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Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 16 › Dunlop v. Hepburn
Dunlop v. Hepburn, 16 U.S. 231 (1818)
Dunlop v. Hepburn, 16 U.S. 3 Wheat. 231 231 (1818)
Dunlop v. Hepburn
16 U.S. (3 Wheat.) 231
In this case, the Court explained the decree in this cause, reported 14 U. S. 1 Wheat. 179, so that the defendants were only to be accountable for the rents and profits of the lands, referred to in the proceedings, actually received by them.
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
MR. JUSTICE WASHINGTON delivered the opinion of the Court.
By the decree of this Court made in this cause at February term, 1816, the defendants were ordered
"to make up, state, and settle, before a commissioner or commissioners to be appointed by the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for the County of Alexandria, an account of the rents and profits of the tract of land referred to in the proceedings, since 27 March, 1809, and that they pay over the same to the complainants, John Dunlop & Co., or to their lawful agent or attorney."
The commissioners appointed by the circuit court to execute this part of the decree of this Court made a report, in which they state
"that it did not appear to them that the said William Hepburn and John Dundas, or the legal representatives of the said Dundas, ever received any rents or profits of the land from 27 March, 1809, until the date of the report, but
that the reasonable rents and profits of the said land in its untenantable situation from 27 March, 1809, to 27 March, 1816, with due care would be equal to $2,077.60 dollars."
The cause coming on to be heard in the court below on this report, and that court being of opinion that under the decree of this Court, the defendants were only to be accountable for the rents and profits actually received, it was decreed that the bill, so far as it seeks a recovery of rents and profits, should be dismissed, from which decree an appeal was prayed to this Court.
I am instructed by the court to say that the decree of the circuit is in strict conformity with the decree and mandate of this Court, and is therefore to be affirmed.


The budget reveals the government's inability to put itself in the shoes of its electorate. By Sean Kelly.
It is a quotation that has lingered with me as the fury over the Abbott government's brutal ideological assault on the poor, the sick, the unemployed and the elderly has gathered momentum.
The reaction to this year's federal budget was swift and it was shocking.
Most budgets barely move the needle, giving the lie to the political hype that precedes them. Most die quick deaths, hardly remembered days later. This one scratches steadily onwards, its lifespan measured in front pages and stories on the evening news.
Amid the frenzied catcalls of political debate, it is worth pausing for a moment to ask why this time is different.
Voters don't like being lied to. But they have come to expect it. The information that has trickled out of focus groups suggests the vitriolic public reaction has little to do with dishonoured vows, and everything to do with basic humanity.
People listened to what the budget was telling them, and what they heard was a prime minister and a treasurer who had failed to imagine their way into other people's lives.
One of the first things I was told when I began working in politics was that voters cared only about their bank balances. And it is true that politicians ignore this maxim at their peril.
But something more nuanced has happened in the past few weeks. Australians have punished their leaders for a devastating lack of moral imagination. It's possible that every disaffected voter is simply frustrated at the plundering of their hip pockets. But it doesn't feel that way, talking to friends, talking to strangers. It has been hard to miss, this sense of widespread anger on behalf of others.
A populace able to imagine, if they are young, what it might be like to be old and forgotten one day – or, if they are old, to recall the precarious sensation of being young, without prospects.
An able-bodied populace imagining the everyday obstacle course imposed by disability.
A fit and healthy populace, many in white collars, feeling phantom twinges of the bodily ache that follows having worked with your hands and limbs and back for 45 years, then being told you have to work five more.
This is difficult imaginative work, and it is important that we recognise that achievement for what it is.
That said, we should not simply congratulate ourselves and move on. There is harder work ahead, work many of us have still largely failed to do because what we are being asked to imagine is too far removed from our own experiences.
In reacting to this budget we are not, after all, being asked to conceive of life as a refugee, locked in detention with uncertainty the governing principle of existence. Or to imagine what it is like to attend an endless roll of weddings, watching friends enter into a celebrated institution open to them but closed to you. Failures of imagination are everywhere once you start to look for them.
We must also temper self-congratulation with the knowledge that our rage will not last. It is easy to be angry when confronted with daily headlines, but difficult to remain angry when they fade away. How savagely the prime minister succeeds in reshaping the social contract depends on how quickly we allow the rhythms of our daily lives to absorb his changes, how soon we forget that things were different once.
Some respond that it is simple to throw stones from outside the palace, and that is true. Any leader must choose between competing demands on her sympathies. It is possible to justify almost anything under the heading of "fairness" because there are two sides to almost every story.
This budget is not one of those cases. The National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling has found the poorest fifth of our society is taking a $2.9 billion hit, while the richest fifth loses $1.78 billion. There is no economic argument that can render this "fair".
How did our leaders neglect so completely to put themselves in the shoes of those they govern? One reading is that Abbott and Joe Hockey have been cloistered by lives of relative privilege, unable to imagine otherwise, and perhaps that is true. But other politicians have managed the trick. Gillard, forced to defend her ability to govern for families with children, said "there's never going to be one Australian who can encapsulate in their own life experience the story of every other Australian".
More likely is that the Liberal Party never accepted the result of the 2007 election, and sees its return to government as a right, not a privilege.
You can see it in their outrage at having to answer for what was promised during the campaign, their exasperation at our stubborn refusal to believe all this is for the good of the country. Drawing the wrong message from a community that voted Labor out, and believing they had a mandate to do as they saw fit, Abbott and Hockey did not put their moral imagination to work – not just because they couldn't, but because they didn't think they had to bother.
It is jarring to realise that the people you elected either cannot or do not care about the life you actually lead. Clever sound bites will not dispel Australia's wrath. Only a genuine identification with the people who elected them, an honest effort to understand the fear and injury they have inflicted, can save the Coalition now. Right now, this simple task seems beyond them.
This article was first published in the print edition of The Saturday Paper on May 31, 2014 as "Failure of imagination". Subscribe here.


The match which takes place from time to time between these two teams always brings in surprises. However, if we go by the form and predict the winner, then there is only one champion – Barca. Barcelona is doing well under the supervision of Lionel Messi, Luis Suarez, and Neymar. As of now, the team is on an unbeaten 39 games strike.
Being on a 39 unbeaten games row, Barcelona has reached the top of the La Liga points table. It is nine points ahead from the second-placed Atletico Madrid. This is a significant gap regarding points. While Barca's arch rivals R Madrid is ten points below it. Only a win will be the saving grace for Real.
"El Clasicos are always different and bring surprises. People want to see a good game while I want my team to win the match. Winning is important as I had been an ex-player for the team. I am not pointing towards the end of the season. I just want my men to perform their best," Real M team manager Zinedine Zidane said.
For RM, only Christiano Ronald is the saving grace on which the whole team is dependent. He will have to play at his full potential and showcase best of his game to make his team win the game.
Unlike Barcelona, Real Madrid doesn't have to worry for too many injuries and doesn't have to battle to think to whom and whom not. The RM side played quite well in its last game of La Liga. Its attacking trio – Cristiano Ronaldo, Karim Benzema, and Gareth Bale performed very well.
In this match too, the RM trio has to be at its best level if they want to leave any significant mark on the game. These three players weren't able to perform to their best, and that's the reason they suffered defeat at the hands of Barcelona by a score of 4-0 earlier this season. Barcelona's trio may become the worry for Zidane.
As of now, Messi, Suarez, and Neymar are doing well. Enjoying football and scoring goals with the team effort. It seems to be easier for them to score goals than to take a swig of water. If Real Madrid wants to score at least a point, then they will have to keep those three disoriented.
Arsenal found out a solution to this problem in the Champions League last 16 ties. Frustrate any one of them, and the trio's gameplay will break. One misplaced pass will drop their concentration. One defender will have to do it by facing Messi, Neymar, or Suarez. The match seems to be getting more and more interesting.
Barca vs Real M is scheduled to start at 12:00 am IST or 8:30 pm local time or 2:30 pm ET. Indian audience can catch it on Sony Six / 6 HD, Sony ESPN / ESPN HD while the option to watch Barcelona v R Madrid online is on Sonyliv.
Spanish viewers can catch the El Clasico live updates on Canal+ Liga and Movistar Futbol and Abono Futbol. The people of the UK can watch the telecast on Sky Sports 2 and can stream it live on Sky Go and Watch Sky Sports.
For the people in the USA, Canada, France, Middle East, North Africa, Australia, and Thailand, they can watch the broadcast on Bein Sports. The option of watching live stream is provided by Bein Sports Connect.
PPTV Sports will telecast it in China. Real Madrid v Barcelona 2016 will broadcast on Now Sports 2 in Hong Kong. For the Singapore and Malaysian audience, they can connect to the Astro Supersport and Supersports 202 respectively.
The people of South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa can tune in to watch Barcelona v Real Madrid on SuperSport with the live streaming option on SuperSport Live Video. Justin TV hotbird arabsat nilesat badr fta channels.


