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Owners & Managers
Trades Person
Owners/Managers
Shingle Roof Systems
Common roof systems in Arizona:
The asphalt single
The manufacturing process
Asphalt shingles are manufactured by embedding a fiberglass mat in modified bitumen, then surfaced with a blend of colored mineral granules, both for protecting asphalt and providing a pleasing appearance.
3-tab shingles named for their appearance having 3 tabs are standard and perhaps one of the oldest styles of shingles.
Laminated shingles also known as architectural shingles, contained more than one layer laminated (glued) together to give a more 3-dimensional appearance. Laminate has become very popular with architects and builders for their appearance and easier installation.
Interlocking shingles come in various shapes and sizes. Installed in an interlocking method that provides superior wind resistance.
The system components
The decking is typically a wood sheathing material. Technically, the decking is considered part of the "roof assembly." A solid deck is critical.
Underlayment while never is seen, but it is nearly as important as the shingles. The underlayment protects the sheathing as well as providing a substrate for the shingles. Traditionally, asphalt-saturated felt is used; however, synthetic underlayment's have been more popular.
Flashing provides additional waterproofing and is made of aluminum or galvanized steel. Flashings include edge flashing, penetration flashing, crickets, saddles and more.
Vents, proper ventilation can make all the difference in the service life of any roof system. A complete roof system will always include properly designed ventilation. Unfortunately, ventilation tends to be neglected.
Guttering and Downspouts
The steep-sloped roof system is designed to shed water off the roof. The guttering and downspouts are designed to move the water away from the building to a more desirable location.
Service life expectancy
Every roofing system has a service life cycle. Starting with the installation, and ending with its removal and replacement at the end of its service life. Several factors will affect the actual service life of the roof system from proper to improper installation to excellent or poor maintenance.
3-tab shingles 15-18 years
Laminated and interlocking shingles24-30 years
Heavyweight designer shingles up to 50 years
What is an overlay and why you shouldn't do it
An overlay is when a roofer installed an additional layer of asphalt shingles over an existing layer. Over time the fasteners from the first layer will work their way through the top layer, leave small holes all over the roof. These holes allow water intrusion and subsequent damage, and when it comes time to re-roof the house, it will be a costly job. Much more expensive than just having the first roof system removed. I never recommend an overlay.
Henry Staggs
Roof Consultant and Roofing Industry Advocate
www.preferredroofconsultants.com
The Arizona Roofer and Waterproofing Processional, LLC has made every attempt to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided on this website. However, the information is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. This website and its content are copyright of The Arizona Roofer and Waterproofing Processional, LLC - © The Arizona Roofer and Waterproofing Processional, LLC 2019. All rights reserved. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following; you may print or download for your personal and non-commercial use only. You may copy the content to individual third parties for their personal use, but only if you acknowledge the website as the source of the material and do not alter the content of the article in any way. You may not, except with our express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. Nor may you transmit it or store it in any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system.
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LONDON (AP) – The Davis Cup is getting a radical overhaul in hopes of reviving an event that has lost some luster.
Beginning next year, the top team event in men's tennis will be decided with a season-ending, 18-team tournament at a neutral site, creating an event that the International Tennis Federation believes will be more attractive to elite players who have often passed on competing for their countries while already facing a crowded schedule.
And players will be competing for what the ITF says rivals Grand Slam prize money after a $3 billion, 25-year agreement that was approved Thursday at the organization's conference in Orlando, Florida. A spokesman said about 71 percent of the delegates voted for the reform.
The finalists will be placed into six, three-team groups for round robin play, involving two singles matches and one doubles match, all best-of-three-sets — instead of the current format that has four singles matches and one doubles match that are best-of-five. The winners, along with the next two teams with the best records, will advance to the single-elimination quarterfinals.
"The new format will project Davis Cup into the 21st century and elevate tennis' premiere annual team competition to the heights it deserves," the USTA said in a statement.
The Americans will play at Croatia in this year's semifinals in September, and Spain and France meet in the other semifinals. Top-ranked Rafael Nadal is expected to play for Spain, but Roger Federer has frequently passed on playing for Switzerland.


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March 15, 2011 By BI Editor
In high performance tests of MicroStrategy 9.0.1 software, MicroStrategy Intelligence Server operating in a virtualized environment maintained average response times under 2 seconds with minimal impact to system throughput. In MicroStrategy's High Performance and Scalability lab tests, an 8-CPU configuration of MicroStrategy Intelligence Server delivered a power rating of 117 KiloCycles, or 117,000 round-trip queries per hour, while supporting more than 20,000 active users. Meanwhile, the same configuration operating within a virtual machine (VM) delivered a power rating of 95 KiloCycles supporting nearly 17,000 active users. Furthermore, running in a VM environment did not affect the average response times observed. Both systems delivered the same sub 2-second average response time. Tests ran using MicroStrategy 9.0.1 installed on commodity Intel-based hardware with a typical retail price of $24,320. [Read more…]
Filed Under: MicroStrategy
February 17, 2010 By BI Editor
MicroStrategy announced MicroStrategy 9 Release 2 at its annual user conference in Las Vegas. The latest software release from MicroStrategy was made generally available on January 22, 2010.
Work Faster with New Performance Enhancements
MicroStrategy 9 Release 2 includes significant enhancements that make business intelligence faster for BI users, even at the highest scale of usage. Organizations today are faced with rapidly expanding data volumes and users, partners, and customers that need immediate data access to work more efficiently. MicroStrategy's latest release can meet these expanding demands with even higher performance than before. [Read more…]
Filed Under: Featured, MicroStrategy
MicroStrategy Rated Top Performer in Web Deployment
April 16, 2008 By BI Editor
The BI Survey 7, a leading independent survey of the business intelligence (BI) software market, has found that MicroStrategy customers lead in Web deployment. For the seventh consecutive year, MicroStrategy customers are more successful in deploying BI via the Web than are customers using any other leading BI product. [Read more…]
MicroStrategy Announces License Replacement Program for Customers of Cognos and Business Objects
December 4, 2007 By BI Editor
MicroStrategy announced its license replacement program for customers and OEM partners of Cognos and Business Objects.
As a result of the recently announced acquisitions of Cognos by IBM and Business Objects by SAP, customers of these two BI vendors may have concerns about ongoing product support, product direction, and migration efforts. The MicroStrategy License Replacement program enables customers of Cognos and Business Objects to trade in their existing BI licenses for MicroStrategy licenses at little or no replacement cost. [Read more…]
MicroStrategy Mobile Delivers Business Intelligence to BlackBerry Smartphones
October 3, 2007 By BI Editor
MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy Mobileâ"¢, a new product that delivers BI information directly to BlackBerry® smartphones from Research In Motion (RIM). MicroStrategy Mobile was included in MicroStrategy's September 2007 software release.
MicroStrategy Mobile offers powerful features that enable business users to receive the same reports on their BlackBerry smartphone that they receive on their desktop, without the need for reformatting or retrofitting existing reports. Each user can design and save his own personal report preferences to ensure optimal viewing of even the largest reports on his BlackBerry smartphone. Reports can also be accessed while offline or when the BlackBerry smartphone is not within connectivity range. [Read more…]
Filed Under: Business Intelligence, MicroStrategy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The webcam is located at at the coast in a height of 8 m NHN. The ground is visible for a clear identification of precipitation. The Sky is clearly visible to see clouds and weather. Die Webcam blickt vom Strandhotel Heringsdorf in Richtung Seebrücke.


