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Затрапе́зные (также встречается Затрапезновы) — ярославская купеческая семья, несколько членов которой принимали участие в создании и развитии русской мануфактуры при Петре Великом и в накоплении личного, огромного по тому времени, богатства. Основатели и первые директора ярославской полотняной мануфактуры — одной из самых первых и крупных в их время в стране.

Происхождение
Ещё первый из известных по имени Затрапезных, Семён, был богатым ярославским купцом. Его сыновья Максим (1670 — ?) и Пётр (1675 — ?) владели в Ярославле несколькими домами и многими лавками, где торговали крашениной, коробейными и красильными товарами. Они выделялись из своей среды не только богатством, но и предприимчивостью и именно благодаря ей на Затрапезных обратил внимание Пётр Великий. Он посетил Ярославль в мае 1693, в июне 1694, в декабре 1696 и в мае 1702 года. По семейным преданиям, в одно из этих посещений Пётр Великий заметил бойкий ум тогда ещё мальчика Ивана Максимовича и решил обратить его на службу русской промышленности.

Иван Максимович
Иван Максимович Затрапезный (1695—1741) — купец гостиной сотни. Был самым видным из семьи Затрапезных. Один из создателей знаменитой полотняной фирмы Затрапезных в 1720 году. Наследниками всего огромного состояния Ивана Затрапезного были его дети: сын Алексей (1732), и замужние дочери, из которых старшая была замужем за майором Лакостовым, опекуном Алексея и управителем всех имуществ наследников Ивана Затрапезного, вторая, Сарра, — за Балашовым, третья, Сусанна, овдовевшая к 1744 году, — за Болотиным и четвёртая, Ева, — за Даниилом Яковлевичем Земским.

Дмитрий Максимович
Брат Ивана Дмитрий выделился из наследственной доли и в 1742 г. положил основание ярославской мануфактуре, получившей в отличие от старой большой наименование малой. Д. Затрапезный обладал сравнительно хорошим образованием и принадлежал к лучшему ярославскому обществу того времени. К нему езживали важные гости из Петербурга; с ним водил компанию Бирон во время своей ссылки в Ярославль (1742—1761). Мануфактура Д. Затрапезного имела 90 станов. Кроме неё, он устроил в 1750 г. в Ярославле первый колокольный завод и выливал колокола до 700 пудов весом. Умер он в 1756 году. У его сына Ивана Дмитриевича было 13 человек детей, которые в конце XVIII века продали своё ярославское имущество купцу Г. Углечанинову и переселились в Выборг.

Один из Затрапезных, должно быть из потомков Дмитрия Максимовича, которые существуют и доныне, был в свите великого князя Константина Павловича во время путешествия его в Париж и производил на встречавших его очень хорошее впечатление умом и умением себя держать.

Алексей Иванович
Вдова Ивана Затрапезного была слабоумная, пила запоем и буянила. Любимым её ребёнком была дочь Ева и её муж Даниил. Сын был в загоне; зятьёв Балашова и Лакостова она ненавидела и постоянно твердила о мужнином имуществе: «все Данилушкино». Молодой Затрапезный, угождая матери, «хотя по дурному воспитанию своему и по природе был очень глуп, однако Лакостова и Балашова ругать, а Земского хвалить твёрдо навык». Между тем единственный, кто действительно о нём заботился, был именно Лакостов. Видя его полную заброшенность дома, опекун определил его к учителю Жилкину «для обучения немецкому языку и арифметике». Позднее Лакостов намеревался послать Алексея, по примеру его отца, для науки за границу. Но Земской, «подкапываясь» под Лакостова, выкрал мальчика от учителя; «вместо честных наук купил ему голубей; держал его в доме своём в праздности и играх два месяца; возил его в Ярославль и, отлуча от наук, велел его там оставить без всякого призрения; юноша стал развращённым и непристойным, в самой пагубной праздности, ходя по улицам в непристойной одежде, а иногда в балахоне, играл с фабричными ребятами в бабки». По общему согласию Балашовой, Болотиной и Лакостова и по просьбе самого Алексея Затрапезного, его снова отдали в учение, а в 1747 году отправили для усовершенствования в науках в Ригу. Но Земской, не прекращая своих происков, искал вторично украсть шурина и даже с такою целью посылал своего человека в Ригу и переправил Алексею Затрапезному «воровское письмо от имени тёщи, которая писала, чтобы без её благословения не ездил за море, куда хочет послать его Лакостов».

При таком семейном положении Затрапезных не удивительно, что дела их понемногу приходили в упадок, но фирма ещё продержалась при Алексее Ивановиче и даже приобрела некоторый блеск. 5 марта 1762 г. Алексей Иванович за заслуги его отечественной промышленности был произведён в коллежские асессоры; 18-го мая того же года — в статские советники и назначен в московский банк. Родство его расширилось, и в числе его свойственников сказались князья Вяземские, Измайловы, Демидовы, Аничковы. Императрица Екатерина оказала ему высокое внимание и во время путешествий по Волге в 1763 году останавливалась в Ярославле в его доме и осматривала его мануфактуру.

В 1765 году случилось обстоятельство, сильно подвинувшее падение фирмы: Савва Яковлевич Яковлев или, как его тогда называли, Собакин, купил Большую ярославскую полотняную мануфактуру Затрапезных, насчитывавшую 2300 мужских и 2380 женских рабочих, за 60 000 рублей, то есть за чрезвычайно низкую цену. Современники и родственники Затрапезных обвиняли Яковлева в том, что он воспользовался порочными привычками и слабостью Алексея Ивановича и обманно вовлёк его в невыгодную сделку. Однако оставшаяся часть мануфактуры под фирмою Дмитрия Затрапезного оценивалась в 1774 г. в 80 000 рублей при общей оценке всех русских полотняных мануфактур в 780 000 рублей. Умер Алексей Иванович 1 октября 1773 г., и с ним прекратилось мужское потомство Ивана Максимовича Затрапезного, а торговый дом Затрапезных просуществовал до 1794 года.

См. также
 История Ярославля в XVIII веке
 Ярославская Большая мануфактура
 Затрапезная одежда
 Пошехонская старина (роман)

Примечания

Литература
 Грязнов А. Ярославская большая мануфактура (помещён портрет И. Затрапезного), 1910 г.
 Лобанов-Ростовский кн. А. Б. Земские и Затрапезные, представители купеческих фирм XVIII в. // Русская старина. — 1884, кн. І, XLI.

Купеческие династии
Купцы Ярославля
Затрапезные


This video shows you how to make a fun train cake from easy cake loaves. The tracks are pretzels, and the wheels, accessories, and cargo are all candies. Call it the Yummy Express! To get started, pick your favorite cake recipe, and some frosting. Then, head over to our blog to learn how to decorate cakes, including tips for cake decorating tools.


#1 Missing Travel Bug: Guacamole Sep 15, 2013 ... Not sure what happened here. This post dominated this month. Hopefully this is a sign that Guacamole will be found safe and sound, but this has not happened yet.
#2 Brewing and Drinking Jan 4, 2013 ... Have no idea why this post got so popular all of a sudden either. It was one of my posts for "The Session". Not my best either. I have not done one in awhile. I should really get back into these.
#3 #SexistPig but not Proud Of It Sep 19, 2011 ...This is not quite as much of a surprise, because it gets decent traffic every month, but this month it was a bit more popular than usual.
#4 Brew Dogs in "Denver" Oct 23, 2013 ... Actually a post I did this month. It did have a couple of crazy traffic days, but then came back down to reality. Have you been watching the show? It is really fun.
#5 Breast Flashing Cider May 18, 2012 ... Another one that is a bit of a surprise. This one (despite the fact that it contains the word "breast" right in the title) was never all that popular. This month, all of a sudden, it got a bit of traffic.
#6 Bottling the X-Mas Ale Nov 24, 2012 ... This one was the surprise of last month. I suppose it is in the list this month as a carry-over from last month.
#7 Tribute to #GABF Costumes Oct 5, 2013 ... This one is not a surprise. Not only was it written this month about the every popular topic of #GABF, but it also featured pictures of women with nice cleavage.
#8 2013 #GABF Members Session Oct 13, 2013 ... Did I mention that October was #GABF month?
#9 Geocaching up to St Mary's Glacier Aug 18, 2013 ... Another one I am surprised about. Maybe whoever was looking at #1 followed the "you may also like" link to this one.
#10 2013 #GABF Friday Night Oct 12, 2013 ... Did I mention that October was #GABF month? Yes, I did.
So, it was a bit of an unusual month. None of the usual popular posts showed up in the top 10. In fact, none of these are in the top-10-all-time list. For the first time for as long as I can remember, Female vs. Male Brain was not on this month's top 10. Neither was Don't read this pre- #GABF post.


