Cognition and Perception is an impressive and ambitious project, both for the width of its scope and the depth and variety of its goals. At the most general level, the book is a criticism of constructivist anti-realism in philosophy of science, which contends that all perception is theory-laden and there is no 'objective' dimension attached to it, and a defense of realism, according to which perception brings us in direct, although limited, contact with the world.
The minimal realism Raftopoulos defends holds "that objects, their spatiotemporal properties, and some of their observable features, all of which can be retrieved directly from a visual scene, are real -- that is, mind-independent -- entities and properties in the world." (xxiv) As we shall see, such information is retrieved by perception purely bottom-up and results in representational states with non-conceptual content.
The main features of the theory of perception Raftopoulos proposes do not lie in its novelty, for "the thesis of the continuity of perception and cognition" (xiv) has already been undermined both on psychological and neuroscientific grounds. Rather, Raftopoulos's aim is to amass all empirical evidence for the thesis of the cognitive impenetrability of perception and to apply these empirical findings to philosophical issues such as the nature of non-conceptual content and phenomenal content; perceptual demonstratives; the question of the theory-ladenness of perception; and the realism/ant-realism controversy. Accordingly, the book is divided into two parts, the first devoted to establishing the theory of the cognitive impenetrability of perception and the second to applying the empirically informed thesis of the cognitive encapsulation of perception to philosophical problems.
A terminological excursus will lead us into some of the details of Raftopoulos's view. The whole discussion is framed in terms, and at the same time is a defense, of a tripartite distinction between 'sensation', 'perception', and 'observation', which constitute various stages of visual processing. In brief, 'sensation' comprises non-cognitive early visual processing of retinal information, such as changes in light intensity (which allow us to decode information about surfaces). The computations performed at this level are automatic, non-conscious. The resulting representations of aspects of the world are, therefore, non-cognitive and need to be further articulated before they can be used by higher cognitive processes. Instances of this intermediate processing stage, which constitutes 'perception', are, for instance, computation of shape, spatial relations, orientation, size, motion, and surface properties. Both 'sensation' and 'perception', according to Raftopoulos's view, belong to early vision, and the difference between them lies in the kind of information that they process. As it will be clear in what follows, it is crucial to notice both 'perception' and 'sensation' are not subject to the influence of higher cognitive states -- or so Raftopoulos, amongst others, argues. All remaining visual processings which culminate in object identification and recognition belong to cognition or 'observation', which allows the formation of object-representations with semantic content.
Raftopoulos needs to establish this tripartite classification before he can use it in the philosophical framework of the second part of the book. As Machamer points out in his foreword, the role of attention in, and the timing of, low-level visual processings are the key elements in Raftopoulos's overall strategy to establish the thesis of the cognitive encapsulation of perception. In particular, Raftopoulos argues against theories of attention such as Treisman's 'Feature Integration Theory', which claim that attentional effects descend top-down from higher cognitive centers to low level peripheral visual processes to restrict information processing to specific parts in the visual field, and suggests a distinction of visual processing into a pre-attentional stage and a selective attentional stage based on the timing of attentional effects, which only seem to take place "100 or 120 ms after stimulus onset" (87).
In the former, pre-attentional, stage, the visual system parses objects primarily by means of spatio-temporal information (such as relative location, motion, spatio-temporal continuity), which is retrieved bottom-up from the visual scene (where necessary, low vision can also avail of featural information about object size, shape and color). This task is carried out by the feedforward sweep, a type of visual processing which transmits information bottom-up to higher brain structures without receiving top-down feedback. This is the stage of visual processing Raftopoulos calls object individuation, which involves a weak form of object representation devoid of semantic content. Early pre-attentional visual processing yield what Raftopoulos, borrowing the expression from Pylyshyn, labels 'proto-objects', which are processed by the visual system as spatio-temporal units, existing separately of other objects.
Object-individuation does not involve possession or application of concepts (it does not involve perception of an object as the object that it is), and the information it processes is not stored in any kind of conscious, retrievable, memory and cannot therefore be used for subsequent object-identification, which involves instead a strong form of object representation (according to which the object is categorized as falling under a certain description), and presupposes possession and application of the relevant concepts. It is the processings associated with object-identification which deliver the objects of ordinary perceptual experience.
Weak object representations are formed in the dorsal pathway, which subserves on-line visuomotor control and in which the information is processed automatically in a viewer-centered framework of reference, giving rise to absolute proto-object representations. Since at this stage there is no top-down cognitive direction of the visual processings, visual scenes are parsed or segmented into proto-objects according to operational principles or constraints which Raftopoulos claims to be hard-wired in the perceptual system.
Unlike weak representations, the strong type of conscious object representation is formed in the ventral stream, in which information is processed in a relational framework of reference and object representations acquire semantic content through the effects of top-down conceptual influence.
The interesting upshot of the empirical work Raftopoulos refers to in the first part of the book is that there is a clear delimitation to what higher conceptual structures can influence top-down; moreover, such limit seems to be innately embedded in our perceptual circuitry. What falls outside the boundaries of cognitive influence, i.e. perceptual processes, seems to be structured according to "optico-spatial" (135) features of the world itself which function as rules that determine the content of perceptual states.
In the second half of the book, Raftopoulos explores the philosophical impact of the cognitively impenetrability of perception thesis. Raftopoulos's systematic philosophical discussion culminates in his defense of a minimal, or restricted, form of realism against both semantic and epistemological constructivism (chapter 8).
Against semantic constructivism, according to which linguistic terms have no determinate empirical content, Raftopoulos proposes his own theory of perceptual demonstratives (chapter 6) according to which the referent of mental perceptual states that can be linguistically articulated by demonstrative terms (like 'this' and 'that') is fixed in non-conceptual, bottom-up, ways. In brief, the proto-objects indexed in a visual scene by pre-attentional, object-centered, segmentation processes are enough to fix the referents of perceptual demonstratives, even though their object-files do not contain any descriptive information to identify the object in question. The segmentation processes which individuate the proto-objects are the causal link which grounds the mental perceptual demonstrative in the world directly, thus fixing its referent. The segmentation processes which individuate the proto-objects are the causal link (the information they process is not conceptual) which grounds the mental perceptual demonstrative in the world directly, thus fixing its referent. In this sense, according to Raftopoulos, perception puts us in a de re relation with the world, that is it puts us in direct contact with the object, without the mediation of a description which identifies the object. Once again, the parsing of a visual scene into discrete proto-objects is carried out according to the innate operational constraints of the visual system.
Raftopoulos's dismissal of semantic constructivism relies on the claim that perceptual states link us with the world directly, or, put differently, that perceptual states have non-conceptual content (chapter 4). His argument for the existence of such content is straightforward: the existence of cognitively encapsulated visual mechanisms (which Raftopoulos has established in the first half of the book) is both a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of non-conceptual content. In other words, once one accepts the former, one thereby has to accept the latter as the content of early visual states. Since early vision is constituted by both 'sensation' and 'perception', Raftopoulos further claims that sensory states are both non-conceptual and non-representational, while perceptual states are non-conceptual and representational, in the coarse sense of being presentations of object-types rather than object-tokens.
On this view, conceptual content is not arrived at by introspecting non-conceptual content. Rather, they are different types of content, formed at different stages of visual processing and subserved by different mechanisms. In particular, non-conceptual content depends on the feedforward sweep and the local recurrent processing; conceptual content requires instead global recurrent processing. In the context of this general dichotomy between conceptual and non-conceptual content, Raftopoulos identifies a further distinction within non-conceptual content. As we have seen, non-conceptual content is not defined in terms of subjective awareness, but, rather, in empirical terms. When it comes to the question of whether there is any form of consciousness attached to non-conceptual content (chapter 5), Raftopoulos claims that there is a subset of non-conceptual content, that is perceptual content, of which one can be phenomenally aware. Again, phenomenal content (or awareness) is defined empirically as non-conceptual content in which local recurrent processing occurs. Phenomenal awareness is a different type of awareness from access or report awareness, which depends on global recurrent processing. Moreover, unlike report awareness, phenomenal awareness takes place before the onset of attention and it carries limited and unstable spatio-temporal information about proto-objects size, shape, orientation, color, motion, symmetrical and topological relations, and functional properties.