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Darius Morris
Drafted #41 in the 2011 NBA Draft by the Lakers
RCSI: 115 (2009)
Position: PG
Jerseys: #7, #8, #2, #9, #1, #14
High School: Windward School (California)
Hometown: Los Angeles, CA
Agent: Chris Emens
AAU: Belmont Shore
College: Michigan
Current Team: Santa Cruz
Darius Morris Video Breakdown
We take a look at the strengths and weaknesses of Darius Morris, with the help of Michigan game-film from this past season.
Darius Morris Strengths/Weaknesses Video
Watch in full screen mode by clicking button in upper right hand corner of video
NBA Combine Interviews: Josh Selby, Nolan Smith, Shumpert, D. Morris
Trending Prospects (1/14/2011)
Joey Whelan
When talking about the most improved players in the country this season, Michigan's Darius Morris has to be in the conversation. The sophomore point guard has increased his numbers across the board and made the leap from an unproductive freshman to one of the top guards in the Big Ten.
From a physical standpoint, Morris has great size and length for the point guard position at 6'4" with a very impressive frame. Always looking to make things happen with the ball in his hands, Morris is capable of overpowering defenders with his solid first step and extremely aggressive mentality, similar to the way Tyreke Evans did at Memphis a few years back. While he may not possess jet-quickness by NBA standards, his size and strength are major assets on both ends of the floor and give him a huge physical advantage at the point guard position.
Running the point for a young Michigan team, Morris has really stood out with his ability to utilize his size, ball-handling ability, and craftiness to get into the paint and make plays. His ability to finish in the lane and in the midrange area is highlighted by the fact that he's shooting an excellent 56% on 2-pointers so far this season, where he's shown that he's capable of finishing in a variety ways. He's also doing a much better job drawing contact at the rim this season, as he's getting to the line at a much rate than he did as a freshman.
The area where Morris has really stood out and made strides this season has been as a distributor. Aided by the fact that he's asked to handle the ball and create shots for himself and his teammates dozens of times per game, he's shown to have a solid feel for making drive and dish plays, even if there's still plenty of room for improvement. He's clearly embraced his role as the Wolverine's primary ball-handler and playmaker, nearly doubling his assist rate from last season.
Morris is dishing out 8.8 assists per 40 minutes pace adjusted this season, which leads all players in our database. For a player who last season looked like he may not even be a point guard, that is a pretty incredible stat. With that said, we must consider the situation he's in right now, as he is asked to handle the ball virtually every second his team is on offense. This results in some very ugly possessions from time to time, where Morris will pound the ball incessantly or force the issue badly, leading to a huge amount of turnovers and low-percentage shots.
While his decision making can be very shaky at times, due to attempting to throw difficult passes or forcing up contested shots, he's adapting pretty well to his role this season, particularly as the year has moved on. Coach John Beilein has had no choice but to show the utmost confidence in Morris and his ability to run the team, altering his half-court philosophy dramatically from a stagnant motion offense to one centered around pick and rolls and isolation plays. This appears to have improved his team's offense—Michigan was just narrowly defeated by two of the top teams in the NCAA in Michigan State and Kansas this past week—and has allowed Morris to emerge as an interesting draft prospect in turn.
Morris can become even a much more dangerous player if he can continue to improve as a perimeter shooter. His 3-point shooting is up slightly to 27.9% this season, from a miserable 18% as a freshman, and his free throw shooting has risen from 63% to 77%. Clearly he put in some work shooting the ball over the summer. With that said, he still has plenty of room for improvement. He isn't particularly effective as a shooter with his feet set, and while he's more comfortable shooting off the dribble, he still takes some bad shots and doesn't have great range. If he can become a reliable shooter from 3-point range, it should really open up his slashing game and make him an even tougher matchup for opposing point guards.
Defensively, Morris has the potential to be a solid defender at the NBA level. He has ideal size and length for a point guard, he moves well laterally, and he plays with good energy. He'll need to improve on defending the ball-handler on pick-and-rolls and work harder at fighting through screens, but he can get better with that in time.
Another plus for him defensively is that he's big enough to be able to cover most shooting guards, which would enable him to be able to play in different backcourt combinations and give his coach flexibility on the defensively depending on matchups.
Overall, it's still a bit premature to jump to too many conclusions regarding Morris's NBA prospects, but through sixteen games of this season, he's certainly managed to turn some heads. His dramatic improvement from his freshman to sophomore season is very encouraging, and he is definitely a player to keep an eye on as he goes through Big Ten play.
While Morris may not be able to operate offensively in the NBA in quite the same manner as he does at Michigan currently, his size and knack for getting into the lane and making plays is definitely intriguing. As he continues to add polish and improve as a perimeter shooter and decision maker, he'll likely be a player we talk much more about in the future.
03/29/2019 117 - 102 vs Oklahoma City
03/23/2019 112 - 110 vs Ontario
Tweets by @dariusmorris4


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Quick Bytes!
By River City Rage May 19, 2007, 1:06am EDT
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The often unfriendly Orlando Sentinel highlights the role of Rookie WR Mike Walker. I've not seen the kid on the field yet, but I like his (grammar lacking) attitude
"Stay quiet; don't talk no trash," he said. "Just go out and do your work and come back."
Also interesting is that Mike and Reggie Nelson have been friends since high school.
More interesting is that Mike says his knee is..
The knee is 100% now, with no residual pain. [and] He feels that the speed is legitimate at 4.35.
Speaking of friendships, Maurice Jones-Drew and rookie DT Derek Landri went to the same prep school in Concord Connecticut and have remained good friends, so much in fact that they've been working out together since well before the draft.
I like that our rookies have a bit of a support network, despite that there was no way the Jaguars had that in their thoughts on draft day.
Speaking of Maurice, here's a video of some behind the scenes stuff for a Chunky Soup commercial. It's quite pleasing that a Jag is getting a national ad campaign, despite how annoying Mama McNabb is. Though, given MJD's personality, I wouldn't be surprised if he turned into a total ad whore like Peyton Manning. And I almost mean that in a good way.
Middle Linebacker Mike Peterson is expecting a baby soon. We at Big Cat Country give our best during what must be a very exciting time!
Jack Del Rio took a slight shot at departed offensive coordinator Carl Smith
"It's not that they were horrible, but we feel we can be better," Del Rio said. "We're not settling for that. I was brought in to win a championship."
From the department of exceedingly good news Marcus Stroud is catching on that better off-season workouts mean less missed time from nagging injuries. Del Rio explains:
"We've talked about it, and he understands the importance [of] this time of year," Del Rio said. "It's like buying insurance. The harder you work, the more you train, the more you build up your body, the more you're able to withstand. If you're a big defensive tackle, you're asked to withstand quite a bit. So I think the great thing is I really feel like he's made a tremendous commitment to being at his very best this year for us, and that's a good sign."
Of course, it could not be a roundup without a few nasty words in the mainstream media.
SI's Andrew Perloff Ranks QB Byron Leftwich at number 27 in his ranking of starting quarterbacks. Only Losman, Schaub, McCown, Jackson and Frye rank lower. The top of the list is Manning, Brady, Palmer and Brees. But the whole list is whacky because Mike Vick is in the top ten, so whatever.
ESPiN starts the dreaded trend of "power rankings", putting our Jags at 14 and says
So, do a quarterback (Byron Leftwich) and head coach (Jack Del Rio) need to like each other for a team to succeed? Guess we'll find out this year in Jacksonville.
Now, somewhere out there is a ranking of off-season action. This ranks Jacksonville very low. This is what I call bullshit. You see, if you accept the premise that Jacksonville does not need a quarterback, then there is no apperant glaring need that they could have/should have addressed in free agency/the draft. We stockpiled some defensive picks with the draft, got a speedy slot guy in FA, and lost someone we immediately replaced in the Draft. About the only thing that could improve it would have been drafting someone at Defensive End with the Reggie Hayward/Bobby McCray situation.


Male Eastern Kingbirds sing a complex vocalization from perches before dawn or occasionally in the evening. This sound consists of high, sputtering notes followed by a buzzy zeer, repeated many times, with each song lasting about 1.5 seconds.
Males vocalize more than females, but both give a variety of high-pitched, short, explosive calls with an electric quality.
Adults and older nestlings snap their bills at humans or other animals that threaten the nest. They use the same bill snap in aggressive interactions with members of their own species. Adults make a whirring sound with their wings, possibly with notched primary feathers.


