Su, X., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Liao, Q., Yu, Q., Meng, R., and Yao, J. (2017). "Efficient removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution using cellulose-g-p(AA-co-AM) bioadsorbent," BioRes. 12(2), 3413-3424.
The removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic acid red 1 (AR1) dyes from aqueous solution was studied using cellulose-g-p(AA-co-AM) bio-adsorbent (CP bio-adsorbent). The CP bio-adsorbent with surface multiple functional groups and macroporous network structure was synthesized via grafting the acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto cellulose molecules. The adsorption behavior of the bio-adsorbent to dyes in the aqueous solution was studied. The effects of solution pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption capacity of the bio-adsorbent were investigated. Due to the abundant functional groups and macroporous network structure, the CP bio-adsorbent exhibited remarkable adsorption performance for the removal of type dyes with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 998 mg·g-1 for MB and 523 mg·g-1 for AR1. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of dyes was exactly described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Comparison with other bio-adsorbents confirmed that the eco-friendly CP bio-adsorbent possessed excellent potential for water purification.
Water pollution is a crucial environmental issue that receives worldwide attention. As one of the main pollutants, dyes are toxic, non-biodegradable, and even carcinogenic, which create serious threats to aquatic organisms and human health. Hence, the efficient removal of dye pollutants from wastewater into an acceptable level before discharging into the natural environment is necessary.
During the past three decades, various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods have been reported for dyes treatment, such as coagulation, membrane filtration, chemical oxidation, electrodialysis, photodegradation, and adsorption (Singh and Arora 2011). Of these, the adsorption method is a simple, competitive method for dye removal. The development of new adsorbents with high loading capacity and high rate of uptake play a key role in the removal of toxic dye molecules. Carbon nanomaterials and graphene are newly developed and efficient adsorbents for the removal of pollutants in air and wastewater (Zhuang et al. 2016) systems. However, the relatively low density of functional groups, the higher production cost, and regeneration difficulty of the materials used limit their widespread practical applications. Therefore, the development of high-efficient, green, sustainable, and cheaper adsorbents based on natural materials is a subject of intensive research (Crini and Badot 2008).
Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide found in nature, and it is a non-toxic and low cost material that is biocompatible, biodegradable, and renewable. Due to its unique features, cellulose can directly adsorb dyes; however, the adsorption capacity of pure cellulose is fairly low. Recently, many investigators have tried to develop functional (such as carboxyl, amino, sulfo group, and cyclodextrin functional) cellulose-based materials to enhance the dye adsorptive property. For example, Gopakumar et al. (2017) synthesized meldrum's acid modified cellulose nanofiber-based polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membrane via nonsolvent assisted methodology, which was found to adsorb 4 mg·g-1 from 10 mg·L-1 crystal violet aqueous solution. The carboxylate-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals were demonstrated to have the effective removal capacity for cationic dyes (Qiao et al. 2015).
Yu et al. (2016) studied carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals for their use as cationic dye adsorbents. Wang et al. (2016) synthesized polyacrylamide grafted quaternized cellulose by an inverse emulsion method, and the product was able to adsorb Eriochrome blue SE and Congo red dyes at the level of 349 mg·g-1 and 380 mg·g-1, respectively. Moreover, surface quaternized cellulose nonfibrils exhibited good dye adsorption capacity and recyclability (Pei et al. 2013). Among them, these functional modified (carboxylic, amino, and quaternary functional modified) cellulose-based nanofibers or nanocrystals showed enhanced adsorption of dye molecules. However, the separation of rod-like nanowhiskers or long cellulose nano-fibers from native cellulose usually consumes more energy and produces more pollutants. Hence, it remains a great challenge to fabricate functional adsorbents with facile, economic, and highly efficient dye adsorption capacity based on native cellulose.
In this study, a functional cellulose-based bio-adsorbent with efficient dye adsorption capacity was prepared using chemical polymerization process. A cellulose-g-p(AA-co-AM) (CP) bio-adsorbent with multiple surface functional groups and a macroporous network structure was synthesized through grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) molecules onto cellulose molecules. Although cellulose-based adsorbents for environmental removal have been reported, there are few reports showing a correlation between the structural features of cellulose-based adsorbents and adsorptive properties.
The purpose of the present work was to synergize the combination of the presence of carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl functional groups, and a macroporous network structure to enhance the adsorption capacity and favor the widespread use of cellulose for dyeing wastewater remediation. Two organic dyes (methylene blue (MB) and acid red (AR1)) were used as model pollutants to investigate the adsorption characteristics of CP bio-adsorbent in aqueous solution. The chemical structures and molar masses of MB and AR1 are shown in Table 1.
The structural characteristics of CP bio-adsorbent, their recyclability, and the effect of pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and contact time on adsorption behavior and adsorption kinetics for dye molecules were investigated. The results showed that the CP bio-adsorbent was a desirable adsorbent that has a practical and potential effect in the treatment of environmental remediation.
Cotton linter with fiber length 2 to 3 mm containing more than 95% α-cellulose was purchased from Heze Sanmu Health Materials Co. Ltd. (Shandong, China) and used without any further milling. Methylene blue (MB) and acid red 1 (AR1) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and used without any further purification. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), anhydrous ethanol, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and ammonium persulfate (APS) used were all analytical grade reagents and were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
The CP bio-adsorbent was prepared by grafting AA and AM monomers on cellulose macromolecular chain through free-radical copolymerization, as previously described (Su et al. 2016). Briefly, 2 g of cotton linter was dissolved in 66 g of a mixed aqueous solution of 12 wt% urea/7 wt% NaOH to obtain a cellulose solution. About 0.2 g of APS was dissolved in 1 mL of distilled water before use, and it was then added into the cellulose solution to produce free radicals by stirring for 5 min at room temperature. Afterward, 10 g of AA, 2 g of AM, and 0.06 g of MBA were added. The reaction was carried out for 24 h at -18 °C to finish the polymerization. The obtained gels were washed with distilled water and ethanol three times to remove the residual monomers. All samples used for the adsorption test were dried overnight at 60 °C. Finally, the dried products were milled through a screen with 30 to 40 mesh before adsorption tests.
The surface morphologies of the gold-plated products were imaged using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, JSM-6701F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-5610, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). The chemical structures of the cellulose, CP bio-adsorbent, dye-loaded CP bio-adsorbent, and the two dyes were analyzed utilizing a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR, Nicolet-5700, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, MA, USA) with a flat-plate attenuated total reflectance accessory in the range of 400 to 4000 cm-1. The overall content of carboxyl groups (-COO–) and amino group (-NH2) of dried CP bio-adsorbent was obtained by chemical titration method (902 titrator Metrohm, Hongkong, China) (Saito and Isogai 2004; Atia et al. 2008).
where C0 (mg·L-1) and Ct (mg·L-1) were the initial and "t" time concentrations of dye in solution, respectively.
where qe represent the adsorption capacity of CP bio-adsorbent at equilibrium. The qt (mg·g-1) is the adsorption amount at time "t" (min); k1 (min-1), k2 (g·mg-1·min) are the rate constants of pseudo-first-order kinetic model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively.
The recyclability and reuse of the adsorbents are crucial criteria for their practical applications. Because of its macro structure, the CP bio-adsorbent was easily separated after the adsorption experiment. It was found that 50% ethanol can be applied as desorption agent to regeneration the MB and AR1 from the bio-adsorbent under agitating at room temperature for 1 h (Qiao et al. 2015). To realize the recyclability of the bio-adsorbent, consecutive adsorption-desorption recycles were carried out five times.
The CP bio-adsorbent was synthesized by free radical graft copolymerization. The strategy is presented in Fig. 1. The functional groups such as −COO− and −CO−NH2 groups were grafted in the cellulose skeleton by using AA and AM monomers. Compared with the fibrous cotton cellulose (Fig. 2a), the modified CP bio-adsorbent displayed properties of a 3D network; its macroporous structure and the pore size ranged from 50 to 100 μm (Fig. 2b). In Fig. 2c, the 3D porous structure was preserved after MB load and completely recovered after five times adsorption desorption cycles (Fig. 2d). The dye molecules were filled in the 3D pores via an intermolecular interaction. The CP bio-adsorbent with 3D porous structure showed favorable mass transfer performance and allowed adsorption on both surface and interior of the adsorbents, which is beneficial for higher adsorption capacity (Zhai et al. 2012).
The FTIR analysis of cotton, CP bio-adsorbent, MB and AR1 dye-loaded CP bio-adsorbents, pure MB and pure AR1 samples showed the possible interaction sites between the CP bio-adsorbent and dye molecules (Fig. 3). The raw cotton spectrum exhibited distinctive peaks at 3353, 2908, 1435, 1376, 1115, 1066, and 896 cm-1, which were the characteristic peaks of cellulose molecules (Liu et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2015). After graft copolymerization modification, the characteristic peak at 3353 cm-1 shifted to a broadened peak at 3426 cm-1, which was attributed to the N–H stretching vibration and overlapping of O–H bonds. The new peak at 3206 cm-1 for CP bio-adsorbent was assigned to the newly formed –CO–NH2 and -OH groups. The peak at 2908 cm-1 showed a red shift. Moreover, the peak for C–H rocking vibration at 896 cm-1 was less intense. In addition, upon comparison with cellulose, the new peaks were found at 1672, 1560, and 1406 cm-1 in the spectrum of CP bio-adsorbent. Thus, the monomers (AA and AM) were successfully grafted onto the cellulose molecular skeleton, which provided more adsorption sites for dye adsorption (Eskandarian et al. 2014; Ho et al. 2016; Liu et al. 2015). Furthermore, according to the chemical titration method (Saito and Isogai 2004; Atia et al. 2008), the contents of 5.5 mmol·g-1 for carboxyl groups and 2.7 mmol·g-1 for amino groups were estimated on the CP bio-adsorbent sample. Moreover, the FTIR analysis of the CP bio-adsorbent and dye loaded CP bio-adsorbent showed the possible interaction sites in the dye molecules and the bio-adsorbent. Compared with the spectra of CP bio-adsorbent, the typical peak for the dyes loaded CP bio-adsorbent was shifted and broadened slightly (Figs. 3c and d). This indicated the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the functional groups of bio-adsorbent and the dye molecules. The possible interactions between the CP bio-adsorbent and the dye molecules are shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 5 shows the influence of solution pH values (3 to 12) on the adsorption of MB and AR1 dyes by CP bio-adsorbent. The solution pH considerably affected the adsorption behavior, as the pH can affect the ionization condition of the functional groups in the bio-adsorbent. In case of MB, the adsorption of MB was increased with rising pH within the range 1 to 8, and then it decreased at basic pH values 8 to 12. At lower pH values, most of the –COO– and -NH2 groups were protonated into −COOH and −NH3+ groups, and the abundant presence of H+ ions on the surface of the adsorbent compete with the MB cationic dye molecules, resulting in low dye adsorption. In the alkaline solution, the CP bio-adsorbent was deprotonated, and the adsorption was increased due to the electrostatic interaction between the bio-adsorbent and MB dye molecules (Ghorai et al. 2014). The adsorption of AR1 on the CP bio-adsorbent was higher at low pH, and it decreased with increasing pH value. These anionic dye molecules in acidic conditions can easily be adsorbed by the modified CP bio-adsorbent, as the –NH2 functional groups present would undergo protonation to NH3+ ions and consequently interact with the anionic dye molecule.
Fig. 5. Effect of pH values on the adsorption capacity of CP bio-adsorbent to MB and AR1 dyes.
As shown in Fig. 6a, the effect of temperature on adsorption capacity of CP bio-adsorbent for MB and AR1 dyes were evaluated in each applicable temperature range (15, 25, 37, 45, and 60 °C). The adsorption capacity of the CP bio-adsorbent decreased slightly from the temperature 15 to 60 °C. For MB, the absorption capacity decreased from 998 to 794 mg·g-1, and for AR1 from 523 to 441 mg·g-1. By comparison, a maximum absorption capacity of 998 and 523 mg·g-1 was observed for MB and AR1, respectively, at 25 °C. The remarkable reduction of the dye adsorption capacity at temperature > 25 °C was attributed to the rapid desorption behavior mainly caused by the increased thermal motion (Tang et al. 2012). Hence, the temperature was kept constant at 25 °C for later experiments during this work.
Fig. 6. Effect of temperature (a), initial concentration (b), and contact time (c) on the adsorption performance of CP bio-adsorbent to MB and AR1 dyes. (d) Represents the recyclability of CP bio-adsorbent for MB and AR1 dyes adsorption after five adsorption–desorption cycles.
As shown in Fig. 6b, the dye removal increased from 92.40% to 98.95% with an increase in MB concentration from 100 to 1000 mg·L-1, beyond which it decreased to 60.89% at 1500 mg·L-1. In the case of AR1, the corresponding increase was from 54.59% to 80.92% with concentration from 100 to 500 mg·L-1, beyond which it decreased to 35.34% at 1500 mg·L-1. This trend might be explained by the fact that plenty of vacant active sites were available for the adsorption at a lower dye concentration, and the saturated sites had difficulty to capture the dye molecules (Eskandarian et al. 2014). As for MB dye, the removal efficiency was higher than AR1, which probably was due to the smaller spatial prohibition in the molecular structure of MB and this positive feature makes the adsorption sites of CP bio-adsorbent more accessible to the dye (Ho et al. 2016). By contrast, the decrease in the removal rates of MB and AR1 dyes when the initial concentration was more than 900 mg·L-1. This can be explained by the saturation of the active adsorption sites at higher dye concentrations, consequently reducing the dye removal on the CP bio-adsorbents. Similar results were reported previously (Mahmoodi 2011).
Figure 6c shows that the initial dye removal rate of the CP bio-adsorbent increased rapidly within 30 min, and then reached adsorption equilibrium at 30 min for MB and 40 min for AR1. This was mainly attributed to the fast electrostatic attraction between adsorbates and the adsorbent surface, which contains more functional groups with large substantial adsorption sites, as presented in Fig. 4. After the initial period, the adsorption curves became smooth and constant. It is because of the slower chemical interactions and intermolecular forces which make adsorbates become immobilized. To obtain full adsorption equilibrium, 1 h was selected in this study for the further investigation of MB and AR1 dyes.
Furthermore, two kinetic models i.e., the Lagergren pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models are employed to investigate the possible rate-controlling steps and the adsorption mechanism (Tao et al. 2016). The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics from the fitting plots with the coefficients of determination and model parameters are listed in Table 2. The values of R2 (R2 = 0.9997 for MB, R2 = 0.9991 for AR1) from the pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to be over 0.999, making them higher than pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9493 for MB, R2 = 0.9036 for AR1) in various contact times. Meanwhile, the theoretical adsorption capacities (qe) were much closer to the experimental adsorption capacities. These results also suggest the applicability of pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
k1 and k2 are the rate constants of pseudo-first-order kinetic model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively; qe represent the adsorption capacity of CP bio-adsorbent at equilibrium; R2 is the fitting coefficient.
Table 3 shows a comparison of the equilibrium adsorption capability of CP bio-adsorbent for MB with other biomass adsorbents reported in the literature. Due to the abundant functional groups and macropores network, the CP bio-adsorbent showed a greater adsorption capability in comparison with other biomass adsorbents. These results indicated the potential use of the CP bio-adsorbent in practical applications for the removal of dyes from wastewater streams.
The recyclability and reuse of adsorbents are crucial for their practical applications. As indicated in Fig. 6d, the adsorption capacity declined slightly when the adsorption-desorption cycles were increased; the dye adsorption capacity of adsorbents to MB after one and five cycles was 998 mg·L-1 and 872 mg·L-1, respectively, while that of AR1 was 523 mg·L-1 and 405 mg·L-1, respectively. Thus, the CP bio-adsorbent showed excellent recycling ability for the treatment of the MB and AR1 dyes from aqueous solutions.
The CP bio-adsorbent was designed and synthesized to remove cationic and anionic dyes. The modification of cellulose with AA and AM monomers was found to increase its adsorption sites, thus resulting in an increased dyes adsorption capacity. The newly formed macroporous network was beneficial to the diffusion of dye molecules into the 3D structure, leading to excellent dye removal efficiency.
Moreover, the adsorption of the dyes by CP bio-adsorbent fit well into the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The investigation of the adsorption behavior revealed that the adsorption process was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interactions between the dye molecules and the bio- The CP bio-adsorbent possessed remarkable adsorption capacity according to a comparison with other biomass adsorbents.
In addition, the CP bio-adsorbent could be regenerated in a facile manner and it was shown that it retained high adsorption capacity after five times adsorption and desorption cycles. Therefore, the functional macroporous CP bio-adsorbent could be regarded as a promising adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
The work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51303159, 51672251) and the Program for the Zhejiang Top Priority Discipline of Textile Science and Engineering (2013YXQN06).
Article submitted: November 16, 2016; Peer review completed: February 2, 2017; Revised version received and tentatively accepted: March 2, 2017; Published: March 21, 2017.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Here's a link to my June column for Mediatel. Although the column went out on time, I have a been a bit delayed in posting it here due to pressure of work.
The seed of the column was a panel I chaired at Mediatel's Connected Consumer (see this post) about 'Data and Metrics'. The panel went well but it was commented afterwards that we talked a lot about data but not at all about metrics – how we actually define an describe media behaviour. So I penned this column, which gradually evolved into a rant about the words 'digital' and 'consumer', the first of which I believe is redundant, the second offensive and patronising. I didn't get a lot of feedback on this particular column, which reminds me of an interview I once read with the comedian Ben Elton whose biggest fear was that he might walk on stage to deliver a rant about 'Don't you just hate it when.." only to find out the audience actually didn't. So perhaps I am on my own on this one, but I am sticking to my guns.
Next Next post: Newspapers, magazines, the NRS and the 'death' of print…..


