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Forecasters sound warning on winter smog(2)
2018-11-15 08:20:55China Daily Editor : Li Yan ECNS App Download
Much work has been done to reduce bulk coal consumption and to close small and poorly managed polluting companies in the cluster. These sources of pollution are relatively easy to control.
A three-year action plan by the State Council, China's Cabinet, has vowed to root out bulk coal consumption in plain areas in the 28 major cities before the heating season begins in 2020.
In Hebei, for example, more than 3.5 million households in rural areas had switched to natural gas or electricity as a heating source by the end of last year. The province plans to complete the shift to clean energy in almost 1.8 million rural households this year, and most of the work has been completed, said Gao Jianmin, head of environmental protection in Hebei.
According to authorities in the province, at least 69,000 poorly managed small factories had been closed by early November last year.
Beijing upgraded its last 28 coal-fired boilers in eight heating supply stations this year. For the coming heating season, instead of coal, all boilers for central heating in the capital will use natural gas, said Zeng Jinghai, deputy director of the atmospheric environment management department at the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment. Zeng added that all boilers for industrial use had shifted to clean energy last year.
He said all rural households in flat areas of the capital, also known as plain areas, will switch to clean energy for heating during the winter, while those in mountainous areas will use clean coal.
Clean coal refers to any technology that may mitigate emissions of sulfur dioxide and other polluting gases that arise from the burning of coal for electrical power.
In late September, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued an air pollution control action plan for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cluster for autumn and winter.
Authorities are also restricting production during the winter to curb emissions.
Instead of setting unified production restrictions on highly polluting industries such as steel and building materials, the plan requires these industries to cut production based on their performances in emissions reduction.
No production restrictions will be imposed on those with outstanding performances in environmental protection and with low emissions.
However, companies that fail to meet the national standard for emissions or who do not upgrade their pollution control facilities as required will be subject to "full restrictions", according to the plan.
Liu, the ministry spokesman, said, "We will make more efforts to introduce policies that can address pollution at the root, and focus on the establishment of a long-term mechanism for emissions reductions."
The Blue-sky Protection Campaign is continuing in the cluster, with officials inspecting companies to root out violations related to air pollution.
The campaign, which also targets the Fenhe and Weihe river plains and the Yangtze River Delta, is running from June 11 to April 28 and involves 18,000 officials, most of them concentrating on the 28 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cluster.
When there is heavy smog, these cities adopt further production restrictions to help alleviate pollution under an emergency response system.
According to a preliminary calculation by the National Joint Research Center on Air Pollution Causes and Control, the production restrictions imposed during recent bouts of haze in the area, including one that lasted from Nov 1 to 4, had worked well. They eased pollution by reducing 15 to 20 percent of particulate matter caused directly by emissions discharges, sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide.
The center warned of an increase in air pollutants as some urban communities began testing heating supply facilities and some rural families started to warm their homes with coal in the first half of this month.
Still vulnerable
He Kebin, dean of the School of Environment at Tsinghua University, said it is "a must" to transform industrial, energy and transportation structures to promote emissions reductions to achieve the final goal of reducing the annual average PM2.5 density to 35 mg per cu m, or even lower.
"We can all see we are enjoying an increasing number of days with blue skies. These blue skies, however, are still vulnerable. Air pollution remains, as does the root cause of it." he told Beijing News in a recent interview.
Despite the occurrence of smog, PM2.5 density has been lower this year than previously and will continue to decline. Previously, heavy smog lasted for three to five days. Currently, the haze usually lasts for a shorter time with moderate pollution levels, said He, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
"We may still have to wait until 2030 to 2035 to have blue skies all the time. This could come earlier, however, if we can accelerate industrial upgrading and energy structure adjustment, and achieve breakthroughs in technology innovation and the use of new energy," he added.
Heavy fog forces closure of expressways in Beijing
Beijing issues yellow alert for air pollution
Heavy pollution expected in greater Beijing area
Major exhibition to commemorate 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up held in Beijing
Cliff village finds fresh water in a cave
Police shooting championship kicks off in Guangdong
World Police Pistol Shooting Competition kicks off in Guangzhou
Chinese-built school in Papua New Guinea to help 3,000 local students go back to schoo
Ancient poetry and paintings found on residential building in Jiangxi
APEC 2018 Int'l Media Centre open to journalists till Nov. 18
Colorful view in Nanjing appeals to visitors
Go players compete in Central China
Ancient beddings from Palace Museum's collection
Massive Antarctic iceberg spotted on NASA IceBridge flight
Dinosaur skeletons reconstructed ahead of Paris auction
Soldiers of Armed Forces of Malta learn Chinese martial arts
Einstein's 1922 letter sells at auction
Autumn scenes at the Shaolin Temple
Yangtze finless porpoises seen at central China's aquarium
Thick fog hits China's cities
President Xi calls for confidence, resolve in reform, opening-up
Photographer captures photos of wild squirrels 'painting' at courtyard
Artist creates 2,000 microscopic carvings in Jilin
Israel faces intense rocket fire from Gaza as Hamas retaliates for botched commando raid
Development of China's telecom industry in 4 decades
Chongqing park offers nighttime panorama
Wintry scenes in Qingzhou, Shandong Province
Henry Moore Mask estimated to fetch over one million pound at auction
Fuxing bullet train joins battle to deliver for Singles' Day
China, PNG hold cultural exchange activities ahead of APEC meeting
Scenery of dawn redwood forest at Luyang Lake Wetland Park
Stan Lee, Marvel Comics' real-life superhero, dies at 95
China's 'artificial sun' achieves temperature of 100 million degrees
China's village gets UNESCO awards for cultural heritage conservation
Men work on the cliff in China's Xinjiang
Port Moresby ready for APEC Leaders' Week
Shaolin Kung Fu show warmly applauded in Houston
Panda cub enjoys play time with mom
Chinese snack Jianbing attracts New Yorkers
China, ASEAN adopt Strategic Partnership Vision 2030
UK PM gets backing from cabinet for Brexit deal
Coordinated moves boost Hainan FTZ
Beijing, ASEAN upgrade FTA protocol
President urges reform in military
APEC meeting to focus on integration, digitization, structural reform
CGTN takes you to mysterious Papua New Guinea


