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Tag Archives: Do Vending Machines Affect Student Obesity?
U.S. Department of Agriculture 'School Wellness' guidelines
Moi has been following the school vending machine issue for a while. In Government is trying to control the vending machine choices of children, moi wrote:
The goal of this society should be to raise healthy and happy children who will grow into concerned and involved adults who care about their fellow citizens and environment. In order to accomplish this goal, all children must receive a good basic education and in order to achieve that goal, children must arrive at school, ready to learn. Ron Nixon reports in the New York Times article, New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines about the attempt to legislate healthier eating habits. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/us/politics/new-rules-planned-on-school-vending-machines.html?_r=1&hpw
There are studies about the effect of vending machine snacking and childhood obesity.
Katy Waldman wrote the Slate article, Do Vending Machines Affect Student Obesity?
Despite all the recent handwringing (even pearl clutching) over junk food in schools, a study out this month in the quarterly Sociology of Education found no link between student obesity rates and the school-wide sale of candy, chips, or sugary soda. The finding undermines efforts by policy makers to trim kids' waistlines by banning snacks from the classroom. And it must taste odd to the many doctors and scientists who see vending machines as accessories in the childhood obesity epidemic.
The study followed 19,450 fifth graders of both sexes for four years. At the beginning, 59 percent of the students went to schools that sold "competitive foods"—that is, non-cafeteria fare not reimbursable through federal meal programs. CFs tend to have higher sugar or fat content and lower nutritional value (think the indulgences at the top of the food pyramid, like Coke and Oreos). By the time the students reached eighth grade, 86 percent of them attended schools that sold competitive foods. The researchers, led by Pennsylvania State University's Jennifer Van Hook, then compared body mass indexes from the 19,450 students, including those who'd spent all four years in junk food-free environments, those who'd left such schools for vending machine-friendly ones, those who'd transferred from vending machine-friendly schools to junk food-free schools, and those who enjoyed access to vending machines for all four years. Regardless of which data sets they contrasted, the researchers were unable to find any sort of connection between obesity and the availability of "unhealthy" snacks in school. In other words, children who could theoretically grab a Snickers bar after class every day for four years were, on average, no heavier than those who couldn't.
While Van Hook speculated to the New York Times that the findings reflect our tendency to "establish food preferences… early in life," she also noted in her paper that middle schoolers' regimented schedules could prevent them from doing much unsupervised eating. (I guess that means that the students didn't have time to utilize the junk food options they had, which is an issue for another day). In any case, the takeaway is clear. You can't solve childhood obesity by outlawing vending machines. The obesity epidemic (if it is one) depends on a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Maybe a full-court press of school regulations plus zoning laws that encourage supermarkets to come to poor neighborhoods plus government subsidies for fruits and veggies plus crackdowns on fast food advertising plus fifty other adjustments would begin to make a dent in the problem. (Maybe a saner cultural attitude towards food, weight, and looks in general would also help). http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2012/01/24/junk_food_in_school_do_vending_machines_make_kids_fat_.html
https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/government-is-trying-to-control-the-vending-machine-choices-of-children/
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been studying the issue of snacks in schools.
Maria Godoy of NPR reported in the article, New Rules Would Curb How Kids Are Sold Junk Food At School:
If you want to teach kids to adopt healthier eating habits, it's probably unwise to give them coupons for fast food chains at school.
And those advertisements for sugary sodas on the gymnasium scoreboard? Seems like another mixed message schools are sending kids.
That's why the White House and U.S. Department of Agriculture proposed new school wellness guidelines Tuesday aimed at cracking down on the widespread marketing of less-than-nutritious foods to kids on campus during the school day. Even though 90 percent of school districts are now meeting the overhauled nutrition standards for school lunches, students are still being flooded with advertising for junk food in schools, according to first lady Michelle Obama.
"The idea here is simple: Our classrooms should be healthy places where kids aren't bombarded with ads for junk food," said Obama, who joined USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack to announce the guidelines. "Because when parents are working hard to teach their kids healthy habits at home, their work shouldn't be undone by unhealthy messages at school," she added in a statement….
Meanwhile, nearly two-thirds of elementary-school kids receive coupons for fast food at school through programs such as Pizza Hut's Book It! Program, which uses pizza as a reading incentive, according to a study published last month in JAMA Pediatrics.
The proposed rules would limit such exposure by allowing only ads and marketing in schools for foods that meet the Smart Snacks in Schools nutrition guidelines. Those standards, which are set to go in effect in the 2014-2015 school year, stem from the 2010 Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act. They aim to boost the healthfulness of foods sold through vending machines, snack bars and a la carte in cafeterias.
Under the stricter guidelines, vending machines branded with images of Coke or Pepsi's sugar-sweetened sodas would no longer be allowed in schools. Same goes for branding for sugary drinks and snacks on posters and cups.
The snack rules set limits for how much fat, sugar and sodium snacks can contain. But they only apply during the school day. So foods sold at after-school games, for instance, are exempt.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/25/282507974/new-rules-would-curb-how-kids-are-sold-junk-food-at-school?utm_medium=Email&utm_source=share&utm_campaign=
https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2014-04100.pdf
Here is the press release from the USDA:
Local School Wellness Policy
Each local educational agency that participates in the National School Lunch Program or other federal Child Nutrition programs is required by federal law to establish a local school wellness policy for all schools under its jurisdiction.
Local wellness policies are an important tool for parents, local educational agencies (LEAs) and school districts in promoting student wellness, preventing and reducing childhood obesity, and providing assurance that school meal nutrition guidelines meet the minimum federal school meal standards.
Wellness Policy – Helpful Links
Proposed Rule
http://www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/local-school-wellness-policy
Requirements http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/local-school-wellness-policy-requirements
http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/local-school-wellness-policy-workgroup-and-guidance
Local Process http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/local-process-how-develop-implement-and-evaluate-wellness-policy
Tools & Resources http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/implementation-tools-and-resources
Monitoring http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/local-school-wellness-policy-administrative-review-process
Funding a Wellness Policy
http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/funding-local-school-wellness-policy
Congress recognizes that schools play a critical role in promoting student health, preventing childhood obesity, and combating problems associated with poor nutrition and physical inactivity. In 2004, Congress passed the Child Nutrition and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Reauthorization Act (Sec. 204 of Public Law 108-205). This act required by law that all LEAs participating in the National School Lunch Program or other child nutrition programs create local school wellness policies by School Year 2006. The legislation places the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each LEA can be addressed.
In 2010, Congress passed the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (Sec. 204 of Public Law 111-296), and added new provisions for local school wellness policies related to implementation, evaluation, and publicly reporting on progress of local school wellness policies.
On February 26, the proposed rule for wellness policies was published in the Federal Register. Read more about it and comment before the public comment period closes on April 28, 2014.
Implementation Timeline
	As of School Year 2006-2007, all districts were required to establish a local school wellness policy.
	For School Year 2013-2014, LEAs are encouraged to continue reviewing and assessing their local wellness policies and implementing the new requirements. State agencies will be selecting between two options for the Administrative Review, and LEAs will be held accountable for local school wellness policy implementation, assessment, and public updates.
This portion of our site will continue to be updated to reflect the requirements of the 2010 law.
The issue of childhood obesity is complicated and there are probably many factors. If a child's family does not model healthy eating habits, it probably will be difficult to change the food preferences of the child. Our goal as a society should be:
A healthy child in a healthy family who attends a healthy school in a healthy neighborhood ©
University of Illinois Chicago study: Laws reducing availability of snacks are decreasing childhood obesity https://drwilda.com/2012/08/13/university-of-illinois-chicago-study-laws-reducing-availability-of-snacks-are-decreasing-childhood-obesity/
New emphasis on obesity: Possible unintended consequences, eating disorders
https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2012/01/29/new-emphasis-on-obesity-possible-unintended-consequences-eating-disorders/
Childhood obesity: Recess is being cut in low-income schools
https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/childhood-obesity-recess-is-being-cut-in-low-income-schools/
Dr. Wilda ©
https://drwilda.com/
