Impaired Driving – Never Say Just One More | Schauermann Thayer Jacobs Staples & Edwards, P.S.
It goes without saying that no matter how wonderful the presents are that are wrapped under the Christmas tree this year, a full and healthy life is the greatest gift of all. Having one's loved ones with you to share the festive season and all the days of the coming New Year are gifts too. Priceless gifts, that are sometimes appreciated far too late.
We are saddened by the reports of multiple fatalities in two separate incidents in Scotland and France just before Christmas this year. In neither case – an out of control garbage truck in Scotland and a terrorist attack in France involving a car – were those who lost their lives to blame. They were innocent bystanders whose loss will irrevocably change the meaning of Christmas for all who loved them.
As we think of those grieving families on the other side of the world, we are also saddened by the knowledge that in our own states of Oregon and Washington, there will be car crash fatalities this festive season. Unfortunately there is every likelihood that some of those who will be involved in a car accident or lose their lives in a crash are at least partly responsible for their own fate. We know from sad experience that there will also be innocent victims of these crashes. Those who are hurt or who lose loved ones in a fatal car accident caused by an alcohol impaired driver.
It is not hard to imagine how a driver intending to have one single drink at the office's Christmas party is convinced to have 'just one more'. That one leads to another and before you know it, the driver has had that crucial drink – the one that impairs his judgement so badly that he is convinced that he is invincible and can drive home safely although he is well over the legal limit.
Promptly taking away the driver's licenses of people who drive while intoxicated.
Clearly these are steps that are intended to be taken by various government bodies but to rely only on legislation and government measures to prevent drunk driving is to abdicate personal responsibility. The effects of alcohol related car crashes are felt by everybody. From the child who will miss one or both of his parents this year, to the city residents who pay higher taxes to cover the cost of road maintenance and emergency services.
We can all take steps to make the roads safer this year. One of the first steps to take is to memorize the chart above and understand just how quickly alcohol has an effect on judgement and co-ordination. The CDC also publish a list of safety tips that can be taken by individuals to prevent themselves or their friends and loved ones from falling into the Christmas drunk driving trap.
If you're hosting a party where alcohol will be served, remind your guests to plan ahead and designate their sober driver; offer alcohol-free beverages; and make sure all guests leave with a sober driver.
We would like to offer one final tip. Never encourage a driver to have 'just one more'. Referring again to the chart above you can see that it takes only two beers to impair judgement. How would you feel if it was that one last drink that caused your friend not to be sharing Christmas morning with his family this year?