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Professor Barry Halliwell - A radical reformist of NUS Research landscape
Professor Barry Halliwell is a man who constantly transforms the research landscape at the National University of Singapore where he is rightly placed in the University Hall as the Deputy President for Research & Technology and as the Tan Chin Tuan Centennial Professor of Biochemistry. He has garnered international attention for his work in the field of Free Radical Biology in the 90s and at the right time, was spotted on the radar of NUS which has always been eyeing for top international talents. NUS's decision was right as he has already helped drive the development of the Life Sciences/Translational Medicine initiatives at NUS over the past ten years and is now driving initiatives in ageing research. In fact, Prof Halliwell started his journey with free radicals research in 1970s and published a number of articles in internationally reputed journals. Recently, he was honoured with the "Lifetime Achievement Award" by the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine in the USA for overall sustained excellence in the field. His laboratory is also ranked number as 1 worldwide with the highest citation score in Free Radical Research. Despite his busy schedule, he readily accepted to meet us when approached him for this interview. Read on to know the story of a boy from a "working class" background, who went on to become the number 1 scientist in free radical research.	Read more...
SNA Lifetime Achievement Award
Barry Halliwell receives SNA Lifetime Achievement Award
Courtesy: NUS Newshub
SNA Symposium 2021
Recent Advances in Neuro-techniques
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SNA has set aside funds to support its members traveling to and presenting at international Neuroscience conferences.
Apply for SNA Travel Award.
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Vizio's 11.6-inch MT11X-A1 tablet PC now available for $599
The super-sized tablet runs Windows 8 and features a 1,920x1,080 full HD resolution.
Xiomara Blanco
Vizio's MT11X-A1 tablet PC is a big release -- literally. The 11.6-incher, weighing in at 1.7 pounds, is one of the largest tablets on the market and sells for $599 list price.
This big boy runs Windows 8 on a 1,920x1080 full HD LED screen and, although it's one of the biggest, it's not one of the fastest. The MT11X-A1 houses a low-power AMD Z60 CPU and AMD Radeon HD 6250 GPU as well as 2GB of RAM and a 64GB SSD.
The tablet PC features dual speakers, and for the selfie-inclined, there's a front-facing 2-megapixel camera. Ports on the tablet include a headphone jack, Mini-HDMI, and microUSB. The plus-size device is billed as light and portable, but it's hard for me to visualize anyone lugging around an 11.6-inch tablet for portability's sake.
Although Vizio's behemoth has a becoming sleek and thin profile, like true beauty, it's what's on the inside that counts. In a competitive market that includes tablets with more impressive specs for less, the MT11X-A1's hefty $599 price tag lowers its mass appeal.
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There isn't much new about Apple's newest entry-level iPad. But it's a better value than...
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The x2 strikes a nearly perfect balance between laptop and tablet -- at a Chromebook price.
Discuss: Vizio's 11.6-inch MT11X-A1 tablet PC now available for $599


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The Upside of Trump's Downsides
By Bradley Tusk • 02/19/18 6:20am
President Donald Trump. MANDEL NGAN/AFP/Getty Images
We learn by example, both what to do and what not to do. Sometimes we misinterpret signals and admire something we should deplore or vice versa. But with enough repetition, most of us get it right.
That's why President Donald Trump's inane behavior, in some ways, is probably good for us. When you look at a tweet like the one he sent Saturday night blaming the Florida shooting on the FBI's investigation of his campaign's possible collusion with Russia, your only reaction is "what a schmuck." On one hand, to have a president with the intellect and maturity of a seven year old is embarrassing—and dangerous. On the other hand, he's a great, shining, as-public-as-can-be example of exactly how not to behave.
I have a nine-year-old son. Nine-year-old boys, as I'm learning, tend to see life in stark contrasts: who has power, authority and strength, and who doesn't. Even though my son proposed a military coup the other day when he asked why the army can't just get rid of Trump (it's tempting), he also understands that Trump's behavior is consistently pathetic and unacceptable. And in a way, the bad example coming out of the Oval Office is teaching him to behave otherwise: to accept responsibility, not make excuses, and treat people with respect. This is not normally a lesson nine-year-old boys take in, but being nine in this particular day and age gives him a clear role model of what not to be.
Nine-year-old boys aren't the only beneficiary. The #MeToo movement likely would not would have happened without Trump's election. His behavior during his campaign led millions of people to protest, which led to investigations of how some powerful men behave in the workplace, which exposed widespread harassment in virtually every industry. This movement gave us dozens more examples of how not to behave, from Harvey Weinstein to Matt Lauer to Al Franken. As a result, the norms of acceptable behavior in the workplace are now changing for the better.
It'll extend further too. When Trump refuses to acknowledge that weak gun laws play a role in mass shootings, the derision he receives sends a powerful message. Sure, hard-core NRA supporters aren't going to change their minds, but every time Trump makes a mockery of logic and reason, it sends a signal to everyone that whatever he's saying is wrong and they should do the opposite. The same will end up proving true for climate change, health insurance, and even immigration. Thanks to his lack of self-awareness, decency or reason, Trump is probably doing more to change our culture and our thinking than any president has in decades.
Of course we would rather learn from positive role models who demonstrate good behavior. But if it takes bad behavior to drive people to the right conclusions and actions, that's not so bad either. Trump's base isn't going to change—the crazier he acts, the deeper their support grows. Partisan Democrats didn't need Trump to serve as a cautionary tale. But most Americans aren't hard-core Republicans or Democrats. Most Americans look at each issue, examine what each side is saying and doing, and then draw their own conclusions (unfortunately, most Americans also don't vote in primaries, so their views are largely ignored). And when someone they find off-putting, scary, irrational and repulsive keeps demonstrating one course of behavior and one mode of thinking, it sends them in the other direction. In other words, despite his best efforts, Trump is inadvertently influencing more and more people to behave decently and think logically.
So on this President's Day, it's worth taking a step back and looking at where we are. This presidency is certainly unusual. It's consistently awful and unquestionably dangerous. But by setting a clear example of how not to behave, it's not completely useless.
Bradley Tusk is the founder and CEO of Tusk Holdings, the parent company of Tusk Strategies, Tusk Ventures, Kronos Archives, the Ivory Gaming Group and Tusk Montgomery Philanthropies.
Filed Under: Politics, National Politics, Donald Trump, Republican Party, FBI, Harvey Weinstein, Matt Lauer, National Rifle Association, al franken
SEE ALSO: George Washington's Legacy Lasts Well Into 2018


We are starting to combine the durum today. We had tried a couple of times earlier in the week but it was too tough. Today it is dry enough. Jacques and Dean are each operating a combine in the field and Cameron is running the grain cart. The grain cart picks up the grain from the combines and transports it to the edge of the field where it gets loaded into the trucks. Nic is driving the semi today, hauling the grain from the field to the yard and unloading it into a bin, where it is stored until sold.
It is a sunny warm day – over 30 degrees Celsius, with little air movement – a great harvest day. The grain looks great, may be a #1 and wouldn't it be nice if it is high protein, but not likely with the abundance of rain we have had (Official Grain Grading Guide). Of course that is why we are getting more bushels per acre than usual.
I (Sherri) am driving Deverick & Dominic up to have a ride on the combines for a while. There are buddy seats with seatbelts in each combine so it is safe for the boys and they are so excited to see the grain cart operate in the field. "Where is it? Can you see it yet? Do you know what colour it is?" I hear them say from the back seat. "Yes, I see it. Over there on the right. It is blue, just like yours." Your's being a toy at 1/64 scale.
We stop to wait for the combine and even though they are anxious to get out, they know the rule. Wait in the car, do not open the door until the combine is stopped and Dad gets out. Then they are off, almost forgetting the lunch bag they lugged so proudly to the car to bring to Dad. They will have so many stories to tell tonight. I take some photos and head back to the yard.
A few hours later and I am headed to the field again, this time with the fuel wagon. One of the combines is low on fuel and I am the "gopher" for now. Fuel delivered, a few more photos and I am back to the yard. There has been a slight hiccup in the field, the hitch on the tractor pulling the grain cart has broken so Jacques has brought it to the yard to weld and Cameron is running that combine.


Our phenotype, or the observable characteristics that are physically expressed in an individual (such as stature and eye color) and that are the outcome of both genetic makeup and environmental influences, differs with every person, but we all share a set of similar anatomical and physiognomic characteristics that make us look like a human being. We also all move differently, yet we also all move the same.
Natural Movement is a biological heritage that all humans share in common regardless of gender, ethnicity, or cultural or religious background. Not everyone may be in great shape, naturally skilled, proficient, or even avid at performing those evolutionary, instinctual movement patterns — especially in modern, civilized populations—but at least no one really starts from scratch. Absolutely everyone possesses minimal Natural Movement abilities, as well as dormant potential for even greater levels of capability.
Moving naturally is not a matter of theory, style, traditions, conventions, invention, or creativity. The Natural Movement of the African or the European, of the Japanese or the American, of the Christian or the Buddhist, of the rich or the poor, of the man or the woman, of the young or the old is not fundamentally determined by the superficial aspects that define their individual identities. If you are human, you fundamentally move like all other humans do, just like a tiger fundamentally moves like all other tigers.
So, if tigers should move like tigers, can we simply say that we should "move like humans"? That would work only if humans had not imagined close to limitless ways to move beyond Natural Movement that are not universally shared. People skateboarding, breakdancing, dancing the tango, or performing pantomime all move like humans, but those movements are significantly different from each other. All creative, folkloric, choreographic, traditional movement styles are human as well, but they're not universal to all people.
People's movement and physical habits and abilities are influenced by their culture, origin, religion, social status, gender, or age to some extent. For instance, in some cultures, everyone dances spontaneously and freely, whereas in other cultures people tend to be shy and stiff, and dancing patterns can differ significantly depending on local folklore and customs. However, whenever people do move naturally, such as walking or jumping when navigating through a natural environment, the fundamental patterns they use are biomechanically similar regardless of identity. Moving naturally is truly universal. It is a birthright that belongs to all of us — whoever we are and wherever we come from.
If you were to visit the most remote village of the world and ask the people living there if they know what running, crawling, balancing, jumping, and so on are, everyone would nod affirmatively while wondering how you could ask such a ridiculous question. Conversely, if you were to ask them about body-building, tai chi, yoga, or even waltzing, it is likely that they would have no idea what you are talking about. They could not join you in these activities without first seeing some demonstrations and having some lessons because the movement besthealthcareinfo something entirely new to them. Why is that? Because those disciplines, which are influenced by culture or individual creativity, are extremely recent with regard to evolution, they're not instinctual to all humans; consequently, they aren't universal.
But again, you can go anywhere in the world and see people move naturally, or ask them if they could jump, climb, carry, throw, or defend themselves, and they will know what to do immediately. They might be in poor physical shape, they might be clumsy or frail, and they might possess limited proficiency, but — barring any severe physical disability — they will still possess basic ability in all these movement aptitudes. No explanation, no initiation, no instruction is needed. Everyone knows and can perform these fundamental human movements. Our evolution didn't reserve specific natural movements for elite athletes and some others for everyday people. All natural movements are for everyone regardless of individual level of performance.
Cultural, social, religious, and traditional conventions can seem like boundaries that differentiate us, and we have to look past the many differences to finally be able to see what is universal to all. For instance, dance seems to be quite an evolutionary drive and behavior common to all cultures, but contrary to Natural Movement abilities, it is not universally expressed in the same way. Styles of dance vary enormously from one culture to another (or even from one individual to another). The same goes for body language and hand gestures, which are common to all humans but heavily influenced by cultural background.
Yet, if you were to visit playgrounds and villages around the world and observe children at play, you would see the same thing — children at play through Natural Movement. All children, given the freedom to do so, move, play, and laugh — these are universal languages. Our Natural Movement commonalities connect us and can bring us together. The universality of Natural Movement is responsible for a lot of its beauty. Natural Movement is the physical behavior all modern humans should culturally embrace, with "human" being the only "kind" and identity that matters.
Instead of getting confused by the plethora of fitness programs available, open yourself to the "new" experience, which is our original, universal human movement mode.
You are born to move naturally. A vast number of natural movements are available to us! How many do you know? How many do you practice and master? Make authentic, Natural Movement your primary feel-good reflex.
Move because you want to, move whenever you can, and move as long as you possibly can…before you can't. Ancient moves never get old because they are timeless. The most ancient form of physical training becomes revolutionary. Your body is the technology you need to connect to, and Natural Movement is the universal workout the world has forgotten.


