I'm a wedding planner, but I'm also the Mother of the Bride, aka MOB. Over the last 5 years, I've planned many weddings but there's something different about helping to plan my daughter's wedding. Oh, the logistics are the same. We still need a venue, a caterer, flowers, guest list and invitations. But each decision is personal and there is that little bit of panic to "get it right".
I talk to my brides about tradeoffs between the size of their wedding, budget and what's important to make their day special. Now I'm asking my daughter those question and trying to juggle the answers within our budget. As the mother of the bride, I'm also balancing wanting to be helpful without taking over the planning.
So, I'm sharing the tips I share with the mothers of the brides that I work with (plus they are good reminders to myself!). Here are a few do's and don'ts to remember as you help your daughter plan her wedding.
Ask your daughter what she would like and what is important to her and her fiancé.
Ask how you can help. "What would you like me to do?" "What would you like to do yourselves?" "Let me know if you need help with that." "Let me know if there is anything I can do for you both." She might want you super involved, or she could want you to take a back seat.
Give praise, reinforce the decisions the bride and groom have made and let them know how happy and excited you are.
Meet deadlines. Make sure you provide names and addresses on time so the bride doesn't have to follow up. Also, keep the bride up to date on any address changes that you are aware of.
If you are paying or helping to pay for the wedding, ask for a list of deadlines for deposits, interim payments and final payments so you can plan and make the payments on time.
Tell her you're there for whatever she needs and then wait to see if she asks for help.
Support your daughter, be there when she needs to cry, vent, talk or just sit quietly. But you already know all this… you're her mom!
Take you daughter out to lunch or get mani pedis. Help her get away from wedding planning for a little bit.
Enjoy the day. Wear COMFY shoes, especially if you plan on dancing.
Don't offer your opinion unless asked.
Don't take over the show. Remember it's their wedding. Even if you are paying for the wedding.
If the bride says no, then don't do it, don't buy it and don't keep asking about it. Even if you think it is a great idea or would work well. This is not your vision.
Lastly, relax, you've got this. You have raised a strong, confident daughter and she has chosen a wonderful man to walk through life with.
If you have any questions or some great ideas to share with other Brides or Mothers of the Bride, please comment below. We can all learn from each other!
PS If you need help planning your wedding, please contact us at Blue Skies Wedding Planning. We offer virtual wedding planning packages that we customize to your needs. We can help you as little or as much as you want.
Ask, don't tell! That is such an important one. So many times I hear the MOB say "I want this" or "We need to do it that way." It makes me stop and think… who's wedding is this? The tricky part is if the MOB is paying a lot towards the wedding. It's hard not to have her opinion then.
I agree, it is a very delicate balancing act. I coach my brides to think about their "must haves", their "nice to haves" and "Don't wants". The "nice to haves" are the items that couples can compromise on. Sometimes there are difficult conversations that the couple need to have… for example if MOB thinks the garter toss is really important and the couple doesn't want a garter toss, the couple should explain why they are uncomfortable. It's really about open, honest communication.
Such great advice. My friend is getting married soon and i'll be sharing this with her as she has little bit of a struggle with this right now!
Thank you! I wish your friend the best!


The Department of Veterans' Services has made tremendous strides in their first year as an agency by focusing on their three lines of action: Housing and Support Services; Integrative Health and Community Resilience; and Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship.
Reduced overall veteran homelessness by over 90 percent in the last five years and 70 percent in the last two years alone.
Built a rapid rehousing system for veterans that has reduced veterans' length of stay in shelter by 50 percent.
The work doesn't end there. The City's commitment to ending veteran homelessness isn't just about housing all of the veterans that are currently homeless – it's also about doing all that the Administration can to decrease the number of veterans that become homeless and, for those that do, have a system and resources in place that can rapidly rehouse them.
Dedicating a team of clinical social workers at DHS to work with veterans that need additional support once housed.
Establishing an interagency working group with the VA and public and private partners to develop and implement best practices for homeless prevention work and identify and fill any gaps in the system.
Launching the Veteran Transition Assistance Program at DVS, an aftercare program that assists both the veterans that have been recently housed and the landlords that have housed them.
The VetsThriveNYC Integrative Health Program is the veteran-focused complement to the First Lady's ThriveNYC Mental Health Roadmap. The program includes the VetsThriveNYC City-wide consortium and the Core4 integrative health model, which incorporates clinical treatment, community holistic services, connection to peer social support and engagement through cultural initiatives, education and the arts. Access to VetsThriveNYC resources and services will be coordinated through the DVS portal VetsConnectNYC, a comprehensive service network comprised of 80 service providers.
As part of the agency's first year priorities, DVS committed to creating satellite offices that serve as an accessible venue for veterans who may find it difficult to leave their borough to access services. Currently, DVS has established offices in Queens, Staten Island, the Bronx and Northern Manhattan with Brooklyn to follow. Many veterans identify that navigation is one of the barriers to accessing services. By establishing satellite offices in the outer-boroughs, DVS is working with borough leaders to better serve the City's 200,000 veterans in their own communities, sending a powerful message to veterans that the City will go the distance to ensure they receive the resources they need.


The last time we examined MicroDreams was in 2011. In our latest open-ended review of charities, we determined that it was unlikely to meet our criteria based on our past examination of it, so we did not revisit it.
The content we created in 2011 appears below. This content is likely to be no longer fully accurate, both with respect to what it says about MicroDreams and with respect to what it implies about our own views and positions. With that said, we do feel that the takeaways from this examination are sufficient not to prioritize re-opening our investigation of this organization at this time.
MicroDreams starts and funds microfinance institutions in the developing world.
We do not currently recommend MicroDreams, feeling that the Small Enterprise Foundation provides a better opportunity for donors interested in supporting microfinance.
Do MicroDreams' partners monitor why borrowers drop out?
Do MicroDreams' partners prevent client over-indebtedness?
What interest rates do MicroDreams' partners charge?
What are MicroDreams' partners' repayment rates?
What are MicroDreams' partners' borrowers' standards of living?
Are savers able to access their funds when they need them?
What are the interest rates/fees on the accounts?
In evaluating MicroDreams, we have used our key questions for evaluating microfinance charities. The sections below cover its answers to our key questions (see the previous link for why we consider these questions important).
We asked MicroDreams for evidence that its partner organizations monitor whether borrowers are benefiting or being harmed by credit, such as by monitoring client drop out rates and the reasons why clients drop out. We did not receive evidence from MicroDreams that social impact is being monitored by its partners. We are concerned that monitoring social performance is not part of MicroDreams' process for selecting partner organizations.
For more information on microfinance drop out rates and how they are calculated, see our microfinance glossary.
Focus on microenterprise financing through which clients make productive investments and generate substantial returns.
Work in areas not served by other microfinance/MED institutions so that clients aren't borrowing from one lender to pay off the other.
These are all key aspects of what we do.
Our partners' field staffs want to ensure that their clients have successful businesses and hence the ongoing guidance and motivation that they provide is well tailored to help the clients to succeed at their businesses...Partners fire staff if a staff member harasses clients. If clients are harassed they all know that they may walk straight into the local field office and lodge any complaints they would like to make.
We have not seen evidence to support these claims. We would also like to see evidence of how the organizations responded to complaints in the past.
MicroDreams provided information on this question for two example loan types at two partner organizations.11 With this limited information, we do not have a full picture of the costs borrowers pay for loans supported by MicroDreams.
For more information on microfinance interest rates and how we calculate the cost of a loan to borrowers, see our microfinance glossary.
Some of MicroDreams partners have reported information on their repayment histories to Mix Market,12 but due to our remaining questions about MicroDreams' monitoring of its social impact, we did not explore this question in depth.
For more information on collection rates and other forms of microfinance repayment rates, see our microfinance glossary.
For more information on standard of living surveys of microfinance clients, see our microfinance glossary.
MicroDreams told us that depositors "earn competitive rates of interest on their savings."15 We do not know if there are fees charged.
We do not have information on SPBD-Samoa and SPBD-Tonga's depositors. We would like to know about their standards of living and whether they have other secure options for saving.
Greg Casagrande, phone conversation with GiveWell, December 8, 2009.
Greg Casagrande, phone conversation with GiveWell, June 18, 2010.
MicroDreams, "Annual Report (2009)," Pg 5. SPBD-Fiji opened in late 2010. See MicroDreams, "Mr. Microfinance Here to Help."
Mix Market, "SPBD: Data, Indicators."
Mix Market, "SPBD Tonga: Data, Indicators."
Mix Market, "Emprender: Data, Indicators."
Mix Market, "FUNDAMIC: Data, Indicators."
Mix Market, "IDER CV: Data, Indicators."
"Because of their legal status, Emprender, Fundamic and IDER CV do not offer savings accounts. SPBD-Samoa and SPBD-Tonga do offer savings accounts in segregated bank accounts that are not used for on-lending." MicroDreams, "Response to GiveWell's Questions (July 2010)."
MicroDreams launched a 'Cash for Work' Program...We worked with local leaders in 15 villages to identify important clean up and reconstruction projects to complete. The leaders then selected up to 25 workers per village, and MicroDreams provided the proper equipment (wheelbarrows, axes, shovels, rakes, paint, gloves, etc.) and the wages to pay each worker ST$200 for ten days of work...MicroDreams is also helping fund SPBD's emergency home and business reconstruction financing. We are making loan funds available to scores of families in devastated villages to help them re-launch businesses that have been destroyed and to begin the process of rebuilding their homes." MicroDreams, "Annual Report (2009)," Pg 9.
MicroDreams told us, "Over 10½ years SPBD-Samoa has worked with approximately 12,000 clients. Today SPBD-Samoa serves approximately 7.500 clients. Hence over the past 10½ years, approximately 4,500 clients have left the programme." MicroDreams, "Response to GiveWell Questions (July 2010)."
We have not seen drop out rate data for SPBD-Samoa (i.e. % of clients who left within a specified time period) or data for other partners.
65% - They have achieved their personal and business goals. They no longer need the assistance of SPBD. They are financially self-sufficient. If they choose they are now able to bank with the formal banking sector.
20% - They have gained full time employment and have left their micro-business.
10% - They have married and moved to another village.
5% - They decided to take a rest." MicroDreams, "Response to GiveWell Questions (July 2010)."
MicroDreams did not provide information on how this was determined or data from other partners.
iii.	2% (ST$20) loan insurance fee. This ensures that the remaining balance of the loan is written off in the event of death.
iv.	1% (ST$10) life insurance fee. This provides a $1,000 death benefit payable to customer designated beneficiaries.
v.	Interest and fees cover the cost of the funds, the insurance benefits and the upfront training and ongoing weekly training, guidance and motivation sessions.
iii.	2% (TOP$20) development fee paid up front.
iv.	2% (TOP$20) loan insurance fee. This ensures that the remaining balance of the loan is written off in the event of death.
vi.	5% savings required – can be withdrawn immediately after the deposit is made"
MicroDreams, "Response to GiveWell Questions (July 2010)."
"MicroDreams partners with organizations that work exclusively with poor clients. Partners assess prospective clients' income level, quality of housing and amount of owned assets. They typically lend to first time clients with family incomes less than US$3/ day/person. Housing conditions are measured such as type of roof (tin, scrap, grass), type of foundation (dirt, wood, cement), type of wall (cement, lumber, scrap, none), condition of toilet (flush, latrine, pit), toilet ownership (indoor, outdoor, shared), access to electricity and running piped water (indoor, outdoor, shared), quantity and physical condition of assets, marital status, number of dependents, education, and health condition. Typical first time clients may live in huts with grass roofs, dirt floors no walls, shared outdoor toilet, shared outdoor water faucet, one illegal wire tapping into local electricity." MicroDreams, "Response to GiveWell's Questions (July 2010)."
MicroDreams, "Response to GiveWell's Questions (July 2010)."