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Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Soviet World War II divisions, Lists of military units and formations of World War II,
Divisions of the Soviet Union
Lists of Russian and Soviet military units and formations
List of Soviet divisions 1917–45
Monument to the Red Army in Berlin
The Soviet Union's Red Army raised divisions during the Russian Civil War, and again during the interwar period from 1926. Few of the Civil War divisions were retained into this period, and even fewer survived the reorganisation of the Red Army during the 1937–1941 period. During the Second World War 400 'line' rifle divisions (infantry), 129 Soviet Guards rifle divisions, and over 50 cavalry divisions as well as many divisions of other combat support arms were raised in addition to the hundreds of divisions that existed in the Red Army before Operation Barbarossa. Almost all the pre-war mechanised and tank divisions were disbanded during the war. There were also Red Air Force aviation divisions, and the NKVD divisions which also took part in fighting. However in contrast to Wikipedia's reasonably complete descriptions of U.S., British, and German divisions, only a few Soviet divisions have articles here, mostly because the detailed histories have either not been translated from Russian or have not been fully released from the official archives.
The territorial principle of manning the Red Army was introduced in the mid-1920s. In each region able-bodied men were called up for a limited period of active duty in a territorial unit, which comprised about half the Army's strength, each year, for five years.[1] The first call-up period was for three months, with one month a year thereafter. A regular cadre provided a stable nucleus. By 1925 this system provided 46 of the 77 infantry divisions and one of the eleven cavalry divisions. The remainder consisted of regular officers and enlisted personnel serving two-year stints. The territorial system was finally abolished, with all remaining formations converted to the other 'cadre' divisions, in 1937 and 1938.[2]
The Red Army formed at least 42 divisions during the Second World War which had substantial ethnic majorities in their composition derived from location of initial formation rather than intentional "nationalisation" of the divisions, including four Azeri, five Armenian, and eight Georgian rifle divisions and a large number of cavalry divisions in the eastern Ukraine, Kuban region, and Central Asia, including five Uzbek cavalry divisions. See ru:Национальные воинские подразделения РККА.
Rifle and Guards Rifle Divisions Edit
See: List of infantry divisions of the Soviet Union 1917–1957
Airborne Divisions Edit
1st Guards Airborne Division (ex 4th Airborne Corps at Tejkovo Dec 1942). Fought at Vyazma, Demyansk, Staraya Russa, Kremenchug, near Krivoi Rog, Budapest, Brno, and in Manchuria. With 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
2nd Guards Airborne Division — established at Zvenigorod Dec 1942. Fought at Ponyri, Kursk, Korsun, and in the Carpathians. With 1st Guards Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front 5.45. Disbanded, after temporary loss of its divisional colours, soon after war ended.[3]
3rd Guards Airborne Division (ex 8th Airborne Corps at Shchelkovo Dec 1942). Fought at Demyansk, Ponyri, Kiev, Zhitomir, Debrecen, Budapest, and Vienna. With 27th Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
4th Guards Airborne Division (ex 1st Airborne Corps at Moscow Dec 1942). Fought at Kursk, Orel, Zhitomir, Korsun, Targul Frumos, Debrecen, Budapest, Bratislava and Prague. With 7th Guards Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
5th Guards Airborne Division — established at Kirshatsch Dec 1942. Fought at Demyansk, Voronezh, Korsun, on the Dniester River, and at Budapest. With 4th Guards Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
6th Guards Airborne Division (ex 6th Airborne Corps at Noginsk Dec 1942). Fought at Staraya Russa, Kursk, on the Dnieper River, and at Korsun, Targul Frumos, Debrecen, Budapest, Bratislava, and Prague. With Seventh Guards Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
7th Guards Airborne Division — established at Ramenskoye Dec 1942. Fought at Demyansk, Voronezh, Korsun, on the Dnieper River, and at Targul Frumos and Budapest. With 4th Guards Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45. The first formation of the 7th Guards Airborne Division was retitled as the 115th Guards Rifle Division.[4] The 115th Guards Division was disbanded in 1953 in Kiev.[5]
8th Guards Airborne Division — established in Moscow MD Dec 1942. Fought at Demyansk, Voronezh, Kirovograd, Targul Frumos, near Budapest, Vienna, and Prague. Became 107th Guards Rifle Division 12.44.
9th Guards Airborne Division (ex 1st Airborne Corps in Moscow MD Dec 1942). Fought at Demyansk, Staraya Russa, Kursk, Poltava, Kremenchug, Kirovograd, Sandomir, and in the Berlin Operation. with 5th Guards Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
10th Guards Airborne Division — established at Dimitrov Dec 1942. Fought at Demyansk, on the Dniester River, and in Hungary. With 57th Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
11th Guards Airborne Division — became 104th Guards Rifle Division Dec 1944.
13th Guards Airborne Division — became 103rd Guards Rifle Division Dec 1944.
14th Guards Airborne Division — became either 99th or 114th Guards Rifle Division Dec 1944.
15th Guards Airborne Division — became 100th Guards Rifle Division Jan 1944.
16th Guards Airborne Division — became 106th Guards Rifle Division December 1944. Now 106th Guards Tula Airborne Division of the Russian Airborne Troops.
At the end of the Second World War most of the remaining Guards Airborne Divisions were redesignated Guards Rifle Divisions.[6] At the end of June 1945 this has happened to the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 9th, which became respectively the 111, 112, 113, 115, and 116th Guards Rifle Divisions. In November, it happened to the 1st, 3rd, and 10th Airborne Divisions, which became the 124th, 125th, and 126th Guards Rifle Divisions.
7th Guards Cherkassy Airborne Division (Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR)
76th Guards Chernigov Airborne Division (Pskov, RSFSR)
98th Guards Svir Airborne Division (Bolgrad & Kishinev, Moldovan SSR)
103rd Guards Airborne Division (Vitebsk, Belorussian SSR)
104th Guards Airborne Division (Kirovabad, Azerbaijan SSR)
106th Guards Tula Airborne Division (Tula, RSFSR)
242nd District Training Centre of the Airborne Forces (Gaižiūnai/Jonava, Lithuanian SSR) created from the 44th Training Airborne Division, 1987.
NKVD Divisions Edit
Banner of the 175th Rifle Regiment, Internal Troops, NKVD
Not intended for front line combat, NKVD Internal Troops were used to guard borders, secure railways, and combat elements such as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army that posed threats to the rear areas and supply convoys of the Red Army. Notwithstanding the original intent of these units, many saw at least some front line combat, several were converted to regular divisions of the Red Army, and others were grouped into a field NKVD army that was later re-numbered as the 70th Army. There were different types of divisions: Rifle Division (abbreviated to RD in this list), Railroad Security Division (RSD), Special Installation Security Division (SISD), and Convoy Forces Security Division (CFSD).
This list is primarily drawn from David Glantz, Companion To Colossus Reborn: Key Documents And Statistics, University Press of Kansas, 2005.
1st Rifle Division NKVD (RD) — established 9.41 at Mga, with Northwestern Front and Leningrad Front. On 9.8.42 became 46th Rifle Division (third formation) of the Red Army.
1st Motor Rifle Division NKVD — established 23.6.38 at Moscow as Separate NKVD Motorized RD, with Western Front and 56th Army. Still exists in the Russian MVD Internal Troops.
2nd NKVD Railroad Security Division (RSD) — established 8.3.39 at Leningrad, with Leningrad and Special Baltic Military Districts. 11.2.42 became 23rd NKVD RSD.
2nd Motor Rifle Division NKVD — 7.41 at Moscow, in Leningrad and Baltic regions. 10.45 disbanded.
3rd NKVD RSD — 8.3.39 at Mogilev. Wiped out twice in 1941, with the Western and Bryansk Fronts. 11.2.42 became the 24th NKVD RSD.
3rd Rifle Division NKVD — 1.42 at Leningrad, 8.42 disbanded.
3rd NKVD RD — 9.42 at Tbilisi as the Tbilisi Division. With Trans-Caucasian Front. 6.44 renamed 3rd NKVD RD, with 2nd Far Eastern Front in Manchuria in 1945. Disbanded 1946.
4th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 in Kiev. 6.41 in the Odessa Military District and later with Southern Front. 11.2.42 became the 25th NKVD RSD.
4th NKVD RD — *9.41 in the Crimea. With 51st Army and the Separate Coastal Army. 10.41 became the 184th Rifle Division (second formation) of the Red Army.
4th NKVD Motor RD — *1.42 at Leningrad, 8.42 disbanded.
4th NKVD RD — *10.10.43 at Moscow. In Baltic regions, 12.8.51 disbanded.
5th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 at Kharkov. With Southwestern Front. 11.2.42 became the 26th NKVD RSD.
5th NKVD RD — *11.1.42 at Tikhvin. In Leningrad and Baltic regions. 15.9.51 disbanded.
6th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 at Khabarovsk. In the Far East. Became the 37th NKVD RSD 11.2.42.
6th NKVD Motor RD — *11.41 behind Southwestern Front. Became the 8th NKVD Motor RD 11.2.42.
6th NKVD RD — *1.42 at Kalinin. With Kalinin and 2nd Baltic Fronts and later in the Belorussian Military District. 10.45 disbanded.
7th NKVD RSD — 8.3.39 at Svobodnyi. 11.2.42 became the 28th NKVD RSD.
7th NKVD Motor RD — 4.42 at Orel and Tula. With the Western, Bryansk, Central, Belorussian, and 1st Belorussian Fronts. Later in the Belorussian Military District. 13.9.51 disbanded.
8th NKVD RSD — 8.3.39 in Chita. 11.2.42 became the 29th NKVD RSD.
8th Motor Rifle Division NKVD — Formed January 1942 at Voronezh from the 6th NKVD Motor RD. 7.42 became the 63rd RD of the Red Army, which then became the 52nd Guards RD 11.43.
8th NKVD Motor RD — 1.42 at Voronezh (? see above) and 5.42 renumbered as the 13th NKVD Motor RD.
9th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 in Vilnius. With Special Baltic and Western Special Military Districts. Wiped out 1941, 25.9.41 disbanded.
9th NKVD Motor RD — *1.42 in Rostov. 8.42 became the 31st RD of the Red Army.
9th NKVD RD — *22.8.42 in Ordzhonikidze as NKVD RD with same name. Fought with Trans-Caucasian front during latter part of 1942. 5.44 became the 9th NKVD RD in Krasnodar. 10.44 disbanded.
10th NKVD RSD — *14.11.39 at L'vov. With Southwestern Front. Wiped out at Kiev and 10.41 disbanded.
10th Rifle Division NKVD — 7.42 at Saratov and Stalingrad. With Stalingrad Front. 10.42 became the 181st RD (third formation) of the Red Army and assigned to the NKVD Army which later was renamed the 70th Army.
10th NKVD RD — *26.3.42 at Rostov as the 41st NKVD RSD. 9.42 renamed at Sukhumi as NKVD RD with same name. With 46th Army of the Transcaucasian Front. 4.44 became the 10th NKVD RD at Sarny. With Central, Belorussian, and 1st Belorussian Fronts, and then in the Belorussian Military District. June 1946, disbanded.
11th NKVD RD — *1.42 at Nalchik and Krasnodar. With Crimean and Trans-Caucasus Fronts. 12.42 disbanded.
11th NKVD SISD — *6.11.39 at Moscow. 31.1.42 merged with 12th NKVD SISD to become 15th NKVD SISD.
12th NKVD SISD — *25.8.41 at Moscow. 31.1.42 merged with 11th NKVD SISD to become 15th NKVD SISD.
12th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Saratov. 7.41 became the 268th RD of the Red Army.
12th NKVD RD — *1.42 at Moscow. 9.42 converted to 22nd NKVD Rifle Brigade.
13th NKVD CFSD — *11.39 at Kiev. With Southern and Southwestern Fronts until wiped out 9.41. Remnants became the 35th NKVD CFSD 2.42.
13th Motor Rifle Division NKVD — *5.42 near Moscow from elements of the 8th NKVD Motor RD. With Voronezh Front. 8.42 became the second formation of the 95th Rifle Division of the Red Army.
14th NKVD CFSD — *9.40 near Moscow. 2.42 became the 36th NKVD CFSD.
14th Railway Facilities Protection Division NKVD — 3.8.44 at Vilnius. 15.5.51 disbanded.
15th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Moscow. With Southern Front. 7.42 became the 257th RD of the Red Army.
15th NKVD SISD — *31.1.42 at Moscow. Formed by merger of 11th and 12th NKVD SISD. 15.5.51 disbanded.
16th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Moscow. 7.42 became the 262nd RD of the Red Army.
16th NKVD SISD — *31.1.42 at Moscow. 30.5.50 disbanded.
17th NKVD SISD — *31.1.42 at Gorki. 15.5.51 disbanded.
18th NKVD RSD — *24.6.41 at Tbilis. 11.2.42 became 30th NKVD RSD.
18th NKVD SISD — *22.6.41 at Sverdlovsk as the 25th NKVD SISD. 31.1.42 became the 18th NKVD SISD. 15.5.51 disbanded.
19th NKVD SISD — *1.42 at Vorishilovgrad. With Southern and Trans-Caucasus Fronts. 10.11.42 reformed as the 8th NKVD Brigade.
19th NKVD Special Installation and Railroad Security Division — *24.6.41 at Gorki. 26.3.42 became the 31st NKVD SIRSD.
19th NKVD RD — *8.42 near Grozni. With Trans-Caucasus Front, fought at Grozni.
20th NKVD SIRSD — *24.6.41 at Leningrad. 5.9.41 became the 20th NKVD RD.
20th NKVD RD — *5.9.41 at Tikhvin from the 20th NKVD SIRSD. With 8th and 23rd Armies. 8.42 became the 92nd RD of the Red Army.
20th NKVD SISD — *10.11.42 at Novosibirsk and Kuibyshev. 15.5.51 disbanded.
21st NKVD Motor RD — *6.41 at Leningrad. With 42nd Army. 1.9.41 became the 21st NKVD RD. 8.42 21st NKVD RD became the 109th RD of the Red Army.
21st NKVD SISD — 28.7.43 at Novosibirsk. 22.11.45 converted to 54th NKVD Brigade.
22nd Motor Rifle Division NKVD — 23.6.41 in Northwestern Front area. After 30 June 1941, had to operate as a part of 10th Rifle Corps, but it had no organic artillery, engineer, or logistical support.[7] 8.41 wiped out and disbanded 1.42.
22nd NKVD RSD — *29.2.44 at Kuibyshev. 25.5.46 disbanded.
23rd NKVD Motor RD — *6.41 in Kiev Special Military District. With Southwestern Front, 1.42 became the 8th NKVD Motor RD.
23rd NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Leningrad. Fought in Leningrad area. 15.5.51 disbanded.
24th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Moscow (was the 3rd NKVD RSD). 21.12.46 disbanded.
25th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Saratov (was the 4th NKVD RSD). With Southwestern and 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. 15.5.51 disbanded.
25th NKVD SISD — *22.6.41 at Sverdlovsk. Became the 18th NKVD SISD 31.12.42.
26th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Liski (was the 5th NKVD RSD). 21.12.46 disbanded.
26th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Moscow. 7.41 assigned to Red Army.
27th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Khabarovsk (was the 6th NKVD RSD). 15.5.51 disbanded.
28th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Svobodnyi (was the 7th NKVD RSD). 29.2.44 became the 32nd NKVD RS Brigade.
29th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Chita (was the 8th NKVD RSD). 21.12.46 disbanded.
30th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Tbilisi (was the 18th NKVD RSD). 16.12.46 disbanded.
31st NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Gorki (was the 19th NKVD RSD). 25.5.46 disbanded.
32nd NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Voroshilov. With Voronezh, Central, Belorussian, and 1st Ukrainian Fronts. 15.5.51 disbanded.
33rd NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Kuibyshev. 8.1.47 disbanded.
34th NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Sverdlovsk. 21.12.46 disbanded.
35th NKVD CFSD — *2.42 near Voronezh (was the 13th NKVD CFSD). With Stalingrad and Central Asian Military Districts. 7.51 disbanded.
36th NKVD CFSD — *2.42 near Krasnoiarsk (was the 14th NKVD CFSD). With Ukrainian Military District. 1.48 disbanded.
37th NKVD CFSD — *3.42 near Volodarsk. With Western and 1st Belorussian Fronts. 7.51 disbanded.
38th NKVD CFSD — *3.42 at Novosibirsk. 7.51 disbanded.
39th NKVD CFSD — *8.43 at Sverdlovsk. 7.51 disbanded.
41st NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Rostov. Successively renamed the Sukhumi Division and the 10th NKVD RD.
45th NKVD CFSD — *8.44 at Beltsy. With 2nd Ukrainian Front. 9.55 disbanded.
46th NKVD CFSD — *8.44 at Moscow. 9.55 disbanded.
47th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Leningrad.
48th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Riga.
49th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Odessa.
50th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Voronezh.
51st NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Kharkov.
52nd NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Voroshilovgrad.
53rd NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Rostov.
56th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Alma-Ata.
57th NKVD RD — *18.1.45 at Gaizhunai. With 3rd Belorussian Front. 10.45 disbanded.
58th NKVD RD — *1.45 at Slonim. With 1st Belorussian Front. 6.45 disbanded.
59th NKVD RD — *1.45 at L'vov. With 1st Ukrainian Front. 10.45 disbanded.
60th NKVD RD — *22.2.45 at Vinnitsa. With 2nd Ukrainian Front. 4.10.46 disbanded.
61st NKVD RD — *2.45 at Beltsy. With the Ukrainian fronts. 12.45 disbanded.
62nd NKVD RD — *12.44 at Belgrade. With 3rd Ukrainian Front. 9.51 disbanded.
63rd NKVD RD — *1.45 at Białystok. With 2nd Belorussian Front. 12.46 disbanded.
64th NKVD RD — *10.44 at Lublin as the NKVD Composite Division. 12.44 became the 64th NKVD RD at Lvov. With 1st Ukrainian Front. 6.48 disbanded.
65th NKVD RD — *23.1.45 at Stanisław. With 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in Hungary. 18.7.46 disbanded.
66th NKVD RD — *1.45 at Sibiu. With 3rd Ukrainian Front in Romania. 10.45 disbanded.
Grozny NKVD RD — *15.8.42 at Grozny. In combat with Trans-Caucasus Front until 12.42 and subsequently on security duties. 18.4.44 disbanded.
Makhachkala NKVD RD — *8.42 at Makhachkala. Fought with Red Army until 11.42. 1.43 disbanded.
Siberian NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 140th Rifle Division of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
Central Asian NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 161st Rifle Division of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
Far Eastern NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 102nd Rifle Division of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
Trans-Baikal NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 106th RD of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
Ural NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 175th RD of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
Cavalry Divisions Edit
See also: Cavalry division (Soviet Union)
At the time of the German invasion, there were nine regular cavalry divisions and four mountain cavalry divisions in the Red Army. The rapid destruction of Soviet mechanized forces in the summer and autumn of 1941 resulted in a rapid expansion of cavalry units to provide the Red Army a mobile, if not armored, force. This expansion produced some 87 new cavalry divisions by early 1942, many of which were later disbanded as the Red Army rebuilt its tank and mechanized formations. 17 of the cavalry divisions were granted Guards status and renumbered accordingly. At the start of the conflict, a cavalry division had some 9,000 men; by 1945, they were authorized 6,000 men and often organized into corps of three divisions that were reinforced by artillery, tank, and assault gun elements.[8]
1st Cavalry Division — with Trans-Caucasus Front 12.41 and 15th Cavalry Corps 7.44.
2nd Cavalry Division — used to create the third formation of the 2nd Rifle Division on 23.11.41.
3rd Cavalry Division — Formed in Odessa Military District prewar. 6.41 with 5th Cavalry Corps. Became the 5th Guards Cavalry Division 22.12.41. Originally 34,60,99,158 Cavalry Regiments and 44th Tank Regiment.[9]
4th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 9th Cavalry Corps. Reformed by reorganisation of 210th Motorised Division later in 1941.
5th Cavalry Division— (ex 2nd Cavalry Division 8.24). With 2nd Cavalry Corps, 9th Army in 6.41. Became 1st Guards Cavalry Division 26.11.41. Originally 11,96,131,160 Cavalry Regiments and 32nd Tank Regiment[9]
6th Cavalry Division — with 6th Cavalry Corps in 6.41. Disbanded 19.9.41. Originally 3,48,94,152 Cavalry Regiments and 35th Tank Regiment.[9]
7th Cavalry Division — with 3rd Cavalry Corps in 5.37.
8th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 1st Red Banner Army in Far East. Originally 49,115,121,163 Cavalry Regiments.[9] With 6th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
9th Cavalry Division — formed in Odessa Military District prewar, with 2nd Cavalry Corps, 9th Army 6.41. Originally 5,72,108,136 Cavalry Regiments and 30th Tank Regiment.[9] 11.41 became 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. Reformed, with 4th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
10th Cavalry Division — formed 23.4.36. 4.42 remnants merged into 12th and 13th Cavalry Divisions.
11th Cavalry Division — with 3rd Cavalry Corps 5.37. 1.43 became 8th Guards Cavalry Division.
12th Cavalry Division — 1.42 established at Krasnodar; with 17th Cavalry Corps 4.42. Became 9th Guards Cavalry Division on 27.8.42.
13th Cavalry Division — established at Krasnodar 1.42; with 17th Cavalry Corps 4.42. Became 10th Guards Cavalry Division 27.8.42.
14th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 5th Cavalry Corps. Became 6th Guards Cavalry Division 12.41.
15th Cavalry Division — 4.42 with 17th Cavalry Corps. 8.42 became 11th Guards Cavalry Division.
17th Mountain Cavalry Division — 6.41 with Transcaucasus Military District. 7.42 disbanded.
18th Cavalry Division - Operated under Dmitri Zhloba during the Red Army invasion of Georgia 2.21. With 4th Cavalry Corps, Central Asia Military District 6.41. 7.42 disbanded.
19th Cavalry Division - Uzbek national formation
20th Tajik Red Banner Order of Lenin Mountain Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 4th Cavalry Corps, Central Asia Military District. 8.43 became the 17th Guards Cavalry Division. Also had honour title 'mining'?
21st Fergana Mountain Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 4th Cavalry Corps, Central Asia Military District. Became 14th Guards Cavalry Division 14.2.43.
23rd Cavalry Division — with Transcaucasus Front 12.41 and 15th Cavalry Corps 7.44.
24th Cavalry Cavalry Division — June 1941 with Transcaucasus Military District.
25th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 1st Mechanized Corps.
26th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 6th Cavalry Corps.
27th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 4th Army.
29th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 3rd Army (Soviet Union). 3.42 disbanded.
30th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 1st Mechanized Corps, and with 4th Guards Cavalry Corps, 1 Guards Cavalry-Mechanized Group of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945. Becomes 11 Mechanized Division 07.1945.[10]
31st Cavalry Division — Formed in 1936 in the Far East. 75th Cavalry Regt was transferred from the 15 Cavalry Division ZabVO, 79 Cavalry Regiment - the mountain of 6 Cavalry Division Savo, 84 Cavalry Regiment - of 8 mountain cavalry division CAMD. 121 cavalry regiment formed in the Siberian Military District, 31 Mechanized Regiment - in Kharkiv. July 41 established at Voronezh; 12.41 with 50th Army. 5.1.42 Became 7th Guards Cavalry Division.
32nd Cavalry Division — Prewar division. Assigned to 9th Rifle Corps in the Crimea on 22 June 1941.
35th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 37th Army.
36th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 6th Cavalry Corps under Gen. Maj. Efim Sergeevich Zybin. Disbanded 19.9.41.
38th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Eighteenth Army.
40th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Independent Coastal Army.
41st Light Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 50th Army. Disbanded in March 1942 due to losses. Personnel used to fill out other units of the 1st Guards Cavalry corps.
43rd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Southwestern Front.
44th Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 9th Cavalry Corps. Noted as mountain cavalry division 12.41 while assigned to 16th Army. 4.42 merged into 17th Cavalry Division.
47th Cavalry Division — Formed Jul 41. Disbanded due to heavy losses in Nov 41, troops used as replacements for 32nd Cavalry Division.
50th Cavalry Division — 6.41 — 7.41 formed in North Caucasus Military District. With 3rd Cavalry Corps 11.41. Became 3rd Guards Cavalry Division 11.41.
51st Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 36th Army of Transbaikal Front.
52nd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 3rd Army.
53rd Cavalry Division — 6.41 — 7.41 formed in North Caucasus Military District. With 3rd Cavalry Corps 11.41. Became 4th Guards Cavalry Division 11.41.
54th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Kalinin Front.
55th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 13th Army. 14.2.43 became 15th Guards Cavalry Division.
57th Light Cavalry Division — Formed Aug 41 - Oct 41. Dec 41 with 10th Army. Disbanded in Feb 42 due to losses. Personnel used to fill out other units of the 1st Guards Cavalry Division of the 1st Guards Cavalry Corps.
59th Cavalry Division — 5.45 with the Transbaikal Front.
61st Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 4th Cavalry Corps.
62nd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 56th Army.
63rd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 4th Cavalry Corps and 5.45 with the 5th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Eventually became 6th Guards Tank Division postwar, and today the 6th Mechanised Brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus.
66th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 9th Army (Soviet Union).
72nd Cavalry Division — 6.41 with 2nd Cavalry Corps.
73rd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 26th Army.
75th Light Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 10th Army. Disbanded in March 1942 due to losses. Personnel used to fill out other units of the 1st Guards Cavalry Division of the 1st Guards Cavalry corps.
80th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with RVGK (Stavka Reserve).
82nd Cavalry Division — 1.42 with 11th Cavalry Corps.
83rd Mountain Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 61st Army. 1.43 became 13th Guards Cavalry Division.
84th Cavalry Division — 5.45 with the 1st Red Banner Army of the independent coastal group in the Far East.
91st Cavalry Division — 12.41 with 61st Army.
97th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Turkmen national formation. 4.43 disbanded.
99th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Uzbek national formation. 7.42 disbanded.
100th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Uzbek national formation. Disbanded July 1942.
101st Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Uzbek national formation. 7.42 disbanded.
102nd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Uzbek national formation. 6.42 disbanded.