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LQ Call for Papers: Leadership in the Digital Era: Social Media, Big Data, Virtual Reality, Computational Methods, and Deep Learning
Posted on December 23, 2018 by aomdiv
Leadership in the Digital Era: Social Media, Big Data, Virtual Reality, Computational Methods, and Deep Learning
The study of leadership has always evolved, but this is truer than ever before as we transition into the 21st century (Dinh et al., 2014). The rapid evolution in the study of leadership reflects real world realities in geopolitical and institutional change and in particular, the advancement of technology (Kremer, 1993). Hence, we have now entered into a digital era in which leadership itself has changed as well as the means through which we study it.
To date, studies from various disciplines have contributed to our understanding of leadership in the digital era. These contributions have varied from theoretical and practical contributions to methodological advances in the means through which leadership is studied, including close versus distant leadership (Shamir, 1995). In management and applied psychology, research has explored how various forms of leadership facilitate group performance across different types of electronic media (Raghuram et al., 2018). Such research has quite a history in various domains, even leadership. For example, experimental work has investigated the effectiveness of leadership in face-to-face, desktop videoconferencing, or text-based chatting (Hambley, O'Neill, & Kline, 2007; Sosik, 1997). However, this research has not been leveraged sufficiently to better understand the various facets of leadership as a phenomenon.
Advancements have also happened beyond the management and applied psychology fields. As early as the mid-1990s, computer simulations illustrated how bias in performance evaluations adversely affected females as they advanced in leadership pipelines (Martell, Lane, & Emrich, 1996). In political science, novel research has shed light on how politicians have been able to influence their constituents and vice versa via conversations on social media (Barbera et al., 2014). Powered by machine learning and deep learning in particular (LeCun, Bengio, & Hinton, 2015), advancements in computer science, such as social sensing (e.g., analysis of emotional and behavioral cues) and natural language processing, have grown in popularity. For instance, we have gained an understanding of how algorithms can give bosses insight into how their employees are feeling (Waddell, 2016) and research has explored how automatically sensed behavior can predict job performance (Schmid Mast, Gatica-Perez, Frauendorfer, Nguyen, & Choudhury, 2015).
Other fields, such as biology (Gavrilets, Auerbach, & Van Vugt, 2016; Powers & Lehmann, 2014) have also simulated models to study topics such as leader emergence (see also Edelson et al., 2018). In addition, gene-culture coevolution has long relied on models and experiments to examine the hypothesis that humans have evolved both to defer to and to learn from successful, prestigious individuals (Henrich and Gil-White, 2001; Henrich, 2015). The significance of this idea in contemporary leadership studies awaits analysis via computational methods. Economics uses computer mediated experiments to allow for strategic interactions, and clean experimental tests, among players in various social interactions relevant to leadership (for a review see Zehnder, Herz, & Bonardi, 2017). Moreover, the era of big data is upon us, which brings many opportunities and challenges (Wenzel & Van Quaquebeke 2018). By using big data and insights from genetics, pretty soon we will be able to have "as-if" randomized designs harnessing the exogeneity of gene single-nucleotide polymorphism to estimate the causal effect of a phenotype (e.g., intelligence, personality) on outcomes like leadership effectiveness (e.g., see DiPrete, Burik, & Koellinger, 2018; von Hinke, Smith, Lawlor, Propper, & Windmeijer, 2016). The pace of developments in machine learning is such that today, computer algorithms can quickly achieve super-human skills in complex-decision making domains on the basis of first principles and using only self-reinforced learning (Sliver et al., 2018). How can such insights be used to better understand leadership?
Despite the advancements listed above, several questions remain unanswered that provide exciting challenges to be addressed with future research. For instance, how has the introduction of social media provided new opportunities to study leader-follower exchange relationships? In what ways can deep learning be applied to advance our approaches to leadership evaluation? How can artificial intelligence be used to develop leadership skills?
Topics that we will consider for the special issue, include, but are not limited to the following:1. Formal and informal leadership via various digital means, such as social media.
Formal and informal leadership via various digital means, such as social media.
Use of computational social sensing to provide greater insight into responses of leadership behaviors.
Application of technology (e.g., deep learning) for leader evaluation (non-verbal, verbal, appearance), psychometric testing, and leader development.
The generalization of face-to-face (i.e., close) models of leadership generalize to virtual contexts.
Harnessing big data from demographic, psychological, behavioral, or genetic levels, to apply to models of leadership.
Application of nature- or theory-inspired computational models of leadership (e.g., agent-based simulations) to better the leadership process or how leadership evolves over time.
Use of technological innovations (e.g., virtual reality, automated coaching, etc.) to advance leadership training.
Exploiting technology and big data in the context of "natural experiments" (e.g., exogenous shocks, legal interventions) in the study of leadership.
Examining whether evolved social cognition privileges the transmission of information available to leaders, and how this link may drive social dynamics and cultural evolution
Methodological how-to guides concerning the study of leadership in the digital era.
Summary: In this special issue, we would like to see the application of rigorous scientific standards to the study of leadership in the digital era. We intend to publish theoretical and empirical manuscripts, as well as reviews or critiques that will advance our understanding of leadership in the digital era. Specifically, we are interested in research that will help inform basic or applied research and consequently impact policy. In addition to management and psychology research on leadership, we welcome scholarship from other fields including biology, anthropology, computer science, economics, political science, and sociology, among others. Key to success in the submission process is to ensure clear theorizing and operationalization, and, where relevant, well-justified causal claims for empirical papers; creative measurement and designs will be especially welcomed (see Antonakis 2017, pp. 11-16).
Submission Process: Authors can submit their manuscripts starting from 4 September 2019 but no later than the submission deadline of 18 October 2019 (by 15h00 European Central Time), online via The Leadership Quarterly's EVISE submission system at https:// www.evise.com/profile/#/LEAQUA/login
To ensure that all manuscripts are correctly identified for consideration for this Special Issue, it is important that authors select "SI: Digital" when they reach the "Article Type" step in the submission process. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with The Leadership Quarterly's Guide for Authors available on the journal web page. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to The Leadership Quarterly's double blind review process.
Research Data: Research data forms the backbone of research articles and provides the foundation on which knowledge is built. Researchers are increasingly encouraged, or even mandated, to make research data available, accessible, discoverable and usable. Although not mandatory, the journal encourages authors to submit their data at the same time as their manuscript. Further information can be found at: https://www.elsevier.com/authors/author-services/research-data
Antonakis, J. (2017). On doing better science: From thrill of discovery to policy implications. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 5-21.
Allen, D. G., & Vardaman, J. M. (2017). Recruitment and retention across cultures. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 153–181.
Barbera, P., Bonneau, R., Egan, P. Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., Tucker, J. (2014). Leaders or followers? Measuring political responsiveness in the U.S. Congress using social media data.
DiPrete, T. A., Burik, C. A., & Koellinger, P. D. (2018). Genetic instrumental variable regression: Explaining socioeconomic and health outcomes in nonexperimental data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201707388.
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36–62.
Edelson, M. G., Polania, R., Ruff, C. C., Fehr, E., & Hare, T. A. (2018). Computational and neurobiological foundations of leadership decisions. Science, 361(6401), 1-8.
Gavrilets, S., Auerbach, J., & Van Vugt, M. (2016). Convergence to consensus in heterogeneous groups and the emergence of informal leadership. Scientific Reports, 6.
Hambley, L. A., O'Neill, T. A., & Kline, T. J. B. (2007). Virtual team leadership: The effects of leadership style and communication medium on team interaction styles and outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103(1), 1–20.
Henrich, J. (2015). The secret of our success. Princeton: Princeton UP.
Henrich, J. and Gil-White, F. J. (2001). The evolution of prestige: freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22, 165-196.
Kremer, M. (1993). Population growth and technological change: One million B.C. to 1990. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 681-716.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature, 521, 436-444.
Martell, R. F., Lane, D. M., Emrich, C. (1996). Male-female differences: A computer simulation. The American Psychologist. 157-158.
Raghuram, S., Hill, N. S., Gibbs, J. L., & Maruping, L. M. (2018). Virtual work: bridging research clusters. Academy of Management Annals.
Powers, S. T., & Lehmann, L. (2014). An evolutionary model explaining the Neolithic transition from egalitarianism to leadership and despotism. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1791), 20141349.
Schmid Mast, M., Gatica-Perez, D., Frauendorfer, D., Nguyen, L., & Choudhury, T. (2015). Social sensing for psychology: Automated interpersonal behavior assessment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(2), 154-160.
Shamir, B. (1995). Social Distance and Charisma – Theoretical Notes and an Exploratory-Study. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(1), 19-47.
Silver, D., Hubert, T., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Lai, M., Guez, A., et al. (2018). A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play. Science, 362(6419), 1140-1144.
Sosik, J. J. (1997). Effects of transformational leadership and anonymity on idea generation in computer-mediated groups. Group & Organization Management, 22(4), 460-487.
von Hinke, S., Smith, G. D., Lawlor, D. A., Propper, C., & Windmeijer, F. (2016). Genetic markers as instrumental variables. Journal of health economics, 45, 131-148.
Waddell, K. (2016). The algorithms that tell bosses how employees are feeling. The Atlantic.
Wenzel, R., & Van Quaquebeke, N. (2018). The Double-Edged Sword of Big Data in Organizational and Management Research:A Review of Opportunities and Risks. Organizational Research Methods, 21(3), 548-591.
Zehnder, C., Herz, H., Bondardi, J.-P. (2017). A productive clash of cultures: Injecting economics into leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 28, 65-85.
Special issue editors
George C. Banks*, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA
Shelley D Dionne, Binghamton University, Binghamton, USA
Hiroki Sayama, Binghamton University, Binghamton, USA
Marianne Schmid Mast, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
*address correspondence to: George Banks gbanks3@uncc.edu
← JOB: Special Issue Call for Papers: Affect in Organizational Interpersonal Exchange Processes
LQ Call for Papers: Special issue on Social Identity and Leadership →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Free Album Alert!
I really try hard not to double-post on any given day (sorry, Sten-Erik) but when there's free music on the line, all my rules on blogging go out the window.
Four years ago, Phil Wickham released a live recording called Singalong and then gave it away for free (sorry, you probably have to pay for it by now). That album didn't leave my car's CD player for months. The beauty of the album lay in its simplicity: Wickham's voice and acoustic guitar (both funneled through a heavy dose of reverb) and a choir of attendees are the only thing you'll hear in the entire recording. The voices in the crowd are much more emphasized here than on your average live recording, and this immediately drops you in the middle of the worship experience. In fact, four years later, I still find this CD
So while you probably can't find Singalong for free anymore (at least not legally), Phil has just released the sequel: Singalong 2, recorded live on March 30th at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, CA. The formula is the same: Wickham + acoustic guitar + audience = best free album you will find this summer. Get it while it's still free!
By Jared Totten
Jared Totten
Jared is the worship pastor at Redeemer Church in Omaha, NE. Jared moved to Omaha for university, stayed after that for a rock band, and stayed even longer after that for a girl. He tweets for this blog at @cicblog
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Home / Brands / Deste Publications / BOOK – 2000 Words: Josh Smith
2000 WORDS: JOSH SMITH PRICE: 19.80€ Through painting, collage, artist books, sculpture and ceramics, Josh Smith's work is dominated by spontaneous, gestural brushstrokes and vibrant colors, and characterized by systematic processes, replication, and serial repetition. Often using his signature to structure the space of the picture, Smith investigates notions of authorship, authenticity, and originality. Part of the 2000 Words series, conceived by Massimiliano Gioni and published by the DESTE Foundation, 2000 Words: Josh Smith presents the entirety of the American artist's works in the Dakis Joannou Collection and includes an essay by Anne Pontegnie that examines how the artist explicitly seeks to open up a different pictorial space.
© 2022. Developed by Corne / Designed by DesignMatters / Photoshooting Antonis Eleftherakis