The iON Camera remains an essential tool for Campos to analyze performance for optimal progression. Campos use iON Cameras in both testing and races so they can look back and work out smoother lines to hold more speed through corners and cut down lap times….
The World RX Championship headed to Scandinavia for the first time in the 2015 season at the weekend, the World RX of Sweden did not disappoint. Known as the Magic Weekend the Höljes event was set for fast paced action and a lot of parties….


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Q: How to volume render simple 3D Data via yt-project yt-project is a nice toolkit for volumetric data.
But the dataset it used is a bit of complex, such as Enzo data.
So if I only want to volume render a simple 3d data via yt-project, how to load data?
The simple 3D data only contain the Coordinate(x, y, z) and the density of the point. just as follow:
[[x, y, z, density]
[x, y, z, density]
...]

Any help appreciate!

A: If the x, y, and z coordinates are regularly spaced, you can load your data into yt using the load_uniform_grid function:
http://yt-project.org/doc/reference/api/generated/yt.frontends.stream.data_structures.load_uniform_grid.html
Here is an example that makes a volume rendering using a dataset loaded with load_uniform_grid:
http://yt-project.org/doc/examining/generic_array_data.html#Volume-Rendering-Loaded-Data
If the data are not uniform resolution, then you're going to need to give more information about how the data are laid out before I can help more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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COMMUNITYFEATURED FARMER
Bothered by what the fortune teller told him
October 2, 2019 264 views0
By Zac Sarian
By Zac B. Sarian
Carmelo rescue ship that sailed around the world tasked with rescuing boats in distress. Like most seamen, he enjoyed a big salary in dollars. He didn't say it himself but someone suggested that he was making at least $1,700 a month. That was a big amount that the salary from a local employment could hardly match.
The pay was good, all right, but what the local fortune teller had told him when he was a kid kept on bothering him. Life at sea was not for him, according to the fortune teller. It was risky because accidents can happen. The fortune teller told him and his father that he will find his fortune offshore, on land, in other words.
Should he give up his employment at sea? It was a hard decision to make because he was not sure of what to do for a living if he resigned. But when he was able to save enough to build a house after nine years working in the rescue ship, he decided to heed the words of the fortune teller. He gave up his job as a seaman in 1999 and returned to his native San Pablo City.
When he read about the Sinta Papaya developed in Los Baños, he immediately planted 1,000 seedlings between young rambutan trees in the farm that the family owned. He was immediately successful. He was able to harvest 50 tons which earned him about P375,000 after a year of harvesting. He was greatly encouraged by the good outcome of his papaya farming that he decided to rent some land for expanding his papaya plantation. In October 2013, Ric Reyes of East-West Seed brought me to Carmelo so I could interview him because he had become the Papaya King in Luzon, planting the seeds from East-West. He had, at the time of our interview, 18,000 papaya trees in three locations that were heavily fruiting.
The biggest one was in Brgy. Soledad with 12,000 trees from which Milo was harvesting 8,000 kilos a week. About 7,000 kilos of that was bought by a big Manila buyer at P15 per kilo. The big buyer alone paid him about P105,000 a week which was more than his monthly salary in dollars as a seaman.
Of course, he also made additional income from his two other plantations. And what was good about Milo's papaya project was that it provided a source of income for 15 young men who worked for him as pickers of the ripening fruits, paying them P250 for half a day's work.
Now you see, the fortune teller was probably right after all in telling Milo that his fortune was on land and not at sea. Or is it more apt to say that Milo believed so much in the fortune teller that he himself made his good fortune to be realized on land?
This appeared in Agriculture Monthly's January 2019 issue.
agrimag
featuredfarmer
zacsarian
Why coffee grounds can be harmful for your garden
Blue potatoes grow in Benguet farm
By Jazzmine Quiambao
By Yvette Tan
By James Tababa
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Dad and son step up breeding to help boost sheep raising industry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Abstract Colour Alphabet On White Background # Vector style is available in an assortment of decor goods from wall hangings, to duvets, to rugs and custom size curtains, and even photographer backdrops or bath towels.
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Juno to Jupiter est le dernier album studio du compositeur grec Vangelis, sorti en 2021. Après Mythodea (2001), c'est le second album inspiré par les missions spatiales de la NASA, cette fois par la sonde spatiale Juno. La soprano Angela Gheorghiu collabore sur trois titres.

Historique
Cet album est le dernier album écrit et réalisé par Vangelis. La version vinyle est sortie trois mois avant sa mort survenue le .

Comme le titre de l'œuvre le suggère, Vangelis s'inspire de la mission spatiale Juno vers Jupiter menée par la NASA. Elle comprend des sons issus de cette mission (titres 1 et 17) et la voix de la soprano roumaine Angela Gheorghiu (titres 9, 13 et 16). La mission et le sens de l'album sont tous deux « nommés d'après Hera (ou Junon chez les Romains) qui, selon la mythologie grecque, était la mère des dieux et des humains et la femme de Zeus, Jupiter chez les Romains, qui était le père des dieux et des hommes ». D'après Vangelis, il a « mis l'accent sur les traits marquants de Jupiter/Zeus et Héra/Junon qui, selon la théogonie grecque, avaient une relation particulière. J'ai senti que je ne devais représenter Zeus/Jupiter uniquement par le son, dans la mesure où les lois musicales transforment le chaos en harmonie, qui déplace tout, jusqu'à la vie elle-même. En revanche, pour Héra/Junon, j'ai ressenti la nécessité d'une voix. Angela Gheorghiu représente donc, dans cette fresque historique de la mission vers la planète Jupiter, Héra/Junon d'une façon époustouflante ».

Les extraits vocaux, reproduits sur la piste 17 de l'album avec l'autorisation de la NASA, sont des scientifiques Randall Faelan, Chris Leeds, Jennifer Delavan et Matt Johnson.

En septembre et octobre 2021 ont été publiées des vidéos musicales pour les titres In the Magic of Cosmos, Hera/Juno Queen of the Gods et Inside our Perspectives.

Versions et publications
Seules les versions numérique et sur CD étaient disponibles lors de la première date de publication, le , avec un coffret CD comportant un livret. Un double album vinyle a été publié le , alors qu'une édition limitée en coffret comportant deux disques vinyles, un pack CD et un livret rigide de 172 pages décrivant le projet et un marque-page lenticulaire sera publié le .

