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Q: Hstacking features somehow causes an extra slowdown in prediction When I use scipy.sparse.hstack of some sparse matrices produced by CountVectorizer and the like, and I want to merge them for use in a regression, but somehow they are slower:

*

*X1 has 10000 features from analyse="char"

*X2 has 10000 features from analyse="word"

*X3 has 20000 features from analyse="char"

*X4 has 20000 features from analyse="word"

You would expect that when you would hstack X1 and X2, it would be around the same speed as X3 or X4 (same number of features). But this appears to be not even close:

from scipy.sparse import hstack
>>> a=linear_model.Ridge(alpha=30).fit(hstack((X1, X2)),y).predict(hstack((t1,t2)))
time:  57.85
>>> b=linear_model.Ridge(alpha=30).fit(X1,y).predict(t1)
time:  6.75
>>> c=linear_model.Ridge(alpha=30).fit(X2,y).predict(t2)
time:  7.33
>>> d=linear_model.Ridge(alpha=30).fit(X3,y).predict(t3)
time:  6.80
>>> e=linear_model.Ridge(alpha=30).fit(X4,y).predict(t4)
time:  11.67

I at some point even noticed that when I hstack only one feature to it, the model also becomes slower. What could cause this, what am I doing wrongly, and of course, what would be an improvement?
Notable edit:
I would like to introduce a way I thought would solve it, namely constructing a vocabulary and using that to fit:
feats = []
method = CountVectorizer(analyzer="word", max_features=10000, ngram_range=(1,3))
method.fit(train["tweet"])
X = method.fit(...)
feats.extend(method.vocabulary_.keys())
method = CountVectorizer(analyzer="char", max_features=10000, ngram_range=(4,4))
method.fit(train["tweet"])
X2 = method.fit(...)
feats.extend(method.vocabulary_.keys())
newm = CountVectorizer(vocabulary=feats)
newm.fit(train["tweet"])
X3 = newm.fit(...)

When I fit these, something weird happens to the amount of items stored (I'm not surprised that there are not 20,000 features, as there might be overlap). How can there be so few "ones"?
X
<49884x10000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.int64'>'
    with 927131 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
X2
<49884x10000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.int64'>'
    with 3256162 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>
X3
<49884x19558 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.int64'>'
    with 593712 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>

A: Hstacking converts it to COO format:
>>> hstack((csr_matrix([1]), csr_matrix([2])))
<1x2 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.int64'>'
    with 2 stored elements in COOrdinate format>

Maybe do hstack(...).tocsr() to check if it speeds it up.

A: You can hstack two CSC matrices in a breeze, keeping the output CSC:
In [1]: import scipy.sparse as sps

In [2]: a = sps.csc_matrix(np.arange(25).reshape(5, 5))

In [3]: b = sps.csc_matrix(np.arange(25).reshape(5, 5))

In [4]: data = np.concatenate((a.data, b.data))

In [5]: indices = np.concatenate((a.indices, b.indices))

In [7]: indptr = np.concatenate((a.indptr[:-1], b.indptr + a.indptr[-1]))

In [10]: c = sps.csc_matrix((data, indices, indptr),
...                         shape = (a.shape[0], a.shape[1]+b.shape[1]))

In [11]: c.A
Out[11]:
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
       [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
       [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]])

The exact same code, replacing csc with csr everywhere, will vstack two CSR matrices.
You would need to do some timings, but in most cases I believe it is faster to convert both your matrices to CSR or CSC, depending on what stacking you want to do, do the stacking as above, then convert the result to whatever you want, rather than using the built-in stacking functions.


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ICE365_EUROPEAN-LANDBASED-REPORT_JULY2021 - Page 22
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What ' s your view ?
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Operators that Regulated gambling products: casino and poker, entered into force complied with the requirements of Sports betting, horse race betting, on 30 October 2019. However, the and "other online games", including customers have set deposit limits before FINLAND Status: A regulated market since the the toleration regime in place pending poker, casino, bingo and lottery. regulations implementing the new legal they are allowed to gamble, although Regulated gambling products: introduction of a licensing regime in the implementation of legislation in Operator type: All licences are regime were not published until August it is understood this applies to online Sports betting, horse race betting, 2010, following which the EC withdrew 2021 were able to offer online poker available to private operators save for 2020. Operators holding a transitional casino only. The DGA introduced new poker, casino, bingo and lottery. its infringement proceedings. A new and virtual slots. lottery, which is reserved exclusively for licence may continue to offer services marketing regulations, effective from Operator type: All gambling products regulatory authority, L'autorité Nationale Status: The main legal framework the monopoly provider, Camelot. until a decision is made to grant a 1 April 2020. On 1 January 2021, the are under the exclusive control of des Jeux, took over from ARJEL in June for gambling regulation in Germany Status: Any operator that transacts permanent licence. In May 2021 the rate of tax increased from 20% to 28% monopoly provider Veikkaus Oy. 2020. Responsible gambling advice has been the subject of much debate with, or advertises to, British regulator started to issue licences under of GGR for online gambling activities. Status: Despite the existence of a has been issued to operators and and has been heavily criticised by residents requires a licence from the the permanent licensing regime. 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In March 2020, Regulated gambling products: Status: Amendments to Hungarian type of gambling they wish to offer, will be debated in parliament in federal regulatory framework for online the German prime ministers approved Sports betting, horse race betting gambling law came into force on then an operating permit to provide summer 2021. slots, poker and sports betting. the new Interstate Treaty on Gambling and lottery. 1 October 2015 and allow only two Operator type: Private operators can which brings new licensing options Operator type: All products are land-based casinos to hold remote ESTONIA the services online. A blacklist of Kft) and local concession companies can apply for a licence. operators is maintained and updated by FRANCE no longer obtain casino licences in for private operators for online poker exclusively reserved for the monopoly casino concessions. The regulator local authorities and ISP and payment Regulated gambling products: Schleswig-Holstein under the existing and virtual slots (although stringent providers pending the implementation has since issued fines, a number of blocking is in force. Though some Sports betting, horse race betting, regime, although S-H has approved restrictions, such as stake limits, shall of an open licensing regime, although which have been challenged, against operators argue that the regime is poker, bingo and lottery. legislation to reinstate existing licences apply). In October 2020 a toleration certain private operators are permitted unlicensed operators that continue to still not compatible with EU law, no Operator type: Private operators until 2021 (with operations allowed regime was introduced which permits to operate on a transitional basis. target the market. In June 2017, the notification alleging incompatibility can obtain online licences for sports to continue in the interim). 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text:
Dynastic Meritocracy vs Meritocratic Dynasty?
The Online Citizen 2016-04-20 Commentaries
By Law Kim Hwee
Back in Jan 1999, William Safire, he with the sharp pen, asked late Mr Lee Kuan Yew (LKY) pointedly about nepotism: "Would your son be Deputy Prime Minister if he were not your son?" He snaps: "If he were not my son, he would be the Prime Minister. He came up faster than any of the others, but I told him it would do him no good."
Mr Safire helpfully concluded, 'The scion must await his time.'
Fast forward to Apr 2016, the subject has morphed from 'nepotism' to one of 'dynasty' and what was, at most, an impolite question has mutated into an outright accusation of "the power that be wants to establish a dynasty". And in place of pensmith William Safire, we have a daughter denied her right by her Mainstream Media (MSM) editors to express her deceased father's wishes the way she felt best suited. Perhaps, she was reacting to being publicly insulted that 'reading (her) unedited writings was like sailing through a fog'.
Regardless, 70% of Singaporean voters (at least on) 11 Sep 2015 confirmed LKY's claim of his son's right to premiership was more than correct. Now, LKY is no longer here to discuss nepotistic or dynastic politics – which he was expressly dead against.
Still, the queasy overhang of nepotism or dynasty persists. It is indeed ironical that it should be his own daughter, his last-days caregiver who should raise the matter anew and so publicly. Then again, perhaps, she must know more than anyone else of what may well be lurking around the corner – or behind close doors, among cold-calculating minds in conference.
It is very fortunate for us that Dr Lee Wei Ling has insisted that she always 'try [sic] to stick by the truth'. That's because it's only when we know the truth that the truth will set us free. Good on her. Good for us. Good for Singapore.
Back to the lurking unease of possible dynasty establishment. In his brotherly, sad, if rebuking response, PM Lee Hsien Loong took a strong stand in reply to the dynasty accusation;
'The idea that I should wish to establish a dynasty makes even less sense. Meritocracy is a fundamental value of our society, and neither I, the People's Action Party (PAP), nor the Singapore public would tolerate any such attempt.'
A very strong denial to a clearly libellous statement levelled at him personally. But we have still yet to hear of Dr Lee receiving a letter from Davinder Singh even as she has taken down her offending Facebook revelation.
Since the Singapore education system and mainstream media reporting have hardwired us to think and believe – from seeing the legal actions successfully prosecuted in our own courts over hints and insinuations against the personal integrity of our leaders past and present – any non-action can only leave us wondering about the truth of dynasty.
We can understand that elder brother prosecuting against younger sister is not a Confucian thing. But Singapore's interest is paramount. Therefore, we hope that at the very least PM Lee will send a lawyer's cease and desist letter to sister Wei Ling and to demand an unequivocal apology. Via Facebook will do. No need to feed Straits Times any ad dollar.
Thereafter, since it's family, he and Singaporeans can then close the case – and (do his favourite thing when something screws up bad) move on.
Would that not be the best course of action for him and, hence, the best outcome not just for him but also for Singapore's reputation for by-the-book treatment and rule of law?
Dynastic Meritocracy vs Meritocratic Dynasty
On the other hand, if no action is taken, two questions will arise; is there some truth in the accusation and do double standards in the prosecution of libel exist (one for non-family, one for family…by 'family', we mean also 'PAP family')?
It would then also be reasonable for us to examine further PM Lee's response, anew and more closely.
'The idea that I should wish to establish a dynasty makes even less sense. Meritocracy is a fundamental value of our society, and neither I, the PAP, nor the Singapore public would tolerate any such attempt.'
We can agree that PM Lee has very strongly denied any 'wish to establish a dynasty'. But that's different from giving a categorical undertaking that none of his children will ever be part of the PAP ruling elite group going forward.
That should be no surprise. As recent as Dec 2014, PM Lee revealed that "his four children are, 'at the moment', not interested to enter politics".
'At the moment'…very interesting, isn't it? Déjà vu? Perhaps. Like Senior Lee once telling Junior Lee. And now, Junior Lee repeating to Junior Junior Lee that "it would do him no good". So, another scion must again await his time?
Regardless, I do believe that discrimination must not apply either way. Just as non-relatives or strangers should not be discriminated against in any consideration for a position, so blood relations or friends should also not be discriminated against. Who is best suited for a job is what matters i.e. meritocratic consideration should prevail.
Clearly, PM Lee has definitely not rule out, nor rule in, any of his children joining politics. But if any does, he/she is expected to, like him be able to – and be seen to – rise up faster than any of the others.
So, there can be no doubt that meritocracy continues to be alive and be above all else, including dynastic ambitions going forward with regard to any family in politics. That cannot but be a good thing for Singapore.
Still, to outsiders looking in, it'll be hard to tell, if a long, long time to come in a Singapore far far away, whether Singaporeans continue be hardwired to just cannot tell if we are living in a Dynastic Meritocracy or a Meritocratic Dynasty.
The prognosis is not good. From what we see of the self-serving elites thrown up by Singapore meritocracy (all thanks and praise to the PAP), there are no eternal ideologies, no eternal heresies, only eternal self-interests.
Mr Ngiam Tong Dow is absolutely right. "When you raise ministers' salaries to the point that they're earning millions of dollar, every minister — no matter how much he wants to turn up and tell Hsien Loong off or whatever — will hesitate when he thinks of his million-dollar salary. Even if he wants to do it, his wife will stop him."
Proof? PAP has 'achieved' perfect self-interest (they see it as perfect governance}; no minister or top civil servant has had to resign whether it's a fearsome, if limping, terrorist who escaped or the occasional NSFer dying or a teenage committing suicide or 2 MRT trainees killed or when 8 innocent citizens who put their trust in our health workers lost their lives (those responsible were not even named, now, that's real progress!).
Dynastic Meritocracy or Meritocratic Dynasty which? Can that be a good thing – come SG100?
Mr Law also blogs at 2econdsight.wordpress.com


