During 50's and 60's there was no significant price/wage spirals unlike the monetarist fairytale suggests.
Click the image to use the tool.
From the graph one can see that it was commodity prices (oil) that drove up the inflation, with the help of fiat dollar.
I would conclude that the system targeting full employment was greatly superior to inflation targeting. Though there is nothing perfect in the real world and there is always something to improve. But raise of monetarism was actually worse for everyone.
But something fundamental changed 1973, the wages stopped follow the productivity. One can describe that year as the starting point of the class war.
And the result was obvious.
Indeed, the graphs do show that you cannot explain inflation by focusing on the strength of unions. So, it seems that he ignored some important factors when he was trying to explain the economic situation in the 70s and the rise of inflation. By the way, do you have any good links related to these inflationary factors (oil, fiat money)? Obviously the graphs you posted do not provide any information about the main drives of inflation in the 1970's. I have read at some point about the significance of the oil prices and fiat, but it has been some time ago.
Another point about his presentation has to do with his radical solutions to address the current economic and technological challenges. I certainly love that he dares to question the fundamentals. On the other hand, I think that such radical solutions must be accompanied by some type of collaboration with other developed economies. Imagine for example that a US government decides to change fundamental practices which have real redistributing effects at the expense of the wealthy. If the US is part of an integrated world (and he does not make a claim for isolationism), and if other developed countries continue to offer the "conventional" economic practices (which benefit the wealthy), the result would be a massive exodus of capital from the US and the collapse of the US economy.
I'll see if I can steel my courage enough in the coming days, weeks, months to actually read what you two are in here circle-herking about.
The assumed relation with inflation and unemployment seemed to follow the theory in 60's (and in the 50's) quite nicely.
But the relation was apparently broken during the 70's.
Everything seems to go by the book until 1973, the year of the first oil crisis; the first time the "abnormal" behaviour, inflation and unemployment growing in the same time. Then few years of turbulence to the year 1977. But then second shock happened 1979, the year of the second oil crisis.
To me it seems that the stagflation was because of the two external shocks, not that the theory was inherently wrong. Though the theory did not handle external shocks much, so some correction is needed. Compare this with the often abused second law of thermodynamics that applies only in isolated systems. But physics a science, economics not.
Too bad the a good theory was replaced by a trivially faulty theory: monetarism. "Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon in the sense that it is and can be produced only by a more rapid increase in the quantity of money than in output." - Milton Friedman.
Nixon abandoning the gold standard 1971 apparently did not start inflation and as Blyth has noticed trillions after trillions has been created after 2008, no proportional increase of output and no sign of inflation at all.
Now I notice that there must be a little monetarist in me when I was thinking that printing more dollars must cause inflation.
I have few more points left, but it is too late this night to ruminate any further.
Another point about his presentation has to do with his radical solutions to address the current economic and technological challenges.


