$. We
assume massive neutrinos to be Majorana particles and parametrize
$V$ as
\begin{equation}
V = \left( \matrix{ c^{}_{12}c^{}_{13} & s^{}_{12}c ^{}_{13} &
s^{}_{13} e^{-i\delta} \cr -s^{}_{12}c^{}_{23}
-c^{}_{12}s^{}_{23}s^{}_{13} e^{i\delta} & c^{}_{12}c^{}_{23}
-s^{}_{12}s^{}_{23}s^{}_{13} e^{i\delta} & s^{}_{23}c^{}_{13} \cr
s^{}_{12}s^{}_{23} -c^{}_{12}c^{}_{23}s^{}_{13} e^{i\delta} &
-c^{}_{12}s^{}_{23} -s^{}_{12}c^{}_{23}s^{}_{13} e^{i\delta} &
c^{}_{23}c^{}_{13} } \right) \left ( \matrix{e^{i\rho } & 0 & 0
\cr 0 & e^{i\sigma} & 0 \cr 0 & 0 & 1 \cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
where $c^{}_{ij} \equiv \cos\theta_{ij}$ and $s^{}_{ij} \equiv
\sin\theta_{ij}$ (for $ij=12,23$ and $13$). A global analysis of
current experimental data \cite{Vissani} yields $30^\circ <
\theta^{}_{12} < 38^\circ$, $36^\circ < \theta^{}_{23} < 54^\circ$
and $\theta^{}_{13} < 10^\circ$ at the $99\%$ confidence level,
but three CP-violating phases of $V$ (i.e., the Dirac phase
$\delta$ and the Majorana phases $\rho$ and $\sigma$) are entirely
unrestricted. In order to interpret the largeness of two neutrino
mixing angles together with the smallness of three neutrino
masses, many theoretical and phenomenological models of lepton
mass matrices have been proposed in the literature \cite{Review}.
Among them, the scenarios based on possible flavor symmetries are
particularly simple, suggestive and predictive.

In this paper, we focus our interest on the neutrino mass model
proposed recently by Friedberg and Lee (FL) \cite{Lee}. The
neutrino mass operator in the FL model is simply given by
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}^{}_{\nu- \rm mass} & = & a \left (\overline{\nu}^{}_\tau
- \overline{\nu}^{}_\mu \right ) \left (\nu^{}_\tau - \nu^{}_\mu
\right ) + b \left (\overline{\nu}^{}_\mu - \overline{\nu}^{}_e
\right ) \left (\nu^{}_\mu - \nu^{}_e \right ) + c \left
(\overline{\nu}^{}_e - \overline{\nu}^{}_\tau \right ) \left
(\nu^{}_e - \nu^{}_\tau \right ) ~~~~~~~
\nonumber \\
& & + m^{}_0 \left (\overline{\nu}^{}_e \nu^{}_e +
\overline{\nu}^{}_\mu \nu^{}_\mu + \overline{\nu}^{}_\tau
\nu^{}_\tau \right ) \; ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $a$, $b$, $c$ and $m^{}_0$ are all assumed to be {\it real}.
A salient feature of ${\cal L}^{}_{\nu- \rm mass}$ is its partial
gauge-like symmetry; i.e., its $a$, $b$ and $c$ terms are
invariant under the transformation $\nu^{}_\alpha \rightarrow
\nu^{}_\alpha + z$ (for $\alpha = e, \mu, \tau$) with $z$ being a
space-time independent constant element of the Grassmann algebra
\cite{Lee}. Eq. (2) means that the neutrino mass matrix $M^{}_\nu$
takes the form
\begin{equation}
M^{}_\nu \; = \; m^{}_0 \left ( \matrix{1 & 0 & 0 \cr 0 & 1 & 0
\cr 0 & 0 & 1 \cr} \right ) ~ + ~ \left ( \matrix{ b+c & -b & -c
\cr -b & a+b & -a \cr -c & -a & a+c \cr} \right ) \; .
\end{equation}
Diagonalizing $M^{}_\nu$ by the transformation $V^{\dagger}_{\rm
FL} M^{}_\nu V^{*}_{\rm FL} = {\rm Diag} \{ m^{}_1, m^{}_2, m^{}_3
\}$, in which $m^{}_i$ (for $i=1,2,3$) stand for the neutrino
masses, one may obtain the neutrino mixing matrix
\begin{equation}
V^{}_{\rm FL} = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}
& \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr} \right ) \left ( \matrix{
\displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2} & 0 & \displaystyle
\sin\frac{\theta}{2} \cr\cr 0 & 1 & 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\sin\frac{\theta}{2} & 0 & \displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2}
\cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
where $\theta$ is given by $\tan\theta = \sqrt{3} \left (b-c
\right )/\left [ \left (b + c\right ) - 2a \right ]$. This
interesting result leads us to the following observations:
\begin{itemize}
\item       If $\theta =0^\circ$ holds, $V^{}_{\rm FL}$ will
reproduce the exact tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern (with
$\tan\theta^{}_{12} = 1/\sqrt{2}$ or $\theta^{}_{12} \approx
35.3^\circ$, $\theta^{}_{23} = 45^\circ$ and $\theta^{}_{13} =
0^\circ$) \cite{TB}. The latter, which can be understood as a
geometric representation of the neutrino mixing matrix \cite{TD},
is in good agreement with current experimental data. Non-vanishing
but small $\theta$ predicts $\sin\theta^{}_{13} = ( 2/\sqrt{6})
\sin \left (\theta/2 \right )$, implying $\theta \lesssim
24.6^\circ$ for $\theta^{}_{13} < 10^\circ$. On the other hand,
$\theta^{}_{23}$ will mildly deviate from its best-fit value
$\theta^{}_{23} = 45^\circ$ if $\theta$ (or $\theta^{}_{13}$)
takes non-zero values.

\item       The limit $\theta = 0^\circ$ results from $b = c$.
When $b=c$ holds, it is easy to check that the neutrino mass
operator ${\cal L}^{}_{\nu- \rm mass}$ has the exact $\mu$-$\tau$
symmetry (i.e., ${\cal L}^{}_{\nu- \rm mass}$ is invariant under
the exchange of $\mu$ and $\tau$ indices). In other words, the
tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing is a natural consequence of the
$\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry of $M^{}_\nu$ in the FL model. Then
$\theta^{}_{13} \neq 0^\circ$ and $\theta^{}_{23} \neq 45^\circ$
measure the strength of $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry breaking, as many
authors have discussed in other neutrino mass models
\cite{Symmetry}.
\end{itemize}
In addition, one may consider to remove one degree of freedom from
${\cal L}^{}_{\nu- \rm mass}$ or $M^{}_\nu$ (for instance, by
setting $c =0$ \cite{Lee}).

We aim to generalize the FL model to accommodate CP and T
violation for massive Majorana neutrinos
\footnote{To include T violation into the model, Friedberg and Lee
\cite{Lee} have inserted the phase factors $e^{\pm i \eta}$ into
Eq. (2) by replacing the term $c \left (\overline{\nu}^{}_e -
\overline{\nu}^{}_\tau \right ) \left (\nu^{}_e - \nu^{}_\tau
\right )$ with the term $c \left (e^{-i\eta} \overline{\nu}^{}_e -
\overline{\nu}^{}_\tau \right ) \left (e^{+i\eta} \nu^{}_e -
\nu^{}_\tau \right )$. The resultant neutrino mass matrix is no
longer symmetric, hence it definitely describes Dirac neutrinos
instead of Majorana neutrinos.}.
The effective Majorana neutrino mass term can be written as
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}^{\prime}_{\nu- \rm mass} \; = \; \frac{1}{2} ~
\overline{\left (\nu^{}_e, ~ \nu^{}_\mu, ~ \nu^{}_\tau \right
)^{}_{\rm L}} ~ M^{}_{\nu} \left ( \matrix{\nu^{\rm c}_e \cr
\nu^{\rm c}_\mu \cr \nu^{\rm c}_\tau \cr} \right )^{}_{\rm R} +
{\rm h.c.} \; ,
\end{equation}
where $\nu^{\rm c}_\alpha \equiv C \bar{\nu}^T_\alpha$ (for
$\alpha = e, \mu, \tau$), and $M^{}_\nu$ is of the same form as
that given in Eq. (3). Now the parameters of $M^{}_\nu$ (i.e.,
$a$, $b$, $c$ and $m^{}_0$) are all complex. Then we are able to
derive both the Dirac phase ($\delta$) and the Majorana phases
($\rho$ and $\sigma$) for the neutrino mixing matrix $V$. Two
special cases are particularly interesting:
\begin{itemize}
\item       Scenario (A): $a$ and $m^{}_0$ are real, and $b = c^*$
are complex. We find that the $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry of $M^{}_\nu$
is softly broken in this case, leading to the elegant predictions
$\theta^{}_{13} \neq 0^\circ$, $\theta^{}_{23} =45^\circ$ and
$\delta = 90^\circ$. Two Majorana phases $\rho$ and $\sigma$ keep
vanishing.

