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A Comparison of Antibody Arrays and Mass Spectrometry in Protein Profiling and Biomarker Research
May 30, 2019 October 7, 2020 Comments 2 Feedbacks on "A Comparison of Antibody Arrays and Mass Spectrometry in Protein Profiling and Biomarker Research"Arrays, Mass Spectrometry Brianne
Antibody arrays: removal of high abundance proteins is not required, but antibody availability limits protein detection.
Mass spectrometry: "hypothesis-free" protein detection is affected by high abundance proteins and peptide ionization.
Both high throughput technologies are capable of semi-quantitative and quantitative data.
Antibody arrays and mass spectrometry complement each other.
The protein profile reflects current cellular activity, with relevance in disease diagnosis, disease prognosis, and tracking treatment response. Studies comparing proteomic profiles of healthy and diseased patients have led to a paradigm shift in patient care for numerous types of diseases and conditions. CA125 and CA 27.29, for example, are used to monitor treatment in ovarian and breast cancer patients, respectively (Figure 1). [1, 2] The survival rates of HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer patients have increased with the help of HER2-directed immunotherapy. [3, 4] Liver dysfunction can be assessed by measuring the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). [5] Successful resection for hyperparathyroidism is evaluated by measuring the level of parathyroid hormone. [6]
Figure 1. Tumor protein biomarkers are used to screen for cancer patients and monitor their response to treatment.
Extensive protein profiling and biomarker research efforts have resulted in thousands of potential protein biomarkers being identified. [7, 8] However, only a subset of these biomarkers has been validated using orthogonal platforms, and even fewer still (< 25) are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. [8-11] The disconnect between biomarker discovery and biomarker validation has resulted in a lack of sufficient evidence regarding analytical validity and clinical utility. [11, 12]
In this blog, high throughput technology platforms for protein profiling and biomarker research, antibody arrays and mass spectrometry (MS), are discussed and compared. Data from published studies employing antibody arrays and MS are also reviewed, highlighting how using both platforms could streamline the biomarker discovery-validation pipeline to increase the number of clinically-approved biomarkers.
Antibody arrays immobilize capture antibodies to a solid substrate, such as a nitrocellulose membrane, glass slide, or beads (Figure 2, Figure 3). [13, 14] After a blocking step, samples are incubated with the arrays. Nonspecific proteins are then washed off, and the arrays are incubated with detection antibodies. Chemiluminescent or fluorescent signals on membrane- and glass-based arrays are visualized using a chemiluminescent detector or laser scanner, respectively. Bead-based arrays (i.e., Luminex) employ plate-based flow cytometers or fluorescent imagers. Signal is proportional to the amount of protein bound by the capture antibodies. By spotting or labeling different antibodies in an addressable format, protein identification is simple.
Figure 2. Structure of an antibody. The variable regions bind to the antibody's specific antigen. With antibody arrays, the antigen is the protein-of-interest.
Figure 3. Antibody array images. (Left) Chemiluminescent detection of protein signal using a membrane-based array. (Right) Fluorescent detection of protein signal using a glass slide-based array.
The largest antibody arrays on the market, available from RayBiotech, analyze as many as 2,000 human proteins and 800 murine proteins at one time. Various samples types have been successfully used with antibody arrays, including cell supernatant, serum/plasma, synovial fluid, urine, breast milk, and tissue lysate. [15-20] Sample processing is minimal since no denaturation, reduction, alkylation, or digestion are required. Moreover, the arrays are robust to numerous reagents and buffers, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; < 0.1% w/v), thus buffer exchange is rarely required.
Both relative (semi-quantitative) and absolute (quantitative) protein expression can be ascertained with antibody arrays (Figure 4). Semi-quantitative data are obtained with a labeled sample or sandwich antibody approach. For the former, sample proteins are first biotinylated before the sample is added to the array. Proteins bound by the capture antibody are then detected using a horse radish peroxidase (HRP)- or fluorophore-conjugated streptavidin molecule. For the latter, a detection antibody and an HRP- or fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody are employed to detect sample proteins bound by the capture antibody. Quantitation is achieved by comparing the target signal with a standard curve generated from the purified target protein.
Figure 4. Glass-based antibody array (Quantibody®) from RayBiotech. Quantitative antibody arrays are a multiplex ELISA platform.
Arrays employing a nitrocellulose membrane substrate only require a chemiluminescent detector for analysis, a common laboratory instrument used to analyze western blots. Although only one sample can be applied to an array, arrays can be processed in parallel and analyzed simultaneously by placing the membranes side-by-side within the detection window of the chemiluminescent instrument. Compatible laser scanners to analyze glass-based arrays are not as common as chemiluminescent detectors, but they are still routinely used in numerous labs and core facilities (e.g., DNA microarray facilities). Multiple samples can be analyzed per slide by printing identical sub-arrays on the glass and then adhering a multi-well gasket (i.e., one well per sub-array) onto the surface. One sample is applied per well, and then the multi-well gasket is removed prior to signal detection. Both the chemiluminescent detector and laser scanner require minimal training. Bead-based arrays employ flow cytometers or fluorescent imagers that are specifically designed for the arrays. The instruments are more expensive and require more training than chemiluminescent detectors or glass-based laser scanners (Table 1).
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of antibody arrays and mass spectrometry
Number of detected proteins
Up to 2,000 Up to 10,000
Protein detection limitations
Limited by availability of antibodies Limited by sample matrix complexity
Detection of low abundance proteins
Yes Yes, but high abundance proteins may interfere
Detection of proteins-of-interest
Yes, by printing antibodies specific to the proteins-of-interest. Yes, may require target enrichment.
Semi-quantitative data
Yes, with a standard curve produced from diluted purified protein. Yes, using isotopically-labeled peptides or proteins.
Protein or peptide analysis
Proteins. ~6 hours are required to process the samples on the arrays. Peptides, which requires ~6 hours of sample processing for denaturation, reduction, alkylation, and digestion. ("Top-down" MS can analyze intact proteins.)
Analysis time
2 – 20 minutes per sample* 1 – 2 hours per sample*
Semi-automated Automated
Every detected protein is known Every detected protein may not be known
Sample multiplexing**
Chemiluminescent detector ($2k – 15k), Laser scanner ($10k – 50k), or Bead-based scanner ($10k – 100k). Requires minimal to some specialized training. Mass spectrometer ($60k – $1.5 million). Requires extensive training.
Sub-pg/ml to ng/ml; depends on antibody sensitivity Up to fg/ml; depends on upstream sample preparation and instrument
CV < 20% CV < 20%
* Does not consider sample multiplexing.
** Refers to mixing different samples together prior to data collection and analyzing them at the same time (e.g., tandem mass tag).
Perhaps the strongest argument of using antibody arrays lies in its use of antibodies, which allows the detection of low abundance proteins without the removal of high abundance proteins. In other words, the detection of a target protein is independent of non-target proteins. Moreover, antibody arrays can analyze total protein content as well as post translational modifications (PTMs), like glycosylation and phosphorylation. [21]
Paradoxically, antibodies are also the main disadvantage of antibody arrays. First, a protein can only be detected if an antibody to that protein is available and compatible on the array platform. Second, sandwich-based antibody arrays use "paired" capture and detection antibodies that bind to different epitopes on the same target protein. This ultimately limits the throughput of sandwich-based antibody arrays because paired antibodies that are also compatible on the platform are often difficult to identify. Finally, antibody cross-reactivity (i.e., non-specific binding) must be methodically tested between every antibody pair before array panels can be assembled. As such, these antibodies should not be placed on the same array panel with non-target proteins. Not surprisingly, sandwich-based arrays that use paired antibodies to the same target have higher specificity than label-based arrays due to the possibility of antibody crossreactivity.
High throughput antibody arrays are particularly well-suited for protein profiling and biomarker discovery studies. However, smaller antibody arrays are often desired. For example, a researcher may only be interested in a specific protein class type, signaling pathway, or biological function. Hundreds of small pre-made arrays targeting 8 – 60 proteins are offered by RayBiotech that focus on a particular protein type (e.g., matrix metalloprotease), health condition (e.g., bone metabolism), or signaling pathway (e.g., AKT pathway). [22] In addition, small custom antibody arrays can be easily fabricated for biomarker validation as long as the antibodies are available.
MS comes in numerous different flavors, from the ionization technique to the mass spectrometer (e.g., time-of-flight, Orbitrap). In this blog, we will focus on "bottom-up" proteomic analysis via liquid chromatography (LC)-MS because of its widespread use in protein profiling and biomarker discovery studies. [12, 23, 24] Briefly, proteins are denatured, reduced, alkylated, and digested. Peptides are then separated online with LC and then interfaced to the mass spectrometer via electrospray ionization (ESI), during which peptides become ionized. Notably, only charged peptides are measured by the mass spectrometer. In MS/MS, peptides are fragmented into shorter sequences and weighed again for more accurate peptide identification. Using a compiled peptide-to-protein database, each peptide is assigned to a protein based on its mass and fragmentation.
Depending on the upstream sample preparation and matrix, more than 5,000 proteins can be identified with MS in a single analysis. [25, 26] Sample fractionation of proteins or peptides prior to LC-MS analysis simplifies sample complexity and increases protein coverage. Extended online LC or the use of multiple types of proteases during digestion can also improve proteome coverage. [27]
Highly abundant proteins can mask the detection of low abundance proteins by ion suppression, which is a phenomenon where peptide ionization – and therefore the detection of those peptides – is impeded by various factors, including the peptide's amino acid composition, buffer, and presence of other peptide and non-peptide species. [28] In this case, highly abundant proteins may result in the ion suppression of less abundant proteins. Highly abundant proteins can also be problematic during MS/MS analysis when the top-most abundant peptides are selected for additional fragmentation and peptide identification.
Depletion, or removal, of highly abundant proteins using antibody-based affinity columns is primarily applied with serum or plasma samples because the proteome spans over 10 orders of magnitude with only 22 proteins constituting 99% of the total protein content (Figure 5). [9, 29] In one study, 5 protein standards were spiked into human plasma at 4 – 40 µg/ml prior to immunodepletion of the twelve most abundant proteins. [30] Only 1 of the spiked proteins was detected in the bound fraction whereas all 5 proteins were identified in the depleted fraction. Nonspecific binding of the depletion antibodies to less abundant and possibly biologically-relevant proteins may occur. [30] This has led some MS scientists to perform extensive fractionation rather than sample depletion to analyze serum and plasma samples. [31] The downside to this is that the time to process the samples and analyze the data increases proportionally to the number of collected fractions.
Figure 5. Only 22 proteins constitute 99% of the total protein content in serum and plasma.
Protein or peptide enrichment is favored when there are few proteins-of-interest or a protein subset-of-interest. Antibody-based enrichment is primarily used during biomarker validation or clinical assessment when it's important that target detection is not inhibited by the presence of non-target proteins (e.g., via ion suppression). Other types of enrichment, like titanium dioxide, enrich phosphorylated species.
Sample contamination of certain reagents common in the laboratory, such as SDS and polyethylene glycol (PEG), will result in high background as these molecules also become ionized during ESI and suppress the signal of analytes-of-interest. Other reagents that may plug the LC columns or affect sample pH will also affect the data negatively, and must be removed prior to analysis. Buffer exchange is thus often employed. Minimizing keratin contamination from the skin while obtaining and processing the samples is also important.
MS can perform both semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses. Semi-quantitative analyses include mass spectral counting, comparing relative peak intensities, and spiking a mixture of quantified proteins (e.g., Sigma Aldrich's Universal Proteomics Standard 1) into the sample prior to digestion. Absolute quantitation employs an isotopically-labeled peptide representing the peptide-of-interest. [32] During sample analysis, the labeled peptides are then spiked into the sample at a known concentration. Quantification of hundreds of unique peptides within a sample is possible.
As many as 11 samples can be analyzed at the same time using Thermo Fisher's tandem mass tag (TMT) system (i.e., sample multiplexing). In this semi-quantitative approach, peptides from different samples are labeled with a unique isobaric tag. This allows identical peptides from different samples to be eluted from the LC column and analyzed by the mass spectrometer simultaneously.
Technology Comparisons
Both antibody arrays and MS can analyze thousands of proteins in one analysis. Antibody arrays are limited by the availability of good antibodies, yet the panels can be designed to target disease-specific proteins with documented roles in pathologic states. MS is "hypothesis-free" since it does not rely on antibodies and does not make any assumptions regarding which proteins will be of interest. [33] As such, the discovery of truly novel biomarkers is possible with MS; for example, unknown protein isoforms or PTMs for which no purified antibodies exist.
The detection of specific proteins-of-interest is more straightforward with antibody arrays than MS. Protein detection with antibody arrays is not impeded by ion suppression or the presence of non-target proteins. In other words, arrays can reliably measure disease-specific proteins that are typically in low abundance. However, protein detection with MS may require protein enrichment, depletion, or fractionation. Importantly, the protein(s) may still not be detectable after depletion or fractionation. Enrichment, especially for multiple targets, may not be cost- or time-feasible arrays as this requires testing and optimization (e.g., antibodies). In contrast, a targeted approach using commercially-available antibody arrays can be performed within a day. Antibody array pricing depends on the format (i.e., membrane, glass, bead) and number of proteins targeted, but are generally several hundred dollars per array. In one study, cytokines measured by antibody arrays were not detectable by MS in an experiment studying cytokine profiles of exosomes released by T cells infected with a virus. [34]
The time to process proteins for antibody arrays and MS is similar. Only protein is required for antibody arrays, yet processing the samples on the arrays, from array blocking to adding the detection reagent, is ~6 hours. On the other hand, bottom-up LC-MS analysis requires ≥ 5 hours of sample preparation, including protein denaturation, reduction, and digestion. Alkylation, which requires an additional ≥ 30 minutes, may also be performed. The entire processing time can be significantly decreased to minutes with sonication or pressure; however, these methods are not commonly employed. [35, 36] Other procedures, such as buffer exchange, fractionation, depletion, enrichment, and labeling, may also be required.
The instrument and the analysis time differ between antibody arrays and MS. Array data collection per glass slide with a laser scanner is completed within 5 – 20 minutes, depending on the size of the array and the scanning resolution. Data collection with a chemiluminescent detector, an inexpensive and common lab instrument, is even shorter (i.e., < 2 minutes). An advantage of chemiluminescent detectors and laser scanners is that they require minimal training to run. The length of MS data collection for protein profiling and biomarker discovery is, on average, 2 hours per specimen. However, data collection can range from minutes to days depending on the MS set-up and project objectives. Moreover, as many as 11 samples can be analyzed simultaneously. Mass spectrometers are expensive and are operated by researchers with specialized training. For laboratories that lack the training or accessibility to the required instruments, full testing services for antibody arrays and MS analyses are available from core facilities and companies.
Data analysis is quite different between antibody arrays and MS. For antibody arrays, regions-of-interest (i.e., spots) are first identified with array software, and then assigned to the protein target using a GenePix Assigned List (GAL) file. Due to the slight variations in spot deposition during printing, this step is often manual to ensure that the array grid is properly aligned spot-by-spot. Finally, the chemiluminescent or fluorescent signals for each spot are extracted. For MS, a chromatogram of peaks representing peptides and fragmented peptide ions (i.e., parent and daughter ions). The assignment of peptides to proteins using MS software and databases is routinely automated, with minimal manual intervention. However, protein identification is dependent on whether the protein is properly annotated in the protein database (e.g., Mascot) used for MS analyses.
Quantitative data is possible with both antibody arrays and MS. Quantitative antibody arrays are commercially available, with the appropriate reagents to create a standard curve. Spot signal is then extrapolated to the standard curve to determine protein concentration. Quantitative MS analysis is often performed during biomarker validation or assessment using isotopically-labeled peptides. Initial MS optimization to detect the peptides-of-interest can be labor- and time-intensive since the parameters will differ for each peptide. Once these parameters have been determined, they can be applied for routine quantitative analysis.
Platform sensitivity is dependent on various factors for both antibody arrays and MS. Antibody sensitivity largely dictates the sensitivity of the antibody array, ranging from sub-picogram to nanograms per milliliter. To a lesser degree, array sensitivity depends on the detection method (i.e., chemiluminescent, fluorescent, type of fluorophore). Depending on sample complexity and the mass spectrometer, the sensitivity of MS is higher than antibody arrays, measuring as low as femtograms per milliliter.
Data reproducibility is similar between antibody arrays and MS. The inter- and intra-coefficient of variation (CV) for arrays printed at the same time are typically < 20%, although ~10% is often observed. [37, 38] Each protein-of-interest can be analyzed multiple times within an array for more accurate results. Only hundreds of picograms of antibody is deposited per spot, yet it is inevitable that a new antibody lot will be required for large-scale antibody array production. Therefore, a new antibody lot must be tested and compared to previous lots regarding its performance (i.e., sensitivity, specificity). Importantly, the use of calibration curves can help normalize any lot-to-lot variations. Depending on the protein abundance, the CV for repeated MS analyses is also < 20%. [39]
The advantages and disadvantages of antibody arrays and MS are compared in Table 1, with neither platform outshining the other. Antibody arrays are ideal for laboratories with: 1) a limited budget since the detectors or detection are common or cheap, 2) staff with basic laboratory skills since sample processing on both the semi-quantitative and quantitative arrays is simple, 3) an interest in a specific biological process or molecular function, or 4) proteins-of-interest with available antibodies, especially for proteins-of-interest in low abundance.
Antibody arrays and MS used in conjunction with each other can enrich protein profiling and biomarker discovery research. For example, proteome coverage will increase when both platforms are used in parallel during initial screening experiments. Potential biomarkers first identified by MS could be validated using an antibody array. In one study, serological protein profiles of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with and without vasospasm were first analyzed with MS and then antibody arrays. [40] Using this two-pronged approach, 9 protein biomarkers of subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm, and delayed ischemic neurological deficits were first identified with MS and validated with antibody arrays. In other study, MS and antibody arrays helped discover novel cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the lysate and supernatant of CAFs or normal fibroblasts. [41] One CAF biomarker (CCL2) was observed by both platforms, with 5 or 4 biomarkers identified either by MS or antibody arrays, respectively. Notably, the 4 of the 5 unique biomarkers detected by MS were not present on the antibody array. In an experiment studying the protein profile of exosomes released from a mesenchymal stem cell line, a total of 857 proteins were detected using an antibody array and MS. [42] 101 of the 507 proteins measured by the antibody array were detected in the samples. Only 10 of the 766 proteins detected by MS was also detected by the antibody array.
Numerous other MS studies have utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for biomarker validation (Figure 6). Thus, it is worth noting that sandwich-based quantitative antibody arrays are multiplex ELISAs, which require less sample than multiple single-plex ELISA assays.
Figure 6. Image of an ELISA 96-well plate.
In conclusion, antibody arrays and MS both have unique advantages and disadvantages. Rather than one technology being better than the other, the data obtained from both platforms can complement each other in protein profiling and biomarker discovery studies. Moreover, potential biomarkers identified with MS can be validated using antibody arrays.
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Exosomes: A Source of Protein Biomarkers
Recombinant Proteins in Research
2 Feedbacks on "A Comparison of Antibody Arrays and Mass Spectrometry in Protein Profiling and Biomarker Research"
FLORIN GEORGE FRUNZA says:
I am interested in the study of nitrated and aggregated proteins by peroxinitrite.
What metod is the best antibody arrays or mass spectrometry ?
The best method is mass spectrometry. Antibody arrays, which rely on the availability of specific antibodies, largely detect total protein rather than post translational modifications. With that said, there are some antibody arrays that target post translation modifications like phosphorylation and glycosylation. Mass spectrometry, on the hand, will be able to detect protein modifications, such as nitration, without the requirement for an antibody.
Regarding protein aggregation, you could crosslink the proteins and then perform mass spectrometry analyses. There are numerous publications regarding this topic. Protein aggregation cannot be ascertained with an antibody array.
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Trending Issues in Employment Law for Private Fund Managers: Non-Compete Agreements, Intellectual Property, Whistleblowers and Cybersecurity
Attracting, compensating and retaining talented employees is a critical part of a fund manager's business. Managers routinely use non-compete agreements and other measures to ensure that employees do not harm the manager's business when they depart. A recent program presented by EisnerAmper offered an overview of the law of non-compete agreements and insight into other common employment issues that private fund managers face, including portability of track records, status of employees, protection of intellectual property and cybersecurity. Moderated by EisnerAmper director Frank L. Napolitani, the program featured Cole-Frieman & Mallon partner John Araneo. This article highlights the key takeaways from the presentation. For additional insight from EisnerAmper, see our three-part series on how hedge funds can mitigate FIN 48 exposure in certain jurisdictions: Europe (Mar. 17, 2016); China (Mar. 24, 2016); and Australia and Mexico (Mar. 31, 2016); as well as our two-part series on hedge fund audit holdbacks: "Operational Considerations" (Sep. 10, 2015); and "Implementation" (Sep. 17, 2015).
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Lennox air cleaners and filters are some of the most efficient systems available. They range from air purifiers to HEPA filtration systems. These units are installed into the duct work of the HVAC system and use high efficiency filters to purify and remove harmful allergens, dust, bacteria, and other pollutants from your air.
Best sellers are: Lennox X8785 Air Cleaner and Lennox X4914 HEPA-60 .