Is morality an emergent behavior?
I have been thinking about the question of what exactly is it that develops in moral development, and as a result I want to put forth some inconclusive thoughts. Cognitive structuralism's approach to this question suggests that the answer is reason, that as people's reasoning abilities develop, so do their morals. Piaget, for instance, mapped his stages of mental growth to heteronomous and autonomous stages in the development of moral reasoning. Kohlberg, following on Piaget's footsteps, outlined six stages of moral reasoning from early childhood to adult life (heteronomous morality; individualistic/instrumental morality; impersonally normative morality; social system morality; human rights/social welfare morality; and morality of universalizable, reversible, and prescriptive general principles). The idea in both cases in that as people's mental abilities develop, they are able to implement more complex and less self-centered models of morality.
This might make instinctive sense. After all, one could argue, aren't adults better equipped to distinguish moral nuances than children? But careful consideration reveals some problems with this perspective. For example, does cognitive structuralism's approach to moral development imply that organisms with higher reasoning skills are more capable of moral behavior than organisms with lower reasoning skills? Or to put it in more crass terms: Are smarter people more moral than their counterparts? Do humans behave more morally than jellyfish?
Gilligan (1977), among others, has presented a critique of this approach by contrasting Kohlberg's idea of the moral subject as an individual who can think formally and act autonomously with a model of the moral subject as someone who thinks contextually and acts socially. Similarly, Hoffman (2002) tries to elucidate the difference between these two perspectives by contrasting morality as justice versus morality as caring. And Dreyfus (1990) argues that intellectualism is of little use to an ethical expert who responds "instinctively and appropriately to each ethical situation" (p. 11; more on this to follow).
In this paper, however, I want to present a different type of critique to the cognitive structuralist view of moral development by making two claims: 1) that Reason (as defined from a Western, Humanist perspective) actually impedes moral development, and 2) that this is so because morality is actually an emergent behavior-in other words, a behavior exhibited by organisms acting according to very simple rules requiring little reasoning, but behavior that results in a complex system, a system which is, in fact, the basis for the order of the Universe, and which is replicated even by organisms without brains… How's that for outlandish claims?!
Usually, Piaget's statement is taken as a strong argument for the case that, as his next line suggests, "pure reason [is] the arbitrer both of theoretical reflection and daily practice" (quoted in Dreyfus, 1990). But I would like to take the liberty of using Piaget's words against his own position by interpreting his statement to mean, simply, that moral reciprocity ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you") makes logical sense-it's just how the Universe works. According to this interpretation of Piaget, logic is moral in that there are right and wrong answers (2+2=4, not 3 or 5). Likewise, moral action is logical in that moral reciprocity makes as much sense as 2+2=4, and moral irreciprocity makes as much sense as 2+2=5. But this has more to do with the way the Universe works than with the particular characteristics of 'pure reason.' The fact that moral reciprocity does not require pure reason has been exemplified, among other instances, by the Prisoners' Dilemma competitions. In this tournament, simple software routines that learn to cooperate with each other do better than those that focus on competing with each other (for a recount of these tournaments, see for example Grossman, 2004). This kind of behavior is referred to as emergence.
But before I discuss how the logic of moral reciprocity is evident in the emergent behavior of organisms in the Universe, I would like to discuss what happens when this order is disrupted by Individualistic Reasoning. My thesis is that the Universe would work much better without this brand of 'logic' and that Individualistic Reasoning is in fact a deviation from the type of logic that actually promotes moral behavior.
If a scapegoat must be named, his name is René Descartes. The problem is that Descartes convinced himself that all we have access to in the world is our own private experience. Descartes, following on the footsteps of the Skeptics but armed with the new language of modern science, questioned the reality of perception. He did this on the grounds that our sensory organs, such as eyes, ears, skin, etc., are very imperfect transmitters of information to the brain, which is the only organ capable of interpreting and acting on that information. For example, it is the brain that activates signals of pain received by a particular part of the body, or creates an itch where an amputated limb used to be. It is also the brain that makes things seem real during dreaming, when in reality they don't exist. So our access to reality is indirect, mediated by the imperfect senses and actualized only by the brain. This line of thinking lead Descartes to believe that the only thing we could be certain of was therefore the content of our brains, and everything in the outside world was consequently less real, or not real at all.
This Skeptical view was eventually contested (after three centuries!) by various schools, including the Pragmatics and the Existential Phenomenologists, who argued that there was no point in even asking how we perceive the 'external' world because we are embedded right into it, inseparable from it. As Heidegger argued, there is no such thing as a subject who is not being-in-the-world. "Taking the skeptic seriously and attempting to prove that there is an external world presupposes a separation of the mind from the world of things and other people that defies a phenomenological description of how human beings make sense of everyday things and of themselves" (Dreyfus, 2000, p. 53).
Individual Reasoning subverts morality by disassociating the acts of the individual from the emergent acts of the ecosystem, of the we. Humanism, in its rush to liberate humankind from "illogical" (read: religiously imposed) morals, made it practically impossible to act in accordance with the logic of the Universe, a logic that Humanist Science itself claims to try to understand! In order to substantiate this claim before I am labeled an obscurantist, I need to finally turn to my statement that morality is an emergent phenomenon. What is emergence?
Johnson indicates that "[e]mergent behaviors… are all about living within the boundaries defined by rules, but also using that space to create something greater than the sum of its parts" (2002, p. 181).
How does morality fit into this model? Well, the simple rule is moral reciprocity. The "stupid" agents are all living things (regardless of their level of reasoning). The complex emergent behavior, the sum greater than the parts, is Universal Order. One of the things that makes emergent systems durable and easy to propagate is that they are adaptive. Moral reciprocity is universal because there is no "executive branch" that needs to tell everything in the Universe how to behave; rather, the 'DNA' of the behavior is widely spread, and organisms-from simple jellyfish to complex humans-can adapt the rules and work out contextually what the logical/morally-right thing to do is.
This constitutes, in effect, a reversal of the "Western and male belief in the maturity and superiority of critical detachment" (p. 23). Instead of the ideal of a detached, uninvolved brain making sense of suspect sensory signals, "[t]he highest form of ethical comportment is seen to consist in being able to stay involved [in the world] and to refine one's intuitions" (p. 23). I interpret this to mean that, unlike jellyfish, we constantly create and encounter new moral dilemmas, and thus have to "reason" our way back to emergent moral reciprocity-to the logic of the Universe-not by applying abstract principles, but by contextualizing our intuitions. Only in situations that are completely alien to us, argues Dreyfus, do we fall back on abstract moral rules, but "it should be no surprise if falling back on them produces inferior responses. The resulting decisions are necessarily crude since they have not been refined by the experience of the results of a variety of intuitive responses to emotion-laden situations and the learning that comes from subsequent satisfaction and regret" (p. 13).
In short, when individuals apply Individualistic Reasoning to define morals (in an attempt to become the "executive branch" of morality), they stop being part of the emergent system, of the universal order. Individualistic Reasoning presupposes that morality is a function of the rational elite, those organisms with advanced reasoning skills (who for some strange reason are mostly white adult males). Emergent moral reasoning, on the other hand, presupposes that moral reciprocity is a function of the Universe. Everything and everyone acts morally in the sense that their interactions are part of the logic of the Universe, the logic of moral reciprocity. Moral reciprocity just makes logical sense, like 2+2=4; it just happens. It is encoded into everything in the Universe.
Individualistic Reasoning, which assumes that higher reasoning results in higher morality, disrupts this balance by trying to make the system top-down, not bottom-up. In other words, Humanism has placed rational humans as the source of morality. Morality is what highly rational humans say it is, not what the rest of the Universe is telling us it is. Thus, Individual Reasoning-even if it spouses the highest ideals-ends up disturbing the logic of moral action by limiting the domain and practice of morality to the actions of "mature" rational beings.
Some might wonder: if moral reciprocity was really the order of the Universe, how come there is evil in the world? How come killer whales kill senselessly, cats torture mice, and humans commit the most atrocious acts against each other-all of which make it hard to believe that moral reciprocity rules the Universe? The answer to this question is that immorality, in the form of moral irreciprocity, is also part of the emergent system. In fact, it actually serves a very important pedagogical function. It ensures that moral reciprocity spreads virally, in the sense that by suffering or observing moral irreciprocity, everything in the Universe learns-using the most basic reasoning skills, if not mere instincts-that moral reciprocity is the only strategy that guarantees survival. Even the Prisoners' Dilemma software can figure that out quickly. If we didn't have deviations (in the form of moral irreciprocity), we would not be aware that moral reciprocity makes logical sense. The exception proves the rule.
Gilligan, C. (1977). In a different voice: Women's conceptions of self and of morality. Harvard Educational Review, 47, 481-517.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged emergence, morality, philosophy on January 5, 2005 by ulises.
Wow. This is an impressive article. It took me a quite a while to digest it, and I'm still not entirely sure I got the point.
I would love to catch you in person to talk about this, because I think you are using subtly different definitions than I have of many of the words that are critical to your argument – like, for example, "emergent" :).
At any rate, one of the fundamental properties of emergent systems is that they are complex overall tendencies which emerge from locally defineable behaviors. In other words, if morality is an emergent behavior, then it must be true that a moral actor has no global knowledge or understanding of the system (the universe) as a whole, or even of morality as itself a concept. If one of the premises you cite is true – that moral reciprocity is in fact the only large-scale viable survival strategy (which I heartily agree with) – then actors locally *should* be concerned only with themselves, in particular, with self-preservation, because by following some simple rules to preserve themselves they will become moral if they select the best available strategy at random (and if they do not, they will die and be replaced with those who do).
I believe this is true, but with an ironic twist. A postmodern critic would observe that by stating things in this manner, e.g. that "actors *should* do X" to promote moral reciprocity, you are identifying yourself as an observer that recognizes moral reciprocity to have some intrinsic value. Does it, then, in fact have intrinsic value to other actors in the system? Would they sacrifice self-preservation as a primary value for it? If so… it must not be (locally, at least) the best possible self-preservation system.
Of course, maybe it is not an emergent behavior among humans, but among memes: moral reciprocity has memetic properties which make it extremely good for the survival of *populations*, if not necessarily of individuals in all situations. The continued existence of such populations ensures the viral spread of the reciprocity meme, which conditions individuals within it to accept moral reciprocity as the *only* value which trumps self-preservation (as the self-preservation meme is intuitive, "built in", and makes for a good initial vector to propagate the meme).
In any event, none of these scenarios where moral reciprocity is emergent require moral actors to use intuition, as long as they are evolutionarily selecting for good survival strategies (and memes are evolutionarily selecting for survival strategies of their own).
The other thing is that the moral actors in the system have to have enough memory to be able to identify what actions to take to lead towards moral reciprocity, and enough cognitive power to project scenarios based on the current situation. This is also a good argument for more complex organisms being more morally evolved. Far from being disruptive to this process, the ability to apply abstract moral reasoning would be extremely important, because it would allow the actors to place decisions into new and alien contexts more quickly than simple trial-and error. Abstract reasoning is also a positive survival trait.
The inability of abstract moral reasoning to select a good decision in many cases is due to the fact that the genetic algorithm that selects the optimal moral code is still running, and we probably still have a lot of evolution to go (both humans and memes) before it's done. The fact that intuition succeeds where abstract reasoning appears to fail is that it is far easier to formulate a solution to a situation you've seen before by copying, regardless of whether you reason about it abstractly or emotionally. Abstract reasoning is most required in situations where the actor lacks information and experience, and is therefore predetermined to be more difficult than one where they had a concrete example to reason about and compare to.
Thank you for your comments, Glyph. Below, I have tried to address various parts of your critique.
Although I do not claim to be an expert on emergence, I know enough to realize that I am definitely pushing the concept in directions which it was not meant to be taken. I guess from your perspective I am trying to have my cake and eat it too by arguing that moral behavior arises from simpler behavior, AND that this in fact constitutes "a fundamental "pull" towards moral behavior because the universe is ordered in such a way as to promote it directly," as you paraphrase. Yes, I am arguing that morality is a set of simple behaviors performed by agents at a micro level (with no necessary knowledge of the macro), but I am also saying that this behavior amounts to a universal (macro) order.
However, despite some inconsistencies in my rhetoric, I am not arguing that "actors should do X." In fact, I am trying to make the case that agents can't help themselves but to act morally, that morality is a natural trend in the universe, and that it is only when certain ideas about abstract rationality are introduced that the balance is upset.
Yes, I'm identifying myself as an observer that recognizes moral reciprocity to have intrinsic value, and expect that it has intrinsic value for other (human and non-human) beings as well. However, I'm afraid I don't understand your point about intrinsic value and the failure to be the best possible self-preservation system. You lost me there.
Finally, while I agree that complex organisms that feature more advanced memory and cognitive systems are capable of more sophisticated moral behavior, I would still like to question what you mean by saying that these organism are more 'morally evolved.' You seem to be arguing that memory and cognition are continually and linearly 'evolving' in humans (and memes, although I don't know enough about meme theory to follow this line in your argument), and that this linear evolution produces better abstract reasoning, and hence more morally advanced beings. This is indeed the opposite of what I am suggesting. I am arguing that while some beings are capable of more morally sophisticated reasoning (i.e., they are able to cast their emphatic nets more widely, to encompass beings outside their own group), moral reciprocity is a 'low common denominator' that is replicated by all living organisms, without regard to their capacity for abstract reasoning. Perhaps I need to develop this part of the argument further in the future.
As far as the role of experience vs. abstract reasoning in determining moral behavior, I would suggest that you read the Dreyfus article I cite. He seems to be arguing that abstract reasoning is not necessarily the best way to go.
You've given me a lot to think about, and I hope we can continue this dialogue (and perhaps get others involved in it!).
The author's point is that the design of the universe is not very intelligent (intelligence equated in his mind with efficiency, and that from an anthrocentric perspective as well). I wonder what the theory of emergence has to say about outcomes or designs being the most efficient as opposed to the simplest or easiest to disseminate, which is not always the same thing. If anybody knows, let me know.
Ever since I was first inroduced to the idea of emergent properties I have been wondering if there is a way to make a sound argument for morality as an emergent property of society. I would even say a necessary emergent property of society. I have always had difficulty with the notion of a single human in isolation developing morality. It is only through our interaction with other's that morality is born. The morality of a given society is an emergent property. I think that there are some necessary morals that emerge in this way. For example, "thou shall not kill" In all socities, a form of this rule has emerged. It can take on different forms in the exceptions and boundaries of the rule but it is a necessary rule for a society to function.
Did you do this paper for a class at Cornell? What teacher was it? Are you aware of any other papers or publications that cover the idea of morality as an emergent property? I studied philosophy at Cornell.
I am also interested in the notion of emergent properties as a solution to the mind-body problem.
I have to say I find it amazing that you just posted the article as this idea has been pushing its way out of my mind lately.
I am not aware of any other books or papers on morality and emergence. The idea of morality as a social phenomena, however, is quite old. So it was only a matter of time before people applied the concept of emergence to moral development as a way to expand on the social perspective. I am a big believer in the collective unconscious (enhanced by the internet), so I don't find it that amazing that you also had the same idea 😉 I think it's great!
This was not a class at Cornell, but at Columbia. Specifically at Teachers College. We did not really talk about emergence during class, but for this paper I decided to go out on a limb. If you are interested in the field, Gibbs and Hoffman are a good place to start (see citations in my paper).
I'd be interested to hear what other research you uncover, and if you ever write something on the topic yourself.
Excellent article and discussion. I was eating a burrito today and suddenly the idea of emergent morality occured to me as a way to explain the moral fabric of a large group, say the population of the United States. I was delighted to see people thinking about the idea.
Emergence theory does an excellent job of explaining morality on a system wide level. Consider that emergence demands individuals to share information. The changes in the individual belief or behavior that results from the sharing then impacts the system wide belief or fabric. The overall moral system of a society is comprised of the individual moral systems of individual people.
I don't think you need to worry that emergence occurs from the interaction of simple rules to form complex behavior. It could very easily result from complex rules generating even more complex behavior. Essentially, the whole process of human innovation is emergent.
Emergence could also help explain society wide behavior with regard to morals. Take for example, the seeming geographical bifurcation of "moral" systems within the United States. If we all act individually, forming our own system of morals, these local morals would be most effected by other local morals we come in contact with (i.e our neighbors). This would create a feedback loop that would reinforce local morals, while making it hard to understand foreign morals and even system wide morals. Still, the overall system of morals results from the collection of individual systems.
This accounts for outliers, who might impact morals, pushing them one way or the other by screaming louder. Still the overall system would even out and could eventually respond to campaigns by individuals or groups.
Eventually, the system will even out the population shifts around and new information is exchanged.
I know that I am stretching this argument a bit and turning a philisophical arguement into a sociological and political one.
I think emergence would make it harder to talk about 'local' and 'foreign' morals, don't you think? If anything, it would be an argument for universal moral values. But you raise a good question: how would we explain minor differences in morality across societies? Are they cultural? How do moral values develop and adapt through emergent processes? Looks like that is the question on your mind. I've written a couple of papers (see 'best of ideant' section) on how the internet, for example, could be said to facilitate the equilibrium or standardization of morals by putting people from different backgrounds together. On the other hand, it could be said that the internet allows for the creation of small moral communities, which would then be open to the processes you describe.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Make a list of root with os.walk I am trying to setup a specific folder/file structure, which I will then copy into my test setup. I want a list of unique folders, that I can then create.
How to I get root into a list?
If I do the following:
for root, dirs, filenames in os.walk(path):
    print root

