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Home » News » Odisha government sets new norms for merger of schools in KBK region
Odisha government sets new norms for merger of schools in KBK region
On Monday, November 23, the Odisha government informed the state Assembly that the primary and upper primary schools having less than 15 students, and not 20 as decided earlier, will be identified for closure or merger in scheduled areas and also in the backward Kalahandi-Bolangir-Koraput (KBK) region.
Thus, the norms fixed for closure or merger of schools in scheduled areas will also be applicable for such institutes located in the KBK region, school and mass education minister S R Dash said.
The government had earlier decided to close or merge schools having less than 20 students there and the notification issued in this regard will soon be revised, he said.
The opposition parties have said that the government has changed norms to close down schools in scheduled and non- scheduled areas, but it has not taken the backward KBK region into consideration.
Clarifying the government's stance, the minister said that the state government has changed the norms for closing down schools in view of the concerns expressed by members of opposition parties.
Leader of Opposition P K Naik of the BJP and Congress Legislature Party leader Narasingha Mishra, had raised the issue in the House.
The KBK region now has eight districts – Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur, Rayagada, Balangir, Subarnapur, Kalahandi and Nuapada.
Also read: Odisha: No reduction in scholarship amount for ST, SC students, says CM Patnaik
Posted in News, States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\subsection{Introduction}
Quantum Monte Carlo methods have proved to be very successful in calculations of many-body quantum systems. The number of applications as well as variety of algorithms is growing despite the fact that the fermion sign problem imposes a significant and fundamental challenge on the efficiency of stochastic approaches in general \cite{qmcrev,KolorencMitasReview}. In order to overcome this obstacle some type of approximation is introduced that avoids the inefficiences caused by the fermion signs and/or complex amplitudes. One of the most common approximations is the fixed-node and its closely related fixed-phase methods
\cite{anderson75,anderson76,reynolds82}. The fixed-node method
has been used now over four decades and it is an established approach that has led to a number of important calculations  that serve as benchmarks in comparisons with other approaches.
Although optimization of nodes is notoriously difficult, partial successes have been achieved such as using of parametrized effective Hamiltonian methods for generation of orbitals for
Slater-Jastrow wave functions \cite{kolorenc10}. On the other hand,
the fixed-phase approximation \cite{ortiz} is less familiar and much less established. Although it is known that fixed-node is a special case of the fixed-phase as was emphasized
already in the original paper \cite{ortiz} and on occasions stated in other papers, it is fair to say that accurate data that would illustrate the behavior of these approximations side-by-side is scarce.
The key point of this paper is to shed some new light
exactly on this aspect and to illustrate behavior of these approximations on some simple testing examples.

\subsection{Fixed-phase approximation.} Let us consider the many-electron Hamiltonian $H=T+V$, where $V$ denotes electronic, ionic (local) and possibly other interactions and $T$ is the kinetic energy. When the desired eigenstate is real the stochastic methods of solitions are well-known and are mostly based on the fixed-node approximation as have been described in several reviews \cite{qmcrev,KolorencMitasReview}. Our focus this time is different and we assume that the state of a given symmetry that we are interested in is
- inherently or by construction -
complex,  so that we can write
$\Psi=\rho\exp(i\Phi)$ where $\rho({\bf R})\geq 0$ is a positive
amplitude and $\Phi({\bf R})$ is a phase. We denote ${\bf R}=({\bf r}_1, ..., {\bf r}_N)$ for a set of coordinates of $N$ fermionic particles. If we substitute $\Psi$ into the imaginary-time
 Schr\"odinger equation we get the following real and imaginary components
\begin{eqnarray}
-\partial_{\tau} \rho &=& [T+V+(\nabla\Phi)^2/2]\rho \\
-\partial_{\tau} \Phi &=&  [T\Phi - \rho^{-1}\nabla\rho.\nabla\Phi]
\end{eqnarray}
The imaginary part describes a conservation of
the phase flow. The real part is actually the relation that
provides the eigenvalue, ie, its solution
 converges to the desired eigenstate in the limit $\lim_{t\to\infty} \rho(t)$.
We employ the
machinery of projector quantum Monte Carlo methods that formally write the solution as a projection
\begin{equation}
\rho_{ground}=\lim_{\tau\to\infty} \exp\{-\tau[T+V+(\nabla\Phi)^2/2]\}\rho_T
\end{equation}
where $\rho_T$
is an arbitrary positive amplitude and $\rho_{ground}$ is the ground state of the symmetry that is determined solely by the phase. Note that seemingly we have avoided the fermion sign problem since the amplitude that is to be sampled
is non-negative everywhere. However, the source of the bias related to the avoidance of the fermion sign problem now becomes the potential term generated by the phase. Obviously, for a general eigenstate the phase is typically unknown and has to be approximated as outlined later.
As it is also well-known, the fixed-phase is a special case of the fixed-node method, a simple demonstration can be found, for example,
in \cite{melton2016b} and it is also demonstrated on an example that follows.

Before we formulate the fixed-phase approximation
it is instructive to sketch a
simple problem with the phase.
We will be testing the fixed-phase bias on an atomic $p$-state
and since it is easy to create a complex version of such state
we will
use it for an illustration as well. Consider the following complex wave function
that is the  one-particle
ground state of $p-$symmetry for atomic Coulomb potential $V(r)=-1/r$
\begin{equation}
\psi=(x+icy)e^{-r/2}=r_{xy}h(r)\exp(i\Phi)
=\rho(r)\exp(i\Phi)
\end{equation}
where $c$ is a real constant. We have denoted
$r_{xy} =\sqrt{x^2+c^2y^2}$, $h(r)=\exp(-r/2)$ and let us
remind that $r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}$, in contrast with $r_{xy}$.
We find
\begin{equation}
\Phi= \cot^{-1} (cy/x)
\end{equation}
and then we easily derive
\begin{equation}
\nabla\Phi= (cy/r_{xy}^2){\bf x}_0 -(cx/r_{xy}^2){\bf y}_0
\end{equation}
where unit vectors ${\bf x}_0, {\bf y}_0$ correspond to $x,y$ directions. The potential generated by the phase is given by
\begin{equation}
V_{ph}(c)=(1/2)(\nabla \Phi)^2 = { c^2 \over 2} {x^2+y^2 \over  r_{xy}^4}
\end{equation}
where $c$ plays a role of  a parameter.
It is straightforward to verify that the amplitude$\rho(r)=r_{xy}h(r)$ fulfills the Schrodinger equation
\begin{equation}
\left[T-1/r +{c^2\over 2}{x^2+y^2)\over (x^2+c^2y^2)^2}\right]\rho(r)=E_{0p}\rho(r)
\end{equation}
where $E_{0p}=-1/8$ is the well-known hydrogenic eigenvalue for the $p-$state.
It is clear that applying QMC methods to solve this equation would be straightforward. At the same time, it is equally straightforward to apply the fixed-node method, say, by using the trial function
$\Psi_T=x\exp(-r/2)$ that has a node at the plane $x=0$ and to obtain an equivalent solution with the same eigenvalue, as had been done
in the early days of QMC by Anderson \cite{anderson76}.
The example although seemingly trivial enables to illustrate the following two points. First, the fixed-node solution can be obtained
by taking the limit $c\to\infty$ of the fixed-phase potential
\begin{equation}
\lim_{c\to\infty} V_{ph}(c) = V_{\infty}\delta({\bf R}-{\bf R}_{\Gamma})
\end{equation}
where $V_{\infty}$ diverges as $const/c^2$ away from the origin and
\begin{equation}
{\bf R}_{\Gamma}=\{{\bf R}; x=0\}
\end{equation}
so that the fixed-phase potential becomes a fixed-node potential that is more naturally understood as a zero value boundary condition applied on the wave function. The limit fixed-phase $\to$ fixed-node can be constructed completely generally as we have shown previously
\cite{melton2016b}.
Second point is that we constructed a whole
{\em manifold} of phase potentials  $V_{ph}(c)$ parametrized by $c$ for which the solution of the corresponding Schrodinger equation is
{\em exact}. This is quite remarkable and shows that complex wave functions enable us to formulate the Schrodinger eigenvalue problem
in a somewhat new setting that might open new possibilities
for constructing approximations that avoid the fermion sign problem.

\begin{figure*}[!t]
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{C-a0-b0-5.pdf}
        \caption{$\alpha = 0$, $\beta = 0$}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{C-a1-b2-20.pdf}
        \caption{$\alpha = 1$, $\beta = 2$}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{C-a1-b10-5.pdf}
        \caption{$\alpha = 1$, $\beta = 10$}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{Nodal surfaces for $\psi^T_C$ for various distortion parameters. Note that (b) is plotted for $x,y,z \in [-10,10]$~a.u. whereas (c) is plotted from $x,y,z \in [-2.5,2.5]$~a.u. The distortion is more localized at the origin for larger $\beta$.}
    \label{fig:nodes}
\end{figure*}