The perceptual states which we thus directly (non-conceptually) 'apprehend' bottom-up are different from what has been rejected as 'the myth of the given', that is raw, unstructured, sensations which result from the causal influence of the world on the senses and which constitute the non-epistemic basis upon which our conceptual capacities apply in order to yield our ordinary experiences. The difference between phenomenal content and the 'given' as traditionally interpreted is that, according to Raftopoulos, the former provides us with a structured (re)presentation of the external world (or, more properly, we receive a structured reality bottom-up via perception), where the 'structuring' is carried out by the operational constraints embedded in our perceptual mechanisms. In this sense, phenomenal content is not about one's experience of the world; rather, it is about the world as represented in one's experience. Accordingly, the content of a belief (or any other higher cognitive state) formed on the basis of phenomenal or perceptual content is not about one's internal states; rather, it is about the world directly.
Traditional reliabilism does not have the necessary resources for this aim. Although it is hardly disputable that perception successfully guides our actions, this is not enough to "deal with what is the decisive point for realism, namely whether perceptual content carves the world in the right places." (337) Thus, the crucial issue is to establish that perception successfully guides action because non-conceptual perceptual content veridically presents the real properties of physical objects.
Having analyzed some of the central theses put forth by Raftopoulos, we shall conclude with two critical remarks, one on the crucial empirical assumption upon which Raftopoulos's whole project rests and the second on his epistemological externalism.
It seems that Raftopoulos's thesis of the cognitive impenetrability of perception ultimately rests on his endorsement of a weak form of innatism, according to which there are some operational constraints in our visual processings which causally link perceptual states to worldly states of affairs. However, this proves not to be enough to articulate an adequate defense of realism, and Raftopoulos needs to further assume that such constraints carve up the world veridically. The argument in support of such assumption is that if it weren't so we would end up with a more complex explanation of why perception successfully guides action. Since the simplicity principle has a controversial status in the history of science, and given that it is not always applicable (as different formulations of quantum mechanics show), it seems that Raftopoulos's project would be strengthened by a more thorough defense of this assumption (and of his innatist thesis more generally) which is crucial for the success of his project.
On the epistemological side, the fact that Raftopoulos's externalism is empirically grounded in the cognitive encapsulation of perception doesn't seem enough to dispense it from answering some of the traditional objections to externalism. More specifically, there seems to be a gap between Raftopoulos's claim that there is a causal link between empirical states, non-conceptual content and conceptual content and his theoretical assumption that the subject doesn't need to know what justifies her epistemic deliberations in order for them to be justified. It is not clear, in other words, how the former empirical claim grounds the latter (meta)epistemological claim.
To conclude, my comments are not to detract in any way from the many merits of Raftopoulos's work, which should be mostly welcomed by both empirically minded philosophers and philosophically minded scientists.
Simone Marini is Ph.D. candidate in the School of Philosophy at UC Dublin.


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You Worried Too Much
5 Reasons Why You Shouldn't Feel Required To Justify Yourself
In the back of every person's mind, a subconscious substrate of all thought and emotion is mixing around, either clear and functional, or tangled up and suppressed.
In other words, all the things that happen to us throughout the day and the way we are treated by everyone, it builds up in the back of the mind and really has a profound effect on us.
Sometimes it's even a delayed reaction.
You might be the more kind and giving person in a relationship of friendship, and when that isn't reciprocated, it could leave a genuine, long-lasting feeling of being taken advantage of: that type of thing really builds up.
This article should help explain why you have every right to do whatever you want in life, even if your friends and family initially don't respect your right to choose your own path.
1. It doesn't matter who is "right," it's your life
There is a such thing as objective morality, but when it comes to your life path and decisions you make, you're the only person who is correct: it's your choice.
When someone tries to coerce you into following a path that your gut and your intuition does not feel, that's just what the situation is: coercion.
Make no mistake, someone can be as polite and kind as they want, but they're still trying to coerce you to some extent if they're trying to insist you take a path in life you don't want to, like working toward a college degree for years.
In life, it's objectively necessary that we work as hard as we can to earn these paper notes we use to buy food.
It's certainly true that taking the path of going against the "grain" of the system and rejecting school may be difficult for some, but some of us are simply not destined for the mainstream path at all.
People who go their own way deserve the respect and support of their family and friends, not persistent, pushy and disrespectful attempts to persuade them to go on a different path.
Some people have no concept of what respect truly is, and if they follow mainstream culture, they may have no self respect either.
2. You don't necessarily owe anyone anything
When people try to act like you owe them something, or get you in this position where you're subservient to them in subtle ways, that's really not right.
Of course, there's nothing wrong with co-dependency and intimate closeness in whatever kind of relationship you would like, but when people try to treat you like this without offering anything in return, there's a problem.
Why do people even care what you do in life? When people are told to mind their own business and respect your right to live however you want, it's healthy.
It makes you feel free and strong as you should be, cleansing you of the repressed feelings you may be afflicted with from growing up in public school and in the system.
3. Is everybody right about everything?
Everybody who tries to tell you what to do, what do they really know? What do they know that you don't?
Absolutely nothing most of the time: depending on those who you surround yourself with and where you grew up, there may be all kinds of people around you trying to tell you how to live your life.
It's no exaggeration to say it's psychologically damaging, hindering to one's self-esteem and free expression, the free flow of all thought and inspiration, to be constantly told what to do and how to live life.
4. Pointless authority crushes free expression
What's that feeling you get, when in the back of your mind you feel hesitation about doing something because of some authority?
You might not even be breaking any laws or rules, but a feeling of hesitation, clutter is present in your subconscious, just about something you want to do that you should have every right to do.
What is that? It's the consequence of excessive authority, a culture of stringent regulation, and this psychologically damaging culture of regulation may be designed to do just that.
Free expression is severely hindered by authority and unnecessary regulation, and the consequences seem to far outweigh any potential chaos caused by a lack of regulation.
To solve this problem, that tangled subconscious, the feeling of hesitation you shouldn't even have, you might have to break out of it and make a point to never hesitate.
Never fail to assert yourself, never fail to do what you want with morality and respect with you, and that cluttered feeling should start to heal.
5. Communication is a product of respect
It's certainly true that a healthy level of communication and explaining your reasoning for doing things in life is conducive to a good friendship, and a really healthy relationship.
However, are you really obligated to explain your reasoning for everything? No matter what kind of pressure the people you know place upon you to do things a certain way, you are your own person.
As a general rule, maybe the amount you communicate your reasoning to people should be based on their level of respect for you. Why even explain what you're doing in life if people are going to disrespect you?
Or you could take the route of explaining anyway, because that's what you want to do, regardless of their reaction. In any case, doing whatever you want in life with consideration to your own morality is a freeing, cleansing thing.
In conclusion, there are a lot of things in life these days that seem specifically designed to hinder the free expression of the human spirit.
Asserting the will to live however you want doesn't have to be any extreme, hedonistic thing, or anything that conflicts with respect and consideration for the ones you love: it's about their respect for you.
You deserve respect and the ability to live life how you want, and if the people around you love you, depending on the circumstances they should appreciate what makes you happy.
You would be surprised at how many people report sightings and apparitions of ghosts. However, some people are more prone to make these reports than others. For example, some studies show that almost half of widowed elderly Americans see a hallucination of their departed spouse. So are they are real or they just hallucinations we dream of during emotionally intense periods?