the CDT Braxial Components Advantage!
First consider the typical speaker configuration.
The coaxial mounting type and the simple full range speaker also provide simple mounting convenience. However the full range cannot really do the job as asking one speaker to do full range is just too much to ask without major sacrifices. Dispersion, power handling and distortion are just the first three compromised parameters.
The coaxial two-way speaker mounts the Tweeter on an axis ahead of the apex of the main cone. This Tweeter blocks the sound from the main cone as well as producing sound that is always ahead of the main cone. The supporting post utilized in this design must pass through the dust-cap and thus allows dirt to pass into the voice coil gap or requires an extra, restrictive noisy spider to exclude some potential dirt ingress.
The area created between the back of the blocking Tweeter and the apex of the cone forms a resonant cavity that can color the sound from both woofer and Tweeter. The volume of this cavity can vary during long mid/woofer excursions. Response ripple at the crossover frequency can result. The sound from the forward mounted Tweeter is always ³ahead² of the main cone and is never time aligned with this cone. Most coaxial speakers use a cheap single crossover part embedded somewhere in the assembly.
The CDT Audio Braxial design solves these problems. The dust-cap is retained for a clean extended high end from the mid/woofer and positively excludes dirt that may enter from the automotive interior. The Tweeter is not mounted on top of the dust-cap or the apex of the cone. Instead it is placed in the cone area but to the side where it allows the Tweeter to couple strongly to the mid/woofer and to be rotationally placed to time align the woofer dome and the Tweeter. This means there is an area defined by points, which are equidistant to the apex of the cone and the Tweeter diaphragm. Additionally the Tweeter, which itself is angled, may be directed during mounting. Finally one ideal mounting and listening position exists to provide the best of both.
Relative to individual drivers the CDT Audio Braxial design provides a more predictable result in conjunction with the high-quality external matching crossover network. The Braxial assembly uses the same high quality soft dome Tweeter and rubber edged Kevlar mid/woofer as provided in the separate system kit. However the interaction of the sound fields between the Tweeter and mid/woofer in the Braxial allows each driver to accentuate the output of the other. This expresses itself as a broader polar response in the crossover region. Also the enhanced time alignment lends precision and clarity through an improved transient response.
When the drivers are separated and placed at various distances from the listener some of the design precision is taken out of the system. Now the installer may need to adjust the Tweeter level to give the best blend. It may be necessary if the mounting positions are restricted to use the rear speaker sound to correct the front or visa versa.
The polar response in the crossover region is optimized by the CDT Audio Braxial construction. The closer the drivers the wider this response will be.
With individually mounted drivers the individual responses contribute to the reverberant field in a less predictable manner. In the case that the Braxial must be mounted inconveniently low, the CDT-10LP kit can be used to inject a small amount of very high frequencies in an elevated location and in precisely variable amounts to restore extreme high frequency energy and to enhance and raise the image.
Installed design precision is the overall advantage of CDT Audio Braxial based systems.


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Interpreter Staff
Two Ukrainian Soldiers Wounded As Kiev Reports 30 Attacks Yesterday
Ukraine Day 795: LIVE UPDATES BELOW.
Yesterday's live coverage of the Ukraine conflict can be found here.
READ OUR SPECIAL REPORT:
An Invasion By Any Other Name: The Kremlin's Dirty War in Ukraine
Video Shows Heavy Fighting In Maryinka, Near Donetsk
Artem Shevchenko, the Chief of the Department of Communications of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, has tweeted this video of heavy fighting near Maryinka:
fetching tweet…
Earlier we reported that, according to the Ukrainian military, the town has been under attack by snipers and weapons of various calibres.
— James Miller
Savchenko Reportedly To Be Swapped For Aleksandrov And Yerofeyev No Earlier Than End Of May
RBC reports that Russian officials have claimed that Nadiya Savchenko, a Ukrainian military officer abducted and illegally jailed in Russia, will be returned to Ukraine in exchange for Aleksandr Aleksandrov and Yevgeny Yerofeyev, Russian soldiers who were captured by the Ukrainian military in the Donbass, no earlier than the end of May.
RBC was told this by two unnamed sources – a Russian "federal official" and another individual "close to the leadership of the Federation Council."
According to the report, the exchange could only take place once the sentences of captured Russian soldiers Aleksandrov and Yerofeyev, who were convicted on terror charges on Monday, come into effect.
RBC reports that the sentences may not come into effect until mid-May, even though lawyers for the pair have so far declined to file appeals so as to speed up the process.
The source at the Federation Council also suggested to RBC that the Kremlin may pursue the release of several other Russian citizens in exchange for Savchenko.
Nikolai Polozov, one of Savchenko's lawyers, told RBC that the exchange was likely to happen, but is complicated by the fact that, in contrast to more traditional swaps of prisoners of war, Russia denies involvement in the war and claims that Aleksandrov and Yerofeyev had resigned from military service before entering Ukraine.
Earlier today, Polozov, while claiming that the political will was there for an exchange, raised the possibility, in an interview with Ukraine's 5 Channel, that President Vladimir Putin would hold back and try to negotiate a weakening of sanctions against Russia in exchange for Savchenko's release. This would be extremely unlikely, however, with regards to US and EU sanctions.
Another lawyer, Oksana Sokolovskaya, who represents Yerofeyev, told RBC that an agreement on an exchange has indeed been reached, but believes that it will come in the form of a pardon.
Sokolovskaya confirmed that, if negotiations on a swap deal continue to make progress, she and her fellow lawyers will not appeal the Ukrainian court decision. But the ultimate outcome still depends on the choice of Presidents Poroshenko and Putin.
— Pierre Vaux
Two Ukrainian soldiers were wounded yesterday as fighting in the Donbass continued to rumble along, albeit at a reduced pace compared to last week.
According to Colonel Andriy Lysenko, a military spokesman for the Ukrainian Presidential Administration, both soldiers were wounded by enemy fire in the village of Verkhnetoretskoye, northeast of the separatist-held city of Donetsk.
Ukrainian positions in Verkhnetoretskoye were, in addition to neighbouring Avdeyevka, attacked with mortars, grenade launchers and machine guns, claimed the ATO Press Center this morning.
To the west of Donetsk, Ukrainian troops in Maryinka were attacked by snipers, under cover, Colonel Lysenko said, of fire from weapons of varying caliber.
Near Gorlovka, positions in Zaytsevo were shelled with mortars while those to the east near Luganskoye, on the highway between Bakhmut and separatist-held Debaltsevo, came under fire from BMP-1 and 2 infantry fighting vehicles.
In Debaltsevo itself, locals allegedly heard a powerful explosion this morning. According to a 62.ua report, users of a local VKontakte group described hearing a "terrible bang nearby," rattling windows.
62.ua cites residents as saying that the VK group was then closed by the administrators without any explanation. The Interpreter could not find any of the original reports on the site.
Further east, in the Lugansk region, Governor Georgiy Tuka reported that in the early evening, Russian-backed fighters attacked a frontier crossing point outside Stanitsa Luganskaya, northwest of the separatist-held regional capital.
According to Tuka, five grenades were launched at the site, followed by sniper fire, as civilian contractors worked to repair damage inflicted by previous attacks. All workers were evacuated and no casualties are reported.
Tuka's administration reported further attacks on the crossing checkpoint between 21:00 and midnight, conducted with automatic grenade launchers and small arms.
Ukrainian troops also came under small arms fire near the village of Tryokhizbenka, the report said. Viktor Shubets, a military press officer, told the 112 televlsion channel this morning that there had been a follow-up attack, with grenade launchers and machine guns, in this area at around 1 am.
Finally, on the Azov coast, Ukrainian troops in Shirokino came under multiple attacks, with the last reported by Shubets taking place at 3 am today.
Given that the Ukrainian military has suggested that the current lull in fighting is due to a lack of ammunition, it should be noted that Ukrainian military intelligence (GUR) claimed today to have recorded the arrival of a munitions train at Ilovaisk station.
According to the GUR report, the train consisted of six wagons, including two containing ammunition and three with spare parts for military hardware.
Meanwhile the 'defense ministry' of the self-declared Donetsk People's Republic reported 21 attacks by the Ukrainian armed forces.
Interestingly, this video, uploaded this morning, purportedly shows a successful attack by Ukrainian troops on a mortar team, supposedly killing five Russian-backed fighters.
According to comments on another copy of the video, the missiles used by the Ukrainian attackers were Stugna guided anti-tank missiles. No details on the time or location of the attack are given.
Avdeyevka Debaltsevo Donetsk Donetsk People's Republic Lugansk Marinka separatists shelling Shrirokino Stanitsa Luganskaya Tryokhizbenka Ukraine Zaytsevo
2 Ukrainian Soldiers Killed, 9 Wounded; 1 Civilian Wounded, 1 Killed in 2 Days in Donbass
Attacks Along the Front Line Despite 'Easter Ceasefire'
Russia-Backed Forces Attack Troitskoye, Avdeyevka; One Ukrainian Soldier Killed, Two Wounded
2 Ukrainian Border Guards Killed in Mine Explosion; Military Prosecutor Finds 'No Saboteurs' at Ammo Depot


Arthur, W. B. (2013). Complexity Economics: A Different Framework for Economic Thought. SFI WORKING PAPER, 2013-04–012.
Friedman, M. (1953). The Methodology of Positive Economics. In Essays in Positive Economics (Vol. 3). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.
Tesfatsion, L., & Judd, K. L. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Computational Economics. Amsterdam Boston: Elsevier.
Van Valen, L. (1973). A New Evolutionary Law. Evolutionary Theory, 1, 1–30.
Johnson, N. F., Jefferies, P., & Hui, P. M. (2003). Financial Market Complexity. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.