In fact, this fits our current purposes and we admit
that we do not know the exact phase
and we have to introduce some compromise.
In the fixed-phase approximation
the exact phase is replaced by an appropriate
trial wave function phase \cite{ortiz}
so that the corresponding potential is given as
\begin{equation}
V_{ph}= (\nabla\Phi)^2/2 \approx V_{ph,T}= (\nabla\Phi_T)^2/2
\end{equation}
where the trial function is $\Psi_T=\rho_T\exp(i\Phi_T)$.
The properties of the QMC method with approximate $V_{ph,T}$ are easy to understand.
In particular, irregardless of  admissible $V_{ph,T}$, the method is variational as was stated very early on \cite{ortiz}.
This is easy to see since not only for $\rho_T$ but for {\em arbitrary} $\rho$ the variational wave function
$\Psi=\rho\exp(i\Phi_T)$ will lead to an upper bound to the exact energy that is given by
\begin{equation}
E_{var}=\langle \Psi |(T+V)|\Psi \rangle=
\langle \rho |(T+V+V_{ph,T})|\rho\rangle.
\end{equation}
Clearly, the repulsive potential generated by an approximate
phase can only raise the total energy. The variational theorem also implies that the bias will be proportional to the square of the trial wave function error, therefore one expects that the fixed-phase method will have similar behavior as the more familiar fixed-node approach.
The question is whether the fixed-phase bias will not only have similar behavior but, more importantly, how large  the corresponding errors will be. In order to provide some insight into this question we will first study the following simple problem based on distortion of the exact node for the $p$-state as presented below.
Before we analyze this model we want to introduce the importance sampling for the fixed-phase method that is achieved by multiplying
the equation
\begin{equation}
-\partial_{\tau} \rho = [T+V+(\nabla\Phi_T)^2/2]\rho
\end{equation}
with the trial amplitude $\rho_T$ and after arrangements we get
the following equation for the product $g=\rho\rho_T$
\begin{multline}
	\label{importance-sampling} -\frac{\partial g(\mathbf{R},\tau)}{\partial \tau} = -\frac{1}{2}\nabla^2 g(\mathbf{R},\tau) + \nabla \cdot \left[ \mathbf{v}_D(\mathbf{R}) g(\mathbf{R},\tau)\right] \\
    + \left[ E_L(\mathbf{R}) - E_T \right] g(\mathbf{R},\tau)
\end{multline}
where we have included an energy offset $E_T$.
The importance sampling introduces the drift velocity
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{v}_D(\mathbf{R}) = \nabla \ln  \rho_T(\mathbf{R}) = \rho_T^{-1}(\mathbf{R}) \nabla \rho_T(\mathbf{R})
\end{equation}
and the local energy
\begin{equation}
  \label{eqn:local_energy}  E_L(\mathbf{R})  = \rho_T^{-1}(\mathbf{R}) \left[ -\frac{1}{2} \nabla^2 + V + \frac{1}{2}\left| \nabla \Phi_T(\mathbf{R})\right|^2 \right] \rho_T(R)
\end{equation}
These expressions are similar to the ones that appear in the fixed-node approach \cite{qmcrev} and can be solved by the same algorithm.

\subsection{Simple model for comparing fixed-node vs. fixed-phase approximations}\label{section:FNvsFP}
Perhaps the simplest way how to study the differences between the fixed-node and fixed-phase approximations is consider a toy model with one electron subject to a central potential, namely 3D harmonic oscillator (HO) and Coulomb (C) potentials, with Hamiltonians
\begin{eqnarray}
    H_{HO} &=& -\frac{1}{2}\nabla^2 + \frac{1}{2} r^2 \\
    H_{C} &=& -\frac{1}{2}\nabla^2 - \frac{1}{r}
\end{eqnarray}

The ground state of these Hamiltonians are familiar, and are entirely nodeless. However, if we consider the first excited state of $p$ symmetry wiht the states being real, there is exactly one nodal plane. The eigenstates and eigenvalues (a.u.) for HO and C are respectively given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_{HO}(r) &=&  z e^{-r^2/2}, \quad E = 5/2 \\
\psi_C(r) &=& z e^{-r/2},\quad  E = -1/8
\end{eqnarray}
Since the exact eigenstates and nodal surface are known, any distortion to the nodal surface will yield the corresponding fixed-node error using the fixed-node DMC method.
We therefore construct trial wave functions with distorted nodal surfaces of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
    \label{distorted_HO}
    \psi_{HO}^T &=& c_0 z e^{-r^2/2} + \alpha c_1(\beta)x e^{-\beta r^2/2} \\
    \label{distorted_C}
    \psi_{C}^T &=& d_0 z e^{-r/2} + \alpha d_1(\beta) x e^{-\beta r/2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the distortion parameters
while the normalization constants are given as $c_0=\sqrt{2/\pi^{3/2}}$,
$c_1(\beta)=\sqrt{2\beta^{5/2}/\pi^{3/2}}$,
$d_0=\sqrt{1/32\pi}$,
$d_1(\beta)=\sqrt{\beta^5/32\pi}$.
To illustrate the effect of the distortion parameters, nodal surfaces for several distortion parameters are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:nodes}.

In order to compare the fixed-node and fixed-phase errors of {\em equivalently} distorted wave functions, we construct complex versions of the wave functions in equations (\ref{distorted_HO}) \& (\ref{distorted_C}), namely
\begin{eqnarray}
    \begin{split}
       \psi_{HO}^T = c_0 z e^{-r^2/2} + \alpha c_1(\beta) x e^{-\beta r^2/2} \\ + i \left( c_0 y e^{-r^2/2} + \alpha c_1(\beta) x e^{-\beta r^2/2}\right)
    \end{split}	\\
    \begin{split}
    \psi_{C}^T = d_0 z e^{-r/2} +  \alpha d_1(\beta) x e^{-\beta r/2} \\ + i\left(d_0 y e^{-r/2} +  \alpha d_1(\beta) x e^{-\beta r/2} \right)
\end{split}
\end{eqnarray}
which were used to construct trial amplitudes and phases.

Since these wave functions are equivalent and should yield the same variational energy, we performed the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) calculations for each value of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ to ensure the energy was the same for the fixed-node (using $\psi_T$) and the fixed-phase (using $\rho_T$ and $\phi_T$). We then performed diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations for each system \cite{qmcrev,ortiz}. We compare the percentage error for both approximations and
the results for both Hamiltonians are shown in Table I.
For both Hamiltonians, we see excellent agreement at the VMC level, indicating that the trial wave functions are indeed equivalent.

\begin{table*}[!t]
    \label{table:FNvsFP}
    \caption{Total energies (a.u.) of harmonic oscillator (HO) and Coulomb (C) systems in VMC,  fixed-node (FN) DMC and fixed-phase (FP) DMC methods, for various wave function distortions.
}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{|ccc|ccc|ccc|}
	\hline\hline
    &Hamiltonian &&& HO &&& C &\\
    \hline\hline
	$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & Method & VMC & DMC & $\%$ error & VMC & DMC & $\%$ error\\
	\hline
	0.1 & 1.1 & FN & 2.50011(2) & 2.50010(3) & 0.004(1)  & -0.124988(2) & -0.124987(4) & 0.009(3) \\
	    &     & FP & 2.50011(1) & 2.50010(2) & 0.0042(8) & -0.124987(1) & -0.124987(3) & 0.010(2)\\
	\hline
	& 2.0 & FN & 2.5062(1)  & 2.5038(1) & 0.153(5) & -0.12376(2) & -0.12405(5) & 0.75(4)\\
	&     & FP & 2.50620(9) & 2.5051(1) & 0.205(5) & -0.12376(2) & -0.12393(3) & 0.84(3) \\
	\hline
	& 5.0 & FN & 2.5395(4) & 2.5208(5) & 0.83(2) & -0.1051(3) & -0.1205(2) & 3.5(2)\\
	&     & FP & 2.5396(3) & 2.5271(5) & 1.08(2) & -0.1051(4) & -0.1197(3) & 4.1(2)\\
	\hline
	& 10.0 & FN & 2.6001(8) & 2.5365(8) & 1.46(3) &  -0.024(4) & -0.1210(2) & 3.1(2) \\
	&      & FP & 2.6002(8) & 2.5457(6) & 1.82(2) &  -0.025(4) & -0.1203(3) & 3.6(2) \\
	\hline
	1.0 & 1.1 & FN & 2.5056(1) & 2.5041(2) & 0.16(1) & -0.12437(1) & -0.12442(3) & 0.46(2)\\
	    &     & FP & 2.5056(1) & 2.5046(2) & 0.18(1) & -0.12437(1) & -0.12441(4) & 0.47(3)\\
	\hline
	    & 2.0 & FN & 2.812(1)  & 2.585(2) & 3.40(9) & -0.0624(3) & -0.1143(5) & 8.4(4)\\
	    &     & FP & 2.8127(9) & 2.623(1) & 4.93(6) & -0.0625(3) & -0.1114(5) & 10.8(4) \\
	\hline
	    & 5.0 & FN & 4.500(6) & 2.734(3) & 9.3(1)  & 0.874(5) & -0.1070(8) & 14.3(6)\\
	    &     & FP & 4.499(5) & 2.821(3) & 12.8(1) & 0.875(5) & -0.1044(8) & 16.4(6) \\
	\hline
	    & 10.0 & FN & 7.56(2) & 2.719(2) & 8.79(8)  & 4.93(4) & -0.113(1) & 9.2(8) \\
	    &      & FP & 7.56(2) & 2.773(3) & 10.94(8) & 4.90(5) & -0.1122(9) & 10.2(7)\\
	\hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{table*}

Note that for larger node/phase distortions the fixed-phase bias is larger than the fixed-node bias although even for the largest distortions they remain of the same order of magnitude. The fact that the fixed-phase error is larger is not too difficult to understand since the corresponding repulsive potential $V_{ph}$
acts in the full $3N$-dimensional space of $N$ particles in 3D while the fixed-node shrinks into a $(3N-1)$-dimensional hypersurface. Although the vanishing of the wave function on this hypersurface distorts it in the whole space,
the resulting bias appears to be smaller.