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Florida Cracks Down on Senior Abuse
By Jill Roamer, J.D., CIPP/US May 5, 2021
Florida has taken a major stand against abuse and fraud perpetrated on senior and disabled..
Elder Law is Scary (and Other Common Myths)
By Valerie Peterson, J.D. April 30, 2021
With some 10,000 Americans turning 65 every day, elder law practice represents a huge..
The Case of an Agent that Acts Under a Springing Power of Attorney Before the Principal is Incapacitated
By Jill Roamer, J.D., CIPP/US April 28, 2021
As a part of many estate and elder law plans, an elder law attorney will draft a Financial Power..
Medicaid Planning, Elder Law
Blind Woman Wins Judgment Against Uber
Ms. Irving, a blind woman, lives in San Francisco. In 2018, she filed a Complaint against..
The Importance of the Language Used in a Legal Document
Language can be tricky, imprecise, and confusing. When drafting legal documents, it is important..
Can a Child Caretaker Work Outside the Home?
By Jill Roamer, J.D., CIPP/US April 6, 2021
Qualifying for long-term care Medicaid can be tricky. There are strict asset and income limits...
The Current State of Medicaid Work Requirements
By Jill Roamer, J.D., CIPP/US March 30, 2021
Former President Trump made it very clear during his presidency that he supported Medicaid work..
Child Support Arrears and Estate Recovery
In a recent case out of Ohio, a court of appeals analyzed whether the state could recover child..
Larry King and the Holographic Will
Larry King passed away in January due to complications with COVID-19. At the time, he was in the..
Massachusetts Sticks to Three-Year Estate Recovery Rule
Federal law demands that states attempt to recover amounts expended on certain beneficiaries..
Showing Transfers Were for Purposes Other Than to Qualify for Medicaid Benefits
By Jill Roamer, J.D., CIPP/US March 3, 2021
When someone needs long-term care and applies for Medicaid benefits, there is a look-back..
SSDI Waiting Period Eliminated for Individuals with ALS
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a program that is overseen by the Social Security..


text:
/*
 * @test
 * @bug 4309152
 * @summary Compiler silently generates bytecode that exceeds VM limits
 * @compile NumArgsTest.java
 * @run main TopLevelClassConstructorArgs
 */

public class TopLevelClassConstructorArgs extends NumArgsTest {
    private TopLevelClassConstructorArgs() {
        super(254, "TopLevelClassConstructorArgs");
    }

    public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
        new TopLevelClassConstructorArgs().runTest();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
News from Lewisville | Flower Mound | Highland Village
Lewisville Mayor Rudy Durham decides to complete term following retirement as chief appraiser
(Anna Herod/Community Impact Newspaper)
By Anna Herod | 2:49 PM Dec. 13, 2019 CST | Updated 2:49 PM Dec. 13, 2019 CST
Lewisville Mayor Rudy Durham said he plans to finish out his term, which ends in May 2021. (Courtesy city of Lewisville)
Lewisville Mayor Rudy Durham said he plans to finish out his term, which ends in May 2021, despite his earlier statements that he would resign at the end of the year due to a new state law.
Durham said in June that he would end his 25-year post as an elected official so that he could continue to work as the Denton Central Appraisal District's chief appraiser. The announcement came after Senate Bill 2, which prohibits elected officials from working for an appraisal district, was passed by the Texas Legislature.
However, Durham's plans have changed since then. Documents show that Durham submitted his resignation and agreed to retire from the appraisal district Nov. 21.
"Durham acknowledges that the DCAD Board of Directors has expressed dissatisfaction with his performance and desires a change of leadership for DCAD as soon as possible," Durham's severance agreement stated.
According to his severance agreement, the appraisal district agreed to pay Durham $92,040 by the end of the year. Additionally, the district will pay out Durham's accrued paid leave as well as his retiree insurance premiums through March 2021.
Durham told Community Impact Newspaper that he plans to continue having a professional career in a real estate-related industry.
"Oh, yes. I plan to finish my term and possibly further along in the future," Durham said.
Durham added that he hopes to see Castle Hills get annexed into Lewisville before his term is over and for progress to be made on the construction of I-35E.
Tags: Rudy Durham , Lewisville , City of Lewisville , Denton Central Appraisal District , Denton County , Lewisville City Council
By Anna Herod
Anna Herod covers local government, education, business and the environment as the editor of Community Impact Newspaper's Lewisville/Flower Mound/Highland Village edition. In the past, Anna served as the reporter for Community Impact's San Marcos/Buda/Kyle paper. Her bylines have appeared in the Austin American-Statesman, Hays Free Press and The Burleson Star. She is a graduate of Texas State University's School of Journalism and Mass Communication.
Thrift City of Lewisville to remain open, relocate
In December, Thrift City announced it would close. However, it will now remain open in a new location.
AquaKids Swim School coming soon to Castle Hills
AquaKids Swim School is set to open just in time for summer.
151 Coffee coming soon to Lewisville
A new coffee shop is coming to Lewisville this spring.
Infrastructure construction to begin on Tequesta subdivision in Highland Village
Construction crews will begin construction on the infrastructure for the Tequesta subdivision in Highland Village this month, according to officials.
Smash Burger of Flower Mound closed
The restaurant, which was located on justin Road, closed at the end of December.
Lewisville Fire Chief Timothy Tittle dies after cancer battle
Lewisville Fire Chief Timothy Tittle died early in the morning of Jan. 20 after years of battling cancer, according to officials.
Labyrinth Reality Games now open in Lewisville
Labyrinth Reality Games is an immersive reality realm featuring art installations, escape rooms and interactive experiences.
Public education the focus of upcoming forums with candidates for the Texas Legislature
The events are hosted by nonprofit advocacy group Raise Your Hand Texas Foundation.
Two candidates file to run for Lewisville ISD board of trustees
On May 2, voters will get to cast a ballot to fill Places 6 and 7 on the Lewisville ISD board of trustees.
Eggspress Cafe now open in Highland Village
The cafe serves breakfast and lunch items such as pancakes, waffles, crepes, hamburgers, chicken, steak, energy bowls and more. Visitors can order handcrafted coffee and espresso drinks.
Candidates begin to file to run for Lewisville, Flower Mound and Highland Village councils in May 2 elections
Candidates began filing Jan. 15 to run for election for various seats on Lewisville, Flower Mound and Highland Village councils.
La Quinta by Wyndham now open in Lewisville
The new hotel opened at the end of 2019.
Top 10: Most read online stories from Dallas-Fort Worth area posted by Community Impact in 2019
Thrift City to close its Lewisville location
New Girl Scout cookie to premiere when sales begin Jan. 17
Kids Kastle reconstruction to be completed by end of summer


text:
Home / Products / Beethoven: String Trios, Opp. 3, 8, and 9 and String Duo, WoO 32
Beethoven: String Trios, Opp. 3, 8, and 9 and String Duo, WoO 32
Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven
Editor: Emil Platen
Instrumentation: String Trio (Violin, Viola, Cello), Cello, Viola
String Trio in E-flat Major, Op. 3
Serenade in D Major, Op. 8
Trio in G Major, Op. 9, No. 1
String Trio in D Major, Op. 9, No. 2
String Trio in C Minor, Op. 9, No. 3
Duo in E-flat Major ("Duett mit zwei obligaten Augengläsern"), WoO 32