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Norristown Children's Activity Group Says Thousands of Dollars Missing
By Brad Segall May 28, 2013 at 12:50 pm
Filed Under:ACPPA Community Art Center, Amy Grebe, Brad Segall, embezzlement, KYW Newsradio 1060, Norristown Pa., Paypal
(Photo illustration by Ed Fischer)
By Brad Segall
NORRISTOWN, Pa. (CBS) — A Norristown nonprofit organization that provides creative ways for children to express themselves through art says summer programs for those kids are in jeopardy after money was swiped from the group's bank account.
Amy Grebe, executive director of the ACPPA Community Art Center, believes their Paypal account was hacked earlier this month and nearly $3,000 was diverted elsewhere.
That money, according to Grebe, had been allocated to pay teachers, purchase supplies, and pay for summer camps and art classes.
But now, she says, all that is on hold.
"It could mean that we have to lay off staff," Grebe tells KYW Newsradio. "A couple of people could lose their summer jobs. It could mean that some of our programming that we anticipated doing for camp doesn't happen."
That includes swimming and trips to art museums.
The money was provided by donors and parents to support the children of the Norristown area, to keep them off the streets during the summer months.
Grebe says a mysterious payment was made from the organization's Paypal account to an e-mail address unknown to them.
Norristown police are now investigating.


