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text:
DIS3-like exonuclease 1 (Dis3L1 or Dis3L) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DIS3L gene. Its protein product is an RNase enzyme homologous to the yeast protein Rrp44, and can be part of the exosome complex in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

References

EC 3.1.13

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

In quantum mechanics for a system, the construction of a proper quantum
Hamiltonian operator takes the central position. For a free particle
constrained to live on a curved surface or a curved space, DeWitt in 1957
used a specific generalization of Feynman's time-sliced formula in Cartesian
coordinates and found a surprising result that his amplitude turned out to
satisfy a Schr\"{o}dinger equation different from what had previously
assumed by Schr\"{o}dinger \cite{Sch} and Podolsky \cite{podolsky}. In
addition to the kinetic term which is Laplace-Beltrami operator divided by
two times of mass, his Hamilton operator contained an extra effective
potential proportional to the intrinsic curvature scalar.

Jensen and Koppe\ in 1972 \cite{jk} and subsequently da Costa \cite{dacosta}
in 1981 developed a thin-layer quantization (also known as confining
potential formalism) to deal with the free motion on the curved surface and
demonstrated that the particle experiences a quantum potential that is a
function of the intrinsic and extrinsic curvatures of the curved surface,
which was later called the \textit{geometric potential }\cite{2004}. By the
thin-layer quantization we mean a treatment of ($n-1$)-dimensional smooth
surface $S^{n-1}$ in flat space $R^{n}$ ($n\succeq 1$) and two infinitely
high potential walls at the distance $\delta \rightarrow 0$ from the
surface. Since the excitation energies of the particle in the direction
normal to the surface are much larger than those in the tangential direction
so that the degree of freedom along the normal direction is actually frozen
to the ground state, an effective dynamics for the constrained system on the
surface is thus established. This thin-layer quantization has a distinct
feature for no presence of operator-ordering difficulty or other
ambiguities. It is thus a powerful tool to examine various curvature-induced
consequences in low-dimensional curved nanostructures, for instance,
spin-orbit interaction of electrons on a curved surface \cite{2001}, the
mechanical-quantum-bit states \cite{2004}, the geometry-induced charge
separation on helicoidal ribbon \cite{20091}, the curvature-induced p-n
junctions in bilayer graphene \cite{20092}, the periodic curvature dependent
electrical resistivity of corrugated semiconductor films \cite{20093} as
well as the geometry-driven shift in the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid \cit
{20094}, electronic band-gap opening in corrugated graphene \cite{2010},
low-temperature resistivity anomalies in periodic curved surfaces \cit
{20101}, curvature effects in thin magnetic shells \cite{2014}, and the
induced magnetic moment for a spinless charged particle on a curved wire
\cite{2015}, etc. \cite{packet1,packet2,packet3,packet4,packet5}
Experimental confirmations include: an optical realization of the geometric
potential \cite{exp1} in 2010 and the geometric potential in a
one-dimensional metallic $\mathit{C}_{60}$ polymer with an uneven periodic
peanut-shaped structure in 2012 \cite{exp2}. Applying the thin-layer
quantization to momentum operators which are fundamentally defined as
generators of a space translation, we have geometric momenta \cite{liu13-2}
which depends on the extrinsic curvatures of the curved surface.

It is generally accepted that the canonical quantization offers a
fundamental framework to directly construct the quantum operators, and the
\textit{fundamental quantum conditions} are commutators\ between components
of position and momentum \cite{dirac1,dirac2}. Many explorations have been
devoted to searching for the \textit{geometric potential }within the
framework \cit
{geoquan,homma,ogawa1,ogawa2,ikegami,mbbj,ILNC,kleinert,Tagirov,hong,Golovnev,2011,weinberg
. It is curious that no attempt is successful for even simplest
two-dimensional curved surface $S^{2}$ embedded in $R^{3}$. The best result
was to start from surface equation $df(x)/dt=0$, the time $t$ derivative of
the direct one $f(x)=0$ rather than $f(x)=0$ itself, to obtain a potential
depending on the the intrinsic and extrinsic curvatures via two arbitrary
real coefficients \cite{ikegami}. Some results are contradictory with each
other, for instance, for a free particle on a ($n-1$) dimensional sphere
Kleinert and Shabanov predicted no existence of any quantum potential \cit
{kleinert}, but Hong and Rothe gave a quantum potential whose $n$-dependent
multiple is $(n+1)(n-3)$ \cite{hong}, whereas the thin-layer quantization
presented $(n-1)(n-3)$ for such a multiple \cite{ogawa1,ikegami,liu13-1}. We
revisited all these attempts, and concluded that the canonical quantization
together with Schr\"{o}dinger-Podolsky-DeWitt approach of Hamiltonian
operator construction was dubious, for the kinetic energy in it takes some
presumed forms that are primarily a sum of the Cartesian momenta squared.
Since 2011, we have tried to enlarge the canonical quantization scheme to
simultaneously quantize the Hamiltonian together with positions and momenta
\cite{liu11}, rather than substituted the position and momentum operators
into some presumed forms of Hamiltonian. Yet the success is limited. i) We
obtained the geometric momentum which is identical to that given by the
thin-layer quantization \cite{liu13-2}, and ii) we got the correct form of
geometric potential for the ($n-1$) dimensional sphere \cite{liu13-1}, but
iii) there are ambiguities associated with geometric potential for other
curved surfaces \cite{liu17}.

In this Letter, we report that for a particle on a two-dimensional curved
surface, simultaneous quantization of the Hamiltonian together with the
fundamental quantities as position, momentum and the \textit{angular momentu
}, the Hamiltonian includes correct form of the geometric potential. It is
the first time to achieve this result within the canonical quantization
scheme.

\section{Dirac's theory of the constrained systems: Classical and quantum
mechanics}

Let us consider a non-relativistically free particle that is constrained to
remain on a surface described by a constraint in configurational space
f(x)=0$, where $f(x)$ is some smooth function of position $x$, whose normal
vector is $\mathbf{n}\equiv \nabla f(x)/|\nabla f(x)|$. We can always choose
the equation of the surface such that $|\nabla f(x)|=1$, so that $\mathbf{n
\equiv \nabla f(x)$. In classical mechanics, the Hamiltonian is simply
H=p^{2}/2\mu $ where $p$ denotes the momentum, and $\mu $ denotes the mass.
However, in quantum mechanics, we can not impose the usual canonical
commutation relations $[x_{i},p_{j}]=i\hbar \delta _{ij}$, ($i,j=1,2,3$).
Dirac was aware of the fact the presence of this constraint which needed to
be eliminated before quantization could very well cause the remaining
classical phase to not admit Cartesian coordinates.