\item       Scenario (B): $a$, $b$ and $c$ are real, but $m^{}_0$
is complex. We find that the results of $\theta^{}_{12}$,
$\theta^{}_{23}$ and $\theta^{}_{13}$ obtained from $V^{}_{\rm
FL}$ keep unchanged in this case, but some nontrivial values of
the Majorana phases $\rho$ and $\sigma$ can now be generated. The
Dirac phase $\delta$ remains vanishing.
\end{itemize}

The remaining part of this paper is organized as follows. More
detailed discussions about scenarios (A) and (B) will be presented
in section II. Section III is devoted to a generic analysis of the
generalized FL model with no special assumptions. Finally, we make
some concluding remarks in section IV.

\section{Two simple scenarios}

First of all, let us consider two special but interesting
scenarios of the generalized FL model and explore their respective
consequences on three neutrino mixing angles and three
CP-violating phases. They are quite instructive in phenomenology
and may easily be tested by a variety of long-baseline neutrino
oscillation experiments in the near future.

\subsection{Scenario (A)}

In this scenario, $a$ and $m^{}_0$ are real, $b$ and $c$ are
complex, and $b = c^*$ holds. The corresponding neutrino mass
matrix $M^{}_\nu$ reads
\begin{equation}
M^{}_\nu \; = \; m^{}_0 \left ( \matrix{1 & 0 & 0 \cr 0 & ~ 1 ~ &
0 \cr 0 & 0 & 1 \cr} \right ) ~ + ~ \left ( \matrix{ 2{\rm Re}
\left (b \right ) & -b & -b^* \cr -b & a + b & -a \cr -b^* & -a &
a + b^* \cr} \right ) \; .
\end{equation}
We find that $M^{}_\nu$ can be diagonalized by the transformation
$V^{\dagger} M^{}_\nu V^{*} = {\rm Diag} \{ m^{}_1, m^{}_2, m^{}_3
\}$, where
\begin{equation}
V = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr} \right ) \left ( \matrix{
\displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2} & 0 & \displaystyle
\sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{-i\delta} \cr\cr 0 & 1 & 0 \cr\cr
\displaystyle -\sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{i\delta} & 0 & \displaystyle
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} \cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
and $\delta$ is just the Dirac phase of CP violation defined in
the standard parametrization of $V$. A straightforward calculation
yields $\delta =  90^\circ$,
\begin{equation}
\tan\theta \; =\; \frac{\sqrt{3} ~ {\rm Im} \left (b \right )}
{m^{}_0 + a + 2 {\rm Re} \left (b \right )} \; ,
\end{equation}
together with three neutrino masses
\begin{eqnarray}
m^{}_1 & = &  \sqrt{\left [m^{}_0 + a + 2{\rm Re} \left (b \right
) \right ]^2 + 3 \left [ {\rm Im} \left (b \right ) \right ]^2} ~
- a + {\rm Re} \left (b \right ) \; ,
\nonumber \\
m^{}_2 & = & m^{}_0 \; ,
\nonumber \\
m^{}_3 & = & \sqrt{\left [m^{}_0 + a + 2{\rm Re} \left (b \right )
\right ]^2 + 3 \left [ {\rm Im} \left (b \right ) \right ]^2} ~ +
a - {\rm Re} \left (b \right ) \; .
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the special result of $\delta$ is a natural consequence
of the purely imaginary term $b - c = 2i {\rm Im} \left (b \right
)$ in this scenario. The difference between $b$ and $c$ can be
referred to as the {\it soft} $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry breaking,
because $|b| = |c|$ holds. The explicit expression of $V$ is
\begin{equation}
V = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle -i \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} \cr\cr
\displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} - i
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle
\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} + i \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\cr\cr \displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} + i
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle
\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} + i \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\cr} \right ) \; .
\end{equation}
We observe that the only difference between $V$ in Eq. (10) and
$V^{}_{\rm FL}$ in Eq. (4) is the introduction of a special
CP-violating phase (see also Ref. \cite{Yasue} for a discussion
about the maximal leptonic CP violation with $\delta = 90^\circ$).
This CP-violating phase, which is attributed to the soft breaking
of $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry, can change the prediction of $V^{}_{\rm
FL}$ for $\theta^{}_{23}$. Comparing Eq. (10) with Eq. (1), we
immediately obtain
\footnote{It is trivial to redefine the phases of charged-lepton
fields, such that the location of CP-violating phases in Eq. (10)
is the same as that in Eq. (1).}
\begin{eqnarray}
\sin\theta^{}_{12} & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 + \cos\theta}} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\sin\theta^{}_{23} & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \; , \nonumber \\
\sin\theta^{}_{13} & = & \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\; ,
\end{eqnarray}
together with $\delta =  90^\circ$ and $\rho = \sigma = 0^\circ$.
Without loss of generality, we have restricted $\theta$ to the
first quadrant. The leptonic Jarlskog parameter $\cal J$ \cite{J},
which is a rephasing-invariant measure of CP violation in neutrino
oscillations, reads ${\cal J} = \sin\theta /(6\sqrt{3})$. One can
see that the soft breaking of $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry leads to both
$\theta^{}_{13} \neq 0^\circ$ and ${\cal J} \neq 0$, but it does
not affect the favorable result $\theta^{}_{23} = 45^\circ$ given
by the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern. On the other hand,
$\sin\theta^{}_{12} \approx 1/\sqrt{3}$ is an excellent
approximation, since $\theta$ must be small to maintain the
smallness of $\theta^{}_{13}$. In view of $\theta^{}_{13} <
10^\circ$, we obtain $\theta \lesssim 24.6^\circ$ and ${\cal J}
\lesssim 0.04$. It is possible to measure ${\cal J} \sim {\cal
O}(10^{-2})$ in the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation
experiments.

Note that the neutrino masses rely on four real model parameters
$m^{}_0$, $a$, ${\rm Re}(b)$ and ${\rm Im}(b)$. Thus it is easy to
fit the neutrino mass-squared differences $\Delta m^2_{21} = (7.2
\cdots 8.9) \times 10^{-5} ~ {\rm eV}^2$ and $\Delta m^2_{32} =
\pm (2.1 \cdots 3.1) \times 10^{-3} ~ {\rm eV}^2$ \cite{Vissani}.
Such a fit should not involve any fine-tuning, because (a) the
number of free parameters is larger than the number of constraint
conditions and (b) three neutrino masses have very weak
correlation with three mixing angles. A detailed numerical
analysis shows that only the normal mass hierarchy ($m^{}_1 <
m^{}_2 < m^{}_3$) is allowed in this scenario. FIG. 1 illustrates
the parameter space of $m^{}_0$, $a$, ${\rm Re}(b)$ and ${\rm
Im}(b)$, where $m^{}_0 \lesssim 0.2$ eV has typically been taken
as a generous upper bound on the absolute neutrino mass
\cite{WMAP}. Because of $m^{}_0 = m^{}_2$, it is straightforward
to get $m^{}_0 > \sqrt{\Delta m^2_{21}} \approx 0.009 ~ {\rm eV}$,
as shown in FIG. 1. The small $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry breaking (or
small $\theta$) requires the small magnitude of ${\rm Im}(b)$.
Thus Eq. (10) allows us to get ${\rm Re}(b) \approx (m^{}_1 -
m^{}_2)/3$ in the ${\rm Im}(b) \rightarrow 0$ limit, implying that
${\rm Re}(b)$ is negative and its magnitude is very small.
Furthermore, $a \approx (m^{}_3 - m^{}_2)/2$ approximately holds
in the ${\rm Im}(b) \rightarrow 0$ limit, implying that the
maximal value of $a$ is roughly half of $m^{}_3 \sim \sqrt{|\Delta
m^2_{32}|}$ (i.e., $a \lesssim 0.025 ~ {\rm eV}$) when three
neutrino masses develop a strong normal hierarchy.