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Farrer Primary School
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Curriculum Scope and Organisation
Our core business at Farrer is to develop academically, socially, emotionally and environmentally literate students. The Australian Curriculum encompasses learning in the areas of:
Each extensive integrated learning experience is designated and described using Big Understandings, specific concepts and key questions to ensure continuity and integrity of the programs. They are developed to match particular year groups.
Designing Learning Experiences
Teachers collaborate within each learning team to use the Learning by Design Framework to plan, select and sequence learning experiences. This framework moves students through a deliberate process where knowledge is extended, challenged, applied and refined.
Learning by Design Framework
Experiencing the known and the new
Conceptualising by naming concepts and theorising
Analysing interests and functions
Applying appropriately and creatively
Teachers evaluate the design of their programs in how they align with the beliefs of our Learning Platform.
The Australian Curriculum: English aims to ensure that students:
learn to listen to, read, view, speak, write, create and reflect on increasingly complex and sophisticated spoken, written and multimodal texts across a growing range of contexts with accuracy, fluency and purpose
appreciate, enjoy and use the English language in all its variations and develop a sense of its richness and power to evoke feelings, convey information, form ideas, facilitate interaction with others, entertain, persuade and argue
understand how Standard Australian English works in its spoken and written forms and in combination with non-linguistic forms of communication to create meaning
develop interest and skills in inquiring into the aesthetic aspects of texts, and develop an informed appreciation of literature.
The Australian Curriculum: Mathematics aims to ensure that students:
are confident, creative users and communicators of mathematics, able to investigate, represent and interpret situations in their personal and work lives and as active citizens
develop an increasingly sophisticated understanding of mathematical concepts and fluency with processes, and are able to pose and solve problems and reason in Number and Algebra, Measurement and Geometry, and Statistics and Probability
recognise connections between the areas of mathematics and other disciplines and appreciate mathematics as an accessible and enjoyable discipline to study.
The Australian Curriculum: Science aims to ensure that students develop:
an interest in science as a means of expanding their curiosity and willingness to explore, ask questions about and speculate on the changing world in which they live
an understanding of the vision that science provides of the nature of living things, of the Earth and its place in the cosmos, and of the physical and chemical processes that explain the behaviour of all material things
an understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry and the ability to use a range of scientific inquiry methods, including questioning; planning and conducting experiments and investigations based on ethical principles; collecting and analysing data; evaluating results; and drawing critical, evidence-based conclusions
an ability to communicate scientific understanding and findings to a range of audiences, to justify ideas on the basis of evidence, and to evaluate and debate scientific arguments and claims
an ability to solve problems and make informed, evidence-based decisions about current and future applications of science while taking into account ethical and social implications of decisions
an understanding of historical and cultural contributions to science as well as contemporary science issues and activities and an understanding of the diversity of careers related to science
a solid foundation of knowledge of the biological, chemical, physical, Earth and space sciences, including being able to select and integrate the scientific knowledge and methods needed to explain and predict phenomena, to apply that understanding to new situations and events, and to appreciate the dynamic nature of science knowledge.
The humanities and social sciences are the study of human behaviour and interaction in social, cultural, environmental, economic and political contexts. The humanities and social sciences have a historical and contemporary focus, from personal to global contexts, and consider challenges for the future.
In the Australian Curriculum, the Humanities and Social Sciences learning area comprises four subjects: History, Geography, Economics and Business, Civics and Citizenship.
The Australian Curriculum: The Arts aims to develop students':
creativity, critical thinking, aesthetic knowledge and understanding about arts practices, through making and responding to artworks with increasing self-confidence
arts knowledge and skills to communicate ideas; they value and share their arts and life experiences by representing, expressing and communicating ideas, imagination and observations about their individual and collective worlds to others in meaningful ways
use of innovative arts practices with available and emerging technologies, to express and represent ideas, while displaying empathy for multiple viewpoints
understanding of Australia's histories and traditions through the Arts, engaging with the artworks and practices, both traditional and contemporary, of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
understanding of local, regional and global cultures, and their Arts histories and traditions, through engaging with the worlds of artists, artworks, audiences and arts professions.
The Australian Curriculum: Technologies aims to develop the knowledge, understanding and skills to ensure that, individually and collaboratively, students:
investigate, design, plan, manage, create and evaluate solutions
are creative, innovative and enterprising when using traditional, contemporary and emerging technologies, and understand how technologies have developed over time
make informed and ethical decisions about the role, impact and use of technologies in the economy, environment and society for a sustainable future
engage confidently with and responsibly select and manipulate appropriate technologies − materials, data, systems, components, tools and equipment − when designing and creating solutions
critique, analyse and evaluate problems, needs or opportunities to identify and create solutions.
These aims are extended and complemented by specific aims for each Technologies subject.
The Australian Curriculum: Health and Physical Education (F–10) aims to develop the knowledge, understanding and skills to enable students to:
access, evaluate and synthesise information to take positive action to protect, enhance and advocate for their own and others' health, wellbeing, safety and physical activity participation across their lifespan
develop and use personal, behavioural, social and cognitive skills and strategies to promote a sense of personal identity and wellbeing and to build and manage respectful relationships
acquire, apply and evaluate movement skills, concepts and strategies to respond confidently, competently and creatively in a variety of physical activity contexts and settings
engage in and enjoy regular movement-based learning experiences and understand and appreciate their significance to personal, social, cultural, environmental and health practices and outcomes
analyse how varied and changing personal and contextual factors shape understanding of, and opportunities for, health and physical activity locally, regionally and globally.
The Australian Curriculum: Languages aims to develop the knowledge, understanding and skills to ensure students:
communicate in the target language
understand language, culture, and learning and their relationship, and thereby develop an intercultural capability in communication
understand themselves as communicators.
These three aims are interrelated and provide the basis for the two organising strands: Communicating and Understanding. The three aims are common to all languages.
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Casual Discussion Science Forum @scivillage › Culture › Religions & Spirituality
The End of Humanism
Consular Corps: backbone of diplomacy
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/18/books/...upted.html
EXCERPT: [...] Humanism has been savaged by theists and atheists, conservatives and progressives, fascists and socialists, scientists and philosophers, though it has also been propounded by the same diversity of thinkers. Who has not felt superior to humanism? It is the cheapest target of all: Humanism is sentimental, flabby, bourgeois, hypocritical, complacent, middlebrow, liberal, sanctimonious, constricting and often an alibi for power. The abusers of humanism, of course, are guilty of none of those sins. From Heidegger to Althusser, they come as emancipators. I think we should emancipate ourselves from their emancipations.
But what is humanism? For a start, humanism is not the antithesis of religion, as Pope Francis is exquisitely demonstrating. The most common understanding of humanism is that it denotes a pedagogy and a worldview. The pedagogy consists in the traditional Western curriculum of literary and philosophical classics, beginning in Greek and Roman antiquity and — after an unfortunate banishment of medieval culture from any pertinence to our own — erupting in the rediscovery of that antiquity in Europe in the early modern centuries, and in the ideals of personal cultivation by means of textual study and aesthetic experience that it bequeathed, or that were developed under its inspiration, in the "enlightened" 18th and 19th centuries, and eventually culminated in programs of education in the humanities in modern universities.
The worldview takes many forms: a philosophical claim about the centrality of humankind to the universe, and about the irreducibility of the human difference to any aspect of our animality; a methodological claim about the most illuminating way to explain history and human affairs, and about the essential inability of the natural sciences to offer a satisfactory explanation; a moral claim about the priority, and the universal nature, of certain values, not least tolerance and compassion. It is all a little inchoate — human, humane, humanities, humanism, humanitarianism; but there is nothing shameful or demeaning about any of it.
And posthumanism? It elects to understand the world in terms of impersonal forces and structures, and to deny the importance, and even the legitimacy, of human agency. It certainly does not mean, as Greif correctly notes about antihumanism, a "hatred of the human." There have been humane posthumanists and there have been inhumane humanists. But the inhumanity of humanists may be refuted on the basis of their own worldview, whereas the condemnation of cruelty toward "man the machine," to borrow the old but enduring notion of an 18th-century French materialist, requires the importation of another framework of judgment.
The same is true about universalism, which every critic of humanism has arraigned for its failure to live up to the promise of a perfect inclusiveness. It is a melancholy fact of history that there has never been a universalism that did not exclude. Yet the same is plainly the case about every particularism, which is nothing but a doctrine of exclusion; and the correction of particularism, the extension of its concept and its care, cannot be accomplished in its own name. It requires an idea from outside, an idea external to itself, a universalistic idea, a humanistic idea. Asking universalism to keep faith with its own principles is a perennial activity of moral life. Asking particularism to keep faith with its own principles is asking for trouble.
[...] Meanwhile the discussion of culture is being steadily absorbed into the discussion of business. There are "metrics" for phenomena that cannot be metrically measured. Numerical values are assigned to things that cannot be captured by numbers. Economic concepts go rampaging through noneconomic realms: Economists are our experts on happiness! Where wisdom once was, quantification will now be. Quantification is the most overwhelming influence upon the contemporary American understanding of, well, everything. It is enabled by the idolatry of data, which has itself been enabled by the almost unimaginable data-generating capabilities of the new technology. The distinction between knowledge and information is a thing of the past, and there is no greater disgrace than to be a thing of the past.
[...] And even as technologism, which is not the same as technology, asserts itself over more and more precincts of human life, so too does scientism, which is not the same as science. The notion that the nonmaterial dimensions of life must be explained in terms of the material dimensions, and that nonscientific understandings must be translated into scientific understandings if they are to qualify as knowledge, is increasingly popular inside and outside the university, where the humanities are disparaged as soft and impractical and insufficiently new. The contrary insistence that the glories of art and thought are not evolutionary adaptations, or that the mind is not the brain, or that love is not just biology's bait for sex, now amounts to a kind of heresy.
So, too, does the view that the strongest defense of the humanities lies not in the appeal to their utility — that literature majors may find good jobs, that theaters may economically revitalize neighborhoods — but rather in the appeal to their defiantly nonutilitarian character, so that individuals can know more than how things work, and develop their powers of discernment and judgment, their competence in matters of truth and goodness and beauty, to equip themselves adequately for the choices and the crucibles of private and public life.
This gloomy inventory of certain tendencies in contemporary American culture — it is not the whole story, but it is an alarmingly large part of the story — is offered for the purpose of proposing an accurate name for our moment. We are not becoming transhumanists, obviously. We are too singular for the Singularity. But are we becoming posthumanists?...
Meet USA's first atheism, humanism & secular ethics chair + When a _F_ finds _P_ C C 1 227 Feb 25, 2018 06:57 AM
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FuseIT build enterprise products integrating Salesforce.com CRM, Sitecore CMS, Micro Focus Content Manager and legacy .NET systems. Our technology team have deep expertise in the technologies we connect. Our integrations go beyond connecting APIs. We reach through the APIs we connect to create meaningful and powerful ("inspired") integrations.
Our primary vertical markets are finance, insurance and banking, healthcare, public sector, education and hospitality. Our clients include some of the largest corporations and best known brands on the planet.
We are a Salesforce.com ISV Partner, a Sitecore Technology Alliance Partner and a Microsoft Certified Partner.
A member of the New Zealand Sustainable Business Network we also aspire to become a Certified B Corporation.