The Los Angeles Lakers' 2018-19 season has ended with the team finishing 37-45, missing the playoffs, and winning only two more games than they did last year despite LeBron James' arrival as the team's potential savior. This underwhelming performance, as well as the drama that preceded it, led to a lot of finger-pointing behind the scenes, and shortly before the Lakers' final game of the season, team president Magic Johnson made the surprise announcement that he was stepping down from his post.
As reported on Tuesday by The Inquisitr, Johnson commented at the "impromptu" press conference where he announced his resignation that he loves Lakers team owner Jeanie Buss "like a sister." Despite that, the two team executives didn't exactly have a smooth relationship, and while many have theorized that the issues between Johnson and Buss might have started when James suffered a groin injury on Christmas Day, NBC Sports Bay Area wrote that the friction may have started around the time of the 2017 NBA Draft.
According to NBC Sports Bay Area, ESPN's Stephen A. Smith first reported in February that Buss and Johnson didn't agree on whom to pick with the second overall selection in the 2017 draft, with the former preferring that the Lakers choose UCLA star freshman Lonzo Ball, and the latter preferring another highly-touted freshman point guard, Kentucky's De'Aaron Fox. This was corroborated on Tuesday by The Athletic's Bill Oram, who wrote that Buss' insistence that Johnson draft Ball turned into a "tension point" between the executives.
So far, it appears that Fox, who was picked No. 5 overall in 2017, has had the better NBA career thus far. Playing for a Sacramento Kings team that came close to ending a long playoff drought this season, Fox had a breakout sophomore campaign and averaged 17.3 points, 3.8 rebounds, 7.3 assists, and 1.7 steals in 80 games, per Basketball-Reference. Meanwhile, Ball has shown flashes of brilliance while healthy, especially as a defender and floor leader, but has dealt with injuries and shooting struggles in his two NBA seasons since entering the league.
With Magic Johnson having wrapped up his tumultuous tenure as the Lakers' president, there has been some speculation on the direction the organization could take going forward. According to a report from The Inquisitr, Fox Sports 1's Colin Cowherd recently speculated that the Lakers could either "turn the team over to LeBron," hire a coach and general manager he could work with, and chase New Orleans Pelicans big man Anthony Davis and a superstar free agent in the summer, or trade James to another team and "build a new culture" around younger players.


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La reggenza di Sintang (in indonesiano: Kabupaten Sintang) è una reggenza dell'Indonesia, situata nella provincia di Kalimantan Occidentale.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Sintang

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Living Faith: Westra's 'All shall be well' a lasting gift to all
"All shall be well." These were the last words my friend Vicky Westra typed into her blog, The Westra World, before her death on Oct. 13.
At her funeral, her cousin Rob reminded us how intentionally Vicky had always chosen her words. Undoubtedly, this was her parting, and lasting, gift to us all.
And while I'm counting on these words being true, right now, I'm struggling. Vicky had asked Bridget Cullen and me to read Scripture at her funeral.
"Who could say No to Vicky?" Bridget remarked. Vicky had drawn many to her, and we felt honored to be chosen to share God's life-giving words and some reflections.
The day of the service, I worked hard to stay composed. But grief doesn't ask permission to show up, and by evening, the familiar thump to body and soul hit hard. More than mere fatigue, I realized, it was loss.
Curling up into bed early, I fell into a long, restless night trying to confront that this beautiful friend with the gentle voice and accommodating presence is no longer physically here.
Fellow bloggers just a river apart, Vicky and I met online in 2010, not long before her terminal diagnosis. Soon thereafter, while planning a visit to the Carmel of Mary Monastery in Wahpeton to tend to a writing project, I had a thought. Could the peace I'd found at the monastery bring Vicky restoration? The sisters kindly agreed to an extra guest.
That visit turned into the first of many gatherings for the two of us. Over the next seven years, Vicky became my Carmel Companion.
At the convent, we happily captured God's beauty of earth and sky through our camera lenses; giggled gratefully over the mystery of sharing space with a cloistered community; and delightedly inhaled the sacred sights, smells and sounds together.
The sisters came to love Vicky as much as I did. And though I initially instigated these rendezvous, Vicky eventually tapped me about going. It had become a need, a way to calm her soul in the difficult journey.
I miss her so much and know this longing will only grow in the coming months. But I'm gratified, too, for the very gift of knowing her, and the lessons she taught me, and so many, about living fully even in dying.
Having become conformed to Christ through her suffering and will, Vicky is now stepping into the bliss that awaits those who love him. Watching her forge this path with such grace has brought comfort, for as she said in an article I wrote in 2011, "If I can, you can."
Dear Vicky, please pray for us from your new home, and if you would, fluff the pillows for the slumber party to come. I trust our adventures have not ended, but only just begun.
"All shall be well, and all shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well." – Saint Juliana of Norwich
To share in Roxane's and Vicky's adventures at the monastery, visit Roxane's blog at http://roxanesalonen.com/2018/10/me-and-my-carmel-companion/.
[For the sake of having a repository for my newspaper columns and articles, I reprint them here, with permission, a week after their run date. The preceding ran in The Forum newspaper on Nov. 3, 2018.]
Filed Under: Celebrations, Forum Columns, Grief, Outings, Seasons, Second-chance Sundays Tagged With: cancer, Carmel of Mary Monastery, Carmelite monastery, friendship, Vicky Westra, Wahpeton, Westra World Leave a Comment
Faith Conversations: The Calling: Path to being 'Christ's bride' included military stint
Mother Madonna, prioress of Carmel of Mary Monastery, Wahpeton, N.D. Photo credit: Vicky Westra
Editor's Note: This story is the first installment in a two-part glimpse inside the otherwise hidden life of the cloistered Carmelite monastery near Wahpeton, N.D. Today's story introduces the monastery's prioress, Mother Madonna. The second part, appearing Aug. 1, will explore the life of the monastery more broadly.
WAHPETON, N.D. — When Mother Madonna greets visitors at the Carmel of Mary Monastery, the room's brightness surges.
"I've always described her as the sister with the big smile," says Karen Weber, who, along with her husband, Hank, has been helping the sisters for nearly 18 years as caretakers. "She communicates directly, looks you right in the eye, and with that smile, says what she needs to share, and always with charity and clarity."
It comes from an inner joy, Karen says, of living out her calling.
"The calling," as it is known in religious life, is the summoning of a soul by the Lord, drawing one into a life of serving in an extraordinary way.
For Mother Madonna, the call came early.
"I fell in love with Jesus in the first grade, and by second grade, I knew I wanted to be his bride," says the prioress, known then by her given name, Patricia Ann Morales.
Nearly immediately, the worldly obstacles came forth.
She recalls, at around age 8, leaving the confessional, where a priest had just told her after she broached the topic that he believed she was meant for religious life. "I was so excited, I got on my bike and rode home to tell my family," she says.
But when she entered the house and announced her plans to someday marry Jesus, silence followed.
"My siblings walked away and my parents said, 'We need to talk,' " she says. They discouraged her and told her to never talk about it again. "My heart was crushed."
As a teenager, she tried wearing makeup and dating, but became disillusioned when her young suitors didn't seem interested in what she enjoyed, like going to Mass. "They just didn't hit the mark," she says.
By her senior year in high school, her heart remained fixed on Jesus alone. Forlorn, her parents encouraged her to look into college.
Driving around one day, she stumbled upon a recruiting office for the military, and soon became interested in the Air Force, mainly because she could keep her hair long, she says.
The recruiter was ready to sign her up, but advised her to inform her parents first, even though, at 18, she wasn't legally required to do so. So she bought a bundle of roses for her mother and went home to announce her plans.
At the news, her father threatened to disown her, she says. Nevertheless, a few months later she entered the U.S. Air Force. "Dad took my picture out of his wallet and didn't talk to me for a long time, but eventually he came around," she says. He even later suggested that she sign up for another tour.
The military had offered her many opportunities, including overseas service, and she received many accolades. But it wasn't enough to change her glance toward God.
After learning about a small Carmelite monastery near a city called Wahpeton, she told her parents she was going to become a cloistered nun in rural North Dakota. Though their jaws dropped once again, this time, they could do nothing to thwart her plans.
"That love for our Lord had been growing since I was very young and I knew if I wanted to serve him totally I couldn't do it as a teacher, as a nurse or even in a parish," she explains. "In order to give myself fully, the cloister would be the only place I could do that."
So in August 1988, at age 23, she left her home in San Antonio, Texas, to visit a small monastery here, and at the sight of it, she says, knew immediately she'd "come home."
She entered on May 16, 1989, with never a glance back.
Sister Margaret Mary, prioress at the time, remembers the phone call at 6:15 a.m. that summer, and the eager, young voice announcing her interest in the monastery.
"We arranged for her to come for a visit, but we always tell (prospective nuns) to go home and think about it," she explains. "If she has a sense of peace thinking about being a Carmelite, that's the sign."
When Patricia arrived a few months later, Sister Margaret Mary says, the "postulant," as they are known initially, fit right in and immediately stepped up to the plate. "She's done all kinds of things in the community. She was a sacristan, seamstress, cook, in charge of the canning, so is very well-rounded."
This past November, when elections for a new prioress rolled around, Sister Madonna rose to the top of the list of eight sisters currently there, and was chosen to lead them into the next three years, the length of a term of the office.
"She's a very organized person. She thinks ahead and plans things through, then gets them done," Sister Margaret Mary says, adding with a smile, "The grass doesn't grow under her feet."
Upon becoming prioress, a "sister" becomes "mother," and assumes communication with the outside world — generally, the sisters don't talk except during a brief period of recreation time in the evening — and addresses any needs that arise in the community.
The Rev. Peter Anderl, who pastors two nearby parishes, hears the sisters' confessions on a regular basis and offers spiritual direction to those who request it. "Humbly," he says, "I probably know the sisters more than anyone else on earth, inside and out."
Upon becoming prioress, a "sister" becomes "mother," and assumes communication with the outside world. Mother Madonna was elected to a three-year term in November Photo by Roxane B. Salonen / Special to The Forum
"Mother Madonna is joy incarnate," he adds. "She's very bubbly, always smiling, always joyful, always wanting to help and it's very inspiring to see that. And that is a direct fruit of knowing Christ, of tasting Christ and living in his love."
But what about those on the outside who also love her? Like her family, who can only visit her once a year, if that, and even then, in limited fashion, conversing with her from the visitor's side of the enclosure in the "speak room?"
"They've come around, but it's hardest for my mom," says Mother Madonna. Her father has since passed away. "My siblings, now they've gone through marriages, raising children, and they're like, 'Oh, you've got the better life. You don't have all the stress marks we have on our faces, all the gray hairs.' They're seeing it differently now."
Though it is a life of sacrifice — the sisters in the cloister take vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, along with the practice of silence — the rewards are eternal, according to Mother, including getting to better know her spouse, the only one who can love in completeness.
"The day I see (Jesus), I'm just going to melt. I just want to fall into his arms," she says. "I'm just waiting for that day, that moment … and I know it's going to far surpass anything two humans can have together, because it's going to be within."
[For the sake of having a repository for my newspaper columns and articles, I reprint them here, with permission, a week after their run date. The above piece ran in The Forum newspaper on July 25, 2015.]
Filed Under: Faith, Forum Columns Tagged With: Carmel of Mary, Carmelite, Monastery, N.D., Wahpeton 4 Comments