I was dismissed from my duties as a library director with 2 weeks severance pay on Sat., May 21, 2005 by a seven-member-board of elected trustees. I called the library today, Wed., May 25 to inquire when I would receive my severance pay. I was told that a severance check had been prepared for me on the day of my dismissal and that a library board trustee was supposed to have given it to me on the day of dismissal. When am I entitled to my severance pay?
Unless there is a writing to the contrary, you are due all benefits payable to you (vacation, personal days, if payable, etc.) NLT the pay period following your termination.
Sometimes, severance agreements call for the funds being payed out through the life of the agreement but that is not likely for a two week payout.
BTW, if you don't have a written undertaking, you have no enforceable severance agreement. If that is the case, be extraordinarily polite while you chase the "lost" check. We don't want anybody changing their mind.
Is a non-compete agreement valid if it is not co-signed by the company?
What remedies should I consider re my former employer not paying contracted severance pay?
Are contractors entitled to severance?


text:
Native American /
At Standing Rock and Wounded Knee: The Journals and Papers of Father Francis M. Craft, 1888–1890
Edited by Thomas W. Foley Sr. Hardcover, 348 pages. Member discounts do not apply to sale items.
During the turbulent final years of the Indian Wars, a young Catholic priest entered service as a missionary to the Sioux Indians in Dakota Territory. Father Francis M. Craft rode a three-hundred-mile circuit on the Standing Rock Reservation and, in 1890, was a witness to events at Wounded Knee, where he sustained serious wounds. His journals provide valuable insights into reservation life, including the federal acquisition of Sioux lands and tensions between the Catholic Church and the Indian Bureau.
Thomas W. Foley, author of a previous biography of Craft, now presents key selections from Craft's voluminous journals and papers. In addition to documenting significant events, Craft's writings reveal his driven, stubborn personality as he went about his day-to-day routines: performing sacraments, ministering to the sick, even working to create an Indian sisterhood. Sympathetic to Indian traditions, he provides valuable insight into Lakota spiritual life.
By drawing on Craft's eyewitness report of Wounded Knee, Foley offers a bold reinterpretation of that event as a genuine battle rather than a massacre. The volume also features more than twenty illustrations, including two previously unpublished Wounded Knee maps drawn by Craft himself.
Hardcover, 348 pages.
Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850 - 1890
By Gregory F. Michno. Softcover, 444 pages.
American Carnage: Wounded Knee, 1890
By Jerome A. Greene. Hardcover, 620 pages.
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present (softcover)
By David Treuer. Softcover, 528 pages.
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West
By Dee Brown. Softcover, 512 pages.


Pete Seeger was an iconic American folk singer, as well as a political and environmental activist. He started his career in the 1940's and had a series of hit records in the 1950's as a member of The Weavers. "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" is one of Seeger's most well known compositions and has been covered and popularized by many artists including Peter, Paul and Mary, The Brothers Four, Dolly Parton and Annie Lennox, as well as himself. Another Seeger classic is "Guantanamera", a Top 10 hit in 1966 by The Sandpipers, which is Seeger's adaptation of a poem by Cuban writer Jose Marti. The song has since been recorded by dozens of artists and has become an international sing-along staple. Bruce Springsteen recorded Seeger's "Jacob's Ladder" and "My Oklahoma Home" for his Pete Seeger tribute album We Shall Overcome.
Seeger was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993, the Kennedy Center Lifetime Achievement Honor in 1994, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.


We understand that the aged are unable to eat numerous types of meals and those with medical circumstances usually have restricted food selections because of their dietary restrictions. The draw back to everybody figuring out about it, is that you'll have to attend in line quite some time to get your food at lunch. Coffee Drinks-though espresso has many essential health benefits it introduces plenty of carbohydrates into your body. But like all the opposite processed meals products created for revenue and never good health – we don't need a meals product made in a lab.
Forgotten Harvest : $136,000 to help Fresh Food Alliance, a regional program to attach food suppliers with local grocers who will donate meals for distribution that may otherwise go to waste. The merchandise and the claims made about specific products on or by way of this web site haven't been evaluated by the United States Meals and Drug Administration and aren't intended to diagnose, deal with, treatment or forestall disease.
Processed food might not have good consistency by the addition of food additives meals can get glorious consistency. Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on vitamin and health claims made on meals.
We do eat with convenience forgetting that somebody(s) is only excited about revenue and not our health. It has answered quite a lot of questions for me and really helped to educate me on the health and ailments of canine. A healthy dog food weight loss plan needs a mix of those vitamins, in balanced proportions, to supply the energy that are needed to fuel their every day energy needs for progress and the individualized activity of the dog.
Mid-range alcoholic drinks resembling energy drinks add kilos and complicate health. The statements provided on this website are for informational purposes solely and usually are not intended as substitutes for skilled recommendation from a health care supplier or for the knowledge contained on the product themselves.


text:
Q: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details while compiling java program we are getting "Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details".
Why we are getting this error?

A: Probably because you're not using generics properly. Perhaps you're mixing legacy code with generic code.
Here's a quote fro the official trail on type erasure:

Note: WarningDemo.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
This can happen when using an older API that operates on raw types, as shown in the following WarningDemo program:
public class WarningDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Box<Integer> bi;
        bi = createBox();
    }

    static Box createBox() {
        return new Box();
    }
}

I suggest you follow the advice, and add the -Xlint:unchecked option when compiling. This should reveal the which parts of the code that are problematic.

A: This option enables/disables specific warnings. It seems that your code produces these warnings. If you are using IDE as well pay attention on the warning it produces too. It may be very helpful.
And try to do what compiler offers you: just recompile with this option and see what will happen.

A: Probably, that is because you need to declare a List object, say (e.g.), without omitting '<' and '>':
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();

I tried to declare object in stack without  in NetBeans, and NetBeans compiled my code with no error messages. Maybe, things are different with javac compiler.

A: Whenever you compile a Java file that includes a java.util.*; package, it must be  recompiled with -xlint.
Also, Check your jdk version (using java -version). I am sure it must old. Install a new version of Java (like version 7) and you won't get the warning.

A: It could be caused by the jdk version mismatch, not necessarily the old jdk version but any version other than expected can cause this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The irrepressible Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater
Footmen served Egerton's dogs at table with meals on silver platters, which the animals were expected to eat with 'decency and decorum'
© Chronicle / Alamy Stock Photo
A celebrated eccentric, academic and bon viveur, the eighth Earl of Bridgewater, who is buried at Little Gaddesden near the family seat of Ashridge House, left England for an often surreal existence in Paris. On the 260th anniversary of his birth this month, Peter Smith explores his intriguing life
A remarkable sight for Parisians at the end of the 18th century was that of a grand carriage setting out along the rue Saint-Honoré carrying several dogs reclining on silk cushions. When the carriage reached the large public park, the Bois de Boulogne, the dogs were given their daily exercise, and should the weather become inclement, their minders trotted alongside them with umbrellas.
The animals belonged to Francis Henry Egerton, eighth Earl of Bridgewater who was buried in Little Gaddesden in Hertfordshire, near his ancestral stately home, Ashridge.
Educated at Eton and Oxford, the earl forsook life in England to live with his dogs and cats in the French capital - purchasing a luxurous hotel at 335 rue Saint-Honoré, which he renamed Hotel Egerton. Just why he left the family mansion and its vast grounds in Hertfordshire is something of a mystery. While some of his friends said it was due to poor health, there were rumours that the impending birth of an illegitimate child may have been the real reason for his emmigration. His close friends were surprised at his decision to relocate to Paris though, as he regularly spoke of his 'abiding hatred' for the place.
Once there, however, his eccentricities flourished - with his dogs treated very well indeed, some said better than most humans. Each evening they were dressed for dinner by their personal footmen with handmade leather boots on their feet and linen napkins round their necks. They were seated at a table and expected to behave as any gentleman would, that is, 'with decency and decorum' as their meal was served on silver dishes.
On one occasion the behaviour of his two favourite dogs, Bijou and Biche, did not conform to their master's high standards.
'The blackguards have deceived me,' thundered Egerton as he called for his tailor. 'I have treated them like gentlemen and they have behaved like rascals. Take their measure, they shall wear for eight days the yellow coats and knee breeches of my valets and shall stay in the ante-room and be deprived of the honour of seeing me for a week.'
Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, 1756-1829, a British eccentric and supporter of natural theology
The earl's eccentricities included a passion for his own footwear as well as for his dogs'. He wore a different pair every day of the year. Each evening, that day's footwear was taken off and placed neatly beside those worn the previous day. Eventually, a whole room was filled with row upon row, all in correct date order and left in exactly the same state as when he took them off. This, he claimed, enabled him to calculate the date and, also, by the amount of mud and dust on each pair, to check what the weather had been like on any particular day. It never seemed to have occurred to him that keeping a diary would perhaps have been simpler and have taken up considerably less floor space.
Despite his outlandishness, Egerton was certainly no upper class twit. He was a Fellow of both the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries. Along with his dogs and boots, his great love was literature and his considerable fortune enabled him to obtain any volume. If he ever borrowed a book, it was returned in great style, placed in his carriage and escorted by four footmen in magnificent livery to the home of its often surprised owner.
In France it was said that he would only hold conversations in Latin because he never managed to master the intricacies of the French language. Yet, he had some of Milton's works translated into French for the benefit of those in his adopted country and also ammassed an important collection of manuscripts on French and Italian literature. He was a prodigious author in his own right, writing 20 books, several of them on the Bridgewater genealogy.
A predecessor, the third Earl of Bridgewater, built the Bridgewater canal near Manchester to transport coal from his mines - creating the forerunner of the British canal system - and Egerton wrote a pamphlet urging the French to build a similar mode of transport for goods.
Few people got the better of Egerton, not even Napoleon Bonaparte. When Paris was in the process of being redesigned to meet the emperor's vision, many streets were altered. But when Napoleon's men arrived near the Hotel Egerton with the intention of altering the layout of the area, they were quickly sent packing. Later, when the Duke of Saxe-Coburg attempted to requisition the Hotel Egerton, he was met by Egerton himself along with 30 servants, all armed and ready to resist by force if required. Saxe-Coburg backed down.
One summer, Egerton decided that the whole household should move out of Paris to the country for a few months. For several weeks, his servants were engaged in packing all that was required. On the day of departure, no less than 16 luggage carriages and 30 servants on horseback left rue Saint-Honoré led by the earl and his dogs.
The main staircase
But before the day was out his neighbours were amazed to see the grand procession return. The party had stopped for lunch to find the quality of the food and service had not come up to the earl's expectations. He decided he would be better off back at home with all its accompanying comforts.
One thing Egerton did miss from his homeland was the sport of hunting. In his usual grand and unabashed style he overcame this by importing an English huntsman, a pack of English hounds and an English fox. He then organised miniature hunts in the grounds of his hotel, fully decked out in his hunting pink.
The French accepted his strange behaviour, believing it to be nothing more than the normal activity of an English aristocrat. However, in later years, some didn't take kindly to his stocking the grounds with partridge and pigeon and firing of shotguns for a spot of game shooting.
Perhaps it's not surprising, given his obsessions, that the earl never married. When he died in February 1829 he left most of his estate to academic or charitable organisations. His collection of manuscripts, along with £12,000 to ensure they would be properly cared for, went to the British Museum where they remain today. Another £8,000 went to the Royal Society for the composing and publishing of essays on the theme The Goodness of God as manifested in the Creation. The eight works, encompassing a wide range of sciences, are known as the Bridgewater Treatises.
Egerton's will, written four years before his death, also decreed that his house in Paris should be run as if he were still alive for two months after his death. In addition, each servant was to receive a morning suit, cocked hat and three pairs of the best worsted stockings.
The body of the 72-year old was brought back to England and buried in the family chapel at Saint Peter and Saint Paul church. His monument, constructed to his own design, shows a woman with a dolphin at her feet, an elephant at her side and a stork behind. The significance of the woman and the figures remains with the earl, as does why he didn't include any of his beloved booted dogs.