Often people work individually on a project and may need to merge slides from one file into another. To do this, be sure the file you want to include is on your computer (you will need to know where this is located).
Open the presentation that you want to add a slide to.
In the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click Slides, and then click where you want to add a slide (see Image One and we will select locating this directly below Slide 2)..
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click the arrow below New Slide, and then select Reuse Slides. (See Image Two).
In the Reuse Slides pane, click Open a PowerPoint File.
In the Browse dialog box, locate and click the presentation file that contains the slide that you want, and then click Open.
To add a single slide, click the slide.
To add all of the slides, right click any slide, and then select Insert All Slides.
Note: If you want the slide that you are adding to the destination presentation to maintain the formatting of the original presentation, select the Keep source formatting check box before you add the slide to the destination presentation.
To add all of the slides, right-click any slide, and then click Insert All Slides.


text:
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
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Cleveland: An Historical Overview
MENORAH PARK CENTER FOR THE AGING
MENORAH PARK CENTER FOR THE AGING, a residential home and care center for the elderly, was established in 1906 as the Hebrew Orthodox Old Age Home, Bet Moshav Zekenim, because MONTEFIORE HOME did not satisfy the religious needs of Orthodox JEWS in the city. Membership dues of $0.10 per month supported the home on Orange Avenue near East 40th Street. The five residents maintained a rigid schedule, including kitchen, laundry, and garden work. In 1911, under the leadership of the first president, Herman (Eschler) Peskind, the home constructed a forty-six-bed building at 59th and Scovill. The new structure soon proved inadequate, however, and in 1921 the home relocated to 736 Lakeview Avenue in GLENVILLE.
The new building accommodated eighty residents, providing medical facilities and a neighborhood synagogue seating 800. In 1928 the home added an eighty-bed wing, and in 1948 a fifty-five-bed wing with occupational, recreational, and physical therapy facilities, and a medical clinic. The name changed in 1950 to the Jewish Orthodox Home for the Aged. In 1961 a Women's Association formed; members volunteer for the gift and snack shops and special events. In 1993, renamed the Women's and Men's Assn., this association included over 2,000 members.
On April 9, 1968 the home moved to 27100 Cedar Road, BEACHWOOD, on thirty-seven acres, and adopted the name Menorah Park Jewish Home for the Aged. (The Lakeview home was sold to the National Health Care Center and renamed Forest Hills Nursing Home.) Along with full-service care, the home offers meals for the homebound, cosponsored with the JEWISH FAMILY SERVICE ASSN. and the B'NAI B'RITH Women's Auxiliary, respite care, geriatric assessment, and Orthodox religious services. In June 1978 the home opened the R.H. Myers Apts., an independent-living center for more than 240 older persons, adjacent to Menorah Park. Five years later the home added an Applied Research Institute to study long-term care. In June 1994 Menorah Park dedicated the Dr. Marvin Schermer Community and Professional Services Building Stone Gardens, a three-level assisted-living facility with a capacity for sixty-six residents, opened in December 1994. In 1995 the entire center had a capacity for 350 residents and Steve Raichilson served as executive director.
In 2020, Menorah Park and Montefiore became one organization under the Menorah Park name. James (Jim) Newbrough, who joined Menorah Park in 2016, served as CEO of the new Menorah Park. (See Montefiore Home)
By 2022, the Menorah Park Center for Senior Living 42-acre campus included Menorah Park and Montefiore of Menorah Park for skilled long-term care; Maltz Hospice House for end-of-life care; Vinney Palliative Care and Hospice of Menorah Park; R.H. Myers, apartments for independent living (1997); Stone Gardens, an assisted living residence (1994); The Weils, an assisted living, memory care, and rehabilitation center located in Chagrin Falls; Wiggins Place, an assisted living residence (2004); Helen's Place, a memory care residence (2013); The Willensky Residence, for assisted living memory care; and the David and Freda Robinson Residence, for assisted living memory care. The Menorah Park Men's and Women's Association provided volunteers and operated beauty and barber shop services for residents.
In addition to its residential facilities, the Peter B. Lewis Aquatic & Therapy Center (2001) offered aquatic and land-based therapy and rehabilitation needs; the DriveWise (2003) program met the needs of aging drivers; Mandel Adult Day Care Center, the longest established Center in the nation, provided day-time care; and the Medical Transportation Service provided non-emergency ambulette and ambulance services to and from the hospital and doctors' appointments. Off campus services included post-hospital rehabilitation in three locations in Beachwood and Chagrin Falls, focused on helping individuals continue recovery after a hospital stay. Menorah Park Home Health Services provides specialized in-home care and services in Akron, Beachwood, Canton and the surrounding suburbs. The facility served more than 1,000 older adults daily either on the campus or through its at-home care programs. James (Jim) Newbrough, continued as CEO in 2022.
Menorah Park Center for the Aging is a member of the ONE HUNDRED YEAR CLUB OF THE WESTERN RESERVE.
Updated by Sylvia Abrams
View image in Digital Cleveland Starts Here®
Menorah Park Records, WRHS.
See also JEWS AND JUDAISM; OLD AGE/NURSING HOMES.
http://www.menorahpark.org/index.html
Mather House, Room 308
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text:
American Pie: Unrated 3-Movie Party Pack (American Pie / American Pie 2 / American Wedding)
Paul Weitz, J.B. Rogers, Jesse D
2012, Universal Studios Home Entertain
Studio: Universal Studios Home Entertain
Natasha Lyonne, Shannon Elizabeth, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Mena Suvari, Seann William Scott, Tara Reid, Thomas Ian Nicholas,... Good. 1999 Run time: 408. Connecting viewers with great movies since 1972. All used discs are inspected and guaranteed. Used discs may not include digital copies. Customer service is our top priority!
Jason Biggs, Chris Klein, Alyson Hannigan, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Tara Reid, Seann William Scott, Mena Suvari, Eddie Kaye...
Good. Good condition. DVD. Case Very Good. Disc slightly scratched. 3 disc set. Unrated edition. Quality guaranteed! In original artwork/packaging unless otherwise noted.
1899, Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
Studio: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
2012, Universal Studios
January Jones, Mena Suvari, Eugene Levy, Tara Reid, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Seann William Scott, Chris Klein,... New. 1999 Run time: 408. Buy with confidence-Satisfaction Guaranteed! Delivery Confirmation included for all orders in the US.
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Butterfingers have been an American favourite since 1923, and now they're available for everyone to enjoy. The butterfinger bar is made up of a flaky, crisp, peanut butter flavoured centre covered with smooth milk chocolate. Now you can enjoy them in delicious peanut butter cup form.


text:
UPDATE: South Lake Tahoe PD asking for public's help IDing suspect in deadly shooting
An argument, gunshots and a speeding car: That is the series of events leading up to the death of 62-year-old Gregory Mitchoff, witnesses told police.
When officers responded to the 3600 block of Spruce Avenue Monday night they found Mitchoff, who lived nearby, outside and badly injured, according to South Lake Tahoe Police Chief Brian Uhler.
Mitchoff was transported to Barton Memorial Hospital, where medical personnel desperately tried to save his life. He died at 11:39 p.m.
The shooting is South Lake Tahoe's first homicide since January 2016, according to Uhler.
Details are limited as the investigation continues. Witnesses described two male voices being in an argument prior to shots being fired. That was the only descriptive detail about the suspect law enforcement released Tuesday.
Likewise witnesses gave similar descriptions of the vehicle, but there were enough discrepancies that law enforcement withheld any description of the vehicle.
"We do have some information that we're not releasing," Uhler said. "It's just part of our normal protocol because we don't want to taint or pre-load the community with information we're unsure about."
Law enforcement spent part of Tuesday visiting area businesses trying to obtain any video footage captured during the time frame of the incident.
"We're hoping to narrow the description [of the vehicle] down," Uhler said.
Police did not recover a weapon at the scene. The suspect could still be armed, and the community should be cautious.
"We ask people to be careful and be aware," the chief said.
Law enforcement is urging any witnesses or any community members who may have information to contact law enforcement.
ORIGINAL POST: SOUTH LAKE TAHOE POLICE: MAN KILLED IN SHOOTING; SUSPECT FLED SCENE
A South Lake Tahoe man is dead after an apparent shooting Monday night.
Police initially responded to a report of gunshots and an injured man in the 3600 block of Spruce Avenue around 9:30 p.m. Monday.
Officers found a male subject on the ground suffering from multiple gunshot wounds, according to police. The man was transported to Barton Memorial Hospital where he died from his injuries.
Authorities identified the victim as 62-year-old Gregory Mitchoff.
The suspect left the scene in a vehicle. In a press release, police did not provide a description of the vehicle or of a possible suspect.
No other additional information was provided about the case, which is still under investigation. Multiple phone calls and emails sent by the Tribune Tuesday have not been returned.
Anyone with information is asked to call the South Lake Tahoe Police Department at 530-542-6100 or Lake Tahoe Secret Witness to remain anonymous at 530-541-6800.
New Kings Beach trail unveiled: 'Beaver Tail Trail' chosen among 80 suggested names
Woman flees boyfriend, leaving infant at Truckee home, as boyfriend vandalizes house
Navy SAR rescues Donner Summit rock climber
Market Beat: Second verse same as the first?
Slow Food Lake Tahoe launches composting initiative


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Диета може да се отнася за:
 Диета, хранителен режим
 Наименование на парламента в някои страни
 Диета, латинско наименование на Райхстага на Свещената Римска империя (12-19 век)
 Вормска диета, заседание на Райхстага през 1521
 Диета (Финландия), във Великото княжество Финландия (19-20 век)
 Диета (Япония), парламента на Япония