\subsection{Scenario (B)}

In this simple scenario, only $m^{}_0$ is assumed to be complex.
While the neutrino mass matrix $M^{}_\nu$ takes the same form as
that given in Eq. (3), its diagonalization ($V^\dagger M^{}_\nu
V^* = {\rm Diag} \{ m^{}_1, m^{}_2, m^{}_3 \}$) requires the
following transformation matrix
\begin{equation}
V = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr} \right ) \left ( \matrix{
\displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2} & 0 & \displaystyle
\sin\frac{\theta}{2} \cr\cr 0 & 1 & 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\sin\frac{\theta}{2} & 0 & \displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2} \cr}
\right ) \left ( \matrix{ e^{i\phi^{}_1} & 0 & 0 \cr\cr 0 &
e^{i\phi^{}_2} & 0 \cr\cr 0 & 0 & e^{i\phi^{}_3} \cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
where $\phi^{}_i$ (for $i=1,2,3$) originate from the imaginary
part of $m^{}_0$. Comparing between Eqs. (1) and (12), one can see
that the Majorana phases of CP violation in the standard
parametrization of $V$ are given by $\rho = \phi^{}_1 - \phi^{}_3$
and $\sigma = \phi^{}_2 - \phi^{}_3$ (i.e., the phase factor
$e^{i\phi^{}_3}$ in Eq. (12) is finally rotated away by redefining
the phases of three charged-lepton fields). After a
straightforward calculation, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\tan\theta \; =\; \frac{\sqrt{3} \left (b - c \right )}{\left (b +
c \right ) - 2a} \; ,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
m^{}_1 & = & \sqrt{\left [m^{}_{-} + {\rm Re} \left (m^{}_0 \right ) \right ]^2
+ \left [ {\rm Im} \left ( m^{}_0 \right ) \right ]^2} \;\; , \nonumber \\
m^{}_2 & = & \left |m^{}_0 \right | \; , \nonumber \\
m^{}_3 & = & \sqrt{\left [m^{}_{+} + {\rm Re} \left (m^{}_0 \right
) \right ]^2 + \left [ {\rm Im} \left ( m^{}_0 \right ) \right
]^2} \;\; ,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
m^{}_{\pm} \; = \; \left ( a + b + c \right ) \pm \sqrt{a^2 + b^2
+ c^2 - ab - ac - bc} \;\; .
\end{equation}
The final result for the neutrino mixing matrix $V$ is
\begin{equation}
V = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} \cr\cr
\displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} -
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle
\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\cr\cr \displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} +
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle
\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\cr} \right ) \left ( \matrix{ e^{i\rho} & 0 & 0 \cr\cr 0 &
e^{i\sigma} & 0 \cr\cr 0 & 0 & 1 \cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
where $\rho$ and $\sigma$ are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\tan 2 \rho & = & \frac{\left ( m^{}_+ - m^{}_- \right ) {\rm Im}
\left ( m^{}_0 \right )}{|m^{}_0|^2 + m^{}_+ m^{}_- + \left (
m^{}_+ + m^{}_- \right ) {\rm Re} \left ( m^{}_0 \right )} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\tan 2 \sigma & = & \frac{ m^{}_+ {\rm Im} \left ( m^{}_0 \right
)}{|m^{}_0|^2 + m^{}_+ {\rm Re} \left ( m^{}_0 \right )} \; .
\end{eqnarray}
One can see that the only difference between $V$ in Eq. (16) and
$V^{}_{\rm FL}$ in Eq. (4) is the introduction of two Majorana
phases of CP violation. Although $\rho$ and $\sigma$ have nothing
to do with the behaviors of neutrino oscillations, they may
significantly affect the neutrinoless double-beta decay
\cite{Xing02}. Comparing Eq. (16) with Eq. (1), we arrive at
\begin{eqnarray}
\sin\theta^{}_{12} & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 + \cos\theta}} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\sin\theta^{}_{23} & = & \frac{\sqrt{2 + \cos\theta - \sqrt{3}
\sin\theta}}{\sqrt{2 \left (2 + \cos\theta \right )}} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\sin\theta^{}_{13} & = & \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\; ,
\end{eqnarray}
together with $\delta = 0^\circ$ for the Dirac phase of CP
violation. Again $\theta$ has been restricted to the first
quadrant. The results for $\theta^{}_{12}$ and $\theta^{}_{13}$ in
this scenario are the same as those obtained in scenario (A), but
the Jarlskog parameter $\cal J$ is now vanishing. Because of the
$\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry breaking, $\theta^{}_{23}$ may somehow
deviate from the favorable value $\theta^{}_{23} = 45^\circ$.
Given $\theta \lesssim 24.6^\circ$ corresponding to
$\theta^{}_{13} < 10^\circ$, $\theta^{}_{23}$ is allowed to vary
in the range $37.8^\circ \lesssim \theta^{}_{23} \leq 45^\circ$
\cite{US}.

Note that the neutrino masses depend on five real model parameters
$a$, $b$, $c$, ${\rm Re}(m^{}_0)$ and ${\rm Im}(m^{}_0)$. Hence
there is sufficient freedom to fit two observed neutrino
mass-squared differences $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}$.
A detailed numerical analysis shows that both the normal mass
hierarchy ($m^{}_1 < m^{}_2 < m^{}_3$) and the inverted mass
hierarchy ($m^{}_3 < m^{}_1 < m^{}_2$) are allowed in scenario
(B). FIGs. 2 and 3 illustrate the parameter space of $a$, $b$,
$c$, ${\rm Re}(m^{}_0)$ and ${\rm Im}(m^{}_0)$, where $|m^{}_0|
\lesssim 0.2$ eV has been taken \cite{WMAP}. Taking account of the
analytical reciprocity between $b$ and $c$ (i.e., an exchange of
$b$ and $c$ in Eq. (15) does not affect the result of $m^{}_i$
obtained in Eq. (14)), we plot their allowed regions in the same
figure without any confusion. Note that $m^{}_0$ cannot be purely
imaginary in both normal and inverted mass hierarchies, otherwise
we would be left with $\Delta m^2_{21} < 0$, which is in
disagreement with current experimental data. Moreover, the lower
bound of $|{\rm Re}(m^{}_0)|$ is obviously restricted by the
magnitude of $m^{}_2$ (i.e., $m^{}_2 \sim \sqrt{\Delta m^2_{21}}
\approx 0.009 ~ {\rm eV}$ in the normal mass hierarchy or $m^{}_2
\sim \sqrt{|\Delta m^2_{32}|} \approx 0.05 ~ {\rm eV}$ in the
inverted mass hierarchy). In view of $(m^{}_+ - m^{}_-) \propto
(m^2_3 - m^2_1)$ from Eq. (14), we find $m^{}+ \neq m^{}_-$. This
inequality implies that $a=b=c$ is not allowed, as one can see
from Eq. (15) or FIGs. 2 and 3.
The disconnected regions in the plots of $a$ versus $b$ (or $c$)
are ascribed to the ambiguity induced by the sign of ${\rm
Re}(m^{}_0)$. FIG. 4 shows the allowed regions of $\rho$ and
$\sigma$. We see that both of them are less restricted, as a
consequence of the large freedom associated with the imaginary
part of $m^{}_0$.