Tags: Childhood Obesity, Do Vending Machines Affect Student Obesity?, Local School Wellness Policy, New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines:, New Rules Would Curb How Kids Are Sold Junk Food At School, NPR, Nutrition, Obesity, School Lunch, School Wellness, U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA, Vending Machines
U.S.D.A. has new rules for snacks in school vending machines
Moi has been following the school vending machine issue for awhile. In Government is trying to control the vending machine choices of children, moi wrote:
There have been studies about the effect of vending machine snacking and childhood obesity.
See, Rising Childhood Obesity and Vending Machines http://www.medicaladvices.net/Child_Health/rising-childhood-obesity-and-vending-machines-a14.html
Nirvi Shah writes in the Education Week article, Rules for School Vending Machines, Snacks Unveiled:
Long-awaited rules that regulate the fat, salt, sugar, and calories in snacks and vending machine foods sold in schools were finally released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture today.
The rules take effect during the 2014-15 school year. Nutrition advocates have been pressing the USDA to issue the rules this month. Any later, and they wouldn't have taken effect until the 2015-16 school year.
The new rules are the first update to school snack regulations since the 1970s. The existing rules only limited "foods of minimal nutritional value," which didn't keep candy bars, snack cakes, and sugary, vitamin-fortified sports drinks, from being regulated, said Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.
Despite some high hopes for the rules, which come on the heels of strict rules for school lunches, they won't completely wipe out sodas, chips, or sweets from schools. But they will make a dent.
"Millions of students currently have widespread access to snacks and beverages that are high in sugar, fat, and salt, but limited access to nutritious options such as fruits and vegetables in school stores, snack bars, and vending machines," said Jessica Donze Black, director of the Kids' Safe and Healthful Foods Project. "With many students consuming up to half of their daily calories at school, these new standards represent the kind of positive change we need to help reduce obesity rates among children and teens."
Many of the rules are adapted from those that were originally proposed by the agency, which received about 250,000 comments.
What happens if schools don't comply? Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said he hopes schools do, though there aren't explicit penalties if they don't, unlike rules for the school lunch and breakfast programs. http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/rulesforengagement/2013/06/rules_for_school_vending_machines_snacks_unveiled.html?intc=es
Here is the press release for the "Smart Snacks in Schools" rule:
Release No. 0134.13
USDA Office of Communications (202) 720-4623
Agriculture Secretary Vilsack Highlights New "Smart Snacks in School" Standards; Will Ensure School Vending Machines, Snack Bars Include Healthy Choices
WASHINGTON, June 27, 2013 – Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today announced that under USDA's new " Smart Snacks in School" nutrition standards, America's students will be offered healthier food options during the school day.
"Nothing is more important than the health and well-being of our children," said Secretary Vilsack. "Parents and schools work hard to give our youngsters the opportunity to grow up healthy and strong, and providing healthy options throughout school cafeterias, vending machines, and snack bars will support their great efforts."
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 requires USDA to establish nutrition standards for all foods sold in schools — beyond the federally-supported meals programs. The "Smart Snacks in School" nutrition standards, to be published this week in the Federal Register, reflect USDA's thoughtful consideration and response to the nearly 250,000 comments received on the proposal earlier this year.
"Smart Snacks in School" carefully balances science-based nutrition guidelines with practical and flexible solutions to promote healthier eating on campus, drawing on recommendations from the Institute of Medicine and existing voluntary standards already implemented by thousands of schools around the country, as well as healthy food and beverage offerings already available in the marketplace.
Highlights of the "Smart Snacks in School" nutrition standards include:
More of the foods we should encourage. Like the new school meals, the standards require healthier foods, more whole grains, low fat dairy, fruits, vegetables and leaner protein.
Less of the foods we should avoid. Food items are lower in fat, sugar, and sodium and provide more of the nutrients kids need.
Targeted standards. Allowing variation by age group for factors such as portion size and caffeine content.
Flexibility for important traditions. Preserving the ability for parents to send their kids to school with homemade lunches or treats for activities such as birthday parties, holidays, and other celebrations; and allowing schools to continue traditions like fundraisers and bake sales.
Ample time for implementation. Schools and food and beverage companies will have an entire school year to make the necessary changes, and USDA will offer training and technical assistance every step of the way.
Reasonable limitations on when and where the standards apply. Ensuring that standards only affect foods that are sold on school campus during the school day. Foods sold at afterschool sporting events or other activities will not be subject to these requirements.
Flexibility for state and local communities. Allowing significant local and regional autonomy by only establishing minimum requirements for schools. States and schools that have stronger standards than what is being proposed will be able to maintain their own policies.
USDA is focused on improving childhood nutrition and empowering families to make healthier food choices by providing science-based information and advice, while expanding the availability of healthy food.
America's students now have healthier and more nutritious school meals due to improved nutrition standards implemented as a result of the historic Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.
USDA's MyPlate symbol and the resources at ChooseMyPlate.gov provide quick, easy reference tools for parents, teachers, healthcare professionals and communities.
USDA launched a new $5 million Farm to School grant program in 2012 to increase the amount of healthy, local food in schools.
USDA awarded $5.2 million in grants to provide training and technical assistance for child nutrition foodservice professionals and support stronger school nutrition education programs.
Collectively these policies and actions will help combat child hunger and obesity and improve the health and nutrition of the nation's children; a top priority for the Obama Administration. The interim final rule announced today is an important component of First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! initiative to combat the challenge of childhood obesity.
Additional materials available:
High-resolution version info-graphic
TV Feature
Interim Final Rule
For more information on Smart Snacks in School, please visit http://www.usda.gov/healthierschoolday
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice), or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).
New emphasis on obesity: Possible unintended consequences, eating disorders https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2012/01/29/new-emphasis-on-obesity-possible-unintended-consequences-eating-disorders/
Childhood obesity: Recess is being cut in low-income schools https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/childhood-obesity-recess-is-being-cut-in-low-income-schools/
Tags: Childhood Obesity, childhood obesity epidemic, Do Vending Machines Affect Student Obesity?, environment, health, medicine, New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines:, Rising Childhood Obesity and Vending Machines, Rules for School Vending Machines, science, Smart Snacks in Schools, Snacks, Snacks Unveiled, USDA, Vending machines in schools
University of Illinois Chicago study: Laws reducing availability of snacks are decreasing childhood obesity
In Government is trying to control the vending machine choices of children, moi wrote:
Sabrina Tavernise reports in the New York Times article, Study Links Healthier Weight in Children With Strict Laws on School Snacks:
Adolescents in states with strict laws regulating the sale of snacks and sugary drinks in public schools gained less weight over a three-year period than those living in states with no such laws, a new study has found.
The study, published Monday in Pediatrics, found a strong association between healthier weight and tough state laws regulating food in vending machines, snack bars and other venues that were not part of the regular school meal programs. Such snacks and drinks are known as competitive foods, because they compete with school breakfasts and lunches.
The conclusions are likely to further stoke the debate over what will help reduce obesity rates, which have been rising drastically in the United States since the 1980s. So far, very little has proved effective and rates have remained stubbornly high. About a fifth of American children are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Public health experts have urged local and state governments to remove competitive foods from schools, and in recent years states have started to pass laws that restrict their sale, either banning them outright or setting limits on the amount of sugar, fat or calories they contain.
The study tracked weight changes for 6,300 students in 40 states between 2004 and 2007, following them from fifth to eighth grade. They used the results to compare weight change over time in states with no laws regulating such food against those in states with strong laws and those with weak laws.
Researchers used a legal database to analyze state laws. Strong laws were defined as those that set out detailed nutrition standards. Laws were weak if they merely offered recommendations about foods for sale, for example, saying they should be healthy but not providing specific guidelines.
The study stopped short of saying the stronger laws were directly responsible for the better outcomes. It concluded only that such outcomes tended to happen in states with stronger laws, but that the outcomes were not necessarily the result of those laws. However, researchers added that they controlled for a number of factors that would have influenced outcomes. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/13/health/research/study-links-healthy-weight-in-children-with-tough-snack-and-sugary-drinks-laws.html?adxnnl=1&hpw=&adxnnlx=1344831513-RqrlFbpz6Af4MAlHom/MHA
Here is the press release about the University of Illinois Chicago study:
Strong State Laws on School Snacks, Drinks May Help Prevent Weight Gain, New Study Finds