Accueil

Thom Jurek d'Allmusic dans une critique très positive avec une note de 4/5, salue les performances de Vangelis et de Gheorghiu, concluant que « Juno to Jupiter tout comme Mythodea sont des œuvres majeures de la fin de carrière de Vangelis. Elle est méticuleusement articulée et profondément illustrative de ses deux sujets  et ses référents métaphoriques dans la mythologie grecque ». Ben Hogwood de MusicOMH lui donne également une critique positive avec une note de 4/5 alors que Thomas H. Green, dans une critique notée 3/5 remarque à la fin « bien que parfois trop opulent, le meilleur de Juno to Jupiter évoque l'immensité de l'espace, donnant un aperçu de l'effort de la machine humaine au milieu d'un vide infini. Des compositions telles que Jupiter's Veil of Clouds et Jupiter's Quiet Determination montrent que Vangelis, bien qu'il joue plus dans un amphithéâtre que dans sa chambre enfumée, en a encore sous le pied ».

Liste des titres

Crédits
 Vangelis : compositeur, interprète, producteur, enregistrement, arrangements
 Salvador Design : direction artistique, conception graphique
 Philippe Colonna : ingénieur du son
 Angela Gheorghiu (Juno) : voix soprano (pistes : B4, C2, D2)
 Artistic Science Inc. : consultant artistique et créatif
 Docteur Scott J. Bolton : conseiller artistique
 Enregistré aux Planet Earth Studios, en Europe
 Sony Music Publishing
Ce disque est dédié à la mémoire de son frère Niko, mort d'un AVC le .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Album musical sorti en 2022
Album de Vangelis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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14 K-Pop Songs Are On Billboard's World Digital Song Sales Chart This Week, And Half Are Brand New
7 new K-Pop songs debuting on the chart is a lot!
The Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart is a weekly updated music chart that lists the 25 best-selling international singles in the United States at the time it's published. K-Pop is often a large portion of the chart each week, and this time around, nearly a third of the songs on the chart are brand new K-Pop songs!
The top-ranking new song on the Billboard chart this week is ONF's latest single, "Popping". For its debut, the song is at an impressive #2 position on the chart, and is now the group's top-ranking single for this particular list! A couple of weeks ago, their first song to make it onto the chart, "Ugly Dance", peaked at #8.
TXT's most recent title track, "LO$ER=LO♡ER", is the next highest-charting new K-Pop song for this week, ranked at #6. And it's not their only new song makes its debut — the other new track on their repackaged album The Chaos Chapter: Fight or Escape, "MOA Diary", also made it onto the chart this week with a debut at #13!
Before these, they've had 20 other songs make it onto this particular Billboard chart, and "0X1=LOVESONG (I Know I Love You)" actually re-entered the chart this week at the #12 position! "Crown" is still their highest-peaking, as it reached #1 back in 2019.
Red Velvet's highly anticipated comeback single, "Queendom", also made it onto the chart this week with a debut at #10! It's their 22nd full-group song to rank on this chart, and they've had two reach #1: "RBB (Really Bad Boy)" in 2018, and "Psycho" in 2019.
Finally, the remaining three new K-Pop songs debuting this week are all by the same artist: ATEEZ! All three of the songs on their new single album, Season Songs (featuring Kim Jong Kook), made it onto the list: "By My Lover" at #17, "The Black Cat Nero" at #21, and "White Love" at #25!
They've had 13 songs rank on the chart before this week, with four of them tied for having the highest peak at #6: "Wonderland" in 2019, "Answer" in 2020, and both "Fireworks (I'm The One)" and "The Real" in 2021.
Apart from those already listed, there are 6 other K-Pop songs spending another week on the chart. Four of them belong to BTS: "Euphoria" at #8 (with 77 weeks on the chart); "My Time" at #9 (with 73 weeks on the chart); "Filter" at #14 (now at 74 weeks); and "Begin" at #16 (for its 3rd week on the chart).
Somi's "Dumb Dumb" spends its 3rd week on the chart at #15, down from #11 last week, and finally, BLACKPINK also has one song ranking this week with "How You Like That" coming in at #22 for its 59th week charting.
Congratulations to all of the ranking artists!


The Chartreux might well be compared to a mime, silent but communicative and sometimes silly.
See all Chartreux characteristics below!
The Chartreux typically weighs between 7 and 16 pounds.
The Chartreux might well be compared to a mime, silent but communicative and sometimes silly. Short playtimes interspersed with naps and meals are his idea of the perfect day. When he is not displaying his superb timing and pouncing ability, "killing" toys with abandon, or performing acrobatic flips as he chases a lure toy, he is an attentive and gentle companion who likes to stay near his people and observe their doings. He appreciates any attention he receives, especially if it involves scratching him beneath the chin or between the ears, but he's not demanding, content to follow you around devotedly, sleep on your bed and snuggle with you if you're not feeling well. He rarely uses his voice, preferring to direct your actions with a glance from his pumpkin-colored eyes. If need be, however, he may communicate with a small meow or chirp. Make a habit of observing him carefully and being familiar with his actions since it is unlikely that he will vocalize any discomfort or make any sound to let you know where he is. This is an adaptable cat with a middle-of-the-road personality. He's not a social butterfly, but he's not a shy wallflower, either. Expect him to watch and wait before deciding whether to greet a guest or otherwise involve himself in a situation. His calm nature makes him suited to staying home alone while you are out earning the money for his treats and toys, but he won't object to keeping company with another cat or dog. That same good nature makes him a good travel companion for an RV enthusiast or long-distance truck driver. As long as you keep his routine similar each day, he will be a happy camper. The Chartreux has a sunny, polite disposition that makes him a pleasure to live with. This is one cat who does his best to obey the rules. Always treat him kindly and patiently, and you will be rewarded with a friend for life.
Both pedigreed cats and mixed-breed cats have varying incidences of health problems that may be genetic in nature. Chartreux are generally healthy, but the following problems have been seen in the breed. Patellar luxation is a hereditary dislocation of the kneecap that can range from mild to severe. Mild patellar luxation rarely causes problems. Severe cases cause lameness, but can be alleviated with surgery.
The Chartreux's short, thick coat is easy to care for with weekly brushing. The coat sheds in the spring and may require extra brushing during that time. A bath is rarely necessary. If your Chartreux does require a bath, remember that it can take time to get the water-repellent coat wet enough for bathing. Brush the teeth to prevent periodontal disease. Daily dental hygiene is best, but weekly brushing is better than nothing. Trim the nails every couple of weeks. Wipe the corners of the eyes with a soft, damp cloth to remove any discharge. Use a separate area of the cloth for each eye so you don't run the risk of spreading any infection. Check the ears weekly. If they look dirty, wipe them out with a cotton ball or soft damp cloth moistened with a 50-50 mixture of cider vinegar and warm water. Avoid using cotton swabs, which can damage the interior of the ear. Keep the Chartreux's litter box spotlessly clean. Cats are very particular about bathroom hygiene. It's a good idea to keep a Chartreux as an indoor-only cat to protect him from diseases spread by other cats, attacks by dogs or coyotes, and the other dangers that face cats who go outdoors, such as being hit by a car. Chartreux who go outdoors also run the risk of being stolen by someone who would like to have such a beautiful cat without paying for it.
The Chartreux has the sturdy, powerful body of a working cat wrapped in a short, thick, water-repellent coat. Besides his beautiful fur, his most distinctive feature is his deep orange eyes, set in a rounded, broad head. He has full cheeks and a sweet, smiling expression. Medium-size ears sit high on the head. His body type is sometimes described as primitive, being husky and robust with broad shoulders and a deep chest. His relatively short and fine-boned legs rest on round, medium-size paws that look almost dainty. A lively, flexible tail is heavy at the base, tapering to an oval tip. Don't let his ample body and solid muscle mass fool you. This is a supple, agile cat who typically weighs 7 to 16 pounds at maturity. Pick him up and you may be surprised by his heft. Chartreux grow slowly and males especially may not reach their full size until they are 4 or 5 years old. The medium-short double coat has a slightly woolly texture, which varies depending on the cat's age and gender, as well as the climate in which he lives. For instance, mature males have the heaviest coats, while females or young cats may have a thinner coat or one that feels silky. The coat can be any shade of blue-gray. The tips of the fur look as if they have been lightly brushed with silver. Kittens may have the faint imprint of tabby markings (called ghost barring) or tail rings, but by the time they mature the coat should have a bright, even tone. Completing the look is slate-gray nose leather, blue lips, and rose-taupe paw pads.
The tolerant and gentle Chartreux fits nicely in a home with children. He is more likely to walk away than to scratch if he doesn't like the way he is being handled. Parents with young children should always supervise interactions to make sure the cat isn't mistreated. He is happy to live with cat-friendly dogs, too, thanks to his amiable disposition. Introduce pets slowly and in controlled circumstances to ensure that they learn to get along together.