text:
Reinventing Virginia for the 21st Century
James A. Bacon
Don Rippert
Stephen D. Haner
Richard W. Hall-Sizemore
← The Legislative Logic of Proton Therapy
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Tommy Norment: W&M's Man in the State Senate
Posted on February 15, 2017 by James A. Bacon | 4 Comments
In this 2007 photo, Sen. Tommy Norment appears with former William & Mary President Gene Nichol. Nichol presented him with the Prentis Award for civic involvement benefiting the college and community. Said Nichol: "Our College—like our community and our Commonwealth—is beyond fortunate to have Tommy Norment in our corner. William and Mary couldn't ask for a more devoted advocate in Richmond."
Does Sen. Tommy Norment, R-Williamsburg, have a conflict of interest regarding legislation affecting William & Mary?
Like many Virginia lawmakers, the Senate Majority Leader attended two Virginia institutions of higher education – the Virginia Military Institute and the College of William & Mary school of law. Unlike his colleagues, he is employed by a Virginia university. He works as an adjunct professor at William & Mary, which pays him $60,000 a year. That's on top of his $50,000-a-year state senator's salary and earnings from his private law practice with Kaufman & Canoles.
Sen. J. Chapman Petersen, D-Fairfax County, objected when a half-dozen tuition-reform bills he and other senators sponsored were routed from the Senate higher education subcommittee to the Senate Finance Committee, where they have died. Norment is co-chair of the Finance Committee.
"That's an obvious conflict of interest if you have someone who's an employee of an institution who is going to sit in judgment on all these tuition bills," Petersen said, reports Karin Kapsidelis with the Richmond Times-Dispatch.
Norment did not return Kapsidelis' phone call asking for a response.
Concerns about Norment's ties to W&M have dogged both the university and him for years. Eight years ago, W&M President Taylor Reveley justified having Norment on the payroll this way:
Before Senator Norment joined us, we had only one full-time Coordinator of Legal Affairs and one part-time Assistant to the Provost for Legal Affairs (focusing on disciplinary matters). We have badly needed more inside legal help.
The work Senator Norment does as a William & Mary employee is substantive and demanding. His employment here is not a Potemkin village. His work involves both teaching and legal advice. His teaching has been extensive and successful. From the beginning of his time at William & Mary, the Senator has provided me with legal counsel. He continues to do so while also now working closely with our Coordinator of Legal Affairs.
Tommy Norment's compensation reflects his status as an experienced lawyer coming from private practice. It is less than would be expected for someone of his seniority and ability in private practice or the corporate world. It makes sense for a university, however, and is consistent with how we compensate our other lawyers.
No "quid pro quo" was involved in Senator Norment's and my conversations about the possibility of his joining William & Mary. The Senator did not offer to do anything for William & Mary in return for employment. Nor did I premise the possibility of his employment here on his doing anything for the university in the future.
No quid pro quo was necessary. Norment was an advocate for W&M before he went on the payroll, and he no doubt will continue to be when he leaves. And, to be fair, Norment is not the only powerful senator opposing tuition reform. Sen. Richard L. Saslaw, D-Fairfax, the senate minority leader, supported diverting the reform bills to Senate Finance.
When Petersen asked why a higher-ed bill was assigned to the finance committee, Saslaw responded, "It's going to Finance when you start messing around with out-of-state numbers." Presumably he was referring to caps on the number of out-of-state students at UVa and W&M. The General Assembly did not need to "micro-manage" the universities, Saslaw added.
(For details on the bills, see "Virginia Higher Ed Faces Backlash.")
Bacon's bottom line: How deep do the ties between a legislator and university have to run before it becomes a objectionable conflict of interest? Let me set the stage by asking some hypothetical questions:
• What if an Altria employee served in the state senate and voted against a higher tobacco tax? Would there be any question at all? It would be universally regarded as a conflict of interest.
• What if a Dominion Virginia Power employee served in the state senate and approved a measure that would increase electric rates? Clearly a conflict of interest. Del. Peter Farrell, R-Henrico, has abstained from voting on Dominion-related legislation on the grounds that his father was CEO of Dominion.
• What if the provost of W&M served in the state senate and deep-sixed measures designed to curb tuition increases? Clearly a conflict of interest.
• What if a tenured faculty member of W&M served in the state senate and deep-sixed measures designed to curb tuition increases? Still a conflict of interest.
The whole thing smells fishy to me.
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4 responses to "Tommy Norment: W&M's Man in the State Senate"
TooManyTaxes | February 15, 2017 at 2:51 pm | Log in to Reply
Tim Sargent is a Fairfax County planning commissioner who also works for Dominion. Last week I attended a PC hearing on Tysons. Before that item came a special exception for Dominion to build a higher security fence around a substation. A simple no brainer. Before the item was addressed, Sargent announced his conflict, indicated he would not be voting and walked out of the room. This seemed very reasonable to me.
An employee of W&M or any other state institution who is also a legislator should not vote on any bill directly affecting his employer, but should recuse him/herself. A contractor should do the same if the legislation relates to the services being provided. I don't think, for example, a painting contractor who is also a legislator should be able to vote on a tuition capping bill. But he/she shouldn't vote on an appropriation rider that funded the repainting of all the W&M dorms. If the legislator were a member of a law firm that does regular work for W&M, I think the need for recusal would depend on the nature of the legal work and the subject of the legislation.
LarrytheG | February 15, 2017 at 3:55 pm | Log in to Reply
Well.. to a point maybe.
Del Bobby Orrock from Caroline County is also a public school teacher….
the problem with a "citizen" legislature – is that most all of them in some way or other might have conflicts..
how about a Board of Supervisor with kids in his county's schools?
somewhere there is a dividing line… but heck in a State where legislators
can take thousands of dollars from lobbyists for their own use – why quibble!
LocalGovGuy | February 15, 2017 at 10:27 pm | Log in to Reply
So long as Norment and Saslaw are the leaders in the Senate, all higher ed bills are going to die. Senate elections are not until 2019, so nothing will get out of the Senate for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 sessions.
Izzo | February 17, 2017 at 10:46 am | Log in to Reply
It looks like some level of conflict of interest in my view, but if I recall correctly, he got an Attorney General opinion that cleared him.
In his defense, he has a legislative memory and understanding, unlike some others in the General Assembly. Recalling the UVA "Slush Fund" incident, he understood the still-in-effect management restructuring agreement with the state had allowed what UVA did.
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Life hasn't been easy for Swans fans in recent months, in fact when it's come to the board's choice in managers, it's been a bit of a disaster.
But, they have a chance once again to make the right appointment, and this time it'll be vital as the club will likely have to build a campaign that sees them promoted from the Championship.
Already there has been a number of names thrown into the hat, with the bookies are already shortening the odds of a few by the minute.
But whose in the running at this early stage? We take a look at the more likely candidates…
Chris Coleman is the standout favourite for the job after recently leaving his post at Sunderland.
The former Swansea player is a Wales legend following his Euro 2016 campaign with the national team and would certainly instil some of the togetherness and fight that the Welsh side had in abundance.
He's 2/1 to get the job and it does seem as though it could be the perfect fit.
Leon Britton
Leon Britton's Swansea future is up in the air a little with his contract about to expire. It could be a little more unknown now as the bookies place him as second favourite for a place in the dugout.
The 35-year-old took the role as caretaker manager after Paul Clement left and he's due to make a decision on his future imminently.
It'll be his first managerial role of course though and it'll be one heck of a challenge to bounce straight back to the top flight.
Despite having just taken charge of Birmingham, Garry Monk is at 8/1 to return to the Liberty Stadium.
He's never really settled at a club since leaving Swansea back in 2015 and it's perhaps unlikely the club will offer him a position at this moment in time.
Luton boss Nathan Jones is also at 8/1 after leading the Hatters into League One.
He's been at the club since 2016 and has plenty of ambition. He's earned his crust at the lower levels, but whether he's the man to take Swansea on a promotion push is another question entirely.
The man largely credited for Swansea's rise to the Premier League was offered the job back in December, but the Belgium post was too good of a job to leave.
That will likely still be the case, unless he struggles throughout the World Cup. He's at 16/1 to get the job, but even if Martínez was to become available over the summer, you'd hope the manager vacancy at the Liberty would have been filled by then.
Life in the Championship: Where Will We Finish Nex...
The Swans Out On Loan: What Happens Now?
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Irish American Cultural Institute
Rochester, NY Chapter
Irish Insider Archive
Contact/About Us
Special Events 2015-16 Program Year
Special Events 2014
Special Events Archive.
Click on a date to link to a page with photos and stories from that year
Consul General honored
at annual meeting
The Rochester Chapter of the Irish American Cultural Institute presented its Eoin McKiernan Achievement Award to Irish Consul General Barbara Jones as part of the group's annual meeting activities on Saturday May 30.
Jones is a native of County Wexford in Ireland. In September 2012, she was appointed Joint Secretary at the British-Irish Intergovernmental Secretariat in Belfast. She took up duty as Consul General of Ireland in New York in September 2014. From 1999 to 2002, she served as Speech Writer and Special Adviser in the Department of the Taoiseach (Ireland's prime minister). From 1997 to 1999 she worked in the Trade Section of the Department of Enterprise, Trade & Employment, where she developed a new strategy for promoting Irish trade with China and Asia.
Jones was presented with the award by Ed Hourihan, managing director of Bond, Schoeneck and King LLP law firm, who received the award last year for his and his firm's contributions to the IACI and the Rochester Irish community.
The event at St. John Fisher College also included induction of new members to the local chapter's board
Photo gallery of images from 2015 Annual Meeting on May 30 at St. John Fisher College. Use arrows to scroll through photos and click on them for an enlarged image and more informatuon
of directors by IACI national chairman Peter Halas. They are Michael McCarthy, a former board member who retired from the group 2 years ago and now has rejoined the board as its president; and Jeanne Crane. IACI national chairman Peter Halas was on hand to help induct them to the local board.
Following the business portion of the meeting, Dublin born folklorist and folk-singer Tom O'Carroll presented a program on Irish Travelers, also known as "Tinkers." They comprise a small-but-interesting segment of Irish society with their own language, folkways and traditions and O'Carroll's songs and stories told of the Travelers' efforts to conduct their lives in a rapidly changing society.
© Copyright 2017 Rochester NY Chapter Irish American Cultural Institute,under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License.