\subsection{Dirac brackets formulation of the classical motion}

Dirac gave a general theory for a large class of constrained Hamiltonian
systems including the motion on the surface \cite{dirac1}. He introduced a
bracket instead of the Poisson one $[f(x,p),g(x,p)]_{P}$ between any pair of
quantitates $f(x,p)$ and $g(x,p)$ in the following,
\begin{equation}
\lbrack f(x,p),g(x,p)]_{D}\equiv \lbrack f(x,p),g(x,p)]_{P}-[f(x,p),\chi
_{\alpha }(x,p)]_{P}C_{\alpha \beta }^{-1}[\chi _{\beta }(x,p),g(x,p)]_{P},
\label{diracbracket}
\end{equation
where repeated indices are summed over in whole of this Letter, and
C_{\alpha \beta }\equiv \lbrack \chi _{\alpha }(x,p),\chi _{\beta }(x,p)]_{P}
$ are the matrix elements in the constraint matrix $\left( C_{\alpha \beta
}\right) $ and the functions $\chi _{\alpha }(q,p)$ ($\alpha ,\beta =1,2$)
are two constraints \cite{weinberg},
\begin{equation}
\chi _{1}(x,p)\equiv f(x)\left( =0\right) ,\text{and }\chi _{2}(x,p)\equiv
\mathbf{n\cdot p}\left( =0\right) \mathbf{.}  \label{constraints}
\end{equation
The bracket $[f(x,p),g(x,p)]_{D}$ is called the Dirac bracket. We have
elementary Dirac brackets in the following, with use of symbol
n_{i,j}\equiv \partial n_{i}/\partial x_{j}$ \cite{weinberg}
\begin{align}
\lbrack x_{i},x_{j}]_{D}& =0,  \label{xx} \\
\lbrack x_{i},p_{j}]_{D}& =\delta _{ij}-n_{i}n_{j},  \label{xp} \\
\lbrack p_{i},p_{j}]_{D}& =(n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}.  \label{pp}
\end{align
These brackets were in general taken the fundamental set which after
quantization forms the set of the so-called fundamental quantum conditions
\cite{dirac1,dirac2}. In classical mechanizes, the motion particle follows
the geodesic whose curvature is $\kappa $ and torsion is $\tau $. Now we
define the orbital angular momentum $\mathbf{G}\equiv \mathbf{x}\times
\mathbf{p}$ for a particle on a curved surface. We do not use the
conventional symbol $\mathbf{L}$ that is usually used to denote the orbital
angular momentum where three components form a so(3) algebra
[L_{i},L_{j}]_{P}=\varepsilon _{ijk}L_{k}$. For the particle on the curved
surface, we have after calculations
\begin{equation}
\lbrack G_{i},G_{j}]_{D}=\varepsilon _{ijk}\left\{ G_{k}-x_{k}\tau \mathbf
x\cdot p+}\left( x_{k}\kappa -n_{k}\right) \mathbf{n\cdot G}\right\} .
\label{gg}
\end{equation
It reduces to the $[G_{i},G_{j}]_{D}=\varepsilon _{ijk}G_{k}$ for both
relations $\tau \mathbf{x\cdot p}=0$ and $\left( x_{k}\kappa -n_{k}\right)
\mathbf{n\cdot G}=0$ come true. Clearly, for\ particle moves in the free
space, or in central force potential, or on the sphere, $\mathbf{G}$ is
identical to $\mathbf{L}$\textbf{.}

Next, we have following equations of motion for $\mathbf{x},\mathbf{p}$ and
\mathbf{G}$, respectively
\begin{align}
\frac{d\mathbf{x}}{dt}& \equiv \lbrack \mathbf{x},H]_{D}=\frac{\mathbf{p}}
\mu },  \label{xh} \\
\frac{d\mathbf{p}}{dt}& \equiv \lbrack \mathbf{p},H]_{D}=-\frac{\mathbf{n}}
\mu }(\mathbf{p\cdot \nabla n\cdot p}),  \label{ph} \\
\frac{d\mathbf{G}}{dt}& \equiv \lbrack \mathbf{G},H]_{D}=-\left( \mathbf{x
\times \mathbf{n}\right) \frac{\mathbf{p\cdot \nabla n\cdot p}}{\mu }\equiv
\mathbf{T.}  \label{lh}
\end{align
A important property of vector $\mathbf{T=}d\mathbf{G/}dt$ is that it lies
on the tangential surface, for we have $\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{T}=0$.
Relations (\ref{xh})-(\ref{lh}) are revealing but somewhat trivial. In
contrast, the consequence of these relations is significant in quantum
mechanics, as we see shortly.