I know you would think I am stupid, a fool or whatever foul name your minds evaporates. But consider if Christmas hadn't fallen on a Tuesday?. Is not my fault if Sunday crept into Tuesday without its permission.
"Baby, you understand me now, if sometimes you see that I'm mad. Don'tcha know that no one alive can always be an angel?"
SSDA 2018 closing date extended.
you must have a dead person. It could be either a relative, a friend or a human you can muster up a tear or two for. Perhaps for his dead self, for the youth that never knew the virginity of old age. Or a handsome face undergoing a natural make up. Or for you or a part of you, that you're sure no longer exist –like your heart.
in a glass cup. Light & fire.
out of schizophrenia a heavenly place.


As the name implies liposculpture is a form of liposuction. The key distinction between these two cosmetic surgeries relates to the amount of fat being removed from a particular body part. Liposuction generally removes a more significant volume of fat. After you've healed the natural contours of your muscles and your skin will determine the new shape of the body part.
In Dr. Randall B. Weil's liposculpture procedure he uses a special tube called a cannula to carefully remove fat from one or more locations to strategically alter the shape of that body part. In a certain light, this makes liposculpture more like an art form than a surgical procedure.
Most liposculpture procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. The size of the area being adjusted the volume of fat being removed, will determine the level of sedation required. A small area like the cheeks, might only call for an injection of local anesthetic. For a larger area, such as the abdomen it might be better for you to be fully sedated.
In either case, it's best to arrange to have a friend or family member drive you home and help you out while you get back on your feet. Dr. Randall B. Weil will explain any other post-operative care requirements, such as the cleaning and care of a potential drainage tube, after your procedure.
If you have an area of your body that needs fat reduction of an improvement in tone, you should call Dr. Randall B. Weil's office in San Francisco, California to set up a consultation session.


text:
Victor Wolfgang von Hagen (* 29. Februar 1908 in St. Louis; † 8. März 1985 in Italien) war ein US-amerikanischer Forschungsreisender, archäologischer Historiker, Anthropologe und Reiseschriftsteller.

Hagen bereiste Lateinamerika zusammen mit seiner ersten Frau Christine und später ebenfalls mit seiner 1951 geheirateten zweiten Frau Silvia (geb. Edzard, später Lawson). In den frühen 1950er-Jahren unternahm er eine zweijährige Forschungsreise auf den Pfaden der alten Inkastraßen Perus und entdeckte dabei die einzige noch erhaltene Hängebrücke dieses Weges. Diese Reise wurde von dem Hamburger Kaufmann Sigmund Gildemeister, dem Großvater Silvias, finanziell ermöglicht und deshalb wurde ihm das Buch "Highway of the Sun" gewidmet.
Zwischen 1940 und 1965 schrieb er eine Vielzahl anerkannter Bücher über die amerikanischen Inka-, Maya- und Azteken-Völker.

Er hatte mit seiner zweiten Frau zwei Töchter. Die Tochter Adriana von Hagen ist heute stellvertretende Leiterin des Museums von Leymebamba (Peru).

Werke
 Alexander von Humboldt
 Off With Their Heads (1937)
 Ecuador the Unknown (1938)
 The Tsátchela Indians of Western Ecuador (1939)
 The Galapagos Islands and Charles Darwin: Notes on an Exhibition at the Bancroft Library (1939)
 Quetzal Quest – The Story of the Capture of the Quetzal, the Sacred Bird of the Aztec and the Mayas (1939)
 Jungle in the Clouds (1940)
 Riches of South America (New World Neighbors) (1941)
 Riches of Central America (New World Neighbors) (1942)
 Paper and Civilization (Scientific Monthly, vol. 57, 1943)
 Mexican Papermaking Plants (Journal of the New York Botanical Gardens, vol. 44, 1943)
 The Jicaque Indians of Honduras (1943)
 The Aztec and Maya Papermakers (1943)
 South America Called Them: Explorations of the Great Naturalists: La Condamine, Humboldt, Darwin, Spruce (1945)
 South American Zoo (1946)
 F.Catherwood 1799-1854 – Architect-Explorer of Two Worlds (1946)
 Maya Explorer: John Lloyd Stephens and the Lost Cities of Central America and Yucatán (1947)
 The Green World of the Naturalists – A Treasury of Five Centuries of Natural History in South America (1948)
 A Guide to Lima, the Capital of Peru (Guides to Peru) (1949)
 A Guide to Cusco (Guides to Peru) (1949)
 A Guide to Sacsahuaman: The Fortress of Cusco (Guides to Peru) (1949)
 Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands: A History (1949)
 Frederick Catherwood, Architect (1950)
 Huancayo and Ayacucho (His Guide to Peru) (1950)
 A Guide to Guayaquil (Guides to Ecuador) (1950)
 A Guide to St Vincent (1950)
 A Guide to Machu Picchu (Guides to Peru) (1952)
 The Four Seasons Of Manuela. A Biography. The Love Story of Manuela Sàenz and Simòn Bolivar (1952)
 Highway of the Sun (1955) – about an expedition of discovery of the ancient roads of the Inca.Deutsche Ausgabe: Heerstraßen des Sonnengottes (Ullstein, Wien 1957) (Dieses Buch widmete V. W. von Hagen dem Großvater seiner Frau Silvia, dem Hamburger Kaufmann Sigmund Gildemeister, der das Projekt finanziell unterstützt hatte – siehe S. 24 in der englischen Ausgabe und S. 23 in der deutschen Ausgabe.)
 A Guide to Cusco and Machu Picchu (Guides to Peru) (1956)
 Realm of the Incas (1957)
 The Aztec: Man and Tribe (1958)
 A Guide to Sacsahuaman: Ollontay-Tambo and Pisac (1958)
 The World of the Maya (1960)
 Maya, Land of the Turkey and the Deer (1960)
 The Ancient Sun Kingdoms of the Americas: Aztec, Maya, Inca (1961) Deutsche Ausgabe: Sonnenkönigreiche (1962, Taschenbuchausgabe 1966)
 The Incas: People of the Sun (1961)
 A Chronological Chart of Pre-Columbian Indian Cultures of the Americas and World Events (1962)
 The Desert Kingdoms of Peru (1965)
 Roman Roads (1966)
 Roads that Led to Rome (1967)
 The Gold of El Dorado: The Quest for the Golden Man (1968)
 The Incas of Pedro De Cieza De Leon (1970)
 Germanic People   Deutsche Ausgabe: Der Ruf der neuen Welt. Deutsche bauen Amerika (Droemer Knaur, München/Zürich 1970)
 als Herausgeber: Pedro de Cieza de Leon. Auf den Königsstraßen der Inkas. Stuttgart: Steingrüben 1971. – Es handelt sich um die Crónicas del Perú des Spaniers Cieza de León; engl. Originalausgabe: The Incas. University of Oklahoma Press 1959.
 Search for the Maya: The Story of Stephens and Catherwood (1973)
 The Germanic People in America (1976)
 The Royal Road of the Inca (1976)
 Jicaque (1977)
 The Sun Kingdom of the Aztecs (1977)
 Cuzco and Machu Picchu (1979) ABC Pocket Guide
 Auf der Suche nach dem Goldenen Mann. Die Geschichte von ElDorado. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1979. ISBN 3-499-17296-8
 Capac ñan, Schicksalsstrasse der Inkas