text:
Mount Fairweather map
Mount Fairweather
Mountains higher than 14 000 ft / 4 267 m with at least 300 ft / 91 m of topographic prominence.
Mount Fairweather model
Proportional Prominence: 4 466 m
171.9 km NNE
60.376944 N -136.596389 W
Mount Logan - 245.6 km WNW
El: 5 959 m / Prom: 5 254 m
200.4 km WNW
Mount Vancouver - 200.4 km WNW
58.90605 N -137.526596 W
Stikine Region
Unorganized Borough
Saint Elias Mountains
Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park
Mount Fairweather (officially gazetted as Fairweather Mountain in Canada but referred to as Mount Fairweather), is one of the world's highest coastal mountains at 4,671 metres (15,325 feet.) It is located 20 km (12 mi) east of the Pacific Ocean on the border of Alaska, United States and western British Columbia, Canada. Most of the mountain lies within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in the City and Borough of Yakutat, Alaska (USA), though the summit borders Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park, British Columbia (Canada), making it the highest point in that province. It is also designated as Boundary Peak 164 or as US/Canada Boundary Point #164. The mountain was named on May 3, 1778 by Captain James Cook, apparently for the unusually good weather encountered at the time. The name has been translated into many languages. It was called "Mt. Beautemps" by La Perouse (1786, atlas), "Mte. Buen-tiempo" by Galiano (1802, map 3), "Gor[a]-Khoroshy-pogody" on Russian Hydrographic Dept. Chart 1378 in 1847, and "G[ora] Fayerveder" by Captain Tebenkov (1852, map 7), Imperial Russian Navy. It was called "Schönwetterberg" by Constantin Grewingk in 1850 and "Schönwetter Berg" by Justus Perthes in 1882. Fairweather was first climbed in 1931 by Allen Carpé and Terris Moore.
Check out 3D model of Mount Fairweather. This is a preview. High-resolution model can be found in the PeakVisor mobile app.
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Светла́на Анато́льевна Ельчани́нова (20 августа 1974, Баку, СССР — 20 июня 2021, Москва, Россия) — российский кинорежиссёр, сценарист, продюсер кино-, социальных и музыкальных проектов. Создатель и руководитель АНО «Клуб имени Джерри Рубина», создатель экспериментальных фильмов, проекта «Реанимация», сериалов детских мультфильмов, руководитель мастерской режиссуры анимационного кино в Сергиево-Посадском филиале ВГИК им. С.А. Герасимова, доцент.

Ранние годы
Родилась 20 августа 1974 года в Баку. Отец — Ельчанинов Анатолий Иванович (род. 1944), советский и российский картограф. Один из авторов концепции и программы и член редакционного совета Национального атласа России, специалист по культурному и природному наследию. Мать — Ельчанинова Анна Игоревна, врач.

В 1982—1991 годах училась в московской средней школе № 4 с углублённым изучением английского языка. В 9 классе включилась в изучение с американскими школьниками вопроса создания и работы совместных советско-американских предприятий.

Собрав нужный материал в Москве, была направлена Академией наук СССР в США для завершения работы. В 1990 году в США вышла научная работа «Создание совместных советско-американских предприятий» с историей вопроса с 1917 года и литературным обзором. Автором с советской стороны была Светлана Ельчанинова.

В 1991—1996 годах училась на факультете бухгалтерского учёта и аудита Московского финансового института. Одновременно в 1995—1996 училась в Анимационном лицее № 333 (Аргус) по специальности художник-мультипликатор.

В те же годы работала в компании «Катюша-фильм», концертным администратором в ТОО «Солар», заместителем директора МКЦ «Парк» Районного молодёжного фонда", затем специалистом по социально-воспитательной и досуговой работе в Управе района «Гагаринский».

Клуб им. Джерри Рубина
Будучи 11-классницей, в 1991 году Светлана заявила родителям: «Учитывая, что государственная молодёжная политика прекратила своё существование, теперь этим буду заниматься я», и начала собирать подростков с активным протестным поведением, потерявших в то время социальную ориентацию и связи с семьями, и организовывать с ними музыкальные коллективы и мероприятия.

В 1992 году совместно с друзьями создала Автономное некоммерческое объединение «Клуб имени Джерри Рубина», московский андеграундный некоммерческий клуб, действующий до нынешнего времени как свободная творческая площадка, в которой реализуются интересные культурные и социальные проекты. Клуб имени Джерри Рубина был основан как объединение людей, желающих культурно организовать свой досуг. Деятельность клуба строится на принципах инициативы, самоорганизации и взаимной ответственности.

В клубе им. Джерри Рубина прошла первая в стране выставка неформальных прикидов, регулярно проводятся концерты и выставки, мастер-классы, а также экспериментальные открытые джем-сейшены, кинопремьеры и кинопоказы, встречи с режиссёрами, неформальные спектакли, перформансы и балы, инсталляции, литературные чтения и лекции на актуальные социальные темы, вегетарианские акции и ярмарки.

В клубе постоянно действуют студии по интересам (ИЗО-студия, киноклуб, школа акройоги, вегетарианский клуб, танцевальные и театральные студии, музыкальные группы, пластический театр, исторические танцы, эсперанто, дармаркеты и фримаркеты). В клубе им. Джерри Рубина регулярно проводились Космофесты, кинопоказы, выставки и лекции о космосе. В 2011 году в честь 50-летия полёта первого человека в космос был проведён велопробег, ставший ежегодным мероприятием и влившийся в народный фестиваль «Пора в космос».

В Клубе работала мультстудия для детей из малообеспеченных семей, которую Светлана и возглавляла, школа манекенщиц, проходили художественные выставки и литературные вечера, новогодние анархоёлки. Среди проведённых в клубе акций — показ мод «Антибуржуин» с моделями одежды, сделанными из полиэтиленовых пакетов и другого мусора, спектакли народного анархического театра.