103rd Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Uzbek national formation. 3.42 disbanded.
104th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Tajik national formation. 7.42 disbanded.
105th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. 7.42 disbanded.
107th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Central Asian Military District. Kyrgyz SSR national formation. 8.42 disbanded.
110th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Stalingrad Military District. Kalmyk ASSR national formation. 1.43 disbanded.
111th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Stalingrad MD. Kalmyk ASSR national formation. 4.42 disbanded.
112th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Southern Urals MD. Became 16th Guards Cavalry Division on Feb 14, 1943. See also ru:112-я Башкирская кавалерийская дивизия.
113th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Southern Urals MD. Bashkir ASSR national formation.[11] 3.42 disbanded.
114th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Svir-Caucasus MD. Chechen-Ingush ASSR national formation.[12] 3.42 became 255th Rifle Regiment.
115th Cavalry Division — 12.41 with Svir-Caucasus MD. Kabardino-Balkar ASSR national formation.[12] 10.42 disbanded.
116th Cavalry Division — 4.42 with 17th Cavalry Corps. 8.42 became 12th Guards Cavalry Division.
Independent Cavalry Division НО — 12.41 with 56th Army.
Guards Cavalry Divisions Edit
1st Guards Cavalry Division — (ex 5th Cavalry Division 26.11.41). Fought at Moscow, Kharkov, Kiev, and in the Lvov-Sandomir, Carpathian, Berlin, and Prague Operations. With 1st Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
2nd Guards Cavalry Division (ex 9th Cavalry Division 11.41). Fought at Kiev and Zhitomir. With 1st Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
3rd Guards Cavalry Division (ex 50th Cavalry Division 11.41). With 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45.
4th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 53rd Cavalry Division 11.41). Fought at Battle of Moscow. With 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45.
5th Guards Cavalry Division — (ex 3rd Cavalry Division 22.12.41). ru:5-я гвардейская кавалерийская дивизия. Fought near Stalingrad and in Kurland. With 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Belorussian Front 5.45. Elements of division later used in postwar formation of the 1st (later the 18th) Tank Division. The 18th was later reorganised as the 5th Guards Tank Division, which remains active today, having been relocated to the Transbaikal Military District in 1965.
6th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 14th Cavalry Division 12.41). Fought at Stalingrad, Smolensk, and in the Belorussian Operation, East Prussia, and Kurland. With 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Belorussian Front 5.45. Disbanded 7.46.[10]
7th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 31st Cavalry Division 5.1.42). Fought at Kaluga, Kharkov, Kiev, Sandomir, and in the Berlin Operation. With 1st Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
8th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 11th Cavalry Division). With 6th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45, near Stalingrad in 1946.
9th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 12th Cavalry Division 27.8.42). Fought near Mozdok, Stavropol, Melitopol, Odessa, Debrecen, Budapest, and Prague.
10th Guards Cavalry Division (ru:10-я гвардейская казачья кавалерийская дивизия; ex 13th Cavalry Division 27.8.42). Fought near Mozdok, Stavropol, Melitopol, Odessa, Debrecen, Budapest, and Prague. With 4th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
11th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 15th Cavalry Division 8.42). Fought at Korsun and Targul Frumos. With the 5th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
12th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 116th Cavalry Division 8.42). Fought at Korsun and Targul Frumos. With the 5th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
13th Guards 'Ровенская' Cavalry Division (ex 83rd Mountain Cavalry Division 1.43). Fought at Dubno in 1944. With 6th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45, became 30th Guards Tank Division in the Carpathian Military District, which became the 30th Mechanized Brigade in 2004 after the fall of the Soviet Union.
14th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 21st Mountain Cavalry Division 14.2.43). Fought near Chernigov, and in the Lublin-Brest, East Pomerania, and Berlin Operations. With 7th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45.
15th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 55th Cavalry Division 14.2.43). Fought near Chernigov, and in the Lublin-Brest, East Pomeranian, and Berlin Operations. With 7th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45. 15 GCD eventually became 15th Guards Tank Division, which served with the Central Group of Forces in Hungary postwar, before being withdrawn to Chebarkul in the Urals after 1990 and eventually being disbanded there circa 2002-4.
16th Guards Cavalry Division (ex 112th Cavalry Division 14.2.43). 'Bashkir Chernigovskaya Order of Lenin, Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Division.' Bashkir SSR national formation.[13] Raised from 112th Bashkir Cavalry Division. Fought near Chernigov, and in the Lublin-Brest, East Pomerania, and Berlin Operations. With 7th Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45. 14th and 16 Guards Cavalry Divisions of 7th Guards Cavalry Corps together eventually became 23rd Motor Rifle Division, which ended up in the Trans-Caucasus region as part of 4th Army.
17th Guards Cavalry Mozyr Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Division. Tajik national formation. Ex 20th Mountain Cavalry Division 8.43. Fought near Brest 8.44. With 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45.
Tank Divisions Edit
The Red Army tank divisions of the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) were short-lived. In the face of the German invasion of 1941, many poorly maintained vehicles were abandoned, and those that did meet the Germans in battle were defeated by the superior training, doctrine, and radio communications of the Panzertruppe. The magnitude of the defeat was so great that the mechanized corps parent headquarters of the tank divisions were either inactivated or destroyed by July 1941. Most of the tank divisions facing the Germans had met a similar fate by the end of 1941. The Soviets opted to organize more easily controlled tank brigades instead, eventually combining many of these into three-brigade tank corps in 1942, an organizational structure that served them until the end of the war. Until late in the war, two tank divisions remained in the Far East, serving in the Transbaikal Military District.
1st Tank Division — with 1st Mechanised Corps in Jun 1941.
2nd Tank Division — formed June–July 1940. With 3rd Mechanised Corps in Jun 1941.
3rd Tank Division — with 1st Mechanised Corps in Jun 1941.
4th Tank Division — with 6th Mechanised Corps in Jun 1941.
5th Tank Division — formed June–July 1940. With 3rd Mechanised Corps in Jun 1941.
6th Tank Division — with 28th Mechanised Corps in June 1941. 6th Tank Division was part of the Transcaucasian Front when the Front moved into Iran, but was withdrawn from Iran in September 1941, whereas in November it was deployed by Novocherkassk with the 56th Army.
7th Tank Division — with 6th Mechanised Corps in June 1941.
8th Tank Division — with 4th Mechanized Corps in Jun 1941.
9th Tank Division — with 27th Mechanised Corps in June 1941. Quickly separated from 27th Mechanised Corps and re-designated 104th Tank Division.
10th Tank Division — with 15th Mechanised Corps in June 1941. Ground down to a strength of 20 vehicles while serving with 40th Army. Broken up August–September 1941 and reorganised as 131st and 133rd Tank Battalions.
11th Tank Division — with 2nd Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
12th Tank Division — with 8th Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
15th Tank Division — with 16th Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
19th Tank Division — with 22nd Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
21st Tank Division — with 10th Mechanized Corps in June 1941, with 201 or 217 tanks.[14] By 1 October 1941, part of 54th Army but had no tanks remaining.[15]
22nd Tank Division — with 14th Mechanized Corps in Jun 1941.
23rd Tank Division — with 12th Mechanized Corps in June 1941, disbanded by August 1941.
28th Tank Division — with 12th Mechanized Corps in June 1941. With 27th Army on 1 November 1941,[16] not listed in BSSA next month.
31st Tank Division — with 13th Mechanized Corps in June 1941. (in Shchuchyn area 1941)
32nd Tank Division — with 4th Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
33rd Tank Division — with 11th Mechanized Corps, 3rd Army in Jun 1941.
34th Tank Division — with 8th Mechanized Corps in June 1941. On disbandment, elements reorganised as 16th Tank Brigade, which was later transferred bodily from the Red Army to the Polish Armed Forces in the East. See pl:16 Dnowsko-Łużycka Brygada Pancerna.
41st Tank Division — with 22nd Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
42nd Tank Division — with 21st Mechanized Corps in June 1941, disbanded by August 1941.
43rd Tank Division — with 19th Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
46th Tank Division — with 21st Mechanized Corps in June 1941, disbanded by August 1941.
48th Tank Division — with 23rd Mechanized Corps in June 1941. Reorganised as 17th and 18th Tank Brigades in September 1941.
51st Tank Division — with 23rd Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
52nd Tank Division — with 26th Mechanized Corps in June 1941.
55th Tank Division — with 25th Mechanized Corps in June 1941. Destroyed August 1941 at Chernigov and remnants became 8th and 14th Separate Tank Battalions.[17]
56th Tank Division — formed from two cavalry divisions. With 26th Mechanized Corps in June 1941. Formed the basis of 102nd Tank Division in mid-July 1941.
57th Tank Division — with Transbaikal Military District in June 1941.
58th Tank Division — with 30th Mechanized Corps in Far East in June 1941. Became 58th Tank Brigade on 31 December 1941.[18]
59th Tank Division — with 2nd Red Banner Army in Far East in Jun 1941.
60th Tank Division — with 30th Mechanized Corps in Far East in June 1941. Became 60th Tank Brigade on 20 January 1942.
61st Tank Division — with 17th Army, Transbaikal Military District in June 1941, and still there in May 1945.
101st Tank Division — formed after July 1941; with Western Front in August 1941.
102nd Tank Division — formed after July 1941 from 56th Tank Division.[19] With Reserve Front in August 1941. Became 144th Separate Tank Brigade on 10 September 1941. (ru:102-я танковая дивизия (СССР))
104th Tank Division — formed after July 1941 by re-designation of 9th Tank Division; with Western Front in August 1941.
105th Tank Division — formed after July 1941; with Reserve Front in August 1941.
107th Tank Division — formed after July 1941; with Western Front in August 1941. Became 107th Motor Rifle Division 16 September 1941, and, three months after that, 2nd Guards Motor Rifle Division on 12 January 1942.
108th Tank Division — formed after July 1941, possibly redesignation or split of 69th Mechanised Division.[20] with Reserve Front in August 1941. Becomes 108th Tank Brigade on 2 December 1941.
109th Tank Division — formed after July 1941; with Central Front in August 1941.
111th Tank Division — formed after July 1941; with the Transbaikal Front in May 1945.
112th Tank Division — formed in August 1941 in Primorsky Krai on the basis of 112th Tank Regiment, 239th Mechanised Division, 30th Mechanized Corps, under Colonel Andrei Getman. With the Far Eastern Front in Sept 1941. Becomes 112th Tank Brigade on 3 January 1942.
Artillery Divisions Edit
1st (Tank) destroyer artillery division - 25 May 1942 with South-Western Front
2nd (Tank) destroyer artillery division - 25 May 1942 with Brynsk Front
3rd (Tank) destroyer artillery division - 25 May 1942 with Western Front
4th (Tank) destroyer artillery division - 6 June 1942 with Kalinin Front
5th (Tank) destroyer artillery division - 6 June 1942 with Stalingrad Military District
1st Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 70th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
1st Guards Glukhovshchinskaya Order of Lenin, Red Banner Znameni, Orders of Suvorov (II), Kutuzov (II), and Bogdan Khmelnitskiy (II) Artillery Division - formed from 1st Artillery Division 1 March 1943 and fought with the Voronezh, later 1st Ukrainian Fronts.[21]
2nd Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 5th Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
2nd Guards Perekop Red Banner Order of Suvorov (II) Artillery Division created on 1 March 1943 from the 4th Artillery Division and fought with the Southern, 4th Ukrainian, 1st Baltic and 2nd Baltic Fronts.[21]
2nd Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
3rd Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 5th Guards Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
3rd Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
4th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
4th Guards Heavy Gun Artillery Division — with 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
5th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
5th Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
6th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 47th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
6th Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 1st Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945. In Manchuria Aug 1945.
7th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Ukrainian Front May 1945. See ru:7-я артиллерийская дивизия прорыва.
8th Gun Artillery Division — with Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
9th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
10th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945. In August 1959, on the basis of the disbanded 10th Breakthrough Artillery Division, the formation of an organizational group of 46 Training Artillery Range (Military Unit No.43176) temporarily located in Mozyr, Gomel Oblast, Byelorussian SSR, was begun. 46 Training Artillery Range later became 27th Guards Rocket Army.
11th Artillery Division — with 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
12th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
13th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 60th Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front 5.45.
14th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 5th Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
15th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 2nd Shock Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
16th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 7th Guards Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
17th Artillery Division — with 13th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
18th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 8th Guards Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
19th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 3rd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
20th Breakthrough Artillery Division — Fought at Kursk, and in East Prussia and Kurland. With 1st Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
21st Breakthrough Artillery Division — Fought in East Prussia and Kurland; with Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
22nd Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 33rd Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
23rd Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 49th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
25th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 28th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
26th Artillery Division — with 65th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
27th Artillery Division — with 1st Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) 5.45.
28th Breakthrough Artillery Division — Fought in Kurland; with Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
30th Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
31st Breakthrough Artillery Division — with 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45.
3rd Guards Artillery Division, Pushkin, Leningrad Military District (Feskov, 58)
4th Guards Training Artillery Division/468th District Training Centre, Mulino, Moscow Military District
12th Artillery Division, Шелехов/Shelekhov, Transbaikal Military District
15th Guards Artillery Division, Красная Речка (Khabarovsk), Far East Military District
26th Artillery Division, Ternopol, Carpathian Military District (66th Artillery Corps)
34th Artillery Division, Potsdam, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (formed 25 June 1945 to July 9, 1945 in Germany)
51st Guards Artillery Division, Osipovichi, Belarussian Military District (Feskov et al. 2004, 53.)
55th Artillery Division, Zaporozhia, Odessa Military District (Feskov, 57)
81st Artillery Division, Виноградов/Vinogradov, Carpathian Military District (66th Artillery Corps)
110th Guards Artillery District, Buinaksk, North Caucasus Military District
149th Artillery Division, Kaliningrad, Baltic Military District (Feskov, 59)
Guards Rocket Artillery Divisions Edit
1st Guards Rocket Krasnoselsk Red Banner Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942 at Moscow Military District Jan 1945.
2nd Guards Rocket Gorodokskaya Red Banner Order of Alexander Nevskiy Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942; with 1st Baltic Front Jan 1945.
3rd Guards Rocket Kiev Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov (II) and Bogdan Khmelnitskiy (II) Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942; with 1st Ukrainian Front Jan 1945.
4th Guards Rocket Sivashskaya Order of Alexander Nevskiy Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942; with 2nd Belorussian Front Jan 1945.
5th Guards Rocket Kalinkovichskaya Red Banner Order of Suvorov (II) Artillery Division — Formed Jan 1943; with 1st Belorussian Front Jan 1945.
6th Guards Rocket Bratislava Artillery Division — Formed Jan 1943; with 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
7th Guards Rocket Kovenskaya Red Banner Orders of Suvorov (II) and Kutuzov (II) Artillery Division — Formed Feb 1943; with 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
Antiaircraft Divisions Edit
1st AA Division - with 21st Army, Don Front and South-Western Front before renamed into 2nd Guards AA Division
1st Guards AA Division was a part of the PVO Strany organisation
2nd AA Division — with the 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
2nd Guards AA Division — with 5th Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
3rd AA Division — with the 3rd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
3rd Guards AA Division — with Eighth Guards Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
4th AA Division — with the 3rd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
4th Guards AA Division — with 1st Guards Tank Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
5th AA Division — with Seventh Guards Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
5th Guards AA Division — with 9th Guards Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
6th AA Division — with 5th Guards Tank Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
6th Guards AA Division — with 4th Guards Tank Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
7th AA Division — with 8th Army of the Leningrad Front May 1945.
10th AA Division — with 13th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
11th AA Division — with 46th Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
12th AA Division — with 65th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
14th AA Division — with 10th Guards Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
17th AA Division — with 51st Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
18th AA Division — with 69th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
19th AA Division — with 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
20th AA Division — with 61st Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
21st AA Division — with 52nd Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
22nd AA Division — with the 3rd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
23rd AA Division — with the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
24th AA Division — with 2nd Guards Tank Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
25th AA Division — with 1st Guards Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front May 1945.
26th AA Division — with 7th Guards Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
27th AA Division — with 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
29th AA Division — with 5th Guards Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
30th AA Division — with the 2nd Ukrainian Front May 1945.
31st AA Division — appears to have been with 47th Army in January 1945, with four anti-aircraft artillery regiments (BSSA). With 3rd Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
33rd AA Division — with the 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
34th AA Division — with 11th Guards Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
35th AA Division — with 37th Army in Bulgaria May 1945.
36th AA Division — with 1st Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
37th AA Division — with 21st Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
39th AA Division — with 6th Guards Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
40th AA Division — with 14th Army near Kirkenes May 1945.
41st AA Division — with Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
42nd AA Division — with 42nd Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
43rd AA Division — with 60th Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front May 1945.
44th AA Division — with 67th Army of the Leningrad Front May 1945.
45th AA Division — with the 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
47th AA Division — with the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945.
50th - 63rd AA Divisions were of the air defense forces (PVO Strany).
64th AA Division — with 33rd Army of the 1st Belorussian Front May 1945.
66th AA Division — with 48th Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.
69th AA Division — with the 3rd Guards Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
70th AA Division — with Kiev Military District May 1945.
71st AA Division — with the 1st Ukrainian Front May 1945.
72nd AA Division — in RVGK reserve of the Stavka May 1945.
73rd AA Division — with 4th Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
76th AA Division — with 38th Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front May 1945.
Aviation divisions Edit
See Aviation Division for Soviet Air Forces divisions and Soviet Naval Aviation for naval aviation divisions
Divisions Disbanded 1945–89 Edit
Disbanded 1958(?)← 1957 7th MRD<-7th Mech Div <-1946/55← 7th Mech Corps
343 (55) Rifle Division 1946–55, 136 MRD 1957, Disbanded 1958
Disbanded 1958←137 MRD 1957 ←345 (57) RD 1946–55
Disbanded 1958←142 Mtn RD 1957 ←376 (72) RD 1955
Disbanded 1960←143 Gds MRD 1957←72G Mech Div 1946(1955) ←110 GRD
Disbanded 1958<144 MRD 1957<97 RD 1946 (1955)
List of Soviet armies
All Russian source notes are via Lenskii.
↑ Scott and Scott, 1979, p.12
↑ David Glantz, Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War 1941–43, University Press of Kansas, 2005, p. 717 note 5.
↑ Story of the loss and regaining of the colours related at the end of article in Russian [1]
↑ Feskov et al, "Советская Армия в годы «холодной войны» (1945-1991)", p. 29, Tomsk: Tomsk University Press, 2004.
↑ Feskov et al 2004, p.29
↑ "Internal forces in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", Documents and materials. Moscow, 1975, 39, cited in David Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, University Press of Kansas, 1998, 175.
↑ Red Army Handbook, Chapter 3. For 5 GCD, see also thread at Axis History Forum for more details
↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Regimental details from Cavalry Divisions of RKKA
↑ 10.0 10.1 For some postwar dispositions of the cavalry formations, see http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=23337.
↑ Bashkir Cavalry Division
↑ 12.0 12.1 Deportation of 1944. Myths and Reality
↑ 10th Mechanised Corps 1941
↑ Erickson, Road to Stalingrad, Cassel Military Paperbacks, 2003, p.226
↑ "Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1 November 1941". Tashv.nm.ru. http://www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19411101.html. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
↑ Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, 231.
↑ Axis History Forum • View topic - How many divisions were transferred from Far East in 1941?
↑ http://www.armchairgeneral.com/rkkaww2/formation/tdiv1941.htm
↑ See Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, University Press of Kansas, 1998, 222, and associated endnotes at 324-325, notes 47-49. SBDVOV, Issue 37, pgs 99, 141-142 appear to be the original archive documents.
↑ 21.0 21.1 Feskov at Artillery divisions of RKKA of all types 1945 (Артиллерийские дивизии РККА всех типов периода 1942-1945 гг.) [2]
Glantz, David M., Colossus Reborn, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1353-6.
Glantz, David M., Companion to Colossus Reborn, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1359-5.
А. Г. Ленский, Сухопутные силы РККА в предвоенные годы. Справочник. — Санкт-Петербург Б&К, 2000
Robert G. Poirier and Albert Z. Conner, The Red Army Order of Battle in the Great Patriotic War, Novato: Presidio Press, 1985. ISBN 0-89141-237-9.
Steven J. Zaloga and Leland S. Ness, Red Army Handbook 1941–1945, Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0-7509-1740-7.
V.I. Feskov, K.A. Kalashnikov, V.I. Golikov, The Soviet Army in the Years of the Cold War 1945–91, Tomsk University Publishing House, Tomsk, 2004
Боевой Состав Советской Армии 1941–1945 (Official Soviet Army Order of Battle from General Staff Archives).
http://samsv.narod.ru/
223rd Rifle Division
http://www.soldat.ru/force/sssr/sp/division/through.html - expanded list of divisions from updated sources (Russian)
Soviet Union divisions before 1945
1st Guards
2nd Guards
3rd Guards
4th Guards
10th Guards
17th Mountain
21st Mountain
Infantry divisions
1st Crimean
2nd Crimean
1st Polar
10th Reserve
35th Training
41st Reserve
50th Lithuanian Reserve
Guards Rifle
Ussuri
Motor Rifle
3rd Crimean
Latvian Riflemen Soviet Divisions
NKVD
OMSDON
People's Militia
Reboly Direction Division
Divisions of the Soviet Union 1957-89
31st Guards
44th Training Airborne Division
242nd Training Centre
23rd Guards
42nd Guards
109th Guards
122nd Guards
123rd Guards
Rocket divisions
(ballistic missiles)
Tank divisions
44th Tank Training
Retrieved from "https://military.wikia.org/wiki/List_of_Soviet_divisions_1917%E2%80%9345?oldid=4091132"
Soviet World War II divisions
Lists of military units and formations of World War II