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Südamerikaforscher
Anthropologe
Autor
Historiker
Reiseliteratur
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1908
Gestorben 1985
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As one family mourns the loss of a 15-year-old who was set to move away from guns and gangs in his neighborhood, another sat vigil Wednesday night for a 14-year-old in critical condition from a gunshot wound to the head.
Fearing that his nephew could end up another name on a long list of dead in the Back of the Yards neighborhood, Juan Hernandez's uncle had arranged to move the teen to his home in Romeoville.
"I told him he would be bored, but he would be doing right," said Oswaldo Tzintzun. "We just wanted to get him out. Kids around here, they're just targets."
Hernandez's fresh start with Tzintzun and his wife was to begin Sunday. But about 8 p.m. Tuesday, the recent 8th-grade graduate was fatally shot by a gunman on a bicycle in the 2000 block of West 49th Place.
Less that 24 hours later and farther south in the West Pullman neighborhood, a 14-year-old was shot in the head as he rode his bike. He had just finished registering for summer classes at Fenger High School on Chicago's Far South Side, family said.
The shooting occurred about 4:45 p.m. at 119th Street and Perry Avenue, police said. Witnesses and neighbors said the boy had just left Perry Food Market and was riding his bike with friends across Perry Avenue when a gunman emerged from some bushes and opened fire.
The boy was in critical condition late Wednesday at Advocate Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn, police said. Family members said the teen was in surgery.
Neighbors said it was the third shooting since Saturday in the block, which they said is the center of a turf battle between rival gangs. Some longtime residents said the violence is worse than they've ever seen.
"I've never seen it as active," said Daryl Williams, who works at Greater Canaan Missionary Baptist Church near where the boy was shot. "We've been trying to do all that we can, but we're running out of options."
Police have no suspects in either shooting, but said Hernandez's slaying may be gang-related.
Hernandez lived with his mother and two younger brothers in the 4900 block of South Seeley Avenue, Tzintzun said. He liked to play pickup baseball and football games and was an average student, Tzintzun said, adding that Romeoville would have meant a safer, happier life.
Tzintzun said his nephew was not involved in gangs, but the teen was aware of the violence in the neighborhood.
"He would tell me about certain things. He would say someone got shot over here," his uncle said.
Ald. George Cardenas (12th), who spoke last week at the graduation ceremony at Hernandez's school, described the area where the teen was shot as polluted with gang activity.
"It's an epidemic," he said in his office Wednesday. "The gangs are stronger than ever. We really haven't done enough."
In another slaying Tuesday, Jose Rivera, 19, was gunned down while walking near a playground in the 3800 block of West 69th Place.
A man burst out of a gangway and opened fire, police said.
Rivera was expecting a child in October with his girlfriend, Genesis Hidalgo.
"He was excited for her to get here," Hidalgo said. "I'm going to talk to her about him all the time."
Rivera had a temporary job, she said, and at one time attended Hubbard High School but did not finish. The day before he was slain, she said, they talked about getting married.
Police said his slaying may be gang-related, but Hidalgo insisted he didn't belong to a gang.
Family members said Rivera was a loving brother and uncle. His mother, Margarita, was so overcome with grief she had trouble speaking. "He's a good person," she managed to say in Spanish between fits of crying.


text:
Andhra CM Jagan meets PM Modi, seeks pending dues
Jagan told Modi that the repercussions of state bifurcation had affected the state's finances badly, and as always, asked him to fulfill assurances made to the state, including special category status.
news Governance Monday, January 03, 2022 - 19:29
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi for about an hour in New Delhi on January 3 and discussed several issues related to the state. Jagan last met the Prime Minister previously in October 2020. At the meeting on January 3, Jagan told the PM that the repercussions of state bifurcation had affected the state's finances badly, and asked him to fulfill assurances made to the state, including giving the state special category status. Jagan also met Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and discussed the same concerns with her too.
Apart from seeking the release of pending grants from the Union government and grant of special category status to the state, Jagan also raised the issue of funds for the Polavaram multipurpose project. He stated that an amount of Rs 18,830.87 crore was due to the state from the Union government for a long time, as the Union government had assured the state back in 2014 that it would plug the revenue deficit. He also sought directions to the Telangana government to pay pending electricity bills to APGENCO (Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation), amounting to nearly Rs 6,284 crore, stating that Andhra's power companies have been facing losses.
Jagan also stated that many people in Andhra Pradesh were not covered under the National Food Security Act. He said that nearly 56 lakh people were therefore being supplied ration by the state government under the PDS (public distribution system), placing an additional burden. He requested the Union government to survey those below the poverty line in the state and cover them too.
Another issue that was covered was tax devolution that is pending from the Union government to Andhra Pradesh. He also objected to the net borrowing ceiling for the state being lowered to Rs 17,923.24 crore by the Union government, and requested that it be raised to Rs 42,472 crore. Jagan also sought renewal of the site clearance approval for the construction of the Bhogapuram international airport in Vizianagaram district. He also asked to ensure that the report on the establishment of a steel plant in Kadapa by MECON Limited be expedited.
In March 2021, CM Jagan wrote a letter to the Prime Minister seeking the latter's appointment to discuss various options to revive the fortunes of the Navaratna company (Vizag Steel Plant). Jagan said he would lead a delegation of all-party leaders and representatives of trade unions (to the Prime Minister) to represent to him directly the concerns being expressed by the people of Andhra Pradesh, employees and various stakeholders on the proposed Vizag Steel Plant strategic disinvestment issue. There was, however, no follow-up action on that, even as the opposition parties and trade unions in the state have been mounting pressure on Jagan to vigorously pursue the issue with the Union government and stall the steel plant privatisation.
With PTI inputs


Media entrepreneur and political strategist Adebola Williams have reacted to the postponement of the election and poor treatment of youth corpers who are being used as ad-hoc staff by INEC.
Sharing the photos below, he wrote, 'more than the postponement is this physical and mental abuse on Nigerians in every way, by every government, at every level'.
'Sometimes it's almost as if there's a clear strategy from the Leaders to ensure the people hate Nigeria, causing so much hardship at every turn which forces people to disconnect and not care about anything including who leads them or collective good, rather focus on personal success which includes migration.
The sense of helplessness you feel at this 2 am out in the cold on an assignment to serve your country is almost an automatic conclusion of hopelessness in the possibility of a working Nigeria. So if you ever wonder why Nigerians struggle to be excellent within Nigeria, are cynical and removed, can easily join in on Internet scam and all the ills, this is it INEC if you keep saying you were prepared, take a look at these photos and get the answer right there.
They deserve better. Nigerians deserve an announcement 24 hours at the least. A leader should have made the projection, then the call. Doing it at 3am doesn't communicate preparedness, it's bad leadership.
Shut up joor,, to earn above 50k for been a PO at the elections. Just for a day job? Corpers been dey complain bcos elections was postponed?
You get 50k minimum for been a presiding officer(PO) or (APO) for a day!!..


text:
Q: Reflection of the Flutter FutureBuilder Change With FutureBuilder, I'm doing a listing process by making an api get request. Again, I update a field by making put request on the same screen.
How can I update this changed field in the UI? I want the change I made to be shown immediately.
FutureBuilder(
                future: futurePosts,
                builder: (context, snapshot) {
                  if(snapshot.hasData) {
                    return ListView.builder(
                      itemCount: snapshot.data.length,
                      shrinkWrap: true,
                      itemBuilder: (context,index) {
    Container(
                                    width: MediaQuery.of(context).size.width * 0.55,
                                    child: Column(
                                      children: [
                                        Text(snapshot.data[index].title, style: TextStyle(fontWeight: FontWeight.bold, fontSize: 17, height: 2.1, decoration: snapshot.data[index].isCompleted ?  TextDecoration.lineThrough : TextDecoration.none),),
                                        Text(snapshot.data[index].content, style: TextStyle(color: Colors.grey, height: 2),)
                                      ],
                                      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
                                    ),
                                  ),

isCompleted = false normally. It is true when I click the button. And when the text is true, it is crossed out. When I renew the application, the text is crossed out. How can I do this when I clicked the button?