Клуб имени Джерри Рубина стал первой площадкой более чем 100 молодых групп. В своё время в клубе выступали такие звезды андеграунда, как: «Дайте танк!», «Птица Тылобурдо», «Нагуаль», «JMKE»(Эстония), «Не ждали», «Distemper», «Наив», «Пакава Ить», «Рада и Терновник», «Калинов Мост», «Тараканы!», «Пурген», «Химера», «Комитет Охраны Тепла», О.Арефьева, Р.Неумоев, А.Лаэртский, Ник Рок-н-ролл, В.Весёлкин, С.Рыженко, Герман Виноградов, ЗАИБИ, «Дочь Монро и Кеннеди», «Чудо-Юдо», «ПТВП», «Соломенные еноты», Умка и многие другие.

Клуб всегда поддерживал движение «ЗАИБИ» (За анонимное и бесплатное искусство) и был в оппозиции обществу потребления.

Свои первые фильмы доверяли экрану клуба им. Джерри Рубина режиссёры: Илья Хотиненко, Пётр Буслов, Мария Саакян, Ленка Кабанкова, Андрей Некрасов, Сергей Лобан и Герман Виноградов. В киноклубе с 1998 года было проведено более 2000 кинопоказов и творческих встреч.

Общественная деятельность
С 1994 г. работала в правозащитной организации «Новый Дом», осуществляла сотрудничество с Комитетом по защите гражданских прав и помощи заключённым и освобождённым и фондом Р. М. Горбачёвой.

С середины 90-х гг. ведущая авторской программы о молодёжных проблемах на радиостанции «Ракурс», сотрудничала на эти же темы с телепрограммой «До 16-ти и старше», принимала участие в радиопередачах «Монморанси» на музыкальные темы.

В 2006—2010 гг. работала и.о. научного сотрудника Отделения анализа и внедрения профилактических и реабилитационных программ ФГУ Национального научного Центра наркологии Росздрава.

Анимационное искусство
В 1998 году поступила во Всероссийский государственный институт кинематографии имени С. А. Герасимова (ВГИК) в мастерскую режиссуры анимационного фильма и компьютерной графики С. Соколова, Л. Носырева, который окончила в 2004 г. Дипломный фильм «СамарКант» отмечен призами на различных кинофестивалях.

В 2000 году Светлана была приглашена в жюри Международного фестиваля киношкол в г. Болонья (Италия). Курсовые работы — участники и призёры многочисленных отечественных и зарубежных кинофестивалей.

В процессе обучения и после окончания мастерской ВГИКа сняла фильмы: «Работа — не волк» (2000), «История одного дельца» (2001), «Скороговорка» (2003), «Финал» (2008) и др. В 2006—2016 годах — сценарист, режиссёр ФСКП «Губерния». В 2013 году организовала с коллегами производственную студию ООО «Колесо обозрения».

В творчестве Светланы Ельчаниновой проявился особенный экспериментальный стиль, парадоксально сочетающий реальную и анимационную съёмку, стремление сделать убедительными необычные средства выразительности.

Фильм «Работа — не волк» сразу стал заметным явлением в кино, получил на XXI Международном студенческом фестивале ВГИК приз студенческого жюри «За дерзость художественного решения», на XI Фестивале Дебютов «Святая Анна» — Серебряный приз. Затем приз Фестиваля Европейских киношкол в Болонье (Италия), Приз на Международном фестивале в Штутгарте (Германия), Приз на Фестивале «Окно в Европу» (Выборг) и другие награды.

Светлана Ельчанинова всегда была полна идей и активно воплощала их в жизнь. По инициативе и по сценариям Светланы был создан большой цикл (более 80-ти) социальных анимационных фильмов «Реанимация». После успешного «взрослого» сериала, направленного против наркотиков, пьянства и других пороков, Светлана Ельчанинова с удовольствием переключилась на детские высокохудожественные мультфильмы — циклы «Зверюшки-Добрюшки», «Решето-Сити» и ещё многие другие проекты.

Была организатором и участником разных экспериментальных художественных и музыкальных проектов, провела несколько персональных выставок, публиковала сценарии, рассказы и статьи в периодической печати, автор сборников антинаркотических комиксов. В начале июня 2021 года стала инициатором и организатором Первого кинофестиваля космической анимации.

Член Союза кинематографистов РФ, Московского Объединения литераторов. Трижды Президентский стипендиат в области литературы (2006—2008 г.) в номинации «Молодые авторы». В 2012 году Государственный стипендиат Союза кинематографистов в области анимации.

До момента смерти руководитель мастерской режиссуры анимации и компьютерной графики Сергиево-Посадского филиала ВГИК с 2017 г.

В июне 2021 года Светлана Ельчанинова была госпитализирована с симптомами коронавирусной инфекции. Скончалась в Москве 20 июня 2021 года на 46-м году жизни. Похоронена на Волковском кладбище (участок № 33н).

Семья
Муж — Савченко Иван Александрович, выпускник ВГИКа, кинооператор, сценарист, актёр. Дочь — Ельчанинова Алиса Ивановна, 2006 г. рожд., учится в музыкальном колледже им. С. С. Прокофьева, сын — Савченко Ярослав Иванович, 2009 г. рожд., школьник.

Фильмография
Авторские работы в анимационном кино:2000 — «История одного дельца»

2001 — «Работа — не волк»

2003 — «Скороговорка»

2004 — «СамарКант»

2005 — «Анекдоты»

2006 — «Реанимация»

2010 — «Зверюшки-добрюшки»

2010 — «Lollipop»

2012 — «Решето-сити»

2015 — «Оно»ООО «Колесо обозрения»:2013 — режиссер, редактор «Русский язык, да!» — интерактивный учебник по русскому языку с элементами анимации для иностранных учащихся — по заказу РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы

2013 — разработка и производство пилотных серий анимационного проекта «Летающие смельчаки» (2 серии по 6 минут) по заказу ООО «СТА»

2013 — продюсер документальных фильмов «Тандем», «Это мой Дед Мороз», «Две войны», отмеченных на различных кинофестивалях призами

2015 — анимационные интерактивные комиксы для проекта «Респект» — режиссер (6 историй по 5 минут) — по заказу Гёте-института

2015 — режиссер 4-х клипов для Оркестра Петра Налича

2016 — анимационный фильм «Правасправа» для цикла «Хумра» — режиссер (3 минуты) по заказу Гёте-института

2017 — х/ф «Молодой» (52 мин, 2 серии), супервайзер спецэффектов и компьютерной графики, художник-компоузер — по заказу «Синтез-фильм» совместно с Кинокомпанией «КИТ» для НТВУчастие в фестивалях фильмов студии ООО «Колесо обозрения»:док.фильм «Это мой Дед Мороз» (43 мин), режиссер И.Савченко

 Лучший документальный фильм для детей на IV МКФ «Limon Films» (Казань)
 Участник ХХ Всероссийского фестиваля визуальных искусств в Орленке и др.

док.фильм «Две войны» — (48 мин), режиссер И.Савченко

 Диплом II степени Международного кинофестиваля «Победили вместе»
 Диплом жюри X МКФ военных фильмов им. Ю.Озерова
 Финалист номинации док.фильм Кинофестиваля «Защитники Отечества» (Казань)
 Участник кинофестивалей: МКФ «Ноль плюс» (Тюмень), «Волоколамский рубеж» (Волоколамск), «Вечный огонь» (Волгоград)

док.фильм «Тандем» (35 мин), режиссер И.Савченко

 Приз "Лучший фильм программы «Панорама.doc» МКФ «Саратовские страдания»

док.фильм «Колобок судьбы Михаила Пузырева» (50 мин.), реж. Л.Темнова, по заказу студии ООО «Сказочная дорога»

 Участник МКФ «Северный характер» (Мурманск), Кинофестиваля «Литература и кино» и др.

док.фильм «Человек — паровоз и колокол», режиссер И.Савченко

 Диплом МКФ «Детектив-фильм»ООО «Задорное кино»:х/ф «Однажды в Америке» (сценарий М.Задорнов, реж. Д.Панченко), супервайзер спецэффектов и компьютерной графики — ООО «Задорное кино» при поддержке Министерства Культуры РФ и НТВ — в производстве

Награды и премии
За фильм «История одного дельца»:

 Фестиваль анимационного кино в Суздале

За фильм «Работа — не волк»:

 XXI Международный фестиваль ВГИКа — Приз студенческого жюри за дерзость художественного решения
 XI Фестиваль студенческих и дебютных фильмов Св. Анна — Второй приз
 Фестиваль европейских киношкол (Болонья, Италия) — Приз за лучшую программу киношколы
 Международный фестиваль анимации (Штутгарт, Германия)
 XXIV Московский международный кинофестиваль
 Фестиваль «Окно в Европу» (Выборг)
 Фестиваль «Новое кино России» (Самара)
 Фестиваль «Пустые холмы» (Таруса)

За фильм «СамарКант», комбиниров. анимац. и игров., 24 мин, 35 мм, ВГИК:

 Фестиваль студенческих и дебютных фильмов «Св. Анна» (2005) — Второй приз
 XXIV Международный Фестиваль ВГИКа — Приз дискуссионного клуба
 II Международный кинофестиваль «Дидоре-Душанбе» (Таджикистан) (2006) — Приз кинокритиков "за оригинальное решение темы «Восток-Запад»
 Международный кинофестиваль студенческих фильмов в Болонье (Италия) — Приз за лучшую программу киношколы
 II Казахстанский кинофестиваль «Звезды Шакена» (Алматы)
 Всероссийское объединение кинолюбителей — Диплом «За лучший фильм»
 Международный фестиваль экспериментального кино и электронной музыки «Астигматик» (Польша)
 II Российский конкурс патриотического кино среди молодых кинематографистов «…Звезда… Звезда…» (2004) — Диплом (Москва)
 Международный фестиваль студенческих фильмов ФАМУФЕСТ (Прага)
 VII Международный фестиваль независимого кино «ДЕБОШИР фильм» (С.-Петербург)

За фильм «Скороговорка»:

 XXIII Международный фестиваль ВГИКа
 Фестиваль детских фильмов «Орлёнок»
 IX-ый фестиваль детской анимации «Золотая рыбка» — Приз детского жюри «За лучший дебют»

За фильм «Зверюшки-добрюшки» (25 серий по 2,5 мин), режиссёр, сценарист, ФСКП «Губерния»:

 Главный приз за анимацию XVII Международного телевизионного фестиваля экологических фильмов «Спасти и сохранить» 2012 г. — Диплом победителя
 Участвовал в кинофестивалях: БФМ, ММКФ, Открытый российский фестиваль анимационного кино в Суздале, Листопадник, Я и семья и др.
 Демонстрировался на ТВ-канале «Карусель», ТВ Швеции, Германии и Аргентины и др.

