"The cultivar Pinguicula ' Aphrodite ' J.Flisek & K.Pasek is characterized by its very long, narrow leaves with rounded tips which terminate in a point. The summer rosette consists of up to 15 leaves which are up to 12 cm long and 2 cm wide; the leaf-edges roll downwards. The erect leaves display a characteristic, descending-arch along their lengths. Under intense summer sunlight, the leaf-edges of leaves can be reddish, whereas the leaf midribs remain green along their enitre length. During the winter, the rosette size decreases, whilst the number of leaves increases to as many as 25. The leaves of the winter rosette are up to 5-6 cm long and 1.3 cm broad; mostly they are flat and light green. The plants bloom all year round, indeed during the winter the plants can have the most flowers open at the same time. The color and size of the flowers changes as the flowers age. Freshly open flowers are relatively small and are generally dark-violet. As the flowers age they enlarge and fade to pink. When viewed from the proper angle the petals reflect light to give a shiny appearance. The posterior side of the flower is significantly lighter in color. Gentle, faint veining is apparent over the entire surface of the five (very exceptionally six) petals; this venation is more distinct towards the flower center. The entrance to the corolla tube and the tube itself is bright yellow, and minutely hairy. Mature flowers can reach 4 cm in a diameter and this in fact ranks them among the true giants of the Pinguicula L.! The spur of the flower is narrow, slightly bowed and may be up to 1.5 cm long. Flowering time is about four weeks depending on the growing condition. Flower stalks can reach 15 cm in length (exceptionally 22 cm), the upper part of the stalk (about 1-2 cm) can be brownish-red, and the lower part is green and covered with tentacles. The sepals are a rich green color."
"The rosettes are very large, with arching, buttery yellow leaves that are sticky on both their upper and lower surfaces - the only such butterwort yet known. The handsome flowers are tinted violet with a striking purplish edging."
"The flower of Pinguicula ' Bettie ' C.Weinberger is quite different from Pinguicula ' Jannes ' C.Weinberger. The coloration is paler and the corolla lobes are longer, with rounded edges. They are narrower and do not overlap. In the place of the yellow spot of Pinguicula debbertiana Speta & Fuchs there is a white one, but with no or very weak hairiness."
"Under good conditions the plant has between 10-12 leaves when in active growth. Its leaves are narrowly linear, up to 1cm wide and 6 cm long. They are green-purplish but are dark purple at the base. This leaf colour is present even in a shady situation but the purple colour intensifies in sunnier positions. The outstanding leaf color is a major reason I believe cultivar registration is warranted for this clone.
Flowers are uniformly pale mauve and unscented. The five petals are about 1cm long. The upper petals are about 8 mm wide and 8 mm long (measured from the petal tip to the point of fusion between them). The two lower lateral petals are 6 mm wide and 10 mm long from the tip of the petals to the point where they fuse with the lower central petal. The lower central petal is about 8 mm wide and approximately 12 mm long, measured from its tip to its points of fusion with the lower lateral petals. All the petals are square-tipped and reticulated with darker veins.
The corolla has a cream to yellowish ring extending from the lower part of the corolla up to the apron-like dark purple lobe of the stigma. This ring does not continue above the stigmatic lobe. The spur is 20 mm long, angled approximately 12deg to the pedicel.
The main flowering time is from early spring to early winter, but flowering can occur throughout the year. Each plant may have as many as three flowers blooming at the same time, and they last up to three weeks.
Like both of its parents, Pinguicula ' Down Under ' H.Kibellis responds well to permanently moist to wet conditions."
"Its spoon-like leaves with upturned margins characterize the carnivorous foliage of this plant. During this phase of growth the rosette consists of up to twenty leaves, which are up to 4 cm long and 1 cm wide at their widest point. Initially the leaves tend to be held at an upright angle, but later they arc down to lay flat. The leaves remain a light green colour, even under intense light. During succulent growth, the size of the rosette decreases and the number of leaves increases to 50 or more. These leaves lack any upturned margins and are covered with sparse fine hair. They are spathulate in shape and up to 2 cm long and 0.75 cm wide. The plants bloom from early spring through summer. Flowers generally occur in pairs and it is not uncommon to have 2-3 pairs open at the same time. The colour of the flowers is lilac with very prominent violet veins and a white throat, and they often have a velvety sheen to them. As with many of the Mexican Pinguicula L. the colour tends to fade slowly as the flowers age. The back of the flower is pale-grey/white in colour and the veining is also prominent. Fully open flowers typically measure 2.5-3 cm in diameter. This plant is easily propagated via leaf cuttings and also has a tendency to divide readily after flowering, forming large clusters."
"The hybrid has two different rosette types. The winter rosette consists of up to 100 spatulate, non-carnivorous winter leaves, each up to 2.5 cm long and up to 0.6 cm wide. These are mostly green, but sometimes the leaves can be green with red highlights. The summer leaves are less numerous (up to 25), and are spatulate to obovate in form with the outermost part of the leaf having an upturned margin. The coloration of the leaves is mostly green-brown to green-red. The plants flower mostly when in the winter rosette stage, and produce up to 5-8 flowers per year. The two corolla lips form an angle between 20 and 45 degrees. The two lobes of the upper lip overlap slightly and are spatulate to obovate in form, up to 1.2 cm long and 0.9 cm at the widest point. The three lobes of the lower lip are also spatulate to obovate, up to 1.5 cm long and 0.9 cm at the widest point. The lobes are pink, with darker parallel veins that run from the lobe base into the throat. The proximal palate surface bears two rows of yellow to light green hairs. The corolla tube is short (0.2 cm), with two rows of yellow hairs at its base. The outside of the tube is whitish to pale green, and also bears parallel venation. The (light green) spur can be up to 1.2 cm long and bears brown to reddish venation. All five calyx lobes are obovate, light green and approximately 0.4 cm long. The lower two calyx lobes are almost parallel to each other. The stigmata is ochre. The flower stalk is up to 16 cm long, and bears some glandular hairs near the top."
Synonym: =Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. * Pinguicula gypsicola Brandeg.
"Mr. G.A. Sargent has crossed Pinguicula moranensis var. caudata (Schlecht.) Hort.Slack with Pinguicula gypsicola Brandeg.. The clone he gave me produces numerous rich lilac flowers over curiously bendy, strap-shaped leaves. The winter rosettes are enormous, and at that time they must be kept bone dry. Pinguicula ' Hameln ' Hort.Slack and Pinguicula mitla Hort.Slack are of the Pinguicula gypsicola Brandeg. * Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. ' Hamburg ' (sic!) cross, and both differ in their wider Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K.-like foliage and in not producing the large winter rosettes of Pinguicula ' George Sargent ' Hort.Slack."
"This cultivar usually grows much faster and healthier in wet soil than in dry soil.
The mostly green leaves are 7-9 cm long and about 4 cm wide and do not become red in strong sunlight. On old leaves, a portion of the vein will have some brown color."