\subsection{Quantum conditions of the constrained system}

The scheme of the canonical quantization hypothesizes that\ in general the
definition of a quantum commutator for any variables $f$ and $g$ is given by
\cite{dirac2},
\begin{equation}
\lbrack f,g]=i\hbar O\left\{ [f,g]_{D}\right\}   \label{quantization}
\end{equation
in which $O\left\{ f\right\} $ stands for the quantum operator corresponding
to the classical quantity $f$. The \textit{fundamental quantum conditions}
are $[x_{i},x_{j}],[x_{i},p_{j}]$ and $[p_{i},p_{j}]$. For a particle moves
in the free space, we have two fundamental operators in quantum mechanics,
which in the configuration representation are position $\mathbf{x}$ and
momentum $\mathbf{p}=-i\hbar \nabla $. For a particle moves on a surface,
there is in general a great difficulty in getting the momentum operator \cit
{ogawa1,ogawa2,ikegami}, because we run into the notorious operator-ordering
difficulty of momentum and position operators in $O\left\{
(n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}\right\} \left( =[p_{i},p_{j}]/(i\hbar
)\right) $ from (\ref{pp}). Even worse is not the ambiguities in defining
the Hamiltonian operator, but the Schr\"{o}dinger-Podolsky-DeWitt approach
is not able to give the correct form of the Hamiltonian operator no matter
what form of the momentum operator is obtained \cite{ikegami}. Thus the
commutators $[p_{i},p_{j}]$ must be excluded from the so-called fundamental
quantum conditions for they contain severe vagueness. Thus, we should search
for \textit{quantum conditions} beyond the usual fundamental ones. A
straightforward enlargement of the quantum conditions is to simply follow
the hypothesis given by (\ref{quantization}) to include all $[f,H]$ as $f
\mathbf{x}$, $\mathbf{p}$ and $\mathbf{G}$ to simultaneously determine the
operators $\mathbf{p}$ and $H$. It is fruitless at all, because there are
much depressing operator-ordering difficulties in $O\left\{ \mathbf{n}
\mathbf{p\cdot \nabla n\cdot p})\right\} /\mu \left( =-[\mathbf{p
,H]/(i\hbar )\right) $ from (\ref{lh}) and $O\left\{ \left( \mathbf{x}\times
\mathbf{n}\right) \mathbf{p\cdot \nabla n\cdot p}\right\} /\mu \left( =-
\mathbf{G},H]/(i\hbar )\right) $. To surmount these difficulties, we note
following vanishing relations
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{n}\cdot \lbrack \mathbf{x},H]_{D}=\mathbf{n}\cdot \frac{\mathbf{p}}
\mu }=0,\mathbf{n}\cdot \lbrack \mathbf{G},H]_{D}=\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{F
=0\text{ and }\mathbf{n}\times \lbrack \mathbf{p},H]_{D}=0.  \label{zero}
\end{equation
The resultant quantum conditions\textit{\ free from the operator-ordering
difficulty} are given by
\begin{align}
\lbrack x_{i},x_{j}]& =0,\text{ }  \label{xxq} \\
\lbrack x_{i},p_{j}]& =i\hbar \left( \delta _{ij}-n_{i}n_{j}\right) ,
\label{xpq} \\
\lbrack \mathbf{x},H]& =i\hbar \frac{\mathbf{p}}{\mu },  \label{xhq} \\
\mathbf{n}\cdot \lbrack \mathbf{x},H]+[\mathbf{x},H]\cdot \mathbf{n}& =\frac
i\hbar }{\mu }(\mathbf{n\cdot p+p\cdot n})=0,  \label{zero1} \\
\mathbf{n}\times \lbrack \mathbf{p},H]+[\mathbf{p},H]\times \mathbf{n}& =0,
\label{zero2} \\
\mathbf{n}\cdot \lbrack \mathbf{G},H]+[\mathbf{G},H]\cdot \mathbf{n}&
=i\hbar \left( \mathbf{n\cdot F+F\cdot n}\right) =0.  \label{zero3}
\end{align
\textit{\ } The Hamiltonian operator must take the following form for it in
classical limit reduces to the classical Hamiltonian $H=p^{2}/2\mu $,
\begin{equation}
H=-\frac{\hbar ^{2}}{2\mu }\nabla _{LB}^{2}+\mathbf{\alpha }(x)\cdot \nabla
_{s}+V_{G},  \label{trialh}
\end{equation
where $\mathbf{\alpha }(x)$ and $V_{G}$ are functions that go over to zero
not only in classical limit but also for free motion in flat space, which in
general does not have an analog in classical mechanics, and $\nabla
_{LB}^{2}=\nabla _{s}\cdot \nabla _{s}$ is the Laplace-Beltrami operator
which is the dot product of the gradient operator $\nabla _{s}$ on the
surface.

The first condition (\ref{xxq}) sets the configuration representation with
Cartesian coordinates. The second condition (\ref{xpq}) gives the essential
part of the momentum $\mathbf{p}$ is the gradient $\nabla _{s}$ on the
surface,
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{p}=-i\hbar \left( \nabla _{s}+\mathbf{\beta }(x)\right) ,
\label{genp}
\end{equation
where $\mathbf{\beta }(x)$ is an undetermined vector function. Substituting
\ref{genp}) and (\ref{trialh}) into the third condition (\ref{xhq}), the
momentum operator $\mathbf{p}$ and Hamiltonian operator $H$ becomes,
respectively \cite{liu13-1,liu11},
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{p}=-i\hbar \left( \nabla _{s}+\frac{M}{2}\mathbf{n}\right)
\label{gm}
\end{equation
where $M$ is a sum of two principal curvatures $R_{1}^{-1}$ and $R_{2}^{-1}
, ($R_{1}^{-1}+R_{2}^{-1}$) the mean curvature at point $\mathbf{x}$ on the
surface $S^{2}$
\begin{equation}
H=\frac{p^{2}}{2\mu }+V_{G}-\frac{\hbar ^{2}M^{2}}{8\mu },  \label{trialh1}
\end{equation
where $\mathbf{\alpha }(x)=0$ in Eq. (\ref{trialh}). It is easily to verify
that the fourth and fifth conditions (\ref{zero1}) and (\ref{zero2}) are
automatically satisfied whatever form\ of potential $V_{G}$ is. Lastly, let
us calculate the $\mathbf{n}\cdot \lbrack \mathbf{G},H]+[\mathbf{G},H]\cdot
\mathbf{n}$, and after a lengthy but straightforward manipulation, we arrive
at
\begin{equation}
V_{G}=\frac{\hbar ^{2}M^{2}}{8\mu }-\frac{\hbar ^{2}}{4\mu
(M^{2}-2K)+\varphi =-\frac{\hbar ^{2}}{2\mu }\left\{ \left( \frac{M}{2
\right) ^{2}-K\right\} +\varphi ,  \label{geomp}
\end{equation
where $K$ is the gaussian curvature which is the product of the two
principal curvatures as $\left( R_{1}R_{2}\right) ^{-1}$, and function
\varphi $ satisfies following differential equation
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{n}\times \nabla \varphi =0.  \label{phi}
\end{equation
It means that $\nabla \varphi $ is parallel to the normal direction $\mathbf
n}\equiv \nabla f(x)$, and we have $\nabla \varphi =\Phi (x)\nabla f(x)$
with $\Phi (x)$ being the magnitude of gradient of function $\varphi $.
Since $\left\vert \nabla f(x)\right\vert =1$, we have thus $\Phi (x)=$ $\pm
\left\vert \nabla \varphi \right\vert $. So, the function $\varphi $ defines
a surface whose normal vector is identical to the surface $f(x)=0$. So, the
new surface is identical to $f(x)=0$, but takes another form $\varphi \left[
f(x)\right] =0$, i.e., we have $\varphi =0$. The quantum Hamiltonian
operator turns out to be
\begin{equation}
H=\frac{p^{2}}{2\mu }-\frac{\hbar ^{2}}{2\mu }\left( M^{2}-2K\right) =-\frac
\hbar ^{2}}{2\mu }\left( \nabla _{LB}^{2}+\left( \frac{M}{2}\right)
^{2}-K\right) .
\end{equation
In the first expression, the curvature-induced potential is negative
definite for we have $-\hbar ^{2}/(2\mu )\left( R_{1}^{-2}+R_{2}^{-2}\right)
$, whereas in the second expression, the curvature-induced potential is
semi-negative definite for we have $-\hbar ^{2}/(8\mu )\left(
R_{1}^{-1}-R_{2}^{-1}\right) ^{2}$, which is the so-called geometric
potential
\begin{equation}
V_{G}=-\frac{\hbar ^{2}}{2\mu }\left\{ \left( \frac{M}{2}\right)
^{2}-K\right\} .
\end{equation}