Golden Rule // Weekly Challenge// Week one//Balance!
The ladies of the Golden Girls Workshop Alumni are doing a 12 week, Weekly Challenge featuring a different rule of composition each week. We are so excited to to push ourselves to photograph every day life in a new way. If you would like to join us in our weekly challenge, post your photo on our facebook wall each week to have a chance to be featured on our blog.
This weeks theme was Balance!
Next Weeks Theme is COLOR!


Discussion in 'iPad 2 Forum' started by realistdreamer, Mar 21, 2011.
Verizon 4G mifi - when it comes out. Probably off contract so I can ditch it if the iPhone 5 has 4G tethering.
InvisibleShield for Zaggmate - gotta protect that aluminum from unsightly scratches.
VGA adapter - will try mirroring with projector for presentations. Anyone know of a pointer app for keynote?
Homemade AC vent holder - to use Helostrap in the car. This will be my interesting project for the summer.
Undecided stand - Either I'll make one out of parts that allow me to use the Apple IR remote to control iTunes via iPad and wifi or I'll buy something that has a remote of it's own and costs an arm and a leg.
Bible app - lots to choose from - suggestions?
Numerous other seemingly productive apps that will probably do more to waste my time than save it.
This is a great list - thanks for sharing it with us. I use Pocket Informant and totally agree it's the best out there. I was interested, too, in some of your DIY projects for the hardware - I hope you'll share some of those with us - maybe post some pictures?
I have PCalc too as my scientific calculator and TuneIn for entertainment 'on the move'.
BTW - did you know that OneNote has released a version for the iPhone now? I don't know if they'll be doing iPad next or not (I know someone I can ask), but you could use the iPhone version on your iPad if you wanted. It's free right now, and looks like it has better reviews than MobileNoter. Just thought I'd mention that.
Now I'm off to check out the other apps you list - thanks for the info!
I did see that. MS just offered it. The Mobilenoter website has a comparison the features and MS looks like a version1 product. Frankly, I was underwhelmed by their OneNote app on Windows 7 Phone. It goes to show that despite having all the code at their disposable, it still takes a significant investment to build a quality app.
I'll watch the development of both, but as now Mobilenoter wins. Syncing is key for me so whoever wins that wins me over.
Glad you posted. Definitely doing the same thing. Will share later. I find that I'm treating the arrival of my iPad 2 like the birth of a child! I'm buying her clothes and food and toys. Got her a strap to pin to me.
Yeah, I'm not too impressed by the version for W7 phone either. I know for a fact that they were developed by two entirely different groups and have been told that the iPhone version is much better, and I think one update has already been released. I'm trying to find out if they'll be doing an iPad version as well.
Found that there are many vent holders out there, so I'll probably purchase one once I figure out how to integrated all the cords, operate my stereo and get the back camera to shoot video while driving.
So are the vent holders really that savvy? I'm glad they'll be cooling the iPad or whatever but will they really be that sturdy? Could someone do a review?
Found a macally bookstand 2 on eBay for cheap as a temp case.