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Pope Francis Recognizes Armenian Genocide as 'First of 21st Century'
The Pope, in an unprecedented move, has identified the Armenian Genocide as 'the first of the 20th Century'
The leader of the world's Catholics has used the term "genocide" during a Mass commemorating the Armenian Genocide at St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican to describe the mass killing of over 1 million Armenians by the Ottoman Turks
VATICAN CITY — During the month that marks the centennial of the slaughter of over 1 million Armenians by the Ottoman Turkish Empire, Pope Francis exhorted global leaders to join him in acknowledging what he termed the 'first genocide in the 20th century.' Locally, Nicholas Alahverdian worked with an American city that has a history of severe Armenian Genocide denial to acquire a proclamation from that city's Office of the Mayor.
The Holy Father's remarks came during a Mass at St. Peter's Basilica, where many children wore traditional Armenian clothing as Armenian music and hymns were performed throughout the somber service, the altar surrounded by incense.
The words of the global leader of the Roman Catholic Church will almost certainly infuriate Turkey and its prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Conservative estimates found that 1.5 million Armenians were massacred by the Ottoman Turks beginning in 1915, and is widely viewed as the first genocide of the 20th century by scholars.
The daring statements from the Pope, who embraced the Armenian community since his days as a priest in Argentina, scoffed at mincing words. He declared that it was an obligation to respect the souls of murdered men, women, children, and clergy killed by the Ottoman Turks.
Nicholas Alahverdian's Response
Nicholas Alahverdian is a descendent of survivors of the Armenian Genocide
Nicholas Alahverdian, a descendent of survivors of the Armenian Genocide, applauded the Pope's declaration. "This is a monumental moment and one that will ring in both church and world history," Alahverdian said. "We are blessed in this day and age to have a Pope that finally recognizes the gravity of the travesties that occurred so long ago."
Turkey's Betrayal
The Republic of Turkey asserts that the death toll is exaggerated and should not be characterized as a genocide. Its ambassador to the Holy See, Mehmet Paçacı, scrapped a scheduled Sunday press conference after the embassy learned of the nature of the Holy See's position and the papal remarks.
Phones at the Embassy were disconnected. No official statement has yet been provided by the government in Turkey's capital, Ankara.
The Turkish government has actively advocated against the Vatican and numerous other governments and legislative bodies from officially designating the over 1 million murders of Armenians as a genocide.
"Concealing or denying evil is like allowing a wound to keep bleeding without bandaging it."
-Pope Francis
Francis' homily prompted Aram I, the leader of the Armenian Apostolic Church, to thank the Holy Father for his frank assertion that "genocide" is a crime against humanity which necessitates reparation.
The Global Response
Many European nations have acknowledged the legitimacy of the Armenian Genocide. The United States Congress and the President, however, have avoided designating the massacre as a genocide because of its military and diplomatic relations with Turkey, a predominantly Muslim country.
Similarly, the Vatican has also been cautious at times, but expressed relief with specific official actions. Recently, for example, Turkish leaders demanded that clerics denounce the killings of Christians by ISIS in Syria and Iraq.
"International law spells out clearly that condemnation, recognition and reparation of a genocide are closely interconnected."
-Aram I, Leader of the Armenian Apostolic Church
Francis' predecessor, Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI, did not acknowledge the genocide during his papacy.
The context of Francis' pronunciation was significant: he uttered the words during an Armenian rite Mass in St. Peter's Basilica marking the 100th anniversary of the slaughter, alongside the Armenian Catholic patriarch, Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni, Armenian Christian church leaders and Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, who sat in a place of honor in the basilica.
The Pope also spoke of other atrocities that followed the Armenian Genocide, such as the Holocaust and mass killings in nations such as Bosnia and Cambodia.
Also at Sunday's Mass honoring the centenary of the genocide, Pope Francis recognized one Armenian in particular – 10th-century cleric St. Gregory of Narek. An honor which only 35 people in history have received, St. Gregory was named by the Holy Father as a doctor of the church. The designation is given to writers that have served the universal church in a significant way.
Nicholas Alahverdian is a Harvard-educated scholar and political activist. The primary scholarly focus of Nicholas Alahverdian is the intersection of philology, rhetoric, and politics. Alahverdian attended Harvard University where his advisor was Comparative Literature Department chairman John Hamilton. Nicholas Alahverdian is renowned for his work in reforming the Rhode Island human services system and his studies and analysis are cited in local and national media.	View all posts by Nicholas Alahverdian
Posted on September 21, 2018 December 3, 2018 Author Nicholas AlahverdianCategories Nicholas AlahverdianTags Armenia, Armenian Genocide, Christianity, genocide, international news, Islam, News, Pope Francis, Roman Catholic Church, Turkey, Vatican City, war
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A Cannabis Christmas pudding is now available to buy
Caroline Allen
It's a fully legal cake. [Photo: SWNS]
We thought we'd seen everything this Christmas, and by "everything" we mean a £100,000 advent calendar.
But boy, we were wrong.
Lifestyle retailer, Firebox, has just launched a £9.99 CBD Christmas pudding, just in case you need to get a CBD hit whilst eating Christmas dinner with the family.
The cake, which is 100% legal, is marketed as a "healthy and relaxing" Christmas day dessert.
READ MORE: Lindt Pick And Mix is coming
CBD oil has risen to popularity in 2019 for its apparent relaxing anxiety-reducing properties, but as far as the NHS is concerned, there's "no guarantee" that the products available in the UK work or are of good quality.
Nevertheless, this pudding has been designed to "take the worry" out of the festive season.
The brand hasn't just stopped at a CBD Christmas pudding. It's also selling cannabis After Eight chocolates. CBD gummy sweets, CBD spreadable honey and cannabis vodka and gin.
That's quite the selection.
READ MORE: 10-year-old's hilarious Christmas list goes viral
On the website, it tells customers "don't worry, you can't get high" but that it "might make you feel chilled out, though".
It suggests that you can take the stress out of Christmas time by feeding your whole family a slice of cannabis pie.
Well, it's got to be worth a try, right?
READ MORE: How to order your turkey straight from the farm
The spokesperson said: "Made with fresh vine fruits, sweet currants, sultanas and raisins, and not forgetting the all-important CBD, this will be the most unique dessert you've ever tasted."
"The best part is that you don't have to prepare it months in advance. Even the most conservative relatives won't object to you getting a hit of the calming green stuff via this handmade pudding."
Stressed is desserts spelt backwards, after all.
Watch the latest videos from Yahoo Style UK:
Michelle Keegan is a sunkissed goddess in chic bralette and tropical skirt
Michelle Keegan, 35, was amongst the A-listers and royals lucky enough to attend the grand opening of the world's most luxury hotel - Atlantis The Royal in Dubai. The former Coronation Street actress and her husband Mark Wright joined the likes of Rochelle Humes, Lady Amelia Spencer and the Kardashians at the star-studded event, which saw Beyoncé give her first live performance in four years. Sharing a glimpse at the lavish sun-drenched week in paradise, Michelle posted a video for her 6.3 milli
William Shatner and Elizabeth Martin reconcile three years after divorce
William Shatner and Elizabeth Martin have reconciled, almost three years after their divorce.
David and Victoria Beckham's youngest child Harper Seven may only be 11, but the stylish tween is already following in her mother's sartorial footsteps. The young fashionista looked effortlessly cool on her mum's Instagram Story shared on Saturday, rocking a pair of grey straight-leg jeans and an oversized hoodie. Harper's edgy jeans featured daring rips at the knee, while her sporty hoodie was emblazoned with a retro 'Colorado Springs' logo - serving an off-duty model aesthetic. WATCH: Victoria
Are you ready for the big interior trends of 2023 and beyond? Only one way to find out…
Forecasting agency WGSN predicts the future of homes. Consider this your design crystal ball!
The best mattress toppers for a blissful night's sleep
Our top-rated designs to keep you comfortable all night long.
Ruby Stokes on Lockwood & Co's Lucy Carlyle and leaving Bridgerton behind
Ruby Stokes from Netflix's Lockwood & Co opens up about everything from playing Lucy Carlyle and her time at the Brit School, to leaving Bridgerton behind.
Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas have matching tattoos inspired by his proposal
Priyanka Chopra and her husband Nick Jonas have matching tattoos as a tribute to his proposal. In a Pieces of Me video interview with British Vogue, the 40-year-old actress revealed the sentimental significance behind their tattoos. "I have a check and a box behind my ears. My husband has them on his arms because when he proposed, he asked me, that I checked all his boxes, and would I check another one?" she recalled. Priyanka did not reveal her hidden tattoos, but did express her admiration for
My mentor John Hughes taught me how to write. Then he plagiarised my work
In 2022, the acclaimed Australian author was found to have plagiarised whole sentences from Leo Tolstoy and F Scott Fitzgerald. When a former student discovered he was among those greats, his reaction was complicated
Toy trends for 2023: from Lego flower power to Traitors the board game
Show in London gives glimpse of what children – and growing numbers of 'kidults' – will be playing with this year
Paris Hilton welcomes first child
Paris Hilton and her husband Carter Reum have welcomed their first child together. On Tuesday, the 41-year-old heiress shocked her fans by announcing the arrival of her and Carter's baby boy via surrogacy. The socialite shared the news on Instagram, posting a close-up photo of herself holding the newborn's hand. She captioned the photo, "You are already loved beyond words," followed by a blue heart emoji. Paris also confirmed she was now a mum to People, saying, "It's always been my dream to be
The World and All That It Holds by Aleksandar Hemon review – an engrossing epic
Opening in Sarajevo as the first world war is triggered, this magnificent globe‑trotting, century-spanning novel mingles fact with the fabulous