"The winter rosette is similar to the one of Pinguicula agnata Casper. the summer rosette, consisting of +/- 13 leaves 8 by 6 cm, measures about 15 cm across. These leaves also resemble Pinguicula agnata Casper, but they are a little rolled up on the margins. Flowers are produced by the winter as well as by the summer rosette. The corolla consists of two lips (bilabiate) and it measures 38 by 33 mm. The corolla tube is 10 mm long. The greenish-yellow spur is 17 mm long. These both are glandular haired and they contain an angle 140 deg. There are three differently coloured zones from the margins to the centre of the corolla, as seen in the photo. The mouth of the corolla, as seen in the marked by a yellow band. The stigma violet in the center and white in the margins. The hybrid cannot produce any seeds. It is propagated by means of culture "in vitro" in the Botanic Gardens in Liberec (Czechoslovakia)."
Synonym: =Pinguicula gypsicola Brandeg. * Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K.
Etymology: after originator's daughter Hana P.
"The selected cultivated variety (...) forms a winter succulent rosette and a summer carnivorous one, both relatively small and rather brown-coloured when grown in sunny sites. The winter rosette, consisting of about 50 drop-shaped leaves, measures about 27 mm across. The summer rosette, consisting of 10 to 18 leaves, measures about 45 mm across. Its leaves are spathulate, membranous, turned upwards in the margins. Flowers are produced at any time, by both the winter and the summer rosettes, but most frequently in November. Flower stalks are about 55 mm high. The corolla is subisolobous, is oval in outline when viewed from the front, and measures up to 30 by 27 mm. The wide corolla lobes touch or cover each other in the margins. They are corrugated and slightly emarginate. The corolla is lilac, darker reticulated, with a yellowish stripe in the middle lobe of the lower lip. The corolla tube is 4 mm long. The bluntly pointed spur is 8 mm long, bent towards the lower lip. The calyx consists of narrow, about 2.5 mm long lobes, rounded at the tip. The calyx, the corolla tube, the spur and the flower stalk are endowed with glandular hairs. The stigma is purple, corrugated, with long hairs in the reverse side. The plant is sterile. Its minor capsule measures 1 mm, and it is spherical, dark green, with sessile glands on the surface. Pinguicula ' Hanka ' Studnicka may be propagated easily by means of leaf cuttings made from the numerous winter leaves."
"(...) Thus, in Pinguicula ' Mitla ' Hort.Slack the purplish to carmine pink (corolla) lobes are so narrow as to give a spidery appearance; they are rather less so in Pinguicula ' Huahuapan ' Hort.Slack, and of lilac pink with crimson touches at their base. In Pinguicula ' Vera Cruz ' Hort.Slack the flower is of similar form to Pinguicula moranensis var. caudata (Schlecht.) Hort.Slack, but it is of deep rose with more substantial basal marking."
"The flower of Pinguicula ' Jannes ' C.Weinberger is more similar to Pinguicula cyclosecta Casper. The upper corolla lip consists of two round lobes; the lower lip has three round lobes that overlap partially. The color is identical to Pinguicula cyclosecta Casper, perhaps a little more purple. The veins are darker and go from the throat up to the tips of the lobes and can also be seen on the spur. The throat has a white, somewhat greenish coloration and has some veins. The typical yellow hairs of Pinguicula debbertiana Speta & Fuchs are present, but not as clearly distinct as in this species."
"The plant itself is heterophyllous, which in summer has about 25 round leaves (up to 4 cm) that overlap partially, while in winter has about 40 leaves with a length of 2-3 cm. The amount of light on a south facing windowsill is enough to color the plant a nice orange-red. With poor lighting the leaves are green like in the parents. Summer rosette is about 9 cm in diameter; winter rosette is smaller about 4-5 cm.
The flower has two upper and three lower petals (which do not overlap) and has a total size of about 2 cm. Flowering is between March and May, during which 3-6 flowers are typically produced. The color is a light purple, very close to Pinguicula debbertiana Speta & Fuchs and gets darker in the middle of the flower. The throat instead is nearly white and shows a venation like Pinguicula debbertiana Speta & Fuchs. Venation is strong in the middle of the flower and becomes hard to see on the outer petal. Like Pinguicula agnata Casper, the hybrid flower has a strong pubescence, especially on the lower petals and where Pinguicula debbertiana Speta & Fuchs has its typical "yellow brush". The "brush" itself is weakly developed with a white-yellow color."
Synonym: =Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. * Pinguicula ?
"Its exceptionally large, full blooms of deep pink petals warranted its preservation. The oval sumer leaves are undulating and virtually marginless."
Synonym: =Pinguicula ehlersiae Speta & Fuchs * Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. * Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K.
"The leaf rosettes of both forms (two different clones of the same parentage considered as one cultivar) are relatively similar, except in size. It is therefore very natural to call one "grande forme" (sic!) (large form) and the other one, wouldn't you have guessed? "petite forme" (sic!) (small form). The heritage from both parents is straightforward. While the summer rosettes are the exact copy of those of Pinguicula ' Sethos ' Hort.Slack, the winter rosettes are very compact like Pinguicula ' Huahuapan ' Hort.Slack. The plants bloom without any surprise at the end of winter. In early blooming stages they have a striking resemblance to the picture by Adrian Slack in his book "Indect Eating Plants", page 110 ( Pinguicula ' Huahuapan ' Hort.Slack). Any similarity disappears when the blooms open. Though the flowers of Pinguicula ' L'Hautil ' L.Legendre & S.Lavayssiere 'Petite Forme' (sic!) resemble the ones of Pinguicula ' Sethos ' Hort.Slack, the flowers of 'Grande Forme' (sic!) consist of very large petals, partially overlapping. In both cases, the petals are slightly undulating, a heritage of Pinguicula ' Huahuapan ' Hort.Slack. The flowers of both forms display identical sets of colours. Their central core is light green. It gives rise to a white spot of 5 by 2 mm on the lower central petal. The central region of the base of both lateral lower petals is marked by two central white lines, 3-4 mm long, which are framed by dark violet lines. The rest of the petals are of a lighter, but still profound, violet colouration. The upper petals are characterised by the same violet tint, though they lack the white spots. The spur, 3 cm long, is almost straight, bending only slightly towards the floor. Tn the case of 'Grande forme', the flower is 3 cm high as well as wide. In 'Petite Forme' it is only 2 cm high and slightly less in width. Both forms bloom generously so that one can expect 2-4 consecutive flowers each year. Since both hybrids divide vegetatively while blooming, beautiful specimens having large floral displays can easily be obtained within a few years."
"This plant has already been mentioned in the pages of this journal (Carniv.Pl.Newslett.29:55, 2000), when one of us (BMR) reported on how the only specimen we had of this plant nearly rotted to extinction.
In foliage, Pinguicula ' Libelulita ' Rice & Salvia is not particularly different from any of the other many clones of Pinguicula L. in cultivation, but in flower it is so striking that some horticulturists have remarked that it nearly appears to be a new species.
The five petals are large and square-tipped. They are overall pink-purple, deeper so on the distal 2/3rds, and pale to near-white closer to the petal bases. Where the petals fuse, they suddenly darken to a deep velvet red, marked with a few white streaks on the lower-most petal. For us, the most amazing feature of this cultivar is the bold petal venation. This venation reminds one of us in particular (EMS) of the reticulated network of veins visible in the transparent wings of dragonflies."
"The cultivar forms a winter and a summer rosette. The winter rosette consists of 10-15 succulent obovate-spathulate leaves, slightly pointed at the tip, glabrous, of a light green color, 9-12 mm long and 5-7 mm at the widest point. The summer rosette (Fig. 4) consists of 7-9 leaves, obovate-spath- ulate, with the margin involute, light yellow-green to red-green (depending on light conditions), 25-37 mm long, 15-20 mm at the widest point, the upper surface densely covered with sessile and stipitate hairs.