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Do you currently own a home in Perth that you are thinking of selling? If the answer is yes then we can be of assistance to you. As you know it is essential that before you can sell and advertise your home in Perth you must have a home report carried out at your property. This is often stressful for a lot of people as not only are they having to spend money just to basically advertise but for a home report to be carried out it can cost several hundred pounds.
Here at Free home reports we are able to offer those in Perth our free home reports. Our free home reports will detail all of the information about the current state of your home and will highlight any areas of your home that need attended to by qualified tradesmen. This will also save your potential buyers the hassle of having to buy a home report for your property from their surveyor. Our free home reports are actually worth up to £500 so you will notice that this is an offer not to be missed as you are getting massive savings by using us for your home report. Our free home reports are also up to the standard that any other home reports are as well, so you shouldn't worry that just because ours is free that it is any less in quality because that is not the case.
If you are in need of our free home reports for your property in Perth then all you need to do is contact us now. You can do so either by phoning us, emailing us or by filling out our online contact form that we have on our site.


The Photo is dye infused onto a specialty coated aluminum and sealed with a gemlike UV coating. Last year poachers broke the record on the number of rhinos slaughtered for their horn. The trend this year looks like it will be another record breaker. These animals are being killed for their horn which is made up of the same material as a fingernail, keratin, because of its supposed medicinal value. We need to do all that we can before these animals become only known to future generations in picture books as some mythical unicorn.