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The IRS has released the inflation-adjusted Code Sec. 280F depreciation limits for business autos, light trucks and vans placed in service by the taxpayer in 2014, as well as the annual income inclusion amounts for such vehicles first leased in 2014.
As of right now, there is no bonus depreciation for vehicles placed in service in 2014.
There are two sets of dollar limits for vehicles placed in service by the taxpayer in 2014. One is for passenger autos that are not trucks or vans and are subject to the luxury-auto limits of Code Sec. 280F (they are rated at 6, 000 pounds unloaded gross vehicle weight or less).
The other is for light trucks or vans (passenger autos built on a truck chassis, including minivans and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) built on a truck chassis) that are subject to the luxury-auto limits (they are rated at 6, 000 pounds gross (loaded) vehicle weight or less).
Certain non-personal-use vehicles are exempt from the luxury auto limits regardless of their weight.
Note: Heavy SUVs—those that are built on a truck chassis and are rated at more than 6, 000 pounds gross (loaded) vehicle weight—are exempt from the luxury-auto dollar caps because they fall outside of the Code Sec. 280F(d)(5) definition of a passenger auto.
The following are the annual depreciation dollar caps for vehicles that are subject to the luxury-auto limits placed in service by the taxpayer in calendar year 2014.
$1, 875 for each succeeding year.
$1, 975 for each succeeding year.
The dollar limits must be reduced proportionately if business/investment use of a vehicle is less than 100%.
Stars & Cars 2014: "Celebrate the Best".
What companies specialize in providing car lease deals?
Companies that specialize in providing car lease deals include your local car dealership. Many car dealerships will often offer deals and promotions in order to attract new customers to lease vehicles.


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Ratusz w Sulmierzycach – wolnostojący, jedyny zachowany w całości drewniany ratusz w Polsce.

Historia
Ratusz wybudowano w 1743 roku, na miejscu starszego z 1647 roku. Data ta do dziś jest widoczna na chorągiewce wieżyczki. . W latach 1956-1957 przeszedł gruntowny remont, w trakcie którego został pokryty gontem. W 1973 ratusz upamiętniono na znaczku pocztowym w serii poświęconej architekturze drewnianej. Budynek odrestaurowano wraz z wnętrzami w latach 1991-94.

Budynek
Niewielki budynek jest jednopiętrowy z trójspadowym podcieniem i galeryjką od strony wejścia, które znajduje się na wysokości pierwszego piętra. Drewniane, o konstrukcji zrębowej ściany ratusza zostały otynkowane. Budynek przekryty został stromym, czterospadowym dachem, krytym gontem i tworzy podcienia, podparte dębowymi wspornikami. Na środku dachu znajduje się kwadratowa wieżyczka zwieńczona blaszanym hełmem.

W ratuszu znajduje się od 1957 założone staraniem Leona Piątka Muzeum Regionalne im. Sebastiana Klonowica, który urodził się w Sulmierzycach. Zbiory obejmują regionalne przedmioty, lampy naftowe, zegary, a także chrzcielnicę.

Przypisy

Sulmierzyce
Sulmierzyce, Ratusz
Obiekty budowlane w Sulmierzycach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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GE summit tackles global water challenge
CROTONVILLE, NY, Nov. 13, 2009 -- Water resources, even in developed nations like the United States, are being threatened by climate change, drought, population growth, waste and the growing demand for energy, which requires enormous amounts of water...
• Business, municipal leaders explore ways to move water reuse initiatives forward
CROTONVILLE, NY, Nov. 13, 2009 -- Water resources, even in developed nations like the United States, are being threatened by climate change, drought, population growth, waste and the growing demand for energy, which requires enormous amounts of water. The United Nations has projected that by 2025, approximately 2.8 billion people around the world will be living in water-scarce areas.
Exploring ways to better protect this precious natural resource is the goal of a GE Leadership Summit on Water Reuse Solutions, "From Used to Useful." Leaders from industry, government and academia have gathered at GE's learning center in Crotonville, N.Y., to discuss the role of water reuse, or recycling, in securing a sustainable water supply for the future.
The summit was launched Thursday evening with addresses by GE Chairman and CEO Jeffrey Immelt and Pennsylvania Governor Edward G. Rendell. The governor has consistently put the environment first, from his promotion of alternative energy sources to current regulations regarding water treatment processes used in the drilling of natural gas reserves.
Today's discussions are focusing on industrial and municipal water reclamation and reuse, exploring three areas critical to moving water reuse initiatives forward: technology, economics and policy.
Speakers include Khoo Teng Chye, chief executive and a board member of Singapore's Public Utilities, who is discussing how -- in the wake of a water shortage, polluted rivers and widespread floods -- Singapore is successfully restoring 30 percent of its wastewater and directing it into the drinking water supply.
"Singapore is a prime example of how the right mix of economics, strong policy and advanced technology can work together," said Mr. Khoo Teng Chye. "Taking on the challenge of water reuse requires efforts in all three areas, and it is our collective effort to see that approach more broadly adopted by industries and municipalities."
Other participants at the summit presenting water reuse success stories include Kathryn Garcia of the New York City Department of Environmental Protection; Gary Darling of Delta Diablo Sanitation District; and Rich Atwater, CEO from Inland Empire Utilities Agency. In addition, David Sunding, professor of economics of the University of California-Berkeley, will set the stage for an exchange of ideas on the economics of water reuse solutions while Lorne Taylor, chairman of the Alberta Water Research Institute, will cover technology advancements. The summit will end with a global policy panel and insight from Commissioner Mike Connor of the U.S. Department of Interior and Ross Young, executive director of Australia Water Services, to name a few.
"As the world faces growing water scarcity challenges, the need for conservation and recycling of water is more important than ever before," said Heiner Markhoff, president and CEO of Water and Process Technologies for GE Power & Water. "The focus of this summit is to bring together the right mix of influencers that are taking an initial stance and demonstrating their vested interests in protecting the future of the environment and ensuring a sustainable water supply."
The participants will continue their dialogue and initiatives beyond the GE summit through an exclusive online community to support the Used to Useful movement. Members will be able to apply their expertise to help develop and raise awareness around sustainable water alternatives that can help solve the challenges of water impurity and scarcity.
About GE
GE is a diversified global infrastructure, finance and media company that's built to meet essential world needs. From energy, water, transportation and health to access to money and information, GE serves customers in more than 100 countries and employs more than 300,000 people worldwide.
GE serves the energy sector by developing and deploying technology that helps make efficient use of natural resources. With 60,000 global employees and 2008 revenues of $38.6 billion, GE Energy www.ge.com/energy is one of the world's leading suppliers of power generation and energy delivery technologies. The businesses that comprise GE Energy - GE Power & Water, GE Energy Services and GE Oil & Gas - work together to provide integrated product and service solutions in all areas of the energy industry including coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear energy; renewable resources such as water, wind, solar and biogas; and other alternative fuels.
For more information, visit the company's Web site at www.ge.com. GE is imagination at work.
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The Value of WWEMA Membership: A Personal Testimonial
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Show Preview: ACE19