Children and teens in states with strong laws restricting the sale of unhealthy snack foods and beverages in school gained less weight over a three-year period than those living in states with no such policies, according to a study published by researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Additionally, students who were overweight or obese in fifth grade were less likely to remain so by the time they reached eighth grade if they lived in a state with a strong law than if they lived in a state with no such law.
The study will be published in the September 2012 issue of the journal Pediatrics. [LINK TO ABSTRACT]
To conduct the study, researchers examined state laws regarding what snack foods and beverages could be sold in schools outside of the federal school meals program. State laws requiring schools to only sell snacks that met specific nutrition standards were classified as "strong" policies. Policies were classified as "weak" if they merely recommended that schools make changes, or if they did not create specific nutritional guidelines, relying instead on general language about "healthy" foods.
Students exposed to strong snack food and beverage laws throughout the three years of the study had the smallest increases in body mass index (BMI), a ratio of height to weight. Those who were exposed to weaker laws over time saw the same change in their BMIs as did students living in states with no policies at all.
"Specific, consistent requirements about what types of snack foods and drinks can be sold at school seemed to have a direct impact on student weight," said Daniel Taber, a researcher at the UIC Institute for Health Research and Policy and lead author of the study. "This study definitely suggests that states can have an impact on student health when they enact effective school health policies."
Taber conducted this research as a co-investigator with Bridging the Gap, a research project funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF).
Many schools sell snacks and drinks in vending machines, school stores or cafeteria à la carte lines. These items are sometimes called "competitive foods" because they compete with school meals for students' spending. In recent years, states have begun to pass laws that prohibit schools from selling certain foods or drinks, or those that set limits for the fat, salt, sugar or calorie content of items. For instance, schools have begun to replace unhealthy items, such as sodas and candy, with healthier choices, such as low-fat milks and fruit.
Despite state action, today there is only a very limited national standard for snack foods and beverages in schools. Passed in 1979, the standard prohibits schools from selling things like candy or gum in the cafeteria during lunch. The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 enabled the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to update the standard so that it aligns with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, but the USDA has yet to do so.
This is the first longitudinal study to examine the impact of snack and drink policies on student weight using completely objective data. Similar past studies have used either self-reported height and weight, or interviews with school principals about policies, either of which could result in weaker evidence.
Taber and his colleagues at Bridging the Gap and the National Cancer Institute used several databases of state laws to analyze the strength of school snack policies. They scored each based on how specific it was and whether it required action from schools or merely made recommendations. To calculate student BMI, they used objective height and weight measurements from 6,300 students in 40 states. The measurements were done in the spring of 2004, when students were in fifth grade, and again in the spring of 2007, when they were in eighth grade.
Students exposed to strong laws in fifth grade gained an average of 0.25 fewer BMI units over three years than did students in states with no policies at all. That equates to roughly 1.25 fewer pounds for a child who was 5 feet tall and weighed 100 pounds. Students who lived in states with strong laws throughout the entire three-year period gained an average of 0.44 fewer BMI units than those in states with no policies, or roughly 2.25 fewer pounds for a 5-foot-tall, 100-pound child.
"It's encouraging to see that strong state laws can help students maintain healthier weights," said C. Tracy Orleans, PhD, senior scientist at RWJF. "However, because not all students live in states with effective policies, we need to make sure that we get a strong national policy in place."
Taber and his colleagues note that the laws that were most effective were those that set strong standards at both the elementary- and middle-school levels. Currently, many states have stronger laws at the elementary level than at middle school. Ensuring that students have healthy school environments as they age is likely to be effective in helping them stay healthy, the authors concluded.
Read the abstract of the study, "Weight Status Among Adolescents in States That Govern Competitive Food Nutrition Content."
The study was conducted as part of Bridging the Gap, a nationally recognized research program funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and dedicated to improving the understanding of how policies and environmental factors affect diet, physical activity and obesity among youth, as well as youth tobacco use. It is a joint project of the University of Illinois at Chicago's Institute for Health Research and Policy and the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. Learn more about Bridging the Gap research at www.bridgingthegapresearch.org.
This news release, written by Patty Hall [phall@rwjf.org], was adapted with permission of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, N.J. For more information about the foundation, visit www.rwjf.org.
Study: Fitter kids get better grades https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2012/08/04/study-fitter-kids-get-better-grades/
Report: Obesity is a public health issue https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2012/06/06/report-obesity-is-a-public-health-issue/
The Healthy Schools Coalition fights for school-based efforts to combat obesity https://drwilda.wordpress.com/2012/05/12/the-healthy-schools-coalition-fights-for-school-based-efforts-to-combat-obesity/
Tags: Childhood Obesity, Do Vending Machines Affect Student Obesity?, New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines:, Rising Childhood Obesity and Vending Machines, Strong State Laws on School Snacks Drinks May Help Prevent Weight Gain New Study Finds, Study Links Healthier Weight in Children With Strict Laws on School Snacks:
Government is trying to control the vending machine choices of children
The goal of this society should be to raise healthy and happy children who will grow into concerned and involved adults who care about their fellow citizens and environment. In order to accomplish this goal, all children must receive a good basic education and in order to achieve that goal, children must arrive at school, ready to learn. Ron Nixon reports in the New York Times article, New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines:
The government's attempt to reduce childhood obesity is moving from the school cafeteria to the vending machines.
The Obama administration is working on setting nutritional standards for foods that children can buy outside the cafeteria. With students eating 19 percent to 50 percent of their daily food at school, the administration says it wants to ensure that what they eat contributes to good health and smaller waistlines. The proposed rules are expected within the next few weeks.
Efforts to restrict the food that schoolchildren eat outside the lunchroom have long been controversial.
Representatives of the food and beverage industries argue that many of their products contribute to good nutrition and should not be banned. Schools say that overly restrictive rules, which could include banning the candy sold for school fund-raisers, risk the loss of substantial revenue that helps pay for sports, music and arts programs. A study by the National Academy of Sciences estimates that about $2.3 billion worth of snack foods and beverages are sold annually in schools nationwide.
Nutritionists say that school vending machines stocked with potato chips, cookies and sugary soft drinks contribute to childhood obesity, which has more than tripled in the past 30 years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that about one in every five children are obese.
No details of the proposed guidelines have been released, but health advocates and snack food and soft drink industry representatives predict that the rules will be similar to those for the government's school lunch program, which reduced amounts of sugar, salt and fat…..
But a study in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine released this month shows that despite industry efforts and those of others, snacking behavior among children remains largely unchanged. One reason is that healthier snacks were being offered alongside less nutritious offerings.
Between 2006 and 2010, the study found, about half of the schools had vending machines, stores and cafeterias that offered unhealthy foods.
The availability of high-fat foods in schools followed regional patterns. In the South, where rates of childhood obesity are the highest, less nutritious food was more prevalent. In the West, where childhood obesity rates are lower, high-fat food was not as common, the study found.
Health advocates say the study points to the need for national standards.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/us/politics/new-rules-planned-on-school-vending-machines.html?_r=1&hpw
While Van Hook speculated to the New York Times that the findings reflect our tendency to "establish food preferences… early in life," she also noted in her paper that middle schoolers' regimented schedules could prevent them from doing much unsupervised eating. (I guess that means that the students didn't have time to utilize the junk food options they had, which is an issue for another day). In any case, the takeaway is clear. You can't solve childhood obesity by outlawing vending machines. The obesity epidemic (if it is one) depends on a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Maybe a full-court press of school regulations plus zoning laws that encourage supermarkets to come to poor neighborhoods plus government subsidies for fruits and veggies plus crackdowns on fast food advertising plus fifty other adjustments would begin to make a dent in the problem. (Maybe a saner cultural attitude towards food, weight, and looks in general would also help).
http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2012/01/24/junk_food_in_school_do_vending_machines_make_kids_fat_.html
Tags: Childhood Obesity, Do Vending Machines Affect Student Obesity?, Healthy School Luches, New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines:, Nutrition, School Lunch Program, Vending Machines