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Third-Year Reset: Ellijah Gardiner Battling Tough Competition on Ohio State's Wide Receiver Depth Chart
In the final position player installment in the Third-Year Reset, we take a look at Ellijah Gardiner, who is still looking to earn his first significant playing time in Ohio State's wide receiver rotation – a challenge that might not get any easier with the talent the Buckeyes currently have at the position and will soon have coming in.
Gardiner played a wide variety of positions at Kemp High School in the small city of Kemp, Texas, including quarterback and cornerback, but played primarily at wide receiver for his final two seasons with the Yellowjackets, earning all-district honors as a senior.
Pete Werner
He was a three-sport star at Kemp, also standing out on the basketball court and in track and field, where he set the school record in the triple jump (44 feet, 9 inches) and also posted top marks of 22.6 seconds in the 200-meter dash, 49.8 seconds in the 400-meter dash and 22 feet, 11.5 inches in the long jump.
A late bloomer in the recruiting process, Gardiner did not have any offers from Football Bowl Subdivision schools entering his senior year. He originally committed to Missouri in November 2016, just weeks after receiving an offer from the Tigers.
Ohio State made a late pursuit of Gardiner, however, after Tyjon Lindsey decommitted from the Buckeyes in January 2017, just weeks before National Signing Day. After making an official visit to Ohio State on the weekend before National Signing Day, Gardiner announced his commitment to the Buckeyes on January 30 and signed with them just two days later.
He became one of five prospects from Texas in Ohio State's recruiting class of 2017, along with Jeffrey Okudah, Baron Browning, J.K. Dobbins and Kendall Sheffield.
Ranked as the No. 796 overall prospect in the class, Gardiner was the only prospect ranked outside the top 300 among the 20 scholarship position players in Ohio State's recruiting class of 2017.
Despite his low ranking, Ohio State decided to take a chance on Gardiner because of his 6-foot-4 frame and his athleticism.
"After I really studied him and our staff really studied him and got to meet him and spend time with him, look what he's going to be like, that's a project-type body, but big and fast," former Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer said. "Kind of if you miss on a player, make sure you miss fast and miss big, and they usually turn into something."
Gardiner took a redshirt as a true freshman and did not appear in any games in 2017.
He appeared in nine games for the Buckeyes last season, including each of their final six contests, but almost exclusively on special teams; he played only seven total snaps on offense (three against Rutgers, four against Tulane). He became a regular on Ohio State's kickoff coverage unit before the end of the season, but did not record any statistics.
Because he was a project when he arrived at Ohio State, Gardiner was always expected to redshirt his first year on campus. As the Buckeyes returned all six receivers from their regular rotation in 2017 last season, the only significant opening for Gardiner to earn playing time last season came when Austin Mack suffered a foot injury that knocked him out for the Buckeyes' final six games. Fast-rising freshman Chris Olave, however, surpassed Gardiner (and every other wide receiver outside the rotation) to take Mack's place among the top six wideouts for the rest of the year.
With the departures of Terry McLaurin and Johnnie Dixon from last season, the depth chart is open at the Z receiver position, where Gardiner was among the players practicing this spring. But it still appears likely that could be left on the outside of the wide receiver rotation.
Ohio State moved Mack, who rotated with Binjimen Victor at the X receiver position for the past two seasons, to the Z receiver position this spring in order to fill the void of experience there. The senior could still end up moving back to the X position this fall, though, depending on where the Buckeyes determine he could help them most.
RELATED Austin Mack Healthy, Practicing at Multiple Receiver Spots Following Recovery from Season-Ending Leg Injury
The bigger problem for Gardiner is that he's already been surpassed on the depth chart by Olave, who is a lock for a spot in the Z receiver rotation this year. Gardiner is also likely to be surpassed by fellow Texas native Garrett Wilson, a five-star freshman who appears to be in line for immediate playing time as a true freshman after an excellent first spring as an early enrollee.
Assuming that Mack, Victor, Olave and Wilson will also have spots in the outside receiver rotation, there likely won't be much playing time available at the position for anyone else, and fellow third-year receiver Jaylen Harris would likely be the next man up before Gardiner.
Ohio State wide receivers coach Brian Hartline did say this spring that he wants the Buckeyes to have a deep rotation at the position, so it is possible he could expand the rotation to get Gardiner on the field if he proves he deserves playing time.
"Truly, the best players play," Hartline said. "We're an uptempo offense, so we need guys, we need depth. We're gonna roll guys. Because in the end, we just can't play fast, unless we have legs. So the more guys, the better."
Gardiner's best chance to make his mark as a redshirt sophomore, though, will likely come on special teams. After earning regular playing time on the kickoff coverage unit late last season, Gardiner should have a chance to become a leader this year on multiple special teams units, where his size and speed give him promising upside. He ran with the punt team as one of its gunners in the spring game, so he's among the candidates who could see playing time in that role, where McLaurin and Dixon were regulars last year.
If Gardiner can show some playmaking ability on special teams this year, that just might be what he needs to make a push for playing time at wide receiver before his career is over.
Ellijah Gardiner showed some playmaking ability in this year's spring game, catching two passes for 72 yards – including a 59-yard catch-and-run – while also running as a gunner with the punt team.
While Gardiner probably won't be in line to play a huge role for Ohio State this season, he's going to need to take advantage of the opportunities he gets – whether those come on offense, special teams or simply on the practice field – and make an impression this year if he is going to put himself in a better position to play a bigger role before his Ohio State career is over.
That's because even though Mack and Victor are set to complete their Ohio State careers this season, there still might not be a clear path to substantial playing time for Gardiner in 2020 or 2021, either.
Olave will be at Ohio State for at least two more years while Wilson will be at Ohio State for at least three, and there's a lot more talent coming in behind them. Jameson Williams is an explosively fast receiver who should be a strong candidate for significant playing time next season after arriving this summer, while the Buckeyes also have a trio of top-100 receivers committed to their recruiting class of 2020 – Julian Fleming, Gee Scott Jr. and Jaxon Smith-Njigba – who could all push for immediate playing time next year.
RELATED Jaxon Smith-Njigba Makes Sure No One Forgets His Name with Performance at The Opening Finals
Because those players were much more highly coveted recruits than Gardiner was, Ohio State won't necessarily be disposed to playing Gardiner over them simply because of his experience unless he demonstrates the playmaking ability in practice to prove that he belongs on the field more in games.
With three years of eligibility remaining, there's still time for Gardiner to make a move up the depth chart and make an impact before his Ohio State career is over. He's one of the biggest wide receivers on the team, giving him promise as a downfield target and also as a blocker, and came in as a player who would need time to develop before he'd be ready to contribute for the Buckeyes' offense.
Because of the elite talent that Hartline is stacking up at the wide receiver position, however – Ohio State also already has a commitment from four-star Massillon wide receiver Jayden Ballard for 2021 – Gardiner could get lost in the shuffle if he doesn't make that move soon.