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Durango's Quinn Simmons bronze at Gent-Wevelgem juniors race in Belgium
By John Livingston Herald Sports editor
Sunday, Mar 25, 2018 8:04
Blevins strong in California road race
Not even Quinn Simmons expected to land on the podium of his first big road cycling race in Europe.
The 17-year-old from Durango stunned the masses Sunday when he finished third at the Gent-Wevelgem junior men's race in Belgium. It was the first stop of the International Cycling Union's (UCI) Junior Nations' Cup. Simmons competed for the Lux Cycling Development Team.
Italy's Samuele Manfredi won the race over the cobble stones in 2 hours, 50 minutes, 40 seconds. Norway's Søren Wærenskjold was second in the same time, and Simmons was third, two seconds back of Manfredi.
"My first cobble classic – can't say I expected this one," Simmons said in a post to Instagram.
Earlier this year, in his first road race with Lux Cycling, Simmons won the Valley of the Sun stage race in Phoenix to earn a spot on the USA Cycling national team.
Simmons, the junior cross-country mountain bike national champion, is in his first season racing road bikes and has turned heads with his explosive start in the discipline. Next, he will compete at the Paris-Roubaix Juniors race April 8 in France. He will then return home to start the mountain bike season in California.
San Dimas Stage Race
Durango's Christopher Blevins hopped on his road bike for a three-stage race this weekend, the San Dimas Stage Race in California.
The 20-year-old is the USA Cycling under-23 cross-country mountain bike and cyclocross national champion, and he's proven to be a force on a road bike with the Hagens Berman Axeon road team, too.
Blevins
Blevins finished second in the general classification standings for pro men under 25. His teammate Thomas Revard won the category with a total time of 5 hours, 11 minutes, 20 seconds. Blevins was 13 seconds behind. Sam Boardman of Marc Pro Cycling was third, and Keegan Swirbul, the 2015 Iron Horse Bicycle Classic champion, was fourth for the Jelly Belly p/b Maxxis team, 37 seconds behind Revard.
Blevins finished fourth overall among all pro men riders. Cory Lockwood of Project Echelon Racing was first in 5:11:18. Blevins was 15 seconds off that time.
Blevins finished seventh in Sunday's criterium race. He won Saturday's road race in 3:31:16, as he edged Swirbul for the win by two seconds.
In the Stage 1 time trial, Blevins was third in 15:11, 18 seconds behind the winning time of Jordan Cheyne.
jlivingston@durangoherald.com
Durango's Quinn Simmons first American winner of junior Gent-Wevelgem
Sepp Kuss wraps up Critérium; Quinn Simmons claims a road win in Europe
Quinn Simmons' star is born with early road cycling success
Durango's Quinn Simmons lands another podium in Europe road cycling race
Howard Grotts teams with Jaroslav Kulhavý to win Cape Epic
Broncos rookie linebacker returns from 3 heart procedures
Gonzales ends 8-start skid, Mariners beat Márquez, Rockies
Bucks' 50-year wait ends with a title behind 50 from Giannis