Note that although our model appears to be trivially of a one-particle type it is actually more general and reaches beyond the one-particle picture. In particular, for the harmonic oscillator it applies to a two-particle case with arbitrary interaction.  The reason is that in this case the exact nodal surface for the
$p$-state is exactly known since the symmetry of HO enables to reformulate the Schrodinger equation in the center of mass and relative coordinates. In turn, this shows that the exact eigenstate for the two-particle $P$-symmetry triplet is
given analytically
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{exact} = (z_1-z_2) f(r_1,r_2,r_{12})
\end{equation}
where $f$ is a non-negative function
so that the exact node is given by $z_1=z_2$ \cite{taut}. Therefore, the study serves also as the simplest model for a two-particle interacting case.

\subsection{Real wave function recast into a complex form.}

After analyzing simple model it is interesting to ponder how the fixed-phase method would behave for a non-trivial interacting system with more than two particles so that electronic spin and corresponding symmetries enter the picture.
Perhaps the simplest system in this respect is the Li atom. This system has another advantage that its nodal surface is very well approximated by the single-reference Slater-Jastrow wave function
\begin{equation}
\Psi = {\rm det}^{\uparrow}[\phi_{1s},\phi_{2s}] \phi^{\downarrow}_{2s}\exp(U)
\end{equation}
 that provides accuracy better than 1 mHa for the total energy. Here we assume that the orbitals $\{\phi_i\},\{\phi_j\}$
are calculated in orbital theories such as Hartree-Fock or similar
and $U$ is an appropriate Jastrow factor.
In the extension of our arguments from the previous part we will use results from the very recent progress in treatment of the spin degrees of freedom in QMC \cite{melton16a, melton2016b}. In particular, for systems with spin-orbit interactions the wave function cannot be written in the above Slater-Jastrow form since the value (ie, orientation) of the spin varies; one has to write the wave function as an antisymmetric product of one-particle spinors. In general, the one-particle spinor is given as
\begin{equation}
\chi({\bf r},s) =\phi^{\uparrow}({\bf r})\chi^{\uparrow}(s)+\phi^{\downarrow}({\bf r})\chi^{\downarrow}(s)
\end{equation}
where $\chi^{\uparrow,\downarrow}(s)$ are corresponding spin functions.
The spin $s$ is treated as continuous (periodic) variable in the interval
$(0,2\pi)$ and the spin functions are chosen as $\chi^{\uparrow}(s)=\exp(+ is)$, $\chi^{\downarrow}(s)=\exp(-is)$. The reasoning is further elaborated
in the mentioned papers. Using this representation enables one to exploit
continuous sampling similarly to the usual spatial variables
and also much of the existing formalism for such calculations.
In this respect we can write the antisymmetric part of the trial wave function for the Li atom ground state $^2S(1s^22s)$ as follows
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{T, anti}({\bf R, S}) = {\rm det}[\phi_{1s}\chi^{\uparrow}, \phi_{1s}\chi^{\downarrow},\phi_{2s}\chi^{\uparrow}]
\end{equation}
where ${\bf S}=(s_1,s_2,s_3)$ denotes the spin coordinates.
Note that unlike the fixed-node trial function, that is essentially a product of spin-up and -down terms, there is only
{\em one} determinant present here and it includes {\em both} spin channels. The full trial wave function $\Psi_T=\Psi_{T,anti} \exp(U)$ includes the Jastrow factor with electron-electron and
electron-ion correlation terms as further elaborated elsewhere
\cite{melton2016b}.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \caption{Total energy of the Li atom using the fixed-node medthod (FNDMC, constant full line), with error bar interval (dashed lines), compared with the fixed-phase, complex wave function (FPSODMC) formulation a function of the time step for spin degrees of freedom. The spatial coordinates were evolved with the time step $\tau_{spatial}=0.001$ a.u. Further details are explained in the text.}
    \label{fig:Li_atom}
    \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{plot_FN_vs_FP.pdf}
\end{figure}

In effect, the wave function is a linear combination
of three possibilities of how the spins up and down are assigned to the three particles. Let us define the following functions
\begin{equation}
\eta(s_1,s_2,s_3)=
e^{i(s_1+s_2-s_3)}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
D({\bf r}_1,{\bf r}_2, {\bf r}_3) ={\rm det}[\phi_{1s}({\bf r}_1),
\phi_{2s}({\bf r}_2)]\phi_{1s}({\bf r}_3)
\end{equation}
Then we can write the trial function as
\begin{multline}
\Psi_T({\bf R,S})= \eta(s_1,s_2,s_3)D({\bf r}_1,{\bf r}_2, {\bf r}_3) \\
-\eta(s_2,s_3,s_1)D({\bf r}_2,{\bf r}_3, {\bf r}_1)
+\eta(s_3,s_2,s_1)D({\bf r}_3,{\bf r}_2, {\bf r}_1)
\end{multline}
so that it can be readily employed in the fixed-phase framework.
This is, in fact, the correct complete wave function for
the given state \cite{gill} as it takes into account the antisymmetry fully. Note that during the particle exchange, say, $1 \leftrightarrow 2$, {\em both} spatial {\em and} spin degrees of freedom are exchanged so that the symmetry of the wave function
should explicitly reflect that \cite{gill}.
Indeed, it is a combination of three possibilities how the spin projections can be distributed among the three electrons in this doublet state.
Clearly, more common is the fixed assignment of the spin (projection) to a given particle. That picks up one of the three spatial possibilities
as it is routinely done in many approaches. Note that all three spatial determinants are equivalent, ie, related just by corresponding particle relabeling that does not affect the values of most of the expectations. Therefore both in quantum chemical calculations and also in QMC the focus is to calculate only the ``irreducible" spatial part, ie, one of the three possibilities that simplifies the problem so that it is enough to solve only for the spatial part of the wave function.
Note that it is indeed a combination of three possibilities how the spin for a doublet state can be distributed among three electrons. Consequently, it is also a linear combination of real wave functions that have different nodes corresponding to different particle spin assignments (``rotations") and
correspondingly different but equivalent spatial determinantal parts.  The linear prefactors are  complex and depend solely on the spins. In this manner we succeeded in complexifying the wave function so that fixed-phase method can be used to carry out the sampling and the whole calculation. It is obvious that now we explicitly consider both spatial and spin degrees of freedom
on the same footing. In order to evolve also the spin degrees of freedom we introduce a ``kinetic energy" operator that is given by
\begin{equation}
H_s({\bf S})=-(1/2\mu_s)\sum_i \left[ {\partial^2\over \partial s_i^2}+1\right]
\end{equation}
and it is added to the original Hamiltonian.
$H_s$ includes also energy offset so that this term does not
contribute to the total energy. In actual calculations the effective spin mass $\mu_s$ plays a role of the spin time step that could be, in general, different from the spatial time step. Indeed this was how we carried out the calculations for the Li atom using the fixed-phase method with the trial function outlined above.
The one-particle orbitals were expanded in a gaussian basis with
18 primitive functions. We checked that for our purposes the fixed-node calculation is very close to the fixed-node result with marginal difference of about 0.1 mHa due to the spatial time step bias.
The Fig. \ref{fig:Li_atom} shows the results from the fixed-phase calculations with spin time step varying over three orders of magnitude compared with the usual fixed-node result. The important result is that there appears to be an increase in the bias from the fixed-phase formulation, however,
it is very small of the order of 0.1 mHa, which is comparable to our overall time step bias that is already very marginal. Note that this fixed-phase bias seems to be uniform irregardless of the spin time step. Clearly, this shows that one can usefully reformulate the fixed-node setting into the fixed-phase framework without loosing any crucial accuracy. This opens interesting avenues to explore this method for other systems.

\subsection{Conclusions}
We have presented analysis and a few examples that compared the properties of the fixed-phase approximation with the
better known, but closely related, fixed-node approximation.
For illustration we have chosen a few-particle systems that
enabled analytic treatment and also allowed for using essentially exact fixed-node results as references. We found that both approximations behave similarly with the fixed-phase results being very close to the fixed-node method whenever nodes/phase were  of high and comparable
accuracy. The fixed-phase exhibited
larger errors when distortions in the nodes/phase was intentionally driven to unrealistically large values. We have also presented
a formalism that enables to describe wave functions with the full antisymmetry in spin-spatial degrees of freedom using our recently developed method for systems with significant
spin-orbit interactions. This opens new possibilities for
simulations of {\em any} fermionic system in the fixed-phase
approximation formalism.

\subsection{Acknowledgments}

This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Award DE-SC0012314. For calculations we used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are very grateful for an
additional allocation at ANL Mira machine and for kind support from Dr. Anouar Benali. Part of the calculations have been carried out also at TACC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Cashmere tablecloth from the Episode collection. This fine tablecloth is made in Spain out of 75% Cotton and 25%Linen. Cashmere tablecloths boast a brightly colored design on a smooth cream background. Available sizes include: 52"X70", 60"X84", 60"X104", 60"X120" And 70" Rnd.


Co-founded by Redwoods Music impresario Al Howard and keyboardist Josh Rice in 2009, the Heavy Guilt hung things up after their third and arguably best album, Heavy Guilt, in 2014. So why come back now, after a three-year hiatus?
Friday, June 23, 2017, 8 p.m.
The upcoming album, titled Spectral Hearts, is a departure for the band, previously known for their vintage, soulful sound.
"It's definitely a bit more aggressive and quicker paced," says Howard. "I think we did a decent job of honoring what we were and trying something different. We used a lot more odd keys and synths on this record, as well as the Hammond and Rhodes sound from prior recordings….
The Heavy Guilt will debut their new material (produced by singer/guitarist/songwriter Erik Canzona, Howard, and Jordan Andreen and currently being mixed at Audio Design) at the Casbah on June 23. The release is scheduled for the fall.