The very second the first crisp and crunchy autumn leaf hit the pavement and dew covered the branches in the many trees around my extremely green city, my thoughts turned immediately to the festive. I can't help it, Christmas is my favourite time of year and once the warmth of summer has gone for another year, my daily need for light has to be satisfied with a myriad of twinkling fairy lights, wrapped around as many stationary objects as I can find in the Apple Chapel.
Last year, my Christmas recipe theme was around cooking for two but this year, my Instant Pot is being put to work and I've been busy developing new ways to cook your festive favourites with a few twists and tweaks along the way to keep things interesting. First up, is my Instant Pot Christmas Pudding.
Having converted the Christmas pudding haters in my family to the one I have been making for quite a few years now, it was hard to stray too far from The Recipe as I knew how much it was enjoyed. I soak the dried fruits for weeks in booze before making the pudding a good couple of months ahead of Christmas itself. I'm certainly not alone in doing this – a lot of readers have been asking me for Christmas cakes and puddings and given the amount of fruit and alcohol in both, they keep extremely well and are so much better for a little maturation in a cool, dark cupboard.
Usually, I make my pud in the slow cooker as it is so easy to plug in and forget about, as opposed to fussing and tending to a simmering pot on the stove for hours on end. Imagine how thrilled I was to see after minimal tweaking, I could make my Christmas Pud in the Instant Pot in about an hour!
In fact, when I think about it, I imagine traditional British home cooks would have been more used to cooking in a pressure cooker than most of us are today so it's not such a strange idea.
In fact, if anything, I think the texture is quite improved for cooking under pressure. It is the softest, most fudgy Christmas pudding I've ever eaten and it's so easy to make, I will certainly be making extra to give as gifts this year. I've done some tweaking of my original recipe as I wanted to not just update the method of cooking but the recipe itself.
My family love nuts so some finely chopped pecans went in and to help guarantee moistness and a meltingly soft texture, some finely chopped dates which work as a fabulously sticky and sweet glue as the almost melt on cooking.
I've found upping the spice level a little but not so much to overtake, and even substituting my homemade Mixed Spice for Pumpkin Pie Spice brings a lovely warming note, I think from the cardamom I add to it. A little of grated carrot is a very traditional addition.
A deliciously moist and fudgy Christmas pudding made super fast in the Instant Pot pressure cooker.
Recipe updated October 2017 with an improved cooking method after further testing and tweaking (I can't help this, even with my own recipes!).
Beat the butter and sugar until light and fluffy then beat in the eggs. Mix in everything apart from the flour, mixing very well. Lightly fold in the flour then scrape into a well buttered 1.4 to 1.7-litre pudding basin.
Take a piece of baking parchment and a slightly larger piece of foil. Put a pleat about an inch deep across the middle of both then lightly grease the parchment side. Place over the pudding and secure with an elastic band or string, scrunching up the excess paper and foil around the rim of the basin.
Lower onto the trivet inside the Instant Pot and pour boiling water to just below the level of the foil. My kettle has a capacity of 1.7-litres and I find I need most of it to come up to an inch below the rim of the pudding basin.
Put the lid on, leave the Valve OPEN and set to Steam. As soon as you hear the steam coming out of the vent, set a timer for 15 minutes. Note that as the pot is not steaming under pressure when the vent is open, it will not start its own timer countdown.
When the 15 minutes is up, close the Valve (use oven gloves) and set to Manual High for 45 minutes. When done, allow an NPR then retrieve the cooked pudding carefully with oven gloved hands. Remove the paper and foil and allow to cool. When cold, dry the top of the pudding off with kitchen roll then replace its covering with fresh paper and foil and leave in a cool dark place until required. This could be done a year in advance but tradition dictates at least 5 weeks before Christmas to give a full, matured flavour.
When ready to cook, place the pudding on the trivet and pour boiling water in as before i.e. up to about one inch below the rim of your basin, setting the Instant Pot to 20 minutes on Steam (close the Valve this time). If you like your pudding extra rich and dark, you can give it 40 minutes on Steam and leave it for an hour or two on Keep Warm until you are ready for it. You can leave the pressure to release naturally and serve when you are ready on Christmas Day or if you like, do a QPR and serve right away.
*= make the dried fruit up with whichever you prefer - currants, sultanas, raisins, cranberries, dried cherries are all good.
**= if you don't like the crunch of nuts, then replace with dried fruits instead.
***= I do love Frangelico and always have a bottle in but please do feel free to use Brandy, Rum, Whiskey or even Amaretto would be lovely. Use whatever you like or have in!
Replace the breadcrumbs with ground almonds and use gluten-free flour in place of the self-raising. If your GF flour is plain, add 1 scant tsp GF baking powder and 1/4 tsp bicarbonate of soda but if you have gluten-free self-raising flour in, by all means, use that.
I have heard so much about the Instant Pot! Maybe I need to add it to my Christmas list! This recipe looks easy and fantastic!
Thanks you for this recipe! I have been thinking about making for the holidays and yours seems quite "doable"!
Oh it's easy peasy Dan – mix and go!
Oooh this does look beautifully soft and fudgy. You've got me excited for Christmas now!
It really is those things Becca! Roll on the festive season – I'm a-ready!
I am right there with you on Christmas spirit and wanting everything to be wrapped up in twinkling lights : )) Have never tried an instant pot before but need to get my hands on one to make this pudding!
Bring on the twinkly lights! And a sleigh full of Instant Pots for everyone lol!
HI Teal – I have just tried that this weekend. I used Juvela white mix in place of the flour and ground almonds in place of the breadcrumbs. As it was a more liquid and more dense mix with these substitutions, it is better with a longer cooking time – 60 minutes on Manual after the initial steam seemed to be about right. If you have gluten free breadcumbs I would use them instead of the almonds to lighten the mix but I don't have GF bread in – this is to be eaten on our Christmas Day where only one family member is Coeliac. Hope that helps!
Waving hi over here in America. What is stem ginger and treacle? Treacle is maybe molasses? Is the dark sugar maybe a brown sugar?
Treacle is technically a descriptive term to mean anything syrupy but in the UK, it is taken to mean a thick black and bitter syrup very similar to molasses. In fact, you could substitute it like for like here, no problem.
Again, in the UK, we have light and dark brown sugars. In the US I believe you only have "brown" sugar, without variation in strength of colour/depth of flavour. All these are, are white sugar with molasses added – the dark version has quite a lot more than American brown sugar in and is used here in Christmas cakes and puddings to give a darker appearance and a fuller flavour to the finished bake. You could use brown sugar and simply add another tbsp of molasses to get a similar effect here, again without altering the recipe.
Wow I'm really surprised you can make this so long before the actual serve 😮 Does it improve/change in taste the longer you keep it in a dark place?
What were the main switches you did to adapt a traditional recipe for the instapot?
I have a traditional steam-over-the-pot recipe that asks for 2cups of fruit, 4cups of flour, 1cup of sugar, etc…. How would you adapt that? Is there anything that needs to be lowered or increased to be suitable for the instapot?
Hi Eva, thank you for your question. Essentially for the Instant Pot, you start the cooking off by steaming under pressure then finish cooking on Manual. You do need to cook it again as stated on the day you serve it whichever way you do it. Just looking at the list of ingredients you have mentioned, it sounds like one monster Christmas pud you're planning there!
I've not had my IP for very long and am getting used to all the wonderful food it can make.
I'd like to make your Christmas pudding recipe this year, but as they'll only be 3 of us at Christmas lunch, I want to make 2 smaller puddings. Can you suggest what size basins and what timings I should use for cooking and reheating please?
Hi again. Thanks for your reply. My pudding basins are about 140ml each. I can fit 4 in my 8l pot. Do I need to cover the pots with parchment and foil or can I just use the plastic lids that came with the basins? Also do i still fill the Ip with boiling water up to just below the rim of the basins?
Hi Ruthie. You can use the lids but what I would say is to be careful to not overfill them – no more than 3/4 full is about right or the lids my pop off as the pudding cooks! I use foil and greaseproof as I am old school (plus I always lose those lids!). What I do is put 4 on the bottom layer of my pot on top of the trivet then pour boiling water up to just below the rims of the basins. If need be, you can stack more on top – you will probably have enough mixture for 6 little puddings with that size basin.
I took this and it applied it to another, similar, recipe. Worked beautifully! Wow! Thank you!
Hi again Jodie Having used your recipe to make 6 small puds, I'm planning to make some more but this time in 2 medium size ceramic basins. I checked the size and they each hold about 640ml each. How long do you think I should cook each pudding for? Still 15 minutes steam and 45 mins manual high pressure like the large pud?
Hi Jo. Love your cooking and all the help. Can I ask a very silly question please ? When you steam Christmas puds and say leave the valve OPEN do you mean it should be set to Venting ?
Hi Jo. Thanks again. 3 brilliant puddings waiting for Christmas ! And the IP is not going back in the under stairs cupboard. I'm going for it and trying out lots of your ideas – and a few of my own ! I just wish you lived next door !
I live in the southeastern US. I just found you as I was doing research on making Figgy Pudding in the Instant Pot. I compared a few recipes & yours sounded the best (& most fun).
I've now done my practice run on the gluten free version. I've learned a few things. Treacle is basically molasses. Your muscovado sugar, I couldn't find here, but at our natural grocer we have a few varieties of brown (light to medium, to dark, to very dark) sugar. I used a dark brown, raw sugar (minimally processed).
The BIG thing I learned— DUH, since I live at 5280 feet above sea level— high altitude adjustments for pressure cooking!! LOL.
It turned out pretty good, but could be a bit more done in the center. Hubby lived it though—especially with the butter rum sauce I made to top it.
I didn't let it "age," as I'm hyper-sensitive to molds—& a bit spooked by the whole "let it set for weeks, months or years (maybe it's a silly American thing). So we enjoyed it that evening.
So for my real "performance," (3 days before Christmas) I'll be making high altitude adjustments in added Cook time, and a bit more gf flour.
Thank you so much for all your contributions. You're my new go-to gal for Instant Pot recipes!
Hello Paula, thank you so much for your lovely comment, it has made my day! I can't tell you how thrilled I am to hear from American readers who have been tempted enough by my recipe to make their own Christmas puddings for the first time this year. Yes, we are an odd bunch, keeping them so long but health must come first and it is better safe than sorry. Presoaking your fruit in your favourite booze and perhaps upping the spices a little will compensate for not leaving the pud to mature for weeks/months/years.
Gosh, I hadn't realised how high up Albuquerque was! Where I live in South Yorkshire, it is very, very hilly but certainly not remotely high enough (as with 99% of the rest of the UK!) to warrant adaptations to cooking times, you've taught me something today. I must look up the conversions for high altitude cooking so I can help readers in future.
Regarding my Take-Two pudding adventure.
With my high altitude adjustments, and adding a bit more flour (gluten-free, in this case), my second "real performance" Figgy Pudding came out perfect. It got rave reviews. Actually, the 1st one also got rave reviews too. But the second one was even better.
Thanks so much for the recipe you put out there for us. As soon as I get some time, I'll post about my Figgy Pudding adventure, along with my adjustments… and I'll be supplying a link to your original. Thanks for being awesome.
Can't seem to edit finger-flubs after posting. Paula here, again. That should have been— I live in the southWESTERN US (NOT southeastern). Sorry. Dang fat fingers & silly autocorrect.
Is there any way this would work without any alcohol? We love Christmas pudding but have only ever had a Tesco alcohol free version which is quite a sad microwaveable one!
Hi there! I am gearing up for CHRIIIIISTMAAAAAAAAAAS (sorry, the spirit of Noddy Holder always overtakes me at this time of year) and I want to try making a Christmas Pud for the first time ever. This pressure cooker method seems like it is perfect for a pudding newbie, thanks for the super detailed instructions!
I would just like to know if I can ditch the ginger, I really don't like that flavour in a pudding (even though I love it in other things). Could I just increase the fruit content instead? Or will it ruin the texture? Thank you very much!
Lol I love a bit of Noddy Holder Christmas slogan shouting Em! Absolutely, leave out the ginger, use whichever fruit you like in its place.
This is probably a silly question – but is the measured amount of alcohol in addition to that which you soaked the fruit in? I.e. do you add extra alcohol to the butter/flour etc when you mix it?
Well, I have tested it both ways – using only the measured amount and also using fruit I have presoaked until plump *plus* the amount stated in the recipe. Both work very nicely. If you want it extra boozy and moist, there is no harm soaking the fruit in the alcohol then adding a splash more before mixing it all together. Hope that helps.
2nd year using this recipe, just waiting for the first pud to finish. Another 4 to go after this. Long night ahead! Thanks so much for the recipe, first time I tried my own pudding last year and everyone LOVED it. We've only had shop bought ones before, but shall never buy a pudding again thanks to you and this recipe!
It's THAT time of year again! I have a question about the grated carrot: the recipe includes c150gm or grated carrot but the description above says "A little of grated carrot is a very traditional addition but I have used the less common hazelnut liqueur Frangelico as I always have a bottle in the cupboard.." That seems to indicate that you don't use carrot.
Hi Jim, oh dear my grammar let me down there – I'm really sorry! It should have had a full stop after the grated carrot comment. I *do* use carrot and the comment about the liqueur should have been the next sentence. I have corrected it now. Apologies!
I used your recipe for Christmas pudding two years ago and they were all really good however I notice the recipe has since changed, it now says to steam with vent open first and then under high pressure for the rest of the time whereas the original recipe said to first steam with vent closed and cook under low pressure for the rest of the cooking time. I'm now not sure what to do as they turned out fine originally and wonder why the recipe has changed.
Hi Margaret, thank you for stopping by and for your five star review!
I live in Australia and I just came across this recipe as I was trying to find out how to cook my Christmas puddings using my Phillips electric pressure cooker which I think is similar to the Instant Pot. I've been using the same recipe for years and don't want to disappoint my pudding admirers by trying another recipe so I'm hoping you can help me with the cooking times. The recipe includes 875g dried fruit, 125g breadcrumbs, 125g plain flour with bicarb soda, 250g sugar, 4 eggs and 250g suet etc. I am thinking of splitting the mix either into 6 – 7 portions (500ml each) or 1 half portion (1 litre) and 3 – 4 smaller (500ml) ones. Can you please tell me how long I should cook these different portions?
I made this on Stir-Up Sunday and served it last night. I'm American, but was very curious to try a steamed pudding in my Instant Pot. I really had no idea what to expect, but it was delicious! I used a mixture of dried cherries, cranberries, golden raisins and dried apricots for the fruit & nuts (no dates); Amaretto in place of Frangelico; and a grated quince instead of a grated carrot. We served it with brandy butter and everyone really enjoyed it! Thanks for the recipe and great instructions for the Instant Pot.