That's a hard question to answer because the definition of seeing ghosts can depend on the person. If we a define it as "sensing a presence" then it can be as simply as just feeling rather than actually "seeing." Thsi can happen in all kinds of states like when you're awake, or asleep, and when you're grieving or just focused enough to notice. In all cases, science can now explains why ghosts can be seen by some people, and not others.
The Fear Of Ghosts Itself
darksouls1 / Pixabay Via canva
Some people are scared of the paranormal. It's not necessarily the ghosts themselves that make them feel uneasy, but the meeting of the unknown and the possibility of something they don't understand that defies the laws of nature as they've come to understand it. For that reason, these people don't particularly enjoy darkness, thunderstorms, or horror stories. However, the brain is funny that way. It's possible that it's the fear itself that tricks the mind into interpreting certain events as "paranormal.' This could be because the mind is already oriented towards that risk. Think of it like when you go do a presentation and work yourself up so you forget all your lines.
On the other hand, those who don't give much thought to ghosts, aren't opening themselves up to the possibility of seeing them. So chances are, even if ghosts are real and have shown themselves to them, these people likely brushed it off with a more rational explanation.
Inability To Breath Properly
Nia Koepfer / Unsplash
We take our ability to let the breath in and back out naturally for granted. However, when you actually bring awareness to the breath you can control its speed which can have good or harmful effects on your mind and body. For some people, breathing is actually harder because their brains don't get enough oxygen to operate properly. This could be developed with habits like smoking which is known as cerebral anoxia.
When the brain is deprived of oxygen it can start to play tricks on the mind. It'll see things that aren't there or hear voices that aren't present. These hallucinations can feel like out-of-body experiences and mimick ghost sightings and other paranormal activity.
Being Exposed To Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Daniel Ramos / Unsplash
Usually, paranormal sightings are accompanied by physical systems like dizziness, nausea, and shortness of breath. Do you know what else causes these symptoms? Carbon monoxide poisoning. So when people report that their house is haunted, they probably should also double-check that their monoxide detector is working well.
This odorless gas often goes undetected despite sometimes having fatal repercussions. People who have been infected by the poisoning are more prone to hallucinations that make them believe in ghosts.
High Stress Situations
Francisco Moreno / Unsplash
A study tried to find the differences between people who have never had a paranormal experience and those who have. They found that supernatural experiences most likely happened in threatening or ambiguous environments. This means that stress was often a factor and the more in danger a person felt, the more likely they were to "see ghosts."
For example sailors, mountain climbers, and polar explorers often come home with vivid stories of ghosts following them, living in abandoned ships, or sending them rescuers. These people were often in life or death situations that amplified their sense of a paranormal presence
Inability To Sleep Properly
Ann Danilina / Unsplash
One of the easiest ways to start losing your mind and ability to tell reality from distortion is by losing enough sleep. Eventually, insomnia takes over the sleep-deprived mind to play all kinds of tricks. Sleep is vital for a sharp mind and alert sensations.
The less sleep they have the more likely a person is to lose their sense of reality and get lost in a world they deem paranormal. Maybe this is the only time they're able to let go of the conditioning that prevents them from seeing ghosts. Maybe that's why children have an easier time seeing them and then grow out of it. Or maybe these people just need more sleep.
Being Surrounded By Technology
NASA / UNsplash
In today's day and age, it's almost impossible to escape technology. We're surrounded by electrical appliances, televisions, phones, even if they aren't our own. To operate, these technologies create strong electromagnetic fields around them. Studies have shown that these electromagnetic fields interfere with our biological setup such as the electromagnetic field which our minds create.
Some people are more impacted and exposed to these effects, making them more prone to conjuring up ghosts. Keep in mind, that often reports of ghost sightings tell stories of ghosts who disrupt these fields such as by randomly turning on the tv or increasing the volume on the radio on their own
Living In Isolation Or Unusual Circumstances
Sasha Freemind / Unsplash
Similarly as when experiencing high levels of stress people who have become isolated in an extreme or found themselves in unusual environments were more likely to "see ghosts" This is probably due to their need to feel like someone or something else was also with them as a coping mechanism.
Usually, they can't describe the experience in detail but out's more of a vague feeling they remember like someone was watching them. ,
Looking Inwards
Annie Spratt / Unsplash
A study proposed that we spend a lot of time processing the sensations from the world around us. But when we encounter a sensation that we're unprepared to process, like extreme loneliness or survival, we start to look inwards. This means that our greatest perception ability is the one we find in ourselves. If you're looking for more information on how you experience the world around you specifically, then you'll need your own zodiac reading
Take a quick zodiac reading here to find out what your universe has to say about you right now. Understand your purpose and your potential so that you can take control of your emotions, your life, and your future by clicking HERE.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tesla says driver was at fault in fatal Model X accident (TSLA)
Tesla said in a statement that the fatal Model X accident would not have happened if the driver was paying attention.
The company said the driver knew Autopilot was not perfect.
Tesla said in a statement Wednesday that the only way last month's fatal Model X accident could have occurred was if the driver was not paying attention.
Tesla also said that the driver, Walter Huang, "was well aware that Autopilot was not perfect."
The accident, which happened in Mountain View, California, occurred while the vehicle's semi-autonomous Autopilot software was engaged. Tesla had previously said the driver, Walter Huang, received multiple warnings to put his hands on the wheel in the six seconds before the crash and indicated a shortened impact attenuator increased the damage to Huang and the vehicle. Huang died after being taken to the hospital.
Now, Tesla is stating that Huang must not have been paying attention for the accident to have occurred.
Tesla says the driver was at fault
"We are very sorry for the family's loss," a Tesla spokesperson told Business Insider in a statement.
"According to the family, Mr. Huang was well aware that Autopilot was not perfect and, specifically, he told them it was not reliable in that exact location, yet he nonetheless engaged Autopilot at that location. The crash happened on a clear day with several hundred feet of visibility ahead, which means that the only way for this accident to have occurred is if Mr. Huang was not paying attention to the road, despite the car providing multiple warnings to do so.
"The fundamental premise of both moral and legal liability is a broken promise, and there was none here. Tesla is extremely clear that Autopilot requires the driver to be alert and have hands on the wheel. This reminder is made every single time Autopilot is engaged. If the system detects that hands are not on, it provides visual and auditory alerts. This happened several times on Mr. Huang's drive that day.
"We empathize with Mr. Huang's family, who are understandably facing loss and grief, but the false impression that Autopilot is unsafe will cause harm to others on the road. NHTSA found that even the early version of Tesla Autopilot resulted in 40% fewer crashes and it has improved substantially since then. The reason that other families are not on TV is because their loved ones are still alive."
The drivers family plans to sue Tesla
Huang's family disagrees with Tesla's characterization of the crash and plans to sue the company, according to ABC7 News. Huang's wife, Sevonne, told the station Huang mentioned Autopilot's difficulties near the site of the crash multiple times.
"I just want this tragedy not to happen again to another family," she told ABC7 News.
The National Transportation Safety Board is investigating the crash, which marks the agency's second investigation this year involving a Tesla vehicle.
The first came in January, aftera Model S hit a fire truck in California while Autopilot was activated. The fire truck was parked in the emergency lane on the side of the highway while responding to a prior accident,according to The Mercury News.
In September, the NTSBdetermined that Autopilot was partly responsiblefor a fatal 2016 accident involving a Model S.


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Astrology Rashifal
December 9 Horoscope Today – Daily Horoscope – 9th December 2022
December 9 Horoscope Today – A horoscope is a prediction based on astrological charts and planets. It provides you an insight into your day and helps you in managing your day better. A personal horoscope is based on a person's birth date, time, and day. However, a general horoscope on the basis of sun signs gives you an idea about your day! If you want to know how your day is going to be, you can follow the daily horoscope based on sun signs.