\section{Generic analysis}

Now let us assume all the parameters of $M^{}_\nu$ in Eq. (3) to
be complex and calculate its mass eigenvalues and flavor mixing
parameters. Using the tri-bimaximal mixing matrix \cite{TB}
\begin{equation}
V^{}_0 = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
we transform $M^{}_\nu$ into the following form:
\begin{equation}
V^\dagger_0 M^{}_\nu V^{*}_0 \; = \; \left(\matrix{\displaystyle
\frac{3}{2} \left (b + c \right ) + m^{}_0 & 0 & \displaystyle
\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \left (c - b \right ) \cr 0 & m^{}_0 & 0 \cr
\displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \left (c - b \right ) & 0 &
\displaystyle 2a + \frac{1}{2} \left (b + c \right ) + m^{}_0 \cr
}\right) \; .
\end{equation}
This complex mass matrix can be diagonalized by the transformation
$V^\dagger_1 (V^\dagger_0 M^{}_\nu V^{*}_0 ) V^{*}_1 = {\rm
Diag}\{m^{}_1, m^{}_2, m^{}_3 \}$, where
\begin{equation}
V^{}_1 \; = \; \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2}
& 0 & \displaystyle \sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{-i\delta} \cr\cr 0 & 1
& 0 \cr\cr \displaystyle -\sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{i\delta} & 0 &
\displaystyle \cos\frac{\theta}{2} \cr} \right ) \left ( \matrix{
e^{i\phi^{}_1} & 0 & 0 \cr\cr 0 & e^{i\phi^{}_2} & 0 \cr\cr 0 & 0
& e^{i\phi^{}_3} \cr} \right ) \; .
\end{equation}
The neutrino mixing matrix $V$ turns out to be $V = V^{}_0
V^{}_1$, in which $\delta$ is just the Dirac phase of CP
violation. Of course, $\rho = \phi^{}_1 - \phi^{}_3$ and $\sigma =
\phi^{}_2 - \phi^{}_3$ are the Majorana phases of CP violation in
the standard parametrization of $V$.

To be explicit, we express $\theta$ and $\delta$ in terms of the
parameters of $M^{}_\nu$. The results are
\begin{eqnarray}
\tan \theta & = & \frac{\sqrt{X^2 + Y^2}}{Z} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\tan\delta & = & \frac{X}{Y} \; ,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
X & = & \sqrt{3}{\rm Im}\left (ac^*-ab^* - bc^* \right ) \; ,
\nonumber \\
Y & = & \sqrt{3} \left [|c|^2 - |b|^2 + {\rm Re} \left (ac^* -
ab^* - m^{}_0b^* + m^{}_0c^* \right ) \right ] \; ,
\nonumber \\
Z & = & 2|a|^2 - |b|^2 - |c|^2 + {\rm Re} \left ( ab^* + ac^* -
2bc^* + 2m^{}_0a^* - m^{}_0b^* - m^{}_0c^* \right ) \; .
\end{eqnarray}
Furthermore, three mass eigenvalues of $M^{}_\nu$ and two Majorana
phases of $V$ are found to be
\begin{eqnarray}
m^{}_1 & = & \left | T^{}_1 \cos^2\frac{\theta}{2} - T_2\sin\theta
e^{-i\delta} + T^{}_3\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2} e^{-i 2\delta} \right
| \; ,
\nonumber \\
m^{}_2 & = & \left |m^{}_0 \right | \; ,
\nonumber \\
m^{}_3 & = & \left | T^{}_3 \cos^2\frac{\theta}{2} +
T^{}_2\sin\theta e^{+i\delta} + T^{}_1\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2} e^{+i
2\delta} \right | \; ;
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\rho & = &  \frac{1}{2} \arg \left( \frac{\displaystyle T^{}_1
\cos^2\frac{\theta}{2} - T^{}_2\sin\theta e^{-i\delta} +
T^{}_3\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2} e^{-i 2\delta}}{\displaystyle T^{}_3
\cos^2\frac{\theta}{2} + T^{}_2\sin\theta e^{+i\delta} +
T^{}_1\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2} e^{+i 2\delta}} \right) \; ,
\nonumber \\
\sigma & = &  \frac{1}{2}\arg \left( \frac{m^{}_0}{\displaystyle
T^{}_3 \cos^2\frac{\theta}{2} + T^{}_2\sin\theta e^{+i\delta} +
T^{}_1\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2} e^{+i 2\delta}} \right) \; ,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
T^{}_{1} & = & \frac{3}{2} \left (b + c \right ) + m^{}_0 \; ,
\nonumber \\
T^{}_{2} & = & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \left (c - b \right ) \; ,
\nonumber \\
T^{}_{3} & = & 2a + \frac{1}{2} \left (b+ c \right ) + m^{}_0 \; .
\end{eqnarray}
The final result of $V$ is
\begin{equation}
V = \left ( \matrix{ \displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} & \displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{-i\delta}
\cr\cr \displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} -
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{i\delta} &
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \displaystyle
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}
\sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{-i\delta} \cr\cr \displaystyle
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \cos\frac{\theta}{2} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\sin\frac{\theta}{2} e^{i\delta} & \displaystyle
\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \displaystyle -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\cos\frac{\theta}{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
e^{-i\delta} \cr} \right ) \left ( \matrix{ e^{i\rho} & 0 & 0
\cr\cr 0 & e^{i\sigma} & 0 \cr\cr 0 & 0 & 1 \cr} \right ) \; ,
\end{equation}
from which we obtain the Jarlskog parameter ${\cal J} =
\sin\theta\sin\delta/(6\sqrt{3})$. Comparing Eq. (27) with Eq.
(1), we arrive at
\begin{eqnarray}
\sin\theta^{}_{12} & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 + \cos\theta}} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\sin\theta^{}_{23} & = & \frac{\sqrt{2 + \cos\theta -
\sqrt{3}\sin\theta\cos\delta}}{\sqrt{2 \left (2 + \cos\theta
\right )}} \; ,
\nonumber \\
\sin\theta^{}_{13} & = & \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} \sin\frac{\theta}{2}
\; .
\end{eqnarray}
One can see that the predictions for $\theta^{}_{12}$ and
$\theta^{}_{13}$ are the same as those obtained in scenarios (A)
and (B). Thus they are two typical and general consequences of the
FL model. As for $\theta^{}_{23}$, the generic result in Eq. (28)
may easily reproduce the special result in Eq. (11) for scenario
(A) with $\delta =  90^\circ$ or that in Eq. (18) for scenario (B)
with $\delta = 0^\circ$. Given $\theta \lesssim 24.6^\circ$ (i.e.,
$\theta^{}_{13} < 10^\circ$), $\theta^{}_{23}$ is allowed to vary
in the range $37.8^\circ \leq \theta^{}_{23} \lesssim 52.2^\circ$
for arbitrary $\delta$.

As $m^{}_0$, $a$, $b$ and $c$ are all complex, we now have much
more freedom to fit two observed neutrino mass-squared differences
$\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}$. Of course, both the
normal neutrino mass hierarchy ($m^{}_1 < m^{}_2 < m^{}_3$) and
the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy ($m^{}_3 < m^{}_1 < m^{}_2$)
are expected in this generic case. We shall not carry out a
numerical analysis of the parameter space, however, just because
it involves a lot of uncertainties and is not as suggestive as
that in scenario (A) or scenario (B).

\section{Concluding remarks}

We have pointed out that the nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing
can be regarded as a natural consequence of the slight
$\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry breaking in the FL neutrino mass model.
Another straightforward consequence of the $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry
breaking is CP violation. Assuming the Majorana nature of massive
neutrinos, we have generalized the FL model to introduce the
CP-violating effects. In addition to a generic analysis of the
generalized FL model, two simple but intriguing scenarios have
been proposed: scenario (A) involves the softly-broken
$\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry, leading to the elegant predictions
$\theta^{}_{13} \neq 0^\circ$, $\theta^{}_{23} = 45^\circ$,
$\delta =  90^\circ$ and vanishing Majorana phases of CP
violation; scenario (B) predicts $\theta^{}_{13} \neq 0^\circ$,
$\theta^{}_{23} \neq 45^\circ$, $\delta = 0^\circ$ and two
nontrivial Majorana phases of CP violation, on the other hand.
Both scenarios are compatible with current experimental data.