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Section 2.1 of Programming Language Pragmatics.
Do this assignment Due at the start of next class.
Specifying programming languages: syntax vs. semantics
In defining or specifying a programming language, we generally distinguish between syntax and semantics. The syntax of a programming language describes which strings of of characters comprise a valid program. The semantics of a programming language describes what syntactically valid programs mean, what they do. In the larger world of linguistics, syntax is about the form of language, semantics about meaning. Linguistic giant Noam Chomsky gave this nice sentence:
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.
... as an example of something that is syntactically correct, but without semantic value, i.e. meaningless even though it satisfies all our grammatical rules. It's a nice example to keep in mind, because it shows that semantics and syntax are really different.
In programming languages our expectations of what certain symbols should mean, like "+" or "if" may make us lose sight of the fact that both syntax and semantics really need to be defined to define a language. However, there are places where this becomes pretty clear. For example, in a C/C++ program the following is syntactically correct:
x = 2^3;
But what does it mean? I.e. what value does ther variable x end up with? Not eight, in fact, but one! You see, although we know it's syntactically correct, we don't know its semantics. Meaning must be defined as well as form. (BTW: "^" is bitwise xor in C/C++.) It's not just a question of spelling out what each keyword or operator symbol means, meaning of groups of symbols must also be defined. For example, what about the following code fragment:
void foo(int x, int y, int z)
if (x < y < z)
In Java, this is actually syntactically incorrect. However, in C/C++ it is correct. But what does it mean? What are the semantics here? Just knowing what < means isn't enough to tell you, actually. You have to know <'s associativity, and you've got to know what type < returns ... and you even have to know about C/C++ type automatic type promotion rules are, and what true and false really are. And even then, it certainly doesn't mean what a newbie would expect. Syntax tells you whether or not x < y < z is valid in the language - and this depends on the language, as we've seen - but you need the semantics to know what the expression actually means.
The book looks first at specifying syntax, then later at specifying semantics. In fact, however, the delineation is not that clear cut. We act as if, roughly speaking, a grammar specifies the syntax of a language, and something else specifies the semantics. However, the grammar for a language does a bit of both, but certainly not all of either. You know this already from Theory of Computing, where we talked about ambiguity in grammars and how it was undesirable in applications. For example:
exp -> exp op exp | NUM
op -> + | - | * | /
is a grammar that correctly defines the syntax of proper arithmetic expressions involving numbers, assuming NUM is properly defined. But it's ambiguous, and we went on to define a nice unambiguous grammar that met our expectations for associativity and precedence of arithmetic operators. But that's not neccessary if we're really only interested in specifying syntax. The grammar above tells you exactly which strings of symbols are valid arithmetic expressions ... associativity and precedence are issues of semantics, just as is the question of whether 5/2 gives 2.5 or 2.
In fact, it's not really possible in any practical sense to completely separate syntax and semantics, because the validity of an expression like a < b < c may depend (as it does in Java) on the meaning of the < operator, in terms of both types and associativity. None-the-less, it's useful to think of syntax and semantics as separate concerns, as the book does. We just tend to lump the semantic elements that are defined through things like the language's grammar as being part of the language's syntax.
Guess what? It's grammars and regular expressions!
We want to specify syntax so that programmers can write valid programs, and also so compiler-writers will produce compilers that can cope with the full range of valid programs people produce. In this sense, constructs that can provide both the language definition and the mechanisms for processing programs within compilers are golden. We already know two such constructs: regular expressions and context free grammars, and they are the foundation of the theory and practice of programming languages. Basically we use regular expressions to define the tokens of a language, which are sort of the atomic building blocks, and context free grammars to define how the tokens get combined to form valid programs. Traditionally, grammars for programming languages are given in EBNF --- Extended Backus-Nauer Form. This is just like the form we wrote our grammers in for Theory of Computing, except Kleene star and Kleene plus are allowed, along with ( )'s for grouping. This doesn't change the expressive power of the language, but it does make somethings a bit easier. For instance, we can express list of statments as:
stmt-list -> stmt+
stmt-list -> stmt | stmt-list stmt
With an unambiguous grammar that's designed to accomodate the semantics of your language, a parse tree for a program is a data-structure that represents the program in a very useful way. Thus, parsing is a huge step in compiling or interpreting a program. However, a true parse tree may have many nodes and edges that are artifacts of how the grammar encodes properties like precedence or deal with symbols like ( )'s or ;'s that are actually unneccesary once the parse is complete. Thus we prefer an abstract syntax tree to a true parse tree, which is kind of like a simplified parse tree. Here's a simple example. Consider the following grammar, which defines basic arithmetic expressions, complete with associativity, precedence, unary as well as binary "-", and ( )'s.
exp -> exp OPA term | term
term -> term OPM factor | sfactor  <-- NOTE: "sfactor" stands for "signed-factor", it handles unary "-"
sfactor -> OPA factor | factor
factor -> NUM | LP exp RP
where OPA = +|-, OPM = *|/, LP = (, RP = ), and NUM = digit+.
Compare first the true parse tree, then an abstract syntax tree for the expression: -(131 + 14*872) - 3*(-8 + 4/122):
Hopefully this illustrates the difference between the parse tree, and an abstract syntax tree. So, our goal is to use regular expressions and grammars to define as much as possible of the syntax of our programming language, and use those to produce code to read in program text and produce abstract syntax trees.
Review Section 1.6: "An Overview of Compilation"
The process of compiling (or interpreting) a program normally progresses in phases. Section 1.6 of the book gives a nice overview of those phases, which are
lexical analysis (scanning)
semantic analysis / intermediate code generation
machine independent optimization [optional]
target code generation
machine-specific optimization [optional]
The basic picture you want to keep in mind is this:
scanning               parsing
character stream --------> token stream -------> parse tree -----> abstract syntax tree
Scanning transforms a stream of characters into a stream of tokens. Parsing transforms a stream of tokens into a parse tree. Although we keep this picture in mind, it turns out that in practice we usually convert the parse tree into an abstract syntax tree one the fly, i.e. as the parsing happens. In this case, we would never explicitly build the parse tree as a structure. None-the-less, it's there behind the scenes implicitly.
Christopher W Brown