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Faith, in the Orthodox Christian perspective, is something better to be experienced than to be explained. Orthodox Church accepts Holy Bible as the Word of God; the basis of our faith and practices. At the same time our faith is a living testimony of the Holy Apostolic Tradition within which Bible took shape. The three conspicuous characteristics of Orthodox faith are: Infant baptism, Intercession to saints and Remembrance prayers for departed souls.
The celebration of Holy Liturgy-the sacrament of sacraments-is a unique event in the life of the Orthodox Church. The Holy Liturgy is the commemoration of our Lord's incarnation, ministry, suffering, sacrifice, resurrection and second coming based upon historical facts, and it connects with what is going on in the inward and heavenly sphere. This celebration helps the faithful to have experiences beyond time and space limitations and are assured of the call to deification-thesis. The liturgy is the time of celebration in which the faithful partake in the great events of the life of our Lord along with the company of great and many Saints. The liturgy is the time to receive blessing, peace, grace and to develop the spirit of sharing with others. Prayers and praises in the Holy Liturgy are used in both poems and prose, so that people can fully take part in the whole worship whole heartedly and in unison. The role of the congregation in the Holy Eucharist of the Malankara Orthodox Church is so vital, that we can say that, the whole church celebrates the Holy Eucharist under the leadership of the priest or bishop. According to the teachings of the church, we cannot have live without the Holy Eucharist. "Jesus said to them; I am telling you the truth; if you do not eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in yourselves. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him to life on the last day." John 6:53-54)The Eucharist worship is one through which the worshipper attains deeper and richer state of experiencing Christ than what is obtained through any other form of worship.
Does your church practice "Open Communion?"
In the strictest sense the Communion of the Orthodox Church is open to all repentant believers. That means we are glad to receive new members in the Orthodox Church. The Orthodox concept of "Communion" is totally holistic, and radically different from that of most other Christian groups. We do not separate the idea of "Holy Communion" from "Being in Communion," "Full Communion," "Inter-Communion" and total "Communion in the Faith."
In the Orthodox Church therefore, to receive Holy Communion, or any other Sacrament (Mystery), is taken to be a declaration of total commitment to the Orthodox Faith. While we warmly welcome visitors to our services, it is understood that only those communicant members of the Orthodox Church who are prepared by confession and fasting will approach the Holy Mysteries.
We believe that in a mysterious way the bread becomes the body and wine becomes the blood of our Lord. It was after blessing the bread and wine that our Lord said, "This is my body" and "This is my blood". Just as our Lord was perfect God and perfect man, without any change in the godhood and man-hood, after the blessing, the bread is, both bread and the body of our Lord. Also after blessing, the wine is both wine and blood of our Lord. Protestant churches say that the bread and wine are only the symbols of the body and blood of our Lord.
Eastern churches give primary importance to worship. The heart beats of the church are manifested in worship. The Holy Eucharist is the crown of all other worships. It is performed 'in spirit and in truth" (John. 4:24).f) The term "Qurbana" is a derivated form of "Qurbono". Following the tradition of the Antiochian Syrian Orthodox Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church uses the Syriac term "Ourbono" which means sacrifice or offering (that which is offered to God). Through the sacrifice of our Lord, we offer ourselves and the whole universe as a sacrifice to the heavenly Father.. This holy sacrifice was instituted and entrusted with His disciples, by our Lord. The church celebrates this holy sacrifice as the continuation of the sacrifice on Calvary. Man, made as little less than God and crowned with glory and honor, (Ps. 8:5) is basically a worshipping creature. The infirmities and gratitude of the creation, bring man to the creator. He stands with a humble heart, bowed head and eyes yearning for God's vision, before the Almighty God who is the Creator and Sustainer of all. Man often enjoys fellowship with God in silence also reminding us of the verse "Be still and know that I am God" (Ps. 46:10).
Passover was the memorial of the flight of the Israelites from Egypt. Moreover, the blood of the Passover lamb was smeared on the two door posts and lintel of the houses, to allow the inhabitants to escape from the plague of destruction (Ex. 12:13). The eternal sacrifice of our Lord marked the end of the bloody sacrifice. This was the end of the Jewish Passover and the beginning of the Christian Passover also. When "the lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world" (Jn. 1:29) was sacrificed, the new Passover was established. The bread used by our Lord for the institution of the Eucharist was leavened bread ("lahmo" - in Syriac and "artos" - in Greek). Hence the Orthodox Churches use leavened bread for Holy Eucharist from the very early days. There is a tradition that, a part of the dough used for making the bread was set apart and kept as leaven when the bread was made for the Last Supper. This leaven is mixed with the dough when the bread is made for the next Eucharist. This tradition is continued even today.
"Do this in remembrance of me" (Lk. 22:19) was the command of our Lord who instituted Holy Eucharist. We read in the book of Acts, how Holy Eucharist was celebrated in the early church (Act. 2:42,46; 20:7). Orthodox Churches, unlike Protestant Churches, give great importance to Holy Eucharist. Holy Eucharist is celebrated on all Sundays, and other feast days except Good Friday. All the other sacraments are perfected by Holy Eucharist. eg. Baptism, Confession, Ordination, Marriage and Anointing of the sick. Also, consecration of the church and Holy Myron are perfected by Holy Eucharist. The church teaches that all who participate in the service should receive Holy Communion. The hymns and prayers in the Holy Eucharist bear witness to this. There is no teaching in the Orthodox Church that there need not be Holy Eucharist when there is none to receive Holy Communion. Administering the Ministry of the Word alone, instead of Holy Eucharist is against Orthodox tradition.
"In remembrance of me" Holy Eucharist is not a mere intellectual calling back to memory of something that happened in the past. It is the calling back to experience in the present tense that which happened in the past. Through worship, and participation in the body and blood of our Lord, we bring to our present experience, our Lord Jesus Christ Himself and His saving acts. We become one with our Lord in Holy Eucharist. The whole account of our Lord's incarnation is brought to remembrance in every Holy Eucharist. In a prayer of the preparatory service of the Holy Eucharist, it is said "we celebrate the memorial of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, and all His saving acts on our behalf, especially the annunciation by the angel, His glorious conception, His bodily birth, His baptism in the River Jordan, His fasting for forty days, His atoning passion, His crucifixion, His life-giving death, His burial in honor, His glorious resurrection, His ascension into heaven and His sitting on the right-hand side of the Father". (Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. Mar Julius Press, Pampakuda - 1986,~Page - 272).
Our Church recognizes written and unwritten foundations for faith, order, and disciplines of the Church.
Holy Bible (Old and New Testament), decisions of Ecumenical Synods, Writings of the Fathers, and Apocryphal Books.
Traditions - the living transmission of the Word of God which has been entrusted to the Apostles by Christ and made complete in the Holy Spirit and lived by the Christian Communities.
1. Luke 1:2: From the beginning eyewitnesses and ministers delivered to us.
2. John 16:12-13: Many things revealed by the Holy Spirit at Pentecost were not recoded in the Bible.
3. John 21:25: There are many things that Jesus did were not written.
17. 2 Timothy 2:2: Things that heard to be committed to faithful men.
20. 3 John 13: Shall speak face to face.
Our Church is very conservative in matters of Faith and very progressive in all other matters of thoughts and actions.
1. Take part in the Divine Liturgy (Holy Eucharist) on Sundays and important Festival and Feast Days. Keep holy the day of Resurrection (Easter).
2. Observe the Fasts and Feasts prescribed by the Church.
3. Refrain from restricted food and wed-locks on Wednesdays and Fridays.
4. Refrain from wed-locks during Fast and Festival days.
5. Confess before priests appointed by the Church for the forgiveness of sins.
6. Receive Holy Eucharist on a regular basis. Lead a sacramental life ... and receive the Sacraments of Penance and Holy Communion at least once a year.
7. Give tithes, offerings, dues, and alms to the Church.
A comparative study of the Jewish tabernacle and the Christian Church would prove the Biblical foundation of the Church. Exodus, especially chapters 25-30, talks about the origin and establishment of the tabernacle. It was built, as instructed by God, with invaluable materials. It is situated east to west; has several names, like Sanctuary (Exodus 25:8); House of the Lord (Exodus 23 19); and Tent of the Testimony (Numbers 9:15). It has the holy of holies and holy place with veil in between them. Holy of Holies had the Ark of the Covenant with the rod of Aaron, the tablets with the ten commandments and a casket with the Manna. Over the Ark was the mercy-seat with two cherubs on either side. Holy Place had the lamp with 7 branches, the table of incense, the table of shewbread, and the altar. Around the tabernacle there was a place of worship for the congregation. Priests used to wash their feet with water before they entered the Sanctuary. This tabernacle was kept at Shiloh (Joshua 18:1), Jerusalem, and finally in the temple built by king Solomon (1 King 8:4).
The building in which we worship is the temple and household of God -- Bethel (Genesis 28:16-19). King Solomon built a house for God -- the Jerusalem Temple (1 Kings 9). We go to Church for fellowship, inspiration, and service. We go to meet God because it is the house of God.
1. The Church building is primarily a PLACE OF WORSHIP (Acts 2:46). We have to feel and enjoy the presence of Our Almighty God when we are in the Church, as did Isaiah (6th chapter) and Zechariahs (Luke 1:11-13). We have to worship Him in truth and spirit (John 4:24).
3. Church is a REST PLACE. We go to Church for relief as Hannah did (1 Samuel 1). Jesus is calling us to do so (Mathew 11:28).
4. Church is a PLACE FOR RENEWAL (Isaiah 40:30-31). If we go prepared and participate in the worship service whole heartedly, we return with a renewed and regenerated heart.
5. Like Gethsemane, Church is a PLACE OF PRAYER AND CONTEMPLATION for personal relationship with God (1 Thessalonians 5:17).
7. Church is a PLACE FOR RECONCILIATION. The actual Liturgy begins with the KISS OF PEACE for reconciliation between the participants. The celebrant proclaims bestowing God's peace several times throughout the Holy Eucharist service.
8. Church is the PLACE TO PARTAKE THE HOLY BODY AND BLOOD OF JESUS CHRIST -- HOLY EUCHARIST AND COMMUNION (Acts 20:7; 1 Corinthians 11:23-26).
9. Church is a place for EXHORTATION AND STUDY (Acts 20:7).
The sign of the Cross, depicting the symbol common to Christians, is integral to Orthodox worship and common prayer. It is made with right hand. The thumb and the first two fingers are held together which signify faith in the Holy Trinity, i.e.. FATHER, SON and HOLY SPIRIT. The last two fingers are bent against the palm. In making the sign of the Cross , we start from the forehead to chest and then touch from the left to the right shoulder. Thus, we confess that the Almighty God came down to earth from heaven, suffered and died on the cross for our sins and redeemed us from Satan (from the slavery of sin to the freedom of righteousness and son ship of God).