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Find below today's horoscope for all sun signs!
Expect a hectic day and allow yourself plenty of time to deal with it. Today, some of your coworkers may be feeling down and uneasy. Don't worry too much about air pollution. They could be acting out of rage or arrogance. Spend no time arguing about anything. This will eventually fade. Recognize the significance of learning to ignore, and everything will be fine.
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Your coworkers appear to be causing problems for everyone, so it's best if you stay away from them. By keeping to yourself today, you can avoid being sucked into the workplace turbulence of others. Your superiors will notice and appreciate your maturity and competence at work. Do something to motivate others to follow in your footsteps.
December 9 Horoscope Today
You feel a surge of physical vitality and enthusiasm as you get closer to achieving even greater material success. This may inspire you to put in more effort to advance further. You might even consider broadening your horizons. A trip could also be in the works. Make sure to carefully weigh your options before deciding on how to proceed.
If your professional life has been stressful recently, today is a good day to relax and unwind. You might not feel like putting forth much effort right now. If you take a break from your job and focus on something completely unrelated, you may find that when you return to it, you are more productive.
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Taking a stand for what you want to achieve in your career can be intimidating if you lack the confidence to articulate your goals. In any case, you'll be able to muster the courage to be open about your professional goals and desires. The encouragement you will receive from people you least expect to be on your side at work may be the most convincing evidence that you should pursue your goals.
Have a good time at work today. Today may appear to have a plethora of tasks awaiting your attention. There is a chance that assignments will begin to fall like flies. As you and your coworkers discuss your lofty ideas, your conversations may take on a life of their own.
Now is the time to put your wits to the test. Your job description may be changing in unexpected ways that you aren't prepared to handle. Change, as frightening as it may be, has brought you to this point for a reason. You've grown too comfortable with your current set of skills. You might be thinking about changing careers to reawaken your passion for what you do.
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You might be feeling unusually upbeat about your professional prospects right now. The opportunities you take advantage of shortly will significantly shape your career path. In any case, you're in an excellent position to begin making your dreams a reality, which may give you renewed hope for your professional future.
It's time to express yourself. You've become increasingly adept at asserting yourself in endearing ways. Striking a balance between being liked and being in charge is one possible path to leadership success. As a result, you may feel more confident about where you want to take your skills in the workplace.
You are very close to achieving your objectives. Maintain your focus and disregard the passage of time. You may feel as if your day is overly structured, but know that it is for your good. Today, your keen sense of responsibility will come in handy as you dive headfirst into your task.
The ability to remain calm under pressure is a valuable asset in any workplace. As a result, you will be presented with opportunities for advancement and other types of career advancement. You have the skills your boss is looking for, and you can deliver the results he or she requires.
Today, you should question the veracity of anything with which you disagree. Others may be making assumptions about you and your actions based on the evidence available. Bring peace to the situation by allowing people to see the truth and understand what is motivating them. Be cautious of what you say and do, as words can carry a lot of weight.
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Disclaimer: The astrology predictions are the opinion of one person based on his or her training and experience in Astrology. Another Astrologer's opinion on any particular point might differ. The predictions should not be used as a substitute for advice, programs, or treatment that you would normally receive from a licensed professional, such as a lawyer, doctor, psychiatrist, etc. Tentaran.com/ ICE Digitals Private Limited makes no warranties or representations regarding the accuracy or significance of any aspect of the Astrological predictions and cannot be held responsible for any interpretation or use that may be made of it.
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9 December 2022 ke Mukhya Samachar – पढ़ें देश, दुनिया,खेल और टीवी बॉलीवुड 9 दिसंबर के ताजा समाचार →
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Ohhh boy, now we're getting deep into what made Year II special.
The murmur set: Murmur, Palpitation, Irregular, Flutter, and Arrhythmia all revolve around this tiny microcosm I've built that starts with stained class and moon crabs.
This was the kickoff point for Year II, autumn of 2015.
We'll take it from the top, beginning with Murmur.
Okay, this one we might go piece by piece because the first stanza is a headscratcher: "I calculate, analyze, and extrapolate/ I weigh the odds, perceive the risk/ Make motions when I see fit/ Carefully measured in every decision".
Tonally, to set up the entire poem, this was a strange move on my part. The second stanza would have much better started the piece: "You ushered me to accept my brand/ That which I had neglected for years/ I never had thought of it as pretty/ But it's a tag that can save my life".
This one is pretty nice and stylistically thought through. Brand being a set of dog tags. Why, like the ones pictured!
Symbols in this one are heavy and nearly immediately hitting. We get from stanza three a butterfly wing, and art on white walls. We'll hold off on discussing the rest of the symbols until we've gone into the stanza's content and look at word choices.
Where the meaning is possibly the brand giving the user power? Some kind of comfort? Drive?
Stanzas 5 and 6 goes on to describe how the spoken-to of the poem is responsible for providing that drive in one form or another.
Oh, man, this one gets my creative blood boiling. This is probably another one of the best stanzas I've ever had the opportunity to pen.
We've got a lot of internal rhyme mixed with an ABCC style end rhyme, and a 9/9/8/7 syllable set in iambic meter. This is likely the most technical stanza under my belt.
As well as having that moniker, this stanza also sets into motion the real density behind what makes this boxed set what it is. We now have a crowded coastline and the goal: the search for glass.
With the follow up stanzas going back to reference the butterfly, the white blanched walls, and the desire to use this brand to expose the truth. It's interesting to see that sentiment reflected in me as far back as October 2015. Not often you can see the rings in the tree of thought.
We also have a line that references "war prizes" which isn't a main part of this box set, but it is another piece. You can check that one out here, but we won't be discussing it any further in this rehash.
Meant to ground the poem. That in all the binding of glass, there's so much to remember and immortalize. You have to remember where you came from to keep going.
And with that, we move on to Palpitation.
Palpitation was created as a later response to Murmur, 11 months later, and sought to expand on the pocket dimension I elaborated on earlier. Of coastlines and all that stuff.
So we can see that since writing Murmur, my perspective on the subject content has changed quite drastically. The memories aren't responsible for the destruction of the windows we made from the glass I once found. We follow that in stanza 2 with the description of the moon and tides, and in stanza 3 we get even further with tidepools and the residents of this odd place: moon crabs. Which, if you've never owned and taken care of moon crabs, they're adorable.
The reason I specifically included them was because of the handy lunar and tidal references, but also because moon crabs look otherworldly. If you felt like the world of the Murmur Box was not of this rock, then I hoped to drive that point home by mentioning the purple and orange creatures.
The speaker from Murmur is now dead. Now that the speaker is dead, there's no need to continue to bind glass and relive those memories in pursuit of creation. Life goes on without them, "No more murmurs/ but palpitations".
So the titles aren't anymore in reference to the feeling inside, the murmur of emotion when you need to make things to cope. This is the march of time idealized as an ocean with a pulse. An irregular one, but a pulse nonetheless. Even though there is no one there, it lives on.
Where we close that section of the story with more of the ocean's blood. Murmur written in 10/15, Palpitation written in 9/16, with Irregular and Flutter following in 10/16. The next one was written in December of 2017.
The march of Murmur continues in Arrhythmia.
The realm of the Murmur Box is now ancient. Time has been kind to it, preserving the coast, but it's much different now.
"Infinity is our half-life" says the speaker now, referencing "our" as if the speaker is now the coast itself. At least, that's how I choose to look at it.
We circle back to the lotuses first seen in Palpitation. It's been a long time, but this is a familiar sight. It's covered in sheer ice, but they're still shining somehow.
This place is even more ethereal now, but not even the moon crabs are here. It's been completely overtaken by whatever nature claims this place.