I get:
/Users/Me/Folder
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But as I want use it in a for-loop it gets messed up.
for root, dirs, filenames in os.walk(path):
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A: To get an variable you are iterating over into a list simply append it to a list:
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for path in list:
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if you want an additional print statement to see which folders you created use:
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A: Finally I found the answer:
for root, dirs, filenames in os.walk(src_path):
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am reporting here about a publication that essentially says "inflammation extinguished by omega-3". Since the mid 1990's medical researchers have known that heart attacks, strokes, cancer, arthritis, diabetes and many other illnesses are either associated by chronic inflammation or even caused by it. On the other hand it has been known that omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil have anti-inflammatory action.
In this context a significant study has come out in February of 2014 where a metaanalysis of 68 randomized trials was done examining the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on 4601 participants. Three groups were the subjects of examination: a group with chronic autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, MS, celiac disease etc.), a group with chronic non-autoimmune diseases (like diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease etc.) and a group of healthy people. Three inflammatory markers were used to measure inflammation, the C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
The results were that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowered CRP and IL-6 markers in all subjects. Chronic non-autoimmune disease (diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disorders, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease) responded better to omega-3 supplementation with a greater reduction of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha than the autoimmune group. The control group also experienced lowering of their markers although they were much lower to start with. Contrary to those findings, an obese group with a body mass index of greater than 30.0 showed no change in all three inflammatory markers when omega-3 fish oil capsules had been given.
A subset of patients was examined where omega-3 was derived from fish (no supplements given). These patients showed a decrease in IL-6, but no reduction of CRP or of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
It is interesting to note that molecularly distilled fish oil (omega-3 and DHA) by itself was a stronger anti-inflammatory agent than fish. It appears that people with chronic autoimmune diseases likely will need higher amounts of fish oil to notice an anti-inflammatory benefit than those with chronic non-autoimmune diseases. The message for those who want to keep healthy: eat fish, but still supplement with molecularly distilled fish oil capsules.
More information is available at Overview Of Medicine.
Reference: PLoS One. 2014 Feb.5;9(2):e88103.