text:
Suriya McGuire
2013-14 (Junior): Started 21 of 31 games … Averaged 9.2 points, 4.5 rebounds, 1.6 assists in 24.8 minutes per game … Totaled 286 points, 140 rebounds, 51 assists and 768 minutes … Hit 42.8 percent (115-269) shots from field, 14.8 percent (4-27) from three and 56.5 percent (52-92) at free throw line … Started 9 of 16 ACC games … In ACC play averaged 8.7 points and 4.6 rebounds in 25.0 minutes … Totaled 139 points, 22 assists and 73 rebounds … Hit 39.9 percent (57-145) from field, 11.8 percent (2-17) from three and 54.8 percent (23-42) at free throw line … Notched 14 double-figure scoring games … Started season with three straight double-figure scoring games and four of first five … Led the Canes in scoring in two games … Season highs: 23 points vs. Duke, 01/30/14; 13 rebounds at Florida State, 2/16/14; 5 assists vs. NC State, 1/19/14; 4 steals vs. UNF, 11/8/13; 35 minutes vs. Richmond, 11/10/13.
2012-13 (Sophomore): Scored 13 points and pulled down a career-best seven rebounds vs. Florida State (3/8)… Scored 12 points and grabbed four rebounds at Virginia Tech (3/3)… Tied a career-best with six rebounds at NC State (2/21), also added eight points… Scored 12 points and grabbed five rebounds vs. Boston College (2/17)… Scored 10 points vs. Florida State (2/10) to go with five rebounds and four assists… Scored 10 first-half points and had four assists vs. Virginia Tech (2/3)… Scored a career best of 17 points at Wake Forest (1/24), for the second time this season, made game-winning basket in final seconds… Scored 11 points, including reaching a career-best with five made free throws vs. Georgia Tech (1/17), added team-best four assists and four rebounds… Matched a career-high 13 points at No. 10 Maryland (1/10), also added five rebounds… Grabbed a career-best six rebounds vs. Wisconsin (12/29)… Poured in a new career-best 13 points to go with five steals vs. Alcorn State (12/3)… Scored eight points, including the game-winner on a layup agaisnt No. 6 Penn State (11/29)… Matched a career-best with five rebounds vs. Radford, also scored eight points (11/24)… Dished out five assists and scored four points to go with three steals vs. UNF (11/9).
2011-12 (Freshman): Scored nine points at Boston College (1/29)… In just 11 minutes, scored a season-best 10 points, to go with three rebounds and three blocks (12/29)… Scored six points with two boards versus Holy Cross (12/28)… Dished out six assists to go with four rebounds versus ULM (12/16)… Had four steals in just 11 minutes versus Ole Miss (12/10)… Recorded her first career block versus Longwood (11/27), while scoring five points and pulling down four rebounds… Had seven points with five rebounds versus USF (11/24)… Scored nine points to go with four steals in 13 minutes versus Prairie View A&M… Was a defensive catalyst for the Canes at No. 3 Tennessee (11/15), recording a pair of steals to go with four points… Scored four points, grabbed five boards and handed out a pair of assists in her collegiate-debut, a win over Texas-Pan American (11/11).
High School: Was ranked as the No. 7 overall player in the nation by Collegiate Girls Basketball Report and the fifth-best point guard by HoopGurlz… Scored 13 points per game a season ago and was one of five players to be named to the Nike Nationals All-Tournament Team while playing for her North Tartan AAU squad.
YEAR GP GS MIN AVG FG FGA PCT 3FG 3FGA 3PCT FT FTA PCT REB AVG AST TO BLK STL PTS AVG
2011-12 31 0 321 10.4 39 92 .424 3 8 .375 19 32 .594 53 1.7 24 43 11 26 100 3.2
2012-13 32 21 772 24.1 92 250 .368 6 29 .207 40 72 .556 116 3.6 72 84 22 44 230 7.2
2013-14 31 21 768 24.8 115 269 .428 4 27 .148 52 92 .565 140 4.5 51 69 31 43 286 9.2
2014-15 33 26 714 21.6 71 207 .343 11 44 .250 61 105 .581 142 4.3 50 55 12 33 214 6.5
CAREER 127 68 2,575 20.3 317 818 .388 24 108 .222 172 301 .571 451 3.6 197 251 76 146 830 6.5