[10:53:12] <purplefox> temporalfox: did you have a good holiday?
[10:55:37] <purplefox> do they speak french in corsica or is there another language?
[10:59:34] <purplefox> cescoffier: what is your local cheese with maggots called?
[17:07:41] <bq> what is big diff between vertx2 & vert3?
[17:08:01] <bq> cescoffier: which version are you using?
[17:08:42] <cescoffier> there are lots of differences. the version 3 is much simpler is term of deployment.


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Albert Duane Shaw (December 21, 1841 – February 10, 1901) was an American government official and politician from New York.  A Union Army veteran of the American Civil War, he was most notable for his service as Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and a U.S. Representative from New York's 24th congressional district.

Biography
Shaw was born in Lyme, New York, on December 21, 1841, a son of Henry Shaw and Sally Ann (Gardner) Shaw.  Shaw was raised on his family's farm in Lyme, and attended the local schools.  He was a student at Union Academy in Belleville and St. Lawrence University in Canton before leaving school to join the military.

Military service
Shaw enlisted in the Union Army for the American Civil War, joining Company A, 35th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment as a private in June 1861.  He was later promoted to corporal, and he served until being mustered out with the rest of his regiment in June 1863.  Shaw took part in the regiment's activities in Virginia and Maryland, including; construction of Fort Tillinghast and Fort Craig (autumn 1861); guard and patrol duty in and around Falls Church, Virginia (winter 1861-1862); guard and patrol duty in and around Falmouth, Virginia (spring 1862); battles at Rappahannock Station, White Sulphur Springs, and Gainesville (summer 1862); Second Battle of Bull Run (August 1862); Chantilly (September 1862); South Mountain (September 1862); Antietam (September 1862); and Fredericksburg (December 1862).  In January, 1863, the regiment was assigned to the provost guard brigade in Falmouth, and also performed guard and patrol duty along the Aquia Creek railroad.  In May, the regiment left Maryland for New York so it could be mustered out.

After his discharge, Shaw was appointed a special agent of the Army provost marshal's office in Watertown, and served until the close of the war.  The provost marshal's duties included keeping track of men eligible for military service, and compelling them to report if they refused to answer the call.  In addition, the provost marshal kept records on paid substitutes and men who had been paid bounties to enlist, and arrested them if they failed to leave for the front lines.  The provost marshal's staff also tracked down deserters from the front lines and returned them to their units or imprisoned them.

After the war, Shaw was commissioned as a colonel and assigned as commander of the New York National Guard's 36th Infantry Regiment.  He served until resigning in 1868 to accept a US consul's appointment.

Start of career
Shaw returned to St. Lawrence University after the Civil War, but left before completing his degree.  In 1866, he was a successful Republican candidate for the New York State Assembly from the 2nd District of Jefferson County, and he served in the 90th New York State Legislature (1867).

In 1868, Shaw was appointed as United States consul in Toronto, Canada.  He served until 1878, and Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, commended Shaw's written reports as the best in the consular service.  In 1878, Shaw was appointed as consul in Manchester, England, and he served until 1885, when the newly-elected administration of Grover Cleveland replaced him with a Democratic appointee.

Later career
After leaving Manchester, Shaw resided in Watertown, and was a sought after speaker for holidays, the dedications of Civil War memorials, and Republican political campaigns.  He was also active in Watertown's civic life, including service as president of its Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and chamber of commerce.

Shaw was long active in the Grand Army of the Republic, and was elected department commander for New York in 1897.  In 1899 he was elected commander-in-chief of the GAR's national organization, and he served until 1900.

Congressman
In 1900, Shaw was elected as a Republican to fill the vacancy in the 56th Congress that was caused by the death of Charles A. Chickering.  He was reelected to the 57th Congress, but died before the term began on March 4, 1901.  Shaw's brief Congressional service spanned from November 6, 1900 until his death.

Death and burial
Shaw died in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 1901.  News accounts indicated that he returned to his room at the Riggs House hotel after attending a banquet in honor of Leo Rassieur, his successor as GAR commander-in-chief.  He was found dead the next morning, and the physician summoned to his room found the cause to be apoplexy (a stroke).  He was interred at Brookside Cemetery in Watertown, New York.

Family
In 1872, Shaw married Mary Sherwood Keith of Chicago.  They were the parents of three children - Henry L. Keith Shaw, Mabel Keith Shaw, and Minnie Scott Shaw.

See also

List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

Sources

Books

Newspapers

External links

1841 births
1901 deaths
19th-century American diplomats
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
St. Lawrence University alumni
Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
People from Jefferson County, New York
Union Army colonels
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
Grand Army of the Republic Commanders-in-Chief
19th-century American politicians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's hard to believe that it's been a year since Father Joe, Yvonne and I arrived. And what a year it has been. When I first spoke I mentioned that I hoped in my first year to get to know the parish, the people and the life of faith. I mentioned what Monsignor Clem McKenna said was his advice to new pastors: don't make many changes your first year. Get to know the lay of the land, meet the people and take notes. God help them on the 366th day.
When I arrived I found a wonderful community of people. You welcomed me. We have worked side by side through the many activities. We have prayed, celebrated and consoled each other. We have shared meals and shared Eucharist. We have rejoiced at Baptisms and Weddings. We have supported one another in moments of sickness and death. We have cheered when our teams are victorious and been sad when they have lost.
Thank you, the people of Saint Robert's, it has been a great year.
I thank Father Ring once again for his many years of service to Saint Robert's. He came to the parish at a very difficult moment in our history. He stabilized the parish and led it through difficult times. The Presentation Center and the remodeling of the sanctuary are stellar examples of his vision.
Day 366 has arrived. What's going to happen now. The Parish Council, the Finance Council and staff have been meeting over this past year to look at parish life. There are some challenges ahead of us.
Something must be done with our youth program. The spirit I experienced with the young people during the preparation for and performance of the Passion play needs to cultivated and spread.
We pray for leaders of our church and all God's servants. May each be given a heart that is wise, compassionate and understanding as they bring the Kingdom of Heaven to all the world.
As of July 15th we have raised $14,112.18 plus 666.76 in tips for a total of $14,778.94.
The readings this weekend are familiar, so we want to be particularly attentive as they are proclaimed. The Isaiah passage is the basis for the song, "Come to the Water," which we sing at the Easter Vigil and other times as well. Those of us who enjoy eating and drinking will notice that it frames God's boundless generosity in terms of abundance: water, grain, milk and honey, all given for free. The gospel also deals with food, freely given: the multiplication of loaves and fishes. Jesus blesses five loaves and two fish to feed those who've spent the day listening to him. Some scripture scholars are offering another possible way to look at this reading. Jewish people of that time were used to walking and, of course, realized that there was no deli or caf� nearby at which to buy dinner! So they would have brought along some dried fish and bread to eat later. What if Jesus' prayer of blessing of the loaves and fishes inspired the crowd to open up their own knapsacks and share what they had brought with the folks who might have been in a hurry and forgot their provisions? Wouldn't that have been an equally impressive miracle?
If you listen very closely, you might notice the words taking, blessing, broke and gave, the same words Jesus uses at the Last Supper. Jesus feeds their human, physical hunger in this gospel passage and at the Last Supper, feeds their spiritual and emotional hunger as they long for him to stay with them. The brother of a friend of mine is having trouble with the idea of transubstantiation, our belief that the bread and wine becomes the body and blood of the Lord during the Eucharistic celebration. I thought immediately of Jesus, the Son of God, becoming a child. Who could be afraid of a child? I suggested that one way he might think of it is as Jesus' almost desperate attempt to come to us: who could be afraid of sharing a meal with a friend? When we eat the bread and wine, as theologians have taught throughout the ages, not only does Jesus become part of us, we become part of him. As the bread and wine are transformed, though they retain their outward appearances, we too are transformed, though we retain our outward appearances. It probably won't be helpful for him or for us to get very technical or scientific about how this transformation takes place. We know that Jesus gave us this gift of his presence at the Last Supper and asked us to do this in his memory.
Over the past couple of months, several people have called, expressing an interest in coming back to church. Welcome! If you are one of those who, for whatever reason, drifted away, you are most welcome to come home. Please call Sister Sheral at the rectory 589-2800, if you'd like to meet with her to discuss any questions you may have or if you need an update on changes in the Church since you've been away. If you know of someone who is thinking of returning to the practice of the faith, please refer him/her to Sister. If you'd like to be part of a small group to begin in the fall, please give Sister a call as well. Thank you.


Recent HIV+ what can i expect from my treatment?
About a month ago i tested positive, my whole world crumbled and thats why i havent gone back, cause i was depressed and working was the only way to get my mind of it. Im wondering, what possible symptoms can i expect from treatment, ive heard that some experience nightmares, vomits, diarrhea, drowsiness, among others. Although Ive also thought of the "OMG im gonna be alone forever now that im poz" Im mainly not that concerned about that, but I would like to have someone who went/is going thru this for mutual support. One final question, how long does it usually take for someone to be "undetectable"?
Im finding this site very useful would appreciate if my questions are answered.
I'm sorry to hear about your recent test, please know that there are caring and non-judgmental places that you can receive support and medical care.
While treatment is recommended for most people living with HIV, starting is generally never an emergency. There's time to thoughtfully sort out your options and learn about the goals of treatment and the ways to be best adherent to medical care and recommended treatments.
In the past (and many older internet posts), HIV treatment was prone to lots of side effects, such as vomiting and diarrhea, today's treatment options are much better tolerated. The nightmares and drowsiness that you describe are associated primarily with one commonly used medication, efavirenz (part of Atripla; also known as Sustiva/Stocrin). For most people, even these side effects are mild and fade with time. Medications should be tailored to one's individual health situation and lifestyle factors, and can be adjusted/modified if there are unanticipated or unwanted side effects. Treatment can improve or maintain health and prevent transmission to others. Once medication is started, HIV levels in the blood typically reach undetectable levels in a few months (usually well less than 6).
Here at TheBody.com, there are blogs and a very active chat forum where people can share their experiences. Many community organizations (like our Rocky Mountain CARES here in Denver) run support group programs that allow people to connect and learn about their health; I'd suggest looking over these options.
Can Kaposi sarcoma appear when on meds for a long time and normal cd4 count?
intermittently shuffled regimen: COULD IT BE EFFECTIVE IN AVOIDING DRUG RESISTANCE?