Flowers are produced out of the summer rosette, with 1-3 flower scapes per season, erect, 70-75 mm long, olive or olive-red, densely covered with stipitate glandular hairs. Flowers are about 25 mm long (including the spur), the corolla is about 2 cm in diameter (Fig. 4). The calyx bilabiate, red-brown, with calyx lobes cuneate-linear, 2.5-3 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, rounded or obtuse at the tip, the outer surface sparsely clothed in stipitate glandular hairs. The corolla consists of two lips. The 2 lobes of the upper lip are truncate with the end of the lobe slightly incised. Corolla lobes are of a purple-violet color with fine, darker violet venation. The lobes of the upper lip are 9-10 mm long, 6 mm at the widest point, side lobes of the lower lip 9-10 mm long, 6-7 mm at the widest point, middle lobe of the lower lip 13-15 mm long, 9-10 mm at the widest point. The spur is of a light green color, about 17-18 mm long, in the middle slightly thicker, obtuse at the end and densely covered with stipitate glandular hairs."
"A variety known as Pinguicula ' Pale Flower ' D'Amato has petals almost pure white, with only the slightest hint of purple around the yellowish throat."
"Resulting from a cross made 14 October 1986, this plant has proven itself to be forgiving of cultivation errors and resilient to adverse growing conditions. Its flowers are attractive and clear pink, similar in general plan to Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. but with more rounded petals, akin to those of Pinguicula agnata Casper. Mature plants are about 7 cm. in diameter and may produce a few blooms each year. It is the leaves that are the most striking feature of this plant - it has inherited the opalescent pinky-white foliage of Pinguicula ehlersiae Speta & Fuchs. In some growing conditions Pinguicula ' Pirouette ' J.Brittnacher, B.Rice & L.Song becomes so suffused with rich-pink or even red it looks remarkably like a chlorophyll-free saprophyte one might encounter deep in pine woods! Under moderate light, the leaves are very pale pink with a touch of light green. The leaves this plant produces during the dormant season are smaller and more succulent. Leaf cuttings are best taken with these leaves just before or as the summer leaves begin to emerge. The leaf cuttings root easily. This plant should not be propagated by seed if you wish to maintain the cultivar name attached to it. Its good looks and easy cultivation make Pinguicula ' Pirouette ' J.Brittnacher, B.Rice & L.Song an excellent beginners plant. If you want to try a carnivore on your windowsill, this might be the one to start with!"
Synonym: =Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. * Pinguicula heterophylla Benth.
"Pinguicula ' Red Starfish ' M.Srba (Fig. 5 & Back Cover) provides an unusual look that is much more "carnivorous" compared to other Pinguicula L. species or established cultivars. (...) This clone was selected in 1997 with a special emphasis on the flower color.
Summer leaf rosette is usually 6-9 cm in diameter and consists of 12-20 leaves. Leaves are lanceolate, rolled downwards in lateral as well as in tangential direction. Well-illuminated plants turn into a red-purple coloration. Winter rosette is bulbous, predominantly submerged, and similar to Pinguicula heterophylla Benth.. Winter "bulb" of juvenile plants is fusiform, in mature plants almost globose, consisting of 40-70 leaves. Pinguicula ' Red Starfish ' M.Srba flowers in the beginning of the vegetative season, just after waking from the dormant period. Flowers are sterile. Corolla is dark blue-purple, resembling Pinguicula heterophylla Benth. in shape. Petals are slightly twisted. Size of the flowers is 18-22 mm. Spoon spur is straight, about 20 mm long. Flower stalk is 9-13 cm tall.
Sufficient growth conditions for Pinguicula ' Red Starfish ' M.Srba are the same as in other Mexican Pinguicula L. species strictly undergoing dry winter dormancy like e.g. Pinguicula gypsicola Brandeg., Pinguicula heterophylla Benth., or Pinguicula medusina Zamudio Ruiz & Studnicka. Although it doesn't exhibit any specific growing requirements, we would like to provide several tips to optimize growth of this cultivar. During the first years of our experience, it seemed that Pinguicula ' Red Starfish ' M.Srba is not very floriferous. Later we realized, that the growth period of this clone is very long, lasting until November or even December in conditions of central Europe. If the growth activity is rapidly interrupted by low temperatures or rapid drought, the fitness of dormant plants is significantly decreased. On the other hand, if mild temperatures (8-18 degC) and slightly wet soil is provided during the phenophase transition (beginning of dormancy), the winter bulbs get much stronger. Specimens that formed bulb at least 10 mm wide bloom regularly with 1-3 flowers."
Synonym: =Pinguicula primuliflora Wood & Godfr.
"The number of petals varies depending on the plants' conditions; healthy plants have more than 5-layer flowers. The double-flower petals seem to derive from pistil, as only stamens remain when all petals are removed."
Synonym: =Pinguicula ehlersiae Speta & Fuchs * Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K.
"Of these (hybrids) I would mention Pinguicula ' Sethos ' Hort.Slack (Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. * Pinguicula ehlersiae Speta & Fuchs), a fine, very floriferous clone with large orchid-purple flowers with a many-rayed mouth like a white star; Pinguicula ' Weser ' Hort.Slack, of the same parentage and with rather similar flowers, has a solitary white streak down the central lower lobe and dark veins."
"Pinguicula ' Tina ' Hort.Slack has large white-throated flowers of mauve, the bases of the lobes being heavily streaked in violet with a pale green throat, and is a hybrid of Pinguicula agnata Casper * Pinguicula zecheri Speta & Fuchs."
Synonym: =Pinguicula agnata Casper * ?Pinguicula macrophylla H.B.K.
"At its largest, the leaves of Pinguicula ' Titan ' L.Song can exceed the confines of a 15 cm (six inch) pot! The leaves resemble the pollen parents, in having a longer and more pronounced petiole than the leaves of the seed parent. However, the flower shape definitely favors the seed parent, but the blue edges have been replaced with an even magenta glow. A slight fragrance is also evident. It forms a large subterranean hibernaculum, but has a relatively short dormant period. Pinguicula ' Titan ' L.Song is very vigorous and easy to grow. It survives on store shelves longer than all other carnivorous plants, flowering there even after Venus Flytraps, sundews, and Sarracenia L. have died."
"Of these (hybrids) I would mention Pinguicula ' Sethos ' Hort.Slack (Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K. * Pinguicula ehlersiae Speta & Fuchs), a fine, very floriferous clone with large orchid-purple flowers with a many-rayed mouth like a white star; Pinguicula ' Weser ' Hort.Slack, of the same parentage and with rather simiar flowers, has a solitary white streak down the central lower lobe and dark veins."


text:
mimi tsuruga
math ◇ data ◇ elasticsearch
Topology of Data
Topological Software
I taught a course at UC Davis on applied topology in Fall 2016.
Course Objective
Computational topology gives students an opportunity to study topology — both algebraic and differential!! — using discrete, combinatorial techniques. It can provide a hands-on approach to naturally build up the intuition behind beautiful ideas such as co/homology groups and Morse theory. And as interesting as the pure problems in computational topology are, one cannot forget the powerful applications of computational topology found in topological data analysis, such as persistent homology and Reeb graphs.