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Tag: feminist genealogy
Elise G's story
On December 20, 2019 December 20, 2019 By thewomenwhomademeIn 1910s, 1920s, 20th century, Czech republic, Germany, United Kingdom1 Comment
Imagine being intelligent enough and working hard enough to achieve a doctorate in mathematics, in an era where women were only just allowed to earn them, and then being denied the title by some foreign men because you were a) from a different country and they weren't sure they recognised the institution you earned your qualification in, and b) a married woman. This happened to Elise – a well deserving holder of a PhD, but referred to as Mrs (despite a divorce) when she found work as a maths teacher.
The second daughter of a Czechoslovakian lawyer, Elise was born at the turn of the 20th century in Most, a Bohemian city in the northern part of what is now the Czech Republic. The region was German-speaking – Most's German name is Brüx – and Elise grew up speaking that language. Her family was Jewish, well-educated and quite well-to-do.
During the first world war, when the situation for Jews in that area was good, she and her sister Kathe attended high school in their home town, with Elise showing a particular aptitude for mathematics. She went on to study at the local college at 16, graduating in 1923, and then went on to the University of Vienna for four further years – gaining a distinction in maths – and achieving a doctorate in 1928. At the time, women were only admitted to doctorates in certain subjects at the University of Vienna. Somewhere along the way she'd met and married Ernst, a junior lawyer in her father's office, in about 1924 and gave birth to a daughter around 1928. However, the marriage did not work out and ended in divorce.
After qualifying for her doctorate, and gaining the first part of a teaching diploma, she spent eight years as visiting lecturer at the University of Prague, and then moved to be the Statistical Expert at the Institute of Market Research in Vienna. Her father died in 1931, but her mother continued to live in Most. By this point, the situation for Jews in this part of Europe was getting dangerous. Her daughter, then around 10, was excluded from her school in Vienna on the basis of her Jewish background, so she and Elise returned to Prague. Her daughter managed to escape in January 1939 as part of the Kindertransport with the help of the Barbican Mission to the Jews, based in London's East End, who saved around 100 children in the nine months up to the outbreak of World War II. The idea of the mission was that the Jewish children should convert to Christianity, which did not particularly bother Elise or her ex-husband as – though Jewish by birth – they were agnostic. Elise was able to follow her two months later, on a domestic permit – presumably with the idea of being able to care for her – but left her mother and ex-husband behind. Her sister had married and moved to Chile with her husband, which may have been considered as another avenue of escape, but ultimately the domestic permit provide Elise with the means to leave.
England at the time was not a particularly cosmopolitan place. Many people had not been abroad – the country was decades away from package holidays – and much of the news from the area that Elise came from centred on Hitler and the activities of the Nazi party, so even rescued Czech Jews could be viewed with suspicion. In addition, Elise's doctorate came from a non-British university, so many might doubt the rigour of that education as it was "different" to that which they had experienced.
Therefore, Elise had to find work in England as and where she could. With the help of people within the Barbican Mission for the Jews she began working as a chamber maid, then a cook and a governess, and the 1939 register – taken a few weeks after the outbreak of the Second World War – has her performing domestic duties for a female accountant in London, though the register acknowledges that she is a statistics expert, and she probably helped the accountant as well as doing the cleaning. But on this form her doctorate is not acknowledged. Her daughter lived separately, with the mission in a home in the Brockley area, and Elise's access to her was restricted.
In January of 1940, with many of the male teachers starting to be taken into the forces as the war got underway, there were starting to be shortages in teaching staff in many schools. She managed to gain a position as temporary science mistress at Thorn Bank school in Malvern-Wells, Worcestershire. This was a small private school for girls, which did not have a great deal of funds for equipment. Elise taught here on her wits and vast knowledge, as her only scientific equipment was pieces of litmus paper. However, the stability of this job meant that her daughter was returned to her care, and they lived together in Malvern-Wells and later in Carlisle where Elise held a mathematics teaching position for a year from September of 1940 that was slightly better than the previous post but not by much.
From here, she had an interview with the head of a town grammar school in Wiltshire on the railway station platform at Derby with a view to replacing his head of maths who was serving in the RAF, and got the job. Whereas the governors of that school were not particularly worldly at that time, the head teacher was young and a Quaker, part of the Rowntree chocolate manufacturing family of York, and as part of the company business had even been abroad. He recognised that a doctorate from the University of Vienna was equal to one from a British university, and persuaded the governors to take on Elise – though in a nod to their reservations she was still referred to as Mrs and not as Doctor. They may also have had reservations as the previous replacement was also a German Jewish refugee and had been interned in an Enemy Alien camp for a few months in 1940, and they may have feared losing Elise to this fate too – although it was only the men who were interred in the end.
Elise became the senior maths teacher of the school, in Bradford on Avon, and her daughter enrolled too. She was well liked by staff and pupils alike, and respected by all. Her heavy accent apparently was difficult to understand at first, but many students found her lessons inspirational. She was paid on the standard scale, with slight deductions for being in a temporary position and technically an alien, but was awarded a special payment for her exceptional qualifications – which they still weren't formally recognising – in 1943.
During this period, both her mother and ex-husband – who had not been able to escape the Nazi regime – were placed by the Third Reich. Communication would have been non-existent, so she probably would not have known of their fate until after the war. Her mother was sent to the Theresienstadt Jewish ghetto, with other Czech Jews, which eventually became a labour camp. She was then sent on to Auschwitz, where she died in the gas chambers sometime in either 1943 or 1944. Ernst, Elise's ex-husband, was sent to the ghetto at Łódź, Poland, where he died of starvation in 1943. Her teaching position, and life in the UK, must have included hope that her family and friends had somehow survived.
Elise, left, with other grammar school staff in 1944
Elise remained at the grammar school in Bradford on Avon until the end of the school year in 1945, when – the war having ended in May, at least in Europe – it was expected that the head of maths would return from RAF duty and take his place again at the school. In practice, this did not happen until 1946, and another German refugee was employed until then. The job did belong to the original head of maths, but it is fair to say that Elise was far better qualified for the role than he was.
She moved to be maths teacher at the Greenford County School, in Middlesex, and her daughter moved with her. After a few years here she was able to make the switch back into working in higher education in London, although an exact institution remains elusive. She was active in both the English and German language fields of maths, and here reclaimed the title of Dr again as it was finally recognised.
Her daughter lived with her in Wembley until her marriage in the late 1950s, after which she appears to have lived alone. She visited her sister Kathe in Chile in the late 1950s and early 60s. After Kathe's husband's death in the early 1970s Kathe went back to Germany and lived in Munich, so Elise had a ready made base there when she travelled for work. She eventually had two grandsons.
She also continued her research while working in higher education. There is a picture of her attending the Edinburgh Mathematical Society Colloquium in St Andrews, Scotland, in 1976. She is also mentioned as a member of the Austrian Mathematics Association by the International Mathematical News published in Vienna in 1977. By this point she was living in Latymer Court in Hammersmith, built in 1934 and described at that time as the largest single luxury block of flats in Europe.
In 1978 she was awarded a Golden Doctorate from the University of Vienna, an accolade given to those who have reached 50 years since their original doctorate and are still continuing to research and push the boundaries of their subject. She still did not stop there – in 1983, at the age of 80, she delivered a paper in Germany on "The practical treatment of stress concentrations and singularities within the finite element displacement algorithms", and there is mention of her having delivered lectures for the Open University.
She died in 1991, aged 88, and was buried close to home in London.
Helen T's story
On November 19, 2019 November 26, 2019 By thewomenwhomademeIn 1900s, 1910s, 1920s, 20th century, United KingdomLeave a comment
A food technician is a job that most people would associate more with the 1970s and various lurid additives and e-numbers, rather than the 1920s and the "household arts", but that is perhaps the best way to describe the work of Helen T.
For many years Helen lectured in the Department of Household Arts at Kings College For Women – now just Kings College, in London – and experimented with the science of particular ingredients and nutrition, with a view to improving advice given to school girls and therefore influencing the nation into better health. Since cooking and food had long been regarded as "women's work", this was an area where the growing number of female scientists were starting to make their mark at the time – although it is unlikely that Helen regarded herself as a scientist but more of an experimenter.
She was Scottish by birth, having been born into a landed family at the tail end of the 1890s. Her father – English by birth but Scottish by family – owned a large farm in the Scottish borders where he bred Leicester sheep and exhibited horses, and her mother appears to have done her fair share of work on the farm too. However, by the time Helen was two the flock of sheep had been sold, and the farm was let to a man from Edinburgh. Her father went to fight in the Boer War, leaving Helen and her mother living on the farm. Her mother called herself the head dairymaid, indicating that she was in charge of this operation, but clearly did not own the property herself. There were also two servants living with Helen and her mother, but possibly not working for them and rather perhaps for the farmer himself.
Helen and her mother then disappear from the British records for quite some considerable time. The best guess is that after the Boer War her father settled abroad somewhere and they went to join him, as later records do not appear to indicate a parental split. This may well have been in southern Africa, as there were many farming opportunities and perceived fortunes to be made across the former British colonies, but there is no indication of exactly where.
It is known that Helen travelled though, as there is a shipping record of her coming back to the UK from Gibraltar when she was in her mid-20s, and she must have studied in Paris at some point as she gained a diploma in cookery from the Cordon Bleu school based there. Her mother took up residence in Glasgow, it appears, when back in this country, and her father's brother was quite prominent in life in County Durham, but Helen based herself in London.
She became a lecturer in the Household and Social Science Department at Kings College for Women in 1924. At this point the school was attached to that institution, but it became an independent entity in 1928 called King's College of Household and Social Science. This meant that in 1929 the school was part of the University of London in the Faculty of Science. They also offered short courses in Institutional and Household Management, and a science course for nurses to enable them to gain a position of Sister Tutor.
The staff of King's College in 1938. Helen is almost certainly included, somewhere.