За альманах «Реанимация» (62 серии по 3-7 минут), режиссёр, сценарист, художественный руководитель, ФСКП «Губерния»:

 МКФ «Детектив-фест», 2010 г. Главный приз в номинации «Мир без наркотиков»
 Приз за лучший звук на ФААФ в 2014 г. (при поддержке канала 2х2)
 Участвовал в отечественных кинофестивалях: БФМ, Открытый российский фестиваль анимационного кино в Суздале, Листопадник, Я и семья, Артдокфест, Молодость (Киев), Детектив-фест и др.
 Некоторые серии имеют призы более 50 зарубежных кинофестивалей

За фильм «Весна будет всегда» (2020):

 Финалист XVI Всероссийского фестиваля духовности и культуры «Бородинская осень» (2021)

Примечания

Ссылки
 Светлана Ельчанинова о Джерри Рубине (видео) — https://yandex.ru/video/preview/718873750100765658
 Аннотация киностудии Клуба им. Джерри Рубина — https://rgdoc.ru/industry/companies/13238-klub-im-dzherri-rubina/
 Сайт проекта «Реанимация» — http://www.re-animation.ru/main.php?id=2
 «Без мультиков никуда!» Интервью Светланы Ельчаниновой телеканалу МИР24 08.04.2016 — https://mir24.tv/news/14201394/bez-multikov-nikuda
 «Мультклассика: как советские мультики покорили мир». Интервью Светланы Ельчаниновой телеканалу МИР24 10.06.2016 — https://mir24.tv/index.php/news/14553258/multklassika-kak-sovetskie-multiki-pokorili-mir
 Кампания по сбору средств для Клуба им. Джерри Рубина — https://planeta.ru/campaigns/8858
 Фримаркет в Клубе им. Джерри Рубина. Архив мерпориятия — https://www.asi.org.ru/event/2020/07/02/frimarket-veshhi-obmen-dzherri-rubin-klub/
 Радиостанция 'РаКурс' (1994—1998 г.г.): история создания, концепция вещания, программная политика — http://www.rakurs.ru/press/pressr83.htm
 Фильм «Весна будет всегда» — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAhMWtiiYwo
 Короткометражный фильм «Работа — не волк» — https://yandex.ru/video/preview/17318848013131435456
 Не стало Светланы Ельчаниновой. 23.06.2021 г. — https://an-babushkin.livejournal.com/1294836.html
 Ксения Ануфриева. Умерла Светлана Ельчанинова, режиссёр-мультипликатор. 21 июня 2021 г. — https://www.kp.ru/online/news/4336662/
 Ельчанинова Светлана Анатольевна, режиссёр-мультипликатор, художница, сценаристка, основательница московского клуба имени Джерри Рубина. — https://necrology.com/elchaninova-svetlana-anatolyevna/
 Безвременно ушла из жизни Светлана Ельчанинова. 22.06.2021. — https://vgik.info/today/creativelife/detail.php?ID=10425
 Скончалась основательница московского клуба имени Джерри Рубина Светлана Ельчанинова 21 июня 2021 — https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/06/21/skonchalas-osnovatelnitsa-moskovskogo-kluba-imeni-dzherri-rubina-svetlana-elchaninova

Кинорежиссёры России


text:
Request to recognize National Day of Prayer highlights schism among Roosevelt Park City Council
Updated: Jan. 20, 2019, 2:56 a.m. | Published: Apr. 22, 2015, 9:19 p.m.
By Michelle D. Anderson | manders6@mlive.com
National Day of Prayer in Muskegon
Matt Garrett, center, prays for the city workers and leaders with participants of the Prayer Walk of the Muskegon Day of Prayer event on Thursday, May 3, 2012 on Peck St. Chronicle photo by Hye Soo Nah
(Hye Soo Nah | MLive File Photo)
ROOSEVELT PARK, MI - A schism among the Roosevelt Park City Council recently led to a heated discussion about whether the municipality should support the National Day of Prayer and the National Day of Reason.
In the end, council members chose to acknowledge one observance and reject the other.
Council members on Monday, April 20 voted 3-2 with councilmen Jeff Franklin and Andy O'Riley absent to recognize the National Day of Prayer on May 7.
Mayor Allan Lowe, Councilman T.C. Hasper and Councilwoman Melissa "Missi" Klos supported the resolution. Mayor pro tem Amber Cahill and Councilman Eric Grimm voted against the measure.
The day invites "people of all faiths to pray" and to "mobilize prayer in America and to encourage personal repentance and righteousness in the culture," according to the National Day of Prayer website. The site also contends that the day exists to "mobilize the Christian community to intercede for America's leaders and its families."
The federal government created the observance in 1952 through a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress. Thirty-six years later, former President Ronald Reagan amended the law to make the observance the first Thursday of May.
At Grimm's request, the council also considered a resolution to recognize the National Day of Reason, held the same day as the National Day of Prayer.
The annual observation, first proclaimed in 2003, was created to increase public knowledge about "the persistent threat to religious liberty posed by government intrusion into the private sphere of worship," according to the official website, which is co-sponsored by the American Humanist Association and Washington Area Secular Humanists.
National Day of Reason supporters contend the National Day of Prayer perpetuates the idea of a Christian nation; violates the First Amendment; privileges a minority sect of Christians over others, such as Catholics, Baptists and Seventh-day Adventists, and is superfluous because freedom of expression and worship already exist without government endorsement.
Before voting, Grimm attempted to have the council approve both observances in one resolution instead of two, but was unsuccessful. He then criticized Klos for not withdrawing her motion to support the National Day of Prayer.
Cahill, Hasper and Lowe voted against acknowledging the Day of Reason, while Klos and Grimm voted in the minority.
Lowe said he would have been more open to recognizing the alternative observance if Grimm had provided a hard copy of the proclamation in advance. He said he received a request to support the National Day of Prayer on Friday-- the same day City Manager Anthony Chandler finalized the meeting agenda and council packet.
Chandler said it was Lowe's decision to add a resolution of support for the National Day of Prayer to the agenda.
During the council's work session on Monday, Grimm opposed Lowe's idea, saying that the government should stay out of religious affairs.
Grimm said Roosevelt Park has not recognized The National Day of Prayer or the National Day of Reason since his time on council and that it should remain that way. Meeting minutes from 2012-2014 indicate that the council did not recognize either observance during the three-year period.
Grimm argued that a volunteer form on the National Day of Prayer website required interested parties to sign a "Statement of Faith" about the Bible that excluded adherents of many Christian denominations, particularly Catholics.
"Most Christians do not believe in Biblical inerrancy," Grimm said, referring to a doctrine that the religious text is without error or fault in its teaching. "It's a tiny minority of a minority that's running the National Day of Prayer organizing."
After realizing the National Day of Prayer measure would still be added to the meeting agenda, Grimm suggested the council also support The National Day of Reason and sent resolution language to Chandler via email.
In Muskegon County, the National Day of Prayer begins with a breakfast at Maranatha Bible and Missionary Conference's Family Life Center and continues with prayer rallies in downtown Muskegon and Muskegon Heights and a student gathering.
This year, Pray Muskegon, a group chaired by Pastor Tim Cross of Living Word Church, will co-sponsor an "Evening Prayer Cry" at the Orchard View High School auditorium.
In neighboring municipalities, policies about recognizing the National Day of Prayer vary.
City of Muskegon City Manager Frank Peterson said Tuesday that his municipality had not been asked to support the National Day of Prayer.
"We did do similar proclamations in 2008 and 2009, but that looks like the last time," Peterson said in an email. "Also, typically when a resolution/proclamation is requested, it goes straight to the mayor to sign, and doesn't necessarily show up on the commission agenda.
Norton Shores City Administrator Mark Meyers said the city council members there will consider a resolution to support the observance Monday, May 4.
Monday's meeting was not the first time Roosevelt Park council members discussed religious matters.
In December, Grimm suggested the council change its Invocation/Moment of Silence policy in effort to make their gatherings more inclusive.
Roosevelt Park council members have not modified their invocation policy since Grimm presented his proposal, but many council members, who take turns leading invocations or moment of silence periods, have leaned toward less polarizing acts.
Klos, for example, recently read a popular quotation by Mahatma Gandhi about truth and love always prevailing.