Although our discussions about the generalized FL model are
restricted to low-energy scales, it can certainly be extended to a
superhigh-energy scale (e.g., the GUT scale or the seesaw scale).
In this case, one should take into account the radiative
corrections to both neutrino masses and flavor mixing parameters
when they run from the high scale to the electroweak scale. A
particularly interesting point is that the Majorana phases $\rho$
and $\sigma$ can radiatively be generated from the Dirac phase
$\delta$ in scenario (A), while the Dirac phase $\delta$ can
radiatively be generated from the Majorana phases $\rho$ and
$\sigma$ in scenario (B) \cite{Luo1}. Thus the features of
leptonic CP violation can fully show up in both scenarios at
low-energy scales, if they are originally prescribed at a
superhigh-energy scale (see Ref. \cite{Luo2} for a detailed
analysis of the running behaviors of CP-violating phases in the
nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern, including the
minimal supergravity threshold effects).

We conclude that the $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry and its slight breaking
are useful and suggestive for model building. We expect that a
stringent test of the generalized FL model, in particular its two
simple and instructive scenarios, can be achieved in the near
future from the reactor neutrino oscillation experiments (towards
measuring $\theta^{}_{13}$), the accelerator long-baseline
neutrino oscillation experiments (towards detecting both
$\theta^{}_{13}$ and $\delta$) and the neutrinoless double-beta
decay experiments (towards probing the Majorana nature of massive
neutrinos and constraining their Majorana phases of CP violation).

\acknowledgments{We are indebted to W.Q. Chao for bringing Refs.
\cite{Lee} and \cite{TD} to our particular attention. One of us
(Z.Z.X.) would also like to thank T.D. Lee for his encouragement
at the Workshop on Future China-US Cooperation in High Energy
Physics (June 2006, Beijing). This work is supported in part by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China.}

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


With summer just around the corner, you might already be thinking about those lazy days spent on the beach or hanging out around the pool. It's the best time of the year for most people, so it makes sense to start preparing yourself for it. If you've been indulging in hearty winter foods over the past few months, you might want to make some changes so that you can take to the beach in complete confidence. Here's how to get to that stage ASAP.
Most of us now drive to wherever we need to get to, even when the place we're going to isn't all that far away. If you can walk there, then why not walk there? It will help you to get active on a daily basis, and you will also have the benefit of getting some fresh air rather than being trapped in that metal box on a busy road. It's a simple change that has a big impact.
Convenience is one of those things that can really cause you to become lazy and tale the easy route whenever it appears. That's something that you should fight against, however. If you allow yourself to take the elevator and not the staircase, your fitness problems won't go away anytime soon. Get into healthy habits and don't always look for the quick and easy path.
If you're struggling with your general health and fitness, it might be a good idea to speak to a professional. Your doctor might be able to give you the advice you need to get back on track. Or you could head to a different type of medical professional if you're considering something like vaser liposuction. Either way, getting support with your actions and decisions is always a good thing.
When it comes to improving your diet, eating three balanced meals per day is often the most easy part. What's more difficult is cutting out snacking. However, it's something that you're definitely going to need to work on if you want lose some weight and get in better shape in time for the arrival of summer in a few months time.
You will probably want to start taking better care of your skin if you're planning on showing more of it off during the summer months. Investing in a good moisturiser or body butter you can use to give you the best results all over your body is definitely a good idea. There are lots of options on the market if that's what you're looking for.
Summer is not very far away at all now, so don't fall into the trap of thinking you've still got a long time to work on your beach body. All of the ideas that have been mentioned here are healthy and positive, so you don't need to starve yourself or go overboard when getting yourself ready for summer.
I definitely think it's awesome to workout and do things to feel great about your body, but personally I like to think that everyone has a bikini body, and to get one, you just literally put a bikini on your body and there you go. That's the phrase I always like to follow!
I'm getting my body ready for my holiday! My main concern is ruining my progress while on holiday!
I love how easy these tips are to follow. I totally agree with ditching convenience. It's about changing your mindset to not always take the easy road and once you can do that you're achieving half of the battle! I'm working hard on getting healthy at the moment.


Great work feel very good about how you cleaned!!
I thought she did a better job than the previous Handy.com cleaners i have had - and in LESS time!!! Thanks!
Great job! The house looked and smelled great!
Excellent work! I definitely want to have her again!
Janice does a fabulous job at our home! Always arrives on time and ready to work. Her work is impeccable and she is pleasant and kind.
Jae is always professional and cleans everything to a sparkle. We love her! Thank you Handy!


Hopefully Joe Fontaine the pastor of the Myrtle Street Church of Christ will get it. I know he is from Dallas and not Austin but stranger things have happened. If this makes no sense you aren't a fan of Fried Green Al Quedas and or the RLP. Imagine how conflicted I was when I saw Mark's post.
From my own extensive research I knew the Preacher was actually from Nome Alaska living at 123 Catch Me Lane. I haven't called his 800 number I'm afraid it's a prayer line for Jimmy Swaggert and then my world would fall apart.
That was funny. Mark (Fried Green Al Quedas) wrote me and told me he got some angry email from some people who thought he really had outed me.
No. I'm from deep South Texas. That much is all I will say. Draw a line east and west through Austin and I'm somewhere south of that and north of Mexico.
Yes well I didn't know it was a joke especially when Google turned up Joe Fontaine preaching in Dallas. And Mark would be Coyote the trickster however if you want to claim that alias I have no problem. It works on many levels.
In Australia there is a character named "Lucky Phil" who is everything but lucky. Perhaps I should adopt the handle "Righteous Phil" who is everything but right. Waiting to hear from the real Joe. I wonder if he googles his name?
Feel free to leave a comment. Your email address and IP address are recorded.
Links to your web space will be displayed if you leave one, your email address will not.
If your comment does not post it may be because of my spam filters.
Preview your comment if you wish to check your spelling.


text:
Northern Cycling Incorporated
Member Trade Directory
Activities and Affiliations
AusCycling Trial Rides
Marshal Duty
Entry Fees and Procedures
2021 Race Program (Jan – Jun)
Scratch Race Results
Handicap Race Results
2019 Handicap Results
Home » Results » Handicap Race Results » 2011 Handicap Results » 27.02.11 – Bradley Memorial Handicap Lancefield 60km (77 starters)
27.02.11 – Bradley Memorial Handicap Lancefield 60km (77 starters)
posted in: 2011 Handicap Results	|
1. Tony Zanella (Scr.) 1hr 25.52min – Fastest Time (41.9km/h)
2. Geordie Probert (3 min) @ 0:03
3. Roy Clark (Eastern) (Scr) @ 0:06
4. Simon Bone (Eastern) (Scr)
5. Justin Mollison (Central) (Scr)
6. Andrew Pascoe (Scr) (CV)
7. Tony Giuliano (Scr) @
8. Jamie Goddard (3 min)
9. Paul Logan (Scr)
10. Barry Jane (Central) (6 min) @ 0:07
11. Tim Ferrie (6 min)
12. Martin Keeghan (9:30 min)
13. David Anderson (Eastern) (3 min)
14. Peter Ferrie (Scr)
15. Phillip Goldburg (13 min) @ 0:08
16. Paul Muldowney (6 min) @ 0:11
17. Shayne Kirby (3 min) @ 0:13
18. Neal Collins (16 min) @ 0:15
19. Mark Micallef (3 min) @ 0:16
20. Trevor Redman (3 min)
21. Marcus Speed (3 min)
22. Simon Welsh (Scr) @ 0:17
23. Kos Samaras (Scr) @ 0:18
24. Peter Cooper (3 min) @ 0:19
25. Leigh Kelly (Warrnambool) (Scr) @ 0:26
26. Rod Davies (9:30 min) @ 0:34
27. Richard Dobson (Eastern) (13 min)
28. Leigh-Anne Dynon (13 min) (Central, Female) @ 0:35 – 1st U/P Female
29. David Brown (13 min) @ 0:40
30. Keith Wade (16 min) @ 0:50 – 1st U/P Over 65
31. Darron Anglin (13 min) @ 0:53
32. Pam Robertson (Central) (16 min) @ 1:03
33. Dal O'Brien (16 min) @ 1:09
34. Ken Bone (Eastern) (13 min) @ 1:14
35. David Halliday (16 min)
36. Dave Ryan (20 min) @ 1:16
37. Simon Bol (13 min) @ 1:32
38. Ian Beattie (13 min) @ 2:04
39. Daryl Beovich (Eastern) (9:30 min) @ 3:29
40. Peter Share (9:30 min) @ 3:30
41. Caitlin Chancellor (Female) (33 min) @ 4:07
42. Tony Branchflower (9:30 min) @ 4:08
43. Ray Rhodes (6 min) @ 4:17
44. Evelyn Kloes (Female) (20 min) @ 4:19
45. Colin Morris (6 min) @ 4:20
46. Kevin Bartlett (9:30 min) @ 4:20
47. Tom McDonough (3 min) @ 4:34
48. Rob DeBernardi (9:30 min) @ 4:35
49. Albert Rain (20 min) @ 4:44
50. Shane Bartley (Central) (6 min) @ 4:52
51. Angelo DeFrancesco (33 min) @ 4:55
52. Neil Mathews (36 min) @ 4:56
53. Carl Harris (Central) (3 min) @ 5:12
54. Ollie Kelly (20 min)
55. Ian Flannery (9:30 min) @ 5:13
56. Brian Delaney (20 min) @ 5:14
© 2021 Northern Cycling