This is the last day to drop a class in the 5 week II session of Summer 2019.
This is the withdrawal period (instructor consent required) for individual classes in Summer 2019 (5 week II session).
This is the final exam day for the 10 week and 5 week II sessions of Summer 2019.
Today, final grades will begin to be view-able on MyUNTD for the 10 week and 5 Week II sessions of Summer 2019.


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South Carolina Lemon Law (56-28-10 - 56-28-110)
Passenger motor vehicles including cars, vans, and small trucks.
3 repair attempts or 30 calendar days out of service
South Carolina consumers with lemon vehicles may be protected under either the South Carolina Lemon Law, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (the federal lemon law), or both. Remedies may include refund, replacement or cash compensation such as diminished value and/or incidental and consequential damages. Attorneys' fees also available meaning qualified consumers may receive South Carolina lemon law attorney representation at no cost.
Connect here for a free, no obligation South Carolina Lemon Law case review. In most instances to qualify under a lemon law your vehicle must only have an unreasonable repair history under the warranty, including (but not limited to) 3-4 repair attempts for the same problem, 6 repairs total on the vehicle, or 30 days out of service by reason of repair.
South Carolina Lemon Law (Code 1976, 56-28-10 to Code 56-28-110)
Code 1976, 56-28-10. Definitions.
Code 1976, 56-28-20. Manufacturers to provide annual written summaries of certain motor vehicles; forms; records to be made available; penalties.
Code 1976, 56-28-30. Nonconformity with express warranties; notice required; repairs required.
Code 1976, 56-28-40. Replacement of motor vehicle; refund of purchase price.
Code 1976, 56-28-50. Presumption of attempts to conform; information to be provided to consumers; obligations of manufacturer; costs and attorney's fees; notice requirements.
Code 1976, 56-28-60. Informal dispute settlement procedures.
Code 1976, 56-28-70. Limitation of actions.
Code 1976, 56-28-80. Construction of chapter; reimbursement from dealer prohibited; exception.
Code 1976, 56-28-90. State arbitration board may be established.
Code 1976, 56-28-100. Repurchased vehicles not to be resold; exceptions.
Code 1976, 56-28-110. Notification to subsequent purchasers; penalties for failure to notify.
South Carolina Lemon Law Statutes. Code 1976, 56-28-10. Definitions
"Consumer" means the purchaser or lessor, other than for purposes of resale, of a motor vehicle normally used for personal, family, or household purposes and subject to the manufacturer's express warranty, and any other person entitled by the warranty to enforce the obligations of the warranty.
"Manufacturer" means any person, resident, or nonresident, who manufactures or assembles or imports or distributes new motor vehicles which are to be sold in the State.
"Manufacturer's express warranty" or "warranty" means the written warranty, so labeled, of the manufacturer of a new motor vehicle, including any terms or conditions precedent to the enforcement of obligations under that warranty.
"Motor vehicle" means:
a private passenger motor vehicle, as classified by Section 56-3-630, but excluding the living portion of recreational vehicles and off-road vehicles, which is sold and registered in this State; and
a motorcycle as defined in Section 56-1-10(8), including a motorcycle three-wheel vehicle as defined in Section 56-1-10(18), which is sold and registered in this State.
A "new motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle which has been sold to a new motor vehicle dealer by a manufacturer and which has not been used for other than demonstration purposes and on which the original title has not been issued from the new motor vehicle dealer.
"Nonconformity" means a defect or condition that substantially impairs the use, value, or safety of a motor vehicle, but does not include a defect or condition that results from an accident, modification, or alteration of the motor vehicle by persons other than the manufacturer or its authorized service agent.
South Carolina Lemon Law Rights. Code 1976, 56-28-20. Manufacturers to Provide Annual Written Summaries of Certain Motor Vehicles; Forms; Records to be Made Available; Penalties
Every manufacturer, in a format and a form that must be mailed annually to each manufacturer approved by the Administrator of the Department of Consumer Affairs, shall provide a written summary of all motor vehicles repurchased or replaced under this chapter no less than once each calendar year. In addition, every manufacturer shall make available any paperwork, reports, or other information regarding vehicles subject to this chapter upon request by the administrator. Failure to supply either the written summaries of repurchased vehicles or respond to reasonable requests for information by the administrator subjects the manufacturer to an administrative penalty not to exceed one thousand dollars for each violation which the administrator in his discretion may impose.
South Carolina New Car Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-30. Nonconformity With Express Warranties; Notice Required; Repairs Required
If a new motor vehicle does not conform to all applicable express warranties within the first twelve months of purchase or the first twelve thousand miles of operation, whichever occurs first, and the consumer reports the nonconformity to the manufacturer or its agent during the term of the express warranties, the manufacturer, or its agent, shall make those repairs as are necessary to conform the vehicle to the express warranties at no cost to the consumer, notwithstanding the fact that the repairs are made after the expiration of the term.
South Carolina Automobile Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-40. Replacement of Motor Vehicle; Refund of Purchase Price
If, within the term specified in Section 56-28-30, the manufacturer, through its agents or authorized dealer, is unable to conform the motor vehicle to any applicable express warranty by repairing or correcting any defect or condition which substantially impairs the use, market value, or safety of the motor vehicle to the consumer after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer shall replace the motor vehicle with a comparable motor vehicle, or at its option, accept return of the vehicle from the consumer and refund to the consumer the full purchase price as delivered including applicable finance charges, sales taxes, license fees, registration fees, and any other similar governmental charges, less a reasonable allowance for the consumer's use of the vehicle. Refunds must be made to the consumer and lienholder, if any, as their interest may appear on the record of ownership kept by the Department of Motor Vehicles. A reasonable allowance for use must be that amount directly attributable to use by the consumer before his first report of the nonconformity to the manufacturer, agent, or dealer, and must be calculated by multiplying the full purchase price of the vehicle by a fraction having as its denominator one hundred twenty thousand and having as its numerator the number of miles that the vehicle traveled before the first report of nonconformity. The consumer is not entitled to a refund or replacement if:
the nonconformity does not substantially impair the motor vehicle's use, market value, or safety;
the nonconformity is the result of abuse, neglect, or modification or alteration of the motor vehicle by the consumer.
South Carolina Vehicle Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-50. Presumption of Attempts to Conform; Information to be Provided to Consumers; Obligations of Manufacturer; Costs and Attorney's Fees; Notice Requirements
the same nonconformity has been subject to repair three or more times by the manufacturer, or its agent, within the express warranty term, but the nonconformity continues to exist; or
the vehicle is out of service by reason of repair for a cumulative total of thirty or more calendar days during the express warranty. The term of an express warranty, and the twenty-day period must be extended by any period of time during which repair services are not available to the consumer because of a war, invasion, strike, fire, flood, or other natural disaster.
The manufacturer must provide information regarding consumer complaint remedies with each new motor vehicle. It is the responsibility of the consumer, or his representative, before availing himself of the provisions of this chapter, to give written notification to the manufacturer of the need for the repair of the nonconformity, in order to allow the manufacturer a final opportunity to cure the alleged defect if the manufacturer has clearly and prominently informed the consumer of the requirement of written notification to the manufacturer at the time of sale. The manufacturer, within ten business days, must notify the consumer of a reasonably accessible repair facility of a franchised new vehicle dealer to conform the new vehicle to the express warranty. After delivery of the new vehicle to an authorized repair facility by the consumer, the manufacturer must attempt immediately to repair the vehicle within a period not to exceed ten business days in order to conform the new motor vehicle to the express warranty. If the manufacturer is unable to repair properly the vehicle within the final ten-business-day period, the manufacturer must replace the vehicle with an identical or reasonably equivalent vehicle or refund the purchase price subject to the provisions of Section 56-28-40.
Upon notification from the consumer that the new vehicle has not been conformed to the express warranty, the manufacturer shall inform the consumer if an informal dispute settlement procedure has been established by the manufacturer as enumerated in Section 56-28-60. However, if prior notice by the manufacturer of an informal dispute settlement procedure has been given, no further notice is required.
Any consumer who finally prevails in any action brought under this chapter, may be allowed by the court to recover as part of the judgment a sum equal to the aggregate amount of cost and expenses (including attorney's fees based on actual time expended) and other such costs which are directly attributable to the nonconformity of the motor vehicle determined by the court to have been reasonably incurred by the plaintiff for or in connection with the commencement and prosecution of such action, unless the court in its discretion determines that such an award of attorney's fees would be inappropriate.
All written notifications required by this section shall be sent by registered, certified, or express mail.
South Carolina Used Car Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-60. Informal Dispute Settlement Procedures
If a manufacturer has established an informal dispute settlement procedure which substantially complies with Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 703, or if the manufacturer participates in a consumer-industry appeals, arbitration, or mediation panel or board, whose decisions are binding on the manufacturer, the provisions of Section 56-28-40 concerning refunds or replacement do not apply to any consumer who has not first resorted to those procedures or to the alternate procedure provided in Section 56-28-90.
South Carolina Lemon Law Statutes. Code 1976, 56-28-70. Limitation of Actions
Any action brought under this chapter must be commenced within three years following the date of original delivery of the motor vehicle to the consumer.
South Carolina Lemon Law Rights. Code 1976, 56-28-80. Construction of Chapter; Reimbursement From Dealer Prohibited; Exception
Nothing in this chapter may be construed as imposing any liability on a motor vehicle dealer or creating a cause of action by a consumer against a motor vehicle dealer under Section 56-28-40. The manufacturer shall not charge back or require reimbursement by the dealer for any costs, including, but not limited to, any refunds or vehicle replacements incurred by the manufacturer arising out of this chapter in the absence of evidence that the related repairs had been carried out by the dealer in a manner substantially inconsistent with the manufacturer's published instructions.
South Carolina New Car Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-90. State Arbitration Board May be Established
The Administrator of the Department of Consumer Affairs may establish by regulation a state arbitration board consisting of five members appointed by him to serve at his pleasure. The board shall review matters involving manufacturers that have not created an informal dispute settlement procedure that substantially complies with Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 703. The cost of the arbitration board must be borne by the manufacturer of the vehicle purchased or leased by the consumer.
South Carolina Automobile Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-100. Repurchased Vehicles Not to be Resold; Exceptions
Any vehicle required to be repurchased by a manufacturer under this chapter or any other provision of law relating to motor vehicle warranties may not be resold, reassigned, or retransferred, either at wholesale or retail in this State, unless:
The manufacturer notifies the Administrator of the Department of Consumer Affairs within thirty calendar days, in writing, of the vehicle identification number of that motor vehicle, the reason that the vehicle was repurchased, and provides a statement that all necessary repairs and adjustments have been made and that the vehicle meets acceptable operating standards.
The manufacturer provides a written warranty to the subsequent retail purchaser of the vehicle covering the vehicle for twelve months or twelve thousand miles. The warranty must expressly include any component related to the manufacturer's decision to repurchase the vehicle.
The manufacturer shall disclose to any dealer or other wholesale purchaser of the fact that the vehicle was required to be repurchased under this chapter or another provision of law relating to motor vehicle warranties.
South Carolina Vehicle Lemon Law. Code 1976, 56-28-110. Notification to Subsequent Purchasers; Penalties for Failure to Notify
Each subsequent purchaser must be notified by the seller of the fact that the vehicle was required to be repurchased pursuant to the terms of this chapter or another provision of law relating to motor vehicle warranties. If a seller fails properly to notify a purchaser of the requirements of this section, the department may impose an administrative penalty up to a maximum of five hundred dollars for each vehicle. A seller aggrieved by the action of the department may seek review by filing a request for a contested case hearing with the Administrative Law Court.
C. Tyson Nettles Bar No: 72796 Member, Weisberg Consumer Law Group PA (Managing Attorney Alex Weisberg, Florida Bar No: 0566551)
Mr. Nettles provides Lemon Law representation with Weisberg Consumer Law Group PA and Ms. Dowd litigates cases under federal consumer financial protection laws with Thompson Consumer Law Group.
South Carolina Lemon Law (56-28-10 - 56-28-110) | Columbia Consumer Rights Lawyer