Software reuse has become a widely accepted way to reduce costs, shorten cycle times and improve quality. Unfortunately, very few OO programs have a method to actually quantify and realistically estimate the results that they have achieved. To do this, the program must have objective, easy-to-acquire, and easy-to-understand metrics. This article outlines a simple and effective set of metrics that apply to projects using OO tools and techniques.
Object-orientation brings many opportunities for clarifying design, modeling real-world problems, and reducing the costs of maintenance. The concepts and language features of OO also make it easier to reuse objects in more than one application. This ability to design and implement software for use in many places has attracted the attention of nearly everyone involved in large-scale software development. Not surprisingly, OO practitioners cite reuse as one of the principle advantages of object-orientation.
Most people involved in software development intuitively agree that reuse has many benefits. These include lower development costs, faster cycle times, and better software quality. Consequently, we see that software developers derive a good part of their motivation to reuse from an expectation of financial reward. This motivation often kindles excitement and the first attempts at a formal reuse program.
For reuse to occur, however, someone has to organize, plan for, and develop the assets, software, and people for others to reuse. This requires an investment, and quite frankly more than just a little foresight. Business decisions drive reuse! Can we justify the investment with business case? Even though most people might intuitively believe that reuse will eventually yield financial advantages, few have enough conviction to risk their current budget for the benefit of others.
Because OO facilitates reuse, reuse metrics can help build a decisive business case for OO investments. Using simple models and basic assumptions, reuse metrics make an exceptional technology insertion tool. We have developed a pragmatic approach to OO reuse metrics and use the metrics in many organizations as part of very successful reuse programs.
This article discusses some of the practical issues surrounding measuring OO reuse. It then presents a practical set of reuse metrics for estimating the financial benefit of reuse on a project. The results clearly show the substantial rewards of reuse and can help build a reuse business case for any organization.
Many discussions have appeared on methods for selecting or recommending object-oriented reuse metrics [for example, Vaishnavi96]. However, before we can select metrics, we have to have a consistent and reliable means for classifying and collecting data to go into the metrics. Unfortunately, this process involves many pernicious, subtle, and very important issues [Poulin97a].
These issues persist throughout most published reuse metric models. These models use a simple cost-benefit (C-B) method, which in all instances consist of the same basic idea: take the sum of the costs and the sum of the benefits and make a reuse investment decision depending on whether the good exceeds the evil. However, none of these methods give any guidance or advice on how to estimate, much less quantitatively derive, the costs and benefits of reuse. Even more importantly, none of the methods define the data that we need to collect; in other words, what counts and does not count as reuse. With critical input left to chance or intuition, we cannot fail to wonder how these methods could provide reliable or useful information.
During OO development, finding good objects and abstractions depends on a combination of disciplined methods and insight from the designer. We recognize good designs because they exhibit attributes such as flexibility, modularity, and a certain reflection of the real world in a model that elegantly maps to the object-oriented paradigm. Good designs do not guarantee reuse in OO development any more than they do in procedural development. Imaginative, perceptive developers will use subclassing, inheritance, and polymorphism to abstract the common elements of the systems they build and to minimize the number of classes and methods that they must write and maintain.
The rationale for defining reuse does not depend on language features but rather on whether someone saved effort by using software that they obtained from "someplace else." Typically, "someplace else" refers to another software development team or another software program. We call this criterion the boundary problem. When a development team uses classes and methods that originated in another organization or in another program, those classes and methods "cross" a notional boundary. When this happens, the development team reuses the software. If the classes and methods originated from within the development team, they do not cross a boundary. In other words, if the team inherits from classes that they developed for their current project, then they did not reuse those classes but rather simply used the language features at their disposal.
OO reuse inherently involves the use of classes and methods from shared libraries or other sources outside of the organization that benefits from the use of that software. We routinely establish a "reuse development team" early in a project and assign that team the responsibility for designing and implementing common software. The other application development teams will use this common software later in the project. The reuse development team supports the common software for errors, enhancements, and configuration control; this saves duplication of effort across the application teams. When the application teams use the common software, the software crosses the notional "boundary" and counts as reuse. This becomes especially important for our metrics program. When in doubt about what to count, we always return to the fundamental goal of saving effort, and ask: "Would the organization have had to develop the software if they had not obtained it from someplace else?"
While we encourage saving effort any way we can, the software engineering and reuse communities have long promulgated disciplined procedures for controlling, configuring, and managing change of software components throughout the software lifecycle. As many of us have experienced, uncontrolled change quickly leads to chaos. Even if we manage to get the product to float out the door, we secretly pray for (1) a chance to go back and fix our patches in case they suddenly spring a leak, or (2) a short product life so we can beach the boat before it sinks on its own.
Designing and building a "leak-proof" software system requires anticipating and planning for change. Reuse involves the use of unmodified software from "someplace else." When we change the code, we call it reengineering because we have adapted the software for a role outside of its original purpose. In large scale software development, the short term benefits of reuse versus reengineering depend, in large part, on the extent of the modifications. Basili et al. found that even on small class projects, modifying a little code gives almost the same benefit as unmodified reuse, whereas modifying more than 25% of the code results in the same kinds of errors and quality as new development [Basili96]. In fact, most evidence shows that reengineering can actually cost more than new development. This penalty can occur if we modify as little as 20% of the code and almost certainly if we modify more than half [e.g., Stutzke96]. However, the long term benefits of reuse versus reengineering really stand out during maintenance. With a typical software post-deployment life lasting 4 times the time it took to write the software in the first place, the benefits of having to make changes in one place as compared to trying to track down numerous variants of the same problem become painfully clear. Reuse, therefore, means planning for change by designing classes that adapt their behavior without having to adapt their implementation.
Fortunately, we have many good programming and software engineering tools at our disposal to help control the mess we might otherwise make (or sometimes make anyway). OO provides several graceful ways to manage variation; subclassing, inheritance, and polymorphism. These techniques have direct analogies for managing variation in the procedural paradigm (e.g., generics, parameterized functions, variable macros, etc.). Nonetheless, most of us have seen how the undisciplined use of language features can create a cascade of problems in any language.
Most of these problems occur through the careless management of change. Alistair Cockburn gives a very thorough discussion of the effects that OO language features can have on a design in terms of the "messiness" of change [Cockburn93]. Modifying source code (reengineering), whether in the method body or interface, makes for "messy" change because the modification propagates to all parts of the system that use that method. Obviously, reengineered code does not count as reuse. To avoid reengineering, OO designers should isolate changes both in the abstract model they build to represent the real world and in the language features they use to implement the model. Simple subclassing provides one such means for clean, effective, and safe reuse.
Measuring Reuse of Designs, Patterns, etc.
Nearly all software metrics, including those for OO, use Lines of Code (LOC) for units. LOC have many well-known disadvantages but persist for just as many reasons. One of the most convincing of these reasons comes from the wealth of evidence that LOC serves as an excellent overall indicator of effort across all software life-cycle phases. Nonetheless, all our reuse metrics remain independent of units, and do not depend on conceptual decisions related to LOC. This means that if an organization uses other units (for example, function points or objects) all the rationale that we have discussed and the equations we will introduce below continue to apply.
One of the disadvantages of LOC lies in that we can only use LOC once we have started implementation. For OO projects, objects make an appealing unit because we identify candidate objects much earlier in the life-cycle. However, using objects for units deserves a word of caution because of the potential variation in the size of objects. Should we allow for the fact that the use or reuse of a small object counts the same as the use or reuse of a large object? Beware that I have seen reuse levels vary by as much as a factor of 8 depending on whether we counted reuse by line of code or by object.
If putting a value on a design proves difficult, measuring more conceptual products such as frameworks, architectures, and design patterns (abstract descriptions of designs) proves even more so. Helm reminds us that a large system may only contain 5-10 patterns [Helm95]. Despite their utility and the insights they provide, quantifying the benefits of such products such as patterns still only addresses a small portion of system development. Until we develop dependable and repeatable methods of measuring work products in all life-cycle phases, we recommend LOC as an overall indicator of development effort and reuse.
Because business decisions drive reuse, we need a metric to show the financial benefit of reuse. The vast majority of reuse economic models incorporate some form of cost-benefit (C-B) analysis. For an OO example, see [Hendersen-Sellers93]; many others, along with a practical guide on how and when to use them, appear in [Poulin97a]. The C-B approach has an intuitive appeal because it uses the commonsense axiom that "If it costs less than the benefits, we should do it." However, none of the C-B models in existence today explain the numerous C-B factors that influence software development, reuse, and OO design. Even if we had such a list, we would find gathering and quantifying every individual C-B factor a nearly impossible task.
To solve the problem caused by the inherent incompleteness of C-B methods, we use two abstractions called the Relative Cost of Reuse (RCR) and the Relative Cost of Writing for Reuse (RCWR).
RCR represents the ratio of the portion of the effort that it takes to reuse software (without modification) to the cost normally incurred to develop it for one-time use. For example, if we can reuse software for only 20% of the cost of new development, we say that RCR = 0.2.
RCWR represents the ratio of the portion of the effort that it takes to develop reusable software to the cost of writing it for one-time use. For example, if it costs an additional 50% effort to complete a domain analysis, create a more generic design, provide additional documentation, etc., we say that the RCWR = 1.5.
Every organization will have its own values for RCR and RCWR. Even within organizations the values for RCR and RCWR will fluctuate according to environmental factors such as the experience of the reuser, organizational processes, the complexity of the software, etc. However, substantial quantitative evidence shows that we can assign reasonable default values of RCR = 0.2 and RCWR = 1.5 [Poulin 97a]. For OO development, Pant et al. validate at least one of these default values by finding an RCWR=1.55 [Pant96].
We use RCR and RCWR in our reuse economic model to calculate the total Reuse Cost Avoidance (RCA) of reuse and the Additional Development Costs (ADC) incurred by writing reusable software. In essence, the total financial benefit of reuse to a project, Project ROI, consists of the sum of the benefits experienced by each of the n organizations participating in the project minus the costs of building the software for each organization to reuse.
We now put this all together in an example.
Example: Your consulting firm just delivered an application to one of your major clients. In all, three development teams worked to develop the three primary subsystems needed for the application. These teams reused class libraries and methods of 10k LOC, 15k LOC, and 5k LOC, respectively, for a total of 30k RSI. Most of this RSI came from a domain-specific repository of library classes in which your firm has invested. However, during the project your three teams identified and developed 1500 LOC of class libraries that all three teams needed for their subsystems; you expect to add these new classes to your repository.
Because you do not have actual RCR and RCWR data for your teams, you decide to use the default values of RCR = 0.2 and RCWR = 1.5. You call your firm's cost engineers and find out that on projects of this type your developers have a historical error rate of 1.5 errors per thousand LOC and it costs $10,000 to fix these errors after product release. Your cost engineer also advises you to use the industry standard new code development cost of $100/LOC for your calculations.
The total benefit of $2.85 million comes from saving 80% of the estimated new development cost and from not having to fix errors in the code you would have written. We now calculate the investment made in producing the 1500 LOC of common classes, and then subtract this investment cost from the RCA to find the Project ROI.
This example shows how to use the abstractions for the relative costs of reuse in simple and effective reuse economic model. The metric estimates the total financial benefit of reuse to your project as almost $3 million [Poulin97b].
Business decisions drive reuse, just as they drive all other investment decisions. Objective, realistic, and credible metrics provide the backbone for making these business decisions. Having a clear definition of what to count lies at the foundation of all reuse metrics. As a guide, look for where an organization really saved effort by using classes and methods that it obtained from "someplace else."
Having a clear definition of what to count lies at the foundation of all reuse metrics.
Jeff Poulin (Jeffrey.Poulin@lmco.com) serves as a Senior Programmer and systems architect with Lockheed Martin Federal Systems in Owego, NY. Dr. Poulin has over 40 publications, including a book on reuse metrics and economics recently published by Addison-Wesley.
[Basili96] Basili, Victor R., Lionel C. Briand, and Walcelio L. Melo, "How Reuse Influences Productivity in Object-Oriented Systems," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 39, No. 10, October 1996, pp. 104-116.
[Cockburn93] Cockburn, Alistair, "The Impact of Object-Orientation on Application Development," IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 32, No. 3, 1993, pp. 420-444.
[Helm95] "Patterns in Practice," presentation at OOPSLA, Austin, TX, 19 October 1995.
[Henderson-Sellers93] Henderson-Sellers, Brian, "The Economics of Reusing Library Classes," Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, Vol. 6, No. 4, July-August 1993, pp. 43-50.
[Matsumoto95] Matsumoto, Masao, "Research to Shed Light on Software Shadows," IEEE Software, Vol. 12, No. 5, September 1995, p. 16.
[Pant96] Pant, Y., B. Henderson Sellers, and J.M. Verner, "Generalization of Object-Oriented Components for Reuse: Measurements of Effort and Size Change," Journal of Object Oriented Programming, Vol. 9, No. 2, May 1996, pp. 19-31, 41.
[Poulin97a] Poulin, Jeffrey S. Measuring Software Reuse: Principles, Practices, and Economic Models. ISBN 0-201-63413-9, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997.
[Poulin97b] Poulin, Jeffrey S., "The Economics of Software Product Lines," International Journal of Applied Software Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, March 1997, pp. 20-34.
[Vaishnavi96] Vaishnavi, Vijay K. and Rajendra K. Bandi, "Measuring Reuse," Object Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 2, April 1996, pp. 53-57.