The sign of the Cross is both unspoken and a confession of faith and the outward expression of inner prayer. In making the sign of the Cross a person prays with his whole being. With the sign of the Cross we appeal to the redeeming death of the Son of God on the Cross, and with this, the sign of victory, we banish the evil thoughts and feelings that creep in to our minds.
All the blessings are given with the sign of the Cross.
It is essential to make the sign of the Cross when we receive blessings in our liturgy at the time of blessing of the censor waving the censor to the congregation by the deacon, priest or bishop at the time of communion, while kissing the cross and the bishop's hand at the reception of blessings.
In common prayer at the outset of the prayer, thrice at the time of Trisagion thrice at the recital of the praise of Cherubim, thrice at the time of the Creed, thrice at the time of Halleluiah( morning prayer) and when we remember the Cross. The sign of Cross is always , with few exceptions, associated with a bow to the object of prayer, the invisibly present God. First we peacefully make the sign of the Cross and then we bow or do prostration. By making the sign of the Cross we abide in the protective shade of the Holy Cross.
While we believe in the general priesthood of all believers (I Pet. 2:9), we believe in the special priesthood also. This was handed down from the apostles to the bishops and priests, through apostolic succession. We believe that the bishops and priests act as the symbols and representatives of God. Our Lord says that the sins forgiven by the authorized persons, will be forgiven by God. "Receive ye the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven, if you retain the sins of any, they are retained" (St.John 20:23).
The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is a Episcopal church. There is the three-fold ministry of priesthood in the church, namely bishop, priest and deacon. Bishop is the symbol of unity in the church. The church's teachings on priesthood are made clear in the following passage. "Priests are the guides, making the earthly beings a heavenly beings They are the ambassadors of God. They administer the sacraments entrusted to His church. No one can receive this position by himself. This is for those who are elected according to the will of God and those who have received the ordination through the laying on of hands by the bishop. Anyone with out this laying on of hands and permission, has no authority to do any service or to preach in the church. No one is allowed to doubt the validity of the sacraments conducted by those in the priestly service, as long as they are not suspended or dismissed by the holy synod or higher authorities, however unworthy those priests may be. It is also not right to refrain from the services conducted by such priests. As the holy anointing is upon the priests as they conduct the services in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, and as the effect of the service does not depend on the righteousness of the priests, those who participate in the services with good intention and true faith will receive spiritual strength. Those priests who conduct the services in their unworthiness will receive God's punishment. Those who are found to be guilty are to be dismissed and they are not to conduct any sacrament afterwards. The faithful shall not participate in the services conducted by the dismissed priests if they happen to conduct services" (Dionysus, Geevarghese Mar Vattasseril Metropolitan. Mathopadesha Saram - Teachings of the Religion - Page 29, 30).
The Priesthood in the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is largely connected with its foundation, and development of the church through centuries. The history of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church starts with its establishment in 52 A. D. by St. Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of the Jesus Christ. He converted the local Brahmins and ordained presbyters -bishops-, belonging to the four families of Pakalomattam, Sankarapuri, Kali and Kaliankal. St. Thomas also established seven churches in the following places, Maliankara, Paloor, Parur, Gokamangalam, Niranom, Chayal (Nilackal) and Kollam.
Eligibility for ordination and consecration Priesthood is a divine call. God calls people to priesthood through the laity and the ordained ministers. The process for selection to priesthood, in the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is as follows. Deacon/Priest "Those desiring to be ordained shall on the recommendation of the Parish Assembly or on their own, apply to the Diocesan Metropolitan and he after due inquiry, if he feels no objection, shall send them to the Malankara Metropolitan and he according to his convenience, shall send them to the Theological Seminary of the community and if, after needed theological study, the principal of the Seminary certifies that they are fit for ordination, the Diocesan Metropolitan or Malankara Metropolitan will at their discretion ordain them. But after three years of theological studies, if a certificate is issued by the principal, the ordination of "Korooyo" (Reader) may be administered" (Constitution of the Malankara Orthodox~ Syrian Church -Clause 111). Generally, a full deacon (Samsono) is not allowed to marry. Hence the decision about marriage should be taken before ordination as a full deacon. Both married and unmarried deacons can be ordained priests. Marriage of priests is not allowed. This applies also to the priest who becomes a widower. If a priest gets married, he is not allowed to continue as a priest The widow of a priest is expected to remain a widow until her death But second marriage is not forbidden to a deacon, who becomes a widower.
We pray for the departed souls. Some Protestant churches teach that there is no use of praying for the departed souls as the departed souls are inactive. The New Testament tells that the departed souls are active. The departed souls can please God (II Cor.5:9). They are worshiping God day and night (Rev.7:15). Since they are in need of God's grace to please God and to worship Him, it is our duty to pray for them for the necessary grace. As our Lord preached the gospel to the de-parted souls, (I Pet.3: 19) we pray for the repentance and forgiveness of sins of the departed. We believe that the departed souls also can repent, if they are not hardened completely in sin. Intercession of the saints: We seek intercession of the living and departed saints. Some Protestant churches do not seek intercession of the departed saints. Since the departed are watching over us (Heb 12:1) and since they are beyond time and space, (Moses and Elijah appeared at the mount of transfiguration), it is biblical to seek the intercession of the departed saints. They are with us, wherever we are, as they are with God who is with us wherever we are. Infant baptism: We give baptism to the infants also. St. Peter says that the Holy Spirit is given to the infants also (Acts.2:39). As children grow up, they are taught our faith and they are helped to have repentance. Thus they are made to dedicate themselves, especially through the Holy Confession and Holy Qurbana.
Auricular (told privately) confession is necessary as our Lord has given the authority to the church, not only to forgive, but also to retain sins (St.John.20:21-23). Isaiah's sins were forgiven when he confessed (Isa.6:1-6). Holy Confession is also a time in which we renew our baptismal promises. When we confess our sins of commission (doing things we ought not do), we make a promise not to repeat them. When we confess the sins of omission (not doing what we ought to do ), we make a promise not to omit the things in future.
Baptism is the most important of all the Christian Sacraments. But this doesn't reduce the importance of Holy Communion. Baptism is the first step with which one is entering into the church, the body of Christ. Through the turn of centuries Christian churches began to be separated and sub-divided based on difference in faith and practices. It is true that some divisions have happened due to misunderstanding in the interpretation some theological terms.
1. Holy Baptism is a Sacrament, being the gate through which the human being enters into the Christian faith. Therefore, it should be performed with the utmost reverence and awareness by the priests, and received with true faith by the believers.
2. The Sacrament of Baptism shall be performed at the baptistery in the church, except in cases of necessity resulting from extreme sickness or forcible circumstances; then baptism shall be performed in the homes of the believers by permission of the bishop. In this case, a wide and deep basin should be made ready in which water is to be sanctified. This basin is to be used exclusively for baptism. This procedure shall also be followed in countries where we have no church or house of prayer.
3. The bishop as well as the priest shall perform the Sacrament of Baptism fully dressed in his vestments. Incense shall be offered as is required by the rituals of the church.
4. Baptism shall be performed in the morning after the Divine Liturgy, unless an emergency may require its performance before or at any other time.
5. For every male child there must be an Orthodox Godfather, and for every female child an Orthodox Godmother.
6. Two kinds of oils shall be used in the administration of baptism. The oil of ointment (mesh'ho), which is consecrated by the bishop, shall be administered before immersion. The Holy Chrism (myron), which is consecrated by the patriarch, confirms the baptized and shall be administered after baptism.
7. The godparents, before participating in the baptismal ceremony, shall, with due respect and purification, confess and receive Holy Communion. They should also instruct the baptized male or female in the Christian doctrine and religion.
8. The priest shall register the name of the baptized in the church baptismal registry. It is proper and commendable that the baptized be given a Christian name.
9. When the priest baptizes male and female children at the same time, he is not permitted to immerse them simultaneously in the same water. He should immerse the male children first, and after changing the water, the female children. In cases of multiple baptisms, the priest shall immerse the children in descending order with the oldest being first.
10. If a child is near death, the priest shall baptize him without immersion, by pouring water upon his (her) forehead and the rest of his (her) body if possible.
11. The Sacrament of Baptism should be fulfilled two weeks after birth, unless an emergency requires postponement. In such a case, baptism may be performed after one month but not later than two months.
12. A priest can baptize his own child only in cases of emergency or when another priest is not available.
13. If a child is near death, a high deacon (gospeller) can baptize him or her, in the absence of a priest. Later on, if the baptized lives the priest shall confirm the child by anointing him (her) with holy chrism.
14. In an emergency, the priest can baptize even after having had his meal. In an emergency of death, the priest shall use the shortened service of Baptism of Mar Severius, Patriarch of Antioch.
As to the holy water, it should be poured in the baptismal font or in a clean place, such as a field or a garden.
Veneration of Virgin Mary and other saints are considered to be the soul of orthodox piety. Although we accept that Christ is the sole mediator between man and God, we also strongly uphold saints as our advocates or rather interceders in heaven. Saints are those who have showed complete obedience and absolute submission to God while on earth and the glorified saints in heaven receive a special grace of God to intercede on behalf of faithful living on earth. This tradition springs from the belief that we are joined by a cloud of witnesses and communion of saints in our worship and that we are aided by the prayers and intercessions of saints in running our race faithfully to its end.
Orthodox faith also believes in the communion of living and departed faithful ones in worship, i.e. the union of all who share in the life of Christ. Those who die in faith and grace do not sever the bonds of this spiritual communion even when they are physically separated and continues to be active in worshipping and praising God. We are expressing our love to our forefathers by praying for them and keeping alive their memories for us to emulate. At the same time we are preserving the unity between church on earth and church in heaven.