The course was designed to be accessible to students with or without a background in general topology. Some experience in basic programming (in any language) was highly recommended but not required.
Introduction, Triangulations, Topological Spaces, Manifolds
Software: Hasse Diagrams
Homology, Software: Persistent homology, Software: Persistent cohomology
Discrete Morse theory, Software: Random_Discrete_Morse
Software: Fundamental Group, Word Problem
Software: Bistellar Simplification
Reeb graphs
The students who registered for the class was a mixed batch. There were undergraduate and graduate students from mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics, computer science, even biology. From the first week, the students were assigned groups so that each group had a fair distribution of the different backgrounds. Each group had to work on some project which analyzed data using some topological method. The data was to be fairly big.
We had 5 student groups.
Group 1: Rice Genomics
The students in Group 1 analyzed Rice Genome Data from a publicly available source.
Group 2: Periodicity in Data
The students in Group 3 looked at crime statistics in Philadelphia.
Group 3: Albeck Data
Cells communicate with other cells by a process called signal transduction. When a molecule outside of some cell (ligand) penetrates (binds to a receptor on) the cell's boundary (plasma membrane), it may trigger a biochemical chain reaction within the cell. This sequence of reactions is called the cell signaling transduction pathway of the initiating ligand. Certain pathways are known to cause the affected cell to produce (express) more or less of certain molecules.
Until very recently, microbiologists attempted to estimate the quantity of molecules expressed by a sample by computing averages. In these procedures, the sample cells had to be destroyed for the cell to reveal the molecules under investigation. Many cells were destroyed at once, the molecules were counted, then divided by the approximate number of cells in the sample. These procedures assume that all cells of the same sample express about an equal amount of the particular molecule and react to stimuli in the same way.
John Albeck et al. devised a new procedure to count these molecules. They first infect the sample cells with a virus which causes the molecule of interest – and only those molecules – to glow under certain wavelengths of light. They then take timed sequences of photos of the live sample cells over some extended period of time. The intensity of the glow corresponds to the quantity of that particular molecule. Their experiments confirmed what had long been suspected: individual cells react differently.
A sample video of this remarkable discovery can be found on their webpage.
Group 4: Line/Angle Data
The students in Group 4 set out to analyze data consisting of 10×10 gray-scale pixels of randomly generated images depicting a white "angle" over a black background. They generated each image by first randomly selecting a point in the 10×10 grid that would be the "vertex" of the angle, then randomly chose two directions for the sides of the angle to extend in. Once they had the angle, they set the grayscale. Their parameters consist of width of the lines and noise for the grayscale.
Group 5: Financial Data
The students in Group 5 analyzed financial data consisting of trades and orders for various commodities, such as bonds, oil, and gold. The data contains both tick data (individual, timestamped orders/trades) and information aggregated over some fixed unit of time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Infrastructure is the multi-billion dollar elephant in the room. At every level, the U.S. government struggles with how to repair, replace, and maintain our nation's aging water and wastewater pipes, power lines, and roads. When compared alongside other advanced industrialized nations, our broadband infrastructure is lacking both locally and nationally. You'd have to be living under a rock to have missed the Flint, Mich., water crisis--but that is just the surface.
In 2013, the American Society of Civil Engineers released their Infrastructure Report Card for the nation, and the results were abysmal. By their estimation, the U.S. needs $3.6 trillion by 2020 to adequately address issues such as oil pipelines, hazardous waste, aging dams, and even school buildings.
Our country is staring down the barrel of a significant infrastructure crisis for two reasons: an infrastructure failure would not only inhibit daily life in the community it is meant to serve but also present a threat to national security.
Read entire article at The Hill.


text:
Ka`u News Briefs August 20, 2011
Peter Anderson's Nene graced the cover of The Directory 2011. The public can
vote for next year's cover during at art show in September at the
Ka`u Federal Credit Union office in Na`alehu.
NEW WASTEWATER SYSTEMS in Ka`u will receive some help from unexpected funding. A Stephens Media article by Nancy Cook Lauer states that Hawai`i County was slammed with a violation by the state Department of Health in 1990 for failing to mitigate wastewater in Kailua-Kona. In response, the county originally planned to open a new wastewater plant in Kona, but construction on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway delayed the project. Rather than wait, the funding has been moved to Ka`u, where three large capacity cesspools left over from plantation housing camps in Na`alehu and Pahala are being replaced as they violate federal Environmental Protection Agency standards. The new sewage systems will cost up to $12 million and be completed in 2014.
The green and brown areas show two different state
House of Representative districts proposed for Ka`u.
MORE VOICES ARE SPEAKING UP against cutting Ka`u in two for determining boundaries for the state House of Representatives. Local music and language teacher Robert Domingos wrote: "At all cost, we should keep Ka`u one. This area has been a unit for many, many centuries! What can we do? Flag wave at the Punalu`u border crossing?" asked Domingos.
The proposed splitting of Ka`u would leave people from Punalu`u and Pahala voting with those from Volcano and deeper into Puna. It would leave Discovery Harbour, Kalae and Na`alehu citizens voting with people all the way up in Kona at Kahalu`u Beach.
Rep. Bob Herkes would most likely have to run for the district more aligned with Hilo, which is upsetting community leaders in Ocean View who have depended on him for help with their water system and their new mobile medical van.
Public meetings on the issue will be on Sept. 13 at 5 p.m. in the Hilo Council chamber and Sept. 14 at 5 p.m. in the Kona Council chamber.
COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT will hold a special Household Hazardous Waste Collection event between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. on Saturday, Sept. 3 at the Wai`ohinu Solid Waste Transfer Station. Only household-generated and self-hauled waste will be accepted. The event will allow residents to dispose of acceptable hazardous waste to protect public health and the environment. Acceptable waste includes automotive fluids, used batteries, fluorescent lights and pesticides. A latex paint reuse collection and exchange will also be held. A list of acceptable and unacceptable waste is available at www.hawaiizerowaste.org.
THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE is offering Value-Added Producer Grants with proposals due Aug. 29. Grants of up to $100,000 each are for developing business plans and feasibility studies including marketing plans. Grants of up to $300,000 are for working capital to operate a value-added business venture or alliance. To find out more, contact USDA Rural Development in Hilo or on its website.
BARBARA FAHS discusses Hawaiian medicinal plants tomorrow at 1 p.m. at Na`ohulelua Historical Garden on Kamaoa Road during the monthly plant and seed exchange. Fahs is the owner of Hi`iaka's Healing Herb Garden and the author of the Super Simple Guide to Creating Hawaiian Gardens. The garden is open from noon to 3 p.m.
Fountains of lava reached the height of trees in March.
Photo courtesy of USGS
VOLCANIC CRISIS AWARENESS will be held at the Hawai`i County Civil Defense Agency on Aug. 30 and 31. The one and a half days of classes will cover Hazards and Impacts, the Pulse of the Volcano, Case Studies, Awareness and Preparedness and will run through an Eruption Scenario where participants will learn key skills and decision-making tools. The course will be taught by Bruce Houghton, Gordon A. MacDonald Professor of Volcanology, with support from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and Hawai`i County Civil Defense Agencies. Interested parties can contact Justine Nihipali at justinew@hawaii.edu.