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text:
Bryaspis es un género de plantas con flores con  tres especies perteneciente a la familia Fabaceae. Comprende 4 especies descritas y de estas, solo 3 aceptadas.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por Paul Auguste Duvigneaud y publicado en Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 86: 151. 1954.

Especies aceptadas
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Bryaspis aceptadas hasta abril de 2013, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos:
 Bryaspis humularioides Gledhill
 Bryaspis lupulina (Benth.) P.A.Duvign.
 Bryaspis psittacorhyncha (Webb) Govaerts

Referencias

Dalbergieae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Over at Mike Ash's blog, he's posted my first issue of "Tales From The Crash Mines". I'll be writing this as an intermittent series on the interesting bugs we've tracked down on iOS and Mac OS X, interpreting crash reports, and software failure analysis and crash reporting in general.
The first issue explores a pretty interesting and educational bug, with a focus on the methodologies we use to derive more data from a fairly tricky crash report, and in the process, reconstruct exactly how an application failed.
Check it out! If you prefer PDFs (or dead tree reading), I've also posted a nicely formatted PDF generated from the original LaTeX sources.


text:
Q: Ember.js Ajax call is not working as expected I am new to Ember.js framework.
I was trying to do a ajax call with from the Framework and not getting value as expected.
Below is the code in Page -
Link to first ajax call and it is working as expected.
{{#linkTo listemployee class="span3 btn btn-large btn-block"}}Employees{{/linkTo}}

Call data to populate the table -
App.ListemployeeRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
        setupController: function(controller) {
        $.getJSON('data/Tutorials.json', function(data) {
            controller.set('content',data);
        });
      }
    });

And the template for the data -

The above is working as expected.
But when I clicked to
{{#linkTo viewemployee item.name}}View{{/linkTo}}

for above section -
My Controller code is in App.js -
App.Router.map(function() {
      this.route("listemployee", { path: "/employees" });
      this.resource("viewemployee", {
        path: "/employees/:name"
      });
    });

And my ViewemployeeRoute is
App.ViewemployeeRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
      model: function(params) {
        return {name: params.name};
      },
      setupController: function(controller, model) {
        $.getJSON('data/Tutorials.json', function(data) {
            data.forEach(function(item){
                if(item.name === model.name)
                {
                    var tabledata = '

Name	'+item.name+'

Address	'+item.address+'

Phone	'+item.phone+'

';
                    $('#employeetable').html(tabledata);
                    controller.set('content',item);
                }
            });
        });
      }
    });

and my template code is -

The Problem -
The data for the employee is not coming when I am clicking on the View Link for first time.
But when I refresh the page, the data is coming as expected.
I think the problem is, when I click on the View link the response from ajax is coming later after page rendering.
So, what should I do in code, so that I have the Employee Related Details on clicking the View link?
Appreciate any help in this regard.
Thanks.
Update 2 after trying from the answer. But still the same result is coming.
I have changed My app.js as follows -
App.ListemployeeRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
        model: function() {
            return App.Employee.findAll();
        }
    });

    App.ViewemployeeRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
      model: function(params) {
        return App.Employee.find(params);
      }
    });

    App.Employee.reopenClass({
      findAll: function() {
        var result = Ember.ArrayProxy.create({content: []});
        var self = this;
        $.ajax({
          url: 'data/Tutorials.json',
          type: 'GET',
          success: function(data, textStatus, xhr) {
            result.set('content', data);
          },
          error: function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
            alert('error');
          }
        });
        return result;
      },
      find: function(params) {
        var result = Ember.Object.create({content: null});
        var self = this;
        $.ajax({
          url: 'data/Tutorials.json',
          type: 'GET',
          success: function(data, textStatus, xhr) {
                data.forEach(function(item){
                    if(item.name === params.name)
                    {
                        result.set('content', item);
                    }
                });
            },
          error: function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
            alert('not found');
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
    });

And the my data file is -
[
    {
        "name": "John",
        "address": "John's Home",
        "phone": "John's Phone"
    },
    {
        "name": "Harry",
        "address": "Harry's Home",
        "phone": "Harry's Phone"
    },
    {
        "name": "Tom",
        "address": "Tom's Home",
        "phone": "Tom's Phone"
    }
]

we can find the work here -
http://www.phloxblog.in/ember-crud-ajax/

A: When you click on the view and pass a model via the #linkTo the model part of your route is not executed as it already knows the model.
Also, as a general rule, it's better to do the ajax calls in the model, not in the route.
App.ProjectsIndexRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
  model: function() {
    return App.Project.findAll();
  }
});

App.Project.reopenClass({
  findAll: function() {
    var result = Ember.ArrayProxy.create({content: []});
    var self = this;
    $.ajax({
      url: '/projects.json',
      type: 'GET',
      data: {'user_id': App.currentUser.id},
      success: function(data, textStatus, xhr) {
        result.set('content', data.projects);
      },
      error: function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
        alert('error');
      }
    });

    return result;
  },

  find: function(project_id) {
    var result = Ember.Object.create({content: null, isLoaded: false});
    var self = this;
    $.ajax({
      url: '/projects/' + project_id + '.json',
      type: 'GET',
      success: function(data, textStatus, xhr) {
        result.setProperties(data.project);
        result.set('isLoaded', true);
      },
      error: function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
        alert('not found');
      }
    });

    return result;
  }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We wanted hoverboards. Instead, we got music videos directed in real time by fans of Bacardi through Instagram. OK, fine.
Instagram recently rolled out IGTV, a platform for uploading and watching long-form vertical content, accessible via Instagram or a new standalone IGTV app. And, of course, brands want in.
Early to the game is Bacardi, which is teaming up with Grammy-nominated DJ A-Trak and Les Twins (winners of 2017's World of Dance, and who have performed with Beyoncé, Missy, and Meghan Trainor, among others) to produce a music video that is directed by fans. The project was developed and coordinated by Bacardi agency BBDO New York.
This Friday, June 29, fans following @officialLesTwins will be able to use Instagram polls to vote on different parts of the video—like locations, choreography, lighting, camera angles. Once the results are complete, Les Twins will use the fan selections to create a full-length video on IGTV. There are reportedly 1,024 possibilities for how the video could come together as the brothers take their dance moves across New York City.
Given how new the platform is, Bacardi and BBDO New York are eager to see the potential of IGTV first-hand.