My LaunchPad reports "Cannot determine JET HOME". How can I fix it?
Is it possible to dynamically load a class file?
The update is only for 3.11 How about 3.0 registered user?
I am using Java communication API, JET300 generated EXE file is not working with it. I believe that Java is using a win32com.dll Could you pls advise how we can use this DLL?
Does JET 3.0 support JDO?
Do you have a schedule for testing JDO?
Can I ODBC to Database fm NT Service?
Yes, you are right. It works now. Thank you for your help.
Any status of Linux porting?
My last information above the Linux porting will be mid/2003. Will it be specific to a particular provider such as Red Hat or Suse or Mandrake, etc? or generic for the kernel version? How can I become a beta tester for you?
I cannot agree. I am using English W2000+SP3, SQL2000+SP2 Everything on a single machine, not networking I log on as Administrator I have created a testing ODBC, testing user and testing user password, etc. My development has been done over 6 months using the above setting. I have also created a testing Java application will the same ODBC setting and same user ID and same password. The Java application has also been compiled with standard JET3.00 (purchased in Feb'2003). It works fine. When I try to compile a testing apps using your sample "SimpleSample" with added testing codes (mentioned in my first msg), it reports error. I try to follow your advice by installing the latest JET311, the same error comes out. The account setting in the W2K service is NOT the same as ODBC user name and password (as far as I know). Unless JET is using it, isn't it??? Anyway, I think this is a critical BUG. My customer is started to show dissappointed. If I am willing to PAY immediately by upgrading to the JET311 Professional Edition with Premium support, please advise your agreement of support level, service quality and response time. Moreover, pls confirm that this BUG will be fixed.
If I purchase the software with CD delivery, will the CD contain more contents than my download from your site?
Will future JET be ported to J2ME?
Actually, after the failure of just copying the *.dll, I have tried again by copying everything from JET\BIN into the directory of the generated exe file. Same error, no improvement.


Last week, we talked about mistakes parents make with their college-bound teens. But, research shows that parents who are involved have academically successful students, have kids who are less likely to participate in at-risk behavior, and have kids who are more likely to make good financial decisions.
Encourage them–Teenagers need encouragement and support, especially from their parents.
Talk about money-Decide early in the college process what your family can afford and discuss it with your teen.
Listen-Parents should listen to what their teenager wants and needs, alleviating any surprises during college selection.
Allow them to decide-Let them make their own decisions; step back and let them show you they can make wise ones.
Be a "present" parent-Parents tend to become less involved as their kids get older; the college prep process is when they need you the most.
It's no secret that today's parents are more involved with their kids than ever before. It's tempting for all of us to do too much, push too much, and expect too much. The key is to focus on the positive ways you can influence your teen, and stay away from the negative parenting behavior that has a detrimental effect on your child. It's not easy; but raising an independent adult is worth its reward. No parent wants to see their dependent child not be able to function on his own .
The results of this type of parenting have created the boomerang generation; adult children returning home because they either can't function on their own or can't financially survive after graduation. Use these five positive parenting tips to ensure that your college-bound teen grows up to be a happy, independent adult.


text:
Vote Democratic on election day …
For what it's worth, The Review is offering its endorsements in the Nov. 6 General Election.
There are no local offices on the ballot. Normally we shy away from endorsing state and national races because we lack the resources to check into all of the candidates and issues.
But with this being a presidential election, and since there are so many ballot questions, well, we decided why not?
Hamtramck voters hardly need a nudging to go one way or another since this is a predominantly Democratic leaning town.
For most voters, they will likely vote a straight Democratic ticket. We couldn't agree more.
And that means we give a big thumbs up for another four years for President Obama. In our mind, Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney is a seriously flawed candidate.
But according to the polls, this election is, at the time we wrote this editorial, neck and neck. How can that be? We'll let the historians and political analysts figure that one out.
As for the six ballot questions, we agree on supporting the controversial emergency manager proposal (which is proposal 12-1).
As for the others that require a constitutional amendment, we normally would be opposed to tying the hands of legislators. We need to allow the legislature to remain flexible to the changing times of today and in the future.
However, we do think Proposal 2, the one about supporting the right of unions to collective bargaining, should be supported. There are enough federal and state laws that would still allow legislators to remain flexible on labor matters.
Without a doubt, we have the unions to credit for creating the middle class. There are powerful forces out there, funded by corporations and billionaires, who would love to turn back the clock on the working class.
No matter what you believe in, we urge everyone who is registered to vote to exercise one of our most important rights.
Remember, go out and vote on Nov. 6.


I'm delighted to welcome Kelly Labrecque as HBG's newest employee. Kelly's experience includes one of the most respected cancer care organizations in the world, the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, and Wheaton College, a traditionally all-women's college and now a co-ed institution. Experience at two different types of nonprofit organization gives Kelly a great prospect research edge.
Kelly's been with us for just a month, but already she has impressed me with her willingness to volunteer for special projects and her interest in providing a 360-degree view of prospective donors in her profiles.
She is an active member of the New England Development Research Association (NEDRA) and the Association of Professional Researchers for Advancement (APRA). Please join me in welcoming Kelly!


Sometimes we can forget how easy it is to show our husbands appreciation and that we love them. This is an act that is often overlooked, but, oh so, important. Men need to feel loved and appreciated too. When you show your husband little signs of appreciation and love it will do miracles for your marriage.
Step back for a moment and think of all the little things that your husband does for you on a daily basis, which you simply take for granted. Now, granted they do not do a whole lot but when they do even the littlest act of kindness needs to be acknowledged with appreciation. Go into detail about what he did and tell him why it means so much to you.
Your anniversary is coming up and you want to show him your love and appreciation in the form of a gift, and you are unsure of exactly what to get. Well, here are a few ideas that might spark some interest to you. When you select some type of gadget, food, or sports related item, you simply cannot go wrong. Men are usually pretty easy to please but remember you want your gift to be something that will be special to him.
There are lists out there that will tell you exactly what is appropriate for each year of marriage. For example, paper is what is traditionally given for the 1st year anniversary. You are thinking paper! Be creative with paper for instance: buy him some picture paper for the printer and include a new digital camera. Perhaps you would rather make him a scrapbook page of your wedding photos and events that happened to you during your first year of marriage. After you complete your scrapbook page, add it to an engraved photo frame for him to show off at work on his desk.
Clocks or watches also make great gifts for men. A man can show their style with a unique watch and only he would know that there was a secret message from you engraved on the back. Clocks can ultimately be a reminder of you and your wedding day when you present him with a new funky styled clock.
If your husband is a sports buff, you can purchase tickets for him and a few friends to the sporting event of the year, or maybe even purchase him some new golf clubs.


Round and round you go! Your child sets the pace – spinning slowly relaxes; spinning quickly develops balance. When your child pulls down the hood, it becomes a cozy hideaway.
-With the hood pulled down the chair is a secret hiding place for a child.
-The fabric lets light in so it's never completely dark under the hood.
-Spinning helps the brain sort sensory impressions.
-Add a cushion or pad for more comfort.
Total height: 32 1/4 "
Seat height: 6 3/4 "
Since 2003, children throughout the world have spun, hidden and created their own cozy space in LÖMSK swivel armchair. Designer Monika Mulder got inspiration for the armchair from her own childhood. It was not allowed at home to spin around in her father's large swivel armchair in leather – to Monika's great disappointment. At the time, neither of them knew that the desired spinning could not only have been a fun game, but would have actually contributed to developing her balance.
"As a child I was constantly doing handstands and I loved rocking and spinning. My father's armchair was enticing, so as an adult I had the idea that there should be swivel armchairs adapted for children", Monika explains. But when she had the opportunity to develop an armchair for the first IKEA PS collection for children, making it possible to spin was not enough for her. The egg-shaped LÖMSK armchair was also given a hood that can be pulled down so that the armchair turns into a secret hiding place or a cozy space to read in peace. Proof that Monika, and the engineers who helped her develop LÖMSK, were on the right track is seen every time she visits Children's IKEA at a store. "The armchair is never empty, a child is actually always sitting in it."
Child psychologist Barbie Clarke, who has extensively researched children and their development, has also seen how LÖMSK acts like a magnet to children in the store. Barbie believes one of the reasons is that it can be transformed with the hood. "Children love things that change into something else. It stimulates the imagination and gives a feeling of having magical powers. With the hood pulled down, children can hide or get some alone time." But spinning in the armchair is not just a fun game, it also contributes to important physical development, explains Barbie. "When children climb, hang upside down, run, balance and spin, their sensory systems develop ─ particularly their balance. It's important since it gives children a sense of security and control over their movements. They then find it easier to keep their balance and avoid falls and accidents."
Since developing LÖMSK, Monica has had four children of her own who have all played with the armchair – and not always in ways she had in mind. "In our home, it has been used as a toy stove, so that sometimes when the room is to be quickly cleaned, everything from the floor is hidden under the pulled down hood. Later in the evening, LÖMSK often looks like a glowing ball when one of the children sits inside it with a tablet." For Monika, the fact that children use LÖMSK in unexpected ways is positive. As a designer, she wants to contribute to more imagination and games. "Through play, children learn many important things. In a pretend world, they can comfortably prepare for adult life ─ with nothing predetermined. It's the imagination of children that decides what LÖMSK should be. I'm perfectly fine with it if they want to turn it on its side and use the round base as a steering wheel."