You have created two or more Standard Working Times in the relevant Business Configuration activity, mapped them to the relevant Work Agreements and assigned them to a Company. However, when doing the hiring of a new employee, only one of theses Standard Working Times is being defined correctly.
SAP Business ByDesign 1711 or later.
Go to Personnel Administration > Regular Tasks.
Select the relevant country and then click Hire Employee.
Enter the basic Personal Data for the employee and click Next.
On the next screen, input all information (including the Company and a Work Agreement that is assigned to the desired Standard Working Time).
For one of the Work Agreements maintained, the Standard Working Time is correctly defined by the system — for the other(s), system won't assign anything.
One of the reasons for this is that you created two different sets of Working Times in the Business Configuration activity and assigned them both to the relevant Company.
Go to Business Configuration > Overview.
Search for the Working Time activity.
Open the option to Assing Working Times to Companies.
Delete one of the sets assigned to the Company, then click Save and Close.
Now, open Maintain Standard Working Times.
Delete the set which was unassigned from the company.
Select the remaining set and click Add Row to add the additional Work Agreements to this set.
Once done, click Save and Close.


Last year, Patty Brennan and I were part of the SciFund Challenge – an experiment in crowdfunding scientific research that raised over $75,000 for its projects in just 45 days. RocketHub, our hosting platform, clearly took note: it added "Science" to its overall list of project categories, so appeals to support dance, music or photography will now sit alongside requests to fund projects in plant genetics or primatology. And I was delighted to learn that one of the first scientists to step up to the plate is doing some fantastic functional morphology.
Christopher Anderson is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of South Florida, where he studies how temperature affects how chameleons feed. He'd like to learn how different species of chameleon have adapted to living in hot and cold habitats, but since many of these animals are protected and can't be brought into the United States, he's raising money to bring his study to them.
He's already raised enough cash to fund his experiments in South Africa, but further donations will let him take the study to other countries. His RocketHub link is <here>, and there's still a couple of weeks left to donate.
Milligan's Trichrome stain gives this thin slice of alligator tissue the look of a stained-glass window, with scarlet strips of smooth muscle interspersed between bands of blue collagen fibers.
Last April, I posted a link to a Kickstarter campaign that was raising money to produce miniature plywood trebuchets. Of course, I sent them some cash: some for their "trebuchets for schools" effort, and some so I could have my very own tiny siege engine. The kit arrived at Christmastime, but I didn't get a chance to put it together until this week.
Assembly was remarkably fast: it took me less than 30 minutes. The kit really does just snap together – no glue, no sanding, no prep beyond peeling protective paper off each side of the plywood pieces. The peeling is necessary -- the tolerances of the laser-cut pieces are so tight that the kit's tabs won't go through its slots until the paper is removed – but the end result is a model without any wobble or shimmy. The trickiest part was threading the thin string through the tiny holes in the sling, and that's more of a comment on my middle-aged eyes than anything else.
The kit comes with a pair of superballs as ammo. I used one for the inaugaral throw. Foolishly. Inside the house. I didn't break anything, but we're still looking for one of the balls. After that, we switched to crumpled balls of paper and were consistently shooting them 30 feet across the room. Our cat now thinks we bought the treb for her. You can order one for your very own at siegetoys.com.