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Five things to look for in Maryland's home opener against Temple
By Don Markus
Sep 14, 2018 | 4:25 PM
Texas quarterback Sam Ehlinger, left, looks for a receiver as he is pressured by Maryland defensive lineman Byron Cowart in the first half of an NCAA college football game, Saturday, Sept. 1, 2018, in Landover, Md. (Patrick Semansky / AP)
A year ago, the Maryland football team was coming off an upset win over No. 23 Texas in Austin and a shellacking of Towson in College Park when the Terps faced Central Florida at home.
At the time, Scott Frost's team was unbeaten, but had not played in nearly two weeks after Hurricane Irma forced the cancellation of a game against Georgia Tech.
It turned out to be a long afternoon for the Terps at Maryland Stadium, and with a season-ending knee injury to freshman quarterback Kasim Hill that followed a similar fate for then-sophomore Tyrrell Pigrome.
It was the start of a long season that ended with a 4-8 record after a 66-3 defeat at home to Penn State.
Now, after another 2-0 start, Maryland will be playing what should be an emotional — and potentially wet and windy, depending on the track of Hurricane Florence — home opener at noon Saturday against Temple.
[More from sports] Juan Dixon forges relationship with the father he didn't know existed »
While the Owls soundly beat the Terps the last time they played in College Park, they are making the trip south on I-95 looking for their first win of the 2018 season.
Here are five things to watch:
University of Maryland football scandal surrounding Jordan McNair's death
Cutting down on penalties
At his Tuesday news conference, interim coach and offensive coordinator Matt Canada made a point to say that the Terps would address the issue with penalties that could have derailed their season last Saturday at Bowling Green.
Maryland was whistled 14 times for 139 yards — though the last one was for offensive tackle Derwin Gray celebrating with fans who had made the trip to Ohio.
Aside from the penalties, the offensive line played extremely well in helping open holes for Maryland's running backs to pile up 444 yards. The defense, which wasn't as big a culprit, still has to play as physical and smart as it did in the second half in shutting out Bowling Green.
If the Terps can be as focused as they were for most of the opener against Texas, it could be an easy victory.
How Canada uses his quarterbacks
Canada said going into and coming out of the win over the then-No. 23 Longhorns that he planned to use Pigrome for a few snaps, both to keep the redshirt sophomore involved as well as provide a change of pace from redshirt freshman starter Hill. That appeared to be the case last week.
When Hill struggled early to get the offense moving, Pigrome came in and immediately ripped off an 18-yard run. But after he botched a handoff on a jet sweep on the next snap, and Bowling Green recovered the fumble, Pigrome didn't get back on the field the rest of the night, even with the ending no longer in doubt late in the fourth quarter.
[More from sports] Former Raven Alex Collins, friend dispute who owned marijuana found in his car, charging documents say »
It will be interesting to see what happens against the Owls.
Jesse Aniebonam and Byron Cowart could be a pretty effective pair of pass rushers
For different reasons, Aniebonam and Cowart came into the 2018 season with questions about their ability to get to opposing quarterbacks.
Aniebonam was returning from a badly broken ankle that forced him to miss all but the first two quarters of the Texas opener last season. Cowart was trying to resurrect his reputation from high school as a dominant defensive player after two frustrating seasons at Auburn.
Though both played well in spurts against the Longhorns two weeks ago, Aniebonam and Cowart seemed to constantly be in Bowling Green's backfield.
Each recorded a sack and just their presence also allowed junior linebacker Isaiah Davis to get two of his own. If Maryland is suddenly able to sack quarterbacks again, it could help the defense in general continue to play at a high level.
Terps might have finally found a kicker in freshman Joseph Petrino
One of the issues the past two seasons has been getting consistency out of the kicking game. After Brad Craddock broke his arm as a senior, Adam Greene was considered more than a solid replacement for the former Groza Award winner.
But as his career progressed, the former Broadneck star struggled with both his confidence and consistency and eventually lost the job last season to graduate transfer Henry Darmstadter.
Petrino, who became something of a sensation in high school when video of him kicking 50-yard field goals both left- and right-footed went viral, has been very solid in the start to his career by making all three of his field goal attempts and all 10 of his PATs.
[More from sports] Catching Up With ... Raul Allegre »
His 40-yarder toward the end of the first half last week at Bowling Green showed his ability to kick in bad conditions and under pressure.
Will the fans show up for the home opener?
Fans generally don't need a reason to stay away from College Park for home football games.
Since the Terps joined the Big Ten, the biggest crowds have generally come against opponents that have large and mobile fan bases, such as Michigan, Ohio State, Penn State and even Michigan State. Temple doesn't even have a big enough fan base to raise money to build its own stadium.
The combination of the opponent and the potential for a miserable afternoon in terms of the weather could make for a lot of empty seats at Maryland Stadium.
While the Texas win should raise the interest level, last year's win over the Longhorns, also ranked No. 23 at the time, didn't have much of an impact last season when Towson came to play the following week.
The difference Saturday could be Jordan McNair. With a moment of silence being held before the game and other plans in place to honor the 19-year-old offensive lineman who died from heatstroke in June, it could be a way for Maryland fans to pay their respects while also supporting a team that has suddenly become interesting and fun to watch.
Terps Videos


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Richest Actors
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Sylvester Stallone Net Worth: One of The Wealthiest Men in Hollywood
Home » Richest Actors » Sylvester Stallone Net Worth: One of The Wealthiest Men in Hollywood
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Sylvester Stallone Net Worth is $400 Million (as of 2019)
Sylvester Stallone was born Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone on July 6, 1946, in New York, New York. At the age of 69, he is still thrilling audiences with his high intense, action-packed roles. Known as an actor, he is also a director and screenwriter. Stereotyped as the less than smart guy Rocky Balboa, the tough guy role is one that has made him a household name. Being a boxing icon, he was inducted into the boxing's Hall of Fame simply for his betrayal as one of the most endeared boxers of all time. The thing that most people don't know about him is that Rocky Balboa and the wildly famous Rambo sagas are not just something that he acted in, he wrote the screenplays for all of them. Nominated for two Academy Awards for both best actor and best screenplay, he is only the third actor of all time to achieve such an accomplishment.
Place of birth: New York, New York, U.S.
Occupation: actor, screenwriter and film director
Born to a hairdresser/beautician and an dancer, the arts were fostered throughout his childhood. Overcoming an accident at birth, he was never dissuaded from greatness by the paralysis caused to his facial muscles. Despite many obstacles Stallone found his talents on stage. His first role was in adult film The Party at Kitty and Studs. Not proud of it, he insisted that he had been desperate for money at the time.
Stallone's big break came with his surprising hit Rocky. After watching the Muhammad Ali vs. Chuck Wepner fight, it inspired him to go home and write the famous Rocky screenplay. He was offered $350,000 for the rights to the screenplay, but only accepted with the stipulation that he had to be the lead character instead of other chosen actors such as Burt Reynolds and Robert Redford. Bringing him from small roles to something of greatness, he was nominated for ten Academy Awards that year including best screenplay and best actor. He won that year for best directing, best picture and best film editing.
The success of the first Rocky movie led to the sequels and positioned him to create the Rambo franchise. Taking on other roles along the way, he became the warrior of the movies. Trying his hand at other roles, his success was found as the tough guy. The Rocky franchise not only brought him fame from the movies, it broke him into the world of boxing. He opened his own boxing promotion company "Tiger Eye Productions" who represented greats such as Aaron Pryor and Sean O'Grady.
One of the wealthiest men in Hollywood, Stallone is worth an estimated $400 million. Not as dim-witted as the characters he plays in film, he is not only an actor, he is a successful writer. His screenplays have earned him millions over the years.
Stallone's official website
Is Sylvester Stallone Dead or Alive?
What do you think about Sylvester Stallone's net worth? Leave a comment below.
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Copyright © 2019 NetWorthCity.com All Celebrity Net Worth – Richest Actors, Rappers, Athletes and Businessmen


Grupo Finaccess SAPI de CV is an investment company that manages equity, offers a select diversity of services, and includes several companies, each specialists in their own field. It provides a service tailored to the needs and specific characteristics of each client.
Investment fund manager in Mexico that offers specialized financial advice tailored to the needs and risk profiles of each client; Finaccess México is regulated and approved by the Banking and Securities Commission (Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, CNBV), by the Mexican Ministry of Finance (Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, SHCP), and by the Mexican Federal Bank (Banco de México).
Promotes investments in real economy by acquiring and participating in the equity or wealth of a great diversity of companies and real estate assets. Resulting from its investments, it is currently present in Mexico, the US, Europe, and Asia. Further, and in order to support young entrepreneurs it invests in funds specializing in seed capital.
Financial advisor registered before the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the US, which offers investment management advice, including financial planning, to a limited group of clients in the US and in Spain. Finaccess Advisors was included in FA Magazine's ranking of the top 100 Registered Investment Advisors (RIA) in the US, in terms of non-discretionary assets under management. We tailor solutions to the needs of our clients by professionalizing and institutionalizing wealth management under the highest ethical and professional standards.
Finaccess Servicios Corporativos, the founding company of Grupo Finaccess, addresses the needs of internal clients to whom it provides personalized administrative, financial, accounting, legal, tax, and concierge services, with high quality, independence, exclusivity and confidentiality. Given that our priority is to offer our clients an excellent service, we have strengthened the Enterprise Processes Model by implementing new tools that enable us to strengthen internal controls in all our processes, and comply with applicable regulation, always supported by a robust and secure technological platform. As of 2018, Finaccess Servicios Corporativos extended its service portfolio to external clients.
These entities create and develop social businesses and carry out philanthropic work by donating their resources, time, and talent to serve communities and humanitarian organizations.


text:
Fu VII Marchese di Cogolludo, IV Marchese of Alcalá de la Alameda, VI duca Alcalá de los Gazules, IX conte di Los Molares, IX Marchese di Tarifa, VIII conte di El Puerto de Santa María e valido di Carlo II di Spagna dal 1679 al 1685.