We throw in a reference to the series so far, and then end in the last stanza: "Shape of the waves/ Beating on return/ To the same coast/ But stained differently" We never quite reach the unhinged capacity of Murmur, but the tale has lived on through 2 years.
It's been a journey filled with moon crabs, tidepools, butterflies, lotuses, the heart of an ocean, glass as sand, and etheric glittery fog in the canopies of crystallized trees. Now that I'm reading it back, this place has definitely seemed to age as time out-of-poem has progressed.
I sit here wondering what backstory is relevant. I mean, how do you start explaining the inspiration to something so… out there? I supposed I've done it before, but this one is so much simpler that it almost doesn't bear mentioning. Almost.
Murmur was a love letter. About being told I should wear my dogtags because people in my life suddenly cared about me. Those tags harbored medical information that would be vital to EMTs if I ever found myself in the care of professionals. That person wanted me to wear those tags, which has already seen so much history in my life, and that woke up a ton of thoughts about what history those brass tags might have yet to see. A year later, I had formed a different perspective, and had updated tags. And a year later, still, my perspective on them had changed again.
The titles are references to heart conditions, which is what I had described the feeling of romance as before. When you look at the person you love and for no other reason does your heart kick into gear, and your eyes dilate. It's an irregularity. A murmur of the heart in a strictly metaphorical sense. My lungs are the things that are messed up, not by heart.
But long after Murmur was written (as you can see in the timeline), the series no longer had that specific connotation. We're still worried about symbols like the butterflies as kisses, and the brand as my dogtags. The Murmur Box moved on as a place, and it evolved the whole way through the experience that was those years.
That being said, there are more iterations to this series. I know for a fact there's at least two more I have to write. But I'm running out of synonyms for heart conditions.
I'm glad I took a look at these! The timeline was a real trip to look back at again, and I'm happy to have stumbled across that one technical stanza in the midst of this convoluted plot. I'll have to do something with that one.
Hope you've enjoyed this rehashing! This one's been in the works since Arrhythmia was written in December. This one has been particularly interesting to look at, with a lot more content referencing itself than the last one we went over, Solar Flytrap.
Next up: we're looking at Years and Years or Death6ish! Have yet to decide!


1. A thin rectangular piece of fabric for a bed, often used in a pair with one sheet below and one sheet above a person.
a. A broad, thin, usually rectangular mass or piece of material, such as paper, metal, glass, or plywood.
b. A flat or very shallow, usually rectangular pan used for baking.
3. A broad, flat, continuous surface or expanse: a sheet of ice.
4. A moving expanse: a sheet of flames.
5. A newspaper, especially a tabloid.
6. Computers A single page of rows and columns constituting a subunit of a spreadsheet.
7. Geology A broad, relatively thin deposit or layer of igneous or sedimentary rock.
8. A large block of stamps printed by a single impression of a plate before the individual stamps have been separated.
9. Mathematics A surface of revolution generated by revolving a hyperbola about one of its two symmetric axes.
1. To cover with, wrap in, or provide with a sheet.
2. To make into sheets.
To flow or fall in a sheet: rain sheeting against the windshield.
Being in the form of a sheet: sheet aluminum.
1. A rope or chain attached to one or both of the lower corners of a sail, serving to move or extend it.
2. sheets The spaces at either end of an open boat in front of and behind the seats.
To extend in a certain direction. Used of the sheets of a sail.


There are plenty of experiences in imaging which make it hard to go back, and once of them is undoubtedly seeing a 4K resolution display for the first time. After this, 2K simply doesn't cut the mustard. And moving up to 4K for imaging professionals is becoming more of an imperative as the number of 4K video recording devices increases as well as, of course, ultra-high resolution still cameras in the range of 30 to 50 megapixels.
With its new 27-inch 4K (or Ultra HD) resolution LED backlit monitor, ViewSonic throws comparative affordability into the mix – if the VP2780-4K isn't exactly cheap, it delivers a lot of imaging performance for the money.
It's a smart-looking device with a matte-black finish, and is supplied with a stylish, three-legged stand which requires only the feet to be fitted out-of-the-box. This is done via a sturdy bayonet mount which, once locked in place, is secured via a screw so there's no chance of anything coming apart. Subsequently, the stand allows for a height adjustment of up to 15 centimetres, a 60-degrees swivel either left or right, and 28 degree of tilt (five forward and 23 back). Additionally, the whole screen can be pivoted through 90 degrees for either vertical or portrait format.
The panel is an In-Plane Switching (IPS) type display with a maximum definition of 3840x2160 pixels (i.e. UHD), and is calibrated before it leaves ViewSonic's manufacturing plant – that report is included in the supplied documentation. Delta E CIE colour calibration charts are provided for the sRGB, Native and EBU colour gamuts, along with Gamma 2.2 curve (brightness) and Grayscale Tracking (colour temperature stability) graphs. Subsequent adjustments are made to ensure the monitor can achieve the Delta E ≤2 standard of colour accuracy (i.e. a very low error count).
While, on paper, this may not mean all that much to the average user, the proof is in the pudding because our testing showed the factory set-up to be pretty close to the ideal with both accurate colour reproduction across the spectrum, and an impressively wide dynamic range – as evidenced by good tonality being retained in both the brightest highlights and darkest shadows. The AH-IPS panel technology also delivers an enhanced off-axis image quality so the viewing angle for this monitor is a very handy 178 degrees, both horizontally and vertically.
Using 10-bit RGB colour processing, the VP2780-4K can display up to 1.07 billion colours (from a palette of 4.39 trillion) to give 100 percent coverage of the sRGB colour space.
The screen's surrounding bezel is quite thin, helping maintain comparatively compact overall dimensions. On the right of the bottom edge is a line-up of five touch-sensitive keys – you only know that they're there because of their markings. They contribute to the monitor's very clean look externally, but in practice proved to be a bit temperamental, mostly needing several quite determined pushes before anything happened. These controls comprise the power on/off button, up/down keys for selecting various settings, and selectors for the main menu and the control screen.
At the rear ViewSonic provides a generous selection of connectivity options. The majority of the connections are arrayed along the base of the stand's mounting binnacle so the cables fall naturally away, while a pair of USB 3.0 ports are located on the side to allow the easy connection of portable devices such as jump drives. The main connection bay comprises one HDMI 2.0 port (for supporting 4K video up to 60Hz), two HDMI 1.4 ports (with charging), two 1.2a DisplayPorts (full size and mini), a further three USB 3.0 ports and a 3.5 mm headphone jack. This pretty much covers all requirements of even those photographers and video-makers who are likely to need more flexibility here than, say, a graphic designer.
Also useful is the provision of Multi-Picture modes for both picture-in-picture (PIP) or picture-by-picture (PBP) displays for up to four input sources, each at 1080p Full HD. There's a choice of seven colour presets including sRGB, Cool, Warm, Native and EBU (the European Broadcasting Union's colour standard for HD video production). There's also a selection of five gamma settings (1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6) for optimising the contrast ratio and colour saturation to the application (i.e. video, stills, graphic design, etc).
the wider Adobe RGB colour space; but this, of course, contributes significantly to the affordability.
Just being able to buy a 4K display in this screen size is a good start, especially for anybody who doesn't have a huge amount of desk space at their disposal. Then there's the clear performance benefits derived from the individually-performed factory calibration which is are spot-on – particularly for the sRGB and Native picture presets – resulting in exceptional colour accuracy and a pretty well perfect greyscale right from the start. The downside is a very limited scope for any manual calibration – rendering the User mode largely irrelevant – but this won't be an issue for anybody who just wants to get to work straightaway with a reliable display. Also praiseworthy are the excellent contrast, response speed and wide-angle viewing.