FERNANDA, now a remnant low, is expected to bring some rain to the Islands, first to the Big Island perhaps later today. The former tropical storm is expected to pass south of Kalae on Monday and was located about 500 miles east-southeast of Hilo this morning. The Pacific Hurricane Center said there is zero chance of Fernanda reorganizing into a tropical storm.
KA`U PLANTATION DAYS ARE BEING held today at Pahala Plantation House, with KAHU Radio and Channel 52 community TV on hand to film talk story sessions with people who grew up or worked during the sugar mill days. A former sugar cane truck, photos and a chance to find a photo of your old house from plantation times are offered to those attending. Music, ethnic food and dance and displays from the cultures of the community are available there. This afternoon tours of the new Ka`u Coffee Mill will be offered.
THE KA`U CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Annual Art Show and Contest is coming up at the Ka`u Federal Credit Union in Na`alehu. Artists can submit one piece of original art in any medium, and entry is free with a donation of two to five cans of food, or the cash equivalent, to be donated to the food bank. Three cash prizes will be given, and the winning art will appear on the cover of The Directory 2012, next year's edition of the Chamber's annual community and business directory.
Entries must be delivered to the Credit Union on Saturday, Sept. 24 from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Entries should include the name of the piece, the medium used, the size, the price and the artist's name. They will be on display Monday, Sept. 26 through Saturday, Oct. 1 during the Credit Union's business hours. The public can vote for their favorite piece throughout the week.
Coordinator Wanda Aus is asking artists to volunteer a few hours to host the show during the week.
The winner will be announced during the End of Show Celebration on Saturday, Oct. 1 from noon to 2 p.m. For more information and to volunteer, call Aus at 929-9139.


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Wife backs Gelfand to win against Anand
PTIUpdated on May 22, 2012, 17:01 IST
Jerusalem: Boris Gelfand might have suffered a defeat at the hands of defending champion Viswanathan Anand in the eighth round of the ongoing World Chess Championship in Moscow, but the Israeli Grandmaster's wife, Maya is confident about her husband's triumph against his Indian opponent.
"I disregard other people's opinions. I know he can win," Maya said after Gelfand lost to Anand to level the scores at 4-4 in the 12-games encounter.
"Boris is focused, he is very tense, he is gathering all his strength. He has no time for excitement, it is time to work," she told news portal 'Ynet'.
Meanwhile, a lot of Israelis have gathered in Moscow to show their support Gelfand, even though chess is not among the popular sports in the country.
A lot of amateur and professional chess players as well as chess enthusiasts have also gathered in the centre of Israel to watch the match.
Israel Chess Association's chairman, Almog Burnstein, is scheduled to leave for Moscow this week to witness the final stages of the championship and provide moral support to Gelfand, who is trying to dislodge Anand as world's leading chess player.


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A delegação do estado de Delta na Assembleia Nacional da Nigéria compreende três representantes eleitos para o Senado da Nigéria que representam as regiões do Delta Central, Delta do Norte e Delta do Sul, além de dez deputados para a Câmara dos Representantes que representam os distritos eleitorais de Ethiope, Ughelli Norte/Sul, Ndokwa/Ukwani, Opke/Sapele/Uvwie, Isoco Setentrional/Meridional, Burutu, Warri, Ika, Aniocha Norte/Sul e Bomadi/Patani.

Quarta República (1999–presente)

4ª Legislatura (1999–2003)

9ª Legislatura (2019–2023)

Delta (estado)
Delta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Agustiar Batubara (born 20 August 1978 in Surabaya, East Java) is an Indonesian footballer. He normally plays as a defender and is  tall. He played from 1999 to 2005 with Deltras Sidoarjo, from 2006 to 2008 with Pelita Jaya Purwakarta, and until 2008 with Persebaya Surabaya. Since 2011 he joined Barito Putra and captained the team. He has Batak descent from his parents, but he was born and grew up in Surabaya.

References

Indonesian footballers
Sportspeople from Surabaya
1978 births
Living people
Association football defenders
PS Barito Putera players


BM series of film crushers is a grinding machine especially designed for crushing soft, semi-rigid or rigid films such as PE, PP, PET, PVC and highly sensitive materials such as boxes, bags, packing tapes. This specific design improves the efficiency and quality of the film crushing, making it the ideal machine to crush films.
No axis rotation with big cutting space,it will increase capacity obviously.
Unique big angle scissors rotor design will increase capacity obviously.
Equipped with large power suction medium pressure blower, to absorb heat and granule quickly,it will increase capacity also.


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The 25 greatest ghost films (2023)
"Ugetsu" (1953) "The Shining" (1980) "The Changeling" (1980) "The Sixth Sense" (1999) "Pulse" (2001) "The Haunting" (1963) "The Entity" (1982) "Poltergeist" (1982) "A Chinese Ghost Story" (1987) "Kwaidan" (1965) "Spirited Away" (2001) "The Legend of Hell House" (1973) "The Innocents" (1961) "The Others" (2001) "The Conjuring" (2013) "Ghost" (1990) "The Devil's Backbone" (2001) "The Frighteners" (1996) "Ghostbusters" (1984) "House on Haunted Hill" (1959) "Hausu" (1977) "Carnival of Souls" (1962) "Personal Shopper" (2016) "A Ghost Story" (2017) "The Ring" (2002) FAQs Videos
M. Night Shyamalan became an overnight filmmaking sensation with his "I see dead people" sleeper hit, "The Sixth Sense." It was a simple ghost story imparted with supreme confidence — the low-key, gather-round-the-campfire antidote to the artless CG excess of Jan de Bont's horrid adaptation of Shirley Jackson's "The Haunting." When it comes to spinning a good, ghostly yarn, the build's the thing. Setting, characterization, atmosphere...get your audience to hang on every word. Fire the imagination andthenspring the trap. That's what the following filmmakers did in these exquisite tales of the paranormal. Even "Hausu" required setup.
"Ugetsu" (1953)
Daiei Film
The greatest of all cinematic ghost stories, and one of the greatest films period, is Kenji Mizoguchi's fable about an ambitious potter (Masayuki Mori) who is persuaded by the spirit of a deceased noblewoman (Machiko Kyo) to leave his wife and child. He does so for a time, and then upon realizing his folly, he returns home to his family where he unexpectedly encounters another ghost. Mizoguchi's masterpiece is an exquisitely directed yet profoundly simple meditation on greed and kindness that will resonate so long as men stubbornly succumb to their worst impulses.
"The Shining" (1980)
Speaking of men succumbing to their worst impulses, here's the none-too-cheery story of Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an author who, seeking isolation as the winter caretaker of the Overlook Hotel, finds madness instead. Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of Stephen King's bestseller makes early use of the steadicam to thrust the viewer into the vast emptiness of the hotel, where the ghosts of a previous caretaker's murdered family await. If you're making a list of the creepiest specters in film history, no one would argue if you placed the Grady twins right at the top.
"The Changeling" (1980)
Associated Film Distribution
Peter Medak's horror classic stars George C. Scott as a grieving widower who moves into a creepy old Victorian mansion that harbors a sinister secret. Unlike its 1980s genre-mates "Poltergeist" or "The Entity," there are no flashy visual effects or grisly scenes of face-shredding terror. Medak hooks the viewer with an atmosphere of quiet menace occasionally punctuated by bumps and creaks and the inexplicable appearance of a toy ball. It's a masterful haunted house yarn that evidently gives Martin Scorsese nightmares, so proceed with caution!