Biografia

Figlio di Antonio de la Cerda, VII duca di Medinaceli e di Ana María Luisa Enríquez de Ribera Portocarrero y Cárdenas, V duchessa di Alcalá de los Gazules; in giovane età sposò Catalina de Aragón, che gli permise di aggiungere ai propri i titoli di duca di Segorbe, Cardona e Lerma.

Quando, il 6 novembre del 1675, Carlo II raggiunse la maggiore età, Juan Francisco de la Cerda non sostenne apertamente né la fazione del fratellastro del monarca, Don Giovanni d'Austria, né quella della regina madre, Maria Anna d'Asburgo, e del suo favorito Fernando de Valenzuela, marchese di Villasierra.

Dopo due anni di lotte di palazzo, a seguito delle pesanti sconfitte nella Guerra d'Olanda, contro Luigi XIV di Francia, Don Giovanni D'Austria, con un colpo di Stato, esiliò la regina a Toledo ed inviò il suo favorito, Valenzuela, nelle Filippine.

Don Giovanni d'Austria morì, non senza sospetti di veleno, dopo pochi mesi di governo, il 17 settembre del 1679 ed al suo posto il re nominò Juan Francisco de la Cerda valido ovvero primo ministro, Sumillier de corps e Caballerizo major.

Durante il suo governo, il duca di Medinaceli tentò di restaurare la sempre più declinante economia lasciando un bilancio di luci ed ombre.

Infatti, se la costituzione Junta de Comercio y Moneda fu certamente opera duratura così come la sua politica di riduzione delle spese del regno, la svalutazione della moneta senza attuare una riforma generale del conio condusse ad un forte aumento dell'inflazione e alla quasi bancarotta dello stato.

Si dimise nel 1684 poco dopo la stipula del Trattato di Ratisbona con cui la Spagna non solo fu costretta a legittimare le annessioni Francesi attuate negli anni precedenti mediante le Camere di riunione ma fu obbligata anche a non usufruire più degli arsenali di Genova allo scopo di equipaggiare la propria flotta militare.

Ritiratosi a vita privata nei suoi domini, morì il 20 febbraio del 1691 lasciando l'intero suo patrimonio al figlio Luis Francisco de la Cerda y Aragón, diplomatico ed in seguito Viceré di Napoli.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
 Fundación Medinaceli.

Presidenti del Consiglio delle Indie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
in Coronavirus, News
BNT162b2 Vaccine Has Shown Effectiveness Against New Stain
by HealthRadar360 January 10, 2021, 7:31 pm 2.1k Views
BNT162b2 vaccine
Pfizer and BioNtech vaccine have remarkable achievement in the eradication of Key mutation of the UK COVID-19 variant. BNT162b2 Vaccine is showing remarkable effectiveness against this new strain.
From the very beginning of coronavirus, scientists are making efforts to discover its vaccination. Now, when there is a ray of hope at the end of a dark tunnel in the form of vaccination, the virus has changed its shape. The sensitivity of vaccines against the new stain is among the first few questions which arose earlier in its course.
Latest Study
Several studies are coming one after the other, proving the sensitivity of currently available COVID-19 vaccines against the mutant variant. The latest one came out just 24 hours ago, i.e., 7 Jan 2021.
The study entitled "Neutralization of N501Y mutant SARS-CoV-2 by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera". However, the research hasn't been reviewed by peers yet. Nevertheless, the respective study showed the effectiveness of available Pfizer and BioNtech vaccines against the new variant.
The stain detected in late 2020 in the United Kingdom. The Covid-19 Genomics Consortium (Cog-UK) brought people's attention to it using the 3-gene PCR test.
Initially, the mutant form was traceable only in the UK and SA, but now the circumstances are changing. According to the reports, it has spread to more than 30 countries of the world. So at this time, when it has become the need of an hour to stop it, the vaccine has become the mandatory option, and that too asap.
Study To Rule Out The Sensitivity Of BNT162b2 Vaccine
Although the virus has undergone several mutations and has been mutated at several points, some of them are of great significance based on their location. The most renowned one, N501Y, is present on the spike protein of COVID-19. Because of its position, it has attracted researchers as it helps the virus to bind with the host cell.
In the respective study, scientists evaluate a serum of 20 individuals. They already had a shot of the BNT162b2 vaccine 2 to 4 weeks earlier. The test carried out to find the sensitivity of vaccines for two genes N501 and Y501.
Later it ruled out that the vaccine can neutralize the N501 of the variant strain. It is stated in the document, "The ratio of the 50% neutralization GMT of the sera against the Y501 virus to that against the N501 virus was 1.46, indicating no reduction in neutralization activity against the virus bearing the Y501 spike."
At the end of the decade, The Menachery Lab tweeted about the study. By that time, they were unable to publish it. The tweet stated, "I would prefer this in a manuscript, but given the time of year and that I'm tired, I'll just tweet the data regarding the UK #COVID19 variant."
I would prefer this in a manuscript, but given the time of year and that I'm tired, I'll just tweet the data regarding the UK #COVID19 variant:
PRNT50 values from COVID patients for SARS2 WT WA1 vs a mutant that contains N501Y (among other spike mutations). pic.twitter.com/YvAlEiOR3a
— The Menachery Lab (@TheMenacheryLab) December 22, 2020
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Written by HealthRadar360
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Craig Saves The Day
Keeper ensures Blues are not victims of a smash and grab against Fleetwood
Photo: Jason Brown
by Neil Weld
@Pompey
Craig MacGillivray did not have too much to do throughout the 90 minutes at Fratton Park.
But he was called into action right at the death to prevent Pompey from suffering an undeserved defeat against Fleetwood.
The hosts had dominated for long periods, with Jayson Leutwiler the busier of the stoppers before the break.
But MacGillivray denied James Hill from point-blank range in stoppage-time to ensure the Blues climbed to second in the table.
The keeper said: "There was only one team in the second half that really looked like they were going to win the game.
"About 20 minutes from the end, you could see them slowing things down and trying to buy set-pieces to see if they could nick something that way.
"We were still trying to play on the front foot and get after them, but it's still a point that keeps us on this run and it's another clean sheet."
Craig MacGillivray
"We were still trying to play on the front foot and get after them, but it's still a point that keeps us on this run and it's another clean sheet.
"Fleetwood got a soft free-kick at the end and their guy's made a good connection, but thankfully I managed to get it around the post.
"But that was the only thing I can remember having to do in the second half and the result gives us a platform to build on."
Pompey would have reached the summit with a victory, although still entered the automatic promotion spots.
MacGillivray said: "It's nice to be there, but we want to make sure that we're in those top two places come the end of the season.
"At the minute, it's just about collecting as many points as we can. We want to keep plugging away during this busy period.
"Everyone's been looking at these games because of the positions are opponents are in, but we have to make sure we're at it for every one."
Portsmouth vs Fleetwood Town on 15 Dec 20


Special Harvest Crusade Edition #7!
The seventh of a series of very special podcasts that will continue with the Southern California Harvest Crusade on July 17 at Angel Stadium in Anaheim, CA. Pastor and evangelist Greg Laurie brings his second message in this three night crusade. Pastor Laurie notes that the Bible has correctly predicted the future hundreds of times, and looks at the signs of the times in today's world.