The VP2780-4K is also very well built and straightforward to use save for the occasionally 'sticky' touchpad, with some truly useful features for image-makers such as the PIP/PBP modes and big selection of inputs. It all adds up to a very attractive combination of performance and price which makes the move up to pro-level Ultra HD much easier on quite a number of levels.
Price: $1200 (estimated average street price).
The three-year warranty quoted in our original magazine review has now been increased to to an impressive four years.
Panel Type: 68.58 cm (27 inches) 'SuperClear' AH-IPS TFT LCD with LED backlighting.
Display Area: 596.74x335.66 millimetres (full scan). 16:9 aspect ratio.
Display Colours: 1.07 billion from a palette of 4.39 trillion.
Colour Range: 100 percent of sRGB.
Height Adjustment Range: 15.0 centimetres.
Mount Adjustments: -5-+23 degrees tilt, 60 degrees left/right swivel and 90 degrees pivot (for portrait format).
Connections: HDMI 2.0, HDMI 1.4 (2). Display Port 1.2a, Mini DisplayPort, USB 3.0 (5 in total), 3.5 mm headphone output.
Features: 14-bit LUT and 3D LUT, seven picture presets (sRGB, Bluish, Cool, Native, Warm, User and EBU), independent 6-axis colour adjustment (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta and Yellow), five 'ViewMode' settings (Game, Movie, Web, Text and Mono), PIP and PBP functions (for up to four inputs), adjustable 'Blue Light Filter'.
Dimensions (WxHxD): 642.9x469.7x347.9 mm (including stand).
Weight: 8.4 kilograms (including stand).
BenQ's displays are well-known, but the company is now also making photo monitors. Its 27-inch SW Series panel was good enough to win a 2016 TIPA Award.
An impressive picture at this price, with some well thought-out features such as the cowling over the cable bay and an extra HDMI input for PC sticks.
Simultaneous global launch for the new Nikon D750, the smallest and lightest Nikon FX-format camera yet available.


It is with deepest regret that we must cancel the Café series on Sacraments and Social Justice.
The Café team will be meeting May 22 at 6:30 PM to discuss the future offerings and programs of the CAFÉ ministry.
We are a group that meets periodically to exchange ideas, plan a series of presentations and host events at our parish.
The CAFÉ Ministry brings to the parish opportunities for "Adult Formation," by which adult Catholics consciously grow in the life of Christ through experience, reflection, prayer and study.
We sponsor and promote programs to help adult Catholics deepen their understanding of Jesus Christ as it applies to modern society.
We invite and enable adults to be in right relationship with God.
We help adults to consciously accept and grow in and through their commitment to the Christian community.
We enable adults to accept their rightful role as disciples of Christ who evangelize, hear the cry for justice, promote unity among Christians and bear witness to the salvation won by Jesus Christ for all.
At St. Hubert an adult program named Café is offered for all adults and high school students. The menu for Café changes every year.
CAFÉ has various opportunities throughout the year for adults to learn more about our faith through programs, guest speakers, and topic-specific series.
The cup of warm coffee with the Holy Spirit in its midst is meant to suggest that adult education/faith formation is inviting and enriching, offers nourishment and community, is engaging and adds meaning to life.
Jane Regan, a popular author and speaker has said, "Adults learn best when they are in conversation with other adults about things that matter."
We are looking for more people to help us plan next year's programs. We invite representatives from various age groups to join us. Become involved in the faith formation of our adult parishioners!


The Hike for the Homeless will begin and end on the Bangor Waterfront.
BANGOR — Beal College is a corporate sponsor for the Hike for the Homeless, taking place on April 6, 2019.
An initiative begun by the Bangor Area Homeless Shelter in order to help raise funds for its annual budget of almost $800,000, the Hike for the Homeless is in its 24th year.
Beal's sponsorship allows the college to register up to 15 hikers for the event, which will begin and end at the Bangor Waterfront. Registration will begin at 10 a.m., with the hike starting at 11 a.m., rain or shine. At noon, the event will wrap up with a barbecue and prizes.
The hike is open to participation by individuals, families and organizations.
According to Robin Tardiff, Director of Career Services at Beal College, several students and staff members at Beal also work at the Bangor Area Homeless Shelter. Participating in the Hike for the Homeless allows them to give back, and it also strengthens their many ties to the community.
State and federal funds account for just a third of the Shelter's budget. Donations raised by events such as the Hike help to make up the difference, and help keep the Shelter open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, offering food, a safe place to stay, and connections to crucial services for the thousands of individuals in our area who visit each year.
The 2017 Hike for the Homeless saw 1,100 participants and raised more than $37,000 for the Bangor Area Homeless Shelter.
For information or to get involved, contact Robin Tardiff at rtardiff@bealcollege.edu. To learn about the event, or to register online visit https://www.bangorareashelter.org/hike-for-the-homeless.


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Korn, Nickelback, Imagine Dragons Read Mean Tweets on 'Kimmel'
The Chainsmokers, Miley Cyrus, Halsey, the Strokes, Pink, ScHoolboyQ, G-Eazy and more were also subjected to online haters
Jimmy Kimmel has been turning the table on trolls with his "Mean Tweets" segment on Jimmy Kimmel Live! for years now, and he brought back the music edition of the segment last night (October 9).
The internet haters didn't discriminate between genre, attacking everyone from easy targets like Nickelback and the Chainsmokers, to indie-rock gods the Strokes, to hip-hop stars like ScHoolboy Q and G-Eazy, to pop giants like Miley Cyrus, Pink and Gwen Stefani.
Tyga, Imagine Dragons, Halsey, Jason Mraz, Luke Bryan, Jason Derulo, Dua Lipa, Elvis Costello and Luke Combs were also presented with some of Twitter's finest disses, and proceeded to read them out on camera.
Check out the silly clip down below.
More Korn
More Strokes
More Elvis Costello
More Nickelback
Jan 28 @ 7:00PM - Korn / Breaking Benjamin Montreal @ Bell Centre
Korn | Breaking Benjamin
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Strokes | Alvvays
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Nickelback | Stone Temple Pilots
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Country Home For Sale | Pushmataha Co.
If you're looking for a new home, this 3 bedroom, 2 bath house may be just for you! Set on 7± acres in the peaceful town of Moyers, OK you'll find the calm outdoors and wildlife Southeast OK is known for. Such as Whitetail Deer, Turkey, and many other furbearers. There is also a well stocked pond on the property ready for fishing. The home is in great conditon with all electric central heat and air. Plus convenient parking in the 2 car detached carport. Also the metal roof is less than a year old and new dual payne storm windows were replaced in September 2018.
Perfect for recreation and hunting, this property holds potential for everyone!
For more information, Contact Kam Harden at (918) 415- 4867 today!
As a native to southeast Oklahoma, Kam grew up in Daisy, Oklahoma on a working cattle ranch. She grew up feeding cattle, hauling hay, raising show calves and sheep.
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Is Barrick Gold Doomed?
November 21, 2016 daniel	$2.648 billion in cash and short-term investments, Barrick Gold (NYSE: ABX), Barrick Gold's chances of growth are zilch, Barrick Gold's Revenue Collapse, Barrick's revenues have declined every quarter for almost four years, Barrick's revenues have fallen by nearly $6 billion, Is Barrick Gold a Good Investment?, Is Barrick Gold Doomed?, Is Barrick Gold Making Money?, Narenda Modi
India's prime minister; Narenda Modi, might have doomed mining companies like Barrick Gold (NYSE: ABX). In a surprise move on November 8, Modi made 84% of the cash in India worthless by withdrawing the 500 and 1,000 rupee bills from circulation.
That is very bad news for struggling gold miners; because one of the main uses for those bills in India is to purchase gold, mostly in the form of jewelry. Indians buy around 1,000 tons of gold with cash a year; in an effort to protect their money from the government, according to The Economic Times.