\subsection{Further comments on the commutators $[p_{i},p_{j}]$}

The naive utilization of the relation (\ref{pp}), i.e., $O\left\{
(n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}\right\} =[p_{i},p_{j}]/(i\hbar )$, is
highly controversial topic to construct momentum. For instance, once can
assume $O\left\{ (n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}\right\} \equiv
c_{1}n_{j}n_{i,k}p_{k}+c_{2}p_{k}n_{j}n_{i,k}+c_{3}n_{j}p_{k}n_{i,k}+c_{4}n_{i,k}p_{k}n_{j}-(i\leftrightarrow j)
$ where $c_{1}+c_{2}+c_{3}+c_{4}=0$ \cite{ogawa1}. But, because $n_{j}$ and
n_{i,k}$ contain various functions of coordinates of $x$, $y$ and $z$, e.g.,
we can have $n_{j}=x_{j}\left( x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right) ^{-1/2}$, then
operators $p_{k}n_{j}$ in the $4$th term $n_{i,k}p_{k}n_{j}$ in above
decomposition of $O\left\{ (n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}\right\} $ can at
least be further decomposed as $p_{k}n_{j}=d_{1}\left(
x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right) ^{-1/2}p_{k}x_{j}+d_{2}x_{j}p_{k}\left(
x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right) ^{-1/2}$ where $d_{1}+d_{2}=1$. No principle from
either physics or mathematics can be used to terminate this procedure. So,
the commutators $[p_{i},p_{j}]$ can hardly be members of the fundamental
quantum conditions. However, our geometric momentum turns out to satisfy the
following relation,
\begin{equation}
O\left\{ (n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}\right\} =\frac{1}{2}\left(
(n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}+p_{k}(n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})\right) .
\end{equation
Instead, our proposal is to reverse the quantization conditions
[p_{i},p_{j}]/(i\hbar )=O\left\{ (n_{j}n_{i,k}-n_{i}n_{j,k})p_{k}\right\} $
and to construct a function containing momentum operators such that we have,
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{P+P}\cdot \mathbf{n}=0,  \label{last}
\end{equation
where $P_{j}\equiv \mathbf{n}\cdot \lbrack \mathbf{p},p_{j}]+[\mathbf{p
,p_{j}]\cdot \mathbf{n}$. Since this relation (\ref{last}) alone is not yet
able to give the momentum operators, we see that the commutators
[p_{i},p_{j}]$ are not fundamental quantum conditions either.

\section{Conclusions and discussions}

The quantum conditions given by the straightforward applications of the
equation (\ref{quantization}) are not always fruitful, even misleading. For
the particle on the curved surface, in order to obtain the geometric
potential predicted by the so-called thin-lay quantization, a proper
enlargement of the quantum conditions turns out to be compulsory to contain
positions, momenta, orbital angular momentum and Hamiltonian. What is more,
a construction of unambiguous quantum conditions out of the equation (\re
{quantization}) proves inevitable. Combining the\ enlargement and the
construction, we obtain the geometric potential. Since momentum in the
orbital angular momentum is the geometric one, which only in some special
cases reduces to the usual one, we can call the orbital angular momentum the
geometric angular momentum. Even the present paper deals with only the
two-dimensional curved surface, we conjecture that our method can be used
for particle on an arbitrarily dimensional curved surface, which is still
under investigation.

Finally, we would like to point out that there are other forms of the
enlargement and the construction in literature, for instance Refs. \cit
{bender,Deriglazov}, but they were devised to serve entirely different
purposes.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of
China under Grant No. 11675051.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Creator Ker, J. Webb, E.C. van Papendorp, D.
Description The QRS response of the electrocardiogram to bleeding has been a source of interest to the physiologist for more than a century. Studies in the dog, cat and chicken have shown a reduction in QRS amplitude in response to bleeding. This effect has been explained by the so-called Brody effect, in which the intraventricular mass of blood acts as a conducting medium, augmenting radial conduction, thus resulting in the subsequent reduction in QRS amplitude in conditions where the intraventricular mass of blood is reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Brody effect will be present in the ovine heart and, furthermore, to evaluate if the right and left ventricles will demonstrate the same QRS change if the Brody effect is indeed present. This study clearly demonstrated that the Brody effect is present in the ovine heart. Furthermore, two unique aspects emanating from this study are firstly the fact that this is the first study to show that premature ventricular complexes are able to induce the Brody effect and, secondly that there is a very clear difference in the response of the right and the left ventricles when the Brody effect is induced in the ovine heart.


text:
Das Estadio Juan Francisco Barraza ist ein multifunktionelles Stadion in San Miguel, El Salvador. Es wird hauptsächlich für Fußballspiele verwendet und ist das Heimstadion der Vereine Club Deportivo Águila, der in der Primera División de Fútbol Profesional spielt und der Club Deportivo Dragón. Es wurde am 15. November 1959 mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 6.000 Zuschauern eröffnet und 1982 nach dem bekannten salvadorianischen Fußballspieler Juan Francisco"Cariota" Barraza benannt. Das Stadion bietet Platz für 10.000 Zuschauer.

Einzelnachweise

Fußballstadion in El Salvador
Fußballstadion in Nordamerika
Erbaut in den 1950er Jahren
Bauwerk in San Salvador
Departamento San Miguel (El Salvador)


text:
Q: C# Asp.net required field validator I am new to ASP.NET.
I have three ASP controls: textbox, dropdown and submit button.
If the dropdown is selected, the textbox must be a required field and if dropdown is not selected textbox should not be required field. The challenge right now is that my required field validator fires even if dropdown is not selected.
I'm using JavaScript to check if textbox is null and disable my required field.
SCHOOLNAMES
   <asp:TextBox ID="txtschoolname" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
       <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidatorSchoolName"            runat="server"
        ControlToValidate="txtschoolname" ForeColor="Red"
       ErrorMessage="Required"></asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

Bank Name

          <select">
              <option>Please select the bank</option>
              <option value="DBN">DBN</option>
              <option value="CCC">CCC</option>
          </select>

        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="submit"
            OnClientClick=" validate();" onclick="Button1_Click"   />

JavaScript:
function validate() {
    var txt = document.getElementById("txtschoolname");
    alert(txt);
    var ddlObj = document.getElementById("<%=txtschoolname.ClientID%>");
    var validatorObject = document.getElementById("<%=RequiredFieldValidatorSchoolName.ClientID%>");

    alert(ddlObj);
    if (txt == null) {
        validatorObject.enabled = false;
        //  validatorObject.isvalid = true;
    }
}

A: Check out this resource: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa479045.aspx
Take a look at the client side API's section, which indicates using the ValidatorEnable method to enable or disable the validator:
ValidatorEnable('<%= RequiredFieldValidatorSchoolName.ClientID %>', false); //disable