text:
module UsersHelper

  #Returns gravatar images for user emails
  def gravatar_for(user, options={size: 120})
    if !user.email.nil?
      gravatar_id = Digest::MD5::hexdigest(user.email)
      size = options[:size]
      gravatar_url = "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/#{gravatar_id}?s=#{size}"
      image_tag(gravatar_url, alt: user.name, class: "gravatar")
    end
  end

  #Returns gravatar images url
  def gravatar_url(user, options={size:120})
    if !user.email.nil?
      gravatar_id = Digest::MD5::hexdigest(user.email)
      size = options[:size]
      gravatar_url = "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/#{gravatar_id}?s=#{size}"
      gravatar_url
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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[India], Jan 9 (ANI): In the wake of the upcoming Kumbh Mela at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh police will keep a strong vigil and monitor the areas adjoining the banks of river Ganges and its tributaries.
"As per the order by the Director General of Police (DGP) to all the senior police officials in all the districts, it has been instructed to ensure that any sort of illegal industrial activity or waste should not be discharged into Ganges and its tributaries including Yamuna," said Praveen Kumar, Inspector General (Law & Order), Uttar-Pradesh Police.
The official informed that Police, Industry Department, Environment Department, and District Magistrate will work in coordination to ensure that river Ganges remains clean during the Kumbh Mela when million take a dip into the holy river.
"If any industry or other units is found to be discharging illegal waste then strict legal action would be taken against them," he said.
Elaborate security arrangements have been made for the Kumbh Mela at Prayagraj, with intelligence agencies, central police forces, and contingents of civil police been deployed tactfully to work in a coordinated manner, informed the official. Also, the administration is taking help of Non-Government Organisations (NGO's) and citizens in maintaining law and order.
"There is an integrated approach to the security and all dimensions of security are looked into and duly worked upon. Anti Terrorist Squad (ATS) of UP Police, Special Task Force (STF) and police personnel for Anti-Sabotage Checks have all been deployed to ensure security," said IG.


Gorgeous house in a residential complex, located next to the Kosutnjak forest. House consist of large living room with fireplace, dining room, closed kitchen, and toilet. Two upper levels have several bedrooms and bathrooms. Basement area has laundry room, storage room, sauna and garage place. It comes with small back yard.


text:
Q: I found build input file error "OIDExternalUserAgentIOSCustomBrowser.m" while running react native project on xcode 13 In react native project, on build i am getting the error

Build input file cannot be found

this is the file: "OIDExternalUserAgentIOSCustomBrowser.m" on Xcode 13, (Mac M1). I don't have this file in my file folder location.
Do i have to include this file? if yes, then from where i can find it and if no, what can be the alternate possible solution?
some of the details

*

*expo version 4.2.1

*pod version 1.11.3


The Xbox 360 is one of the bestselling gaming consoles in the world. It's capable of producing some of the crispest graphics, the best sound, HD graphics and much, much more. However, it's also plagued by problems. The 3 red light (Red Ring of Death) may be the best-known error, but there are several others that can ruin your gaming enjoyment. The 2 red light error is also one of the most frequently reported errors with console.
What Do the 2 Red Lights Mean?
The 2 red light error is indicated by the two left lights (in vertical alignment) on the Ring of Light turning red and flashing repeatedly. This is a specific error code, with a known cause. In fact, this is one of the few instances when Microsoft's documentation will actually tell you what is wrong. The 2 red light error is due to overheating. Most of the Xbox's errors can be trace to overheating problems, but this instance is one of the only cases where you can be certain, immediately.
The Xbox is capable of producing enormous amounts of heat. However, Microsoft's unconventional design has increased the console's propensity to create system-damaging heat. In addition, the use of inferior thermal compound, a lacking heat sink mounting method and heat sinks of insufficient size for heat dissipation also add to the problem. To top the entire situation off, the lead-free solder used to hold the GPU, CPU and RAM into the motherboard is the incorrect type for the situation. This type of solder is incapable of sustaining the type of heat levels generated by normal console operation. This leads to hairline fractures in the solder.
As the heat generated by the console increases, the motherboard flexes, as with any other device, such as a computer. This flexing forces the cracks in the solder apart, disrupting the flow of electricity. In extreme cases, the GPU or CPU can actually be pushed out of the mounting in the motherboard.
While the abovementioned conditions contribute to the 3 red light error and the 1 red light error, the 2 red light error can have other causes, as well. As mentioned, the Xbox creates tremendous amounts of heat. If the ventilation of the system is blocked, the console is placed on top of another device that generates heat or any one of a number of other criteria is met, the Xbox can overheat.
The high incidence of overheating consoles has lead to a number of radical remedies. Many of these hold the potential for benefit. However, some of these remedies can damage your console further. For instance, any remedy that states you should cool your console in the freezer or refrigerator should be avoided. These methods can damage the Xbox beyond repair.
If you have a warranty on your Xbox 360, it is highly recommended that you use it. Return the console to Microsoft for repair or replacement. This will help you save money, as well as keep the warranty intact. Removing the case of your Xbox voids the warranty completely.
Can I Repair the Xbox?
If you do not have a warranty, or have chosen to void your warranty, you can repair your Xbox at home. The best option for a long-lived repair solution is to replace the thermal protective compound applied to the GPU and CPU chips. To do this, you will need to remove the hard drive and all peripherals. Next, you will need to remove the case, followed by the X-Clamps holding the heat sinks in place (the motherboard must be out of the case for this). Clean the thermal compound residue from the underside of the heat sinks, as well as from the top of the GPU and CPU chip. Replace the old compound with the correct thermal protective compound. Finally, you may consider modifying the X-clamp method to help dissipate heat more evenly. Reassemble the Xbox and you should have a functional console.
Copyright © 2008 Xbox Repair Guide.