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PAST SHERIFFS
DISTRESS WARRANTS
RESIDENTIAL SECURITY CHECKS
SECURITY CHECK FORM
TITLE INSPECTIONS
Suspected DUI Driver Causes Accident
On March 5, 2019 Deputies were sent to mile marker 197 (just east of Brady, NE.) on U.S. Highway 30. It was reported two vehicles had struck each other and there were injuries to both drivers. Deputies arrived and met with the drivers of the vehicles.
The investigation showed a black GMC Denali was eastbound on Highway 30 in its proper lane. A white Mitsubishi Mirage was westbound on Highway 30 and crossed the center line and struck the GMC Denali. The driver of the GMC was injured but refused medical treatment.
The driver of the Mitsubishi suffered non-life threatening injuries and was transported to Great Plains Health. He was identified as thirty-one year old Joshua Baker of North Platte. Deputies believed Mr. Baker was under the influence of narcotics at the time of the accident. Deputies found suspected THC Wax in the vehicle and other items. Mr. Baker did not have a license or insurance at the time of the accident. Criminal charges are pending Mr. Bakers release from the hospital and laboratory testing. The investigation continues.
Construction Accident in Sutherland
On March 9, 2016 at 2:21 p.m., Deputies were informed a subject had fallen at…
Hooker County Sex Offenders Arrested
On May 25, 2016, Investigators from the Lincoln County Sheriff's Office met with the Thomas…
Hershey Shooting
On July 11, 2017 at 1:56 p.m., Deputies were asked to respond to East 2nd…
Deputies Arrest 13 for Minor in Possession of Alcohol→
←Shooting in Rural Lincoln County
302 North Jeffers Street, North Platte, NE 69101 (308) 535.9599
Copyright © 2015 Lincoln County Sheriff's Office. All Rights Reserved


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Q: Unwrapping Optionals for UITableViewCell I have the following code. I am using all Xcode suggestions possible plus various sources on SO etc. but I cannot seem to correct the optional issues:
var cell =
        tableview!.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier(identifier as String) as? UITableViewCell?

        if (cell == nil)
        {
            cell = UITableViewCell(style: UITableViewCellStyle.Default, reuseIdentifier:identifier as String)
            cell.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()
// ERROR HERE
        }

        cell.textLabel?.text = dataArray.objectAtIndex(indexPath.row).valueForKey("category_name") as! String
        // ERROR HERE

        var str = String(format: "%@%@%@",kServerURl,"/upload/",dataArray.objectAtIndex(indexPath.row).valueForKey("category_image") as! String)

        cell?.imageView?.image =  UIImage(data: NSData(contentsOfURL: NSURL(string:str)!)!)
// ERROR HERE

        return cell
//ERROR HERE

The error:

VALUE OF OPTIONAL TYPE UITABLEVIEWCELL NOT UNWRAPPED DID YOU MEAN TO USE ! or ?

Not matter if i use ! or ? I get the same error, in some cases the error will resolve if two !! are added tier cell!!.

A: Problem is you've got a double optional going on here:
var cell =
    tableview!.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier(identifier as String) as? UITableViewCell?

The as? says the cast could fail, so it wraps the value you're casting inside an optional. That value you're casting is also an optional (String?). So, if you look at the value of cell in the debugger, you see something like:
Optional(Optional(<UITableViewCell:0x14f60bb10
You can unwrap this explicitly by doing:
cell!! (two exclamations), but this is kinda dirty. Instead you only need one of the casts like so:
var cell =
    tableview!.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier(identifier as String) as? UITableViewCell

Notice I removed the final question mark. Then you can just do:
cell!.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()

One final option is to just forcefully unwrap it in the first place with an exclamation like so:
tableview!.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier(identifier as String) as! UITableViewCell

So then all you need is:
cell.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()

A: The cell variable is an optional of type UITableViewCell?, so you have to unwrap it before you use it.  You should probably go read the documentation on Optional Types to familiarize yourself with their use.  Lines like:
cell.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()

should be:
cell!.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()

or:
if let someCell = cell {
    someCell.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()
}

You would use the first kind of unwrapping in the case where you know that the instance is not nil, like directly after your nil check if statement.  You would use the second kind of unwrapping if you don't know for sure it isn't nil.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We can provide seed capital to help you set up your business, or, funding to aid growth or cash flow. With over 20 years' experience, we can provide tailor made finance to suit your business's requirements.
At HSBC, we believe in making business banking as clear and straightforward as possible. We create different business current accounts to suit different needs, and every year we'll review your account to ensure you're still on our best standard tariff for your business.
Guernsey's mature banking sector is central to its reputation as a leading international finance centre. With our commercial banking centre in St Peter Port, our team build long-term relationships with our customers by combining excellent personalised service with a suite of products suitable for your business objectives. Our relationship teams support all commercial customers for the Island, ranging from small sole traders to locally licensed commercial service providers and intermediaries.
With a presence in Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, we offer our clients access to a comprehensive range of corporate banking and treasury solutions.


New tax provisions make end-of-year tax planning even more important for practices and medspas.By Mark E. Battersby Last December the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law. The new legislation is broad in scope and can potentially lower the tax burden on most U.S.-based businesses. But reaping the benefits requires understanding how deductions have changed and how your practice or medspa's business entity and accounting methods impact its use of new deductions and tax credits. Following are some the key changes to consider as we enter the last quarter of 2018.
Under the TCJA's "100 percent bonus depreciation," businesses can now write off the full cost of equipment and property purchases-such as medical equipment, computers, fixtures, furniture and vehicles-in the year the equipment was placed in service. Pre-TCJA, businesses could only write off equipment cost depreciation over a number of years.


For enrolment please transmit the appropriate enrolment form through fax, mail or via www.musica.be (where an enrolment form is available for each course). After the application Musica sends a confirmation with further information.
Attention: Enrolment is valid only after payment of the complete amount on Musica account IBAN BE27 0012 3667 0073 (BIC GEBABEBB).
Includes all expenses for residence, meals, course materials, scores and coaching.
Non-residents: all costs except residence and meals.
Three weeks before the beginning of the workshop each participant will receive a package with information: a list of participants, practical guidelines and possibly also specific questions from the teachers.
Musica has been recognized as a Culture Link (further information: www.dynamo3.canoncultuurcel.be).
During the activities of Musica pictures and films might be made or requested by Musica. Musica uses these images only for promotion purposes. If you object, please be sure to mention this explicitly at the moment of enrolment or reservation.
The data collected by Musica are used exclusively to keep you posted about the activities and to inform you in case of changes. The handling of the address data is governed by the law of 8 December 1992 re. the protection of privacy.
If you feel like supporting Musica financially, a donation will be highly appreciated. Donation of 40 euro and more are deductible from your income tax (only for those who pay taxes in Belgium). Donations will be gratefully received on account IBAN BE27 0012 3667 0073 (BIC GEBABEBB). Be sure to mention "gift". You will receive a certificate of payment for tax purposes in due time.


Share your experience and be entered to win!
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Review Stellar Therapeutic Massage on Facebook, Google, Yelp or MassageBook by October 31 and you'll be automatically entered to win! Drawing will occur on November 5, 2016.
Honest reviews are best! The intention is to help others find the experience they are looking for so the more detailed and true to your experience they are, the better!


Each experienced Colorado Springs child custody lawyer from Travis Law Group recognizes that following a divorce, the former spouses continue as co-parents. Therefore, we assist you in developing and formalizing a parenting plan that serves the best interests of each child. A parenting plan should ensure the child's safety and well-being, minimize conflict, and facilitate the transition to a new family configuration.
Our negotiation and litigation skills help you reach the most beneficial parenting plan.
Parenting time: Decide how the parents will divide care and responsibility for each child throughout the year. This includes a schedule for overnights and visitation, as well as appropriate communication between the parents for the child's benefits.
Parent/Child Contact: Set up contact between each child and the parent who does not have the child in his or her care at the time.
Decision-Making Process: Identify how parents will make decisions about the child's upbringing.
The Colorado Springs child custody lawyers of Travis Law Group help you navigate all of these issues in a way that provides long-term stability to your family.
We know Colorado child custody law.
Our child custody law lawyers draw on years of child custody law experience, right here in Colorado Springs. As past chairman of the Colorado Springs Family Law Bar and a speaker at family law conferences, we stay on top of the latest cases and rulings in colorado family law. And we have assembled a talented and passionate team of lawyers, paralegals, and staff, enabling us to diligently and expeditiously handle your case. We will respect your wishes and work to advance your interests while maintaining the highest standard of ethical, legal, and professional integrity.
At Travis Law Group, we pride ourselves on providing the highest level of advocacy and support for our clients. We build relationships on trust and integrity and we value open and honest communications. We strive to respond to your phone calls and emails within one business day – we even provide our cell phone for emergency child custody situations. And we keep you updated on the status of your case as it progresses.