A: You can do this with javascript,
An exact question as been answered, Validation with checkbox, and it also caters for javsacript being disbaled.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Click on the names of the items to get the links to the products!
INC Yvvon Velvet Crossbody. My mom got me this purse while we were out doing some Black Friday shopping and it has been fantastic for the Holidays. The black makes it go with anything and I am obsessed with the velvet, the quilting + the chain tassel detail!
LaMarca Prosecco + Pomegranate Liqour. One of our VPs threw an incredible women's only holiday party at her home and introduced us to this wonderful combo! The prosecco on its own is great + the addition of the Pama makes its custom made rosé!
Roy Woods 'Nocturnal'. I absolutely love everything Roy Woods has put out but this is by far my favorite…. I listen to it from start to beginning over + over again! Favorite tracks 1, 5 + 6.
Yoga Studio App. I have mentioned this in a previous favorite things list but it's so great that I wanted to include it again. I'm currently doing the hour long intermediate flexibility class but there's ones for every length of time + talent level!
The Purpose Driven Life. This is such a fantastic book, especially for this time of year when you're looking at things with a fresh mind and so much promise for the year! This helps you really look at your purpose and WHY we are here – you read one short chapter a day which is nice because you can start your day with something to think about.
St Ives Even & Bright Pink Lemon & Mandarin Orange Scrub. I had been using Philosophy face cleansers for a long time but they are so expensive and I had heard this was a great dupe so I decided to give it a try. I have been using this for months and it has worked wonders on my skin!
Tarte Shape Tape Concealer. I had heard a lot of amazing things about this concealer via the YouTubers but it was on the pricey side so I held off on buying it. When I finally did, I was kicking myself for waiting so long because this stuff is incredible. It's super full coverage without feeling cakey.
Samsung S7 Edge Gold Platinum. I got this back in July after an incident at a Kenny Chesney concert that left my iPhone 6s shattered. I was nervous to make the switch as I have always had all Apple products but now I can't imagine ever going back. From the camera quality, to it being water resistant, to the screen resolution, apps, etc. it blows the iPhone out of the water!
Adidas Tubular Shadow. These are insanely comfy and they look just like the Yeezys but are a lot cheaper (and even less expensive if you can fit into the kid's sizes like I can!
The Weeknd 'Starboy'. I can't stop listening to this album, I love every track! My favorites are 2 + 16.
Fergalicious by Fergie Black Crissy Bootie. I found these randomly in Famous Footwear later this fall and they have been my go to for work and to wear out. They're super comfy and fave held up really well for how inexpensive they are.
13. Insecure. I binge watched this show during one of my only days off in December and thought it was the best new show I have watched in a very long time! It's SO funny and I can't wait for more.
14. Oster My Blend. This is a life-saver if you make smoothies in the morning. The bottle screws onto the blender base and you simply flip it upside down and twist. You switch out the top for the normal one you drink from and go. I throw the ingredients in the bottle before going to bed, blend in the morning + go!
15. Kylie Cosmetics KoKo Collection + Lip Kit Vault. I am obsessed with these matte liquid lips even though they are next to impossible to get! I was lucky enough to snag the KoKo Collection on the second restock (she's doing one for this collection on January 24th at 3pm PST) and my mother-in-law got me the Lip Kit Vault for Christmas. I wore "Gorg" from the KoKo Collection to the Bills holiday party, the lip gloss "Damn Gina" on New Years Eve + Mary Jo K on my birthday.


Sometimes I feel like my hands are too flat. So I basically know what you're going through, Mario. Basically.
When you're down here, you'll be paper too.
Now to mess with your head even more: You are a simulation of paper!
that's what *I'm* sayin' – !


Or, an attempt to encapsulate infinite amounts of wisdom in less than 800 words.
Be yourself. What do you do best? Who are you, really?
Take risks. Just start something. Everyone fails. You have before, you will again. Don't fear it.
Challenge assumptions. God expects us to live in more abundance.
Stay Curious. Do what people think can't be done. God's name is I AM and He is holding you.
See differently. Write a story no one has written before. Do. You.
Be confident. God's on your side.
Tell the why. Pay more attention to life.
Remember that Jesus showed us humor, humility and humanity.
Practice talking about your manuscript. Agents and editors expect you to be nervous so don't fear them. Know your story well. Be prepared to answer their inquiries and be willing to ask them questions too. If an agent or editor has to tell you no, it isn't personal, it's about the right editor at the right publishing house at the right time. Don't give up!
About the craft of writing.
Desire sets our protagonist on a particular path that pulls the reader through the book.
Distancing happens with each conflict that knocks her off the path.
Denial is the point when it seems that our character will never attain her desire.
Devastation goes beyond denial, pushing our character back to the beginning.
Protagonist wants (action words – verb) so that (specific result or outcome).
For me, it's actually much harder than it seems. Being specific propels the character through the story, but that same specificity feels elusive to pin down. I'm still working on it.
Our sentence structure needs to keep the tension taut like a rubber band during our story. Too many words weigh our story down and alleviate the tension. We may lose our reader. Make it easy for our reader to remain engaged. Anything that stops the action (or forward momentum) is a reason for our reader to stop reading.
Our sentence rhythm needs to match the beat of the action in the scene. The sentences should reflect what is going on in our character. High action or nervous tension? Use short sentences. Complex sentences make the reader wait to get to the action. Don't make your reader wait. There is a fine line between suspense that engages the reader and frustrating our reader by not giving enough detail. Each sentence should answer a question and raise another one.
We want our reader to feel the scene not just read about it. Use all five senses and chose your words and their placement for the greatest impact. Split up descriptions and place them strategically to show without stopping the action. Add emotion by showing it in the dialogue and action of the characters without explaining or naming it.
Pretend there is a camera attached to the side of your POV character's head. He can't see himself (don't cheat with a mirror), only what he would be looking at or thinking. Limit your point of view changes to new scenes. You personalize your characters by the way they perceive a setting or scene.
Knowing your characters intimately will help you create real dialogue that shows who they are without tags. Try taking out all the speaker attributes and see if you can tell who is speaking. Use action wherever possible and only add in "he/she said" when necessary to avoid confusion. Long, uninterrupted speeches aren't natural. (Okay, maybe only for me …just ask my husband). Keep it short.
My mentoring group teacher, Brandilyn Collins pointed out to us that when we evaluate our own writing, we judge it based upon the same level of craftsmanship with which we wrote it. Therefore, find a more experienced critique partner (or professional editor) to help you discover the deeper issues you may be missing in your writing.
Any tips you'd like to share with the group?
WOW you just saved me from reading 5 fiction books by your wonderful synopsis on how to write fiction…thanks Laura! I love you too roomie!
Ha ha! You'd probably learn more from the books, but I'm so glad my synopsis was helpful. Hope you had a wonderful Easter celebrating the death and resurrection of our Lord Jesus. Happy publishing and writing!
The keynote speaker sure passed on great advice.
I like the way the four D's were explained. When familiar advice is worded in a different way, it really hits home.
The rest of the information was wonderful and great reminders to apply to my writing.
Yes, he was great! And hilarious too. I'm glad this was helpful. I learned so much!
Thank you! I'm glad I met you too. It's encouraging to be learning all this together, isn't it? Thanks for checking out my blog. Hope all is going well with your writing.
I may have to read this again very soon (and perhaps repeatedly) while I am forging on with my current WIP.
They're all great reminders of how to write well, put in easy to understand language.
You did a great job paraphrasing what must have been some great teaching. Thank you.
You are so welcome. I think I'll be re-reading it over and over! Still going over my notes. The teaching was fabulous and everyone is so helpful and encouraging. I highly recommend the conference to anyone who can make it. It's a great expense, but a worthy investment.