text:
However, as cultures turn into extra refined, national nuances appear within the style and references so that what's amusing in one tradition could also be unintelligible in another. Among literature's many genres are some designed, in complete or in part, purely for entertainment. Limericks, for instance, use verse in a strict, predictable rhyme and rhythm to create humour and to amuse an audience of listeners or readers. Interactive books similar to "choose your own journey" could make literary leisure extra participatory. In the 21st century, as with grownup merchandise, a lot leisure is out there for children on the internet for private use.
Rembrandt's work, now praised for its ephemeral virtues, was most admired by his contemporaries for its virtuosity. Nevertheless, a classical realist tradition persisted in small Byzantine works, and realism steadily grew within the artwork of Catholic Europe. Art is a diverse vary of human activities in creating visible, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the writer's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, meant to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional energy. Other actions associated to the manufacturing of works of art embody the criticism of art, the research of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination[clarification wanted] of artwork. Milling, Jane; Donohue, Joseph W.; Thomson, Peter, eds.
High artwork is appreciated by those with essentially the most cultivated style. Low art is for the masses, accessible and easily comprehended.
There are totally different shows in theaters you could enjoy. If you are a music fan, then a musical theatre performance will cheer you up and fill you with joy. If you're extra a fan of the classics, then a fantastic play can provide you goosebumps.
With regards to the literary artwork and the musical arts, Aristotle considered epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, dithyrambic poetry and music to be mimetic or imitative artwork, every various in imitation by medium, object, and manner. For instance, music imitates with the media of rhythm and harmony, whereas dance imitates with rhythm alone, and poetry with language. Comedy, for instance, is a dramatic imitation of men worse than average; whereas tragedy imitates males barely higher than common.
The connections between the several types of entertainment are shown by the way in which that stories like this encourage a retelling in one other medium, corresponding to music, film or video games. For instance, composers Rimsky-Korsakov, Ravel and Szymanowski have each been inspired by the Scheherazade story and turned it into an orchestral work; director Pasolini made a film adaptation; and there may be an innovative video game based mostly on the tale. Stories could also be advised wordlessly, in music, dance or puppetry for instance, corresponding to within the Javanese tradition of wayang, in which the efficiency is accompanied by a gamelan orchestra or the equally conventional Punch and Judy show.
The idea of excessive and low could be traced again to 18th century concepts about fine artwork and craft. Writers within the 1700s drew a line between work that's contemplated purely for aesthetics (nice art) and work that has some type of utility or function (craft). The nice artwork grouping of painting, sculpture, music, structure and poetry was established right now. The familiar phrase "art for art's sake" comes out of this view, and is so culturally pervasive that many individuals accept it as the "correct" way to classify art. Most persons are conscious of a distinction between high and low artwork.
They had been an integral part of courtroom entertainments and helped entertainers develop their abilities . They are additionally necessary elements of celebrations similar to coronations , weddings , birthdays civic or political achievements , navy engagements or victories as well as religious obligations . In trendy instances, banquets are commercially out there, for instance, in eating places and mixed with a performance in dinner theatres. Cooking by skilled chefs has additionally become a type of entertainment as a part of world competitions such as the Bocuse d'Or. Most types of entertainment could be or are modified to suit kids's wants and interests.
TAGS: daily, importance, within


Cast your kindly light upon your faithful, Lord, we pray, and with the splendor of your glory set their hearts ever aflame, that they may never cease to acknowledge their Savior and may truly hold fast to him. Who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.
The Magi are called "saints" for the first time in the writings of Archbishop Hildebert of Tours (1133). In the twelfth century their veneration spread over all of Europe. The authorities of the Church did not prohibit this cult, and Epiphany acquired the popular name of "Feast of the Three Holy Kings" in most countries of Europe.
The name Magi is not a Hebrew word, but of Indo-European origin, and means "great, illustrious." Saint Matthew mentioned the term without explanation because it was well known to the people of Palestine. The Magi originated in Media (Persia), and their caste later spread to other Oriental countries. They were a highly esteemed class of priestly scholars, devoting themselves not only to religion but also to the study of natural sciences, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and astrology. In several countries they were members of the king's council.
Where did the Magi come from? Saint Matthew gives a general answer: "Wise men from the East." In modern terms, it could have been from any one of the countries of Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, or India. It has never been exactly determined from which of these countries they came.
The first was called Melchior; he was an old man, with white hair and long beard; he offered gold to the Lord as to his king. The second, Gaspar by name, young, beardless, of ruddy hue, offered to Jesus his gift of incense, the homage due to Divinity. The third, of black complexion, with heavy beard, was called Baltasar; the myrrh he held in his hands prefigured the death of the Son of man.
There is an old legend that when many years had passed the Magi were visited by Saint Thomas the Apostle, who, after instructing them in Christianity, baptized them. They were then ordained to the priesthood and made bishops. It is said that once more the star of Bethlehem appeared to them and reunited them toward the end of their lives. "The city of Sewa in the Orient" is given as the place of their burial.
The legendary relics of the Magi were brought from Constantinople to Milan in the sixth century. In 1164 Emperor Frederick Barbarossa obtained them from the archbishop of Milan and transferred them to Cologne. Their shrine in Cologne was, and still is, the center of many pilgrimages.


mmmmmm . . . ann coulter soaked in coed blood . . . I really shouldnt' be turned on by that, should I?
I was. Just a little. Don't judge.
What a strange description of the lady but.
I always thought it was the umbilical offerings of newborns.
It's not working. She's not beautiful. Her legs look like broomsticks, and there are horses who envy the length of her face. Personally, in an attempt to improve her looks, I would suggest taking up a hobby, like smoking in bed.
[...] Personally, in an attempt to improve her looks, I would suggest taking up a hobby, like smoking in bed.
...after liberally applying highly flammable perfume on the sheets.
"eu de 87 octane" type perfume?


Our multidisciplinary teams partner to coordinate expertise across the spectrum of ear, nose, throat and head and neck conditions to deliver the care you need.
We work hard to improve quality of life through research, and our Ear, Nose & Throat Care patients can tap into these innovative treatment options through clinical trials.
Our otolaryngology care team delivers results that are recognized nationally by U.S. News & World Report in 2018-19.
Compassionate solutions, experience you can trust.
Meet the provider: Carly Gauche, Au.D.
Carly Gauche, Au.D., is a clinical audiologist who specializes in hearing and balance disorders. She counts good listening among her most important tools in improving her patients' hearing. View full bio.
We offer the best standard of care available for cancer and other disorders of the head and neck. Our specialists use advanced surgical techniques along with the latest radiation and chemotherapy to treat head and neck cancers, and our oncologic and reconstructive surgeons work alongside each other to successfully perform complex reconstructions.
Our Head and Neck Cancer Program, part of Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, is the Northwest's leader in head and neck cancer care. Our expert surgeons and other specialists offer innovative treatments for all types of head and neck cancers, including tongue, laryngeal, nasopharyngeal, oral, sinus, salivary gland, and thyroid, with outstanding results. Our multidisciplinary teams work closely with patients to help them recover quickly.
Sometimes malignant and benign tumors can occur near the skull base, the thin bone that separates the brain from the nose. We offer the latest skull base surgery techniques, in which otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons work together to remove tumors through the nostrils rather than through the skull. This results in shorter hospital stays, fewer complications and better outcomes for patients.
The thyroid and parathyroid glands help regulate your metabolism and calcium levels. Sometimes benign or malignant growths can occur on the thyroid gland, which is located at the base of the neck, or parathyroid glands can malfunction. We offer comprehensive screening and diagnosis along with safe, effective treatment for thyroid and parathyroid disorders.
Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a new, minimally invasive surgical technique used to treat tumors at the back of the tongue and throat. It allows patients to return home within a few days and without experiencing long-term effects on swallowing and voice. Our surgeons are national leaders in robotic surgery, and we were the first center in the region to offer this procedure.
Our otology and neurotology team specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the ear and skull base. Our providers are highly trained in the complex anatomy and physiology of the outer, middle and inner ear along with their central nervous system connections. We work closely with colleagues across related medical fields to provide expert, comprehensive care.
This is an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum, which can create significant problems with hearing and balance if left untreated. Our specialists are highly skilled at diagnosing this condition and treating it with advanced non-surgical and surgical techniques.
Dizziness and vertigo are common conditions that can have many different causes. Our specialists are highly experienced at evaluating these conditions, and offer comprehensive testing at our Dizziness and Balance Center at UW Medical Center. Depending on your diagnosis, we offer a number of effective, non-invasive and advanced surgical treatments.
This is when your eardrum develops a hole or rupture, which usually occurs as the result of injury, infection or a chronic Eustachian tube disorder. Our specialists are experts in diagnosing, treating and managing eardrum perforations.
Ear infections include middle ear infections and outer ear infections, both of which can cause pain and difficulty hearing. Our otolaryngologists are highly experienced at evaluating all types of ear infections and developing effective treatment plans based on your individual needs.
This disorder of the inner ear is characterized by recurring attacks of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus and sometimes a sense of fullness in the ear. Although there's currently no proven cure for Meniere's disease, our specialists use a variety of leading-edge therapies to help you control symptoms and manage the condition effectively.
This common condition occurs when you hear a sound in your ears that isn't coming from the environment. It may come or go and sound like ringing, hissing, roaring, tapping or clicking. Our specialists can evaluate your tinnitus in order to determine the underlying cause and offer a variety of treatments to help.
Our rhinology team provides expert, leading-edge care for diseases of the sinuses, nose and anterior skull base. We take a team approach with colleagues in other specialties to provide comprehensive, coordinated treatment plans for the whole patient. Our effective medical and minimally invasive surgical solutions help resolve common and complex disorders and improve quality of life.
This is an inflammation of the lining of the sinuses, often caused by infection or allergies. Symptoms of sinusitis include facial pressure, nasal drainage and congestion, along with fatigue. Our specialists use a team approach to diagnose sinus issues and develop an individualized treatment plan that might include medication or minimally invasive endoscopic surgery.
This is a common condition, especially in children. But when a nosebleed persists for several days or recurs frequently, a thorough evaluation is necessary. Our otolaryngologists are highly skilled at determining the source of the bleeding, and offer various treatment options such as conservative therapies, topical medicines and surgical approaches.
Our sense of smell is important to our quality of life, but it can be lost due to chronic sinusitis, cold viruses, trauma and toxin exposure. Fortunately, recent research has shown that certain treatments can help people regain smell function. Our specialists offer expert diagnosis and leading-edge interventions such as nasal endoscopy.
Our facial plastic and reconstructive surgery team partners with experts from other specialties to provide the latest treatments available in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, including advanced reconstruction techniques for head and neck defects and facial injuries. Our patients benefit from our active, NIH-funded research programs that result in new procedures and devices.
Our specialists are expert at treating both common and complex pediatric ear nose and throat problems. We offer specialty clinics for sinus problems, voice issues, swallowing and breathing difficulties, thyroid masses and palate (speech) problems.
Our sleep surgery specialists are highly trained in safe, effective, minimally invasive surgical techniques for treating snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. We comprehensively evaluate your breathing passages and use surgery to enlarge and stabilize them. Our procedures make it easier to use other non-surgical treatments like CPAP machines and dental devices if needed.
Our laryngology team specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the throat, including simple and complex voice, airway and swallowing disorders. We offer a multidisciplinary approach and state-of-the-art medical and surgical therapies. Our treatment plans are designed to maintain and recover function.
Your airway consists of your voice box (larynx) and pharynx (throat), and regulates breathing, swallowing and speaking. Damage to your airway as the result of cancer, trauma, smoking or reflux disease can result in voice, swallowing or breathing issues. We offer comprehensive testing and evaluation for airway problems, as well as a variety of surgical and non-surgical treatments.
If the muscle at the bottom of your esophagus (food pipe) doesn't work correctly, gastric acid from your stomach can back up all the way to your throat, voice box or nasal airway. Because many people with LRD don't experience heartburn, it can be hard to diagnose. Our specialists offer advanced, effective methods for diagnosing and treating this condition.
Tonsillitis is a common condition, simply an infection of the tonsils caused by a virus or bacteria. But sometimes these infections become chronic despite appropriate medical treatment. In this case, removing the tonsils (tonsillectomy) can be beneficial. Our otolaryngology surgeons are highly skilled at performing tonsillectomy in children and adults.
The vocal cords are two bands of smooth muscle tissue in the larynx, which vibrate to produce the sound of your voice. Vocal cord disorders are often caused by excessive use of the voice, as well as smoking and inhaling irritants. Our otolaryngologists are experts at diagnosing, treating and preventing vocal cord disorders using a team approach.
This a small pouch that develops in the upper part of the esophagus and causes dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). Our otolaryngologists and speech language pathologists work together as a team to diagnose and treat this condition using effective techniques like swallowing therapy, minimally invasive surgery and Botox injections.
Patients who have tumors at the base of the skull (commonly in or near the pituitary gland) benefit from our minimally invasive approaches to these tumors through the nose in conjunction with our neurosurgery team to achieve safe and complete removal with rapid recovery and maintenance of quality of life.