Pine River Library director Shelly Walchak said she and her staff were devastated when a ballot measure to increase funding at the library failed in 2018.
A program for parents and children takes place at Pine River Library in 2013.
After losing a ballot measure by nine votes to increase a mill levy tax during the last election, the Pine River Library decreased hours of operation and cut staff hours to reduce costs.
The proposed 2019 budget also allocates fewer funds to programming, repairs and maintenance, equipment and furniture. More cuts could happen if the library doesn't secure future revenue.
The library has been losing funds because of falling property taxes, which made up 84 percent of its revenue in 2018. Library director Shelley Walchak said she and library staff were devastated when the ballot measure didn't pass in November.
"We were in shock because from every supporter, every user, from every conversation we had, we didn't think it wouldn't pass. The praise was fuel for our thoughts that it would pass," she said.
Walchak said there are a lot of ifs, ands and buts to consider when discussing the library's fate. As of the beginning of the year, the library reduced its hours from 61 per week to 45 by closing on Sundays and shaving a few hours off during Saturdays and weekdays. Reducing hours has also saved on utilities and janitorial services.
"To speak from the heart, I hate our hours because people are working the same hours we are open," Walchak said.
There are well-documented records on the library's revenues and expenses that Walchak said she would share with anyone who wants to see them. Statistics, revenues and expenditures can also be seen at Library Research Service, a source for Colorado library data.
This year, the board allocated $105,000 of the library's reserve fund to pay for expenses. An additional $30,000 will be used to update computers that are five to 10 years old.
"The library still has enough of a reserve fund to be able to keep services at a level that still provides a meaningful and robust library, but without additional funding coming in, the longest it can last is a couple years," she said.
Walchak said the reserve fund can be used to make up the revenue shortage for only a short period of time. The board policy is that the reserve fund cannot dip below six months of operating expenses, around $400,000.
Walchak said they want to keep that reserve fund "for a rainy day, which is what we've been having."
At this point, Walchak said the board is interested in exploring going back to the voters in the next election since the last ballot measure was rejected by a close margin. The decision must be made by early August according to the Colorado Secretary of State 2019 election calendar.
The library does have a worst-case scenario budget if they do not receive more funding. There are four areas they can cut from: personnel, programming, books and materials.
"Our books and materials is our bread and butter," Walchak said. "Can you live in a household without bread and butter? Yeah, you can, but it is traditionally the foundation of the library."
The worst-case scenario budget includes eliminating the Marmot catalog, which launched in 2015. The Marmot Library Network is a system of 38 libraries that share their collections. It allows community members to check out sources from any of the libraries within the network.
"Most people don't understand the power of this system," Walchak said. Most people use the library to check out books for leisure, but she said the program allows for serious research projects.
Cuts would also include layoffs of seven part-time employees, which equals about 2.5 full-time employees. (One employee recently left and was not replaced.) Sixty-eight percent of the library's expenditures in 2018 went toward personnel costs, which includes wages, retirement, employee benefits, taxes and staff development. Changing health care providers this year also resulted in some personnel savings. Walchak said the library may have to start charging for free services such as notaries and charge more for printing. It also means they wouldn't replace technology if systems break, and there's a possibility that staff will be required to preform janitorial duties.
"The philosophy behind the library at its most basic level is connecting people with possibilities," Walchak said. "We believe in serving everybody, from the homeless to CEOs - to level the playing field by (offering) services to everyone."
Director of the Pine River Library, Shelley Walchak, said that even though 39 percent of library book checkouts are digital, they always hear from someone with a library card that they didn't realize they can get most digital content for free.
In 2018, libraries across the nation collectively surpassed 1 billion digital checkouts despite the claim that digital content would be the downfall of libraries. EBook and audiobook checkouts started off slow, but with the widespread adoption of digital files and mobile apps, digital checkouts took off over the past six years.
A monthly Audible subscription costs $14.95 per month. Google Play audiobooks are often discounted, but current top sellers cost the same price as a monthly Audible membership. Popular Amazon eBooks cost around $5 to $15. Considering that audiobooks and eBooks live in the nebulous cloud and not on a physical bookshelf, does it matter if you own the digital file? Audiobooks and eReaders can be checked out by anyone with a library card from an app for free using the system OneDrive.
Walchak said their digital services manager offers free one-on-one help with downloading digital content on personal phones or computers for anyone who needs it. Patrons can also digitize photos, slides and old VCR tapes at the library.
Here are some other items you can get at the library for free: magazines and newspapers, periodicals for research, wi-fi, foreign language classes, job help, access to genealogy programs like Ancestry.com, books for parents, access to auto repair databases and notary services.
The Pine River Library, 395 Bayfield Center Dr., is open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday, noon to 5 p.m. Saturdays and is closed Sundays.


Dr. Diego López-de-Ipiña gave the Academic Year Opening Lecture in session held at the University of Deusto campus in San Sebastián/Donostia on 14th September 2015. The talk explained how ICT can alleviate and address the problems associated to population urbanization and ageing. Particularly, it discussed how social urbanization can be tackled by giving place to Smarter Cities, i.e. those that are not only more resource efficient but also address the actual needs and demands of population. The fields of Broad Data, Social Innovation and Open Government were identified as key pillars to solve the socioeconomic problems associated to urbanization. Besides, the need to include older citizens as main characters of the Smart City domain was emphasized. Likewise, the concepts of Active Assisted Living (AAL) and Silver Economy were explored as means to progress towards Ambient Assisted cities.
Download PDF versions in Spanish (http://t.co/KdeF4cUTES) and Basque (http://t.co/iiOyrVs0HJ) of this opening lecture.


text:
Георгий Дмитриевич Шире́нин (1907 — 1945) — советский конструктор миномётов. Лауреат Сталинской премии первой степени.

Биография
Родился 14 (27 августа) 1907 года в Санкт-Петербурге. Окончил ФЗУ имени Ленсовета в Ленинграде (1927 год) по специальности ученик-чертёжник.

Работал в Ленинграде чертёжником и конструктором на заводе «Промет» (1927 − 1936), ведущим конструктором на заводе № 7 (1936—1940 годы), ведущим конструктором НИИ-13 (1940 − 1942 годы) (с 1941 года в эвакуации в Молотов).

В 1942 — 1945 годах начальник группы СКБ Наркомата вооружений (Коломна).

Участник создания советских миномётов калибров 82, 120, 160, 240 мм, морских бомбомётных установок БМБ-1 и БМБ-2. Один из создателей упрощенного 120-мм миномёта образца 1941 года. Автор многих оригинальных конструкторских решений.

Умер 10 августа 1945 года в Коломне (Московская область).

Награды и премии
 Сталинская премия первой степени (1942) — за разработку конструкций миномётов

Источники
 http://kbm.ru/ru/photo-gallery/650.html
 Ракетная и космическая техника. Аркадий Иванович Мелуа, В. В. Панов. Изд-во Гуманистика, 2003 — Всего страниц: 749
 Ушакова В.В.  Шавырин. Создатель оружия Победы / В.В. Ушакова. – М: Вече, 2020. – 464 с. – 3000 экз. – ISBN 978-5-4484-1932-4.
 Соколов А.Г. Наш ротный–батальонный–полковой… КБМ: начало славного пути / А.Г. Соколов. – М: Вече, 2022. – 256 с. –  ISBN 978-5-4484-3155-5.

Персоналии:Коломна

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Software as a Service (SaaS), is one of the methods of software delivery that allow data to be accessed from any type of device by using an internet and web browser. In SaaS, a service provider hosts the application at its data center and a customer can access it via web browser.
SaaS also known as cloud application has brought revolution in education sector. The benefits it provides can be used in schools and many other places. It simplifies school management by bringing new opportunities for school and students. In this blog, we have discussed points that explain the importance of benefits of SaaS in Education sector.
SaaS a cloud based service offer high scalability that give customers to access features. As we know that every year there are new group of students take admission in school so it become a burden for teachers to manage their information. Hence, SaaS reduce the administrative burden by making scaling easier.
With this cloud application, it's easy to switch from one machine to another that is if a person is working on desktop, laptop or a tablet they can easily pick the study environment that work best with their hardware.
The most important consent in school is about sharing information. As teachers want to give assignments and reading to students and students need to turn their assignments in. Document sharing and homework management application can make the process easy. Teacher can revise the data when necessary and data can be easily available to students.
Rather than purchasing software to install, or additional software to support it, schools can subscribe to a SaaS offering. This Cloud application offer simple pricing schedule and some of its services are free.
SaaS application like any new technology requires learning period that helps to use the applications efficiently, creatively and safely. Once the teachers and schools are comfortable with the cloud environment they gain benefits from the opportunities it opens.
With fewer technological barriers than the old methods of app distribution, Schools can spend their cost at right place with SaaS technology. We at CERPSOFT develop software with this technology that manage all school related activities like fees, transport, admission, attendance easily and full of security.