"The Sixth Sense" (1999)
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
What if the ghost in the ghost story doesn't know he's a ghost? M. Night Shyamalan's haymaker of a twist ending turned his third feature into a word-of-mouth blockbuster in the summer of 1999, earning the writer-director comparisons to such master storytellers as Rod Serling and Steven Spielberg. Though the script would've worked regardless of casting, the presence of then megastar Bruce Willis completely threw the audience off the scent; no one could've guessed that he was one of the dead people haunting Haley Joel Osment's every waking moment.
"Pulse" (2001)
(Video) The 25 Greatest Horror Films of All Time
Kiyoshi Kurosawa's J-horror masterpiece is a deliberately paced nightmare machine of a movie in which ghosts are faintly viewable via webcam. It's the first haunted internet movie, but it's so much more than its gimmick; it's a meditation on loneliness, which posits that the afterlife — neither heaven nor hell — may just be a horrifying loop of agony. And maybe that's what we deserve. Kurosawa's contempt for the World Wide Web felt curmudgeonly 18 years ago, but in terms of the communication system's ironically isolating effect on society, he seems downright prophetic today.
"The Haunting" (1963)
This is the Cadillac of haunted house movies and arguably still the scariest. Robert Wise is on firein this movie, making skillful use of the widescreen frame (with brand spanking new anamorphic 30mm lenses) to enhance the claustrophobic horror of being stuck in a paranormally distressed mansion. His amazing cast (particularly Julie Harris, Claire Bloom and Russ Tamblyn) sells the largely unseen terror with a broadness that could've easily teetered over into parody with the wrong director. Mike Flanagan's 2018 loose take on Shirley Jackson's novel for Netflix is well worth checking out, too, but this is how it's done.
"The Entity" (1982)
The prolific and occasionally brilliant Sidney J. Furie hit a home run with this unnerving account of a single mother (Barbara Hershey) who believes she's being sexually assaulted by a malevolent spirit. Her psychiatrist (Ron Silver) steadfastly refuses to buy this explanation, but when a team of parapsychologists gets involved, the impossible turns out to be the irrefutable truth. Hershey gives a fierce performance as a woman driven to the brink of madness by the refutation of her victimhood.
GHOST STORIES (2017) • Frame RatedFilm review: "Ghost Stories" (2017) A Ghost Story, or…When Enough Would Be Too MuchA Ghost Story movie review & film summary (2017) | Roger Ebert
"Poltergeist" (1982)
MGM/UA Entertainment Co.
Steven Spielberg staged a great big haunted house movie in the heart of mundane suburbia, and every person who grew up with a fear of thunderstorms or a scary looking tree outside the window or, god forbid, a creepy clown doll has been battling nightmares ever since. Pretty much every childhood phobia is exploited in the Tobe Hooper-directed movie, while the blasé parenting of baby boomers is lightly skewered.
"A Chinese Ghost Story" (1987)
Film Workshop
This gonzo wuxia classic from the glory days of Hong Kong cinema isn't much in the scares department, but it's a hugely influential work from the great Tsui Hark that, for whatever reason, isn't as celebrated as other films of that era. Leslie Cheung plays a hapless debt collector who, while spending the night in a haunted temple, falls in love with a beautiful ghost (Joey Wang) enslaved by the evil Tree Devil. It's a thrilling film stuffed with wacky ideas and set pieces, most of which work far better than they should (including Wu Ma cast as a master swordsman who raps the "Tao Te Ching").
"Kwaidan" (1965)
(Video) Top 20 Greatest Horror Movies of All Time
Masaki Kobayashi's supernatural anthology certainly lives up to its title's translation ("Ghost Stories"), though probably not in the manner Western audiences expect. The filmmaker's deliberate, contemplative approach to these stories is formal in the extreme; he's not telling tales so much as reflecting on their meaning to Japanese culture (where they're all very well-known). At three hours, it's a demanding sit for audiences primed to pick up their smartphones every other minute, but if you rid your living room of devices and give yourself over to Kobayashi's superlative craftsmanship, you'll find the eerie sights and slithering deep under your skin.
"Spirited Away" (2001)
Hayao Miyazaki's enchanting masterwork concerns a young girl's journey through the spiritual world of a fantastical hot-springs bathhouse. Of the many odd apparitions she meets along the way, the most memorable is a masked ghost known as No-Face, who has a peculiar habit of consuming other characters. Perhaps more than any other work in his impressive oeuvre, "Spirited Away" drifts along to a gentle dream logic; it's a miraculous film of constant discovery that speaks to something curious and ineffable inside all of us.
"The Legend of Hell House" (1973)
The definitive, gore-and-orgy-packed version of Richard Matheson's terrifying tome — "the scariest haunted house novel ever written," according to Stephen King – has yet to be made, but John Hough's briskly paced take on the material (adapted by Matheson) capably hits most of the horrifying highs. Clive Revill stars as a physicist who hunkers down with a small group of spiritually sensitive individuals in what is reputed to be the most haunted house in the world. They confirm this fairly quickly and spend the rest of the film simply trying to survive. It's a good movie, but read the book first (preferably during a week when you don't need much sleep).
A Ghost Story (2017, David Lowery): Grief, Sorrow and Meloncholia
"The Innocents" (1961)
Henry James' subtly chilling "The Turn of the Screw" is such a perfectly unadorned narrative that many filmmakers mistakenly feel the need to amp it up with jump scares or sex. The best adaptation to date is still Jack Clayton's "The Innocents," which stars Deborah Kerr as the governess charged with the care of two children (Martin Stephens and Pamela Franklin) at what turns out to be a deeply haunted mansion. Clayton provides a little more backstory than is present in James' novel, but he generally stays true to the narrative that's been unnerving readers for over a century.
"The Others" (2001)
Alejandro Amenábar followed up his mesmerizing "Open Your Eyes" with this chilling slow-burn of a ghost story starring Nicole Kidman as a mother of two young children who begins to suspect their house is occupied by apparitional "others." The film's hook is that the kids are photosensitive, which necessitates that the house remain in a state of candlelit darkness. Amenábar is clearly riffing on "The Turn of the Screw," and his twist ending suggests he might've been gunning for a concluding wallop akin to "The Sixth Sense." He doesn't quite land it, but the mood's the thing and it's unremittingly eerie.
"The Conjuring" (2013)
(Video) 25 Best Horror Movies of All Time
Two years after scoring a haunted house hit with "Insidious," James Wan doubled down on the genre with this go-for-the-jugular scare-fest based on a real-life paranormal investigation undertaken by Ed and Lorraine Warren (Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga). Wan is at the height of his fright-inducing powers, as he places inventive new spins on old chestnuts like the creepy basement and the antique wardrobe. (In this case, it's not what's inside but what's on top.) The blockbuster has inspired not just a franchise but also a horror universe at Warner Bros., but thus far, the returns have been greatly diminished.
"Ghost" (1990)
No one expected much from a schmaltzy paranormal romance directed by one-third of the creative team behind "Airplane!" and "The Naked Gun," but Bruce Joel Rubin's achingly sincere screenplay and the powerfully erotic chemistry generated by Patrick Swayze and Demi Moore transformed this midsummer programmer into the top grossing film of 1990. It's a clever love story/whodunit combo in which Swayze attempts to solve his own murder from beyond the grave with the help of a crabby medium (Oscar-winner Whoopi Goldberg), and Jerry Zucker balances all of these elements with stunning ease. He gets away with two tear-jerking reunions in the last 20 minutes! Why he decided to quit filmmaking after his follow-up, "First Knight," flopped is a frustrating Hollywood mystery.