text:
必威平台-betway必威体育注册
必发88:Interviewing the Interviewer: Frankie Ward on CS:GO, Esports, and the Talent Experience
ESTNN's FPS Editor-in-Chief Nicholas Johnson managed to wrangle Frankie Ward, one of the only professional esports interviewers, away from the stage at IEM Sydney and got her perspective on her job, her experiences, and esports as a whole.
There's something to be said 必发88 for post-game interviews. Through the interviewers, fans get an inside look at some things they rarely get to see; how our favorite players feel, think, and act when they're not behind their linemen, power forwards, or (in our case) their computers. Sure, fans can watch streams and team content that takes them behind the scenes, but the best stories come when a player has achieved something spectacular or fallen flat on their face.
Frankie Ward, now well-known in the esports scene after finding her home in Counterstrike, is one of the few people in esports that makes these interviews happen. ESTNN was lucky enough to pick her brain on a range of topics, including what goes on behind the scenes at esports tournaments, her start in esports, what makes interviews so important, and the future of esports.
?I've always played video games – from my dad's laptop playing 必发官网 Monkey Island II and the Sega Master System, to buying myself a PS One with some money I earned from doing a theatre play in London when I was nine.
I'd heard of esports before I worked on my first project, but I'd still say my first proper discovery of it was working as a senior content producer on the BBC coverage of the League of Legends Worlds Quarterfinals in 2015 at Wembley's SSE Arena. I worked with Joe Miller and Leigh "Deman" Smith, discovered what Twitch was and saw how passionate the fans of the game were. We didn't have a chat functionality on our live stream, so I'd gather feedback from Reddit and from Twitter and really enjoyed engaging with the community.
After that, I decided I would love to work for Twitch and in the new year a producing role cropped up – I had to wait a while and do five interviews, but I made my move into full-time 必发88 gaming in July 2016.
I was producing for around eight years before I joined Twitch, so it was more a process of learning about the community – so I started streaming and ended up becoming a Twitch Partner. It's a habit of mine to throw myself headfirst into anything I do, and I made some great friends along the way too.
That event was my second Counter-Strike event; I desk hosted a small online tournament called the Gamedon Premiere before that.
I actually started hosting [tournaments] when I was producing for Twitch; I didn't have the budget for lots of hosts and the shows I were producing were almost always over eight hours a day and took place over several days, depending on the event we were broadcasting from.
The first esports broadcast I hosted was at Insomnia 58 in Birmingham and I was with the Dutch host and streamer Nysira – we did two games (one was possibly CSGO, the second was Overwatch). The Overwatch best-of-three ended in two games and was so fast that I had nipped to the loo briefly because I was desperate; I had to run back and straight onto the stage and couldn't stand still – bear in mind Overwatch in 2016 was difficult to spectate if you didn't play it. (Overwatch became my favourite game shortly after that and I became part of a Twitch UK team called Overlunch and played obsessively every workday with my colleagues for the rest of the time I worked there.)
In terms of what I would describe as my first proper esports hosting role, I would say that was stage hosting the ESL UK Premiership Hearthstone Finals in January 2018. I was very lucky that Product Manager Will Attwood – who I'd worked with as a producer – took a chance on me. It just so happened that Tim Clark – Brand Director (and Hearthstone fan) at PC Gamer Magazine – was watching that broadcast and it led to me co-hosting the PC Gaming Show at E3 in 2018; that show changed my life – in just over an hour, people suddenly knew who I was.
My first desk host was the NHL Gaming World Championship European Regional Final in Stockholm, and then I headed off to Dreamhack Austin to desk host PUBG, which was an absolute blast and brought me to the attention of tournament organisers such as FACEIT – who asked me to do the Americas Minor, and Richard Lewis, who got me involved with WSOE and has been supportive ever since.
In terms of the FACEIT Minor, I was absolutely terrified; I couldn't breathe before we started the show. This was flippin' Counterstrike; I never thought I'd get the opportunity to be part of the best esport in the world. As the week went on, I was able to relax into it more, and the analysts; Vendetta, Maniac and Pimp are friends now. They made the job so much more enjoyable and I trusted them instantly.
Stage hosting isn't something I typically do – stage hosting without a crowd is a lot harder than having an audience; you're very exposed doing a piece to a camera without an audible response to pace things out, so you just try and remember everything you need to say and then say it well.
In terms of interviews, I don't get nervous doing flash interviews off-stage, especially as I know most of the players I'm interviewing and the production teams I work with are fantastic, so they give you confidence. But if it's a winner's interview onstage at playoffs, that can be intimidating because it's a different art to doing interviews before and between maps; most players can't remember specifics of what happened in-game, so you have to focus on the bigger picture of what the win means. That's something I'm still working on.
I think that's what MLG are doing with Overwatch League and now Call of Duty World League, but I don't think it's a trend and I don't think it's one-size fits all. It's a business model.
I didn't watch Overwatch League when it was broadcast on ABC, just the Tweets from disgruntled viewers who don't understand esports. I would say that I don't think esports needs to be on TV – it's exciting to see it there, but the audience that watches esports doesn't necessarily watch live TV. Everything is on-demand. So, the fact that esports inspires live viewing is really exciting – but it needs to be mobile, and live TV isn't that. Twitch and other streaming platforms are.
Then you have the issue of things like barriers to entry (i.e. Overwatch being very complicated to initially watch and understand if you haven't played it) and weaponry – you'll notice in broadcasts of CSGO, casters almost never say "Terrorist" or "Counter-Terrorist" – it's all T and CT. We don't think of the game as a battle between good guys and bad – it's about strategy, teamwork, reaction times, aim ability, [among other things.]But to outsiders, they'll see it's about shooting terrorists at first glance and be put off.
I guess what I'm trying to say is that esports is best at carving out its own path, rather than following a traditional well-trodden one.
The hardest is jet lag and tiredness; there are very few days off currently. If I'm not on air, then I'm preparing, traveling, editing podcasts or streaming on my Twitch channel. I wanted to focus as much as possible on CS:GO because I love the esport – but it's also practical because I already know the storylines, the teams and the latest results – often because I witnessed the matches in person. I'm also building relationships with the players.
The hours can be incredibly long; one event I worked two 16 hour days back-to-back in a drastically different time zone to my native UK and it wasn't physically possible for me to get more than six hours sleep between days, so once we hit 1 AM on that second day I was past my best. It's very difficult to focus on four best-of-threes' in one day when you're that fatigued. In the interviewer role, I can often do double the hours of the rest of the broadcast team – I'm not on screen as much, but I watch all of the matches I'm covering.
I wouldn't say there's an "easy" aspect, but my favourite part is working with the best broadcasters in the world – I knew HenryG before I went into esports, but to get to work with him and the other CS:GO faces are amazing. And the players are brilliant too. I don't do as much PUBG anymore, but when I do, I get to be very silly with people like Pansy and Simms and it's like coming home.
It already has in my opinion; the question is whether it can grow. Playing PUBG on stream recently was some of the most fun I've had in multiplayer, so it's up to PUBG Corp to support the tournament organisers [to build] the audience. I'll back it as an esport, 100%. It used to be that certain regions (i.e. Europe) didn't fight until the third circle, but the meta is far more aggressive these days – on the world stage, we see six teams each thinking they have a claim on Erengel's Pochinki as their drop spot, while Mirimar, the desert map, is spicy from the get-go.
Just look up CPT from Chinese squad 4AM and his godlike nade (sic) play from the final day of the FACEIT Global Summit. That was insane.
?The hours – and also sometimes you get ill. I have a tendency to do this on planes; I can board healthy and disembark with a cold. On productions it can be very chilly backstage, and I wear skirts and shirts most of the time for being on camera – 12 hours without a coat and bang; ill.
The other thing viewers don't necessarily realise is that doing interviews in arenas, [the interviewer will] have in-ear monitors, but your interviewees typically won't. In large spaces the sound echoes and there's a load of sound besides that, so interviewees can't always hear. I tend to tackle that by briefing interviewees on the questions before we go live – especially if they don't speak English as a first language. However, I don't tend to give up questions in advance if it isn't necessary to.
In exit interviews, such as AdreN in the Major, I'll double check they are comfortable talking about certain things now, although I typically don't plan exit interviews as I would others – I let the player set the agenda for what they want to discuss in their opening answer. Initially, I got criticism from some audience members who thought I made players "uncomfortable". Actually, if you've just lost a big match, you're most likely going to be uncomfortable already. I'm just grateful that players and coaches agree to talk to me.
Ultimately, the Major was a great learning experience – I'm so grateful to the team at ESL for that opportunity. To be part of an Intel Extreme Masters, let alone a CSGO Major, was an incredible honour and I'm better at my job thanks to the feedback the team gave me across the event.
?Yep – it's not just talent of course, production [is] also under the same – if not longer – broadcast hours. Some productions, such as StarLadder and ESL, will rotate desk talent and casters or split the day into two shifts. Once there isn't more than one stream being broadcast, there are more opportunities for casters to have time between their series, as opposed to casting back-to-back – and that's so important for their voices and for them to keep performing well. So, for talent on screen, it's getting better and we're treated really well, of course.
That doesn't really happen for production – I used to produce shows where we'd have multiple different esports finals on the same stage on the same day, keeping my fingers crossed that we'd run to time. If you've got a great team you can keep going – I'd rather be in-house doing production than freelancing, because then you have in-office hours so you can return to normality and reset before the next event comes along. That's what I had with Twitch.
?I met Quickshot at the Esport Awards in London at the end of 2018 and gave him my details – then in the new year we sorted a date. Then I found out Machine was also there that weekend, which was fantastic because Alex is a thoroughly brilliant human being. I was panicking about only having one day at home between the Major and traveling to Berlin because I'm a prepaholic, but the team at Riot gave me everything I could possibly need; during a match you can literally say "Frankie for stats team – can I get Perkz's kill participation percentage for Friday's match, please" and less than five minutes later, they deliver the goods. The sheer level of research and insight they have at their disposal is beyond anything I've experienced before – this is, after all, a weekly production with its own studio. Also, all of the players were SO welcoming and up for talking to me.
For Counterstrike we have HLTV, which is an incredible resource – I hope there's something similar in PUBG in the future.
As we have HLTV, we don't need someone to give us those stats – our expert analysts are onscreen and I know I can ask them anything. For example, I adore working with Maniac because I'll mention a player and, as he's been an analyst for just under a year, he can talk about playing with or against most of the pros I end up interviewing, so I get so much insight from him when we're watching matches together.
I believe Riot produce all of their esports broadcasts in-house (at least they do with LEC and LCS) and it's a nine-week season, followed by playoffs, then MSI or Worlds, so they can keep stats as they go along and have an in-house team that can do that – they also have pretty set showtimes thanks to their Bo1 regular season format, so they have meetings after the day one broadcast of each weekend to recap the show and set the agenda for the next day in terms of content and storylines (and they've also been doing this during the week in the office).
For tournament organisers in CSGO, they aren't attending all of the tournaments that Spunj and the regular tier one faces are, so in this instance the talent are usually responsible for researching and keeping track across events – that isn't to say TOs aren't talking to us about storylines and what they want in the broadcast; BLAST give us lots of information on each team and update a doc (sic) during the show with the latest results and what they mean – but talent have a lot of responsibility on the whole for driving the direction of what is covered on the desk. They're the experts, after all.
And yes – I do the HLTV notebook thing! For me, I find reading interviews with players really insightful, as well as stats, and I watch back interviews I've done too. At BLAST Pro Series Madrid, I could go back to the ENCE vs. Ninja's In Pajamas match at Blast Sao Paulo and see ENCE chained 12 T-side rounds in their first half of Nuke. At the Madrid rematch, NiP pulled off a stunning turnaround – I've got the numbers for both matches thanks to HLTV. I also spoke to NiP coach Pita in Shanghai about how having Draken stand-in for dennis totally changed their Nuke game. It was fantastic to see just how much of an impact dennis has on Nuke now he's back. They looked fantastic on [that] Friday and I'm excited that I've been lucky enough to follow their journey from the sidelines.