text:
Tech-Talk
Shootout – Opel ADAM S vs Abarth 595C Turismo
Jul 19, 2016 Jul 18, 2016 by Torquing Cars
When last I sampled the Opel ADAM S, it was on the confines of a race track on launch – a controlled environment chosen by the manufacturer in which to extol the virtues of their latest hot supermini. But out in the real world, and against real competition, things could possibly feel very different to those few hours at the track. So I gave Fiat South Africa a call and asked if they could spare me an Abarth 595 Turismo over the same dates as the Opel ADAM S to put each through their paces against one another… they obliged.
While my time with the Opel has only been brief since its launch, I've flirted with Abarth-badged Fiat 500's on numerous occasions. Hard tops, convertibles, the uber-hot 695 Tributo Ferrari, and last year, the Essesse kitted version have all spent their time with me – I'm fairly au fait with them. But that was always in isolation – and until earlier this year the Abarth-tuned 500s had no direct competition.
Leading up to the final duel between them, our final shoot at Red Star Raceway in Delmas, Mpumalanga, one thing was clear. Never have two machines, so similar in size and segment, gone about their duties in such a different manner.
Looking in, the Abarth 595C's sport seats look fancy, but once inside, you feel perched atop the 595C rather than sitting in it. There's limited height adjustment which doesn't help much, and the steering wheel is only height adjustable. In the Opel however, two-piece cloth and leather Recaro buckets are low slung in front of a height and reach adjustable wheel. The Recaro's offer oodles of lateral support as opposed to the Abarth units that are too soft and too high to cosset you through corner.
Once seated, in addition to being lower, the Opel boasts better visibility. The Abarth's dash and instrument cowl are abnormally tall and obscure forward visibility, whilst the chunky B- and large C-pillars create large blind spots to the side and rear of the car. The Opel isn't perfect in this regard either, though, as the C-pillar's odd shape also creates blind zones – but it's better than the Abarth. Despite nigh on identical length and height, the Abarth feels as if it were squashed front and rear with the only way for its innards to go being up.
That aside, the Abarth's cabin feels dated. With the latest tweaks, it's received a new digital instrument cluster with an assortment of new features, but the horrible dot matrix media and Blue & Me connectivity suite falls far behind the intuitive IntelliLink setup in the Opel ADAM S. Where the Abarth only offers Bluetooth telephony – after a complicated setup process – the Opel's suite of telephony, media, and mobile app compatibility puts it streaks ahead.
That's just the pearl at the centre of a shiny and new interior design that feels as good as it looks, whereas the Abarth battles with scratchy plastics and uninspiring displays and switch gear. However, whilst the Opel's interior is far newer, the Abarth has quirks that are quite appealing, like the boost gauge pod mounted atop the dash.
When it comes to outright performance between the two, the figures would suggest the Abarth has an outright advantage. Both hatches boast 1.4-litre turbocharged 4 cylinder motors, driving the front wheels through manual gearboxes – 5- and 6-speed respectively for the Abarth and Opel. But the Abarth boasts more power – 118kW – than the ADAM S' 110kW, and more torque, offering 230Nm on overboost to the Opel's 220Nm on tap at any time between 3000- and 4000rpm. The 595C is also lighter. Even in convertible guise, it's 103kg lighter than the portly ADAM's 1178kg mass.
The Abarth is claimed as being quicker to the 100km/h mark as such – 7.4s to the Opel's 8.5s claim – but in the real world it couldn't perform a proper launch without limiting the revs and bogging down immediately on launch. Pitted against one another in a good old fashion straight line drag, neither vehicle offers anything more than the other, both accelerating at the same pace from standstill past the 140km/h mark, and both topping out at 210km/h.
However the manner in which power is delivered couldn't be more different between the pair. The Abarth is decidedly 'old school'. Beneath the 3000rpm mark there's little to no power, but as the turbo spools there's a punch in the kidneys as the engine comes on boost, and even then, there's turbo-lag aplenty. The Opel is the complete opposite – smooth and eager from the word go with a steady surge rather than an individual power peak.
But put these super-tykes through a series of corners after one another – or say a 4km long race track in Mpumalanga – and their mettle is tested.
On the tight technical motorcycle circuit that Red Star was built as, these featherweights should be at home. Head down the pit straight and through the first left-right-left combination of turns though and the Abarth immediately feels out of place.
It's the gears that don't feel right. Not the shift-quality – that's brilliant. The Abarth's short-throw high-mounted shifter bangs between the gears with an incredibly positive action, where the Opel has a brief moment of apprehension before entering the gate of the next ratio. Still the best Opel shift in more than a decade – but beaten still by the Abarth's infallible action. Yet the Opel has a better pedal placement (no doubt thanks to the wider pedal box), allowing for easier heel 'n toe action despite the hesitant shifts.
But against the Abarth, its gearing and torque peak at 3000rpm make it hard to select the right gear – you're either below the boost threshold or out of puff near the redline. The Opel's broad torque spread and even gearing makes the best use of the torque on offer – even in the wrong gear you're not entirely out of your depth. On the road where you have more time to prep rather than linking from one to the next in rapid succession, the gearing is OK in the Abarth, the difference negligible, but out here it suffers.
The Opel is able to exit corners with far more clout and without fumbling for gears – and notably at a higher speed too. With cars this light you expect high cornering speeds and grip for days, but the Opel excels beyond expectation.
There's something about the Abarth 595C's suspension that just doesn't measure up. Never mind it being under-tyred – the 205/45 profile Pirellis break traction far easier than the Opel's relatively fat 225/35 section rubber – the jittery ride quality does the super-Fiat no favours. Even equipped as standard with Koni dampers from the Essesse kit, the front wheels are oversprung and underdamped and tend to scrabble across even the tiniest of bumps. The Opel – no such fuss; and very little body roll as it merely leans on the outer front tyre and carries grip and pace for what seems an eternity.
On the road, where the patchwork of multicoloured tarmac is far from as smooth as RSR's surface, the Abarth falls farther behind its Opel counterpart. Bumps and jitters crash through the cabin, and next-to-no noise insulation makes it a noisy affair. The Opel ADAM S is by no means perfect – those large wheels, wide rubber, and limited wheel travel mean it too is crashy, although far more composed with better damping and vastly superior sound deadening (it would account for some of the extra heft). But the Opel can't avoid tram-lining, the fatter tyres following road camber and requiring constant corrections via the steering.
In terms of the steering, both feature electronically assisted power systems. Opel's system is, as is becoming the norm with EPAS, devoid of feel. But what it is, is direct, and after a few corners of learning how it weights up, consistent. The Abarth, not to be outdone, offers plenty of directness, with a touch more eagerness off centre. But it's falsely weighty and feels more rubbery and aggressive in its attempts to self-centre, unnaturally so. Out on normal roads, and crucially in parking lots, both cars suffer rather dismal turning circles, it must be said.
Where these systems are more or less on par though, the Opel's is better suited for day to day running about, what with its lighter weighting; and on track it pairs up better with the low slung seating position and superb lateral support from the Recaros to offer a more confidence-inspiring drive than the Abarth – whose high perch amplifies the feeling of speed, without the corresponding speedometer readout.
The Opel ADAM S' alacrity goes farther still. Its chassis feels more predictable than the Abarth's. Despite a wheelbase within 11mm of the Opel's, the 595C Turismo is snappy and unpredictable. Understeer snaps into lift off oversteer with all the viciousness of a hungry Chihuahua, where the Opel will drop its tail out on lift off before self-correcting and ploughing on to the next corner with deft composure.
Under braking too, the Opel is more composed. It sheds speed quicker too thanks to the Corsa OPC-sourced brakes, and feels less squirrely under hard stopping. The Abarth, though, tends to feel unstable under heavy loads on the front axle, and the brake pedal doesn't quite offer the same feel as the Opel. The brakes on the Abarth 595C Turismo also fade quicker, feeling stodgy to the prod.
But if there's one aspect in which the Abarth has the Opel ADAM S completely licked, it has to be drama! The Abarth is a noisy thing – with pops and whip-cracks on upshifts, and a loud, hollow burble to the exhaust note. This is with the standard exhaust too, mind you – there's a batshit insane Record Monza 4-pipe setup we sampled on the Essesse last year available as an option. The ADAM S? It growls with all the ferocity of a delighted kitten by comparison – pleasant, but not at all intimidating.
It's not just the noise though. It's the way you wait for boost in the Abarth, the way it then kicks you in the backside and scrabbles for grip, lighting up the inner front tyre – it just made me smile more out in the real world where their pace was much of a muchness. Forget the scratchy interior and disappointing straight line, and even cornering performance and it's the one that makes you grin with delight from the moment you turn the key. The Abarth 595C Turismo is theatrical; frantic; chaos in a nutshell.
But for outright performance? No, for outright performance the theatre is pointless. Around that particular 4km stretch of turns, the Abarth just couldn't compete. The ADAM S pulled a clean 5 seconds on the Abarth – even though it felt slower – and after driving the two back to back, the Opel is clearly the better performance supermini by some margin.
The Opel ADAM S is more precise, more composed; and despite the lack of theatre, it's clinical in its dismantling of any stretch of twisting road or race track.
But not only is it the better performer, it's better at being a car. The day to day comfort and noise insulation is far better than that of the Abarth, as is the perceived interior quality. It's far more spacious for the front two occupants, though rear space is miniscule in both. Throw in the – all standard – IntelliLink infotainment suite, Opel's APA2 (Advanced Park Assist 2) with its front and rear PDC and ability to park itself, and the rear PDC of the Abarth seems a half-baked attempt at adding features.
They'll both achieve as low as 5.7l/100km at a push, and 6.5l/100km on average, but the Opel's 6th gear makes highway driving more comfortable, as does the cruise control and speed limiter – not available on the 595C Turismo. Furthermore, the Opel offers blind spot assist, auto headlights, auto wipers, and an auto-dimming rear view mirror. In fact the only feature the Abarth 595C Turismo boasts over the Opel ADAM S is a driver knee airbag, and a sliding soft top roof.
But to rub salt in the wounds further, the Opel ADAM S is the cheaper vehicle too. The 595C Turismo, with its sliding soft top, at a price of R406 990 is a full R76 990 more than the Opel's R330 000 asking price. Even the hard-topped Abarth 595 Turismo is more expensive at R355 990 – making the Opel ADAM S incredible value for money under these circumstances.
To draw a final conclusion – the Opel ADAM S is the one I'd rather own and drive as both a daily driver and a track toy… but the Abarth 595C Turismo still made me smile more. At the end of the day that's gotta be worth something, right?
Words: Roger Biermann
Photos: Roarke Bouffe, Vaughn Humphrey, Lance Humphrey
Shootout: Suzuki Swift Sport vs Opel Corsa GSi
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Road review: Subaru XV 2.0i-S Lineartronic CVT
Road Review: Alfa Romeo Giulietta 1.4T Distinctive
Road Review: Subaru Forester 2.0X
First Drive: Opel Corsa Nurburgring Edition
Gugu Zulu – SA Racing Icon – Dies Climbing Kilamanjaro
Review – Jaguar XE 20d R-Sport
Suzuki Vitara 1.4 Turbo Review: Bringing The Fizz
BMW M235i xDrive Gran Coupe Review: A BMW Only In Name
Torquing Cars
© Torquing Cars 2012-2021
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text:
Q: How does error handling work when you use Invoke-Command over several computers? How does error handling work when I use Invoke-Command over many computers?  For example, what if a computer name is misspelled or the user doesn't exist on a specific computer?
Invoke-Command -ComputerName Computer1,Computer2,Computer3  -ScriptBlock {
    Get-LocalUser -Name User1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}