A major reason why Modi killed his nation's two largest banknotes was to stop the flow of cash out of the economy and into gold. That might be sound economic policy; but is potential disaster for Barrick and his competitors because India is the world's largest market for gold.
If the Prime Minister can pull the plug on India's gold driven "black economy" he might strike a fatal blow to gold miners. That would occur because without India, gold prices are likely to go into free fall.
Barrick Gold's Revenue Collapse
That might be the end of Barrick Gold; which is already in very sorry shape. The miner's stock was trading at $15.46 a share on November 21, 2016, and its revenues were in collapse.
Barrick's revenues have declined every quarter for almost four years, since September 2012 to be exact. Back then Barrick reported TTM revenues of $14.05 billion, which rose to $14.44 billion in December 2012.
By September 2016; less than four years later, Barrick reported revenues of $8.477 billion. My calculations indicate that Barrick's revenues have fallen by nearly $6 billion ($5.963 billion to be exact) in less than four years.
This indicates that there is little chance of growth at Barrick particularly with India's gold market potentially shuofft; and a gold price of $1,227.70 an ounce on November 16, 2016. To make matters worse, a booming stock market is pulling money out of precious metals and into equities.
Is Barrick Gold Making Money?
Okay, so Barrick Gold's chances of growth are zilch, but is it making money? Is this company potentially a value investment?
The answer to the first question is a definite no, Barrick Gold reported a net income of -$2.392 billion, on September 30, 2016. That was 15th straight quarter that Barrick gold reported a loss, its net income has been negative since December 2012, ycharts data indicates.
Despite that Barrick was able to retain a lot of cash at the end of third quarter 2016 including: $2.648 billion in cash and short-term investments, $2.627 billion in cash from operations and a free cash flow of $674 million. The company still has some float, largely because it can still raise a lot of cash by selling the precious metals it mines.
Even with substantially lower prices gold can still be quickly turned into a lot of cash at $1,227 an ounce. That gave Barrick a profit margin of 7.62% at the end of third quarter 2016. Even with a negative income, Barrick can make enough money to survive, although it might not be able to do much more.
Is Barrick Gold a Good Investment?
Despite that Barrick Gold is not a good investment because of the low share price and lousy return on equity. Its investors were punished with a return on equity of -30.68% and an earnings per share (EPS) ratio of -2.05 at the end of third quarter.
This occurred because of the terrible share price which offsets any income they would get from the dividend yield of .52% from November 21. Barrick investors are scheduled to collect a dividend of 2¢ a share on November 28, 2016.
That is a very pour exchange for the nearly one third of share value they have lost in recent years. To make matters worse even the dividend is down, back in May 2015, Barrick was paying a dividend of 5¢. As recently as February 2013, the stock paid a 20¢.
This means there's no real way investors can make money off this stock right now. Stay away from Barrick because the company was doing terribly before Modi declared war on cash. If India's prime minister continues with his present economic policies, he will destroy Barrick and many other gold miners.
Now is the time to stay away from the gold-mining sector. It is not going to recover for a long time even if India's policies change radically. Sell any gold stocks you own, the sector is in total meltdown.
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Home College Archives Minutes 4-3
Minutes No. 4
Minutes 4-3
• -3- •
The credentials of five applicants for the position had been circularized among members of the Board. Dr. Fred Wellman was asked to comment on the selection procedure and to advise us of any other information about the applicants which he felt would be appropriate in bringing the· selection of a president to a satisfactory conclusion.
First of all, he indicated that Dr. George Hodson had requested that his name be removed from the list of applicants therefore leaving four names to be considered. He also briefed the Board on.the process followed by the State Board in selecting the five sets of credentials before us.
Dr. Wellman then proceeded to give us information in depth about each candidate based on the investigations, interviews and/ or personal contacts of the State Personnel Committee of which Mr. D. Boyd Thomas
is a member who was also present as indicated above.
Mr. Thomas also made some comments relative to his impression of the applicants and further advised that one of the main determinants in attracting more applicants and perhaps more with considerable experience and other qualifications is the salary scale. He indicated that this is a matter which the State Department is vitally concerned with and is making efforts to make adjustments. However, until such time as this is affected, we will have to seek applicants who are qualified and willing to accept the present scale.
The Board expressed its appreciation to Dr. Wellman and Mr. Thomas for the valuable information and called on them for clarification and interpretation of State Policy throughout the lengthy dialogue which ensued.
The Board Members during the dialogue, gave their impressions and views relative to the qualifications, strengths and weaknesses of each candidate and raised very vital questions as related to the responsibilities
of a chief administrator for the College.
After a discussion relating to interviews with the candidates, on motion, it was passed that the four candidates be brought in for interviews. Chairman Butler and Dr. Wellman agreed to make the necessary contacts and plan for the interviews within the next two weeks. The normal expenses of these interviews are to be paid by the State. Chairman Butler said that he would work out the details of the interviews depending upon the availability
of the members of the Board.
Title Minutes No. 4
Title.Alternative Minutes No. 4. The Advisory Board of the Thomas Nelson Community College
Creator Thomas Nelson Community College. College Board
Subject (Local) College Board
Description Minutes from the College Board meeting of June 12, 1967. Includes minutes and other documents (budgets, reports, etc.) that were distributed with the meeting.
Category Documents
Coverage United State; Virginia; Hampton
Identifier cbm1967-06-12
Title Minutes 4-3
Transcript • -3- • The credentials of five applicants for the position had been circularized among members of the Board. Dr. Fred Wellman was asked to comment on the selection procedure and to advise us of any other information about the applicants which he felt would be appropriate in bringing the· selection of a president to a satisfactory conclusion. First of all, he indicated that Dr. George Hodson had requested that his name be removed from the list of applicants therefore leaving four names to be considered. He also briefed the Board on.the process followed by the State Board in selecting the five sets of credentials before us. Dr. Wellman then proceeded to give us information in depth about each candidate based on the investigations, interviews and/ or personal contacts of the State Personnel Committee of which Mr. D. Boyd Thomas is a member who was also present as indicated above. Mr. Thomas also made some comments relative to his impression of the applicants and further advised that one of the main determinants in attracting more applicants and perhaps more with considerable experience and other qualifications is the salary scale. He indicated that this is a matter which the State Department is vitally concerned with and is making efforts to make adjustments. However, until such time as this is affected, we will have to seek applicants who are qualified and willing to accept the present scale. The Board expressed its appreciation to Dr. Wellman and Mr. Thomas for the valuable information and called on them for clarification and interpretation of State Policy throughout the lengthy dialogue which ensued. The Board Members during the dialogue, gave their impressions and views relative to the qualifications, strengths and weaknesses of each candidate and raised very vital questions as related to the responsibilities of a chief administrator for the College. After a discussion relating to interviews with the candidates, on motion, it was passed that the four candidates be brought in for interviews. Chairman Butler and Dr. Wellman agreed to make the necessary contacts and plan for the interviews within the next two weeks. The normal expenses of these interviews are to be paid by the State. Chairman Butler said that he would work out the details of the interviews depending upon the availability of the members of the Board.
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Minutes 4 1


What's The Difference Between Streets, Lanes, Boulevards And Other Road Names?
Tis the holiday season, time to head over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house, and to unfamiliar parts of town or even new cities for parties and visits.
GPS and digital maps have it infinitely easier to navigate strange areas. But it's still helpful to know how to read a map and understand the conventions used for such purposes as laying out cities and naming roads. The folks at Vox recently created a video tutorial on the latter – and explanation of why roadways bear certain descriptors – avenue, street, parkway, et cetera.
It's interesting stuff. I think most of it really applies to larger older cities, like New York and Washington, DC where, yes, streets are indeed public thoroughfares that run perpendicular to Avenues. But a lot of these naming conventions go right out the window out in the suburbs, where a subdivision may have a parkway, a terrace and a drive – none of which meet the textbook definitions.