?I can't single out one favourite, but esports highlights definitely include the IEM Katowice CSGO Major Championship, working on McLaren's Shadow Project at the start of the year (the McLaren HQ is like a Bond Villain's lair, it's ridiculous), and IEM Sydney. Sydney's fans were on another level and we got to witness one of the closest series of the year in the Fnatic / NiP derby. There's a photo our stage manager Oli took during the second map Overpass that captures the emotions of the broadcast team perfectly. I know I'm personally improving with every event, and I was really proud of what the team achieved there – just watch the Caches III to see the insanely entertaining videos put together by the Post-Production team. They were turned around so fast.
So firstly, I just want to clarify – it was Montecristo who brought up the interviewers asking "how do you feel", and Thorin quoted this and said, "women want to know what players feel, men want to know what they think". He also said that the majority of interviewers tend to be women – but I don't know the stats on this. I do, however, know that interviewers like Freya from FACEIT, Olivee from LCS, Laure from LEC and Smix are bloomin' amazing at what they do, so I can understand that we often think of women being in this role.
Now, I respectfully disagree with the gendering of this statement, because actually, I've heard men ask the question too. It's genuinely about context – setting up why you're asking the question. I always ask players how they feel before we tape or go live and then if their emotions are unusual, then we'll discuss it. Also, in exit interviews, I [ask] the question more because it usually opens up the conversation. For example, FalleN was actually really positive after MIBR went out in the semi-finals at IEM Sydney and we got to enjoy the interview after that.
In terms of glaring issues, it tends to be more around a very vocal minority of the audience; I had a lot of comparisons and negative critiques during the Major and now I've been to many more CSGO events, the audience is used to me and tends to be a lot better. However, there are still discussions about my sexuality, the way I look and my relationships to the players. I'm not a doll, and my personal life is just that. Personal. It shouldn't be up for debate or discussion.
In terms of other critiques, my male peers face the same odd comments too, so I'm not alone in that regard, but I would say that the comparisons I get are usually related to my female peers – who are my friends. The women in esports are very supportive of each other – BLAST is always really fun because I get to work with Potter. I've gotten to work with my friends Sjokz and Smix too – they've been through what I'm adjusting to right now and have so much advice.
The vocal minority has already changed in the way they speak about me since the Major. It may take a few events, but once any talent has proved themselves, those voices quieten down or disappear.
I'm quite vocal on my own blog because I feel like I'm in a good position to talk about my experiences and what needs to change – it's a better platform for me than Twitter because I can set out a thought-out argument. However, I tend to talk more about the wider dissent against women online, as opposed to esports – such as what women wear on Twitch. I just posted a blog with some genuine pictures of me without makeup because someone has defaced a photo of me and is claiming it's my genuine makeup-free face – which inspired a slew of sexually graphic comments from HLTV forum users (FYI – I didn't visit the forum index, it was sent to me by a Twitter follower). Neither of those things are ok, so I sometimes use my blog to take back the narrative.
I don't think it's usually a question for me of a more compelling story – I don't think of it like that – but a chance for the team to have a final word as they've achieved a spot in playoffs. That said, I did speak to TACO at BLAST Sao Paulo because the team had just lost their fourth match and I wanted to check-in with MIBR as this was "their event." TACO was gracious enough to grant me the interview and was very honest in his answers.
I like exit interviews because they give the player an opportunity to tell their side of the story, and I get to ask them what's next. I was too protective of some of the players in exit interviews at the Major, so now I'm a lot more held back, and I feel totally comfortable in those conversations – initially, I wasn't.
?Firstly, thanks – and secondly, that was the Caches III showmatch, so it was meant to be ridiculous – Dick Stacey came onstage in a Morphsuit with the Aussie flag on it and had a wrestle with HenryG. The Caches is essentially a WWE match where there are storylines, except the Counterstrike itself is real; the winner isn't decided in advance. There's totally a place for the Caches in esports – it was so much fun to be part of. But it shouldn't be the daily norm and it isn't.
It depends on the context and what the tournament organiser wants.
?Team England only has one English player, but I have to support my boy HenryG. Australia is basically Chad living out his top-ten team dreams with the majority of the Renegades boys, and maybe he needs to mix it up more next year!
?We saw it at BLAST Madrid during the Iberian playoffs, and it got extremely messy at times and [a ton of pressure was] focused on the A site. I think the map is going to need changes before we see it played by more of the teams – although I expect to see it picked a couple of times at Dreamhack Tours.
?ESL One Cologne. It's the Cathedral of Counterstrike!
?I genuinely don't know. However, I've got flights booked for a rare weekend away, so if I don't go, I'll be furtively watching Twitch by the pool…
?I'd love to invest more time in League of Legends – but I also love Rocket League and I'd want to dip into PUBG again; PUBG is where I initially grew as a broadcaster and found my voice.
?It's actually a blur trying to think through everyone I've been lucky enough to meet and chat to, so I can't pick one person. However, I adore MIBR and TACO never disappoints. My interview with the MIBR boys at Blast Backstage in Sao Paulo was a riot. NAF at that same event after they took a map away from Astralis in the final was hype – but it was REALLY loud so we're just repeatedly raising the level of our voices and the mic isn't picking up the crowd and thinking about it still makes me laugh. And my first interview with GeT RiGhT at the Challenger stage of the Major was a big moment because I was talking to a legendary player from NiP – I had a bit of a moment after that one.
Thanks! I think I'm just happy that they'll speak to me – it's been fantastic to build relationships with the players over the past few months. Those moments are a huge reason why I love my job.
Aw, my Blast days! That's so long ago now – we had an amazing interview training session from a woman who did the same session with me and some colleagues years later once I was full-time at the BBC. It's where I learned about open and closed questions, and about the "killer question". An example we watched, that I often tell people about, is journalist Jeremy Paxman asking a chief surgeon at Alder Hey Hospital about a colleague who has had heart patients repeatedly die on the operating table. He says "Mr. [surgeon's name] – would you let him operate on you?" and the interviewee says "no".
Although I don't shy away from closed questions, I ask a lot more open ones – it's usually to close an interview when I'm short on time that I'll ask a yes/no question, or to settle something; I asked Edward at the Major if the team wanted to stay together and win the Major and he said "we will try our best", so I pressed him again because it didn't answer the question, but the initial answer to me revealed a lack of confidence in the team as unit at that point.
I'm more direct if a player doesn't give me the full story; "a win is a win" – well yes, but if you have the same T-side issues when you play a more experienced team, it won't necessarily be a win, so how are you going to fix that?
Maybe it's me getting softer in my approach, but I also find I don't need to push as hard as I used to – I think I'm just better at my job now and the players are used to this random woman with big hair getting all enthusiastic in their face!
I'm excited to be returning to the PC Gaming Show at E3, which is right around the corner!
I have a podcast called My Life in Pixels where I interview gamers and esports faces like HenryG, James Bardolph and others, so please check that out if podcasts are your thing! It's on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube and also acast.com/getfrank for Android users.
And in terms of causes – I'm super proud to be a Special Effect ambassador. It's a charity that levels the playing field for gamers everywhere with a team of occupational therapists that use adaptive technology to help gamers with disabilities play. Please check them out and consider supporting them if you can!
Image VIA: Frankie Ward
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Bitfinex有大量ETH流出 今日午间出现23881枚以太坊的转账
JPM Coin热点背后:摩根大通正在悄悄下一盘大棋
bet365:CB Insights:2019年Q1全球金融科技融资63亿美元 环比下降13%
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CS:GO: Jovem de 16 anos sobe para Latam Pro League e sonha em se profissionalizar
Anovageraodosesp
Copyright2019ETN
《英雄联盟》LPL名额竞标9000万起!PDD直播透露面带无奈
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SEE THE NIMC CENTRES FOR NIN ENROLMENT IN FCT
OYO ASSEMBLY DRAGGED BEFORE EFCC OVER PURCHASE OF REFURBISHED OFFICIAL CARS INSTEAD OF NEW ONES AT OVER 1BIL NAIRA FOR MEMBERS
WHY ABUJA-KANO ROAD WILL NOT BE COMPLETED BY SONALA OLUMHENSE
ACF FINALLY DECLARES SUPPORT FOR SOUTHERN PRESIDENCY IN 2023
YAHOO BOY ARRESTED WITH GIRLFRIEND'S CORPSE AFTER FORCED ABORTION IN DELTA
FACE YOUR JUDICIAL SCANDALS, OKOWA TELLS AMAECHI
Delta State Governor Ifeanyi Okowa, has urged the immediate past Governor of Rivers State and now Minister of Transport, Mr. Chibuike Amaechi, to face the judicial scandal battering his image and refrain from passing the buck to innocent persons.
Okowa, who exonerated himself from the former governor's ordeal, wondered why the Rivers State chapter of the All Progressives Congress (APC) was desperate to rope him into the matter, and expressed dismay that APC was unperturbed by its dwindling fortune but engaged in unprofitable character assassination.
APC Chairman in Rivers, Davies Ikanya, had alleged that Governor Okowa, his counterpart in Rivers, Nyesom Wike, and others collaborated to run down Amaechi, knowing that he currently enjoys the support of President Muhammadu Buhari where he is playing a prominent role as Minister of Transport.
Ikanya said the duo of Okowa and Wike were behind the allegation levelled by Justice Sylvester Ngwuta and Justice Inyang Okoro, two justices of the Supreme Court, who claimed that Amaechi attempted to bribe them to pervert justice in favour of his party's governorship candidates in Rivers and Akwa Ibom states respectively. Okowa described the Rivers APC's allegation as not only "false but misleading and a calculated attempt to smear his hard-earned reputation."
The Minister of Transport had been enmeshed in deep crises in the last two weeks. The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) in conjunction with the Biafra Independent Movement (BIM) fingered him and two other ministers, including his counterparts in Labour, Chris Ngige and Science and Technology, Ogbonnaya Onu, as clogs in the realisation of the Biafran Republic.
Two days later, the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) fingered him again as the arrow head in the misfortune befalling the Igbo race. While the group's leader in Delta North Zone, Chinedu Amaefieobu, supported by the Zonal Commander of Security, Ignatus Agili-Ajama, lambasted the minister for denying his kinsmen and sacrificing them on the altar of mediocrity, they hailed Chief Ralph Uwazuruike for upholding the tenets of the late Odimegwu Ojukwu and working hard to realise his aspirations for Igbo people.
Okowa, who sppke through his Chief Press Secretary, Charles Aniagwu, in Asaba yesterday, wondered why Ikanya was not bordered about "the dwindling fortunes of his party in Rivers rather than embarking on a wild goose chase", describing him and the allegation as not only spurious but laughable. "Ordinarily, we wouldn't have joined issues with a … party Chairman like Ikanya, but in order to set the records straight, it is pertinent to state that Governor Okowa has no hand in the latest scandals swirling around the Transportation Minister.
"As governor of Delta State, Okowa is too busy delivering on his SMART Agenda to be enmeshed in such petty accusations of orchestrating any accusations against the transport minister. "How is it possible for anyone to imagine that two respected Justices of the Supreme Court were told to lie that Amaechi made attempts to influence their judgements in his party's favour?
"Rather than encourage the former governor to defend himself, the Rivers APC is busy looking for people to rope into its inglorious adventure. Davies Ikanya should grow up. We, therefore, call on the general public to disregard the said publication as there is no iota of truth in it," the statement said.
Celebrity, Controversy, Politics
APC CRISIS: OYEGUN REACHES OUT AS KWANKWASO ALIGNS WITH TINUBU
PASTOR, 4 OTHERS ABDUCTED BY KIDNAPPERS IN EKITI
ACTOR SAKA AND WIFE CELEBRATE 16TH WEDDING ANNIVERSARY, SEE PIX
Nollywood actor, Afeez Oyetoro popularly known as Saka, is celebrating his 16th wedding anniversary today. According...
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I AM NOT FULLY DIVORCED, I MIGHT GO BACK TO MY HUSBAND- MERCY AIGBE
Nollywood actress and fashion icon, Mercy Aigbe said she might go back to her husband. She...
Celebrity Controversy
ACTOR BOLANLE NINALOWO IS 39, SEE PICS HE POSTED TO CELEBRATE HIS NEW AGE
Popular Nollywood actor, Bolanle Ninalowo Celebrates his 39 years birthday as he rock native Agbada instyle....
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If I didn't already believe in meeting people for a reason, meeting Paisley & CJ in Sydney would've definitely won me over. We met up in the summer of 2015 and I fell in love with their beautiful relationship and CRAZY fun personalities. Now they've been together for 8 years, and I've shot them a dozen times, but nothing has compared to these sweet moments the day we first met roaming around Sydney together.