Was that summer-ramble from London and you.
And the joy that came quickly was quick to go.
When the morning sunshine lies warm above.
And are the land's music, those crystal tides.
How they darken, how sparkle, and how they are cool.
The shadow of oak-tree and fir-tree falls.
The foxglove and heather and harebell fill.
Who love the green earth and the heavenly air.


26. 03. 2018 14.40 hod.
In this talk we will introduce Courant algebroids and show how we can use them to study the low energy effective actions of superstring theories (which are 10D supergravities). In particular, this framework allows us to use algebraic methods to find solutions of the equations of motion to these theories.


My readers are consistently asking me whether XMPP and OVSDB are control- or management-plane protocols (to make matters worse, publicly available information tends to be confusing).
Building a L2 Fabric on top of VXLAN: Arista or Cisco?
I've just finished a one-week POC with Arista. For fabric provisioning and automation, we were introduced to CloudVision. My impression is that there are still a lot of manual processes when using CloudVision.
The need for high-density server virtualization (most of the times).
It's time for the next step: get rid of legacy technologies like six 1GE interfaces per server or two FC interface cards in every server.
Need more details? Watch the Designing Private Cloud Infrastructure webinar. How about an interactive discussion? Register for the Building Next-Generation Data Center course.
The Model-driven Networking seems to be another buzzword riding on top of the SDN wave. What exactly is it, how is it supposed to work, will it be really vendor-independent, and has anyone implemented it? I tried to get some answers to these questions from Jeff Tantsura, chair of IETF Routing Area Working Group, in Episode 55 of Software Gone Wild.
Gabi Gerber (with a bit of help from my side) is organizing another set of SDN events in Zurich (Switzerland) in early June.
The moment an IETF working group agrees on a protocol someone starts creating extensions. PCEP is no exception; in the last part of the BGP-LS and PCEP webinar Julian Lucek talked about some of them.
My customers are concerned about buffer performance for packets that are 200 bytes and under. MORE IMPORTANTLY, a customer informed me that there were performance issues when running 4x25GE connections when one group of ports speaks to another group.
Reading the report Mellanox published not so long ago it seems there really is something fishy going on with Tomahawk.
The featured webinar in May 2016 is the Overlay Virtual Networking webinar and in the featured videos (the ones marked with a star) you'll find introduction to overlay virtual networking and deep dive into flooding and MAC address learning in layer-2 overlay virtual networks.
Vendors that slapped API on top of their CLI are quick to claim that they SDN-enabled their boxes.
Not so fast. As I explained in SDN 101 webinar, programmable access to network devices is nice (less so when you're forced to use a vendor-specific API), but it's not SDN.
Once they experienced a WAN connectivity failure in the primary data center and their disaster recovery plan kicked in.
In the afternoon of the same day (so you can easily attend both events) we'll talk about VMware NSX microsegmentation and real-life implementations.
I hope to see you in Zurich in a bit more than a month!
Response: Are Open-Source Controllers Ready for Carrier-Grade Services?
My beloved source of meaningless marketing messages led me to a blog post with a catchy headline: are open-source SDN controllers ready for carrier-grade services?
It turned out the whole thing was a simple marketing gig for Ixia testers, but supposedly "the response of the attendees of an SDN event was overwhelming", which worries me… or makes me happy, because it's easy to see plenty of fix-and-redesign work in the future.
This must be old news to most of you (I managed to stay away from CLI for way too long), but I was pleasantly surprised that you can set terminal width (not just length) in Cisco IOS.


Snapchat Memories is a new feature on the app that revives old snaps and reposts them on your story with a time stamp.
Although this particular update isn't entirely new, it hasn't dimmed our anticipation. Remember the sticker feature that Snapchat added back in March? It lets you send stickers to your friends via chat.
Nov 11 Smartwatches & Social - Is Your Wrist Keeping You Connected?


text:
from django.db.models import get_model

from ..benchy.query_wrapper import ContainerBlockQueryWrapper

class QueryWrapper(ContainerBlockQueryWrapper):

    def select_query(self, model_id):
        container = get_model('polymorphic_test', 'Container').objects.get(
            id=model_id)
        # generate a list here to make sure that the queryset is not
        # just assembled but also executed!!
        list(container.blocks.all().order_by('display_order'))

    def create_block_query(self, klass, container, index):
        klass.objects.create(
            text="The text of block #{}".format(index), container=container)