Annexes do not presently require to possess a front door to be counted as a different dwelling, While they are necessary to have distinctive residing and sleeping quarters, as well as a toilet in addition to a kitchen area.
The process takes advantage of more compact twenty-40mm piping (when compared to 100mm sewer pipes) that needs fewer excavation and might be effortlessly navigated to the nearest sewer outlet.
Granny Flat Types Our granny flat types are purposely developed to accommodate any spending plan and any property. Regardless if you are looking to make use of the granny flat being an investment - or to accommodate a family member, we are able to customise the correct design and style for you personally.
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'We have been eager to eliminate tax and also other regulatory obstacles to households aquiring a Reside-in annexe for speedy relations,' he instructed the Every day Telegraph.
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I am grateful for the mystery of peace, for the way my fears and anxieties and worries and complaints melt away in the presence of magnificent mountains. On the back of a motorcycle, on the way to town, mundane day to day moments are made wonderful by the towering presence of the mountains. They're right there. They're steady and immovable and they don't change. But You tell me my faith can make them jump.
I am grateful for missions. For the people who packed their belongings in coffins because they really did love Jesus more than anything. I am grateful for ministers. For servants and teachers and humble leaders.
I am grateful for my. My my my my. My town, my mountains, my neighbors, my church, my legs that carry me from here to there. I am grateful for a change of pace, for a challenge, for a new mission, a reason to be more.
I am grateful for music. Sweet music. Talented humans with songs in their souls, putting pen to paper, keys to keyboard, fingers to string, to keys, to heart. I am grateful for the notes and the melodies that say things my very self recognizes. I am grateful for the way YouTube will play another full album after the one you've chosen, so that I find myself making a bed and hearing these words sung for the first time – If it weren't for second chances, we'd all be alone. I'm grateful that that's true. That I'm not alone. That I need another chance. But so do you.
I am grateful for my. My my my my. My house, my stuff, my bed, my dogs, my cats, my boss, my job, my friends, my mom. For my mistakes and the mercy that is marvelously bigger than my mess-ups.
I am grateful for Michaels. They have all taught me how to be bold and better and fearless and fun and myself. (Especially the one who didn't get it.) I am not to be toned down. I am grateful for modesty when it means exactly what it's supposed to mean. For magic and make believe and imagination and making things up. For movies! For escape and trying something new. For learning from art.
I am grateful for my. My my my my. My body, my mind, my words, my apologies, my stumblings forward toward something bigger and better. Toward something more.


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Home News Corn yields up, soybean yields average in Western Ontario, Agricorp says
Corn yields up, soybean yields average in Western Ontario, Agricorp says
on: February 02, 2015 In: News
OTTAWA — Some farmers would rather forget 2014, thanks to planting delays, harvesting delays and a significant drop in commodity prices. But after all the complaining down at coffee college, now that most of the stats are in, it turns out that yields are pretty average to pretty good.
While the increase in corn yields from 2013 to 2014 yields were modest, the 2014 corn yields were significantly higher than the five-year average from 2009 to 2013. Southern Ontario corn yields in 2014 were almost 12 bushels per acre higher than the five-year average, while in Western Ontario they were almost 10 bu/ac higher, according to updated numbers from Agricorp.
In Southern Ontario, corn growers averaged 175 bu/ac (with 89 per cent of farms reporting), compared to 169.6 bu/ac in 2013, Agricorp reported on Jan. 13. The five-year Southern Ontario average is 163.1 bu/ac.
Western Ontario averaged 160 bu/ac of corn (with 80 per cent of the farms reporting), compared to 157.3 bu/ac in 2013. That's their second-highest yield for corn. The best year in Western Ontario for corn was 2010 when farmers averaged 162.8 bu/ac. The five-year Western Ontario average is 150.1 bu/ac
It was much the same across the province, with overall yields being about 10 bu/ac above the five-year average. The Ontario average was 165 bu/ac in 2014 (with 85 per cent reporting), up from 160.5 bu/ac in 2013. The five-year Ontario average is 154.4 bu/ac.
The soybean numbers were a different story, as growers were close to the five-year average. Western Ontario growers averaged 44 bu/ac in 2014 (with 95 per cent of farmers reporting their numbers), compared with 46.2 bu/ac in 2013, and a five-year average of 44.1 bu/ac.
In Southern Ontario, soybean growers averaged 48 bu/ac (with 98 per cent of farms reporting), up from 45.4 bu/ac in 2013 and up from the five-year average of 46 bu/ac.
The Ontario soybean average was 45 bu/ac (with 97 per cent reporting), down slightly from 45.3 bu/ac in 2013, but just above the 44.6 bu/ac five-year average.
Quinte couple market their own design
How 11 people died in on-farm accidents in Ontario in 2014


PDF The fundamental difference between regular, ordinary information and knowledge is that the latter comprises actionable data; that is data with practical values which can be acted upon. For... This is perhaps the best book I have read that combines knowledge management (KM) and KM systems (KMS). The book is divided into two sections, one dealing with KM in general and the other focusing on the technological aspect.
Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) are IT-based systems that facilitate and sustain the creation, sharing, application, storage, and dissemination of knowledge.


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The latest in the never ending line of Superpark edits brought to you by the cool cats at Footyfiend. Take a look at a bunch of Stepchild riders making the most of the bad weather and familiar features at Seven Springs.
Bad weather and cheap beer kept our ambition at an all time low, but we still came through with the best methods in the game.
Featuring the riding of: Cody Wilson, E-man Anderson, Braedon Wheeler, Danny Gilbota, Ryan Lanham, Aiden Flanagan, Layne Treeter, and Dillon Ojo.
The Trash League guys throwing down in their hometown of Ontario.


Dr Rupert Jones, a Plymouth GP and Senior Clinical Research Fellow at Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, is playing a role in the establishment of the Makerere University Lung Institute in Uganda.
Chronic lung disease is a growing and debilitating health issue for countries in East Africa. Resulting from respiratory infections such as TB and HIV, and lifestyle problems such as tobacco smoking, open fires in homes and poor nutrition, chronic lung disease affects one in five adults in Africa and is a major threat to health.
Patients with chronic lung disease are prone to breathlessness and inactivity, and in Africa they are disproportionately from deprived communities, many lacking the means for drugs or transport to medical clinics. The condition has a negative impact on African economies through lost productivity and disability, and through additional pressure on already stretched health services – yet it is neglected as a health priority.
Rupert Jones is the inaugural co-director of the Makerere University Lung Institute which was established in November 2015 and aims to address this issue by integrating disease prevention, clinical care and training to combat lung disease in Uganda and across sub-Saharan Africa. Its mission is to increase research capacity by 20 per cent and lung health awareness by 15 per cent by 2021.
The Institute is working on a number of projects. Fresh Air Horizon 2020 has direct involvement from Dr Jones and aims to support people at risk of, or suffering from chronic respiratory conditions in countries with few resources. The project will develop the capacity for evidence-based methods for prevention, diagnosis and treatment in Uganda, Vietnam, the Kyrgyz Republic and Greece.
Another project involving Dr Jones is investigating the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life for patients recovering from TB and for those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The project has documented the feasibility and acceptability of this programme for such patients.
The African Severe Asthma Programme is a partnership led by the Makerere University Lung Institute which seeks to better understand what causes severe asthma in the continent.
The Institute has also established a registry for asthma and COPD patients, creating a useful database for research and the development of clinical solutions to both conditions.
Its Global Bridges project works with health workers through training, communication and social mobilisation to increase awareness of lung health in Uganda, while its Link Survey links patients with COPD to care in their communities.