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Q: How to parse objects in json? I am trying to parse a json but it give me error java lang.string can not be converted to jsonArray. Here is my json and error :
Value {"MemberList":[{"MemberId":1,"FirmId":1,"MemberTypeId":1,
"MemberUserName":"test@example.com",      "MemberName":"sth","UpdateDate":"\/Date(1421840040000)\/",
"LastLoginDate":"\/Date(1454995980000)\/",
"FirmTypeId":1,"FirmName":"Firm","FirmOfficialName":"Firm",
"FirmRowGuid":"sth","MemberRowGuid":"sth","AuthToken":"sth",
"IsRegistered":1}],"MemberPageList":null,"FirmModuleList":null,"Status":true,
"StatusCode":"OK"} of type java.lang.String cannot be converted to JSONArray

When i deleted MemberList header and run manually it works fine but i must parse it with header how should i parse it. userDetail is my json string:
JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(userDetail);
                    member = new Member();
                    for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {

                    JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                    member.MemberId = jsonObject.optInt("MemberId");
                    member.MemberTypeId = jsonObject.optInt("MemberTypeId");
                    member.FirmTypeId = jsonObject.optInt("FirmTypeId");
                    member.IsRegistered = jsonObject.optInt("IsRegistered");

                    member.MemberUserName = jsonObject.optString("MemberUserName");
                    member.MemberName = jsonObject.optString("MemberName");
                    member.UpdateDate = jsonObject.optString("UpdateDate");
                    member.LastLoginDate = jsonObject.optString("LastLoginDate");
                    member.FirmName = jsonObject.optString("FirmName");
                    member.FirmOfficialName = jsonObject.optString("FirmOfficialName");
                    member.FirmRowGuid = jsonObject.optString("FirmRowGuid");
                    member.MemberRowGuid = jsonObject.optString("MemberRowGuid");
                    member.AuthToken = jsonObject.optString("AuthToken");
                }

A: Its a json object not array so change,
JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(userDetail);

to
JSONObject jsonObj= new JSONObject(userDetail);
JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObj.getJSONArray("MemberList");

To manually check json use this http://jsoneditoronline.org/
CODE:
    JSONObject jsonObj= new JSONObject(userDetail);
    JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObj.getJSONArray("MemberList");

                    for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                    member = new Member();
                    JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                    member.MemberId = jsonObject.optInt("MemberId");
                    member.MemberTypeId = jsonObject.optInt("MemberTypeId");
                    member.FirmTypeId = jsonObject.optInt("FirmTypeId");
                    member.IsRegistered = jsonObject.optInt("IsRegistered");

                    member.MemberUserName = jsonObject.optString("MemberUserName");
                    member.MemberName = jsonObject.optString("MemberName");
                    member.UpdateDate = jsonObject.optString("UpdateDate");
                    member.LastLoginDate = jsonObject.optString("LastLoginDate");
                    member.FirmName = jsonObject.optString("FirmName");
                    member.FirmOfficialName = jsonObject.optString("FirmOfficialName");
                    member.FirmRowGuid = jsonObject.optString("FirmRowGuid");
                    member.MemberRowGuid = jsonObject.optString("MemberRowGuid");
                    member.AuthToken = jsonObject.optString("AuthToken");
                }

A: {
"MemberList": [{
    "MemberId": 1,
    "FirmId": 1,
    "MemberTypeId": 1,
    "MemberUserName": "test@example.com",
    "MemberName": "sth",
    "UpdateDate": "\/Date(1421840040000)\/",
    "LastLoginDate": "\/Date(1454995980000)\/",
    "FirmTypeId": 1,
    "FirmName": "Firm",
    "FirmOfficialName": "Firm",
    "FirmRowGuid": "sth",
    "MemberRowGuid": "sth",
    "AuthToken": "sth",
    "IsRegistered": 1
}],
"MemberPageList": null,
"FirmModuleList": null,
"Status": true,
"StatusCode": "OK"

}
as you can see the top root data we are getting as an object, within this object we are getting array of "MemberList", so you need to get object first then array inside of it.
and also do this to convert response in to String
HttpResponse response=client.execute(post);
String obj= EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

then use it as you want.
Hope you got this.


text:
Autechaux-Roide  es una población y comuna francesa, en la región de Franco Condado, departamento de Doubs, en el distrito de Montbéliard y cantón de Hérimoncourt.

Demografía

Enlaces externos
 INSEE

Autechaux Roide

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We read the botanical web so you don't have to.
Speaking of SarraceniaDude (that's him on the right with the Tillandsia), after I nagged him a bit, he posted this great writeup on how he takes those beautiful photos of his Sarracenia. Required reading for gardeners that want to make better photos.
NY Times: Heirloom Seeds or Flinty Hybrids?
Good, if noncommittal, story about the heirloom vs. hybrid seed debate. My two cents: Plant it all, see what grows. We're all hybrids, after all. See also: GardenRant's two cents.
How to make adorable little hanging epiphyte balls by Steve Asbell. Of course, if you'd prefer, he'll make one for you.


text:
Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers
Highlighting Films Old (& New) That We Grew Up With & Watched at Weekend Sleepovers
Halloween, 1978
Welcome to the first episode of the 2018 Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers Halloween Horror October Extravaganza! This week the boys are bringing their Chicago brethren, the Mighty Mighty Mike Vanderbilt back to sleep over and discuss a classic that turns 40 this year and a film franchise that has a new installment releasing into theaters this month. That's right, J. Blake and Dion Baia are taking on the trend-setting cult horror classic by the master… John Carpenter's Halloween, from 1978!
The three caballeros get right into it, dissecting Carpenter's style and proposing many questions they hope to answer. Being as Vanderbilt and Blake both have interviewed the legendary auteur -among many others connected to the series- the fellas try to lend their expertise and lay out why this film became an absolute classic, as well as a trailblazer for the entire slasher film subgenre. So grab your buckets of pizza, your mega-jolt colas (or as in Dion's case, something with a little extra 'kick'), cause the boys are pulling out all the stops on the first installment of the 2018 Saturday Night Movie Sleepover Halloween Horror October Extravaganza!
Extras!
Here's the original trailer to the 1978 film!
Check out this actual 1979 audience reaction to the climatic scene of Halloween!
Take a look at these extra scenes shot during the production of Halloween II, to be specifically inserted into the television version of the original 1978 film.
Have a look at the new documentary For the Love of the Boogeyman, which features our very own, J. Blake!
Halloween, 1978 [ 2:06:05 ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download
Category: Classic, Horror, Slasher Film, Thriller | 6 Comments on Halloween, 1978
Sorcerer, 1977
Greetings and welcome back to another exciting episode of Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers! This week Dion Baia and J. Blake are celebrating a film that turned 40 this year (and is currently enjoying a theatrical re-release this very month) -a movie that flopped and was universally panned when it was originally released. But after years of obscurity it has had a resurgence and a re-evaluation, and is now considered a lost classic (even being Stephen King's favorite movie!) -with some even saying it could be it's director's best work (luckily Blake and Dion never had this problem of having to 're-discover' this to know it was a masterpiece). So this week the boy's are taking a very close look at the notorious William Friedkin epic, Sorcerer, from 1977.
A movie that has haunted Dion since childhood, the guys jump right into unpacking this momentous feat of cinema. Blake and Dion dissect the various elements and history that came together to make this classic. They first return to the source material, reading the original 1952 novel Wages of Fear by French author Georges Arnaud. They analyze the 1953 film Wages of Fear by the French auteur Henri-Georges Clouzot, and use both of those versions to compare and contrast William Friedkin's retelling, of what has been called by some, the most suspenseful story of all time. They utilize the first hand accounts from their friend, ex-NYPD Homicide Detective turned actor, producer, consultant and friend to director William Friedkin, Randy Jurgensen, who also costarred in Sorcerer, to piece together the story behind getting this epic out of the jungle and onto the big screen. They trace the path that visionaries like Friedkin and others ascended to in the 1970s-1980s, only to come crashing down by closing out an era with commercially-termed 'flops' (though Dion and Blake do not consider Sorcerer in that category) largely due to ballooning budgets and lofty artistic visions, or because of sheer recklessness- like the death of 3 actors on a John Landis film-set in 1982. And they analyze what kind of impact a little-known German Electronic band named Tangerine Dream, who penned the film's synth score, had on the next decade of movie soundtracks. So, what Hollywood legend was Sorcerer first written for; who would have starred, had it not been for Friedkin's lack of flexibility? What's the inside joke that Randy Jurgensen told SNMS he has with director William Friedkin (Hint: it comes a line from this movie)? What were the contributing factors that led to the ultimate commercial failure of Sorcerer at the box office? And maybe most importantly, what is the story behind the film's title?! Well, make sure you strap yourselves in, pack your Valium and Dramamine, because the boys are taking a nail-biting journey into the jungle and a descent into madness, on an all new and very informative edition of Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers!
Check out these rare and behind on the scenes 8mm footage that was shot on the set of Sorcerer, while on location in New Jersey!
Have a look of at this vintage TV spot for Sorcerer!
Please go have a listen to the excessive interviews that SNMS as done with ex-NYPD Homicide Detective turned actor, producer, consultant and friend to director William Friedkin, Randy Jurgensen, about his legendary career as a police officer and then seamless transition to a legendary stint in Hollywood, and some of the biggest movies of the 1970s, 80s and 90s.
Take a look at this extremely rare William Friedkin Q&A from 2013 about Sorcerer that the boys were able to attend, that they transcribed into a posting, which eventually made news and is subsequently cited extensively by Wikipedia in their entry for Sorcerer.
Here's an article Dion penned in 2014 that was his review of the original novel Wages of Fear by French novelist Georges Arnaud.
Check out the concept art for both of the trucks used in the film, found HERE and HERE!
Also have a look at the various and amazing versions of the film's POSTER that have been made over the years, found HERE, HERE, HERE, HERE, HERE and HERE!
And last but far from least, check out everything there is to know about Sorcerer on this website, which is dedicated to the film!
Sorcerer, 1977 [ 2:10:30 ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download
Category: Action, Adventure, Books, Thriller | 4 Comments on Sorcerer, 1977
Bob Clark's Black Christmas, 1974
In a very exciting Christmas Edition of Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers, Dion Baia and J. Blake explore the highly underrated and highly influential Bob Clark film- no, not the uber-iconic A Christmas Story- but his other Christmas movie from 10 years prior, his brilliant horror, Black Christmas from 1974.
What cinema secrets does this lesser-known gem hold that now have become cliched? Having been released 4 years prior to the landmark horror film Halloween which is usually deemed the first slasher film, does Black Christmas instead deserve that prestigious title? How does the director of such a legendary Christmas film like A Christmas Story direct such a drastically different and brilliant genre-film centered around the same holiday, nearly a decade before? Well, all the answers to the questions posed and the boy's love for the late and great Bob Clark are all revealed in this special, Christmas edition of Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers!
(Here is the entire film to watch, courtesy of youtube- Enjoy!)
Black Christmas, 1974 [ 1:10:38 ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download
Category: Classic, Holiday, Horror, Uncategorized | Comments Off on Bob Clark's Black Christmas, 1974
–ABOUT SATURDAY SLEEPOVERS
Podbay
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, 1984
SNMS PRESENTS: A Preview of Star Wars' Cinema Technology on American Innovations
RoboCop 2, 1990
Gremlins 2: The New Batch , 1990
Terminator 2: Judgement Day, 1991
5 Rentals for $5 Movie Lists
audio commentary
Movie Lovers
Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers Exclusive
Side Cast
What You've Told Us
J. Blake on SNMS PRESENTS: A Preview of Star Wars' Cinema Technology on American Innovations
Eric on SNMS PRESENTS: A Preview of Star Wars' Cinema Technology on American Innovations
admin on RoboCop 2, 1990
Joseph W on RoboCop 2, 1990
Jose A. Rivera on Gremlins 2: The New Batch , 1990
Paste here small text about You and/or about site
SNMS Presents: Introducing Inside Star Wars
Theme "Anarcho Notepad" designed by Arthur Gareginyan.