text:
latin singer
Rebbeca Marie Gomez (born March 2, 1997), known professionally by her stage name Becky G, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Gomez first gained recognition in 2011 when she began posting videos of herself covering popular songs online. One of her videos caught the attention of producer Dr. Luke, who subsequently offered her a joint record deal with Kemosabe Records and RCA Records. While working on her debut effort, Gomez collaborated with artists will.i.am, Cody Simpson and Cher Lloyd. Her official debut single, "Becky from the Block" (2013), received a positive reception upon its release. She released her debut extended play, Play It Again (2013), later that same year. Her second single, "Can't Get Enough" (2014), featured guest vocals from Pitbull and went on to top the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart in the United States.
Becky G was born on 2 March 1997 in Inglewood, California, United States. Her full name at birth was Rebbeca Marie Gomez. She is best known as a singer. Her religion is listed as Christian. She is 5' ½" (154 cm) tall and weighs 106 lbs (48 kg) with an average build. She has dark brown eyes and dark brown hair (color). Her net worth is reported to be $3,000,000 US dollars. Her zodiac star sign is Pisces.
Rebbeca Marie Gomez
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lapack

Functions/Subroutines

ssptrf.f File Reference

Functions/Subroutines

subroutine 	ssptrf (UPLO, N, AP, IPIV, INFO)

 	SSPTRF

Function/Subroutine Documentation

          subroutine ssptrf
          (
          character
          UPLO,

          integer
          N,

          real, dimension( * )
          AP,

          integer, dimension( * )
          IPIV,

          integer
          INFO

          )

SSPTRF

 Download SSPTRF + dependencies

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 [TXT]

Purpose:

 SSPTRF computes the factorization of a real symmetric matrix A stored
 in packed format using the Bunch-Kaufman diagonal pivoting method:

    A = U*D*U**T  or  A = L*D*L**T

 where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower)
 triangular matrices, and D is symmetric and block diagonal with
 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks.