text:
The Sweet Burden: Constructing and Contesting Druze Heritage and Identity in Lebanon
Chad Kassem Radwan
Kevin A. Yelvington, Ph.D.
Elizabeth Aranda, Ph.D.
Abdelwahab Hechiche, Ph.D.
Antoinette Jackson, Ph.D.
John Napora, Ph.D.
preservation, discursive approach, educational resources, reincarnation
This dissertation research examines how shared aspects of identity are constructed among the Druze in Lebanon and how it contributes to conceptualizations of heritage. Assessing the educational resources focused on aspects of Druze heritage, the barriers to cultural preservation were elucidated. Utilizing a number of qualitative research methods, participants' feedback constructed a narrative that considers what they believe to be at risk for their community. These issues included addressing a perceived knowledge gap wherein the majority of Druze expressed a need to expand the educational resources in their community. Participants defined the kinds of resources and social supports that are lacking and explained how existing texts, lectures, and seminars should be improved, increased, and made more accessible.
This dissertation is a result of ethnographic fieldwork which I conducted throughout 2014. Having lived in the town of Aley, Lebanon, I conducted research interviews with individuals that represented a broad spectrum of society, taking into account women and men of different ages with diverse social, economic, and educational backgrounds. Through participant observation, I shared many of the daily experiences of research participants and observed the Druze in their regular lives, their social gatherings, and at sites of historical significance.
Using a political economic theoretical framework, this research also explored the diversity of ways in which social phenomena are contested among the Druze in Lebanon. While much of the anthropological and social science research on heritage focuses on its material components, utilizing pre-established models that conflate heritage with tangible symbolic expressions, a political economic approach insists that the context of social structures are taken into account. This also lends itself to a conceptualization of heritage as a process by which individuals create meaning in their lives, which are shaped by social contexts such as history and contemporary culture. This research highlights the fact that a priori models that fail to consider both social structures and the fundamental perspectives of participants are based upon ideologies that lack a critical academic lens.
This dissertation demonstrates that while Druze particularism often necessitated a level of conformity and ascription to traditional values, the diversity of individual approaches to shared identity contributed to the plasticity of cultural forms and varieties of self-expression. As well, expanded and improved educational resources that encourage individuals to learn more about their history and the basic tenets of their faith were widely seen as a valued means of ensuring the society's continuation.
Radwan, Chad Kassem, "The Sweet Burden: Constructing and Contesting Druze Heritage and Identity in Lebanon" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Since I've complained about the price/performance and lack of choice in wired Internet Broadband here extensively, I thought I'd include a link to a blog post I wrote earlier and posted on my primarily technology blog, where I hope more of the tech community will read and write their own.
If you are even vaguely committed to using the Internet in the future in the United States, you should read the blog, watch the video, and submit your own comments to the FCC. I'd hope they are against the proposal, but I'd rather have contrary comments that disagree with my opinion, than apathy.


text:
Ghost Hunters Live makes a stop in Reading
Reading Eagle: Ben Hasty
Steve Gonsalves, right, discusses paranormal activity during an appearance at the Santander Performing Arts Center. At left is his fellow ghost hunter, Jason Hawes.
By Tracy Rasmussen |
PUBLISHED: October 16, 2014 at 1:00 a.m. | UPDATED: August 19, 2021 at 6:54 a.m.
Steve Gonsalves ain't afraid of no ghost but sometimes his interactions with clients can be a little frightening.
"You just don't know what you're walking into," said one of the stars of the SyFy hit series "Ghost Hunters." "We have gotten into some sticky situations with clients and homeowners."
You'll likely hear stories of those encounters as well as see behind-the-scenes footage when Gonsalves and fellow ghost hunter Jason Hawes appear at the Santander Performing Arts Center on Sunday at 7 p.m. Tickets are $25 through $55, which includes a preshow meet and greet.
While some of the clients might be difficult, Gonsalves said the fans and the ghosts make it all worth it.
"People recognize me," he said. "And sometimes it's OK. It's really OK with bartenders who will buy a drink, but every once in a while I hear, 'Are you that guy… ?'"
And, since "Ghost Hunters" is now taping its 10th season, he takes that opportunity to have a little fun with fans.
"I was in Virginia, and all these people are taking my picture and (the clerk in the store) asked if she should know who I am, and I told her I was the governor of Virginia," he said, laughing.
When he admitted to the joke, the clerk said that she didn't think Gonsalves, with his many horror film tattoos, looked like a governor.
"It's good to have a little fun," he said.
And believe it or not, a combination of a zest for life, fun and curiosity is what led him to join The Atlantic Paranormal Society, or TAPS, more than a decade ago, and to spend time in the dark looking for things that scare the average citizen.
"'Ghostbusters' is my favorite movie of all time, and it really intrigued me," he said. "And I just wanted to be them. And then I got hooked on horror movies. I wanted to see how I could investigate all that."
So that's what he did.
A few years ago, when they decided to do a speaking tour, it was really just as a way to further educate the public on the paranormal and what TAPS does.
Gonsalves said what will be most surprising about the event is the amount of laughter generated.
"We have a presentation that we show, and it goes through a lot of different stuff," he said. "We show audio and video (of paranormal activity), and we tell stories from our cases. When we started, we thought this would be just educational, but people just laugh hysterically, so I guess we're funny together, too."
You can see hints of it when the two work together on the show, but the subject matter is more often creepy than comedic on "Ghost Hunters."
"The public likes to be scared," he said. "And one of the best things I hear is that families watch it together. I hear a lot that parents say they don't have much in common with their kids, but every Wednesday night they'll sit there and sip wine and the kids will eat popcorn and it's just awesome."
Gonsalves said the season that began airing last week will bring the Ghost Hunters back to their roots in a lot of ways.
"We made an extra effort to go to private residences," he said. "We go into people's homes and really help families. I remember one case where the whole family is in the living room and they are sobbing and thanking us. We have a lot of emotional investigations like that coming up."
The paranormal stepped up its game, too.
"We have some of the best evidence that we've ever caught," Gonsalves said. "We've got some great thermal evidence, which we don't always get, so that's exciting. And it's possible that we even got a full-bodied figure, and we've never really caught that before."
He said he really enjoyed filming these cases because helping people understand and not fear the paranormal is an important part of his work.
"I've been startled," he said, "but never really scared. I like the dark. And while we're all in this to have our own experience, when you boil it down, we really just want to help families learn to deal with it."
Email Tracy Rasmussen: weekend@readingeagle.com.
Tracy Rasmussen


PS 48 student independently discovers that her school helped save Drake Cemetery from destruction in the 1960s.
Engage students in authentic, hands on historical research aligned to literacy and social studies standards. Teaching social studies revolving around the HPSBG concepts and the Joseph Rodman Drake Park, namesake of PS 48. Always in development, here are some exemplary literacy and social studies activities revolving around the Project's major educational themes.
Note: you can use lessons developed by the New York State Social Studies Core Curriculum or the New York City Social Studies Scope and Sequence as a framework and/or model for our local curriculum. The National Archives has resources for using primary sources in the classroom, including tips on introducing documents to students and graphic organizers for assisting students in learning information from the documents. These can be used to aid lesson development. Additionally, check out available hard copy resources in the PS 48 Hunts Point Slave Burial Ground Learning Center.
Activating Prior Knowledge This lesson is a pre-assessment to measure how much information students currently believe that they know about the neighborhood, as well as looking for a hook to the historical underpinnings of the HPSBG Project.
Using Historic Newspapers Students learn how to analyze a newspaper account to learn information about a historical time period, as well as ask questions that leads to further investigation.
Using Primary Source Documents This lesson introduces students to strategies for investigating primary source documents by using critical HPSBG documents, such as historic photographs, maps, and census data.
History of Hunts Point for the Primary Grades Students will work and travel in small "student research groups" to analyze various historic Hunts Point images. They will collect "research notes" at each "research station." This lesson culminates in a class history book.
Drake Cemetery Initial Field Investigation Use this field experience data gathering sheet at Joseph Rodman Drake Park in order to develop observational and analytical skills while developing social studies and science content and vocabulary related to HPSBG.
Discovering the Site Investigation Students engage in an online or offline investigation of critical documents, making connections between information learned in photos, historical texts, maps and census records, with a final project where they "prepare their findings" to share with the local community.
Remember the Forgotten Community Gathering This is actually a exemplar in gathering community stewards together of all ages for a common cause. As en educator, developing a commemoration ceremony involves having students research who to conduct outreach with, who to recruit to volunteer their time, how to connect media and social networks, and so on. These are all learning opportunities that connect literacy with social activism for a real world purpose.
Investigating Cemetery Headstones Students will learn how to conduct an inventory of the headstones in Drake Park. This will include geologic investigations (science), document each gravestone through photographs (literacy, technology and art), mapping their locations (literacy, mathematics, geography, technology), and transcribe what it located on the inscriptions (literacy, art). the headstones and lives of those buried in the Drake Cemetery. This unit is based on the Spring 2016 PS 48 after school program for English Language Learners (ELLs).
Developing a Park Needs-Assessment Students engage in activities in Drake Park that focus on assessing the existing amenities in their local park, and drawing up recommendations for park improvements. The needs-assessment culminates in students using graph paper (4 piece of 8.5" x 11" grid paper stitched together to create a large rectangle) to independently and collaboratively re-design that park based on their recommendations. The results are then shared with NYC Parks through the development of a video that advocates for their improvements. New Yorkers for Parks has developed a great resource for teaching youth to advocate for their local parks that is very useful.
Student recommendations for Spring 2017 included trash cans, park benches, picnic tables, playground equipment, a podium and/or stage for presentations and movies, memorial for HPSBG, dog waste baggies, water fountains, 'curb your dog' signs, and a bathroom.
How Can I Improve My Park? This resource was developed by New Yorkers for Parks to empower youth to be advocated for their communities, to use their voice, and improve the parklands around them.
NYC Landmarks Preservation Lesson Students learn about the process for protecting and preserving sites of historical and cultural significance for New York City's heritage. Additionally students become civically engaged advocates by participating in developing the actual application process.
Return to HPSBG Curriculum Homepage.