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Linda Loveland Reid
Writer :: Painter :: Theater Director
Touch of Magenta
Something in Stone
THEATER DIRECTOR
Linda Loveland Reid is freelance writer for Sonoma Discoveries Magazine.
The following article and others can be seen with photographs online at Sonoma Discoveries.
New Dignity for Old Growth
(published Dec 31, 2015)
How can a five ton redwood root feel warm, even personal? If you want to experience the feeling of nature, power and amazement all at the same time, visit sculptor Bruce Johnson's exhibit, "Root 101."
I met Bruce Johnson at the three acre Wells Fargo Center for the Arts Sculpture Garden, greeted by Outburst, one of his 16 massive works on display. Outburst is an old growth redwood stump turned upside down, tendrils skyward, the root lovingly crafted smooth, its mammoth trunk opening to balance four large copper balls, a twenty foot log thrust through the center, all producing an artistic endeavor of muscular proportions, as if raised arms are welcoming the world. Indeed, there is something jubilant about all of Bruce Johnson's work. Looking out at the sculptures, I asked if he had a favorite. "Maybe, but I can't say it out loud," he said, laughing. "It's just like children; you love them equally but for different reasons."
Bruce sculpted his first work from wood as a teen in the Puget Sound region and says that area of Washington still informs who he is today…memories of making treehouses, what he calls "houses in the sky." Raised mostly in forested areas of Oregon and California, he was a student at UC Davis where he stumbled into a sculpture class and couldn't leave. Even though his track coach begged him to continue his winning athletic career—he'd found his calling.
All the wood that Bruce works with is salvaged and he speaks of "giving it new dignity." While biking in Crescent City, he ran into 80 tons of redwood roots that had been wrenched from the earth by the 1964 epic Eel River flood. These he had loaded and shipped to his studio/home in Cazadero. Do you know, he explains with some urgency, that "95% of all old growth redwoods are gone?" Some of the roots in his show have 800 to 1000 growth-rings. It makes one imagine what was going on here 1000 years ago.
I wanted to know how Bruce approaches a piece, where inspiration comes from. "Being still enough to see and feel," he answered, with a voice reflective of an artist, even a poet. What does he love most about creating a work? "The moment when I make the first cuts," he said, "when the raw root begins to take a new form." He tells that sometimes an urge arises to invite people over for this event, but, "I don't," he smiles. "They still wouldn't get it, the long period of preparation, the months, even years before that day."
As to finding the magic in each piece, he says it's about familiarity. After loading and unloading the huge hunks, after turning, cleaning and trimming, after they sit in his yard for months, he comes to know the wood. "I might one day catch a piece just out of the corner of my eye, a moment of insight, and I am at the mercy of inspiration."
What does it feel like when a piece is finished? "Not as good as when it is emerging," he quickly responds, explaining that the most nerve wracking part of the process is moving and installing the work. He also get stressed by show opening events. "I spend the next day feeling incredibly guilty; worried whether I talked with everyone who took the time to come out."
When an art work is going to 'live' outside, besides the artistic concerns, longevity comes into play. Each piece sits through hot sun and pounding rain; what will it look like in five years, twenty? Hammered copper is applied creatively here and there to the various roots, sometimes swirling, sometimes tucked into crevasses, as much utilitarian as aesthetic, to keep the water from sitting. Each year or two the sculpture is re burnished and oiled so that over time the textures of the wood are actually enhanced.
The Wells Fargo Sculpture Garden, free and open 24/7 to the public, was designed by Bay Area landscape architect Bill Mastick. Johnson and Mastick, working together, found the "rhythms and intervals" that make a setting like this successful. This inaugural exhibit ends in two years, after which the space will accommodate rotating shows.
How much trust in human nature does it take to give something you've labored over to the public; just to set it up and walk away—is vandalism a concern? Bruce works on the premise that if sculpture is carefully sited and well maintained it will be respected, "too beautiful to hurt." His work is meant to be interactive, touched, climbed on, and this invitation also fosters respect.
Bruce has acquired local fame and his work is on display in many places in the county. He jokes laughingly, "I'm the best known sculptor from Jenner to Timbercove!" But, Bruce Johnson's sculptures show nationally and around the world. Responsible for promoting sculpture in Sonoma County, Bruce helped design the first show at Paradise Ridge Winery Sculpture Garden where his work can be seen as part of the winery's permanent collection. Besides Paradise Ridge Winery and the Wells Fargo Garden, one might go on a 'Bruce Johnson sculpture hunt' and enjoy visiting interesting locations, such as, Sonoma State University's Green Music Center, Sonoma County Museum, Sea Ranch Chapel, Fort Ross Chapel, Occidental town center, Matanzas Creek Winery, and outside the county at the Asian Art Museum, and San Francisco and Oakland city centers.
A craftsman, Bruce is inspired by the words of his university instructor and mentor Manual Neri: Make it your own. Bruce says he is constantly testing that concept. Certainly, each of his sculptures has a personality. You are at once involved with the strength and massiveness of the object and awed by its beauty. One sculpture invites you to strike a long steel cylinder with a wooden mallet to ring out a meditative note that reverberates across the garden, toward the Wells Fargo Center and to the Sutter Hospital campus close by.
As someone who lives on a rural ridge overlooking the Pacific, it seems only natural that Bruce would be involved with the Coastal Hills Rural Preservation that is currently working to keep wilderness areas from corporate encroachment. Bruce says, "I'd much rather be making sculpture but sometimes you just have to stand up for the land you love."
I asked if, approaching 70, he might take another bike ride across the US, like the 4000 mile trip he took to celebrate his 60th. Does he think about retirement? "You mean will I buy another 80 tons of wood?" Johnson said, laughing. "I've been lucky," he explains. "I've worked for 40 years as a sculptor and have been able to do it my way." The question, Bruce says is, "What makes us feel fully alive?" Bruce Johnson likes journeys and he loves wood, so, "Yeah," he says, "more biking and definitely more wood."
Wells Fargo Center for the Arts, Sculpture Garden and Art Walk
50 Mark West Springs Road, Santa Rosa, CA. (707-546-3600)
www.wellsfargocenterarts.org
Copyright © 2019 · Linda Loveland Reid. All Rights Reserved.


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Dr. Brusch Photos
These Dr. Brusch photos depict our personal relationship with Dr. Charles Brusch. Dr Brusch is the physician who worked alongside Rene Caisse in developing the most successful version of the essiac formula. Scroll down to take a look at the collection of Dr. Brusch photos we have here to demonstrate his connection with Rene Caisse. Just as Rene Caisse recommended, our sheep sorrel in our essiac contains the root. It's 20% root.
Jack Gallant, left and Dr. Charles Brusch, center
Rene Caisse and Dr Charles Brusch performing research on essiac tea at the Brusch Medical Research Center.
The photo on the left shows Dr. Brusch with his friend, President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jackie. The photo on the right shows Dr. Brusch with the former speaker of the house, John W. McCormack and his wife Mrs. McCormack.
The Story of Rene Caisse and Dr. Charles Brusch
In 1959, Rene Caisse traveled to the Brusch Medical Clinic in Cambridge, Mass. to join Dr. Charles Brusch, MD in researching essiac tea. She became partners with Dr. Charles Brusch with the intent of forming the "Rene Caisse Cancer Research Foundation," a charitable foundation which would have the purpose of utilizing this treatment for cancer in humans. Rene was provided with three rooms for her use at the clinic and all her expenses were taken care of. Rene and Charles Brusch remained partners, co-developers and co-owners until her death in 1978 at the age of 91.
Dr. Brusch, a medical doctor of noted background, had developed an interest in other natural forms of healing. His objective was always in the overall "well-being" of the patient. He had set up the first acupuncture clinic ever to collect research data, and it was in full operation in his medical clinic when Rene Caisse arrived in 1959.
Dr. Brusch was the first doctor in the Western hemisphere to initiate a plan similar to Medicare within his clinic for those without money who needed medical help. He was extremely interested in herbs and their power to heal, which he learned from a long-time friend, a master herbalist from Lathrop, Missouri. The objective at Dr. Brusch's clinic was to prove the merits of this simple, non-toxic, herbal formula called essiac. The formula had been already used with great success on so many terminally ill patients - but Dr. Brusch wanted to do even better.
Rene Caisse and Dr. Brusch began their research on the essiac using oral treatment only. No other medications were used and the herbs were given on an empty stomach. In the hope of identifying the active ingredient, they experimented with variations of injectable solutions, each vial containing a different herb. This failed to isolate one single herb, proving that the most effective results were obtained synergistically though the unique combination of the eight herbs in the correct proportions.
Consequently they returned to using the eight herb essiac formula administered in an oral fashion. One version of this formula is called "Flor-Essence" in the marketplace. A double blind study was done in which other essiac formulas were used, all of which proved to be inferior to the settled upon eight herb formula.
Thanks for taking a peak at these Dr. Brusch photos from our personal collection. We are happy to be able to share the history with you!
Order the Essiac Dr Brusch recommended today!
Click here to order the most popular essiac size: the six month supply at aggressive dose.
Dr. Charles Brusch and Rene Caisse
Dr. Charles Brusch and Rene Caisse collaborated to conduct clinical trials on Essiac in 1959. Following that, the oral formula was perfected.


In celebration of American Craft Week, local metalsmith Audrey Laine Sawyer will be at Grovewood Gallery on October 5 and 6 from 11am-4pm selling her wares and demonstrating her process of piercing nature-inspired silhouettes on the face of her hand-fabricated hollow form jewelry. Audrey's signature collection of shadowbox earrings, pendants, and rings will be available to purchase, as well as her jewelry that incorporates lost-wax castings of her own carvings and found objects, such as stag beetles and bird bones.
Audrey holds a bachelor's degree in studio art from Rollins College and is also a 2010 graduate of Haywood Community College's Professional Crafts Program. She was juried into the prestigious Southern Highland Craft Guild in 2016.