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Ryan Reed is a freelance music/culture writer/editor. He also contributes to Rolling Stone, Relix Magazine, Revolver, Pitchfork, and other publications.
Hear Rick Springfield Front New Version of Badfinger Song
Revamped "Love Is Gonna Come at Last" precedes new Badfinger LP also featuring guest spots from Todd Rundgren and Rick Wakeman.
Watch ZZ Top's Billy Gibbons Reunite With Rhinestone Suit
Guitarist inspects garments, which he accidentally left on a 1974 flight, during recent 'Pawn Stars' episode.
Rush Album Art: The Stories Behind All 19 LP Covers
Decrepit puppet kings, fireball jugglers, dalmatians next to fire hydrants — the band wasn't afraid to experiment with its sleeves.
AC/DC's Angus Young Hasn't Written Music With Axl Rose
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Why Rush's 'The Garden' Feels Like Neil Peart's Symbolic Goodbye
One year after the drummer and lyricist's death from brain cancer, the 'Clockwork Angels' song offers a prescient sense of finality, both for the band and himself.
Bruce Springsteen Teases 'Big Surprise' for Fans in 2021
"I have some projects coming up this year that I won't tell 'cause it's going to be a secret," he told SiriusXM.
How a Stone Sculpture Guided Rush's 'Test for Echo' Cover Art
Through the inspiration of Neil Peart, art director Hugh Syme arrived at an image that symbolized the theme of "finding your way."
How a Real-Life Comet Inspired Rush's 'Vapor Trails' Cover
The story of its fiery artwork — like the album itself — involves tragedy, emotional healing and a bit of magic.
Paul McCartney Ranks Ringo Starr Among Top Three Rock Drummers
The former Beatle lists a trio of percussive giants in an interview with Howard Stern.
Queen's 'News of the World,' Freddie Mercury Get New Funko Series
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Get the Latest News and Information for Free


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LOGAN MIZE STIRS UP IMPRESSIVE RESPONSE TO COME BACK ROAD, AVAILABLE TODAY
News Desk July 28, 2017 Nashville Music Scene w/ Jerry Holthouse 625 Views
More Than 22 Million Streams on Spotify In Support of First Single "Ain't Always Pretty"; Featured on The Bobby Bones Show and Apple Music Playlists
Logan Mize is an artist on the ascent with the numbers to back it up. His 12-track album — produced by Dan Agee— Come Back Road is out today and has already yielded a single demonstrating the power of his songwriting and voice. The full-length Big Yellow Dog Music release can be purchased HERE.
The debut single from the "driving" (Rolling Stone) Come Back Road, "Ain't Always Pretty," was pushed out early this year and has already exceeded 22 million streams on Spotify and has been selected for inclusion on popular playlists on both Spotify and Apple Music. With early support from The Bobby Bones Show, "Ain't Always Pretty" has quickly become the most popular single ever released by Mize. He continues to prove that he is one of the hottest independent artists to watch in country music with cutting-edge success, strong fan feedback and glowing reviews.
"'Come Back Road,' written by Josh Kear, Ross Copperman and Rodney Clawson, benefits from symmetry in the production – a fingerpicked acoustic guitar and Mize's serrated edge vocals give way to a contemporary, thunderous drum loop before returning to the acoustic strums." – Jon Freeman, Rolling Stone Country.
Exclusive premieres were released by Rolling Stone, Taste of Country, The Boot, Lovin' Lyrics and The Shotgun Seat; all eager to be the first to share the music with their followers.
"I'm really blown away by the early response to this album. It's tough to drum up this kind of noise about a release without a major label and country radio airplay," said Mize, adding, "I think the combined support of Spotify and Apple Music along with a decade of playing small town bars across the country has put us in a really great spot. Seeing these songs connect with country music fans in such a big way is a tremendous feeling."
Come Back Road Track Listing:
1. Somebody To Thank (Josh Kear / David Frasier / Ed Hill)
2. Life's a Party (Josh Kear/ Mark Irwin / Chris Tompkins)
3. Cool Girl (Logan Mize / Daniel Tashian)
4. Come Back Road (Josh Kear / Rodney Clawson / Ross Copperman)
5. Better Off Gone (Abe Stoklasa / Donovan Woods)
6. All This Night Needs (Daniel Tashian / Matraca Berg / Dave Berg)
7. Ain't Always Pretty (Brett Warren/ Brad Warren / Chris Stevens / Lance Miller)
8. Drinkin' Buddies (Chris Gelbuda / Kylie Sackley)
9. Bands Make Her Dance (Logan Mize / Rodney Clawson / Luke Dick)
10. Catch a Fish (Mize / Brett Warren/ Brad Warren / Lance Miller)
11. All Time (Luke Dick / Shane McAnally/ Josh Osborne)
12. Big City (Daniel Tashian / Troy Verges)
Logan Mize 2017 Tour Dates:
July 28 – El Dorado, KS – El Dorado Lake
July 29 – Concordia, KS – Cloud County Fair
Aug. 12 – Rossville, KS – Rossville Community Park
Sept. 2 – DuQuoin, IL – DuQuoin State Fairgrounds
Sept. 9 – Thomson, IL – Rebels On The Run Country Music Fest
Sept. 15 – Lincoln, NE – Box Awesome's Bourbon Theatre
Sept. 20 – New York, NY – Mercury Lounge
Sept. 29 – Manhattan, KS – The Hat
Sept. 30 – Hays, KS – The Fox Pavilion
More dates coming soon…
About Logan Mize
Logan Mize is an accomplished country singer/songwriter from Clearwater, Kansas, who has deep musical roots to his family tree. His great uncle was Billy Mize, largely known for crafting and evolving the legendary Bakersfield sound, which included musical pioneers Merle Haggard and Buck Owens. In 2010, several years after moving to Nashville, Logan signed a publishing/record deal with Big Yellow Dog Music and a booking deal with William Morris Endeavor. He spent the next seven years playing seemingly every venue in every town across the U.S. and winning over fans every stop along the way. In 2016, Mize made waves when he booked a solo acoustic tour via social media and traveled more than 20 thousand miles in less than two months in a 1989 Chevy station wagon named "Glenn" running his own sound and lighting performing 2- and 3-hour acoustic shows for fans across the country. Mize is excited for this new chapter and this new, much-anticipated release with Big Yellow Dog Music. For more information, please visit www.loganmize.com and on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.
Previous HOME FREE BRINGS ED SHEERAN'S "CASTLE ON THE HILL" TO LIFE WITH SUMMERTIME NOSTALGIA
Next WIN Two V.I.P. Tickets, Meet Kellie Picker And Ben Aaron!