text:
Iran Murderer to Replace Rafsanjani as Top Advisor to Iran...
Murderer to Replace Rafsanjani as Top Advisor to Iran Supreme Leader
Iran Focus
London, 14 Jan – The replacement for the notorious Iranian politician Rafsanjani may be even worse, according to a British politician.
In an op-ed on The Hill, Struan Stevenson, the President of the European Iraqi Freedom Association (EIFA), wrote that Ebrahim Raisi may take power as the head of the Expediency Council.
This is troubling for many reasons, not least that Raisi played a key role in the 1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners, mostly from the opposition group People's Mojahedin of Iran (PMOI/MEK).
Raisi, a close ally of the supreme leader Ali Khamenei, would become the second person involved with the 1988 massacre to take on a key leadership role within the current Iranian government.
The first being Justice Minister Mostafa Pour-Mohammadi, who not only took pride in the murder of 30,000 of his own citizens but who also oversaw more arrests, imprisonments, and executions in his three-year reign, than at any point in the past 25 years.
Over 3,000 people have been executed in the past three years, among them minor offenders and children. In the first two weeks of 2017, 20 people have been executed.
Stevenson wrote: "The 1988 massacre was an atrocity that must surely rank as one of the most horrific crimes against humanity of the late twentieth century."
He noted that the mass executions were carried out in secret, punishing anyone who admitted to supporting the democratic opposition group.
PMOI members were sentenced in kangaroo courts, with trials taking on average two minutes and consisting of a maximum of four questions.
Anyone who denied being a member of the Mojahedin may have been spared the noose, but only if they agreed to slip a noose around the neck of another.
Even if they agreed to that, which most refused, they would be sent to clear landmine fields to allow the Iranian army to advance in the Iran/Iraq war, and would inevitably die or become permanently disabled.
Stevenson wrote: "It was estimated that over 30,000 political prisoners were hanged from cranes in batches of ten, every fifteen minutes from dawn to dusk between August and December 1988."
In August 2016, the Iranian Resistance forces received proof of the massacre, which had long been denied by the Regime, when the son of Hossein-Ali Montazeri, the former Deputy Supreme Leader, released an audio recording of his father admonishing the Death Committee.
On the tape, Montazeri can be heard calling the massacre a 'crime against humanity'.
He said: "The greatest crime committed during the reign of the Islamic Republic, for which history will condemn us, has been committed by you. Your names will in the future be etched in the annals of history as criminals."
For this, he was stripped of all power and for releasing the audio, his son was sentenced to 21 years' imprisonment.
Stevenson wrote that he hoped that the incoming Trump administration would work with the international community to hold the Regime to account for its crimes.
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Exceptional Customer Service in the Library Environment: Honing Your Skills
Discounts: $175 incl. GST for LIANZA members (Promo code: LIANZA)
$100 incl. GST for Students (Promo code: STEXCU)
Morning tea is provided.
Service is at the core of librarianship, and the value added by exceptional customer service is key to ongoing stakeholder support for all libraries. This interactive workshop will help library staff to sharpen their focus on creating and delivering services to meet and exceed the expectations of their customers. Explore the myriad ways we can strengthen customer relationships, and ensure the ongoing viability and vitality of our libraries!
Facilitated by Heidi Julien
Dr. Heidi Julien is a Professor in the Department of Information Science at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY). She is a former department chair and has taught at the University of Alberta and Dalhousie University in Canada, and Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Her research interests are interdisciplinary, with a focus on digital literacy and information behavior. She has been funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services (U.S.), among other agencies. Dr. Julien is widely published in the field's top journals, and she presents her work at highly competitive conferences. She has been a visiting professor at the University of Pretoria, Charles Sturt University, and Beijing Normal University, and she has been invited to give plenary talks around the world. She has served as editor and on the editorial board of the Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science, and on the editorial boards of Library & Information Science Research, Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal and Pakistan Journal of Information Management and Libraries. She serves on the editorial advisory boards of Information and Learning Sciences and Open Information Science. Dr. Julien is the immediate past-president of the Association for Library & Information Science Education, and a past-president of the Canadian Association of Information Science. She is also active in the Association for Information Science & Technology, where she served as chair of SIG USE.
If you cannot pay by credit card online and require an invoice - please contact us by email at conted@vuw.ac.nz


So, in the event that you are interested to get this type of hand crafted custom rustic black walnut farm table dining, you may directly proceed to the shop or simply see their website to find different references.
hand crafted custom rustic black walnut farm table dining offer you a lot of designs which will match your furniture's theme you applied. There are also many types of white like white. Happy buying!
If you prefer white tone, you might implement the white cupboards together with white shade for the other appliances and furniture of the furniture; it may make clean looks of their furniture and go well with for contemporary furniture. The different notion to be implemented is blending white color and bright colour. For this idea, the white colors nonetheless dominate the furniture however, there's some glowing color that's applied such as for its seats to the island of their furniture.
Rather than building a true bar, it could be practical and cheaper if you simply make a pub style and layout furniture island. The point is to build a furniture using a greater part in the opposite facet. You can still ready the meal readily, along with another family members can sit in front of this furniture island by using their bar table.
Those are some methods to embellish white furniture cupboard with black appliances. You can stick to the tips over to find beautiful furniture. Hopefully this information concerning adorning hand crafted custom rustic black walnut farm table dining over will be handy for you personally.
At final, choose the perfect colour. You have to choose the color which goes with your furniture chief motif. You are able to select any colour that has very similar tone to your furniture. You may also pick the colour that gives your furniture a comparison appearance. The contrast coloring for hand crafted custom rustic black walnut farm table dining will make brighter and cleaner appearance.
This Hand Crafted Custom Rustic Black Walnut Farm Table Dining the gallery form Farmhouse Outdoor Furniture. Hopefully you can find the best inspiration from our gallery here.