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Snake venomics of the lancehead pitviper Bothrops asper: geographic, individual, and ontogenetic variations.
Platelet aggregation and antibacterial effects of an l-amino acid oxidase purified from Bothrops alternatus snake venom.
Stroke following Bothrops spp. snakebite.
Neutrophils do not contribute to local tissue damage, but play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration, in mice injected with Bothrops asper snake venom.
Complications of Bothrops, Porthidium, and Bothriechis snakebites in Colombia. A clinical and epidemiological study of 39 cases attended in a university hospital.
Host response to Bothrops asper snake venom. Analysis of edema formation, inflammatory cells, and cytokine release in a mouse model.
Isolation of bradykinin-potentiating peptides from Bothrops jararaca venom.


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Király Zoltán (Kiskunfélegyháza, 1948. május 23. – ) magyar újságíró, pedagógus, vállalkozó, országgyűlési képviselő.

Élete
Király Zoltán Kiskunfélegyházán született 1948. május 23-án Király Ferenc és Körmöczi Irén gyermekeként.

Általános és középiskoláit Kecskeméten végezte. Főiskolai tanulmányait a József Attila Tudományegyetem Jogtudományi Karán végezte 1969–1971 között. 1975–1979 között a Juhász Gyula Tanárképző Főiskola, népművelés–pedagógia szakán tanult. 1980–1981 között a MÚOSZ Újságíró Iskola diákja volt. 1983–1987 között Politikai Főiskolát végzett. 1995–1997 között a Külkereskedelmi Főiskola hallgatója volt.

1971–1978 között a Kommunista Ifjúsági Szövetség Bács-Kiskun Megyei Bizottságának kulturális felelőse, 2 évig megbízott ideológiai titkára volt. 1973–1975 között a Petőfi Népe, 1975–1978 között pedig a Magyar Rádió szolnoki stúdiójának munkatársa, valamint a Magyar Televízió külső munkatársa volt. 1974–1988 között az MSZMP tagja volt, 1988-ban az Új Márciusi Front alapító tagja, kizárták az MSZMP-ből. 1978–1991 között a Magyar Televízió szegedi stúdiójának szerkesztő-riportere volt.

1985–1994 között országgyűlési képviselő volt. Az 1990-es választásokon Csongrád megye 2-es számú egyéni választási körzetéből nyert mandátumot és a május 2-án alakult parlamentben az MDF frakciójához csatlakozott, ahonnét négy héttel később, május 30-án kilépett és a ciklusból hátralévő négy évet függetlenként töltötte, mialatt csatlakozott az MSZDP-hez.

1991-ben a HT Press ügyvezető igazgatója volt. 1985–1990 között a településfejlesztési és környezetvédelmi bizottság, 1989–1990 között pedig az ügyrendi bizottság tagja volt. 1989-ben megalapította az Ellenzéki Demokraták képviselőcsoportot. 1992-ben az Impress–R Marketing Bt. ügyvezetője volt. 1992–1993 között a Szociáldemokrata Néppárt ügyvivője volt. 1994-től egy szegedi sportszerbolt társtulajdonosa lett. 1990. május–június között, valamint 1992–1994 között a külügyi bizottság tagja volt. 1994-ig a MÚOSZ elnökségi tagja volt. 1994-ben MSZDP-s, 1998 MSZP-s képviselőjelölt volt. 1993–1994 között az MSZDP elnöke, 1997–2001 között az MSZP tagja volt.

Később, nyugdíjasként biztonsági őr lett, és a kétharmados parlamentet a pártállamhoz hasonlította (2014).

Kitüntetések
 Aranykoszorús KISZ-jelvény
 Szocialista Kultúráért

Jegyzetek

Források
 Hermann Péter: Ki kicsoda 2002 CD-ROM, Biográf Kiadó

 Tévékönyv 1985

További információk
 Választás.hu
 Elek István: Rendszerváltoztatók húsz év után, Magyar Rádió Zrt. és Heti Válasz Lap- és Könyvkiadó Kft., 2009. (Interjú, p. 170–177.)
 A nép borítékolt szava. Levelek Király Zoltán és Südi Bertalan képviselőkhöz; összeáll., bev. Dlusztus Imre; Rakéta, Bp., 1989
 Kizárt a párt. Bihari Mihály, Bíró Zoltán, Lengyel László, Király Zoltán; riporter Ács Zoltán; Primo, Bp., 1989
 Király Zoltán: Azok a daliás idők. Mediacom Kft., Bp. 2010 + DVD

Magyar újságírók
Magyar pedagógusok
Kiskunfélegyháziak
Az MDF korábbi tagjai
Az MSZMP korábbi tagjai
Az MSZDP korábbi tagjai
Az MSZP korábbi tagjai
Országgyűlési képviselők (MDF)
Országgyűlési képviselők (1985–1990)
Országgyűlési képviselők (1990–1994)
1948-ban született személyek
Magyar rádiósok, televíziósok
Élő személyek


Recognizing Corporate Bankruptcy Red Flags: Wave Systems Corp.
In the fast growing internet security industry, hackers and cybercriminals weren't the biggest threats facing Wave Systems Corp.
Despite increasing demand for cybersecurity solutions, lackluster market performance resulted in heavy losses and insufficient working capital to fund operations. The internet security hardware manufacturer filed for bankruptcy on February 1, 2016.
Wave's downward spiral toward business failure shows a pattern of early financial warning signs that's typical of many public companies, and the lessons from this bankruptcy can be applied to many other troubled companies.
An analysis of the financial data shows that financial distress began well before 2014, but the red flags accelerated in the year leading up to bankruptcy.
By September, 2014, multiple indicators of financial health -- operating margin, cash flow, working capital, and more -- were deeply in the red. In December of that year, extremely weak liquidity ratios flashed major warning signs as well.
Investors woke up to the depth of the company's financial problems in June and July of 2015. As a result, Wave's stock prices fell 98 percent, earning the firm a notice of noncompliance from NASDAQ, its listing exchange. In that same month, the MD&A revealed radical restructuring plans due to a serious capital crunch.
By September 2015, 100 percent of Wave's debt was reclassified as short-term debt. Reclassifying all of its outstanding debt as a current liability is often the result of violations of long-term debt covenants and typically a precursor to bankruptcy.
By November, the company was unable to file a timely 10Q due to insufficient accounting resources. Other early warning signs included: a bottom quartile financial performance in comparison to industry peers, inability to generate positive returns, and a FRISK® Score deep in the red zone.
The Altman Z-Score signaled trouble in 2013. Were this early sign heeded, payment terms could have been tightened too early, missing important sales opportunities.
To track deepening financial risk, a predictive bankruptcy score like the FRISK® score can provide more timely insight. When the FRISK® financial risk score finally signals extreme financial distress, it allows you to take mitigating action without being too restrictive, too early to be useful.
Wave's FRISK® financial risk score deteriorated leading up to bankruptcy, finally sliding from a "3" to a "2" in September 2015, 5 months before filing.
Business conditions change quickly; it's important to dig into new financial statements as they become available, to track important metrics like profitability, cash flow and liquidity, and watch for key financial ratios that continue to trend down quarter after quarter.
It's also essential to watch for rating agency downgrades, sharply declining market cap, and company financial results that consistently lag peers. These are all troubling signs that suggest further scrutiny.
A predictive financial risk score can provide a reliable warning of deteriorating financial health, which allows you to mitigate increasing credit risks in a timely manner.
To see how the bankruptcy timeline unfolded for this public company, and to see the entire collection of warning signs to watch for, download the Wave Systems Corp. bankruptcy case study.