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Home » Comic Book News
DC Closes Vertigo; Uniting Under One Brand
Following the rumor, DC Comics now announces and confirms they are closing Vertigo, and they also announce they are uniting everything under one brand.
The official announcement below includes that DC Comics will now be organized under three age-specific levels:
DC Kids will focus on readers ages 8-12 and offer content created specifically for the middle-grade reader
DC, focusing on ages 13+, will primarily be the current DC universe of characters
DC Black Label will focus on content appropriate for readers 17 and older
Here is the official announcement:
DC DOUBLES DOWN ON ITS BRAND, UNITES ALL PUBLISHING UNDER A SINGLE BANNER
Beginning in 2020
All Content will be Organized Under Three Age-Specific Labels:
DC Kids, DC and DC Black Label
Vertigo Publishing Imprint to be sunset at the End of the Year
DC announced today that beginning in 2020, all of its publishing content will be organized and marketed under the DC brand, creating three age-specific labels – DC Kids, DC and DC Black Label – that would absorb all of its existing imprints and focus DC's publishing content around characters and stories that evolve and mature along with the awareness and sensibilities of DC's readers. As a result of this new labeling strategy, DC will sunset the Vertigo publishing imprint at the end of the year.
The new segmentation, featuring the new age rating system, will launch in January 2020. Books currently being published under the recently launched DC Zoom and DC Ink imprints, which are focused on the middle grade and young adult segments, respectively, will be assigned to the DC Kids and DC labels depending on the content and intended audiences.
"We're returning to a singular presentation of the DC brand that was present throughout most of our history until 1993 when we launched Vertigo to provide an outlet for edgier material," said DC Publisher Dan DiDio. "That kind of material is now mainstream across all genres, so we thought it was the right time to bring greater clarity to the DC brand and reinforce our commitment to storytelling for all of our fans in every age group. This new system will replace the age ratings we currently use on our material."
The three labels will be structured as follows:
"What we've done here is apply an ages and stages organizing philosophy that will strengthen what we're already doing well, whether that is our move into the young adult and middle grade audience or our long track record of success with creator-driven pop-up lines," said DC Publisher and Chief Creative Officer Jim Lee. "We will also continue to publish creator-owned projects, and will evaluate and assign to the appropriate label to help our fans find the best books for their interests. These new labels not only bring greater consistency and focus to our characters, but they also open up a wealth of new opportunities for the talent working on our books."
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Five honored by Boy Scouts with Good Turn Awards
County health commissioner Steve Lonsigner recognized for leadership
ZANESVILLE - Five individuals from across the region were recently honored with Good Turn Awards by the Muskingum Valley Council of Boy Scouts of America.
It was the first year for the awards, designed specifically to recognize servant leaders. Each recipient will have $250 donated in their name to a charity of choice.
Honored for Coshocton was Coshocton County Health Commissioner Steve Lonsinger. He was the director of environmental health at the department for 16 years before becoming health commissioner in 2015. He did undergraduate studies in agronomy at Ohio State University's College of Agriculture and earned a master's degree in public administration from OSU. The council said it was thankful for Lonsinger's leadership and guidance while working closely with summer camp staff to prepare for the opening of the camp outside Conesville this summer. Lonsingers is donating his $250 to the United Way of Coshocton County.
Recognized in Zanesville was Jamie Trout, executive director of Eastside Community Ministry since 2015. Prior to that she worked as the resident services supervisor at the Zanesville Metropolitan Housing Authority. She's currently a member of Zanesville Daybreak Rotary, Muskingum County Hunger Network board, Operation Feed co-chair and sits on several other committees. She's also assistant pastor at House of Grace Church and assists with many outreach programs. She is donating her $250 to Eastside Ministry.
Honored for Marietta was John Triplett, judge of Washington County Common Pleas Court and a partner in Theisen & Brock LPA. He graduated from Marietta High School in 1977, earned a bachelor's degree at Vanderbilt University and a law degree from Ohio Northern University. He began his law career in the U.S. Army as a member of the judge advocate general corps. He's a member of the Million Dollar Advocate Forum and the Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation. He has served as president of the Bar Association. Some of his Scouting accolades include District Award of Merit, Silver Beaver Award and Distinguished Silver Beaver Award. He's also an NRA Instructor, Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy instructor, Red Cross executive board member and is a member of the Veterans Hall of Fame. He was awarded the 2019 Distinguished Citizen of the Year by the Fraternal Order of Police in Parkersburg, West Virginia. His $250 will go to the Ely Chapman Education Foundation.
Honored from Cambridge was John Harmon, a retired junior high school teacher mostly instructing in math and computer skills. He spent four years at Meadowbrook Junior High and 21 years at Cambridge Junior High. He's a member of Christ's Lutheran Church in Cambridge, Cambridge Lions Club, vice president of the board of trustees of Guernsey County Habitat for Huamanity and co-chair of the building and grounds and long range planning committees. He also volunteers at the Living Word Outdoor Drama and Dickens Victorian Village. He's an active member of Chordial Barbership Chorus, Cambridge Singers, Coshocton Community Choir and Muskingum University Choral Society. He's donating his $250 to the Living Word Outdoor Drama.
Honored from Mount Vernon was Randy Metler, who achieved Eagle Scout in 1981. He's helped run the biannual book sale for the Friends of the Library of Mount Vernon and Knox County since 2003. In 2009, Metler and his wife started the Friends of the Library Warehouse. He volunteers about 24 to 30 hours a week as manager of the warehouse. He has also served as a mentor to teens who must complete community service hours at the book warehouse through the Knox County court system. Metler has donated building space to the Whiskers Connection, a non-profit no-kill cat rescue. His $250 went to the Muskingum Valley Council.
© 2021 www.coshoctontribune.com. All rights reserved.