Parameters

[in]	UPLO
          UPLO is CHARACTER*1
          = 'U':  Upper triangle of A is stored;
          = 'L':  Lower triangle of A is stored.

[in]	N
          N is INTEGER
          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.

[in,out]	AP
          AP is REAL array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2)
          On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the symmetric matrix
          A, packed columnwise in a linear array.  The j-th column of A
          is stored in the array AP as follows:
          if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j;
          if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n.

          On exit, the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers used
          to obtain the factor U or L, stored as a packed triangular
          matrix overwriting A (see below for further details).

[out]	IPIV
          IPIV is INTEGER array, dimension (N)
          Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D.
          If IPIV(k) > 0, then rows and columns k and IPIV(k) were
          interchanged and D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 diagonal block.
          If UPLO = 'U' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, then rows and
          columns k-1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k-1:k,k-1:k)
          is a 2-by-2 diagonal block.  If UPLO = 'L' and IPIV(k) =
          IPIV(k+1) < 0, then rows and columns k+1 and -IPIV(k) were
          interchanged and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block.

[out]	INFO
          INFO is INTEGER
          = 0: successful exit
          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
          > 0: if INFO = i, D(i,i) is exactly zero.  The factorization
               has been completed, but the block diagonal matrix D is
               exactly singular, and division by zero will occur if it
               is used to solve a system of equations.

Author

Univ. of Tennessee

Univ. of California Berkeley

Univ. of Colorado Denver

NAG Ltd.

Date

November 2011

Further Details:

  5-96 - Based on modifications by J. Lewis, Boeing Computer Services
         Company

  If UPLO = 'U', then A = U*D*U**T, where
     U = P(n)*U(n)* ... *P(k)U(k)* ...,
  i.e., U is a product of terms P(k)*U(k), where k decreases from n to
  1 in steps of 1 or 2, and D is a block diagonal matrix with 1-by-1
  and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks D(k).  P(k) is a permutation matrix as
  defined by IPIV(k), and U(k) is a unit upper triangular matrix, such
  that if the diagonal block D(k) is of order s (s = 1 or 2), then

             (   I    v    0   )   k-s
     U(k) =  (   0    I    0   )   s
             (   0    0    I   )   n-k
                k-s   s   n-k

  If s = 1, D(k) overwrites A(k,k), and v overwrites A(1:k-1,k).
  If s = 2, the upper triangle of D(k) overwrites A(k-1,k-1), A(k-1,k),
  and A(k,k), and v overwrites A(1:k-2,k-1:k).

  If UPLO = 'L', then A = L*D*L**T, where
     L = P(1)*L(1)* ... *P(k)*L(k)* ...,
  i.e., L is a product of terms P(k)*L(k), where k increases from 1 to
  n in steps of 1 or 2, and D is a block diagonal matrix with 1-by-1
  and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks D(k).  P(k) is a permutation matrix as
  defined by IPIV(k), and L(k) is a unit lower triangular matrix, such
  that if the diagonal block D(k) is of order s (s = 1 or 2), then

             (   I    0     0   )  k-1
     L(k) =  (   0    I     0   )  s
             (   0    v     I   )  n-k-s+1
                k-1   s  n-k-s+1

  If s = 1, D(k) overwrites A(k,k), and v overwrites A(k+1:n,k).
  If s = 2, the lower triangle of D(k) overwrites A(k,k), A(k+1,k),
  and A(k+1,k+1), and v overwrites A(k+2:n,k:k+1).

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text:
Michael Seibel (Brooklyn, Nova York, EEUU; el 7 d'octubre de 1982) és director general de Y Combinator i cofundador de dues startups: Justin.tv/Twitch i Socialcam. Es va unir a Y Combinator per primera vegada el 2013, assessorant centenars de startups, i ha estat actiu en la promoció dels esforços de diversitat entre els fundadors de startups.

Biografia
Seibel va néixer a Brooklyn i considera que Nova York és la seva ciutat preferida. Es va traslladar a East Brunswick, Nova Jersey quan era preadolescent i es va graduar el 2000 a l'institut d'East Brunswick. A Yale, es va especialitzar en ciències polítiques i es va fer amic de Justin Kan. Es va graduar el 2005 i després de la seva graduació, va treballar com a director de finances a la infructuosa candidatura de Kweisi Mfume al Senat dels Estats Units el 2006. A continuació es va traslladar a Silicon Valley per cofundar Justin.tv, i es va convertir en director general de l'empresa (de 2007 a 2011). A continuació, es va convertir en conseller delegat de Socialcam, una aplicació social per compartir vídeos que es va llançar el març del 2011 i es va vendre a Autodesk per 60 milions de dòlars el 2012 (després d'existir només 18 mesos). Es va convertir en soci a temps parcial de Y Combinator el gener de 2013, i es va unir a Y Combinator com el seu primer soci afroamericà l'octubre de 2014. El 2014 Justin.tv va passar a dir-se Twitch Interactive i aquest mateix any es va vendre a Amazon per 970 milions de dòlars.

Algunes de les seves inversions inclouen Cruise (que es va vendre a GM per 1.000 milions de dòlars), Luxe, Walker and Company, Locol, Bluesmart, Scentbird, Lugg, Jopwell, Triplebyte i Bellabeat.

El 2016, va esmentar la necessitat de més startups al servei dels pares amb fills petits. Va esmentar Clever i Panorama Education, ambdues graduades de Y Combinator, com a exemples prometedors. El 2016 es va convertir en director general de la unitat de Y Combinator Core, on ajudarà a executar el pla de Y Combinator per reduir les beques i posar en marxa un MOOC que serveixi com una versió lleugera i oberta de YC.

Abans d'unir-se a YC, Michael Seibel va ser un mentor clau per als cofundadors d'Airbnb i els va recomanar a Y Combinator.

El 10 de juny del 2020 es va anunciar el nomenament de Seibel com a membre del consell d'administració de Reddit, en substitució d'Alexis Ohanian, que va dimitir el 5 de juny del 2020 en resposta a l'assassinat de George Floyd. En el seu anunci de dimissió, Alexis Ohanian havia instat el consell d'administració de Reddit a cobrir el seu lloc vacant al consell amb un candidat negre. Més tard, Reddit va nomenar Seibel com el "primer membre negre del consell d'administració a la història de l'empresa".

El 15 de desembre del 2020, es va anunciar que Seibel va ser nomenat membre de la junta directiva de Dropbox.

Vegeu també
 Emmett Shear

Referències

Persones de Brooklyn
Alumnes de la Universitat Yale

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lot for sale. Property sold "AS IS." Motivated seller. Make an offer today. Buyer responsible for City Cert. Agent related to seller.5 Blakiston St is also availble.
6 BLAKISTON STREET , Philadelphia PA 19136 is a Land, with 0 bedrooms which is for sale, it has 2,606 sqft, 2,606 sized lot, and 0 parking. A comparable Land, has 0 bedrooms and 0 baths, it was built in and is located at 5 BLAKISTON STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19136 and for sale by its owner at $ 55,000. This home is located in the city of PHILADELPHIA , in zip code 19136, this PHILADELPHIA County Land, it is in the NORTHEAST Subdivision, and HOLMESBURG are nearby neighborhoods.