text:
layout: post
title:  "Quotes: Narrow Thinking"
date:   2015-04-11 22:26:51
categories: quote
author: Shane Leonard
image: /images/quote-narrowly-warren.jpg
---

Quote from [Warren Buffett](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffett).

> Wide diversification is only required when investors do not understand what they are doing.

Perhaps the ultimate example is passively investing in ETFs.

Do you have a favourite quote from a famous investor or stock market pundit? We'd love to hear it.

Please drop me a message [@shaneleonard121](https://twitter.com/shaneleonard121) or the full team [@stockflare](https://twitter.com/stockflare).

Shane Leonard

Managing Director

Stockflare


This herbal salve is handcrafted using handmade slow infused herbal oils made with fresh plants and resins such a spruce pitch, frankincense sacra resin, arnica flowers and CBD hemp oil. All of these plants contain anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties which are traditional herbal remedies for inflammation and pain. The CBD oil contained in this salve is a whole flower bud plant oil with less than 1% THC content. I use this salve for sore muscles and other aches and pains as needed. It can be applied multiple times as needed.


text:
Archived News for Professionals in State Government	- July, 2012
City of Boroondara takes out Victorian Sustainable City award
The Keep Australia Beautiful Victoria Sustainable Cities and Clean Beaches Awards have named the City of Boroondara as Sustainable City of the Year 2012.
The City of Boroondara was singled out for incorporating sustainability in its practices and fostering awareness in the wider community.
Council projects and initiatives recognised by the Awards included:
implementing biodiversity protection and awareness initiatives, including the Backyard Biodiversity project, Biodiversity Strategy and corridors plan
conducting practical Living for our Future workshops and the Sustainable Living Festival
reducing energy use and carbon emissions
providing exceptional recycling facilities and promoting waste education
acknowledging local residents' "green" achievements in their homes and gardens via the annual Boroondara Sustainability Awards
maintaining cultural heritage through the detailed restoration of Kew Court House and Police Station
embracing water sensitive urban design principles across Council in both large and small projects (for example, Glen Iris Wetlands and a new raingarden at Balwyn Community Centre).
The City of Boroondara also won the Community Government Partnership Award for the Kew Court House and Police Station refurbishment project. The collaborative nature of the project involving several partners such as the Kew Historical Society, Heritage Victoria and others, was deemed an outstanding effort.
ACT Pest Animal Management Strategy released
Rabbits, wild dogs, feral goats, pigs, carp and other exotic pests will be the target of a new strategy designed to prevent and manage pest animals in the ACT and reduce the harmful damage to the environment.
E-health initiative launched for remote NT communities
The Federal Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Senator Stephen Conroy, has launched the Health eTowns TelehealthNT Network initiative that will give remote communities in the Northern Territory better access to healthcare.
New WA emergency arrangements in response to Keelty bushfire report
The Western Australian Government has announced new emergency management procedures in implementing a key recommendation of the Keelty report into the Perth Hills bushfire.
NT to implement all recommendations from Bushfires Review
The Northern Territory Minister for Natural Resources, Karl Hampton, has released the independent review of BushfiresNT, announcing that all of its 44 recommendations will be implemented.
Queensland first to introduce heavy vehicle regulation bill
The Queensland Government has introduced the Heavy Vehicle National Law Bill 2012 into its Parliament. Passage of the Bill will establish the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator in Brisbane and allow for the appointment of the five-member Board and the CEO.
Queensland proposes $100 million Floodplain Security Scheme
The Queensland Government has proposed a $100 million, four year Floodplain Security Scheme (FSS) and called on the Federal Government to match State spending in the program which would aim to flood-proof large parts of Queensland.
Deputy Premier Jeff Seeney has written to the Federal Minister for Emergency Management Nicola Roxon seeking Federal support for an overall approach to flood risk management and mitigation efforts.
Mr Seeney said Queensland would commit $40 million over the next four years to deliver a comprehensive planned program of flood mitigation, but believed Federal and local government involvement could create a $100 million flood mitigation fund.
"It is the Queensland Government's view that the FSS, part of the Royalties for Regions program, should be funded on a 2:2:1 basis with the Commonwealth and State Governments providing $2 million for every $1 million provided by local government," Mr Seeney said.
"A matching $40 million commitment from the Federal Government would provide significant and vital investment in reducing the flood risk for Queensland communities and would reduce the financial exposure of all levels of government to future disaster events."
Mr Seeney said the recent Charleville flood where levees prevented flooding in the town and saved tens of millions of dollars in disaster and insurance payouts showed the benefits of effective proactive mitigation work.
"Upfront investment can provide long term savings to all levels of government and the community and provide increased confidence to the insurance sector."
Queensland Transport restructure to slash jobs
The Queensland Government has announced a restructure of the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads and TransLink, involving a targeted staff reduction of 18 per cent or 1,970 FTE corporate and support roles from the Department and TransLink, saving $287 million over the next four years.
Green light for Nyrstar subject to new technology
The South Australian EPA has issued environmental guidelines for Nyrstar's Port Pirielead smelter setting out finalised variations to the licence conditions.
Green light for WA's $152m Spoilbank Marina Precinct
The Western Australian Government and Town of Port Hedland have given the green light for the $152million Spoilbank Marina Precinct development in north-west WA.
Queensland dumps Connors River Dam project
The SunWater Board has decided not to proceed with the Connors River Dam and Pipelines (CRDP) project in Central Queensland because it is not financially viable.
Queensland slashes 4,400 public service jobs
Queensland's public servant numbers have fallen by more than 4400 full-time equivalents since the state election.
WA appoints acting Corruption and Crime Commissioner
WA Attorney General Michael Mischin has announced the appointment of Neil Douglas as an acting commissioner of the Corruption and Crime Commission (CCC).
Committee meets to begin Central Queensland Regional Plan
The committee that will guide the preparation of the Central Queensland Regional Plan has met for the first time to begin development of the region's Statutory Regional Plan to help resolve land use conflicts.
The committee includes the mayors of five councils, six Members of State Parliament and 11 members representing business, industry and community groups.
Deputy Premier and Minister for State Development, Infrastructure and Planning Jeff Seeney said the Central Queensland Regional Planning Committee would be a forum to address community issues and interests.
"This committee will oversee the regional planning process and increase understanding within the community of the Central Queensland Regional Plan," Mr Seeney said.
"Communities will be represented by their mayors who will put forward the views of their local regions during the process. Industry representatives will also have a voice at the table.
"The committee will make sure the views of both local and wider groups are considered in its work."
There will be widespread community consultation throughout the development of the regional plan and a number of opportunities for community members to have input.
Mr Seeney said including land use mapping in the statutory regional plan would help resolve conflict between landholders and the agricultural and resources sectors.
"Central Queensland has diverse agricultural assets and an abundance of resource deposits," he said.
"This plan will ensure the region grows in a managed and sustainable way and will let us deal with urban expansion, the timing and sequencing of infrastructure and enhancing agricultural, resource and tourism opportunities while ensuring management of environmental impacts."
Mr Seeney said the committee would increase transparency of the regional plan development process, following an expression-of-interest process for community and industry representatives.
He said the committee would represent a range of regional viewpoints and interests during the preparation of the Central Queensland Statutory Regional Plan which is expected to be finalised in August 2013.
There will be opportunities for community input during the drafting of the plans over the next six months and a formal consultation period for submissions on draft plans early next year.
Members of the Central Queensland Regional Planning Committee are:
Councillor Ron Carige – Mayor of Banana Shire Council
Councillor Peter Maguire – Mayor of Central Highlands Regional Council
Councillor Terry Munns – Mayor of Woorabinda Aboriginal Shire Council
Councillor Gail Sellers – Mayor of Gladstone Regional Council
Councillor Margaret Strelow – Mayor of Rockhampton Regional Council
Mr Stephen Bennett MP – Member for Burnett
Mr Bill Byrne MP – Member for Rockhampton
Mrs Liz Cunningham MP – Member for Gladstone
Mr Vaughan Johnson MP – Member for Gregory
Mr Ted Malone MP – Member for Mirani
Mr Bruce Young MP – Member for Keppel
Ms Mary Carroll – Chief Executive Officer, Capricorn Enterprise, Rockhampton
Ms Elyse Riethmuller – Senior Executive, Fitzroy Basin Association Inc. Rockhampton
Ms Sandra Hobbs – General Manager, Central Highlands Development Corporation, Emerald
Ms Diane Morris – Treasurer, Enterprise Biloela Association Inc
Mr Andrew Barger – Director, Resource and Environment Policy, Queensland Resources Council, Brisbane
Mr Paul Bell – Acting Chair, Regional Development Australia - Fitzroy and Central West, Parkhurst
Ms Mabel Quakawoot – Director, Port Curtis-Coral Coast Aboriginal Corporation, Erakala
Mr Ian Burnett – Vice President, AgForce Queensland, Emerald
Mr Sam Bradford – Member, Golden Triangle Community, Springsure
Ms Saleena Ham – Project Officer, Moura Chamber of Commerce
Ms Elizabeth Alexander – Dawson Valley Cotton Growers Assn. & Central Highlands Cotton Growers & Irrigators Assn.
Queensland budget cuts bite in education portfolio
The Queensland Education, Training and Employment Minister John-Paul Langbroek has announced a series of measures to reduce expenditure in his portfolio.
Queensland Rail bonuses to be frozen
The Queensland Government is planning to freeze all Queensland Rail bonuses.
Reports on SA health cuts released for discussion
Three external reports on potential savings and efficiencies in Health have been released for public consultation by the South Australian Government.
SA Urban Renewal Authority Board appointed
The South Australian Government has announced the seven-member board of the Urban Renewal Authority which will be charged with delivering and increasing the supply and diversity of affordable housing and accelerating the renewal of social housing stock.
Victorian State Services Authority seeks new CEO
The Victorian Government's State Services Authority is seeking a new CEO.
COAG considers report on environmental approval processes and electricity pricing
The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) meeting this week received a report from its Future Competition and Regulatory Reform Taskforce which has been consulting with peak business bodies and organisations including conservation groups which have an interest in environmental regulation reforms.
COAG to investigate construction industry
COAG has agreed to establish an independent review panel to conduct a broad ranging investigation into cost, competitiveness and productivity challenges in the commercial, civil and large scale residential construction industry.