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Božena Němcová () (Alservorstadt, 4 februari 1820 – Praag, 21 januari 1862) was een Tsjechisch schrijfster en dichteres. Haar werk wordt geclassificeerd tussen de genres romantiek en realisme. Ze wordt door de Tsjechen liefkozend de Moeder der Tsjechische literatuur genoemd. Ze was een van de schrijfsters binnen de beweging Tsjechische nationale wedergeboorte. Babička en Divá Bára behoren tot haar bekendste werken. Haar werk is in meer dan twintig talen vertaald en een aantal van haar sprookjes zijn verfilmd. Němcová's portret staat op het Tsjechische 500 kronen-bankbiljet. Němcová werd verkozen als 10e in de televisieshow Největší Čech (De Grootste Tsjech). Op 4 februari 2020, Němcová's 200e geboortedag, stond zij op de cover van het Tsjechische weekblad Respekt. In 2021 werd een Tsjechische miniserie over het leven van Němcová uitgebracht.

Biografie

Buitenechtelijk kind
Němcová werd geboren op 4 februari 1820 te Alservorstadt in Oostenrijk, toentertijd onderdeel van het Keizerrijk Oostenrijk, als het buitenechtelijk kind van de Oostenrijkse koetsier Johann Pankl en het Boheemse dienstmeisje Terezie Novotná. Vader Johann was in dienst bij prinses en hertogin Wilhelmine von Sagan. Moeder Terezie was werkzaam als dienstmeisje in de herberg van haar tante in Alservorstadt. Němcová is gedoopt als: Barbora Novotná, vernoemd naar haar peettante herbergierster Barbara Hauptmann, op 5 februari 1820 in de Heilige Drie-eenheidskerk in Alservorstadt. Alservorstadt is tegenwoordig een stadsdeel van de stad Wenen dat is opgedeeld in de districten Josefstadt en Alsergrund. De exacte geboortedatum van Němcová is onbekend. Historici twijfelen tussen de jaartallen 1817 en 1820. Vooralsnog is de consensus onder historici dat Němcová is geboren op 4 februari 1820 in de toenmalige zelfstandige gemeente Alservorstadt. Kort na de dopingsceremonie zijn de ouders van Němcová vertrokken naar het dorpje Ratibořice in het noorden van Tsjechië. Terezie Novotná kreeg een baan als wasvrouw in de huishouding van de hertogin. Op 7 augustus 1820 zijn Němcová's ouders in Malá Skalice, tegenwoordig een wijk in de stad Česká Skalice, in het huwelijk getreden, waardoor haar geboorte alsnog is gelegitimeerd. Na dit huwelijk voerde zij de naam Barbora 'Betty' Panklová naar de achternaam van haar vader.

Jeugd
Němcová werd van 1825 tot 1829 deels opgevoed door haar maternale grootmoeder Magdalena Notvotná (1770-1841). Zij was een volkse vrouw uit Náchod die enkel Tsjechisch sprak en leerde Němcová eenvoud en zuinigheid. Zij bracht haar de liefde voor het Tsjechische volk en de Tsjechische taal bij wat later een grote rol zou gaan spelen in haar literaire werk. Ze groeide op in de landelijke omgeving van het kasteel Ratibořice dat onderdeel is van de stad Česká Skalice in de vallei van rivier de Úpa, in het Reuzengebergte, in noordoost Bohemen, van het hedendaagse Tsjechië. In haar grotendeels Duitstalige jeugd ontwikkelt Němcová een voorlierfde voor Duitstalige schrijvers als Friedrich Schiller en Heinrich Heine, tevens schreef ze zelf gedichten. Het was een idyllische wereld waarin zij gelukkig was. Die omgeving in combinatie met de warme band die zij had met haar grootmoeder, hebben model gestaan voor haar beroemdste werk: Babička (Grootmoeder).

Huwelijk en kinderen

Op 12 september 1837 in de Sint-Jacobuskerk in Červený Kostelec, treedt de 17-jarige Němcová in het huwelijk met de 32-jarige belastingambtenaar Josef Němec (1805-1879), en hij was tevens actief in Tsjechisch patriottistische kringen. Het betrof een gearrangeerd en uiteindelijk ongelukkig huwelijk. Němcová's ouders wilden dat ze zou huwen, omdat zij zich zorgen maakten, dat Němcová als jong en aantrekkelijk meisje, veel aandacht kreeg van de aristocratische jongemannen en zij wilden voorkomen dat ze zou bezwijken voor de passie van een impulsieve jeugdliefde. Josef was een Tsjechisch patriot en een aanhanger van het panslavisme, hij was 14 jaar ouder en zijn strenge persoonlijkheid sloot niet goed aan bij dat van een dromerig en poëzieminnend meisje. Als belastingambtenaar moest hij bijna jaarlijks van standplaats verwisselen en dus verhuisde het gezin frequent. Na de huwelijksceremonie woonden ze van september 1837 tot april 1838 in Červený Kostelec. Hierna verhuisden ze naar Litomyšl (1839-1840) en daarna naar Polná (1840-1842) in de regio Vysočina om uiteindelijk, nadat Josef was gepromoveerd, een tussenstop van drie jaar te maken in Praag (1842-1845). In deze periode krijgen zij samen in totaal vier kinderen, waarvan: één dochter Theodora 'Dora' Němecová (19 juni 1841) en drie zonen: Hynek (6 augustus 1838), Karel (18 oktober 1839), en Jaroslav 'Jarous' Němec (2 oktober 1842). De geboorte van Jaroslav kwam met ernstige complicaties en Němcová kreeg het dringende advies niet meer zwanger te worden.

Polná en naamsverandering
In de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw was in het Keizerrijk Oostenrijk het Duits de dominante voertaal en werd de Tsjechische taal en de cultuur de facto onderdrukt. Geleidelijk begonnen meer Tsjechen zich hiertegen te verzetten en zij streefden naar meer autonomie binnen het keizerrijk. Josef was een overtuigd Tsjechisch nationalist en stond erop dat louter Tsjechisch werd gesproken in het gezin en drong er bij Němcová op aan om meer Tsjechische literatuur te gaan lezen. In Polná, alwaar zij verkeerde in patriotistische kringen, moedigen men haar eveneens aan om meer in het Tsjechisch te lezen. Tot die tijd had Němcová vooral Duitstalige literatuur gelezen. Het was in Polná alwaar zij besloot om de Tsjechische voornaam Božena te gaan voeren. In de lente van 1841 vernam Němcová dat haar grootmoeder Magdalena Novotná was komen te overlijden hetgeen een grote impact had op haar.

Praag
Toen Josef in 1842 werd gestationeerd in Praag introduceerde hij Němcová bij de Praagse intelligentsia. Ze kwam in contact met kunstenaars, dichters, wetenschappers en journalisten die de Tsjechische Wedergeboorte een warm hart toedroegen. Němcová, toen een jonge geëmancipeerde vrouw, maakte indruk op hen en zij stimuleerden haar op hun beurt om te gaan schrijven in het Tsjechisch onder andere door de schrijvers Václav Bolemír Nebeský en Karel Jaromír Erben. Němcová gaf toe aan de wens van haar man en stopte met het lezen en schrijven van Duitstalige boeken en gedichten. Ze begon zich te verdiepen in de Tsjechische taal, met als doel haar beheersing van de taal in dictie en grammatica te verbeteren. Hoewel zij tweetalig was opgevoed, was haar beheersing van het Tsjechisch niet op een literair niveau zoals dat wel het geval was bij het Duits. Ze werd een pleitbezorgster van de politieke en culturele emancipatie van de Tsjechen. Een van haar eerste Tsjechische gedichten was getiteld: "Voor Tsjechische Vrouwen" (Tsjechisch: Ženám českým), dat in 1843 verscheen in het tijdschrift Květy (Bloemen). Het riep vrouwen op om politiek bewuster te worden en actief te worden in de nationale beweging. Ze begon in Praag ook met het verzamelen van materiaal voor haar sprookjes die zij tussen 1845 en 1847 publiceerde in zeven volumes onder de titel: Nationale Sprookjes en Legendes (Tsjechisch: Národní báchorky a pověsti). Němcová voelde zich thuis in Praag, ze had er een brede vriendengroep en richtte zich volledig op haar werk als schrijfster. Na drie jaren begon weer een periode van vijf jaar waarin Josef regelmatig werd overgeplaatst naar plaatsen in heel Tsjechië. Eerst naar Domažlice (1845-1847), toen naar Všeruby (1847-1848), vervolgens naar Nymburk (1848-1850) en ten slotte naar Liberec (1850-1851).