"The Devil's Backbone" (2001)
Guillermo del Toro's Spanish Civil War ghost story takes place at an orphanage fearful of an uncertain future, symbolized by the massive, unexploded bomb embedded in its courtyard. A new arrival (Fernando Tielve) to the estate is given the bed of a boy who has perished and is said to haunt the orphanage. Del Toro generally opts for the somber, understated tone of "The Innocents" and "The Changeling"; he prefers slow-building dread and the terror of the unseen to easy jolts. He worked a lushly romantic variation on this aesthetic with the hugely underrated "Crimson Peak" (which makes a perfect double feature with Alfred Hitchcock's "Rebecca"), but "The Devil's Backbone" leaves the deeper groove. It's a sad film that resonates all too palpably today as a new generation of traumatized children is separated from their parents.
"The Frighteners" (1996)
Peter Jackson's first studio film flopped at the box office, but this restlessly imaginative horror-comedy stands as a worthy companion to "Ghostbusters." Michael J. Fox stars as a paranormally attuned conman who teams with three ghostly accomplices to stage bogus exorcisms. Fox's skills wind up proving vital when the spirit of a deceased mass murderer begins knocking off the living to up his body count. Jackson careens from juvenile comedy to blood-curdling horror with such abandon that you expect him to eventually literally lose the plot. Instead, he wraps up the film with a brilliantly edited hospital sequence that might be the best thing the Academy Award-filmmaker has ever done.
"Ghostbusters" (1984)
What sounded like a lazy "Saturday Night Live" sketch or, worse, a retread of a so-so Bob Hope/Paulette Goddard vehicle wound up being a lightning-in-a-bottle smash that dominated the 1984 box office. The key to the film's success, aside from Bill Murray being Bill Murray, is that it's legitimately frightening when it needs to be. Ivan Reitman's movie opens with a sensational scare in the New York Public Library and scatters a series of massive jumps throughout (courtesy of a crack ILM visual f/x team that included John Bruno and Richard Edlund). Even people who hate horror movies rushed out to see "Ghostbusters." Save for "The Frighteners", there hasn't been anything like it since.
"House on Haunted Hill" (1959)
Allied Artists
(Video) The 25 Scariest Ghost Videos of ALL TIME!
William Castle's finest hour and 15 minutes stars Vincent Price in fiendishly fine form as a millionaire who baits five financially struggling schemers with the promise of $10,000 if they can hack it out for one night in a haunted house. Frank Lloyd Wright's famous Ennis House serves as the exterior for the mansion, which gives the low-budget film a flair it might've otherwise lacked. Castle enticed audiences with the "Emergo" gimmick, which involved little more than a skeleton being flung out at the audience during a climactic scene. It worked. The movie was a huge hit and holds up well today with or without a plastic skeleton (as does William Malone's 1999 remake).
"Hausu" (1977)
This wackadoodle horror-comedy melange makes "A Chinese Ghost Story" look like "The Innocents." When the Japanese film studio Toho asked writer-director Nobuhiko Obayashi in the mid-1970s to make a movie akin to "Jaws," he hit up his 12-year-old daughter, Chigumi, for ideas. This is how we were blessed with the story of seven schoolgirls — with names like Gorgeous, Fantasy and Kung Fu — who make the ill-fated mistake of dropping by a carnivorous house. You might say it's "Little Red Riding Hood" on acid, but, really, it's a fever dream of a whole lot of stuff on acid. And it's an exhilaratingly great trip.
"Carnival of Souls" (1962)
Herts-Lion International Corp.
Herk Harvey's massively influential ghost story is an early triumph of American independent cinema and a testament as to what a talented director with a unique vision can pull off on a shoestring budget. This tale of a woman who takes a job as an organist in Salt Lake City after mysteriously surviving a car accident in Kansas isn't terribly suspenseful; the twist ending should be clear to anyone paying attention. But that's not the point. It's the dreamlike atmosphere that gradually curdles into a doozy of a nightmare that keeps the viewer transfixed.
"Personal Shopper" (2016)
The idea of spending most of a film in an empty apartment with a celebrity's personal shopper might sound positively tedious, but Olivier Assayas' 2016 triumph turns this premise into a stylishly strange and unconventionally eerie ghost story. Kristen Stewart is spellbinding as a young woman who, when she's not picking up or returning impossibly glamorous clothing for her supermodel employer, is keen to make contact with the spirit of her recently departed twin brother. As bizarre, unexplained phenomena begin occurring in Stewart's life, Assayas ratchets up the suspense in wholly unexpected ways.
"A Ghost Story" (2017)
Casey Affleck plays an actual ghost under a sheet with two eyeholes poked out — just like a child's Halloween costume — in David Lowery's unusually moving story of grief and closure...or something along those lines. Lowery sidesteps thematic clarity by turning Affleck's journey into a time travel story narrative of sorts, at which point you're wondering if the film is going to turn into a spook-laden riff on "Primer." The film winds up being defiantly inscrutable, but, emotionally, you're deeply invested. It's such a wonderfully screwy movie.
"The Ring" (2002)
DreamWork Pictures
(Video) The 25 "Greatest" Horror Movie Posters
The veryrare Hollywood remake that improves on its foreign inspiration, Gore Verbinski's "The Ring" amps up the terror of Hideo Nakata's 1998 film by prioritizing mood over narrative coherence (whether that was the intent, and the number of rewrites done on the screenplay would suggest it was not). The Pacific Northwest setting and Samara's freaky equine influence add two layers of creepiness absent from Nakata's movie (the ferry scene is incredibly disturbing), while the open-ended conclusion is, thematically, far more intriguing. As for Samara vs. Sadako, they're both utterly terrifying.
Jeremy Smith is a freelance entertainment writer and the author of "George Clooney: Anatomy of an Actor". His second book, "When It Was Cool", is due out in 2021.
Who is the No 1 horror movie in the world? ›
The 10 Scariest Horror Movies Ever
The Exorcist (1973)
Hereditary (2018)
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)
Sinister (2012)
Why horror movies are the best? ›
One reason we consume horror is to experience stimulation. Exposure to terrifying acts, or even the anticipation of those acts, can stimulate us — both mentally and physically — in opposing ways: negatively (in the form of fear or anxiety) or positively (in the form of excitement or joy).
What horror should I watch? ›
Saw (2004) 7.6/10. 84% Watch at Hulu. ...
The Birds (1963) 7.6/10. 83% Watch at Peacock. ...
Shaun of the Dead (2004) 7.9/10. 93% Watch at AmazonPrimeVideo. ...
A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) 7.4/10. 84% ...
Evil Dead 2. 7.7/10. 89% ...
A Quiet Place (2018) 7.5/10. 83% ...
Paranormal Activity (2007) 6.3/10. 57% ...
Suspiria (1977) 7.3/10. 83%
What is rated No 1 scariest movie? ›
Critic's Picks: 15 Scariest Movies of All Time
Don't Look Now (1973) ...
Halloween (1978) ...
Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975) ...
The Shining (1980) ...
The Exorcist (1973) ...