Every month, I look forward to getting my Ipsy Glam Bag. Now, while some months aren't as great as others (like this month's), those months are few and far between! I'm still really happy that I broke up with Birchbox and made the switch!!!
My skin stays in some weird state where it's combo skin by nature, but really dry because of my topical acne meds. This product worked fairly well and I really liked the packaging of this sample.
I hated this product. I'm not a huge fan of non-gel eyeliners anyways, but this one just wasn't for me. It was a gray color, which barely showed up on my lid. Furthermore, the formula did not glide on easily. This was a miss.
This is the perfect lip balm for winter! It tastes great and keeps the chapped lips at bay. Why I've really been into lip color lately, I think this is perfect for using around the house when you don't want to risk getting lip color on your pillow or something, as well as for using over your favorite lip color.
This was another miss for me. I love a good highlighter but hate this type of product. The color itself is pretty–I'm just not a fan of the formula. I will store it away to maybe use to highlight my collarbone for an event.
This was a really good-sized product, and probably my favorite product this month. It's a powder formula that goes on smooth. The color is a great neutral that you can wear a lot. Ipsy notes, however, that this product is only available as part of a palette set.
If you subscribe to Ipsy, what did you think about your January Glam Bag? If don't but are interested in trying Ipsy, you can sign up through my referral link here.
I'm so glad I switched from Birchbox to Ipsy, too. I loved that moisturizer's packaging!
Everything looks great! And that bag is really awesome.
I need to get this subscription once I get my first paycheck! I love it just for the simple fact that you get a bag every month. It would make up for if I didn't get the greatest makeup options one month.
You're welcome! I always enjoy product reviews myself.
Thanks for the heads up:) I made the switch.
Thanks for the tip! I know tons of people swear by coconut oil. I'll have to try it.
I'm even more excited for this month's bag and goodies!
It would be a great treat for yourself!!!
A Southern fashion + lifestyle blog by Kentucky blogger Tif Fannin, based in Lexington, Kentucky.
Some links on my blog may be affiliate links for which I receive a commission for your click-through and/or purchase. Also, some posts and/or products may be sponsored, but I'll always let you know if they are. Please know, however, that I only feature things that are relevant to my blog and that I truly love. Finally, ALL material, including but not limited to written content and photographs, is owned by me and subject to applicable copyright law.


There are no strict restrictions or standards when it comes to bedroom closet dimensions. Some closets might be on a full length of a room typically 10 – 12 feet long while others can be built only couple feet wide in order to save some bedroom space. All actual sizes and exact measurements will be determined by a room design while preparing the house plan by a designer or architect.
While planning on adding some cloths storage space you should consider not only the bedroom allowances and style, but minimum depth of the closet. Typically a 24 inches deep closet will accommodate easily most of the cloths hanged on standard hangers. Heights usually will be up to the ceiling allowing placing extra shelf over hanger rod for small items. Closets narrower than 2 feet not very common and might be good for storing shoes or other items in boxes. Bigger front to back measurements might work for keeping winter coats but unless the whole space will be practically in use there is no need in depth increase because it might be just a waste of a whole bedroom living space.
Closet door dimensions a vital factor in determining the practical usage of a whole closet. A 24 inches wide single bi-fold door in 54" wide closet might create a problem with reaching or putting stuff inside. The whole front should be easily accessible unless it is a walk in closed and door serves only as a pathway of getting inside.
Walk-in closets have to have enough room for at least one row of cloths on one side and still comfortable walkway. But in practice 6' or 72" divided into three equal parts with 24" space each for walkway in the middle and two cloths spaces on the sides typically will be recognized as a small walk-in closet. Incorporation of a closet peninsula or even separate island with multiple drawers will require more room and will work the best only in the medium or big closets with at least 9' x 9' actual dimensions.
While creating a new floor plan or just adding a new closet to existing bedroom dimensions of all rooms should be proportionally reasonable. If the whole bedroom is 12 x 12 feet than planning to add 6' x 6' closet might be not a smart design idea because it will consume 25% of a total room space unless areas other than the bedroom itself will be used for a building walk – in closet. But spacious master bedrooms will logically accommodate very convenient large closets with a possibility not only place cloth, but create an open area with mirrors for dressing up and converting the closet into the fully functional and practical dressing room.
Any type of closet can be easily organized with stock shelves and rods from any local home improvement store. Most of them very easy to mount on the walls and can be installed as a do it yourself project following manufacturer installation instructions. In order to use all space rationally prior attention should always be given to measurements in between shelves and heights between floor and rods allowing just a right space for storing particular items or hanging certain cloths sizes with no space wasted.
Hiring a company which will build custom furniture including shelves and wardrobes according to specific closet dimensions might be one of the best decisions for high end custom homes.


More than 20 years after the fall of the charismatic Congolese dictator Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the vast African country with an iron fist from 1965 to 1997, many Congolese look back fondly on the era of "Papa Marshal", as he was nicknamed. Our reporters went to DR Congo to explore the legacy of the longtime strongman. It's been 21 years since Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko was ousted as leader of the Democratic Republic of Congo, meaning 21 years since the large African country swapped dictatorship for supposed democracy. And although the country seemed to suffocate under Mobutu's autocratic regime, many Congolese now look back with nostalgia on the Zaire years, as the country was called at the time. From national pride to roads and electricity, plus a weakening of tribal influence, the successes of the "Marshal" now seem to outweigh his many failings. In the north of DR Congo, not far from the border with the Central African Republic, lies Gbadolite.
This is the location that Mobutu, the "leopard of Zaire", chose to be the stronghold of his power. Formerly a hamlet of 2,000 souls made up of a few terracotta huts, Gbadolite was transformed in the late 1960s to accommodate the dictator and his entourage. In just a few years, a modern and stylish city emerged in the heart of the rainforest. But one morning of May 1997, the village found itself frozen in time. Driven out by rebels led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Mobutu had to flee to Morocco. The Marshal's extravagant palaces were looted or destroyed. Some buildings under construction were never completed. Our reporters Horaci Garcia Marti and Thomas Nicolon visited the ruins of Gbadolite and then Kinshasa, the bustling Congolese capital, to try to understand what traces Mobutu has left on the landscape and in the wider collective consciousness. By speaking to those who worked with the dictator, plus those who suffered from his autocratic regime, our reporters explore the difficulty of moving on from a dictatorship that lasted for more than three decades.


The policy sets out the different areas where user privacy is concerned. It outlines the obligations and requirements of the users, the website and website owners. Furthermore the way this website processes, stores and protects user data and information will also be detailed within this policy.
Users contacting this website and /or its owners do so at their own discretion and provide any such personal details requested at their own risk.
Users are advised to use social media platforms wisely and communicate upon them with due care and caution in regard to their own privacy and personal details. This website nor its owners will ever ask for personal or sensitive information through social media platforms and encourage users wishing to discuss sensitive details to contact them through primary communication channels such as by telephone or email.


A common sight across the galaxy, the Diamond Transport Cruiser was another merchant vessel drafted into a more battle worthy craft at the start of the Clone Wars. Often used to carry the Commerce Guilds Homing Spider Droids and Dwarf Spider Droids into hotspots, the Cruiser was previously used more to transport employees and dignataries and even customers through its vast territories, especially in the mining regions.
The Diamond's weapon array is suspect in any large scale engagement, comprised of short range Dual Laser Cannons and even shorter range point defense batteries. The ship is maneuverable however, and can often out turn larger ships attempting to engage it.
These ships were present at the Battle of Geonosis, however did not take direct part in the conflict. The Commerce Guild President Shu Mai ordered a general withdrawal, caught unprepared by the surprise attack of the Republic and Jedi.


An International campaign to support Palestinian prisoners is set to launch Friday the 9th of May 2014. The campaign is in support of prisoners who are in hunger strike (for the past 16 days) especially those detained on administrative basis without trial.
The campaign will include an electronic move using twitter and social media websites. Different organizations and individuals across Europe will take part where over 100 languages will be used. This includes English, Arabic, French, Italian, German, Dutch, Swedish, Turkish, Russian, Ukrainian, Danish, Spanish, Greek and Bosnian languages.
The campaign is launched by the General Secretariat of Palestinians Europe in conference and will start Friday evening at 8pm London time, 9pm central Europe time. It is titled "Salt and Water" and the main Hashtag is #Water_and_Salt.
The campaign seeks to break the silence and expose the illegal practice of Israel against Palestinian prisoners who are held without trials for long time. It also seeks to engage the human rights organizations worldwide to meet their obligations and act to end Israeli policies. Additionally, it aims at pressuring these organizations to visit and investigate the conditions of Palestinian prisoners.
Parallel to the campaign information, reports and news stories will be published across the web, especially Facebook and Twitter. The campaign will continue and escalate on Sunday, 11th May 2014 where media outlets will join to raise awareness of the prisoners' plight.