Gescheiden leven
In 1848 heeft Němcová samen met de Tsjechische dichter Václav Bolemír Nebeský (1818-1882) kortstondig een heimelijke liefdesaffaire, die hij afbrak om te gaan studeren in Wenen. Het huwelijk met Josef was liefdeloos. Het bazige karakter van Josef zorgde frequent voor ruzies. Wanneer in 1851, na een promotie, Josef naar Hongarije gaat, wat in die tijd ook onderdeel was van het Keizerrijk Oostenrijk, gaat Němcová niet met hem mee. Zij gaat samen met de kinderen naar Praag. Aanvankelijk zou Josef eigenlijk worden gestationeerd in Eger, maar na interventie door Němcová werd hij gestationeerd in Miskolc dat toentertijd een grote Slowaakse commune kende. In het voornamelijk Duitstalige Liberec hadden Němcová's kinderen al les van een Tsjechische privéleraar gekregen. Němcová achtte het in het belang van de kinderen, dat zij Tsjechisch onderwijs kregen. Tevens was dit een vlucht uit haar ongelukkige huwelijk. In Praag voorzag ze zich in haar levensonderhoud door huishoudelijk werk te verrichten, kleding te wassen en incidentele schrijfopdrachten. Frequent leefde ze met schulden en was zijn genoodzaakt haar vrienden te vragen om haar financieel te steunen. In sociaal opzicht ging het haar echter goed en ze had contacten met een aantal literaire patriotten die haar bijstonden. Ze is in deze periode in totaal zes keer verhuisd binnen Praag.

Bezoek aan Josef in Hongarije en het overlijden van Hynek

Een aantal keren heeft ze Josef opgezocht in Hongarije. Zo vertrok ze op 9 april 1853 samen met Jaroslav en Dora naar Balassagyarmat alwaar Josef op dat moment was gestationeerd. Haar oudste zonen Karel en Hynek verbleven op dat moment in Praag om hun middelbare school af te maken en woonden bij vriend en schrijver František Šumavský. Josef stond op dat moment onder onderzoek van de keizerlijke autoriteiten, waarbij zijn salaris was gehalveerd en zijn post werd achtergehouden. De autoriteiten hadden vernomen dat Josef respectloos had gesproken over keizer Ferdinand. Daardoor was het vermoeden ontstaan dat hij een patriot en een republikein was met revolutionaire ideeën tegen het keizerrijk. Op 15 oktober 1853 ontving Němcová in Balassagyarmat een brief van František. Hij wees Němcová erop dat haar oudste zoon, Hynek, ernstig ziek was; hij leed aan tuberculose. Němcová is direct naar Praag vertrokken waar zij arriveerde op 17 oktober. Ze vond Hynek daar op zijn sterfbed, hij stierf drie dagen later op 19 oktober 1853, op 15-jarige leeftijd. Němcová begon hierna, deels als vorm van rouwverwerking, met het schrijven van haar magnum opus: Babička.

Josefs ontslag, en overlijden

In 1856 krijgt Josef een positie aangeboden in Villach, Oostenrijk, nabij de Sloveense grens. Němcová bleef echter in Praag en niet veel later raakte Josef zijn baan kwijt en trok in bij Němcová in Praag op 19 september 1856. Hij was ertoe gedwongen ontslag te nemen nadat hij was beschuldigd van verduistering. In de zomer van 1857 verhuizen ze van het kleine appartement aan de Štěpánskástraat naar Řeznická. Hier kreeg het koppel een grote ruzie over de toekomst van hun zonen Karel en Jaroslav. Josef wilde dat Karel in zijn voetsporen zou treden als belastingambtenaar, Němcová vond dat haar zoon zelf zijn eigen carrière moest kunnen kiezen. De ruzie en het fysieke geweld was dermate ernstig dat de politie tussenbeide moest komen. Naast de vele ruzies werden de laatste jaren van haar leven gekenmerkt door: geldgebrek, politietoezicht en censuur omdat ze te boek stond als een regeringsvijandig schrijfster. Ze heeft veel schrijfopdrachten aangenomen om financiële inkomsten te genereren voor haar gezin en voelde zich een slaaf van de regering en wilde op een gegeven moment zelfs emigreren naar Rusland of de Verenigde Staten. Na een hevige echtelijke ruzie in 1861 weigerde Němcová het nog bij te leggen met Josef. Ze vertrok naar Litomyšl om aldaar haar publicatie van haar oeuvre voor te bereiden. Tevens was haar een toezegging gedaan voor een positie als proeflezer. Dit ging niet als gepland. Němcová was erg ziek en volledig blut door financiële tegenvallers. Josef is haar uiteindelijk komen halen uit Litomyšl en heeft haar teruggebracht naar Praag. Aldaar werd ze bijgestaan door haar dochter Dora en Markyta, de dochter van haar oude vriend František Šumavský. Op 20 januari 1862 schrijft ze een kort verhaal over hen, getiteld: Verpleegsters (Tsjechisch: Ošetřovatelkám). Op 21 januari 1862 komt Němcová te overlijden, waarschijnlijk aan kanker en aan tuberculose. Božena Němcová is 41 jaar oud geworden. Hoewel gestorven in armoede, krijgt ze een indrukwekkende begrafenis, bekostigd door haar vrienden. Němcová ligt begraven op het Vyšehradkerkhof in de wijk Vyšehrad te Praag.

Speculaties
De Tsjechische historicus Jaroslav Šůla stelt dat Božena Němcova moet zijn geboren op 2 mei 1818 in Silezië, een regio rond rivier de Oder, op het grensgebied van Duitsland, Polen, en Tsjechië. Zijn basis voor deze theorie is de administratie van de basisschool in Česká Skalice. Němcová ging naar deze school van 1824 tot 1830, waardoor het geboortejaar van 1820 in twijfel wordt getrokken. Volgens deze theorie, behoort de geboorteakte uit Alservorstadt van het jaar 1820 toe aan een ander buitenechtelijk kind van Terezie Novotná. Een andere theorie speculeert dat Božena een buitenechtelijk kind was van aristocraten en dat Němcová is afgestaan aan Johann Pankl en Terezie Novotná. Voor deze speculaties bestaan echter geen overtuigende bewijzen.

Bibliografie

Poëzie

Korte verhalen

Tsjechische Sprookjes en Legendes (1845-1847)
Němcová publiceerde haar sprookjes en legendes tussen 1845 en 1847 in zeven volumes.

Slowaakse sprookjes en legendes (1857-1858)
Němcová geraakte in aanraking met de Slowaakse folklore tijdens haar bezoeken aan Slowakije. Deze verhalen heeft ze gepubliceerd tussen 1857 en 1858. Hier zijn een aantal van haar bekendste sprookjes. Tijdens de laatste tien jaar van haar leven wilde Němcová ook graag sprookjes uit andere Slavische culturen opnemen in haar werk. Zo heeft ze onder andere sprookjes vertaald vanuit het Sloveens, Servisch en het Bulgaars naar het Tsjechisch. Het idee om een set van Slavische sprookjes te publiceren is nooit gerealiseerd.

Romans
Na het overlijden van haar oudste zoon Hynek heeft Němcová haar magnum opus Babička geschreven. Dit boek heeft haar postuum haar roem gebracht.

Nederlandse vertalingen
Uit het oeuvre van Němcová zijn twee boeken vertaald naar het Nederlands: Grootmoeder (Babička) en De Schoolmeester (Pan učitel). Grootmoeder is op 23 mei 2014 uitgegeven door uitgeverij Donker en is vertaald door Kees Mercks. De Schoolmeester is op 17 januari 2020 uitgegeven door uitgeverij Douane. Het boek is vertaald door Irma Pieper.

Verfilmingen
 Tři oříšky pro Popelku (Drie hazelnoten voor Assepoester)

Galerij

Zie ook
 Tsjechische literatuur
 Lijst van Tsjechische schrijvers

Externe links
  Muzeum Boženy Němcové Božena Němcovámuseum in Česká Skalice.
  Stichting Babička Nederland Stichting die tot doel heeft Božena Němcová onder de aandacht te brengen.
  British Library - The grandmother of all Czech authors: Božena Němcová
  Tijdschrift voor Slavische literatuur - Božena Němcová: schrijven om te overleven
  - IMDb-profiel over de miniserie Božena

Bronnen

Tsjechisch schrijver
Tsjechisch dichter


Summary Exterior view of the Parlor Restaurant in Georgetown, Colorado. Three men and a girl stand on the worn boardwalk in front of the one-story false front building. The building features a white clapboard top and dark paint from the bracketed cornice down to the kickplates. "Parlor Restaurant" is painted on the large pane windows. Other signs read: "Dinner is ready, 35. Cents. Chicken Dinner" "Merchant Lunch" "Regular Meals, 35. Cents" and "A. Booth, Trade, Oval Brand, Mark, Oysters." A gas lantern sign with a cut-out metal fish on top hangs on a post in front of the restaurant.