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The Hawaiian Monarchy
The Hawaiian Monarchy - Essay Example
As a point of departure, the Hawaiian Islands union began by the ascension of King Kamehameha to power in 1792, first as a religious and guardianship leader or god of war. He later defeated his cousin in the battle of Mokuohai, which saw Kamehameha take control of numerous…
Level: Masters
Author: xbode
Extract of sample "The Hawaiian Monarchy"
Task "Hawaiian Monarchy" Discuss and assess the unification of the Hawaiian Islands under King Kamehameha and how Kamehameha and his descendents, including Kamehameha III, adapted or adopted foreign technologies and concepts.
Kamehameha also known as Paiea conquered the Hawaiian Islands and founded the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810.This essay seeks to examine the Hawaiian Islands union and the technological advancement.
As a point of departure, the Hawaiian Islands union began by the ascension of King Kamehameha to power in 1792, first as a religious and guardianship leader or god of war. He later defeated his cousin in the battle of Mokuohai, which saw Kamehameha take control of numerous districts, which included Kona, Hawaii, Namakwa and Koala (Potter, Norris Lawrence, Kasson, Ann, and Norris, 59). This marked the begging of the expansive spirit of king Kamehameha, which enabled him to acquire the largest Armada ever in Hawaii ever seen, by 1803.Fierce and well-trained army led by Kamehameha formed the fundamental force required for the expansion interests. Kamehameha used intelligence gathering and warfare experience to defeat most of his enemies in different war fronts. The unified legal system promoted unity in the Hawaiian Islands even after the death of the Kamehameha. This indicates the strength of the legal system instated and the tolerance of the Hawaiian people. According to Potter et al. (76), the Hawaiian Islands remained united for a long time with the exception of the five months British occupation.
For the case of technology and other modern concepts, Kamehameha made contacts with the outside world such as the British who provided his army with modem technology. The modern armoury made his army superior and this aided him and his descendants to have a technologically and well-equipped army (Potter et al. (129). In essence, Kamehameha adopted technology, particularly on armoury through creation of contacts between Hawaii and outside world. Later these ties created trade links, which saw Hawaii Islands develop into a commercial canter.
In conclusion, the Hawaii Islands remain united up to today because of the strong legal system, Kamehameha created. Several battles brought the unification of the Hawaiian Islands. On his death in 1819, king Kamehameha left the law of the splintered paddle and other attributed laws as the unifying pillar of the Hawaiians Potter et al. (259).
Potter, Norris W, Lawrence M. Kasson, Ann Rayon, and Norris W. Potter. The Hawaiian Monarchy. Honolulu, HI: Bess Press, 1983. Print. Read More
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
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HomeReviewsMoviesDeep in my Heart is Donen Done Right. And Wrong.
Deep in my Heart is Donen Done Right. And Wrong.
Jan 30, 2017 Nathanael Hood Movies, Reviews 0
Watching Stanley Donen's Deep in My Heart, a biographical musical about the life of famed musical and operetta composer Sigmund Romberg, I was reminded of an observation I once made about Michael Curtiz's Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942): the film doesn't so much have dancing as it does choreographed walking and stylized standing.
The music in Deep in My Heart, recently released as an MOD through Warner Archive Collection, seems like aural realizations of Curtiz's vivant tableaux, rich with swelling strings, languid with mellow brass. I can appreciate that Romberg's music from the turn of the twentieth century was remarkable for its time, and was widely beloved. But looking back, it seems somewhat drained of lifeblood. What bothers me is how the film elects to present its music. Usually these set pieces are performed by one or two singers and/or dancers who croon to the rhythms of a static camera and even more static melodies. Donen isolates the music as the focal point of each of these scenes, leaving our eyes to wander over the threadbare studio sets and occasionally garish costumes. The film clocks in at a staggering 132 minutes. Every single one of them can be felt tick-ticking by.
The film charts Romberg's rise from a stuffy Austro-Hungarian immigrant to the toast of Broadway with all the expected bumps and tragedies that accompany such stories. José Ferrer's performance as Romberg serves as one of the film's bright spots. He nails the transition from snooty composer of "art" who scoffs at anything that doesn't stink of the Continent to bombastic writer of jitterbugs, cha-cha's, and love ballads. There are two musical numbers in the entire film worth tracking down. The first is Romberg's impromptu one-man performance of his new musical Jazza-Doo for his future wife Lillian Harris and her pompous mother. In just a few minutes he gives a performance of such physicality, energy, and pure joy it rivals the work of Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly—the latter of which actually pops up with his brother Fred to perform a woefully short rendition of "I Love to Go Swimmin' with Wimmen."
The other note-worthy scene is Ann Miller's performance of "It," a bizarro jazz number with a rhythmic stinger one could swear was later pilfered by Leonard Bernstein for the "Mambo" sequence in West Side Story. The scene is vintage kitsch, not so much an exaggerated reimagining of the 1920s as the 1920s as envisioned by an exaggerated 1960s.
Deep in My Heart was recently released on Blu-ray by the Warner Archive Collection. You can pick it up for about twenty bucks. But the real reason I would recommend it would be for the inclusion of the Tex Avery cartoon The Farm of Tomorrow on the special features. It's a pretty threadbare cartoon, essentially just a series of one-off gags about genetically modified animals ("[We crossed] a dove with a highchair: a stool-pigeon!"). But it's charming nonetheless.
Ann Miller
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About Nathanael Hood	126 Articles
Nathanael Hood is a 25 year old film critic currently based out of South Florida with a passion for all things cinematic. He has a Master's Degree in Film Studies from New York University - Tisch and is currently a writer for the Turkish Journal of American Studies, TopTenz.net, and TheYoungFolks.com.
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How to Swaddle Your Baby Like a Pro: Swaddling Tips for Better Sleep!
How to Swaddle Your Baby Like a Pro: Swaddling for Better Sleep!
This post may contain affiliate links which give me a small commission at no extra charge to you!
Would you like to learn how to swaddle so your baby sleeps longer?
Your baby is not sleeping.
He struggles to fall asleep or stay asleep for long.
He only wants to sleep in your arms.
The minute you lay him down, he wakes up!
You are exhausted and frustrated!
Proper Swaddling Techniques to Save Your Sanity!
In this post, I am going to explain why many babies seem to dislike being swaddled and show you proper swaddling techniques that your baby will love!
Many parents claim that their babies hate being swaddled.
While it is certainly true that most babies initially complain when being swaddled, they usually settle down fairly quickly and fall fast asleep!
If your baby seems to dislike being swaddled, it's probably because you are swaddling incorrectly!
The fact is, most parents don't swaddle properly.
Well, the most common swaddling mistake is not swaddling tight enough. Many parents are afraid of swaddling too snugly.
When your baby is loosely swaddled, she will most likely bust her arms out and startle herself awake.
In addition, swaddling loosely frustrates your baby and enables her to move her arms too freely, sometimes even pulling the entire swaddle up over her face!
Babies actually prefer a nice snug swaddle, which helps them feel safe, secure and warm.
All babies have a startling reflex, called a Moro reflex.
This is a built-in reflex that is triggered when a baby feels like she is falling, or otherwise feels unsafe.
This reflex is a good thing because it means that your baby has a healthy central nervous system.
However, when the startling reflex is triggered, it can startle your baby awake or prevent her from entering (or staying in) deeper sleep.
A snug swaddle can REALLY help!
Many parents will say that "my baby hates the swaddle," so they will abandon its use early on.
If this is you, I encourage you to give it another try!
The truth is…. MOST babies hate being put into a swaddle!
However, they will soon settle down and decide that they like the safe, secure feeling it provides.
Once inside, it reminds them of the womb, and keeps them feeling safe, warm and secure.
The best way to swaddle is arms in and down by their side.
Most babies will pull their arms up to their chest and that's okay too.
Practice makes perfect… so practice your technique when baby is awake… and don't be surprised if they complain at first!
How do you swaddle your baby for better sleep?
As a postpartum doula, I have witnessed countless times "the miracle of the swaddle" in calming a fussy baby.
There is a reason that parents and healthcare workers use this age-old practice…. it works!