Girls had been taught household skills at schools for many years – they were seen as an important part of the elementary school curriculum, undertaken by older pupils, either to prepare the young woman for running her own household when she married or for a skills base to enable them to take a placement as a domestic servant. Girls learnt cookery, how to stretch a household budget, sewing and textile crafts, laundry management and skills, and how to clean various different items. The advent of technology has meant that today these skills can be accomplished quickly and easily, but back then these jobs were often manual labour – cleaning silver cutlery, washing with a copper and a mangle, cooking on a range, and so on.
The Kings College of Household and Social Science took these tasks further, pushing the boundaries to find new ways of providing good nutrition, efficiencies in laundry tasks, science of food preservation, and many other ground-breaking ideas. Helen was involved in this end of the academic research, teaching the students and helping them to develop their own ideas.
Food was undoubtedly her speciality, both as an academic exploring nutrition and a cook working in the teaching kitchen. She also broadcast on her subjects as part of her job. A 1927 festive programme on BBC radio records that she was offering advice on how to "provide a party of children with a spread that will satisfy their keen sense of what is due at Christmas-time, without making them ill." The accompanying blurb says that at this time she was an examiner in sick room cookery at Middlesex Hospital – nutritionists played an important part in helping the sick get well – and that she was presently engaged in working at the Low Temperature Research Station at Cambridge. Cooking at lower temperatures would have meant using less fuel, which would have helped household budgets – therefore Helen's research would have directly impacted on women's daily lives.
Cookery students at Kings in the 1930s
She worked closely with Miss Jessie Lindsay, who was head of the Household Arts department, and later became the only woman member of the Advisory Committee on Nutrition for the Ministry of Health. Jessie was also an examiner in sick room cookery, and an expert in dietetics. Together they collaborated on two books. The first, What Every Cook Should Know, appeared in 1932. Rather than being a recipe book, it instead looks at the underlying basic principles of preparing food – handling yeast, how different parts of an animal have different cell structures so behave in disparate ways when heat is applied, commonly observed faults in recipes, and so on. In this sense, the work is far more about the science rather than the art of cookery, and thus goes way beyond the usually assumed remit of housewifery and domestic arts.
Their second book, Modern Cookery for Schools, was published in 1934, and instructed teachers on how best to instruct their students in meal preparation and planning. This was considered a definitive work in the teaching of domestic science, and was a popular tome for many years after publication.
Jessie Lindsay, Helen's co-author and colleague
As for her personal life, Helen never married. She lived with a woman, Margaret, at addresses both in London and a village on the borders of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire. Margaret worked as an arts auctioneer. There is no indication whether that this was a romantic relationship, and if it was it would have flown mostly under the radar, but it is equally possible that this was a close friendship. There was a marriage bar on female teachers in schools until 1944, and although it depended on the institution whether this applied to female lecturers it often meant that these guidelines were socially followed, and Margaret may have been a close companion rather than a lover. Her mother spent some time in Glasgow, and some time with her sister in Kent, meaning that she was close if Helen needed her. There was also a third member of their village household, an arts master named William, who may have had some connection to either Margaret's work, or taught at a London university himself alongside Helen.
At the outbreak of the Second World War, Helen was still working at Kings College, but referred to herself as a journalist as well as a lecturer, so may well have been contributing to various publications. Kings College and its students was evacuated from London, first going to Cardiff – where Jessie Lindsay can be found on the 1939 register – and then subsequently to Leicester.
Helen did not go with the college, however. She resigned her position to take a role in the newly re-established Ministry of Food, under its first director W S Morrison and then under the more famous Lord Woolton. Using her expertise on nutrition and household economics, she organised a nationwide propaganda campaign on food advice aimed at housewives, and gained a promotion to Head of the Food Advice Division. Much of this advice probably found itself into war-time food leaflets, although these did not bear Helen's name.
In this new role, amid the introduction of rationing in January 1940, Helen flourished, from all accounts.
"It was her personal qualities which gave to her work so great a measure of inspiration," recalled former colleague Howard Marshall. "She saw in the Food Advice movement an opportunity for service to the community. She realised that the guidance she was able to give to housewives through her Food Advice centres would result in better standards of living."
Her mother died in Kent, in the first year of the war, leaving her effects to Helen. Her father appears to have been dead for quite a while before this, but there is no British record for what happened to him.
However, this job – though it appeared to be a great fit for Helen's skills and personality – did not last long enough. She died suddenly at her village home in 1942, aged only 44, shocking the staff of the Ministry of Food.
"She was passionately sincere and entirely selfless in her approach to the problems created by war-time conditions," said Howard Marshall, in letters. "Her humour, her enthusiasm, her wide humanity, and her energy will be sadly missed by all those who were privileged to work with her…. She was, I believe, too modest ever to have known how important her contribution was or how much it was appreciated… I feel as if a light had gone out… The best tribute we can pay to her memory is to continue the service to the community which is represented by Food Advice with our utmost energy."
Her funeral was quietly held in the village, and her effects were handled by Margaret and a Scottish Writer to the Signet. There was a considerable amount of money that she had accumulated during her life.
Her former colleague Jessie Lindsay resigned her post from Kings College in 1948, though her books continued to be published for many years. She lived to be 100. Margaret lived on in their house until the mid-1970s, dying in her 80s.
Mary H's story
On September 30, 2019 September 30, 2019 By thewomenwhomademeIn 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1900s, 19th century, United Kingdom2 Comments
It is a bit of a myth that married women didn't work in Victorian times – they often did, whether it was acknowledged or not. Unacknowledged roles might be serving behind the bar in the family pub, having their own jobs on a farm, or doing the accounts for her husband's business. All these would still leave the profession box blank on a census return – the job was their husband's, and therefore the work was attributed to him.
When it came to acknowledged work, low pay on behalf of their husbands would often mean that married women had to juggle childcare alongside a job, whether it was taking in laundry to make ends meet, or having a more formal role in a factory. However, respectable married women were not supposed to work in polite society – but if you had faced stigma from various different sources all your life, this probably mattered less as to how you saw your place in the community, and you carried on regardless. And this work ethic could help inspire those who came after you.
Mary was a married worker, with 14 children under her belt by the time she'd reached her 40s, and continually worked as a cloth weaver throughout her life. But she probably had faced enough stigma through her earlier life that any censure for working was water off a duck's back.
The fact that she was a cloth weaver came from her parentage. Her father William had worked as a cloth weaver himself since his early teens, and many of his nearest and dearest worked throughout their lives too, whether they were male or female.
Mary was born in Rhydyfelin, South Wales – in modern day Rhondda Cynon Taff, not far from Pontypridd. The cloth industry at that time (late 1850s), in that area, was small. There was one mill, at Upper Boat and Rhydyfelin on the banks of the river Rhondda, which was run by Evan and James James. This had a small workforce, of which Mary's father William, and possibly her mother Fanny, was part. Evan and James James, though cloth factory owners, are better known as the composers of Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau or Land of My Fathers, the Welsh National Anthem, and a statue commemorates them in Pontypridd.
Fanny was William's third wife. Mary had a living brother from his first marriage, no siblings from his second, and then an older brother – Edward – from his marriage to Fanny. They were joined by sisters – Frances and Sarah, who lived, and Ann, who didn't. Though William came from Wiltshire and Fanny from Somerset, the family moved around a great deal, going where the work was. They spent time around Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge, Tiverton and Chard in Somerset, and Cam and Wootton Under Edge in Gloucestershire, but Mary was the only child born in Wales.
Fanny died in 1869, when Mary was around 10, and her father very quickly married a fourth time – to Caroline. Mary gained a step-brother near her own age, and four siblings, all but one who lived.
On the face of it, this appears to be a fairly normal working class childhood for the period, but William's four wives and the speed with which he mostly married the next after the previous wife's death could point to something a little out of the ordinary, or even sinister.
Clarity is gained when it becomes more obvious that the family were early converts to Mormonism. William's brother Samuel had left the Trowbridge area for Utah and Salt Lake City in the early 1850s, and their father Edward and other siblings were also known to have been members of that church. Five years before Mary's birth there were around 50,000 Mormons in the UK. The earliest establishment of Mormon worship in Wiltshire was in the mid-1840s at Steeple Ashton, just outside Trowbridge, which fits with where the family were based. Mormons, as it was a fairly new faith with different interpretations and customs from established Church of England practices or even non-conformist groups, met a fair amount of suspicion and stigma in their community. At that time the church had not yet renounced polygamy, so it is possible that William and his wives may have had arrangements that were not recognised in the law of the time.
Growing up in this community, wherever you were based, could not have been easy for Mary and her siblings. Indeed, a great many Mormons emigrated to Utah from the Steeple Ashton area in the later part of the 19th century, having faced persecution. It is therefore no surprise that Mary's choices in adulthood flew against society's norms, whether the family needed the money or not.
The family settled at Drynham, to the south of Trowbridge – a town with many cloth mills – during Mary's teens, and then into the town centre itself. She married Frederick, another weaver, in 1878 when she was around 19. Her father and stepmother and siblings were still in the area at the time, but they shortly emigrated to Utah themselves, leaving Mary behind. Her wedding doesn't appear to have taken place in Mormon premises, however, as they married in a non-conformist chapel.
Frederick, a cloth worker who had been brought up purely in Wiltshire, does not appear to have either shared Mary's faith or been particularly wedded to non-conformism. This is evident in that their first son, Thomas, who was well on the way by the time they married, had a Church of England baptism in Trowbridge.
Thomas, Mary's first born, did not live very long. He was dead within a month of birth. The same fate awaited her second child, Rosa Augusta, who followed just over a year later – though she managed to last three months. Throughout, Mary worked at the clothmill, alongside Frederick.
Her third child, a daughter named Rose, was the first to survive babyhood. By the time of the 1881 census she was 3 months old and living with her parents in a two-up, two down property in the southern part of Trowbridge. Even this early in her babyhood, Mary was working as a woollen spinner, attached to one of the many nearby mills. The next two children, Laura and Frederick, also survived early childhood, but a third daughter – Florence – did not, dying in the winter of 1886 aged around 5 months.