Presto! Like magic, it's gone!!!
I don't want to rag on this – plenty of naysayers will do that in fulsome manners, I reckon. But I really do have to wonder why there was an elaborate pre-rollout without first knowing that the systems did indeed work. Bizarre.
Deans planned to introduce a motion at transit commission on June 20 asking OC Transpo to reinstate the EcoPass program for one year. The discounted payroll reduction transit passes were cancelled, along with student passes for college students over age 19, to align Ottawa's transit fares with the categories Metrolinx uses in Toronto, because users will be able to use the cards wherever Presto is in use.
I want to know what the huge technological problem is. Proximity payment is not a new technology by a long shot.
What kind of incompetent fools are running the project?


text:
fou un pilot de bob estatunidenc que va competir durant la dècada de 1950.

El 1956 va prendre part en els Jocs Olímpics d'Hivern de Cortina d'Ampezzo, on disputà les dues proves del programa de bob. Guanyà la medalla de bronze en la prova del bobs a quatre fent equip amb William Dodge, Charles Butler i James Lamy, mentre en la de bob a dos fou sisè. En el seu palmarès també destaquen una medalla d'or, una de plata i dues de bronze al Campionat del món de bob.

Referències

Medallistes als Jocs Olímpics d'hivern de 1956
Corredors de bobsleigh estatunidencs
Esportistes de l'estat de Nova York
Alumnes de la Universitat de Michigan
Morts a Nevada
Naixements del 1915


text:
Q: Image gallery loading images from an external server I am trying to make a php image gallery where the script has to the following things:

*

*Connect to external server (http/ftp)

*scan directory "highres"

*load images from directory "lowres" with same image name.

*save low-res images on local folder

*Show low-res images in gallery

*Download button for the high-res image

Can anyone point me into the right direction cause i dont know where to start.

A: Take a look at FTP with PHP and start with reading out the files in the Folder FTP Documentation
Then use ftp_get() to download the first Image and resize it with help of the GDlib, here is a tutorial for a thumbnailing function. Or download all images at once and resize them all at once.
Now you are at the last step just show your thumbnail and link to the high-res images.


text:
Q: .ToList on IQueryable causes NullReferenceException when executed in background My code works fine when executed synchronously, but fails when triggered via QueueBackgroundWorkItem.
UPDATE: the issue seems to be with the Sitefinity dynamic module manager I am using requiring HTTP context within the thread created by QueueBackgroundWorkItem, so this is a Sitefinity specific question. I've found an article that seems to point to a solution: http://www.sitefinity.com/developer-network/forums/sitefinity-sdk/errors-with-managers-when-multi-threading
Relevant portions of my code
ApiController action that starts background job:
// GET: api/Sync/MFP
[HttpGet]
public IHttpActionResult MFP()
{
    HostingEnvironment.QueueBackgroundWorkItem(ct => startMFPSync());
    return Ok("Sync Started!");
}

private void startMFPSync()
{
    var sourcesConfig = Config.Get<SyncSourcesSettingsConfig>();

    MFPApi api = new MFPApi(new MFPConfig
    {
        Url = sourcesConfig.MFPUrl,
        Key = sourcesConfig.MFPKey,
        Password = sourcesConfig.MFPPassword,
    });

    DataSync dataSync = new DataSync(api);
    dataSync.RunSync();
}

DataSync class:
public class DataSync
{
    IDataSource dataSource;

    public DataSync(IDataSource source)
    {
        dataSource = source;
    }

    public void RunSync()
    {
        dataSource.GetResponse();

        List<SyncContent> dataToSync = dataSource.GetDataForSync();
        SFDynamicModuleSync destinationSync = new SFDynamicModuleSync(dataToSync);

        // function call where exception occurs
        destinationSync.CacheModuleData();

        // other sync operations
    }
}

CacheModuleData() function in class below is where exception occurs:
public class SFDynamicModuleSync : IDataDestinationSync
{
    /// <summary>
    /// List of SyncContent objects to sync
    /// </summary>
    private List<SyncContent> dataToSync;

    /// <summary>
    /// Used to store results of CacheModuleData
    /// </summary>
    private List<List<DynamicContent>> modulesItems;

    /// <summary>
    /// Sitefinity dynamic module manager
    /// </summary>
    private DynamicModuleManager dynamicModuleManager;

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SFDynamicModuleSync"/> class
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dataToSync">List of SyncContent objects to sync</param>
    public SFDynamicModuleSync(List<SyncContent> dataToSync)
    {
        this.dataToSync = dataToSync;
        this.modulesItems = new List<List<DynamicContent>>();
        this.dynamicModuleManager = DynamicModuleManager.GetManager();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Retrieves all data from dynamic modules and places in modulesItems
    /// </summary>
    public void CacheModuleData()
    {
        foreach (string contentType in this.dataToSync.Select(e => e.ContentTypeName))
        {
            Type type = TypeResolutionService.ResolveType(contentType);

            IQueryable<DynamicContent> moduleItems = this.dynamicModuleManager.GetDataItems(type)
                .Where(i => i.Status == ContentLifecycleStatus.Master);

            if(moduleItems != null)
            {
                // The .ToList() here causes a NullReferenceException when code is triggered by background job
                List<DynamicContent> moduleItemsList = moduleItems.ToList();
                this.modulesItems.Add(moduleItemsList);
            }
        }
    }