All UK drivers should remind themselves of the Highway Code from time to time.
Hundreds of car accidents occur at pelican pedestrian crossings every year, so it is important to remember how to drive safely when you approach one and what exactly the traffic signals mean.
Firstly and most obviously, you must always STOP if the crossing lights show red regardless of whether there is a pedestrian waiting to cross or not.
If the amber light is flashing you must wait and give way to any pedestrians on the crossing.
When the amber light is flashing and there are no pedestrians on the crossing you can then proceed, but with caution.
You must not park on a crossing or in the area covered by the zig-zag lines. You must not overtake the moving vehicle nearest the crossing or the vehicle nearest the crossing which has stopped to give way to pedestrians.
In queuing traffic, you should keep the crossing clear.
You should take extra care where the view of either side of the crossing is blocked by queuing traffic or incorrectly parked vehicles. Pedestrians may be crossing between stationary vehicles.
Allow pedestrians plenty of time to cross and do not harass them by revving your engine or edging forward.
All content is believed to be correct at time of publication.


) to find out if we are in the library lot or at the community center on Main St. or pick up a card with all the info. at the market tent tomorrow.
What a run we've had this summer! Only 2 bad weather days out of 26 -- not too shabby. Of course, on non-market days, the weather really pummeled our farmers. This was the year of Hurricane Irene...and the year you helped us raise $7,000.00 for our flooded farmers. Your extraordinary generosity humbled us. But it did not surprise us.
We really have become a family over the last few years, haven't we?
This year, our family grew - again. In 2011 we brought you old fashioned pie, made from scratch and (with a full-butter crust thank you very much) French crepes (with local pesto, gruyere and ham), Ronnybrook milk, more cheese variety, and gourmet mushrooms & bright purple cauliflower.
It was also a year of particularly good music - our amazingly talented regulars of course, but also some new faces like Ruby Reilly and Phil Joy (they'll open for Milton tomorrow) and Putnam Smith of Maine who serenaded us with his grandfather's banjo.
It's also a time of year when we take stock of what we've got. And what we've got is a community that truly appreciates everything our little market has to offer. And I'm not just talking about the food. I, for one, am so very grateful for that.
Tomorrow: Hummingbird Ranch will be here. So will Guyank Brand hot sauce (I'm thinking turkey sandwiches or meatloaf with hot sauce) and Sarah's Caramella's (with adorable new gift boxes for the holiday host). If you forgot to get your knives sharpened...you can still run up to the Chappaqua Farmers Market tomorrow and get that carving knife ready for the big day. Also: if, for some reason, you cannot shop the market tomorrow, or if you find that you didn't quite get everything you need, we will have a delightful pre-Thanksgiving market on Wednesday in Irvington from 1 to 5 p.m. at the Main Street School parking lot.
Thanks for another great season... See you at the market!
Why go to the mall when you could go to the market?


This filter set is ideal for use with Texas Red® and other red fluorophores, including the monomeric fluorescent protein mCherry. It also works well for broader orange-to-red fluorophores like MitoTracker Red. It is optimized to provide the highest brightness, while maintaining a very high signal-to-noise ratio.