Mary's husband Frederick died shortly afterwards in early February, aged 32, leaving her cloth work as the only means of support for her and her three children. Another baby, Herbert, followed in the Spring of 1887. Mathematics would indicate that he was not Frederick's child, since he was born 13 months after his father's death, but he bore Frederick's surname. In later life, when he signed up for the marines, he added a year to his age – but since this would put his birth at barely seven months after that of Florence, it does not work out. Exactly who Herbert's father was is lost to time.
Around a year later, Mary's daughters Rose and Laura enter the Union Workhouse at nearby Semington. Day books of entries have not survived, so their records of entry come from the workhouse school. It seems likely that Mary also entered, along with sons Frederick and Herbert, who were too young for schooling, but no record survives of this. To have at least some of the family in the workhouse means that she was struggling financially to keep going.
Four years later though, Mary had come to Chippenham to work in the Waterford Cloth Mill there and can be found on the 1891 census. Her two surviving sons were with her, but her daughters were not. Both still remained in the workhouse, and had been baptised from there too. In addition, there was a new baby, Walter, from her second husband Jacob – another worker at the cloth mill. However, there is no formal record of their marriage evident. Jacob had also been married before – his first wife Elizabeth died in 1888 – and Mary inherited six step-children. Despite a new baby, she was still working in the cloth mill. The fact that both daughters were still in the workhouse meant that there was not enough money coming in to support their upkeep.
After Walter she had five more children, taking her personal total of pregnancies to fourteen and her combined total with Jacob's first family included to twenty children. The first was Florence, then Wilfrid (named after her brother, and who only lived a few months) then Wilfred, Lily, Ernest and William. William, the youngest, born in 1902 when she was around 43, again did not survive early childhood. So, although Mary had given birth to fourteen children, she had only nine that lived past infancy.
Throughout all these pregnancies Mary continued to work in the cloth mill. One of her earlier daughters, Laura, came to live with the new family and worked at the nearby condensed milk factory. The other from the workhouse seems to disappear – but may have been known as Annie rather than Rose, so may be in records under a different name. Jacob, who was also a hard worker, also sometimes worked at the cloth mill, but in addition worked as a carter for a local coal merchant. He is known to have been quite politically active, taking his children to see future Prime Minister Lloyd George speak in around 1903. His father was also living on the same street, which was known for poor quality housing that would often flood on the ground floor when the river was high, so it is possible that he helped out with childcare for Mary and Jacob's children. Most of the children worked in local industries as they grew up – the cloth mill, and the milk factory invariably.
In 1910, at the age of 53, Mary died. Her daughters Florence and Laura therefore took on much of the household and care for the children, as Jacob continued to work for another three years until his own death. Two of her sons were killed in the First World War, and the rest of her children all worked hard throughout their lives – mostly around Chippenham. It's her daughter Florence that is best remembered however, being extremely active around workers rights, and an eventual president of the TUC. She was later made a Dame.
Amy E Bell's story
On July 7, 2019 July 8, 2019 By thewomenwhomademeIn 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1900s, 1910s, 1920s, 19th century, 20th century, Thailand, United KingdomLeave a comment
Amy E Bell holds the distinction of being the first British woman stockbroker, at least as far as the publication Common Cause was aware when they published her obituary, and indeed there is no record of anyone having held that position earlier in the UK. The USA had Victoria Woodhull and her sister Tennessee Clafin, who had established a Wall Street Brokerage firm in 1870, but Amy was the first in the UK. However, she was never admitted to the London Stock Exchange – although there was no specific rule banning women from entering, new members had to be voted upon and anyone female was immediately blocked by the old boys network until six women broke through in 1973 – Muriel Wood, Susan Shaw, Hilary Root, Anthea Gaukroger, Audrey Geddes, Elisabeth Rivers-Bulkeley.
Other regional exchanges – in places like Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester – had admitted women a bit earlier, but it was the 1973 merger with London that brought on the change. However, when Amy was practicing, during the 1880s and 1890s, the landscape of the financial world was very different, and this change nearly 100 years in the future.
A close friend, Edith C Wilson, writing in Common Cause a week after the obituary, says that Amy's health meant that she had no wish to challenge the establishment and attempt to get into the LSE, but instead preferred to work outside the institution like many provincial brokers of the age – getting a member on the inside of the exchange to fulfil any necessary jobs for her. So, she established her business in Grays Inn, near to the LSE hub.
But how did she get to be a stockbroker in her era in the first place? The answer lies in her early years and level of education.
She was orphaned at around six months old. She'd been born in Bangkok, then in Siam, now in Thailand, in February 1859. Her father was Charles Bell, who had been appointed to the position of Vice Consul of Great Britain to Siam in 1857. Before this, Siam had been independent of colonial interests in the region, but the Bowring treaty – brokered by John Bowring, the British Governor of Hong Kong at the time – established some close links with the King of Siam and the British government at the time, and it was felt by Secretary for Foreign Affairs George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, that diplomacy should be established in the Kingdom and Charles was appointed.
He married Charlotte Erskine Goodeve in November 1857 in Singapore, and Amy was born over a year later. Little information survives of their life in Bangkok. A letter from King Mongkut to John Bowring makes mention that Charles is living in a house at the frontier part of the palace of his younger brother Krom Hluang Wongsahdi Rajsnidh (another of the 73 children of Mongkut's father Rama II). He says that, while Amy's father's command of the Siamese language is now extensive, he has little to do and lives quite idly – which speaks of a relaxed and privileged life on the part of Amy's parents, and a newspaper report of the time says that the consulate was on the river, and served elaborate dinners. Another report of the time says that Charles was involved in trying to get Siam to adopt silver coinage.
As to exactly what happened to Charlotte and Charles, the record is unclear. They died a week apart, in early September 1859, in Bangkok. There is no unrest known in the area at the time, so it seems likely that both were ill, and succumbed one after the other. They were 27 and 28 respectively and were buried in Bangkok Protestant Cemetery. Charlotte became a widow for the last week of her life, and her will transferred care of baby Amy – along with £4,000 – to her brother John Goodeve back in England.
John was studying medicine at Queen's College, Cambridge, at this time, so it wasn't to his house that Amy was brought. Her grandfather, Doctor William James Goodeve, would have been perhaps the next option – but he had recently buried his third wife and had several small children of his own, so it was to her great uncle Dr Henry Hurry Goodeve's house in Bristol that Amy was taken by her nursemaid from Bangkok.
Henry Goodeve was married to Isabella, without any children, and looked after various parent-less members of his and his wife's family, so his house Cook's Folly, overlooking the Avon Gorge just outside Bristol, was perhaps the obvious place for baby Amy. They had her christened, in March of 1860, and cared for her alongside relatives and a vast houseful of staff. They had previously adopted Isabella's nephew, another Henry.
This placement for baby Amy turned out to be a good call, as her grandfather died before she was 3. Amy continued to live with Henry and Isabella and their household, and was nurtured and educated as if she was their own child. Henry had served as a doctor in the British army in Bengal, and had been involved in both training Indian doctors and caring for children, as well as furthering medical research. He published a first aid book, called Hints on Children in India, that went through many editions. He had also been hit by a stray bullet on a tiger shoot, which shattered one side of his jaw and marked him for the rest of his life. He also later worked as a doctor in the Crimean War.
On retirement he became a Justice of the Peace, a tax commissioner, and deputy-lieutenant for Gloucestershire, and sat on the board of the local poor law executive. He was also president of the Bristol and Clifton Society in Aid of Boarding Out Union Orphans and Deserted Children, and was a passionate advocate for this. While today we might see removing children from their families as horrific, and rightly so, the Victorians truly believed that they were doing the best for the children and giving them a chance for a better life.
Henry Hurry Ives Goodeve
Her great aunt Isabella died in 1870, when she was around 11. Great Uncle Henry reputedly made Amy his companion in all of his interests, so presumably would have included her in visits and discussions around his businesses and duties. She began reading The Times newspaper daily, studying the content carefully, under his guidance. They also employed a Swiss governess, Sophie Girard, under whose guidance Amy became a competent linguist. She was exceedingly well read, and a lover of poetry.
Her interest in money, stocks and shares reputedly began in early childhood. Her story was that, as a small child, an elderly gentleman visitor while reading The Times attempted to shoo her away to her own lessons. Amy apparently told him that "What's your lessons is my play," as she believed it great fun to watch the rise and fall of stocks on the money market.
Later on, as detailed in Jane Duffus's fabulous book The Women Who Built Bristol 1184-2018, Amy was one of the earliest entrants to Bristol University to study. Bristol University admitted women from opening in 1876, when she was around 17 (university entry was often earlier then than today), and studied with several other women.
After this, she won a Goldsmiths scholarship to Newnham College Cambridge, the first purely female institution there, and continued her studies. Principal at this college at the time was Anne Jemima Clough, another pioneering female academic.
However, Amy's health was said to be precarious – perhaps affected by the illness that had taken her parents – so a friend later commented that for this reason her studies at both Bristol and Cambridge were necessarily brief. The 1881 census has her at home with her guardian, her relatives and her governess in Bristol, 22 years old and unmarried.
When her great uncle died in 1884, Amy declared her intention to become a stockbroker. It was widely believed at the time that she had somehow inherited the stockbroking business from a relative, but this was not the case. It was her idea and dream. Using money she had inherited, she initially appears to have set up in Bristol, but in 1888 moved her business to London.
Many of her clients were women of modest means, with a little to invest – the sort of amount that the top stockbrokers of the day would have considered piffling and really below their interest. But Amy knew that wisely invested smaller amounts of money could make all the difference for women's survival on private means. In an era where men were the main earners, and if you lost your breadwinner you would inherit what he had left, judicious investing could pay dividends and keep a household going.
"You need to begin afresh every day," says Miss Bell, speaking of the difficulties of her business. By this expression I take her to mean that the work cannot be performed in installments, as a man writes a book, with a chapter yesterday and another to-day. "And then," she continues, "you must do everything yourself. You must read a great deal – books of history and political economy economy chiefly – but the newspapers continually. Keep an eye on the colonies and these newly explored African territories, did you say? Yes, indeed, and not one eye but a dozen if you had them! The chief qualifications for a successful stockbroker are, in my opinion, a keen interest in the world's affairs and sympathy with individuals. … By sympathy with individuals I mean the power of understanding your client's position. If, for instance, a woman writes to me and says she is old and a widow, that her family are comfortably settled in life, and that she wishes to make sufficient provision for the rest of her days, I know pretty well what kind of investment would suit her best. But if she gives me none of these personal details, I may not succeed in pleasing her half as well."