A: You can use the -ErrorVariable common parameter for this:
Invoke-Command -ComputerName Computer1, Computer2, doesNotexist -ScriptBlock {
    Get-LocalUser -Name User1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
} -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable errors

# error details here
$errors | Select-Object TargetObject, ErrorDetails

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Easy to install (DIY), installation service available.
Easy to adjust, height adjustable beams to suit requirements.
Economical – low capital cost, increase warehouse/workshop storage capacity & efficiency.
Provides fast and direct access to every level in the rack over 4 levels.


text:
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Propane Autogas
Auto Rental News
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Heavy Duty Trucking
Luxury Coach & Transportation
Vehicle Remarketing
House Rep. Shuster Declares Fuel-Tax Hike DOA
March 19, 2015 • by David Cullen
Rep. Bill Shuster (R-PA)
Photo: House T&I Committee
Speaking to reporters yesterday, House Transportation and Infrastructure Chairman Bill Shuster (R-PA) argued that both Congress and President Obama lack the political will to increase federal fuel taxes to pay for funding the next highway bill.
At a Capitol Hill briefing with reporters, the influential congressman said that "pretty much everybody in this town has come to the conclusion that repatriation is where the dollars are," per a news report posted by The Hill, adding that there's "no willing in this Congress or in the administration to do anything with adjusting user fees or taxes."
On the other hand, according to The Hill report, Shuster remarked that other funding mechanisms are less weighted down with political baggage. In particular, he pointed to repatriation— the policy buzzword for taxing overseas corporate revenue. Shuster noted that one form or another of repatriation has already been floated by both parties.
"The president wants to do tax reform," Shuster reportedly said. "The House wants to do tax reform. The Senate wants to tax reform… Folks who've been around here a long time know anything on taxes takes a long time."
That being said, Shuster admitted that with clock running down on the May 31st deadline for reauthorization of surface transportation, yet another short-term patch for highway funding may have to be hammered out. He noted that it likely would be after the Congressional recess for the Easter holiday before that decision will be made.
Earlier this week, the House T&I Chairman did not mention that possibility during his opening remarks at the committee's second hearing on reauthorizing surface-transportation legislation.
Shuster essentially stated that the House, Senate and the Obama administration were on the same page as they were all "talking about the need for a long-term surface transportation bill." He also said he that felt confident we will get there and make the investment needed."
By contrast, at the same hearing Ranking Member Peter DeFazio (D-OR) argued for swiftly passing a short-term patch that would ensure funds keep flowing to highway and bridge projects through this year.
"We need some sort of commitment from the federal government in the next week or two or three or we will see a dramatic drop-off in construction activity this summer," DeFazio implored. "I feel a tremendous sense of urgency" about passing a short-term bill."
Related: House Highway Committee Hears from Beyond the Beltway
Originally posted on Automotive Fleet
Read more about Fuel Tax Highway Funding Highway Trust Fund
Goldman Sachs Joins EV100
Ryder Offers EV Charging to Customers
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No arrests after 2,000 teens fight at Louisville mall
Bailey Loosemore
The (Louisville, Ky.) Courier-Journal
LOUISVILLE — Police say a parental escort policy — similar to those found at other malls nationwide— could prevent future situations similar to a Saturday night disturbance at the Mall St. Matthews that required assistance from four police departments and forced the shopping center to close early.
That night, up to 2,000 people — mostly unsupervised juveniles between middle school and high school age — disrupted the post-holiday shopping weekend by causing fights and exhibiting unruly behavior throughout the mall, said Officer Dennis McDonald, a spokesman with the St. Matthews Police Department.
The department received an initial call for service to the mall around 7 p.m., followed quickly by dozens of others as disorderly conduct by small groups of youths increased in the level of violence and gained participation, McDonald said.
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"Once this starts happening, kind of a mob mentality takes over and it starts feeding on itself," McDonald said Sunday. "That's clearly what happened last night. We're still looking into whether or not some of this was pre-planned, whether there was a gang element involved."
McDonald said that while police will continue investigating the situation, the best way to prevent future disturbances is to create a policy at the mall that requires juveniles under a certain age to be accompanied by a parent.
"We're kind of at the mercy of mall policies," McDonald said. "... By and large, there's not a lot that law enforcement can do to curb these kind of problems. It's better addressed by the mall itself, by mall management, having policies in place that can address it."
A spokesperson for the mall said Sunday that the business is not yet ready to comment, but McDonald said the police department plans to meet with members of the site's management next week to discuss mall safety.
Police are still unsure what started Saturday night's disturbance, which was unusual in its breadth, McDonald said. As opposed to being limited to a natural gathering place, such as a food court, like fights typically are, the incidents Saturday took place throughout the mall.
Initial calls came from people reporting that teens were harassing customers and loitering in stores after being asked to leave, McDonald said. But as police began to arrive at the mall, the calls increased in concern, with groups breaking out into fistfights and people reporting shots fired both inside and outside the complex. The gunshot reports appear unfounded.
McDonald said six St. Matthews police officers stationed at the mall for holiday detail were the first to respond to the calls, but as more reports came in, the department requested backup. Officers from the Louisville Metro Police Department, Jeffersontown Police Department and Jefferson County Sheriff's Office responded to assist.
"There were far more calls for service than they had the ability to respond to," McDonald said, adding that several customers called the department Sunday to report they had been shoved or knocked down. "Things began to escalate."
By 8 p.m., mall management decided to close the facility, which prompted the fights to spill into the mall's parking lot, onto adjacent streets and into neighboring businesses, including several restaurants across Shelbyville Road.
Jayshawn Howard, 15, who works at the McDonald's across the street, said he had stopped by the mall after work to shop for new clothes, but he left before any fights broke out and only saw what happened on videos sent to him by friends.
Howard said he sometimes walks around the mall with his cousin while they wait to catch a Transit Authority of River City (TARC) bus, but he doesn't usually use the mall as a place to hang out.
"I don't really get into that stuff; I try to stay out of trouble," he said. "... Me and my cousin were joking, we ain't got no money to just go in there."
McDonald said many of the people responsible for the disturbance were juveniles who had either been dropped off at the mall or had arrived by public transportation. In an effort to resolve the situation, he said officers focused on dispersing crowds and getting people home safely instead of arresting individuals.
Following the incidents, McDonald said some juveniles were picked up by parents at the mall or on nearby streets. Others were taken home on TARC buses that had come to assist police in dispersing the crowd.
TARC spokeswoman Kay Stewart said buses made five trips carrying a total of 300 to 350 youths from the mall along Route 19, which travels from the Oxmoor Center west along Muhammad Ali Boulevard and down Cane Run Road.
"You have to give our officers some credit," McDonald said. "They were being cussed at, stuff was thrown at them. ... It could have been much, much worse. We're very fortunate we didn't have a police officer injured, fortunate there weren't more innocent people hurt."
Saturday wasn't the first time unsupervised teens have caused problems at St. Matthews businesses, McDonald said. But he added that the latest incident is the most striking example of what can happen when private properties do not enforce policies meant to limit unruly behavior.
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Over the past few years, McDonald said he has seen an increase in teens loitering in area businesses, sometimes with $10 or less in their pockets.
"Once they get there, they're being disrespectful, harassing paying customers, using profanity," he said. "It just goes on and on and on. Then, when (law enforcement) encounters some of these juveniles, they're very antagonistic. It's almost like they want the confrontation."
McDonald said officers can charge people who have been asked to leave with trespassing, but businesses like the mall also need to set policies that allow law enforcement to make those arrests.
A TIME magazine article from 2013 states that the trend for banning unaccompanied teens from malls during certain hours began around the mid-2000s, and after a half-dozen years, malls with the policies were reporting strong sales growths.
At the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minn., management has established a rule that requires youth under the age of 16 to be accompanied by an adult 21 years or older from 4 p.m. until close on Friday and Saturday nights, according to its website. The policy is extended during the holiday season to include additional times and days.
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A review of multiple malls owned by General Growth Properties, which owns both the Mall St. Matthews and the Oxmoor Center, shows that several properties have established similar temporary or permanent policies, including the Saint Louis Galleria. However, neither Louisville location has such a rule listed on its websites.
A spokesperson for the Mall St. Matthews would not comment on the site's policies.
"I know it would cost money because you have to stage a security person at entrances to stop people and identify them," McDonald said. "But that is something that is being practiced at other malls here in the United States, and it seems to work."
Contributing: WHAS-TV, Louisville. Follow Bailey Loosemore on Twitter: @bloosemore