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Adrian Curaj (born October 14, 1958) is a Romanian electrical engineer who was named Education Minister in the new government of Dacian Cioloș in November 2015. He was removed during a cabinet reshuffle the following July.

In 2010, Curaj became director of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI).

He is a professor at the Politehnica University of Bucharest, where he teaches in the research management department, and directs the university's Center for Strategic Management and Quality Assurance in Higher Education.

He is also Head of The Department of UNESCO for Policies in Science and Innovation at the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA).

Adrian Curaj is the artisan and promoter of the "Laser Valley - Land of Lights" project, which involves the development of a smart city and a dynamic, innovative and entrepreneurial community around the ELI Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) in Măgurele (Romania). In fact, Curaj was named in 2016 as a High Representative of the Prime Minister for the development of ecosystem based on science, innovation and entrepreneurship associated with the pan-European infrastructure of ELI-NP.

Biography
In 1983, Curaj graduated from the electronics and telecommunications faculty of the Politehnica University of Bucharest.

He holds a Ph.D. in Automatic Systems from the Politehnica University of Bucharest and a Master of Business Administration from ASEBUSS Bucharest and University of Washington in Seattle. He was granted a certificate in Business Administration - Global Management Program, from the Institute of Business and Public Administration of Bucharest, in partnership with  Kennesaw State University.

He was the president of the National Authority for Scientific Research, with the rank of State Secretary, in 2009-2010. He was the advisor to Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu in the field of Science and Innovation, during 2007-2008.

Curaj has been working as a consultant with World Bank, UNESCO, UNIDO, ETF and EC for studies in Tertiary Education, Science and Innovation, and Foresight. He has been involved as project leader or expert in many research projects, most of them in research management, higher education management and foresight, areas where he also published scientific articles and books. Two of the inventions he is co-author received gold medals at the Geneva Invention Salon 2009 and 2013.

In 2000, Curaj was awarded the National Order of Merit as Officer for contributions to the development of science and innovation. In 2009 and 2013 he won gold medals at the International Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva and in 2014 he was included by Foreign Policy Romania in the Top 100 people who move the country forward – the innovation section.