text:
The Dutchman and the Comanche Chief
Quannah Parker and Henry Leuwitt
I've never witnessed a Comanche raid nor have I ever seen the Comanches in battle but I've been told that it's a frightening scene. When the Comanches fought an enemy, either another Indian tribe or a band of white men, they killed eyeryone they could, man women and children. They fought as if they did not fear death. Occasionally they took a few prisoners that they then incorporated into their tribe. They liked having strong women, so in raids into Texas, women that the Anglos might consider good looking were often killed while heavy women were taken prisoner. The other plains Indians, whom they fought against, knew that the Comanches were stone killers and so they often also fought to the last man.
The Comanches, much like the Ancient Spartans, lived for warfare. I learned, from the writings of the early Spanish explorers, that the Comanches began as just a part of the Shoshoni tribe of hunter gatherers who roamed the southern plains, but then they settled down and became the Comanches, after the Spanish introduced them to the horse.
There was an immediate love affair between the Comanches and the horse and they developed into the finest horsemen in the New World and perhaps in the entire world.. They both fought on horseback and hunted the buffalo on horseback. The wealth and status of a Comanche warrior was measured by how many horses he owned.
With their knowledge of riding, they became the fiercest warriors of the all the Native American tribes. Warfare was their lifestyle.. Their children did not play games .They played at learning how to become warriors. The Comanche nations, which consisted of eight separate bands, managed to conquer most of the other plains tribes and either wiped them out or subjugated them. They almost eradicated the Apaches, perhaps the one tribe that could compete with them in battle. They subjugated the proud Kiowas, the Cheyenne and the Arapaho and built a gigantic realm on the southwestern plains.
From my knowledge and studies, of which I will tell your more later, the Comanches were much like the Mongols. They carved a huge empire out of the plains, subjugating most of the other Indian tribes. In the early part of the last century they consistently defeated the white men, both the Mexicans and the Texans,that they came into conflict with.
My feeling was that they could have controlled the entire middle of the United States but for three things – guns, population and their overreliance on bison. They never developed their own superior technology and although they could effectively use the rifles they stole or bought from the white men, they never could match, especially after the Great War between the States, the firepower of the encroaching Americans. The repeating rifle and the Sharps' long buffalo rifle were their complete undoing.
Also they never had the population size to counter the multitude of Anglos. As far as I can determine, there were never more than twenty thousand Comanches. They had eight bands or sub-tribes and lived in Tepees in well set out but temporary villages. These villages were quite large and had streets arranged so that that their horse herds could be moved easily. The wealth and tribal standing of a Comanche warrior was measured by the size of his horse population. The Mongols in their conquests, although less numerous than the people they conquered, the Chinese, the Persians, the Turks and the Arabs, still could attack with armies numbering in the thousands. The Comanches never could. They could hold off the Mexicans and the Spanish who never attacked them with large forces but after the great war, the Texans and the Americans had just too much firepower.
Finally was the Comanche overreliance on the buffalo. Their whole culture depended on the plentifulness of the Buffalo herds. They used the massive number of free ranging bison for food, clothing and building materials. As the Anglos killed the buffalos with their long rifles the main Comanche subsistence was destroyed..
My name is Henry Leuwitt. I was a professor of Classical History at the University of Missouri in Joplin. I was born in 1821, a Dutch New Yorker, and grew up in the Dutch part of New York State. In 1843 as a man of twenty-one years old, I went to Yale University to become a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church, but instead, my interests changed and I studied both classical history and the law. I became a lawyer in Rhinebeck, New York, but I continued my classical studies and wrote extensively about ancient cultures, particularly the Mongols and the Spartans. I was most fascinated by Genghiz Khan and was intrigued by how a primitive culture could conquer much more advanced societies such as the Chinese and the Muslims..
The University of Missouri was a land grant university being built up and funded by the US government, after the end of the Civil War. Based on my writings I was offered a professorship in history at this university. In 1854 I moved to Joplin, Missouri to teach. I began studying the Native Americans in general and the Comanches in particular. I was fascinated by the similarities between the Mongols, the Spartans and the Comanches.
In the great war, I commanded a regiment for the Union Blues and saw action against Confederate bands in Missouri. I earned my reputation as a veteran, loved by the union sympathizers in Missouri and hated by the Rebs.
After the war I was induced by the Republican Party to run for Congress and had a great deal of success, despite the hatred and resistance from the reb sympathizers. There was a great deal of work to be done to rebuild after the war. The tension between those that favored the Union and those that loved the Confederacy lasted well into the 1890's and beyond. We also had to deal with the Klan that I effectively opposed. President Grant was especially vigilant in fighting this vicious organization.
I went on to become a four term congressman at the same time that the US Army began the great Indian wars on the plains and the prairie. There were several theatres of combat in this struggle. The two main areas of warfare in the great plains were up north in Minnesota, Montana and the Dakotas, against the Sioux and the Cheyenne and further south against the Comanches, the Kiowa and the Apaches.
Of course ,as the US Army fought both the Apaches and the Comanches, these two traditional enemies continued fighting each other.
In 1871 the Comanches, with their empire already greatly diminished, began to fight what we called the Red River War. This was in the northern part of Texas and was essentially their last stand.
In 1873, a Comanche medicine man named Isatai persuaded the Comanche bands to gather together for a Sun Dance. This was not a Comanche practice but had been a Kiowa ritual. The bands gathered in May of 73 on the Red River. At this Sun Dance, one of the Comanche Chieftains, Quannah Parker, recruited warriors for raids into what had been their own tribal lands in Texas. Other Comanche chiefs, White Wolf and Big Red Meat, suggested that Quannah Parker should attack the merchants that were killing the buffalo herds. Quannah led a war party of around 250 warriors, composed mainly of Comanches and Cheyennes, against a trading post and fort at Adobe Walls in Texas. Quannah Parker and his band were unable to penetrate the two-foot thick sod walls on the fort and were fought off by the buffalo hide merchants' and their long-range .50 caliber Sharps rifles. This attack started the Red River War which was led on the federal side by Colonel Rufus MacKenzie. After several years of small skirmishes in which there were few casualties there was a decisive Army victory in the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon. Ir was not really a battle but a federal slaughter. In September of 1874 Mackenzie and his troops attacked a large Comanche village at Palo Duro Canyon and killed nearly 1,500 Comanche horses, the main form of the Comanche wealth and power. It was a slaughter much the same as the Sand River Massacre led by General Custer further north against the Lakota.
After Palo Duro the Comache's continued to fight on, but bit by bit, they began to lose. Part of it was the US Army's policy of killing the buffalo. The development of the Sharp's long rifle made it easy for buffalo hunters to shoot the big herds and in a few years they managed to kill millions of bison. It became hard for the Comanche bands to survive
Eventually the final main band of Comanches, called the Antelope band or Khwahadi, in the Comanche language, were forced to surrender and this is where I and Quannah Parker, enter this story.
The leader of the remaining bands of Comanches was a half white, half Comanche warrior called Quannah. His mother, Cynthis Ann Parker, was a Anglo Texas rancher's daughter who had been kidnapped by the Comanches in the 1840's. She was a sturdy young woman, the kind that the Comanches loved. She so associated with the tribe that she adopted the Comanche name Narduah and married a Comanche chief Peta-Necona,, the son of the great chieftain, Iron Jacket. Narduah and Peta-Necona had three children, Quannah, Pecos and a daughter Topsana. . Narduah so completely assimiliated in the Comanche lifestyle, that when she was recaptured by the Texas Rangers and returned to her Anglo family, she refused to return to white ways. She eventually died of disease living with the Texans and Quannah, who had become a great Comanche Warrior, used the Anglo name Parker to honor her. Thus he was known as Quannah Parker,
Quannah lead one final massive attack on the Texans, to try to rout all of the buffalo hunters. When this assault failed, the Red River War wound down and Quannah and the Comanches realized that all was lost. He led his band of Khwahadis to Fort Sill in the Indian territory of Oklahoma and surrendered. A Commission was formed to work out details for the formation of a Plains Indians reservation. One of the main difficulties was that the Apaches, Cheyenee, Kiowa, and Arapahos were all to be housed on the same land as the Comanches. This was not a problem for the Kiowa, the Cheyenne and the Araphos who had been conquered by the Comanches, but it was a problem to have the Apaches living alongside the Comanches. As a respected ex-congressman I was contacted by General Sherman, the Civil War Hero, who commanded the whole US Army in the Indian Wars, to be part of the Commission.
In the fall of 1875, I, now a lawyer, traveled from Joplin to Fort Sill to meet with the Comanche leaders and the other Anglo commissioners. At Fort Sill, in the negotiations I met Quannah Parker.
We commissioners, lived in the barracks of Fort Sill, while the Indian leaders lived in tepees on the fort grounds. The army set up a large conference room for the negotiations to take place. Each morning the Indian leaders would be brought in for the meetings. The Indian leaders were mostly bewildered by the meetings and did not really understand that their lands and lifestyle were being taken away. The Anglo commissioners, though, ignored their confusion, and treated the proceedings as if they were dealing with Europeans. Quannah, though, was different. He studied the whites during the meetings and seemed to develop a grasp of the negotiating process. While the other Indian chieftains approached the negotiations as if they were trading with another tribe, Quannah alone, began to see and understand the Anglo methods.
The Comanche system of government was democratic and the head chieftains were elected by a council from among the greatest and wealthiest warriors. I recognized this as another similarity with the Spartans and the Mongols. Although Quannah was never chosen as the head chieftain of the Khwahadis and certainly not chief of the whole Comanche tribe, it was clear to the commissioners, that he was the leader of the Indians. He alone of the Indian leaders seemed to understand the Anglo world and he could deal with the other commissioners as an Anglo or a European would. The commission appointed Quannah as the Chairman of the Comanches and the Indian representative for the whole reservation.
Quannah had an imposing presence, tall and extremely powerful. Although half white, he was dark skinned from his father and from years living in the blazing sun on the plains. He could have been Mexican or a dark American. Later in his life, after these talks, he dressed only in Anglo attire.
Quannah was shrewd and took every advantage that he could. After we met, I spoke with him often and was impressed by his insightful wisdom. His English, which began at only a basic level, improved as the negotiations proceeded and he was totally fluent by the time the treaty commission concluded. He and I and I became friends, a Dutchman and an Indian, and it was a friendship that would endure for many years. Personally, before Quannah, I knew very few Indians. A few Iroquois came from their reservation in Upstate New York to work on our family farm, but as a young man I looked down at them personally. It wasn't until meeting Quannah that I realized the basic humanity of the Indians. His appointment as the Chairman of the tribes angered the Apaches. The Kiowas, Araphos and Cheyennes accepted this, given the historical strength of the Comanches.
Quannah and I had many conversations during the negotiations and afterwards. He was completely curious about the Anglo ways. It was as if he realized that he could never return to the Comanche lifestyle and he would have to do the best he could in the white world. He asked me many questions. Of particular curiosity to the Comanche part of him was the fact that we were negotiating at all. If the Comanche had won they would kill all their enemies, not negotiate with them. Through the negotiations he began to understand Christianity. Although I think he never believed in the white God he encouraged his people to adopt Christian practices, realizing that the Anglos would be reluctant to be completely cruel to other Christians. Privately I knew that Quannah in his private life perservered as a native Comanche. Although he managed to become a wealthy rancher he still had seven wives. Even though he pushed Christianity onto his tribesmen he practiced the native Comanche religion.
Quannah, as Chairman of the tribes, was a resourceful and effective leader. He negotiated that the Comanches would have water and grazing rights on the reservation, which allowed the Indians to become relatively wealthy ranchers. They leased grazing and water rights to Anglos, something that Quannah had argued for. Quannah himself became perhaps the wealthiest Indian in the Southwest.. He owned a large horse ranch and tied himself to a Texan Anglo named Samuel Butler who also became his friend. Quannah built for himself a large Anglo style ranch house which he called the Star House .He was well-respected by the whites and the other Comanches and he learned the white ways.
After the negotiations I visited Quannah once a year, often bringing my family, to his home in Oklahoma. I learned much about the Comanche lifestyle and philosophy from him and I taught him a lot about the wider world. When his children learned to read and write, Quannah struggled to learned to read and write in English also. I gave him books on history and he liked to refer to himself with my direction as the Genghiz Khan of the Americas..
President Theodore Rooselvet visited him at the Star House and the two of them went hunting together. They also became friends and Teddy Roosevelt visited him several times. It was because of Quannah that Roosevelt formed the Wichita Mountain Reserve as a federally protected land.
Quannh learned about ranching and investments and through Butler's advice he became perhaps the wealthiest American Indian of his day. Nevertheless, for himself, he rejected monogamy as well as Protestant Christianity.
I have just passed eighty years old and the new century has begun. It has been ten years since I last visited Quannah but I hear he is doing well in Cache and I think of him often. It was difficult for the Comanches and the others at the Fort Sill reservation in 1890 when the Oklahoma territory was opened up for settlement but the Comanches have done the best they could. Through Quannah's leadership they have avoided some of the poverty and degradation that have occurred to the nearby and more numerous Navajo.
I look at Quannah in much the way that I might have looked at Genhiz Khan in his later years looking back at what he had conquered. I value the friendship that I had with him.