An incredibly daring group of nineteen fundraisers sacrificed their locks this month by shaving their heads, all in the name of a good cause.
April marks Bowel Cancer Awareness month, a time of year when we are reminded to be vigilant of the signs and symptoms of this common cancer. Along with other organisations, Cancer Research Wales is helping to address some of the challenges and opportunities as they relate to bowel cancer in Wales.
To mark LGBT History month in February, Cardiff Metropolitan University implemented a variety of initiatives to promote equality and diversity across the University including; a newsletter from the LGBT+ Staff Network Chair, LGBT+ equality information stands on both campuses, awareness raising through external and internal sources and signposting to LGBT+ support and information services.
Eurobond Laminates and Kidney Wales are challenging companies throughout Wales to step up for this year's famous Nation Radio Cardiff 10K race this autumn.
Throughout March, supporters of Kidney Wales, are being encouraged to host their own tea party to help raise money to support kidney patients and their families.
Mike Gahan, an avid supporter of Cancer Research Wales, will be taking on the mighty challenge of Everest Base Camp this year to raise vital funds for the charity.
Missed out on the SOLD-OUT ABP Newport Marathon? You can still run for Cancer Research Wales!
If you missed out on the chance to enter the sold-out ABP Newport Marathon taking place at the end of April, all is not lost. Cancer Research Wales still have free spaces available, so you can dust the snow off your trainers and start making paces, all in the name of a good cause!
A retired woman from Cardiff, along with twelve others, is hoping to raise £10,000 for Whitchurch-based Cancer Research Wales this spring by shaving her head.
One of the UK's leading community dance organisations and charity, Cardiff based Rubicon Dance, has announced it will be taking over the former Roath Library building to accommodate its ambitious growth plans to expand its work in the community.


In contrast, Windows includes "line 37 of unit1.pas"
Compile you project (and optionally fpc) with -gl -O- (At least this helps on windows).
The [leakview][http://wiki.freepascal.org/leakview] does not show anything more.
This [2017 stackoverflow][https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47660310/unable-to-generate-line-numbers-in-fpc-debugging-output] question also suggests heaptrc does not provide line numbers with MacOS. One of the commenters suggests if requires ppc32 architecture on macOS. I guess this might refer to PowerPC, as targeting either 32-bit i386 or 64-bit x86_64 had no influence.
Does FPC for Mac OS support DWARF 2 debug information? Try to add -gw2 at the command line options.


Photo submitted by LUVA Hair & Day Spa.
On January 26, 2019, the LUVA Hair & Day Spa hosted a Winter/Spring Art Show featuring artists Yvonne Gastelu and Janis Doucette.
The LUVA Hair & Day Spa has been supporting local artist for more than 4 years, which led to the Mayor's presence at this year's Winter/Spring art show. According to Alisson DeFaria, LUVA's art show planner, "it started with Windows Art Malden when local artists were paired up with local business and for a weekend people would stroll Malden center to see their artwork showing." They were paired up with artist, Paige Wallis, who already had her art in the shop but was asked by LUVA if she wanted to keep in the Spa longer. This was the creation of LUVA's Art Gallery.
The Winter/Spring Art Show wasn't the first art show that LUVA has hosted. In fact, they host art shows every month with openings commonly in January and July. "The difference between shows are the mediums artist choose to show. From oils in canvas, pastels, mix media, sculptures." LUVA also host fundraisers and pop-up markets.
Though they had much great art there, not many people were able to attend due to the weather; the art show only had between 20 to 30 attendees. In contrast to the fewer spectators of the Winter/Spring art shows, Summer/Fall art shows attract many more attendees. Previous Summer/Fall art shows have seen record attendance, up to 100 community members showing up to view the artwork. "It all depends if we are able to bring musicians for the Openings as well," DeFaria says.
LUVA Hair & Day Spa also sells the pieces they display in the Art Show and their Art Gallery, making it possible for the attendees to buy the art they liked.
The Luva Hair & Day Spa is a nail salon, hair salon and spa all in one shop. It is located on 379 Main St, Malden, MA and is open from Tuesday to Saturday.


text:
Choose a language EN MM
Tenders and Announcement
Port EDI
Ports In Myanmar
Port Services and Functions
Annual Trade Overview
Trade by Country & Commodity
About Port EDI
Port Clearance Procedures System
Berth Allocation System
Invoice Issuing System
Statistics Management System
Logistics Monitoring System
Terminal Operation System
Trade relies on transportation, and the latter relies on port development, as more than 80% of cargoes are transported by maritime transportation. Therefore, one of the important economic reforms of Myanmar's transport sector is to develop the ports. As the trade is booming, there has been an annual increase in the number of ships calling to Yangon Port, altogether with cargo throughput year by year. This is the one of the reasons in order to introduce the ICT in port industry in order to achieve the better performance. Moreover, with the progress of the country's trade procedures, we realize modern ICT is needed to employ to make day-to-day functions more convenient. Moreover, in this current situation, Myanmar's ports still have to rely on paper documents in order to record the calling of vessels and transportation of cargoes. This creates a bottleneck in order to get better port performance.
Besides, as Myanmar is one of the Southeast Asian Nations, realization of AEC blueprint which includes for the implementation of Single Market Production Base which is required to cooperate by all member countries. So that Port EDI system will lay the groundwork for Myanmar to join the ASEAN Single Window Initiative, connecting the National Single Window to global economic integration. Myanmar aims to join the ASEAN Economic Community by 2018. That's why, Government decided to implement the Port EDI Project with the help of the Japanese government and the Exchange of Notes (EN) between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Government of Japan was signed on March 19, 2015, and the Grant Agreement between MPA, on behalf of the Ministry of Transport of the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and the JICA Myanmar Office, on behalf of JICA, was signed on March 26, 2015.
As a consultant company of the Port EDI Project, Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc. (MRI) was chosen as a leading think-tank and consulting/IT solution Service Company, and the Myanma Port Authority along with MRI carried out a preliminary study and a preparatory survey in August, 2014.
Afterwards, Hitachi Solution Ltd., a globally leading technology company, was selected as a main developer which only offering products with ideal solutions to worldwide users with over 400,000 staff around the globe. Since October 2015, MPA staffs and experts from MRI have outlined the port EDI system with the best support of HSOL's experts.
No. 10, Pansodan Street, Kyauktada Township, Yangon, Myanmar.
Tel: (+95-1)379141246375391272
Fax: (+95-1) 391355384737
Email: info@mpa.gov.com
Copyright © 2023 Myanma Port Authority. All Rights Reserved.