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Q: Sublime theme modification - What class is this? What class is this within the Default.sublime-theme file?
Thanks in advance!

A: The class is called "tab_control". Check this forum post for more settings to control tab layout.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Domaine des Clos has been started from scratch, the hard way, entirely due to the immense efforts and talents of Grégoire Bichot. These wines have become a fixture in the Armit lists in a very short space of time. Now farmed biodynamically, Grégoire coaxes out the very best from his small holdings in Beaune, Beaune 1er cru and Nuits St Georges and his preference for natural, fruit-driven wines that can be accessed in their youth is absolutely in tune with many Armit clients. We continue to expect great things from this excellent and exciting source in the years to come.


Our new high heel celebrity of the week is Bella Thorne who upped the ante on her fashion game for the Vera Wang's New York Fashion Week show.
The 17-year-old Bella Thorne is quickly putting herself on the map not only with her career, but with her style. The young actress gathered quite a lot of attention at Vera Wang's NYFW show.
Bella's outfit was at the same time simple, stylish and very effective. One of the most distinctive features of her outfit were her thigh high suede boots. They were featuring lace-up tops, very high high heels with medium thickness and low hidden platform. The boots were made by Stuart Weitzman.
The next part of Bella's outfit was her impressive shiny patent leather skirt. It was emblazoned with clear shiny discs. She also wore a simple black top and had opted for flesh-toned makeup, more provocative lipstick and jewels.
Bella was feeling obviously happy and feeling very confident. She took her time to pose for pictures and teased a bit from time to time. According to the Daily Mail, Bella Thorne, along with Kylie and Kendall Jenner and Rita Ora will be the faces of fashion for the time being.


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Embryonic and larval survival of the common frog (Rana temporaria) with particular reference to acidic and limed ponds
Published source details Beattie R.C., Aston R.J. & Milner A.G.P. (1993) Embryonic and larval survival of the common frog (Rana temporaria) with particular reference to acidic and limed ponds. Herpetological Journal, 3, 43-48
This study is summarised as evidence for the following.
Add lime to water bodies to reduce acidification
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A controlled before-and-after study in 1985–1989 of two acidic upland ponds in England, UK (Beattie et al 1993) found that adding limestone resulted in a significant increase in egg and larval survival of common frogs Rana temporaria. Egg survival increased from 0–22 to 69–93% the season after liming, but decreased the following year (93 to 79%). The treated pond had significantly higher egg survival, but also significantly higher numbers of abnormal eggs at day 14 than the control (3.0 vs 2.4%). At least 2% of eggs in limed ponds produced metamorphs. In 1988 and 1989, 20 egg clumps were removed from a pond and each halved. Half was returned to the original pond, which had powdered limestone spread over its surface (250 g/m2; 70 m2). Half were placed in a control pond (160 m2), where frogs had not spawned since 1975. Both ponds received limestone in 1989 (333 mg/L). Eggs were removed at days 7, 14 and 19 and reared in the lab or a container in the ponds. Larvae were counted in ponds in July–August.
Output references
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Big win for the Dolphins.
This was not a thing of beauty in the second half. The Dolphins mostly just survived that half. But they had built a comfortable 20-0 halftime lead that afforded them cushion and, well, a little Dolphins struggles that everyone has sort of become used to from this team.
Those struggles included a fumble by quarterback Ryan Tannehill.
And a center snap from Daniel Kilgore that he basically rolled back to Tannehill and was eventually recovered by the Jets.
But, you see, the Jets are not exactly a championship team right now. So the mistakes were erased by, well, Jets mistakes.
Rookie quarterback Sam Darnold threw two interceptions. The coaching staff basically blew a third down to end the half when they didn't throw the final pass into the Miami end zone despite having the ball at the Dolphins 14 yard line.
The Jets had no timeouts at the time. So the half ran out with the Jets having the ball at the Miami 1 yard line.
Look, this wasn't beautiful for Miami. But I remember a year ago the team came to New York and got blasted.
This uneven win beats that resounding defeat.
The Dolphins offense had some outstanding moments in the first half.
Tannehill looked sharp as he had a 138.5 quarterback rating. He had a 29 yard touchdown pass to Albert Wilson and a 19-yard touchdown pass to A.J. Derby.
But then that Ryan disappeared.
He had a fumble in the second half.
The offense that was humming in the first half suddenly lost it's tune, gaining only 47 yards in the second half until Miami's final drive.
The Miami defense gave up yards. In fact the Jets outgained Miami in the second half.
But Xavien Howard came up with an interception in the end zone. The defensive front pressured Darnold.
It was a solid team effort.
And a solid team win.


Watch the third and final part of our new video, answering the question: what do cows and manure have to do with paint? Get the full story of how we are using waste as a raw material, to create sustainable products.
In the third and final part of the video, you will see how sustainable products goes into the production of paint and coatings, essentially resulting in a reduced carbon footprint and contributing to a circular economy. For a sustainable future, choose wisely. Your choice matters!
Watch the full video below and get the full story of what manure have to do with paint!


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Tom Brady Leaves the State and Cleans Out His Suite at Gillette
A clean suite at Gillette Stadium might be a reason for Patriots fans to be nervous.
The Patriots Had a Rough Weekend
This weekend saw receiver Julian Edelman arrested, the Ravens knocked out of the playoffs, and oddsmakers projecting Tom Brady's next possible destination.
Patriots Fans Should Stop Defending Themselves
Michael Rock says he realized this morning that debating Patriots haters is like talking politics in 2020. It's just a waste of time.
I Think Tom Brady is Retiring at the End of the Season
The longer this season rolls on, the more I think Tom Brady won't be in the NFL for the next one.
Rumor Has It That Tom and Gisele Are Moving to Connecticut
If you were wondering whether or not Tom and Gisele putting their Brookline home on the market meant he was leaving the Pats in 2020, you can rest easy.
Two Philosophical Questions For Tom Brady Fans
A flurry of stories dropped this morning, some by national media, about Tom Brady's plans for the 2020 season. The most detailed and disturbing report came from CBS Sports, who claims that multiple sources close to Brady believe that TB12 is leaning towards the San Diego Chargers if he le…
Man Tries to Steal Brady Jersey, Doesn't Get Far
Another attempt to steal a football jersey worn by Tom Brady, but this time the thief didn't get very far.
The Most Expensive Single-Family Home Listing in Massachusetts
When I found this listing and noticed the home is in Brookline, I thought of only one person: Tom Brady.
Was Tom Poking Fun at Robert Kraft in His Netflix Cameo?
See it for yourself and tell us what you think.
Why Do Women Watch More NFL Football Now Than Ever Before?
Watching NFL football and knowing the game are two completely different things in today's world.