text:
John Burnside on Poetry, Attention and Truth
"After working in computer systems analysis for a decade, John Burnside became a full-time writer in 1994. John has published 14 books of poetry, and has won the Geoffrey Faber Prize, the Whitbread Poetry Prize, the Petrarca Preis and, most recently, the Forward and T.S. Eliot Prizes for his poetry. He has also...
Jaleen Grove on Avant Garde Illustration 1900-1950
Jaleen Grove is a Canadian artist and art historian whose area of focus is the history of illustration in the US and Canada. She teaches at the Rhode Island School of Design, has written monographs on illustrators Oscar Cahén and Walter Haskell Hinton and has served as associate editor for the Journal of...
Steven Heller on graphic designer Paul Rand
Steven Heller is an eminent American graphic designer, art director, art critic and scholar. He has authored or co-authored more than 200 books which variously trace the history of typography, illustration and other subjects related to graphic design. I talk with Steve about Paul Rand an American...
Daniel Mendelsohn on the Role of the Critic
Daniel Mendelsohn "is an internationally bestselling author, critic, essayist, and translator. Born in New York City in 1960, he received degrees in Classics from the University of Virginia and Princeton. After completing his Ph.D. he moved to New York City, where he began freelance writing full time; since 1991 he has...
Michael Cader with evergreen advice for Book Publishers
Fifteen years ago I interviewed Michael Cader at Book Expo in Toronto. The advice he had for publishers at the time remains remarkably fresh and valuable. Michael is the founder of Publisher's Lunch, the largest book publishing industry publication in the world. Each day it's e-mailed out to more than 45,000 people.
We...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Summary and goals of the Newcastle match against Manchester City
Summary and goals of the Newcastle match against Manchester City in the English Premier League
Manchester City defeated Newcastle United 4-0 in the match that took place between them this evening, Sunday.
This is at St James' Park in the 18th round of the English Premier League for the 2021-2022 season.
The goals of the match came through Robin Diaz, Joao Cancelo, Riyad Mahrez and Rahim Sterling in the 5th, 27th, 63rd and 84th minutes.
With this result, Manchester City continued to lead the English Premier League standings with 44 points collected from winning 14 games, drawing 2 and losing the same, scoring 48 goals and receiving 13.
While Newcastle continued to suffer in the English Premier League standings, after occupying the nineteenth place with 10 points, collected from winning one match, drawing 7, losing 10 matches, scoring 18 goals and receiving 41.
manchester city goals today
Riyad Mahrez reached his 50th goal with Manchester City in all competitions with his goal against Newcastle today.
Joao Cancelo directly contributed to 10 goals for Manchester City in all competitions this season and the first in the Premier League (3 goals and 7 assists); It is the first time a defender has reached to contribute 10 in a season for Pep Guardiola's side since David Alaba with Bayern in 2013-14.
Joao Cancelo's first goal in the Premier League came with his 38th shot in the 2021-22 season.
Newcastle manager Eddie Howe has lost all 10 of his Premier League games against Manchester City – the worst 100% losing record of any coach against a given opponent in the history of the competition.
Defender Joao Cancelo has been directly involved in 10 goals for Manchester City in all competitions this season (3 goals and 7 assists); It is the first time a defender has reached double figures in a season for Pep Guardiola's side since David Alaba with Bayern in 2013-14.


Is your front or back lawn damaged beyond repair? Andrew Roy Lawn Mowing are here to help, with our expert instant turf solutions, guaranteed to give you a lovely green lawn that lasts. Our instant turf is grown right here in Australia from the highest quality of grass strains. Your new turf, installed by us, not only brings back your garden's beauty, but it will also be fitted correctly the first time round.
In conjunction with our instant turf laying, we can also maintain your new lawn with our tailored services for residential and commercial lawn mowing. Our instant turf team are the leading experts in their field, and will be able to suggest to you whether instant turf will benefit your property.
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text:
require 'open-uri'
require_relative '../../lib/cartodb/image_metadata.rb'
class Asset < Sequel::Model

  many_to_one :user

  KIND_ORG_AVATAR = 'orgavatar'

  PUBLIC_ATTRIBUTES = %W{ id public_url user_id kind }

  attr_accessor :asset_file, :url

 def before_create
  store
  super
 end

  def after_destroy
    super
    remove unless self.public_url.blank?
  end

  def public_values
    Hash[PUBLIC_ATTRIBUTES.map{ |a| [a, self.send(a)] }]
  end

  def validate
    super
    errors.add(:user_id, "can't be blank") if user_id.blank?

    download_file if url.present?
    validate_file if asset_file.present?
  end

  def download_file
    dir = Dir.mktmpdir
    stdout, stderr, status = Open3.capture3('wget', '-nv', '-P', dir, '-E', url)
    self.asset_file = Dir[File.join(dir, '*')][0]
    errors.add(:url, "is invalid") unless status.exitstatus == 0
  end

  def validate_file
    @file = open_file(asset_file)
    errors.add(:file, "is invalid") unless @file && File.readable?(@file.path)
    errors.add(:file, "is too big, 5Mb max") if @file && @file.size > Cartodb::config[:assets]["max_file_size"]
    metadata = CartoDB::ImageMetadata.new(@file.path)
    errors.add(:file, "is too big, 1024x1024 max") if metadata.width > 1024 || metadata.height > 1024
  rescue => e
    errors.add(:file, "error while uploading: #{e.message}")
  end

  ##
  # Tries to open the specified file object or full path
  #
  def open_file(handle)
    (handle.respond_to?(:path) ? handle : File.open(handle.to_s))
  rescue Errno::ENOENT
    nil
  end

  def store
    return unless @file
    filename = (@file.respond_to?(:original_filename) ? @file.original_filename : File.basename(@file))
    filename = "#{Time.now.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")}#{filename}"

    remote_url = (use_s3? ? save_to_s3(filename) : save_local(filename))
    self.set(public_url: remote_url)
    self.this.update(public_url: remote_url)
  end

  def save_to_s3(filename)
    o = s3_bucket.objects["#{target_asset_path}#{filename}"]
    o.write(Pathname.new(@file.path), {
      acl: :public_read,
      content_type: MIME::Types.type_for(filename).first.to_s
    })
    o.public_url.to_s
  end

  def save_local(filename)
    local_path = Rails.root.join 'public', 'uploads', target_asset_path
    FileUtils.mkdir_p local_path
    FileUtils.cp @file.path, local_path.join(filename)
    p = File.join('/', 'uploads', target_asset_path, filename)
    "http://#{Cartodb.config[:account_host]}#{p}"
  end

  def use_s3?
    Cartodb.config[:assets]["s3_bucket_name"].present? &&
    Cartodb.config[:aws]["s3"].present?
  end

  def remove
    unless use_s3?
      local_url = public_url.gsub(/http:\/\/#{Cartodb.config[:account_host]}/,'')
      FileUtils.rm("#{Rails.root}/public#{local_url}") rescue ''
      return
    end
    basename = File.basename(public_url)
    o = s3_bucket.objects["#{target_asset_path}#{basename}"]
    o.delete
  end

  def target_asset_path
    "#{Rails.env}/#{self.user.username}/assets/"
  end

  def s3_bucket
    AWS.config(Cartodb.config[:aws]["s3"])
    s3 = AWS::S3.new
    bucket_name = Cartodb.config[:assets]["s3_bucket_name"]
    @s3_bucket ||= s3.buckets[bucket_name]
  end
end