    // other sync methods - not included here for abbrevity
}

Stack trace:
System.NullReferenceException was unhandled by user code
  HResult=-2147467261
  Message=Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
  Source=Unity_ILEmit_DynamicClasses
  StackTrace:
       at DynamicModule.ns.Wrapped_OpenAccessDynamicModuleProvider_81d3fcbe95dd4a47b8c1cb1cc5a692ab.ApplyFilters(IDataItem item)
       at Telerik.Sitefinity.Security.FieldsPermissionsApplierEnumerator`1.Demand(T forItem)
       at Telerik.Sitefinity.Security.PermissionApplierEnumeratorBase`1.MoveNext()
       at Telerik.Sitefinity.Data.Linq.DataItemEnumerator`1.MoveNext()
       at System.Collections.Generic.List`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 collection)
       at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToList[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source)
       at TeamSI.Sitefinity.DataSync.DataDestinations.SFDynamicModuleSync.CacheModuleData() in C:\Projects\SIEQ\TeamSI.Sitefinity.DataSync\DataDestinations\SFDynamicModuleSync.cs:line 75
       at TeamSI.Sitefinity.DataSync.DataSync.RunSync() in C:\Projects\SIEQ\TeamSI.Sitefinity.DataSync\DataSync.cs:line 28
       at SitefinityWebApp.Mvc.Controllers.SyncController.startMFPSync() in C:\Projects\SIEQ\Main_Site\Mvc\Controllers\SyncController.cs:line 72
       at SitefinityWebApp.Mvc.Controllers.SyncController.<MFP>b__1_0(CancellationToken ct) in C:\Projects\SIEQ\Main_Site\Mvc\Controllers\SyncController.cs:line 52
       at System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.<>c__DisplayClass91_0.<QueueBackgroundWorkItem>b__0(CancellationToken ct)
       at System.Web.Hosting.BackgroundWorkScheduler.<RunWorkItemImpl>d__7.MoveNext()
  InnerException:

A: Turns out this was an issue with the Sitefinity CMS I was querying data from requiring HTTP context, which is of course lost within threads. The NullReferenceException was occuring within the dynamicModuleManager.GetDataItems() method.
With some help from friends and awesome SO contributors including @Igor, @Hogan, @PeterBons and @daramasala who helped me understand the problem I was able to solve it by upping privileges to SF and simulating HttpContext within the thread.
http://www.sitefinity.com/developer-network/forums/sitefinity-sdk/errors-with-managers-when-multi-threading
Only SF documentation outside of the forums I could find on using this method is here:
http://docs.sitefinity.com/bug-tracker-create-the-savebug-action
Updated RunSync() method in my DataSync class:
public void RunSync()
{
    SystemManager.RunWithElevatedPrivilegeDelegate worker = new SystemManager.RunWithElevatedPrivilegeDelegate(args => {

        dataSource.GetResponse();
        List<SyncContent> dataToSync = dataSource.GetDataForSync();
        var destinationSync = new SFDynamicModuleSync(dataToSync);

        destinationSync.CacheModuleData();

        // complete sync operations for each content type
        for (int i = 0; i < dataToSync.Count; i++)
        {
            destinationSync.DeleteOldItems(i);
            destinationSync.AddItems(i);
            destinationSync.UpdateItems(i);
        }
    });

    SystemManager.RunWithElevatedPrivilege(worker);
}


British researchers recently published a study in The Lancet Psychiatry, showing a connection between insomnia and mental health.
The researchers recruited over 3,700 participants and randomly split them into two groups: one group received special treatment targeted toward insomnia, and the other received conventional treatment. They took a baseline measurement for each participant for insomnia, paranoia, hallucinations, anxiety, depression, nightmares, and psychological wellbeing, then assessed them again at 3, 10, and 22 weeks.
What they discovered was that those who received the sleep intervention treatment had reduced insomnia, as well as reduced paranoia and hallucinations. They also saw improvements in other mental health outcomes, which were maintained over time. Finally, those receiving the sleep intervention were less likely than the other participants to experience a depressive episode, anxiety disorder, or ultra-high risk of psychosis.


Improvisation provides an excellent background to stand-up comedy and vice-versa. It is not as different as one might think. The role of this workshop is to increase the improviser's confidence in their own unique artistic voice and try something that is new and exciting in a safe classroom environment. Your improv skills will only improv from a stab at stand-up and your mind and creativity will be stimulated. And that, is always a cool thing.
This one night workshop is perfect for the person that has rarely or never done any stand-up at all. No pre-written material is necessary. This is the time to discover and strengthen you unique comedy voice and learn new skills that can only enhance your improv. If any of this terrifies and excites you, then this is the class for you. This is a safe, constructive environment and bottom line, is a lot of fun!


As Editor in Chief of Contract, I was so pleased to present the 36th Designer of the Year Award to Martin Lesjak at the Interiors Awards Breakfast on January 30 in New York. Lesjak is the founder and creative director of the architecture and design firm INNOCAD and the product design company 13&9 Design in Graz, Austria. As Zach Mortice, the writer of our feature story on Martin, wrote: The INNOCAD portfolio of architecture and interiors for offices, exhibitions, hospitality, retail, and residences affirms a designer's ability to pull power, grace, and emotion from seemingly otherworldly spaces. Lesjak designs engaging and sensuous environments that connect minds to bodies and intellect to creativity. Innocad began in 1999 as a partnership between Lesjak with his architecture school classmate and friend Peter Schwaiger in 1999. Martin has taken the creative lead for INNOCAD, and Peter continues with the firm as the chief financial officer, and business manager. The firm now has about 15 employees.
In recent years, the firm has built a body of work that has allowed it to be recognized not just in Europe, but also at the Interiors Awards Breakfast, where it won three total Interiors Awards in the previous two years, including wins in both Large Office and Small Office categories two years ago. The 2013 large office win was for the Vienna office of Microsoft, and the Small office win was for the office and testing lab for the lighting company XAL. So, the Interiors juries last year and the year before actually gave me a solid assist in the selection of this year's Designer of the Year. One of Innocad's first significant projects was called Golden Nugget, and you will see that in the video. Lesjak developed and designed the building in 2005, and INNOCAD's office is on the ground floor. The building is so striking in its historic streetcape context that it's been an architectural tourist draw for a decade. INNOCAD designers gave tours to more than 2,000 people before they realized they had to stop to actually be productive.
INNOCAD's latest and most significant completed project is the 23-story office interiors for the headquarters of the Austrian rail company, which you will also see in this video. And now the firm is designing projects in the Middle East and the rest of Europe, and is eager to design for clients in the states as well. Martin is not just an architect and designer of interiors, though. For one, he is a DJ, and has actually received more than one design commission as a result of his DJ stints. And, just in the last two years, he has launched the product design company 13&9 Design with his partner in life and in business, Anastasia Su, who you will also see in this video. The number 13 is her birth date and 9 is the jersey number that Martin wore when he played soccer in Austria. Anastasia's background is, in part, in fashion design, and together they design fashion, jewelry, lighting, and furniture. Early in the video, you'll see Martin wearing sunglasses, which he and Anastasia designed.
Martin Lesjak gives his acceptance speech as Designer of the Year as John Czarnecki looks on. Photo by Christian Grattan.
Contract Editor in Chief John Czarnecki, 2015 Designer of the Year Martin Lesjak, and Contract Managing Editor Murrye Bernard. Czarnecki and Bernard are wearing shades that Lesjak designed. Photo by Christian Grattan.
Martin Lesjak and his INNOCAD team with Editor in Chief John Czarnecki prior to the Interiors Awards Breakfast. Photo by Christian Grattan.
There's a bravado about Martin and his design skill that allow him and his work to truly stand out. As one of his colleagues has noted, the photo of him on the cover of our January issue simultaneously captures Martin's strong character, his warmth, and his curiousity, all vital traits for a great designer. And above all, as Martin puts it, he and his colleagues are on a quest for the SOUL of DESIGN in all of their work. I have no doubt that Martin is on a course to be an international design star, which is why he is our Designer of the Year.