Nightclubs for Over 18 in Washington, D.C.
The Best Time of Year to Travel to Washington, D.C.
In 2009, "Forbes" magazine rated Washington, D.C. the fifth best city for singles in the U.S. for its coolness, ratio of singles to the general population and cost of living. Most of the features that make it a good city for singles to live in also attract single vacationers. Washington's culture, attractions and nightlife remain after the tourists head back home.
Kimpton hotels (kimptonhotels.com) offer contemporary design, evening wine hours and convivial common areas. Hotel George on Capitol Hill is an easy walk from the shops and restaurants of Union Station and the weekend morning crowds of Eastern Market. The hotel offers in-room spa services and welcomes pets. Dupont Circle bustles with activity all day and long into the evening. Bookstores and sidewalk cafes draw locals, and the circle provides a spot to relax at one of the chess tables or listen to a drum circle. The Dupont Hotel (doylecollection.com), and Level Nine, a hotel within the hotel, offer modern design, luxury accommodations and a brasserie with outdoor dining. Budget-minded singles should consider the Washington International Student Center (dchostelcom), a hostel in Adams Morgan with shared dorm rooms and singles.
The U Street corridor was the center of African-American business and culture in the first half of the 20th century. The rooftop deck and cocktail bar at Local 16 (localsixteen.com) provide views of the city's lights and the late night menu features specialty pizzas. Georgetown is the old-timer of Washington nightlife destinations. Bars and restaurants line Wisconsin Avenue and M Street, and the sidewalks are crowded with late night festivity. Rhino Bar & Pumphouse (rhinobardc.com), a sports bar with a focus on football, is open until 3 a.m. on Friday and Saturday. Nightlife in Adams Morgan centers on 18th Street and Columbia Road. Diners linger long into the evening and the bar scene picks up after dark. Bedrock Billiards (bedrockbilliards.com) offers billiards and shuffleboard.
Capitol Hill Bikes (capitolhillbikes.com) and Revolution Cycles (revolutioncycles.com) sponsor regularly scheduled group bike rides ranging from 10 to 30 miles. Both have a "no drop" policy, so beginners don't need to worry about being left behind. A towpath parallels the C&O Canal from Georgetown to Great Falls, Virginia. It's a popular spot for cyclists and hikers, and dog owners stop to chat and admire each other's pooches. Rock climbers and kayakers congregate at Great Falls. During the warm months, pickup games spring up at softball diamonds, basketball courts and volleyball courts around the Mall.
The Kennedy Center (kennedy-center.org) has a broad esplanade overlooking the Potomac River and an indoor roof terrace restaurant serving a three-course prix-fixe menu in an art deco-inspired dining room. Pre-performance cocktails and light fare are served at an intimate bar, and patrons mingle during intermissions. The Warner Theatre (warnertheatre.com) presents a variety of performances, including concerts, comedy shows and theatrical acts. Noon at the National, a free cultural series at the National Theatre (nationaltheatre.org) offers a rotating schedule of lectures in the Helen Hayes Gallery. The Warner and the National are a short walk from the Mall.
Jernigan, Meg. "Vacations for Singles in Washington, DC." Travel Tips - USA Today, https://traveltips.usatoday.com/vacations-singles-washington-dc-39426.html. Accessed 22 April 2019.


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You are at:Home»Uncategorized»Galaxy Note 4: Release may come sooner than we think
Galaxy Note 4: Release may come sooner than we think
By Matt Kinne on July 27, 2014 Uncategorized
Samsung stock has been falling steadily since the release of their other flagship device the Galaxy S5, and they might be taking action sooner than everyone expected. Originally, it was thought that the Galaxy Note 4 would be debuted at the IFA Expo in Berlin, but falling stock has changed that. According to latest rumors, the Note 4's release date has been pushed up to early September rather than late September, or early October.
With releasing the Galaxy Note 4 in early September, they beat out the iPhone 6, and in the world of technology, people don't like to wait any longer than they have to when it comes to upgrading their device. For people who may be on the fence about getting the iPhone 6 or the Note 4, this could be a great move by Samsung that could pay dividends (no pun intended).
One thing that the iPhone has on the Note so far is the leaked images. Leaks get people excited, and they are definitely doing so about the iPhone 6. Supposed iPhone 6 leaks have been steady, but Samsung has been running a tight ship; the world has no idea what the Note 4 will look like. If Samsung previews the device in August, it could tilt the excitement towards the Note 4, and surely their stocks would tilt upwards as well.
With profits at Samsung not matching projections, they are going to need to do something drastic, especially when combating the iPhone 6. Releasing the Galaxy Note 4 in early September before previously expected, could immediately raise stock and most importantly people's excitement. At the end of the day, people's excitement and purchase drive the stocks – not projections.
Nexus 6 leaked in future Google Ad
Android L's official name might be…?
Google testing free video chats with doctors when searching for symptoms


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The recent news that Cambridge United would be buying back the Abbey was greeted with cheers across the City, but how did we get here in the first place, and what does the future hold for the Abbey Stadium?
We've been playing on the current site since 1932, and it feels like there hasn't been much development of the ground since then. The Habbin stand was built with the aid of fans back in 1954, and the Newmarket Road End, a small terrace that only caters for about 1/2 of the width of the pitch came around the same time. The Main Stand was extended down to pitch level in the 1970's with a few rows of hugely uncomfortable bench seats, and the South Stand was built back in 2002, as the first phase of a ground redevelopment that was due to include a hotel and accomodation plus an impressive new frontage onto Newmarket Road. More recently, some paint around the ground, new toilets and an extension to the main stand hospitality suite and a new Portakabin for the club shop has been the extent of the investment in the stadium.
Those who've been following the club for some time will have seen much chat about the possibility of a move away from the Abbey, and even as far back as 1990 the club were researching the possibility although the council could never identify a suitable site. In the late 1990's it was settled upon that we would redevelop the Abbey, moderninsing the stadium so the club could bring in much-needed non-matchday income from conferencing, executive boxes and hospitality, as well as the potential for a hotel behind the NRE. The current South Stand was the first phase of this, replacing the old Allotments End terrace.
Around this time ITV Digital entered the fray, offering Football League clubs large sums of money in exchange for the rights to show matches on TV – the deal was a disaster for all involved and ended up with the channel going into administration, shortly followed by a number of football clubs. After soldiering on for a couple of years, the burden of the uncompleted redevelopment, plus players signed on large contracts expecting healthy TV revenue caught up with United, and we were in big trouble financially.
At this point in stepped board member and property developer John Howard, who purchased the ground for £2,000,000, with chairman Gary Harwood claiming this money would enable the U's to avoid going into administration. Despite vociferous protests at the clubs AGM, and a band of fans travelling to protest outside the homes of Howard and his co-conspirator, the sale was voted through and soon after United fell into administration, and were within minutes of going bust.
Howard charged an unsustainable rent of £200,000 per year, and it was in his best interests for United to go under, freeing up the site for him to develop housing on. We all know that Cambridge United don't give up that easily though, and after surviving those early Conference years Howard eventually realised he wasn't going to kill the U's, and he sold to Grosvenor Estates.
Grosvenor – to give them their due – were decent landlords, and looked to work with the club to find a new home. Various sites were discussed, including Trumpington, Milton, Duxford, Shelford and finally a stadium served by a tram at the edge of the Marshalls site. The City Council, being as useless as they are put paid to the majority of these plans, and once the Mayor of Cambridgeshire cancelled the plan for a tram (that would have connected communities as far as St Neots and Haverhill via a network of tunnels under the City centre, but might just as well have been constructed from a fleet of flying pigs) then it looked like United were out of options again.
We've got some big news dropping at 4pm… 🕓 #CamUTD pic.twitter.com/MrqgU7WsGX
— Cambridge United FC 🇺🇦 (@CambridgeUtdFC) March 8, 2022
Then, in March 2022 the club tweeted to "stay tuned for some big news at 4pm". As most U's fans expected an announcement of a contract extension for one of the players, or a great deal on a crate of Carabao energy drink it actually turned out that majority owner Paul Barry, plus major shareholders Mark Green and Adam Webb had purchased the Abbey Stadium for a fair and reasonable price. What's more, in a heartfelt letter to U's fans where Barry talks about righting the wrongs of the past, he also stated that a Golden Share would be issued to suitable parties to ensure such things can never happen again.
So what does the future hold for the Abbey then? Despite the investment in the ground recently it still needs a hell of a lot of work to bring it up to date, and Barry has made it clear that we shouldn't expect to see any major works in the near future. Hopefully that means the magnificent floodlights are safe for a while yet. On the plus side, it means we keep the Abbey, with all it's soul and character, and it's reasonable location, being just about close enough to the City centre that somewhere out by the A14 wouldn't be.
Years down the line then yes, we will need a capacity increase, and even though the Supporters Club also own a chunk of the land fronting Newmarket Road, we should have enough to increase the size of the Abbey to give us the number of seats we need to establish ourselves at League One/Championship level. Realistically that's probably going to be enough for the time being.
What's important for now though, is despite the actions of John Howard, Gary Harwood, the City Council, every chancer that's come into this club with bad intentions, all those 'fans' that deserted us for Histon in our time of need and everyone else that thought this little club, little old Cambridge, would falter and die is that we're thriving, our future is in our hands and not those of some property developer and all over the City, all over the County as our horrid neighbours crash and burn out of the Championship yet again, you can hear loud and proud: CAMBRIDGE, UNITED, WILL NEVER BE DEFEATED.
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One thought on "Home Sweet Home"
Pingback: U's 2-0 Lincoln: Home Sweet Home – Under The Abbey Stand


When the city of New Bedford, MA, was looking for a design for a memorial honoring the countless fishermen who have called New Bedford their home, Sarah proposed this design and was selected as a finalist.
The design encompasses the strength, fortitude and perseverance of the men and women of the trade, while providing a tranquil and powerful setting for contemplation.
The fisherman awaits an invitation to be cast full size for a suitable public space.
This is a maquette (a small "sketch" sculpture). The plaster maquette is 18" tall. The proposal is for a 16 foot tall figure, with 10 foot codfish, both cast in bronze.
The flat codfish at the base would be cut in local granite and installed as pavers, creating a handsome transition between the grass "deck" and the monument.
The figure faces the sea. The cod held in the fisherman's grip would stand about 6 feet tall. Imagine stepping among the fish and looking out to sea.
The fisherman awaits an invitation to be cast full size for a suitable public seaside space.