Swaddling has literally been used for centuries and by various cultures around the world.
Since the launch of the "Back-to-Sleep Campaign" in 1994, (now known as the Safe to Sleep Campaign) we have seen a resurgence in the widespread use of swaddling.
This is because babies tend to startle more easily in this sleep position.
Is it Safe to Swaddle?
There has been recent controversy over swaddling, however.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recently released the results of a 2016 study that called into question this age-old practice.
Unfortunately, the study, which was a meta-analysis, was misrepresented in the news media.
While there are some potential risk factors with swaddling older babies, there is no proven connection between swaddling and SIDS.
Many healthcare professionals and newborn experts criticized the media's interpretation of the study.
This article helps to explain the results of the study and puts it into proper perspective for parents.
It's unfortunate that many parents were scared off by swaddling after that, when, in fact, swaddling is an evidence-based method of calming and soothing a baby that has been used for centuries!
My 7 Favorite Swaddling Tips!
1. Swaddle Snugly- Arms In!
Most parents don't get the swaddle tight enough.
Don't be surprised if your baby complains at first!
Most babies act like they don't like the swaddle, but quickly settle down to sleep.
If your baby acts like he hates the swaddle, it is probably because it is not tight enough! Yes… really!
For the best swaddling success, try placing your baby in the swaddle before the feeding.
After feeding and burps, wrap her arms up and hold her in an upright position for more burps, or until she is in a deeper sleep state.
Another tip is to wrap the swaddle flaps lower, off-the-shoulder, so that is doesn't ride up over your baby's face!
It really helps to pull the bottom of the swaddle down before wrapping arms, so that the shoulder seam is resting on the shoulder.
The zipper swaddles are much easier to use and much less likely to cover up a baby's face when the correct size is used.
It's very important to use the proper size swaddle!
If it is too large, it can ride up over baby's face and be unsafe.
It is also not possible to get a nice snug fit with a swaddle that is too large!
If the swaddle is too small, your baby will not be able to move his legs properly, which is not healthy for proper development.
It is not safe to swaddle older babies.
Safe swaddling is only recommended for babies under 3 months.
Once a baby begins to roll and move more, they should be graduated from a swaddle into a sleep sack.
Do not swaddle your baby too tightly around the hips and legs.
This can cause hip dysplasia in babies or interfere with proper bone development.
Do make sure the swaddle is snug around your baby's arms and chest. If it's too loose, it can ride up over her face.
I prefer to use specially designed swaddling outfits rather than blankets.
It is so much easier to get it right!
Unless you are very experienced at swaddling, your baby will most likely bust right out of a blanket swaddle!
Make sure and follow the manufacturer's directions for the swaddle that you choose.
See my favorite swaddle picks below!
There are some amazing swaddles to make swaddling easier.
These are my favorite ones here. Check them out!
The Ollie Swaddle is my ABSOLUTE favorite swaddle!
Don't let the more expensive price scare you away, because it's TOTALLY WORTH IT!!!
Most of the other swaddles have their flaws such as openings where baby's arms can escape, having to un-swaddle for diaper changes and how quickly baby outgrows the swaddle.
For all other swaddles, you will need to buy a larger size as baby grows. This swaddle is one size fits all! No need to upgrade as baby grows.
It is also so well-made that this swaddle will easily last through several babies!
If you are into a more minimalist lifestyle, this swaddle is for you!
Is My Baby too Warm in the Swaddle?
Many parents are concerned if their baby will over-heat in a swaddle.
It's a good idea to choose natural fibers like cotton when swaddling and take into consideration the temperature of your home.
If you have air-conditioning in the summer months, then using a fleece swaddle might be appropriate.
If however, your home is warm, then choose a light-weight muslin one.
A good test for baby's temperature is to feel their back between their shoulder blades.
A baby may have cold hands and be perfectly warm otherwise!
When thinking about your baby's body temperature, remember that they are probably not as warm as you are, since they are sleeping most of the time.
Keep in mind, for safe sleep recommendations, the swaddle takes the place of a blanket, so they probably appreciate the added warmth.
Be sure to use common sense and take into consideration your own unique home environment!
Perhaps you are a bit nostalgic or prefer a DIY method!
Have you ever heard of bath swaddling when bathing your baby?
It's true! Bath swaddling can be used to keep your baby cozy and warm during his bath!
Find out more in this post.
It's a very good idea for all new parents to be familiar with the American Academy of Pediatrics' Safe Sleep Recommendations.
The AAP Guidelines for Infant Sleep Safety and SIDS Risk Reduction are intended to help prevent SIDS and other tragic sleep-related deaths.
A desperate, sleep-deprived parent will find creative ways to get some sleep, but not every sleep situation is safe for your baby.
For example, a swing or an inclined chair is fine for supervised, daytime napping, but not recommended as safe alternatives for overnight sleep.
Are you still struggling with a restless, sleepless or fussy baby even after perfecting the swaddle?
It may be that you are missing your baby's sleep cues and now have an overtired baby on your hands!
Maybe you are making these common new parent sleep mistakes?
Are You Missing Your Baby's Sleep Cues?
10 New Parent Baby Sleep Mistakes and How to Fix Them!
30 Easy Sleep Tips for New Parents!
Having a newborn is hard!
The greatest challenge for most new parents is loss of sleep.
How can you get more sleep with your newborn?
It is possible! My new eBook shows you how.
This is NOT your average book on baby sleep, but an easy step-by-step, hands-on survival guide for new parents!
I teach new parents how to maximize their sleep during the postpartum period by sharing my favorite sleep strategies.
I have compiled all my favorite doula tips into a very practical and useful book on sleep for new parents.
It's called 30 Sleep Hacks for New Parents: A Sleep Survival Guide for Parents of Newborns.
This quick read is a very affordable eBook that will be a game changer for your family!
Thanks for sharing great, accurate information!! We have swaddled my daughter from day one. We had to experiment with a few, but I have to agree that the Woombie and Halo are by far the best!! My daughter loves to have her hands near her chest, rather than her side. So the Woombie is the perfect swaddle for her. And when she gets that swaddle on, she knows its bed time and I love that! I got the Woombie Grow With me, so it can expand on her and then we can even get her arms out when she's older… All in the same swaddle!!
Thanks so much for your comment, Shelby. It's great to hear from you! You are absolutely right that swaddles can be part of a consistent bedtime routine where the baby makes a sleep association once in the swaddle. Really helpful to get a baby to sleep faster. So glad it works so well with your daughter, too!
Wow, so many options! I purchased How to teach a baby to fall alseep alone lately and swaddling is one of the first tips to follow with newborn. There are some drawing that I followed but now I feel like I need to reassure myself I'm doing it right! And this bath-swaddling seems interesting, Susan Ubran did not mention that!
Hi Eva! Yes, swaddling is amazing and making sure to do it correctly can be a game-changer! I hope you find my tips helpful. Thanks for visiting and commenting!!
Our baby is now 3 weeks and I just thought he hated being swaddled. About 10 days after being home he began to get very fussy and upset whenever he was not eating and he wasn't sleeping well. The dr switched his formula but it didn't help. I found your article and swaddled him for the first time and he is so relaxed and calm. At first he was upset but then I fed him and he calmed down. I honestly feel he was being over stimulated. He would fall asleep and then hit himself and wake up and become upset. His arms would just fly around. It's a miracle. This has been a huge help. My question for you is, do I need to swaddle him for every nap? Or is this something to do through the night? I don't want to do it to much. Thanks for your help!! I'm a first time momma and really appreciate the advice!
So happy to hear that the swaddling worked! Yes, I agree that a swaddle can really make all the difference in your baby feeling safe and secure. I also think that you are probably right about your baby being overstimulated or overtired. Most babies who are not sleeping well become that way. That's why watching for sleep cues and wake windows really do matter, too! More in this post.
Regarding your question: Yes, continue swaddling both day and night sleep until you feel like he is no longer overtired. Once he is sleeping better at night, you can gradually wean him off the day swaddling if you like. But chances are, he'll need to be swaddled until about 3 months old. That is when the morrow reflex begins to diminish. Hope this helps!