From Professional Women upon their Professions, by Margaret Bateson, 1895.
Although she did have some male clients, most of her customers were women. Her comment was "one of the pleasantest features about my work is the number of interested, able and cultured women with whom I have made acquaintance."
As we said before, the London Stock Exchange, because of its membership, would not allow women stockbrokers to set foot on the floor. Therefore, Amy set up the office just outside Capel Court, in Grays Inn, and operated from there. Any formal dealings with the LSE that she needed were dealt with by male members. She also had a female clerk to help her out with the work. Newspapers wrote about her and her work, but she never felt the need to advertise her services – relying on word of mouth and reputation.
Inside the LSE at the time
She doesn't appear on the 1891 census – she was known for a love of travel, so it's possible that she was abroad when it was taken – but in 1901 she is still in Grays Inn with her female housekeeper, who must also have been a companion, and calls herself a stockbroker agent.
At some point after this, however, her health forced her to give up work. She then lived off the proceeds of her work and devoted herself to her friends. She was known to have made a great many during her time as a stockbroker, and – although not declared as such on the 1911 census – taken interest in women's suffrage. The 1911 census finds her in a hotel in Bloomsbury, as a guest, with a lady's companion. Whether this is a hint towards her sexuality is unclear, but it is known that she never married. Either way, marriage would have forced her to give up work, by the propriety of the day, and it is clear that work was a considerable passion for her.
"I want," she says, "to make women understand their money matters and take a pleasure in dealing with them. After all, is money such a sordid consideration? May it not make all the difference to a hard-working woman when she reaches middle life whether she has or has not those few hundreds?… Many women are quite astonished when I explain business details to them, and ask "But is that really all?" So many women, you see, are not allowed to have the command of their capital. But in this, as in other ways, I rejoice to see that women are daily becoming more independent."
Margaret Bateson, 1895.
It's unknown what she did during the First World War – reports are that she spent time living with various friends. And it was at the home of one of these friends that she died, in March of 1920, after a brief attack of influenza which brought on heart failure. This friend was Maude Ashurst Biggs, a novelist and translator with suffrage sympathies, who lived in South Hampstead.
Common Cause, the newspaper of women's suffrage, published an glowing obituary, which her close friend added to in the following edition:
"She was an admirable pioneer, obtaining recognition by sheer force of knowledge and ability, with no ostentation or eccentricity. One great secret of her success was her happy art of turning clients into personal friends. She humanised her profession, and was happy in leaving an open path to her successors."
Edith C Wilson, writing in Common Cause, March 1920
Amy Elizabeth Bell, from Margaret Bateson's book of 1895
Susannah P's story
On July 1, 2019 July 1, 2019 By thewomenwhomademeIn 1840s, 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1900s, 19th century, United KingdomLeave a comment
Susannah was a ballet dancer, which means a very different thing in today's culture than it did in the 1870s – when it basically equated to an immoral woman with connotations of prostitution, and she was treated accordingly. She ended up in a reform home.
Today we have a particular social and cultural view of ballet dancers – it's high culture, an aspirational discipline characterised by hard work and sacrifice, and full of grace and beauty. Women who perform it are seen as wholesome and hardworking. This view – in the UK at least – really comes from the work of Dame Ninette De Valois and her ilk, founding the Royal Ballet School in the mid-1920s and bolstering the art form's reputation and standing in society at that time.
In Susannah's time as a ballet dancer – and you'd perhaps hesitate to call her a ballerina, as that word has many unspoken nuances that link it to the French and Russian traditions – the dance form and its connotations were very different. While she called herself a ballet dancer on one census return, ballet in the UK of the 1870s was more music hall and variety show dancing in a troupe, perhaps as part of a pantomime, than the crisp corps de ballet of Swan Lake or Coppélia. And while ballet of that form was still being performed on the continent, displays of it were rare in the UK – and instead the more popular view of a ballet dancer was a performer in an entertainment.
Britain had had some exposure to the high art form of ballet earlier in the 19th century. Indeed, by the 1840s the great romantic ballerinas of the age – Marie Taglioni and Fanny Elssler – had toured Europe, including the UK, and had been widely seen. However, while the Russian and French ballet traditions continued, interest dimmed in the UK – perhaps as the country did not produce its own great romantic ballerina (Clara Webster was prophesised to become this icon, but sadly died after a costume caught fire in 1844).
At the same time, middle- and high-class Victorian moralising was intensifying, and ballet and theatrical costumes often exposed far more female flesh than was considered proper for the time. Degas paintings, for example, had a titillating element to them that we might not recognise today, and were a form of pornography for their era.
It was against this background that Susannah went on the stage as a ballet dancer. It appears to have been a career that she fell into rather than deliberately chose.
She was born in London in the mid-1840s, and was one of six siblings – although an older sister had died before she was born. The family appear relatively well off. Her father, Edward, had been a confectioner when his oldest children were born and by the time Susannah arrived he gave his profession as a cook.
A male cook in this era was unusual. Domestic cooks were invariably women, employed and accommodated in bigger houses, whereas Susannah's father appears to have lived at home. His prior occupation of confectioner gives more of a clue to his career. Male employed cooks were usually responsible for high end and intricate food – into which category confectionary fell – in very stately homes or hotels. In fact, Edward was employed by Judge Sir John Jervis, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and was cook to the household alongside another man. The job required some travelling – the 1851 census finds Edward at work in Norfolk, while Susannah and her mother and siblings are at home in London.
Her father's job was clearly a relatively lucrative one, and Susannah and her sisters and brother didn't need to go out to work as they grew up. Although not rich, they would have enjoyed activities from the expanding middle class. Her older sister Sarah was educated until at least the age of 14, and it's likely that Susannah and her sisters Louisa and Emma were included in that. It's also likely that the girls of the family would have had some dancing instruction – although not from Marie Taglioni, who didn't teach in the UK until the late 1870s – which would have stood them in good stead for later on.
Her father was clearly on the rise. The family began while he and his wife Sarah were living in the Barbican area, but they soon moved to a smart town house now on Shepherdess Walk in Hoxton, and then later they were in cottages in Caledonian Road, Barnsbury. Sir John Jervis died in 1856, but their lifestyle continued so it is probable that Edward found similar work.
Susannah's next youngest sister Louisa married a wine merchant in 1864, although this did not work out (and is a subject for another blog), and her older sister Sarah appeared to leave the family – but whether this was marriage, death or work is unclear. However, things changed completely when Susannah's father died in 1868.
Her mother suddenly lost her source of income and the lifestyle they had previously enjoyed. She moved the family to Drury Lane – the heart of London's theatre district – and put Susannah, at this stage aged 27 and unmarried, and her younger sister Emma on the stage. The 1871 census describes Susannah and her sister as "performer", although it is not specific which theatre they are working in. Their younger brother – Edward – is bringing in money as a fishing rod maker, so it is clear that all three children are supporting the family by whatever means possible. Susannah and Emma must have had enough talent and instruction from their more privileged former life to gain jobs as performers – and its Susannah's later description of herself as a ballet dancer that leads to the assertation that they were probably taking part in the more music hall/pantomime productions of the era.
Pantomime and light entertainment ballet was flourishing at this time. Many new venues had opened in preceding years – Canterbury Music Hall in Lambeth, the Oxford near Tottenham Court Road, South London Palace near the Elephant and Castle, and the Adelphi Theatre. But Susannah and Emma were more likely employed at the Alhambra Theatre and the Empire Theatre in Leicester Square. The Alhambra had a reputation for lavish ballet "spectaculars", performed by vast numbers of dancers exhibiting entertainment that promoted patriotic pride and the culture of the day.
This was a precarious life, and not without its dangers. Gas lights in theatres and flammable fabrics used in costumes made burns a constant risk. The most famous victim of this was Emma Livry – who was burned after an accident with a gas lamp in a rehearsal at the Paris Opera in 1862, and died following the wounds in July 1863. However, an account of a fire during a pantomime of Richard Coeur de Lion, at the Surrey Theatre on Blackfriars Road in 1865, gives an impression of the sort of performance Susannah and her sister Emma would have been part of. The show's clown, Rowella, was performing a burlesque solo on the trombone when the fire was noticed, and it was thanks to his efforts and other pantomime performers that the troupe of flimsily dressed ballet girls also appearing in the entertainment were saved. Thankfully, Susannah and Emma were not part of this world at the time, but the backstage world could be a risky place.
While Emma married in 1875, and left performing, Susannah continued. Her mother died in 1879, which may well have made her even more reliant on her income from the stage.
However, by the 1880s this stopped. The 1881 census finds her in the Female Preventive and Reformatory Institution, the origins of which was explored in Hephzibah's story. While this, by modern standards, may seem an odd place to find a ballet dancer, the moral background surrounding performers did not sit well with society's improvers. Male theatre patrons would buy sexual favours from ballet dancers and actresses – this was part of the lifestyle and a way to make extra money. Therefore, Susannah was, whether she engaged in this practice or not, a fallen woman in terms of the society surrounding her.
As someone who had previously been of a good family, Susannah was ideally placed to be taken in by the ideals of the Female Preventive and Reformatory Institution. Those who ran the programme, who actively recruited women on the streets and around the theatre district, felt that those who had been brought up morally but had fallen into disrepute could be saved by their good work.
The work of the institution trained inmates for a new and moral life, offering them preparation for work as domestic servants and finding them good positions when they had reformed. Susannah, at this time, was 37 but claimed to be 30. It may be that she was getting tired from the rigors of performing, and was looking for a way out – so, whether she worked as a prostitute as well as a dancer or not, she may have felt that this was a chance at a new life.
After her retraining was over, she was supposed to be found a domestic placement to support her going onwards. Whether this happened or not isn't clear – there are a couple of plain Susans (rather than the more flamboyant Susannah) on the 1891 census, working as cooks in big houses, but no one answering her exact name. It's also possible that she was using her middle name – Elizabeth – for this new life, but there isn't an exact fit for her here either. There is a reference to a Susannah of about the right age entering the workhouse in 1882, declared insane. This woman was removed after a while by "friends" – who, if this was our Susannah, could have been either from the theatre or the reformatory. But again, there is no definite proof this is Susannah the dancer.
What is certain, however, is that she lived to a great age and was buried under her own full name. She died in 1939, just before the outbreak of war, aged 92. And is buried in Greenwich.


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