Notes

1958 births
Living people
Romanian electrical engineers
Romanian Ministers of Education
Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
Academic staff of the Politehnica University of Bucharest
University of Washington alumni
Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Romania)


Surreal Fashion | Miss Aniela.
Surreal Fashion is where fashion meets fine art, and beauty meets absurdity. Dreamy characters bask in opulent worlds from the sublime to the bizarre: zoo animals peer from chateaus, a yellow tulle dress explodes into canaries, and painted ships dance upon the 'waves' of a model's cascading skirts.
In the series, artist Miss Aniela (Natalie Dybisz) blurs boundaries between fine art, fashion and commercial styles. Surreal Fashion is also a direct fusion of contemporary photography with classical reference – many of the images notably feature elements from classical paintings including Adriaen van Utrecht, Melchior d'Hondecoeter and Jean-Baptiste Greuze, strategically combining modern with old, and birthing a new creation from paintstroke to pixel. The result is a visual feast crossing centuries of art history.
Surreal Fashion has been exhibited by the Saatchi Gallery, Waldermarsudde Museum Stockholm and Photo Vogue at Corso Como in Milan; and in numerous media including Plastik Magazine, Yahoo, Nikon Pro, and Elle Thailand. Miss Aniela has been working on the collection for over 6 years, shooting extensively with production teams on location worldwide – from French chateaus to LA mansions, to classic English manor houses and kitsch prophouses.
Model is Annabelle Lyttle. Dress & styling byLeonid Gurevich. Necklaces: Marina Prokopiva, bracelets by Clara Kasavina. Hair by Numi Empire, make-up by Nadine Vendryes Stylist's assistants: Marina Gurevich, Michelle Ortega. Assistants on set: Brent McCombs & Catherine Jolley. Shoot producer: Matt Lennard.
Storm Door © Miss Aniela Photography, all rights reserved.
'WHITE WITCH AWAKENING'… bringing animals to life with the power of her spell! Shot with the incredible new Nikon D810, during a phenomenal top secret shoot with live zebra in the most eccentric location in Britain. Don't miss this 7-minute piece of cinema taking you behind the scenes: http://youtu.be/lHOZyLpyKEk Photography & production: Miss Aniela / Model: Mimy Ellis / Stylist: Leonid Gurevich / Hair: Tati Zarubova / Makeup: Elbie van Eeden / Assistants: plenty / Nikon D810 with 35mm f1.4 / Shot in Nikon's FLAT Picture Control which gives the look of this scene such superior dynamic range.


After nearly six months of blogging I have decided to give things a bit of a freshen up, with a new colour scheme and header.
And after a bit of cajoling, I have decided to stop hiding behind the anonymous byline and fess up to who is actually doing the writing (in part because a good number of those reading my stuff already know who I am anyway!).
If you are interested enough to look at my About Me page, you will see that I was most recently with a global macro hedge fund in London – COMAC Capital. Unfortunately we closed earlier this year, hence I had some time to start blogging. But I think it is just about time to get a paid job (!), so if any hedge funds out there want an economist, drop me a line.


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Trump Staffer Sues Trump for Kissing Her
Date26 Feb 2019
Alva Johnson, a former Trump campaign staffer, has filed a lawsuit against President Donald Trump, claiming that he kissed her without her consent during the 2016 race.
According to the lawsuit, Johnson noticed that Trump was making eye contact with her while he was meeting with volunteers and signing autographs inside an RV in Florida. When Trump found out that he was due for his next rally, she urged him to "to go there and kick ass." Trump then allegedly took her hand and praised her efforts.
"As Defendant Trump spoke, he tightened his grip on Ms. Johnson's hand and leaned towards her. He moved close enough that she could feel his breath on her skin," the lawsuit states. "Ms. Johnson suddenly realized that Defendant Trump was trying to kiss her on the mouth, and attempted to avoid this by turning her head to the right. Defendant Trump kissed her anyway, and the kiss landed on the corner of her mouth."
The lawsuit claims that then Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi smiled when the incident occurred and then-State Director Karen Giorno grabbed her elbow and gave it an approving tug.
After the incident, Johnson allegedly called her partner and then her parents and informed them about what happened.
Johnson was hired for the campaign in January 2016, but after the "Access Hollywood" tape was publicized in October 2016, she sought legal counsel for the RV incident. The lawyer decided not to take the case. Johnson quit the campaign shortly after.
"She continued to feel considerable emotional distress because of the forced kiss, and had nightmares about it," the lawsuit claims.
The lawsuit additionally alleges that Johnson didn't receive fair compensation compared to her male colleagues.
"Ms. Johnson was also underpaid compared to similarly qualified and less qualified male staffers," the lawsuit states. "She did not know this fact until very recently. Ms. Johnson's experience is not isolated— indeed, the Campaign engaged in systemic gender discrimination in pay against its female employees."
Hassan Zavareei, Johnson's lawyer, said that she is only one in a long line of victims in Trump's predation.
"Unlike so many of the other victims, she's the only one with the ability to sue him directly for his sexual misconduct. The other lawsuits have been for defamation or some of the victims haven't been able to bring any lawsuits at all because they've been barred by statute of limitations," he said. "For that reason, I think she's uniquely situated to hold him accountable for an actual act of sexual assault."
If you would like to read more law related news stories, visit our news feed at Cohen & Cohen, P.C.
Amazon Worker With Crohn's Disease Fired
Lawsuit to Ban Brothels in Nevada


The File Allocation Table is the keystone of DOS or the Disk Operating System, the basic operating system that PC's have used for many years. While DOS handles other tasks, such as orchestrating printers, keyboards, and monitors, the bulk of the effort is managing how a single file is stored (and sometimes scattered) on the magnetic bits of a floppy or hard drive. This same concept is still in use in modern "file systems", which organize the manner in which bits are stored on disk.
An analogy of FAT can be found in a library that uses a card system to look for a book.
You can search by book title and the card will tell you where in the library to look for the book. Take the concept further by visualizing a book is still in the library, however the different chapters are scattered through different parts of the library.
The index card would tell you that 1) the book is there, and 2) where you would find the different chapters or even pages of chapters in the library. This is how FAT works.
If you delete a book from the library because the book was out dated, you could insert a new book in whatever spaces were available in the library. Over time, your library would become quite scattered and it would take a bit of time to get the data together on one entire book. In a computer file system, this is known as fragmentation, and it slows down the computer much like you'd be slowed down getting a book in the far corner of your library.
You can improve easily improve performance by running a defragmentation program.
This program is also known as disk defragmenter. In "geek shortspeak" we refer to this as Defragging or Defrag. Microsoft includes a defrag utility in Microsoft Windows. Other software vendors also sell enhanced defrag utilities, which do a more thorough job or perhaps have more features ('bells and whistles') in the program. For most users, though, the Windows defrag program is all that you need.