text:
Q: How to open a URL using browser after scanning QR code in C#? I have created a QR code. I want to open my site after scanning the QR code, but it always only shows text. How can I open a website using a browser after scanning my QR code in C#?
Here is my qrcode.aspx.cs:
using MessagingToolkit.QRCode.Codec;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;

namespace WebApplication3
{
    public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string url= "http://mysite/login.aspx";
            QRCodeEncoder encoder = new QRCodeEncoder();
            encoder.QRCodeScale = 10;
            System.Drawing.Image logo = System.Drawing.Image.FromFile(Server.MapPath("/img/logo.gif"));

            Bitmap img = encoder.Encode(url);
            Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(img);
            int left = (img.Width - logo.Width) / 2;
            int top = (img.Height - logo.Height) / 2;
            g.DrawImage(logo, new Point(left, top));
            img.Save(Server.MapPath("/qrcode/" + url+ ".jpg"), ImageFormat.Jpeg);
            Image1.ImageUrl = "/qrcode/" + url+ ".jpg";
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Everybody loves dressing up for Halloween, even fairies. Here's a pint-size disguise (wink, wink) straight from Pixie Hollow -- a tiny tinker ghost to add to your holiday décor.
1. Cover your work surface with newspaper. Then create a form for the ghost by placing a ball of aluminum foil atop a cardboard tissue tube.
2. Cut two or three 12-inch lengths from the plaster cloth. Working with one piece at a time, dip the cloth in water and gently squeeze out the excess water. Drape the wet cloth over the form and shape the folds as you like. Apply one or two more layers in the same way. Allow the ghost to cure (it usually sets up in a matter of minutes). Then paint the plaster cloth (inside and out) and set it aside to dry.
3. Meanwhile, create Tinker Bell's slippers. Start by covering one side of each thin cardboard square with green duct tape, wrapping the edges of the tape around the cardboard as shown. Or, you can just paint the cardboard green.
4. Fold the sides of the cardboard toward the center so that the corners overlap at the toe, then hot glue them in place. Next, overlap the corners at the heel and hot glue them in place.
5. Use the craft knife to cut two 3-inch lengths from the wooden dowel to use for Tinker Bell's legs. Glue the bottoms of the legs into the slippers. Then trim the fronts and backs of the slippers to create rounded toes and heels. Attach a white gem, bead, or pompom to the toe of each slipper.
6. Join the legs at the top by hot gluing one craft stick across the fronts and another across the back, making sure the soles of the slippers are even.
7. Attach a pinch style clothespin to the center of the craft stick braces. Set the frame aside for now.
8. Print the template and use the pieces as patterns for cutting the shapes from decorative scrapbook paper. Glue the two upper wing sets together with the printed sides of the paper facing out and a pipe cleaner length sandwiched between them.
9. Do the same with the two lower wing sets. Glue the wings to the upper back of the ghost, overlapping the two sets as shown.
10. Use a pencil to lightly outline two small oval eyes on the ghost's face. Then fill in the outlines with black marker.
11. Remove the tube and foil from inside the ghost, and insert the frame in their place. Nestle the ends of the craft sticks between the plaster cloth folds in such a way that the ghost is balanced enough to stand upright on its own (this may take a bit of trial and error). Once the frame is in the right place, hot glue it to the inner ghost in a couple spots. Now your Halloween sprite is ready to display!


text:
Sent Gaudenç (en francès i oficialment, Saint-Gaudens) és un municipi francès del departament de l'Alta Garona, a la regió d'Occitània, situat a 90 km al sud-oest de Tolosa. És seu d'una sotsprefectura del departament. En el cens de 2009, tenia 13.487 habitants, en un territori de 33,18 km².

Fills il·lustres
 Jean-André Rixens (1846-1925) fou un pintor de l'escola de Tolosa.
 Mireia Boya (1979 -) ambientòloga i política catalana. Va ser diputada al parlament de Catalunya per la CUP

Referències

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Deportation Defense
Bridgeport Office
Hartford Office
FREE CONSULTATION 203-416-8891 203-416-8891
Home / Practice Areas / Citizenship
Connecticut Immigration Attorney Counsels on Citizenship
Bridgeport lawyer helps with the naturalization process
The status of citizen of the United States is coveted throughout the world. The right to live freely within the most prosperous nation on Earth and to help relatives to immigrate here as well is a cherished opportunity afforded to very few who desire it. Law Offices of Elio C. C. Morgan understands how fervently my clients long to live the American dream. Drawing on more than 12 years of experience, I help lawful U.S. residents complete the requirements to become full citizens of the United States.
Bridgeport attorney helps establish birthright citizenship
The U.S. Constitution sets the requirement that any person serving as President or Vice-President of the United States must be a "natural-born citizen," but does not define the term. The 14th Amendment declares, "All persons born…in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens…." But is "born in the United States" the complete definition of "natural-born"? Not according to Title 8 U.S. Code § 1401, which lists several circumstances under which children born outside the United States are nevertheless "citizens of the United States at birth:"
Anyone born outside the United States, both of whose parents are U.S. citizens, as long as one parent has lived in the United States
Anyone born outside the United States, if one parent is a citizen and lived in the United States for at least one year and the other parent is a U.S. national
Anyone born in a U.S. possession, if one parent is a citizen and lived in the United States for at least one year
Anyone found in the United States under the age of five, whose parentage cannot be determined, as long as proof of non-citizenship is not provided by age 21
Anyone born outside the United States, if one parent is an alien and as long as the other parent is a U.S. citizen who lived in the United States for at least five years (with military and diplomatic service included in this time)
A person born before 5/24/1934 of an alien father and a U.S. citizen mother who has lived in the United States
Each of these conditions creates an opportunity for a person to establish birthright citizenship, provided the circumstances can be precisely documented. I can assist in gathering the crucial facts to make a compelling case for birthright citizenship.
Connecticut immigration lawyer assists with naturalization
A lawfully-admitted permanent U.S. resident can apply for citizenship through the naturalization process starting at age 18, provided other conditions are met. I can assist you in preparing your application and advancing step-by-step through the naturalization process.
The question of good moral character in naturalization cases
In order to be considered for citizenship, a permanent resident must demonstrate "good moral character." While this does not require a showing of extraordinary virtue, it is a heavily-weighted factor, and even a minor brush with the law can be a major impediment. I understand how the USCIS interprets "good moral character," and can present your story in the best possible light. I am also experienced at having criminal records expunged, and can often accomplish that before the application process begins. With Law Offices of Elio C. C. Morgan supporting your citizenship application, you know you have a reliable legal attorney behind you.
Contact a diligent and dependable Connecticut citizen application attorney
To schedule a consultation with Law Offices of Elio C. C. Morgan at my Bridgeport office, call me at 203-416-8891 or contact me online.
1000 Lafayette Boulevard 11th Floor
Bridgeport, Connecticut 06604
100 Pearl St 14th Floor
Law Offices of Elio C. C. Morgan is located in Bridgeport, CT and serves clients in and around Fairfield, Stratford, Trumbull, Botsford, Southport, Easton, Westport, Shelton and Fairfield County.
See our profile at Lawyers.com or Martindale.com.