text:
How to Maximize Your Content — Whiteboard Friday
The author's views are entirely his or her own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz.
In today's episode, content marketing expert Ross Simmonds walks you through the content life cycle, and how you can use it to ensure that the content that you're developing quarter after quarter, month after month, year after year, is actually maximized for ROI, results, and impact.
Click on the whiteboard image above to open a high resolution version in a new tab!
Howdy, Moz friends. It's Ross Simmonds from Foundation Marketing, and in this video I'm going to be talking to you about something that I care deeply about, how to maximize your content.
We've all produced content. You've probably just produced a piece of content within the last few days, the last few weeks, maybe last few months. You've prepared and developed pieces of content that you believe will serve your audience. Congratulations, you've taken a big step. This is a big step for you because you've created something. It's an amazing situation to be in. Not a lot of brands do it. So if you've done it, congratulations.
But what I want to talk about in this video is how you can ensure that the content that you're creating, the content that you're producing, the content that your team is developing quarter after quarter, month after month, year after year is actually maximized for ROI, maximized for result and impact.
The lifecycle of content
So let's talk through the life cycle of content, how you can ensure that the content that you're producing is actually going to drive results, and how you can set your team up for success to leverage that content consistently so you are impacting your audience in a meaningful way.
So how do you start all of this? You start pre-launch. Before you press Publish on a piece of content, before you launch that landing page, before you roll out a series of new landing pages, before you roll out a handful of comparison pages between your product and the next, landing pages that are going to educate people on keywords related to your industry, before you do any of that, you have to do research. You have to research your audience. You have to understand the intent behind the things that they're typing into Google. You need to understand the problems and the pains that they're trying to solve.
You need to invest time in researching the channels that your audience are spending the most time on. Why? Because what you're going to do is not take the typical approach of pressing Publish on pieces of content, giving yourselves pats on the back, and calling it a day. No, you're going to embrace this model, a model where you are actually going to distribute your content in channels where your audience is spending time, and you're going to maximize the ROI out of your content because of that.
But first, you have to create content with intent. You have to understand the intent of the assets that you're creating. You don't write blog posts for the sake of writing blog posts. Somewhere along the lines, we've gotten into this trap where marketers have kind of thought, oh, all content just needs to be published. If you press Publish on content, the world will be yours.
That's not enough. You need to have, with your content, clear intent. You have to know exactly why you're creating these assets. When you do that and you root it in research, then you're ready to launch. You're ready to launch a piece of content that you believe is going to resonate with your audience. You're going to launch that piece, and you're going to be excited about it, and you should be. This is an amazing moment.
But the next thing you do, after you press Publish on that piece of content, is typically what's going to make or break that asset. It's what's going to determine if your content soars or if your content flops. Typically, what people do is they just share them on channels that they own, and then, yes, it tends to flop.
Understand your distribution channels
What is this? What does this mean? Money channels. Money channels are one of the four different types of channels that you can distribute your content on.
There are four different channels that every brand should be able to understand and map out as it relates to the places in which they distribute their stories, their content, and the way in which that they distribute that content after it goes live. We have money channels, we have rocket channels, we have ghost channels, and we have questionable channels. What are each of these channels?
So when you look at this entire grid, you see audience fit and competition. In channels where you have high audience fit, high competition, we consider those money channels. What does that mean? It means your competition is already there. Your competition has identified that this is a channel where they too can generate revenue. They too can generate ROI. It's also high audience fit. If your audience is there, your audience is spending a lot of time on this channel, this is a money channel. It's a channel that you probably already own.
Maybe you're on LinkedIn because you're in B2B. Maybe you're on Instagram because you're in B2C. You know, with confidence, on these money channels, that every single time you distribute your stories, every single time you distribute your content, you're going to see an impact, you're going to see ROI, and you want to leverage these as much as possible.
Then we have our rocket channels. Rocket channels also have high audience fit. These are channels where your audience is spending a ton of time. These are channels where you want to be because you know that your audience is there. But it has low competition. Shh, don't tell anyone. These are the channels that you don't want your competitors to know about, because your competitors don't realize your audience is spending a lot of time on these channels. To the rest of the world, they might seem very risky. Ooh, you're using Reddit. Ooh, you're leveraging Facebook groups. This is a very risky channel.
What they don't know is that all of your audience is there. So it's a money channel. I mean, it's a rocket channel. A money channel would be if your competitors are there. If your competitors aren't there, then it's a rocket channel. These are my favorite. I love rocket channels because it means that there's not a lot of competition, which means that your content and the stories that you produce might be, for a short period of time, the only stories and assets on this topic and in your niche that your audience is getting exposure to. If they're doing that and they're getting exposed to your brand consistently, you're building a true brand connection with an audience that really wants your content. So that's what you want in a rocket channel.
Then you have low competition and low audience fit channels. What are those? Those are essentially ghost channels. Nobody is there. Your competition isn't there. Your audience isn't there. It makes absolutely no sense for you to leverage these channels. It's okay for these channels to exist. They're going to happen in every single niche. Some people just aren't going to be leveraging a certain channel, and that's okay. You can ignore them. Don't go on them. It's all right. Avoid them at all costs.
But then, there are going to be some questionable channels that are actually going to just completely make you scratch your head. These are channels where your competition levels are very high. Tons of people are using this channel in terms of your competition, but no one is there as it relates to your audience. So it makes you scratch your head. Why are they there? Why is my competitor spending time on this channel?
That provides you with two insights. One, maybe you need to research and understand whether or not there's some real opportunity there that you're overlooking, or two, maybe you need to ask yourself, is this just some legacy efforts that are happening where your competitors are using this because it used to work in the past and they haven't caught onto the fact that it's no longer working. Those are the questions you need to ask.
Optimize your distribution engine
Now, once you have an understanding of that, once you have an understanding of money channels, rocket channels, ghost channels, and questionable channels, the next step is to ask yourself how you can leverage this information to create and optimize your distribution engine so you can really maximize that content.
Money channels
So you start to go to those money channels. You send that content out on the money channels that you own. This is typically where the life cycle of content distribution within most brands ends. We press Publish on a piece of content. We share it on Twitter. We share it on LinkedIn. We might even share it on Facebook. We'll send it out to our newsletter and the people who have subscribed to our list. That's it. We call it a day, and it's over.
That all happens typically within one week. Then we start the process all over again with new content, and we continue back and forth, back and forth, doing this cycle, just like it's Groundhog Day, instead of recognizing that there are plenty of other opportunities that you should be leveraging to maximize your content. Most brands just embrace this, money channels and that's it.
Rocket channels
What you're going to do is different. You're going to start to embrace rocket channels. You're going to start to think about how you can distribute your content in channels and in areas where your audience is spending time that your competition has overlooked. You want to ensure that you're spreading your content in sites, in communities, in forums, in newsletters, in sponsoring newsletters, in leveraging newsletters, leveraging in product opportunities. You want to be thinking strategically around how you can distribute your content in ways that your competitors are overlooking.
Maintain momentum
Then you want to maintain that momentum. We no longer are thinking about this in a short period of time. You're trying to maintain momentum, and you're launching this content over and over and over again. You're keeping the hype going as it relates to your content.
Then, you're going to start to experiment. You're going to experiment and try things that other people would say is too risky. You're going to try things that might not even take a lot of energy and a lot of time but could ultimately unlock for you a new opportunity. Maybe you're going to experiment by taking a blog post and turning it into something new. Maybe you're going to connect with an influencer and see if they'll talk about your content. Maybe you're going to send a DM to someone. Maybe you're going to experiment where you're going to run an internal campaign where your entire team is going to amplify a piece of content for 24 hours on social. Everyone is going to be encouraged and trained and taught how to leverage social to distribute that content, and you're going to make a splash. You're going to experiment.
There's no such thing as an idea that is too wild when you are embracing the experimentation status point in this engine and in this time frame. You want to experiment with your content.
Once you've done that, you'll want to start repurposing it. That blog post, that article, that essay that you created shouldn't live and die in just one format. It should be repurposed. Can you turn that blog post into a YouTube video? Can you turn that YouTube video into a podcast? Can you take clips of that YouTube video and then share 30-second clips on social, on LinkedIn, on Facebook, on Twitter, on TikTok, on all of these different channels?
How can you repurpose your content? Can you take that content and potentially turn it into a new infographic, a carousel, a story that is interactive? What can you do to repurpose your content so it doesn't solely exist in one format?
Once you start to do that, you might even turn it into something like a Twitter thread. You might find that one of those pieces of content that you repurposed takes a whole new life where it's generating more engagement, more dialogue, more stories, more narratives that ultimately give you the opportunity to connect with more people.
Reshare
You're also going to share that content. A lot of people, again, make that mistake. They share it once and then they call it a day. You're not going to do that. You have to recognize that the people who happen to be online on Monday at 3:00 p.m. aren't the same people who are online on Thursday at 6:00 a.m. in the morning. That is why resharing your content is important.
Even that same newsletter that you sent out two months ago, two weeks ago, and you plugged an article that you were so excited went live, guess what? Some people were on vacation. Some people didn't open it. Some people happened to be caught up in watching "PAW Patrol" at the time, and they didn't get a chance to see your content. That's an okay situation. You want to leverage that. Leverage that as an insight to understand why you should reshare your content because people are busy. Not everyone saw your piece of content as much as you would like to think on the day in which it went live. So reshare your content, repost it, and reshare it frequently.
Then, you're going to think about syndication opportunities. This is how you can scale your content consistently across a handful of different publications, a handful of different URLs that you know your audience is already subscribed to, that you know your audience is following and reading and consuming, and you want to syndicate your content through these channels.
Now, it can get very meta, because if you repurpose your content into a YouTube video, you can take that YouTube video and embed it directly into the blog post that is ultimately now being syndicated into one of these communities, and then you can reshare that piece. It all starts to work together. That is how you maximize your content.
Optimize and update
Now, at this point, you might be thinking, whoa, this is too much. I'm done. I can't continue. But I beg you to please continue because there's one more major step — optimizing that content. You want to optimize and update that content for two key reasons, one SEO, two, CRO.
You want to optimize this content so it is more likely to show up in search. If you created that content with intent and you had the intent of ranking for some keywords that are informational, or you had the intent of ranking for keywords that are going to be educational to your audience, you want to optimize it. You want to optimize that content based off of new trends and behaviors that you're seeing in the market. You're going to check out the SERP and see what new questions people also ask and update that content to reflect new insights and new information.
You want to make sure that you're optimizing and updating this content with new data, with new graphics, with the new assets that you might have already developed and you start to embed them in there. You might start to take graphics that you leveraged in a piece of content that you repurposed and start to update it with that as well so you can leverage Google images. You're going to put the YouTube video in there. Google and YouTube are in cahoots. Of course, they're all one entity. You want to leverage that to optimize and update your content on a regular basis.
This is maintenance mode. This is when, every 6 to 12 months, you are doing a refresh of your content. Why? Because you recognize the importance of maximizing your content. You recognize the idea that a piece of content shouldn't just live and die within the first week of being published. It's something that should be maximized. It's something that should be optimized, repurposed, syndicated, distributed, and leveraged so you can unlock rocket channels that will ultimately give your content the opportunity to go to the moon.
Thank you so much for checking out this Whiteboard Friday. I hope you enjoyed it. I'm Ross Simmonds, and I would be happy to connect with you on social. I'm @TheCoolestCool, and I would love to connect with you there. Take care.
Video transcription by Speechpad.com
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Details for: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
Publication details: United Kingdom; Pan Macmillan; 07 Jan 2011Description: 384 Pages; PaperbackISBN:
616.02 LAC
Summary: Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. Born a poor black tobacco farmer, her cancer cells - taken without her knowledge - became a multimillion-dollar industry and one of the most important tools in medicine. Yet Henrietta's family did not learn of her 'immortality' until more than twenty years after her death, with devastating consequences ...Balancing the beauty and drama of scientific discovery with dark questions about who owns the stuff our bodies are made of, "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" is an extraordinary journey in search of the soul and story of a real woman, whose cells live on today in all four corners of the world. "A fascinating, harrowing, necessary book". (Hilary Mantel, "Guardian"). "A heartbreaking account of racism and injustice". ("Metro"). "A fine book...a gripping read...The book has deservedly been a huge bestseller in the US. It should be here, too". ("Sunday Times").
Book Adult and Young Adult 15-17 Karachi Biography 616.02 LAC (Browse shelf(Opens below)) Available PKLC006394
Book Adult and Young Adult 15-17 Lahore Biography 616.02 LAC (Browse shelf(Opens below)) Available PKLC011088
Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. Born a poor black tobacco farmer, her cancer cells - taken without her knowledge - became a multimillion-dollar industry and one of the most important tools in medicine. Yet Henrietta's family did not learn of her 'immortality' until more than twenty years after her death, with devastating consequences ...Balancing the beauty and drama of scientific discovery with dark questions about who owns the stuff our bodies are made of, "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" is an extraordinary journey in search of the soul and story of a real woman, whose cells live on today in all four corners of the world. "A fascinating, harrowing, necessary book". (Hilary Mantel, "Guardian"). "A heartbreaking account of racism and injustice". ("Metro"). "A fine book...a gripping read...The book has deservedly been a huge bestseller in the US. It should be here, too". ("Sunday Times").