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Benchmarking Istio 1.5.0 and Linkerd 2.7.1 (Master Thesis)
Post author:Lars Larsson
Post category:Research
Erik Dahlberg wrote his Master Thesis with us at Elastisys, and successfully defended it in June 2020. In this blog post, we share the major outcomes of his work. With close ties to academia, Elastisys is a great place to do your Master Thesis work. Please contact us if you want to do like Erik did and dive deep into a cloud-native technology!
Key takeaway messages
For most intents and purposes, Istio and Linkerd offer equivalent feature sets.
Istio has a stronger multi-cluster story than Linkerd does.
Istio has a significantly larger community and thought leadership position.
Our benchmark results show that Istio consumed more memory, but added less latency.
Linkerd also seemed to reach some internal limitation sooner than Istio, however, the root cause of this was not analyzed.
The remainder of this blog post contains the text written by Erik Dahlberg, edited slightly for the web.
Service mesh is a relatively new subject that has grown in the microservice community over the last few years. To date, there exist multiple service mesh implementations with different architectural approaches ranging from smaller open-source projects to major endeavours being backed by big companies such as Google. This introduces questions about how mature the current service mesh projects are and what performance impact they have.
Thesis goals
The goals of this thesis have been to analyze services meshes based on the following criteria:
Features: analyze feature sets
Maturity: analyze the overall project maturity
Ease of use: describe the process and ease of deploying the service mesh into already existing microservice application
Performance: evaluate the overhead introduced by integrating a service mesh into a microservice application
Background: what is a service mesh?
Trying to describe service mesh in one sentence – "A service mesh is a mesh of useful/necessary features bundled together in a way so they can be applied to your application without the need of doing any code modification (features that you probably needed anyway)". One example of this is resilience features, "probably" needed for every service you are to create. Instead of rewriting resilience libraries for every service in your application, yes services (they can be in different languages). You instead throw a service mesh in the mix and it's done without modifying your service. So now you probably asking yourself, what is this magic? It's actually a pretty easy solution.
A services mesh works by intercepting all communication to and from a service. Traffic interception is usually done by deploying proxy instances beside each service, so called sidecar injection, referring the proxy as the sidecar. This allows the service mesh to intercept and manage traffic without application modification. This enables key features such as metric gathering (e.g. latency, error rate), traffic management (e.g. splitting traffic between services, replicating traffic for testing), security (applying authentication and encrypted communication between services with mTLS) and resilience (e.g. retries, timeouts and circuit braking). The behavior of the proxy instances are steered by a set of management components referred to as the control plane. All proxies running alongside the services in the mesh are usually referred to as the data plane.
A good article describing why service mesh are useful that also talks about how they work is, "The Service Mesh: What Every Software Engineer Needs to Know about the World's Most Over-Hyped Technology" by William Morgan. He is the current CEO of Buoyant and was also one of the creators of Linkerd.
Istio and Linkerd: service meshes selected for this thesis
For finding services meshes to compare I used the Cloud Native Landscape, which is available at the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). This site is a resource map to help enterprises and developers to find cloud-native technologies. The service meshes presented by the Cloud Native Landscape can be seen below. Istio was selected due to its popularity (most GitHub stars). Linkerd due to its architectural design being similar to Istio and for being hosted by CNCF.
Istio is an open-source project publicly released for the first time in May 2017 by Google, IBM and Lyft. Its architecture follows the common approach of using sidecars to integrate into a microservice application. The architecture is divided into two main parts, a data plane and a control plane. The data plane represents the sidecars, intercepting and managing all network communication between services. The control plane manages and configures the behavior of data plane and the service mesh.
Linkerd
Linkerd was for the first time released in 2016 by Buoyant. It was later to be redesigned and rewritten in Rust and Go for Kubernetes to lower the resource footprint and create a simpler solution. This newer version was introduced in December, 2017 as a separate service mesh project called Conduit. Conduit was later on July 6, 2018 merged into the Linkerd as a separate Linkerd project creating Linkerd 2.0. This thesis henceforth studies Linkerd 2.x and refers to it as Linkerd.
To date, Linkerd only supports Kubernetes and actually requires it to run compared to Linkerd 1.x that supports multiple environments. The Linkerd architecture is based on the sidecars principle mentioned earlier. The architecture is divided into two parts: the control plane and date plane, the date plane represents the proxy servers running alongside each application and intercept all communication. The control plane is split up into several services control the behavior of the data plane and collect telemetry about the network and service mesh.
Feature comparison: Istio vs. Linkerd
Linkerd is explicitly written for Kubernetes, to date only supporting Kubernetes. Istio is designed to run in any environment claiming to be platform-independent. To date, Istio runs on Kubernetes, Consul (alpha phase) and individual virtual machines (they can be connected into an existing Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes).
Both meshes provide observability by using web-interfaces (dashboard) and preinstalled Grafana dashboards. Grafana is used to display information stored in the Prometheus datebase (e.g. CPU/memory of each pod and container). The web-interface is used to display and interact with the mesh, showing inject/uninjected pods and communication between services. Displaying golden metrics such as success rate, traffic (requests per second), latencies and saturation (system utilization). Both meshes provide distributed tracing but application modification is needed to propagate headers.
Resiliency features are also supported such as retries and timeouts, allowing the sidecar to retry failed requests and timeouts, if replies are too slow. Fault injection for introducing errors to services. Traffic shifting for dynamically shifting traffic between services. Istio also provides circuit breaking, that breaks all connection to a service after a fixed amount of concurrent connections of failed calls.
Security with authentication and encryption with mTLS are supported by both meshes. Linkerd automatically enables mTLS for most HTTP traffic, some gaps (e.g. Host header in HTTP request is an IP address). Istio has a strict mode that can be toggled to allow only traffic with mTLS or both mTLS and plain-text.
A shorter list of some of the features provided by both meshes:
For a more thorough and up to date list that also compares other services meshes, see https://servicemesh.es/.
Project maturity: Istio vs. Linkerd
Both projects give a mature feeling by both having an increasing community growth with an established community governance.
Istio has, to date, 22.8 thousand stars and is steered by their Steering Committee formed to oversee the administrative aspects of the project, including governance, branding, and marketing. The committee has 10 seats held by companies currently from IBM (3 seats), Google (6 seats) and Red Hat (1 seat). They also determine the members of the Technical Oversight Committee (TOC), responsible for project oversight, direction and delivery. The community is organized into working groups focusing on a specific area (e.g. documentation and security).
Linkerd has, to date, 5.5 thousand stars and is hosted by the CNCF project. The governance is split up into two roles, maintainer (8 people) and super-maintainer (2 people). Maintainer oversees one or more components, handling pull requests, sorting issues, etc. Super-maintainers oversee the project, guiding the general project direction. Project decisions are resolved by consensus otherwise the majority vote by the super-maintainer and maintainer. Maintainers are voted in by a 2/3 majority organization vote.
The trajectory of GitHub stars and forks from Istio and Linkerd can be seen in the figure below. Displaying an increase for both meshes since their release at GitHub. Istio has had a more rapid increase than Linkerd, especially when Linkerd actually is older than Istio with the predecessor Linkerd 1.
Ease of use: Istio vs. Linkerd
Both meshes support deployment with command line interface (CLI) and Helm for deployment. This with automatic sidecar injection makes both meshes fast and easy to deploy, without any application modification. Both meshes can actually be deployed with just CLI commands, first for deploying the mesh and secondly for injecting sidecars. Services injected with side-cars can both be seen through kubectl and provided service meshes dashboard.
Benchmarking performance: Istio vs. Linkerd
Benchmark setup
To evaluate the performance of the two meshes, a testbed was created. The testbed is deployed in a Kubernetes cluster on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) consisting of five n1-standard-4 virtual machines, each having 4 vCPUs and 15 GB memory. The benchmark is ran three times: without service mesh (reference point), with Istio version 1.5.0 and with Linkerd version 2.7.1.
Both service meshes provide a range of features that can be toggled on and off for tuning and performance purposes. However, for fair comparison, they were in stock configuration following installation from their "Start Guide". Istio has a set of predefined configuration profiles, the current one used is called "demo".
The testbed consists of three parts: load generator, test application and a metric collection unit. All deployed in the same GKE cluster to produce results with less noise. The test application is a micro-service application called TeaStore, emulating a web store for browsing and shopping tea supplies. Teastore consists of seven services (referring to the datebase as a service) each deployed in a separate pod. Each service is deployed on a specific node using nodeSelector. This guarantees that each pod is always deployed on the same node between benchmarks (redeployment of application pods are needed when switching between service meshes). The application is reached through the front-end which is the WebUI hosting the website.
Load is generated with the load testing tool Apache Jmeter. Load is generated by a specified number of users, each iterating over a list of 8 different HTTP requests, emulating users browsing and using the store. Each user is set to produce a constant throughput of requests. Latency is measured from Jmeter and CPU/memory is gather with node exporter and Prometheus.
The benchmark ran 3 times like I mentioned before. Each benchmark consists of 5 runs ranging from 5 to 40 users (5, 10, 20, 30, 40). Each user is set to create a constant throughput of 5 requests per second (RPS). Each benchmark starts with a warm up for 3 minutes with 20 users generating a constant load for the application, to warm-up TeaStore caches, etc. Each benchmark is running 14 minutes per user group, with a waiting period of 5 minutes between user groups.
Performance benchmark results: Istio vs. Linkerd
The latency (time to first byte) are gathered from all request types, presented in milliseconds. Comparing both to Bare (no service mesh) makes it clear that both meshes add latency. In the 75th percentile at 20 users the increase between Bare(18 ms) and Istio(42 ms) is 133%, compared to Linkerd's (49 ms) 175% increase. Istio seems to overall perform better with less latency overhead compared to Linkerd. It can also be seen that the latency for Bare increases at a slower rate with the number of users compared to the service meshes.
Also worth mentioning that you can neglect the large increase for Linkerd at 40 users, will talk about this in the conclusion.
The CPU Utilization is gathered from the complete cluster (except nodes with Jmeter), the total amount available is 20 vCPU (20000m). The unit m stands for "thousandth of a core", 1000m is equivalent to one core. At 20 users the CPU utilization increase between Bare(2226 m) and Istio(5132 m) is 131%, compared to Linkerd's (4386 m) 97% increase. Showing that Istio uses more CPU compared to Linkerd and that both consume more than Bare.
Memory usage
The memory usage is gathered from the complete cluster (except nodes with Jmeter), the total amount available is 60000 megabytes. At 20 users the memory usage increase between Bare(9749 MB) and Istio (14152 MB) is 45%, compared to Linkerd's (10947 MB) 11% increase. It can also be seen in the figure that Istio memory consumption seems to increase with the number of users. Showing that Linkerd has a clear advantage when it comes to memory consummation.
Overall, both service meshes perform well, offering a good range of features, ease of use and a mature community. Istio is more popular providing more features and has a slightly upper hand in terms of latency, making it the best choice if performance and future support outside Kubernetes are important. Linkerd provides better resource consumption making it a better choice for machines with less computational power or if the added latency is less important. It can also be worth mentioning that Google currently controls Istio (having majority in the board) and that Linkerd is hosted by Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). There have been some concerns if Google is going to give Istio to a nonprofit foundation or not. Google has also mentioned that they will in a near future give away Istio.
It needs to be mentioned that Linkerd was not able to maintain the wanted throughput of 40 users, resulting in a higher latency and lower CPU utilization at 40 users. The effect seems to be similar to a CPU bottleneck, where the maximum throughput is higher at the point before the CPU reaches its limit. This might be some type of resource limit in Linkerd, because none of the nodes during the test was close to reaching 50 percent CPU utilization.
Tags: Blog, Master Thesis
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Lars holds a PhD in Computer Science, is a senior cloud architect at Elastisys, and a DevOps expert engineer.
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Alexander: House-Passed Bill Fixing No Child Left Behind is "a Kissing Cousin" of Bill Supported by All 10 Senate Education Committee Republicans
Says Senate should approve legislation like House bill and end trend toward a "national school board"
"The combination of Congress's failure to act on No Child Left Behind, together with Race to the Top and the Education Secretary's unprecedented use of the waiver authority have combined to create a congestion of federal mandates and rules that amount to, in effect, a national school board. It will be better for children to move responsibility for deciding which schools and teachers are succeeding or failing back to parents, teachers and communities, which is where such decisions belong."—Lamar Alexander
WASHINGTON, July 19—The senior Republican on the U.S. Senate education committee today said the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act passed by the House of Representatives is a "kissing cousin" of the bill supported by all 10 Republicans on the Senate education committee, and urged the Senate to approve legislation like the House bill and end the trend toward "a national school board."
Senator Lamar Alexander (R-Tenn.) said: "The combination of Congress's failure to act on No Child Left Behind, together with Race to the Top and the Education Secretary's unprecedented use of the waiver authority have combined to create a congestion of federal mandates and rules that amount to, in effect, a national school board. It will be better for children to move responsibility for deciding which schools and teachers are succeeding or failing back to parents, teachers and communities, which is where such decisions belong."
Permalink: https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2013/7/alexander-house-passed-bill-fixing-no-child-left-behind-is-a-kissing-cousin-of-bill-supported-by-all-10-senate-education-committee-republicans