Here are a just a few things you'll learn from the video.
Plaza (Plz.): An open public place surrounded by businesses or streets.
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01/01/2019 | Top-notch bars/hotels in America you shouldn't miss out on this year.


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Home Health Healthy Living
Why it Pays to Be Happy
By Lisa Fields
You'll get more out of life if you go through it with a smile
Illustration: Ryan Todd
"Satisfaction with relationships is the strongest predictor of happiness we have," says Meik Wiking.
A major health scare was just what 48-year-old Kaye Newton needed to kickstart her transformation into a happier person. Before her illness, Newton, an author who lives in Nashville, was a self-described hypochondriac, always worrying about what pitfalls might be lurking in her future. But once she faced actual adversity, she learned how to change her perspective.
"Surgery helped me realize that worrying about my health doesn't protect me from illness or prepare me for an operation," Newton says. "I worry less now. I'm happier, and I consciously pay more attention to what is going on right now." Her book, Incision Decisions, deals with remaining positive after surgery.
The longer you live, the more likely you are to become a happier person. Countless research studies have shown that over a person's lifespan, happiness inhabits a U-shaped curve: We're happiest during childhood and old age. During early adulthood, happiness levels steadily decrease, bottoming out in our mid-40s. By age 50, our happiness levels are on the rise once again.
The dip on the happiness curve is understandable, given the stress and significant life changes that take place during our 20s, 30s, and 40s: Working long hours. Establishing a career. Getting married. Raising small children. Socking away money for the future. But what about the boost on the happiness curve? After living life for 45 or 50 years, the experience that we've gained helps us to put things in perspective.
"By the time we have lived six decades or more, most have seen that life has as many downs as ups," says Lisa F. Carver, an adjunct professor in the sociology department at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. "The optimism of youth, which can reflect a magical type of thinking that success in life is inevitable, is replaced by the reality that things aren't always good. However, there is also the understanding that good can come from bad.
"Learning to put life events in perspective can help you become happier as you age. And it pays to be happy: You'll see benefits in your relationships, your work, your health, your attitude, and other aspects of your life.
Happiness & Relationships
Do you have friends or relatives whom you can confide in? If you do, you're automatically happier than people who have no one to turn to for advice or companionship.
"Satisfaction with relationships is the strongest predictor of happiness we have," says Meik Wiking, CEO of the Happiness Research Institute in Copenhagen. "It comes up in happiness data all the time. Loneliness is one of the biggest challenges in the U.S. and also Europe and many other regions."
Research shows that people who are married or who live with their partners tend to be happier than unattached people, simply because they're less likely to be lonely."People who have someone to count on in times of trouble are happier than people who don't," says happiness researcher John Helliwell, an advisor to the Happiness Research Institute and professor emeritus of economics at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
"People who are married are more likely to have someone to count on than someone who isn't married."Helliwell's research has found that marriage gives a long-term boost to happiness, to the point where the midlife dip toward unhappiness isn't as pronounced among married people. The happiest people of all are those who consider their spouses to be their best friends.
Helliwell's research is the first to examine the intersection of marriage and friendship and its effects on happiness.
"Calling your spouse your best friend is another way of saying 'I've got a pretty happy marriage," Helliwell says. "It's not surprising if you think about it that way. They are happy about being married."
Carol Gee of Atlanta, Georgia, has been married to the same man for 44 years.
"I realize I am actually happy and not just staying in the relationship because we have invested so much time together," Gee says. "I don't believe in not being happy."
Happiness & Work
Researchers have studied job traits that lead to happiness and greater life satisfaction. Most people prefer a good work-life balance above all else.
"Variety and learning new things are important, but not as important as work-life balance," says Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, associate professor of economics and strategy at the University of Oxford's Saïd Business School. "If you feel that your job is preventing you from giving time to your family or partner, or if you worry about work problems even when you're not working, or if you're too tired after work to enjoy things, that has a massive effect on well-being."
Retirement, as expected, enhances happiness in most adults. "This is due to two things," De Neve says. "One is related to being able to do more, because the work-life balance shifts more to life. There's more time for leisure. The other item is that people start adapting their expectations, which may have been overly high when you started out. You accept the outcome of your life."
"Optimistic older adults have the ability to cope with the curve balls of life," says Lisa Carver. "They are resilient."
Happiness & Health
Live long enough and you'll likely experience illness or disability. But with the right attitude, these setbacks won't affect your happiness levels.
"We have learned from our study participants that aging with illness and loss are challenges that brought new insights and appreciation of life," Carver says.
Researchers in Italy found that people who have a positive perception of aging are happier than those that have a negative perception of aging.
"The positive perception of aging is not always correlated with having good health," says geriatric specialist Ligia Dominguez at the University of Palermo, one of the study authors. "In our everyday clinical practice, we witness touching examples of this human ability—called resilience—in the guise of many older persons who independently, or with family and/or social support, maintain a good quality of life and declare feeling well, in spite of their health ailments."
Happiness & Self-Care
Optimism and resilience can help you be happy into old age.
"The mechanism for the association between optimism and successful aging may very well be that optimistic older adults have the ability to cope with the curve balls of life," Carver says. "They are resilient. They express life satisfaction despite upset plans and losses, because they have adapted their expectations and have accepted that events that may logically be considered negative can have positive outcomes."
Life has taken Maggie Georgopoulos, 46, of Glasgow on a winding path through a number of jobs and continents, but she's found happiness in the life that she's created.
"My happiness comes from within me," Georgopoulos says. "Because I have created a path to the life that I would like to live, I am okay when things go wrong. This is because I can see the good that will eventually come."
Happiness Pointers for Life
If you're hoping to remain happy until your final days, researchers recommend the following:
• Adjust your attitude. You may not be able to control what happens to you, but you can control how you react.
"It is possible to develop the habit of seeing the positive side of things," Dominguez says. "Many people complain of not being happy, but they also do nothing to change it.
"Learning to be more optimistic is a good first step.
"Start by recognizing negative thoughts as they arise, and question them," Dominguez says. "For example: Is the situation really as bad as I think? Is there another way to approach it? What can I learn from this experience and apply it in the future?"
• Interact differently with your spouse. After decades together, many husbands and wives become so familiar with one another, they're not as kind to each other as they should be. This can lead to tension and unhappiness in a marriage, which affects daily happiness levels.
"It's not fair to treat your spouse as toughly as you treat yourself," Helliwell says. "Ask yourself: Is this the sort of behavior that I would use on a good friend? If you treat your spouse the way you treat your friend, it should involve less taking for granted and an increase of the positivity."
• Focus on what you have. If you're more frail or less mobile than you were years ago, be thankful that you still have your wits about you, when so many others suffer from dementia and memory loss.
"That is an excellent example of a positive and optimistic person who appreciates what she has instead of concentrating on what she does not have," Dominguez says. "Being grateful is part of cultivating a positive attitude. Looking for opportunities to savor the small pleasures of daily life, focusing on the positive aspects at that moment, without concentrating on the shadows of the past or bad thoughts that may upset the moment."
• Give back. After you retire, you'll find more purpose in life and have more reasons to connect with others on a regular basis if you volunteer in your community.
"It's beneficial to get more involved," Wiking says, "especially if you're at the stage when you're leaving your work behind, so all of your identity isn't attached to your profession."
Find a cause or an organization that's meaningful to you, then find out how you can help.
"I think people see volunteer work as good for other people, but we overlook the benefit we get out of it ourselves," Wiking says. "It's a way to make and meet new friends. It also, perhaps, helps people become more grateful for what they have, because some sorts of charity work expose you to how the other half lives."
This article was published in Reminisce Extra
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