Hi friends! Continuing my Hexie Holidays projects with today's tutorial showing you how to create a lovely Hexagon Tree Skirt!
This tutorial uses the same basic steps of applying hexies to your project as my Hexagon Mini Quilt.
4 strips of ribbon cut 12"
60 hexies - for these you will need 60 paper templates & 60 squares of scrap fabric cut 2.5"
Take your center piece and add your border fabric on the top and the bottom of your square, then trim to even. Now add your border fabric to the right and left sides, then trim to even. What you have should now look like the above picture.
Take your top that you just finished and layer it over your batting and your backing fabric creating a quilt sandwhich. Using your method of basting - spray baste or pins - baste your fabrics to prepare for quilting. Use the method of quilting that you enjoy! I am not a free motion quilter so I just stick to straight line quilting. Any way you choose will look great.
Take your quilted square to your cutting mat and using a rotary cutter and ruler measure out 4 inches for your cut. This will even up your square and trim away any rough edges and batting.
Now you can lay out your square and make sure every thing is even.
Fold your square in half and in half again, find your middle corner and using a clear bowl/cup draw a line around where you will make your cut. I like using a clear bowl just so I can see how my fabric is lined up underneath. **If you have a fake tree like I do - DO NOT cut a circle as large as I did! A small hole will work fine. I am telling myself that this will be a good tree skirt to use in the future on a live tree because the hole is too large for my fake tree :) Going along the line that you drew cut your circle shape out.
Take your square and fold into half once. Using your scissors cut along the fold like shown above creating the opening to your tree skirt. Remember to only cut one side!
This is what your tree skirt should look like at this point.
Take your 60 hexies, more or less if you change the size of your quilt and press them with your iron on high heat/steam to set the hexie. For more detailed instructions on this process please see this earlier post and for complete instructions on how to make a hexie I highly recommend Ellison Lane's video tutorial.
Lay your 60 hexies around the line that connects your main fabric to your border fabric. The corner pieces will be at an angle with the top two side points of the hexie on the line. This will allow all 60 pieces to fit. Play around with this layout before gluing to make sure everything fits nicely.
Now you will start to attach the hexies to the fabric. Starting with any hexie, snip the back thread and remove, remove the paper template and apply a thin line of glue around the inside border of your hexie.
Press firmly on the hexie you are gluing down. The uneven surface of the quilting is sometimes hard to glue on when using a very small amount of glue.
Back at your machine it is now time to sew down the hexies. The easiest way I have found to do this is to stitch around one side of the hexies first, going around the entire tree skirt. Once you finish one side, flip the tree skirt around and sew around the other side. I also found that rolling the tree skirt up was the easiest way to handle the size because it does become cumbersome.
Finally time to add your binding and ribbon to finish off the project! I usually bind my projects the same way I do my quilts with my machine. Feel free to machine bind or bind by hand! If you are new to binding a quilt, there are several videos online showing how to do so that are very helpful.
Take your time and pin a lot when going around the middle circle. That seemed to be the toughest to sew.
For my ribbon I just made a tie with some left over binding fabric I stitched closed. You can use ribbon, string or fabric for your tree skirt closure. For placement of the ribbon I placed one about 2 inches from the middle circle and then one 3 inches from the outside edge. Stitch the ribbon in place on the underside of your tree skirt and finish the edges with a no fray glue (fray check) if using ribbon.
You are finished! Here are some more pictures of the finished project, if you make this tree skirt please share with us your work! On Instagram or Twitter: #hexieholidays Or tag me in your post @modernhandcraft.
If you end up making the tree skirt hole a little too large, just place a piece of fabric over the tree base and then wrap with tree skirt.
Here you can see how the corner pieces fit into the layout with the top two side points on the line.
Follow along with future projects and posts with Bloglovin.


With the 'Barns decked out in bright spring florals by Long Barn Flowers and my mate Emma Shuttleworth doing the hair and make-up magics, we were already on to a winner!
With the loveliest of family and friends along for the day - even Bella the spaniel popped in for a few pics - Justin and Grace nailed it from the start. To be fair, they were nailing it from their engagement shoot where we had all the mud, hail, snow, rain, rainbows, sunshine and cold anyone could wish for in an hour. I figured they could handle anything after that lot, and thankfully they didn't need to.


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Q: Authentication requests using HTTPS to an API in Java I am looking to use an API called HookTheory. I am making the HTTPS calls in Java, and since its my first time using HTTP or HTTPS clients I am running into a few road blocks.
Here are the document's details on User Authentication:
You authenticate to the Hooktheory API by providing an HTTP Bearer Token, according to the OAuth 2 protocol. Your HTTP Bearer Token is retrieved through the API with your www.hooktheory.com username and password. To retrieve your HTTP Bearer Token, make the following request:

POST users/auth

The body of the request must contain your www.hooktheory.com username and password:

{
      "username": "Hooktheory",
      "password": "0123456789"
}

The response will contain three fields, as shown below:

{
      "id": 1234,
      "username": "Hooktheory",
      "activkey": "aoa6jjacz34kcta3aomeqwuz89"
}

The "activkey" property contains your HTTP Bearer Token; include it as an authorization header in all future requests to the API.

Can someone explain in better detail how I would go about doing this in Java?
My starter code is the following:
String url = "https://api.hooktheory.com/v1/users/auth";
    URL obj = new URL(url);
    HttpsURLConnection con = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

    //add request header
    con.setRequestMethod("POST");
    con.setRequestProperty("username", username);
    con.setRequestProperty("password", password);

    String urlParameters = "sn=C02G8416DRJM&cn=&locale=&caller=&num=12345";

    // Send post request
    con.setDoOutput(true);
    DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
    wr.writeBytes(urlParameters);
    wr.flush();
    wr.close();

    int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
    System.out.println("\nSending 'POST' request to URL : " + url);
    System.out.println("Post parameters : " + urlParameters);
    System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode);

    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
            new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    String inputLine;
    StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

    while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
        response.append(inputLine);
    }
    in.close();

    //print result
    System.out.println(response.toString());

This code is basically a copy of the code here.
I get a 401 error (authentication) when I run the post code above. I'm guessing its because I haven't formatted the get/post requests correctly.
Can somebody point me in the right direction?

A: You've set username and password as request properties, which are HTTP headers. Per the HookTheory docs, you need to send these on the request body.
Specifically, you need to send the JSON request on the body like this:
DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
String requestBody = String.format("{  \"username\": \"%s\", \"password\": \"%s\" }", username, password);
wr.writeBytes(requestBody);

Also, per their docs you should indicate that this is JSON by setting the Accept and Content-Type headers. This is done prior to sending the post request data through calls like this:
con.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");

So the entire block looks like:
String url = "https://api.hooktheory.com/v1/users/auth";
URL obj = new URL(url);
HttpsURLConnection con = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");

// Send post request
con.setDoOutput(true);
DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
String requestBody = String.format("{  \"username\": \"%s\", \"password\": \"%s\" }", username, password);
wr.writeBytes(requestBody);
wr.flush();
wr.close();

A: code 401 clearly specifies something wrong with authentication. stack trace shows unauthenticated on server side.
10.4.2 401 Unauthorized

The request requires user authentication. The response MUST include a WWW-Authenticate header field (section 14.47) containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field (section 14.8). If the request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401 response indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials. If the 401 response contains the same challenge as the prior response, and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least once, then the user SHOULD be presented the entity that was given in the response, since that entity might include relevant diagnostic information. HTTP access authentication is explained in "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Augustin-Amable Rivard Dufresne (1743 – May 5, 1798) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born either Augustin-Amable Rivard dit Dufresne, or Augustin-Amable Laglanderie Dufresne, depending on the source of information at Yamachiche March 11, 1742 or 1743, the son of farmer Joseph Laglanderie Dufresne (Rivard). He settled on land inherited from his parents in the seigneury of Gatineau. Rivard was named a sub-baillif at Yamachiche in 1767. He was elected to the 1st Parliament of Lower Canada for Saint-Maurice in 1792. Rivard had a wooden leg due to an earlier accident. It should be mentioned that the Rivard family does not generally associate the Laglanderie name with Augsustin-Amable, or his father Joseph, but other branches of the Rivard family did have Laglanderie as a dit name, and some adopted it as a surname in place of Rivard.

Augustin Rivard was the 6th and final child of Joseph Rivard dit Dufresne and Marie Toutant, and was the Great Grandson of Nicolas Rivard dit Lavigne, the first member of the Rivard family to immigrate to Canada in 1648. The Rivard family goes back to Tourouvre, France, which is located in Lower Normandy and part of the modern day Orne department. Thomas RIvard is the earliest known male ancestor of Augustin-Amable Rivard dit Dufresne.

Augustine-Amable Rivard dit Dufresne died at Yamachiche, but the official records do not agree on the date of his death. 5 May 1798 and 6 March 1809 are listed as the date of death on official church and government documents, with the 1798 date being the more likely of the two.

His daughter Marie-Charlotte married François Lesieur Desaulniers, who later also represented Saint-Maurice in the legislative assembly; their son Louis-Léon Lesieur Desaulniers later became a member of the Canadian House of Commons. Rivard's daughter Françoise married Charles Caron, who also became a member of the legislative assembly.

Augustin-Amable is also survived (via his sons) by numerous other descendants in the United States and Canada, including Oscar and Marius Dufresne, who were notable Quebecois Entrepreneurs and the origins of the historic Château Dufresne in Montreal. Oscar and Marius were Great-Great-Great Grandsons of Augustin-Amable Rivard dit Dufresne. Many of Augustin-Amable's American descendants are concentrated in the upper Midwest, with large concentrations in Minnesota and Wisconsin.

See also
Tourouvre Wikipedia entry for Tourouvre France, the ancestral homeland of the Rivard family.

External links

Trifluviana. Volume 3: Les députés de Saint-Maurice et de Buckinghamshire (1792-1808) , F Surveyer & F-J Audet (1933)
 Rivard family database entry for Augustin-Rivard dit Dufresne
 Rivard Cousins website
[The Rivard Family: Taking Root André Dufresne, Marlyss Rivard Hernandez, Ghislain Rivard Éditions Carte blanche, 2007 - Québec (Province) - 117 pages] Rivard descendant Andre Dufresne's research regarding the family history of Augustin-Amable Rivard dit Dufresne and his father.

1743 births
1798 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"2.0 (Two Point_Oh)"
March 2-25. A pioneering software mogul, Elliot Leeds makes headlines one last time when his private jet plunges into the Pacific. Months later, his grief-paralyzed widow Melanie discovers Elliot's greatest creation: a virtual-reality simulation of himself that he masterminded before his demise. Programmed with advanced artificial intelligence, thousands of hours of his recorded thoughts and speech, and a digital re-creation of his face and body, "Elliot 2.0" is a talking, thinking, virtual soul. The question is: is he alive? Showtime is 7:30 p.m. Thursday-Saturday with a 2 p.m. matinee on Sunday.
Spokane Civic Theatre, 1020 N. Howard St., Spokane, WA
Riverside neighborhood, Downtown
http://www.spokanecivictheatre.com/
Ho Ho Teriyaki Chicken 0.1 miles away
Clinkerdagger 0.1 miles away
The Viking Bar and Grill 0.1 miles away
Queen of Sheba 0.2 miles away
Charley's Grill & Spirits 0.3 miles away
More events at Spokane Civic Theatre
Jan 21 "Present Laughter"
Jan 24 "A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder"
Feb 11 "In Accelerated Silence"