How can business organize itself to meaningfully address big-picture problems like hunger, poverty, war, and catastrophic climate change--primarily by thinking differently about resources?
Turning hunger and poverty into sufficiency, war into peace, and pending climate catastrophe into planetary balance are all based on looking at resources - who has how much, how it's used, how the waste products are disposed of. Business, as both a creator of the problems and a cradle for innovation, can facilitate these transitions. Shel Horowitz of Hadley, MA shows us how.
The deli at McCusker's Market will be open to purchase food and drink.
The general format of the night is designed by the guest Curator, Daniel Leiberman, and/or to include a presentation by one featured live Speaker, viewing of 2-3 TED talk videos supporting the theme, and facilitated discussion. Stacy Kontrabecki, TEDxShelburneFalls' Curator & Organizer, will oversee.
About TEDxSalons A TEDx Salon is a small, recurring event that can be held monthly, quarterly or at other intervals. A minimum of three events must be held a year to qualify as a Salon license. At a Salon, attendees can watch TED Talks, host a few speakers and have informal discussions about the recorded TED Talks. TEDx Salon events (unlike standard, corporate and university events) may focus on a single subject area and feature as many as (but no more than) four live speakers.


Ilana is an indirect Quranic name for girls that means to soften, to make more gentle, to make more lenient. It is derived from the L-Y-N root which is used in a number of places in the Quran.
Hello – We are considering naming our daughter to be born Elana. We want to make sure this name is Arabic and the spelling is correct. We are also considering the middle name to be Inci. Please confirm if both the names are Arabic and their meanings as we want to go for a names with Muslim/Arabic significance.


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Curriculum:Documents of FreedomArrow icon
Unit:The United States and the WorldArrow icon
Lesson:International Relations and the Constitutional Separation of Powers
International Relations and the Constitutional Separation of Powers
In 1787 the Constitution granted significant new powers to the central government, including those traditionally held by sovereign nations. In response to Anti-Federalist concerns about a too-powerful central government, James Madison explained in Federalist No. 51 that the new system of government was designed to work with human nature:
"If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions" (James Madison, Federalist No. 51, 1788).
Because the new U.S. government divided power among different branches and levels, ambition would "counteract ambition," according to Madison. In other words, when individuals in office tried to take on more power, those attempts would be contested, by others in rival offices (who, in principle, were also ambitious). The checks and balances in the system depended on the "backbone" of all the people in office and their willingness to stand up for adherence to proper constitutional roles and limits. For instance, as explained in Federalist No. 74, the president's role as commander in chief occurs only when the military is called into the service of the nation by the legislature (Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 74, 1788). The president may negotiate treaties with foreign nations, but he must obtain advice and consent from the Senate. Alexander Hamilton explained that the treaty-making power is neither wholly legislative nor wholly executive, but is a function of both branches:
"The power of making treaties is, plainly, neither the one nor the other. It relates neither to the execution of the subsisting laws, nor to the enaction of new ones… Its objects are CONTRACTS with foreign nations, which have the force of law, but derive it from the obligations of good faith" (Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 75, 1788).
The principles of separation of powers and checks and balances ingrained in the Constitution help to protect the people from government overreach and the internal government actors from overstepping their own powers.
The President as "Chief Diplomat"
Checks and balances were built into the new government's power to direct and control foreign affairs. The president would be the nation's "Chief Diplomat." Though those words do not appear in the Constitution, it is undisputed that the president represents the country on the world stage. But his power in this role was not meant to be unchecked. While the president can negotiate treaties with other nations, he needs the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Further, the House of Representatives has the power to appropriate any funds needed to bring treaties into effect.
Although the Constitution defines roles for the president and Congress in the arena of international relations, the balance of power between the president and Congress has been in play throughout American history.
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation
As the nation's first president, George Washington set several precedents related to the chief executive's power to guide foreign policy. One of the first appearances of America on the world stage was a small part in the war that took place between revolutionary France and Great Britain. France was on the brink of a bloody reign of terror, having overthrown its monarchy and beheaded its king and queen. Thousands of French citizens would soon die at the guillotine. Yet support for France was still strong in the United States. Despite the bloodbath, many sympathizers with the Revolution—the Jeffersonians saw hopeful signs of popular government spreading across the Atlantic.
Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793, declaring that the United States would remain neutral in the war between Great Britain and France. This action sparked a sustained argument between two pseudonymous newspaper essayists that became known as Pacificus-Helvidius debates. James Madison, writing as Helvidius, argued that the power to declare war was "expressly vested in the Congress." He went on to explain that "those who are to conduct a war [presidents] cannot in the nature of things, be proper or safe judges, whether a war ought to be commenced, continued, or concluded. They are barred from the latter functions by a great principle in free government, analogous [similar] to that which separates the sword from the purse, or the power of executing from the power of enacting laws."
Alexander Hamilton, writing as Pacificus, defended Washington's action, asserting that unless war was declared, the president had a responsibility to keep the country out of war when possible: "A Proclamation of Neutrality… is a usual and a proper measure… [for] a Country whose true interest lies in the preservation of peace" (Alexander Hamilton, Pacificus No. 1, 1793).
This early debate between two Founding Fathers—and the larger political community—about the definitions and limits of power was a sign of the growing partisanship in the early republic. The debate was not settled then; if anything, it began to intensify.
Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War
The Civil War, although it was a war between the Union and the Confederacy, had international implications. In the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), President Abraham Lincoln declared that he was freeing slaves as a war measure. He limited slavery in the rebelling states (although not in the Confederate territory already under Union control). These freed slaves would be welcomed into the Union Army. Many Democrats opposed to Lincoln argued that the Proclamation was a clear abuse of executive power. Some Republicans argued that the Proclamation did not go far enough, in that it did not emancipate all slaves. Still, the Emancipation Proclamation gave the North moral superiority over the South, and made it practically impossible for Britain to aid the South in the war. (England's Parliament had ended slavery peacefully throughout the British Empire many years earlier.)
Throughout the Civil War, Lincoln stood on the principle that the war was not international—that it was one nation's internal conflict, not between two nations.
Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles
The United States did enter into an international conflict—World War I—in the early twentieth century.
Although President Woodrow Wilson ran for reelection in 1916 with the slogan "He kept us out of war," he asked Congress for a Declaration of War in 1917 to "make the world safe for democracy" (Woodrow Wilson, "Speech to Congress," April 2, 1917). By the end of World War I, President Wilson negotiated with the leaders of the Allies against Germany to write the Treaty of Versailles. He was forced to make extreme concessions from his peace plan, the Fourteen Points, based on the principle of the self-determination of nations. He remained confident in the League of Nations—one of his Fourteen Points—to fix remaining problems in the treaty. Back in the United States, however, he was disappointed to learn that some senators, led by the Republican Henry Cabot Lodge, were strongly opposed to joining the League of Nations, and the treaty was rejected by the Senate.
Wilson's uncompromising attitude neither sought nor accepted the Senate's advice on the treaty, and for the first time in American history, the Senate refused to ratify a peace treaty negotiated by the president.
Ronald Reagan and the Cold War
Later presidents would continue to exercise leadership in the role of guiding the nation's international relations, with varying results.
One of the most successful "Chief Diplomats" was President Ronald Reagan, who helped to bring about the end of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. While his three predecessors had to varying degrees pursued détente (seeking to conciliate with the Soviet Union), Reagan preferred to seek peace through strength. He wanted to bring the evils of communism to light, and through an arms race sought to expose the weaknesses of the Soviet's centrally-planned economy.
He said in 1982 that "history teaches the dangers of government that overreaches—political control taking precedence over free economic growth, secret police, mindless bureaucracy, all combining to stifle individual excellence and personal freedom" (Ronald Reagan, "Address to Members of the British Parliament," June 8, 1982).
In 1987, in a speech at the Berlin Wall separating the free part of Berlin from Communist East Berlin, he challenged Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down this wall," highlighting the evil of a government that had to trap people like caged animals. The Cold War came to an end three years after Reagan left office when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Reagan's actions highlight the many means the president has to direct the nation's international relations.
In 1787 the Constitution granted significant new powers to the central government, including those traditionally held by sovereign nations. In response to Anti-Federalist concerns about a too-powerful central government, James Madison explained that the new system of government was designed to work with human nature.
Documents of Freedom|
The United States and the World|
International Relations and the Constitutional Separation of Powers|


Breathe new life into your tarnished or mismatched toilet bowl by refinishing it with paint. Choose a paint that's specifically formulated to remain durable in adverse conditions. Condition the toilet bowl in the proper manner, or it will reject its new finish, regardless of what type of paint you choose.
Ordinary latex and acrylic paints are inappropriate for toilet bowls. Choose an appliance epoxy spray paint that's engineered to promote an attractive glossy finish that will stand up well against moisture-based duress.
No type of paint will adhere to a toilet bowl unless it is primed. Apply an acrylic latex spray primer before you start painting, or the appliance epoxy paint will ultimately flake.
Primer will not adhere to the toilet bowl unless it is abraded first. Once you've drained all of the water and allowed the toilet bowl to dry, scour the surface with 180-grit sandpaper until it feels slightly gritty.