text:
Scotland's Vote 6: The Power of Precedent
The UK does not have a written constitution. This is a weird and archaic way to run a democracy, but it has some interesting consequences.
There are various Acts of Parliament for "constitutional" matters, such as the Parliament Acts and Human Rights Act, but in theory they can be amended or abolished at any time by a simple majority in Parliament. The underlying constitution is built on common law, unwritten custom and precedent. If an important precedent is laid down, later governments ignore it at their peril.
One of the very few good aspects of the Iraq War was that before it started, Tony Blair held a vote in the House of Commons to authorise a declaration of war. In the past, Prime Ministers had declared war under royal prerogative without consulting Parliament; for example, this was done by Margaret Thatcher at the start of the the Falklands War. In theory, Blair could have done the same thing, but the Iraq War was so controversial that he wanted the political cover of endorsement by MPs.
The Commons vote on military action in Syria in 2013 reinforced this precedent. David Cameron was a supporter of airstrikes in Syria, but his government lost the vote, so plans for military action were shelved. A good discussion of the wider legal issues is here.
The Palace of Westminster, home of the UK Parliament.
The Scottish referendum has established another important precedent: If a majority of the Scottish Parliament in Holyrood votes to hold a referendum on independence, the Westminster government will cooperate and abide by the result.
If there is a Yes vote on 18 September, Scotland will declare independence and this becomes a moot point. But if there is a No vote and Scotland remains within the UK, Holyrood will retain the option of holding another independence referendum.
After a No vote, the powers and funding of the Scottish Parliament would not stand still:
Additional powers for Holyrood are already being implemented under the Scotland Act 2013.
The main UK political parties have promised further devolution of power following a No vote, over and above the 2013 Act, although as yet details are limited and there is no consensus between the parties.
Last but not least, the Barnett formula which determines the size of Scotland's grant from the UK Treasury could be subject to review at some future date.
All this will entail negotiation between the parties in power at Westminster and Holyrood, but with the possibility of another referendum in the background.
The Scottish Parliament building.
In the event of a No vote, time will tell whether Scotland decides to vote again on independence. In Canada, Quebec said no to independence in 1980 and much more narrowly in 1995. It may be that Scotland reaches a new devolution settlement, which brings general acceptance for remaining within the UK; or grievances may build up to the point where another referendum is called.
At the very least, the referendum precedent will deter the Westminster Parliament from imposing deeply unpopular measures on Scotland. There is unlikely to be a repeat of the poll tax from the 1980s.
Scotland is a distinct nation within the UK, with the potential to go it alone as an independent entity. The very existence of the independence referendum has made this clear. Even if Scotland votes No on 18 September, by creating this precedent the SNP has done Scotland an important service.
Labels: politics, scotland, vote2014
On Incompetence and Apathy
Cute Cat Friday 2014-07-25: Dexter & Belle
Scotland's Vote 8: The Independent Republic of Edi...
Scotland does it better
Scotland's Vote 7: The SNP Disparity
Death and Facebook
Rioting and tear gas: Or, what I did on my holidays


Title Trout Unlimited's guide to America's 100 best trout streams / John Ross.
Imprint Guilford, Conn. : Lyons Press, c2005.
Edition Updated and rev. [ed].
Description xvii, 366 p. : ill., maps ; 23 cm.
Subject Trout fishing -- United States -- Guidebooks.


Whole30 calls sweet cravings a sugar dragon. Not a bad description. Yesterday I had cravings all day distracting my thoughts. It always amazes me how easily I get hooked on the stuff, even if I only have a little bit. Moderation may not work for me, I may start another whole30 after vacation of course.


text:
Novant Health Uses AHRQ Tool to Assess and Improve Patient Communications
Search All Impact Case Studies
Winston-Salem, N.C.-based Novant Health, the nation's fifth largest medical group, used AHRQ's Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to rework its patient education materials and forms to improve the organization's health literacy. The tool is a systematic method to evaluate whether patient education materials are understood and can be put to use.
"PEMAT is an invaluable evidence-based tool that Novant Health continues to use to modify and update nearly all of its patient education materials," said Christie White, M.S.N., R.N.-B.C., director of patient communications. Novant Health, a not-for-profit system, has 15 medical centers and 1,123 doctors in 343 clinics in Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia.
In 2015, Novant Health began assessing its approximately 1,000 patient-focused health education materials and 5,500 forms. Novant also uses the PEMAT to confirm the effectiveness of its videos and expects to complete its assessment of all its education materials—including written, video, and graphics—in 2016.
"Our number one goal is to make it extremely easy for the patient," noted Marci Leonard, supervisor of corporate patient information. "Increasing patient literacy is key to lowering readmissions and providing better care."
The PEMAT produces separate numeric scores so that health care providers and others can gauge whether consumers can understand patient-focused materials and take action. "PEMAT is the greatest tool I've seen to give users a scientific base," Ms. Leonard added.
The tool addresses various degrees of health literacy by taking into consideration patients' understanding of the material and how likely they will be to use the information.
"These are important considerations when delivering education to a diverse and often complex patient population. When used within the constructs of population health and in the acute care setting, our PEMAT-formulated patient education optimizes patient safety and patient satisfaction," said Ms. White.
In addition to giving objective feedback on whether materials are easy to understand and easy for patients to act on, PEMAT "makes the conversation with the experts go much smoother," added Ms. Leonard, who explained that it is not easy to tell clinical experts that the information they document for patients may not necessarily be understandable for patients. "Very few tools go into the action and engagement side."
In recent years, Novant Health also has implemented AHRQ's Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit throughout its organization. More than a third of U.S. adults have limited health literacy, which interferes with their ability to take care of their health.
"The Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit and PEMAT are excellent resources that, when used together, have tremendous opportunity to increase patient awareness and engagement," Ms. White noted.
Impact Case Study Identifier:
AHRQ Product(s):
Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit,
Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT)
Health Literacy,
Education: Patient and Caregiver
Geographic Location:
South Carolina,
Implementer:
Page last reviewed April 2016
Page originally created April 2016
Internet Citation: Novant Health Uses AHRQ Tool to Assess and Improve Patient Communications. Content last reviewed April 2016. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
https://www.ahrq.gov/news/newsroom/case-studies/201602.html


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text:
<?php declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DrdPlus\Skills\Physical;

use DrdPlus\Codes\Properties\PropertyCode;
use DrdPlus\Codes\Skills\SkillTypeCode;
use DrdPlus\Skills\SkillPoint;

class PhysicalSkillPoint extends SkillPoint
{

    public const PHYSICAL = SkillTypeCode::PHYSICAL;

    public function getTypeName(): string
    {
        return static::PHYSICAL;
    }

    /**
     * @return string[]
     */
    public function getRelatedProperties(): array
    {
        return [PropertyCode::STRENGTH, PropertyCode::AGILITY];
    }

}


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Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, our burning of fossil fuels has steadily increased the carbon dioxide content of Earth's atmosphere. For many decades, we enjoyed the benefits of such fuels without realizing that the increased atmospheric carbon was trapping heat and hastening global climate change.
CCL's preferred climate solution is known as Carbon Fee and Dividend. A national, revenue-neutral carbon fee-and-dividend system (CF&D) would place a predictable, steadily-rising price on carbon and other greenhouse gases, with all fees collected minus administrative costs being returned to households as a monthly energy dividend. In just 20 years, studies show, such a system could reduce carbon emissions to 50% of 1990 levels while adding 2.1 million jobs above baseline to the American economy.
The blue line represents emissions with business as usual. The gold line represents the projected reduction in emissions with Carbon Fee and Dividend.
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