The Blair Witch Project (1999) ...
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) Photo : Everett. ...
Funny Games (1997) Photo : Attitude Films/ Courtesy Everett Collection.
What is the top 5 scariest movie in the world? ›
The List: Top 5 Horror Movies Of All-Time, As Ranked By Experts
Paranormal Activity (2007) ...
It Follows (2014)
Is horror movie good for brain? ›
The results of multiple studies approve that scary scenes advance the level of adrenaline, releasing neurotransmitters in the brain. Faster reaction, better alertness, improved concentration, and a plethora of other advantages can be witnessed as a result of a single movie session.
Can horror movies make you smarter? ›
It's a well-known fact that horror films improve brain activity. Several scientific studies found that frightening scenes in horror movies help increase the adrenaline level and release neurotransmitters in the brain. Simple words, watching horror films, people not only look at their monitors.
What was the very first horror movie? ›
Just a few years after the first filmmakers emerged in the mid-1890s, Mellies created "Le Manoir du Diable," sometimes known in English as "The Haunted Castle" or " The House of the Devil," in 1898, and it is widely believed to be the first horror movie.
Is it healthy to watch horror? ›
Haunted houses and scary movies may actually help reduce stress, lower anxiety. Here's how to have the best experience this Halloween. The fear you overcome from walking through haunted houses and watching classic Michael Myers movies this Halloween could help to lower your stress levels overall.
What is the #1 scariest movie on Netflix? ›
Raw. Year: 2016. Director: Julia Ducournou. ...
His House. Year: 2020. Director: Remi Weekes. ...
The Haunting of Hill House. Year: 2018. Director: Mike Flanagan. ...
Midnight Mass. Year: 2021. Director: Mike Flanagan. ...
It Follows. Year: 2015. ...
Creep. Year: 2014. ...
I'm Thinking of Ending Things. Year: 2020. ...
Crimson Peak. Year: 2015.
What movie has the most jump scares? ›
The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia is far and wide the most 'jumpy' horror movie ever made with 32 jump scares to enjoy throughout the film. Set in 1993.
What's the top 5 scariest movie on Netflix? ›
The Best Horror Movies on Netflix
#8. Cam (2018) 93% 53% #8. ...
#7. Sweetheart (2019) 93% 50% #7. ...
#6. Pan's Labyrinth (2006) 95% 91% #6. ...
#5. The Old Ways (2021) 95% 47% #5. ...
#4. Jaws (1975) 97% 90% #4. ...
#3. Under the Shadow (2016) 99% 73% #3. ...
#2. Creep 2 (2017) 100% 72% #2. ...
#1. His House (2020) 100% 74% #1.
What is scientifically the scariest movie? ›
These are the scariest movies according to science
Insidious (2011)
Terrified (2017)
A Quiet Place II (2020)
What is the number 1 scariest movie in America? ›
Nearly 45 years after its release, John Carpenter's "Halloween" still remains the gold standard for all horror movies.
Why is horror so addicting? ›
Ultimately, horror is addictive because it is exciting. The build-up and impact tends to be greater than any other genre and it responds much more to human nature than anything else. It's fun to be scared, to push yourself, and to sometimes have something you are told you can't have."
Do horror movies affect heart? ›
These can cause the release of the hormones in the body such as norepinephrine, cortisol, and adrenaline from the autonomic nervous system. You may notice a physiological response from these hormones by way of pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and muscle tension.
What do horror movies do to your body? ›
Physical reactions to terrifying images can include sweaty palms, tense muscles, a drop in skin temperature, a spike in blood pressure and an increased heart rate. Although horror movies do not directly impact the brain in a positive way, they can have a desensitization effect.
Do horror movies help you sleep? ›
If the content of horror movies doesn't bother you but you're still experiencing insomnia, it might not be the best idea to watch something scary right before bed. That's because all that suspense can increase physiological arousal in your body — the opposite of what helps you feel sleepy, Lindgren says.
Do horror movies reduce stress? ›
In one recent study, Clasen found that anxious people might get better at handling their own anxiety by watching scary movies. "There may be a relief in seeking out situations that give you a blast of well-defined fear with a clear source and a crucial element of control," he explains.
Are any horror movies real? ›
Horror films have produced some of the most iconic figures in pop culture. But not all scary movies are completely fictional — some are actually based on real life. For example, "The Conjuring" was based on the real life Perron family.
What is the only horror film to win an Oscar? ›
The psychological horror, The Silence of the Lambs, made history when it became the first, and only, horror film to win Best Picture at the Academy Awards.
What is the oldest horror story? ›
The genre was invented by Horace Walpole, whose Castle of Otranto (1765) may be said to have founded the horror story as a legitimate literary form.
Who invented horror? ›
Though the film industry began in the early 1800s, the horror genre officially got its start with Georges Méliès in the 1890s.
What horror made the most money? ›
Highest-grossing horror films
Worldwide gross
1 It $700,381,759
2 The Sixth Sense $672,806,292
3 I Am Legend $585,349,010
4 World War Z $540,007,876
What is the scariest horror monster? ›
The Scariest Movie Monsters, Ranked
7/7 The Bear - Annihilation.
6/7 Death Angels - A Quiet Place.
5/7 The Entity - It Follows.
4/7 The Babadook - The Babadook.
3/7 The Alien - The Thing.
2/7 Xenomorph - Alien.
1/7 Pennywise - It.
What is the highest grossing R rated horror film? ›
Box office revenue in million U.S. dollars
IT (2017) 327.48
The Exorcist (1973) 232.91
Get Out (2017) 176.04
The Blair Witch Project (1999) 140.54
9 more rows
Do horror movies help with depression? ›
Yes, apparently. Scrivner was the lead author of a January 2021 study that found that horror fans were more psychologically resilient during the pandemic, with movies like Contagion serving as a sort of practice simulation for the real thing.
Can horror movies cause PTSD? ›
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, exposure to media, television, movies, or pictures cannot cause PTSD. Symptoms of PTSD are: Re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including flashbacks and nightmares.
What is the most iconic horror movie scene? ›
1. Head-twist – The Exorcist (William Friedkin, 1973) Hitchcock's shower scene from Psycho may still hold up to this very day, but it's William Friedkin's head-twisting terror in The Exorcist that remains as iconic as it is terrifying.
Who is the scariest horror person? ›
Freddy Krueger (65%), Hannibal Lecter (60%), Michael Myers (60%) and Chucky (54%) are the horror villains most Americans find scary.
What scary movie is based on a true story? ›
The Amityville Horror (1979) Arguably the most famous horror film based on horrifying, allegedly real events, The Amityville Horror has spent more than four decades giving audiences a permanent case of night terrors with the story of a young couple and their house in Amityville, New York haunted by violent spirits.
Who is the best horror killer? ›
Though there are many to choose from, here is the list of the strongest horror movie villains in cinema history.
Death (Final Destination)
Pennywise the Dancing Clown (It) ...
Pazuzu (The Exorcist) ...
Deadites (The Evil Dead) ...
The Thing (The Thing) ...
Mister Babadook (The Babadook) ...
Pinhead (Hellraiser) ...
Who is the best horror killer of all time? ›
The Top 31 Horror Movie Villains
Michael Myers. Michael Myers is one of the most popular and enduring slasher movie villains.
Freddy Krueger. It's hard to argue with Freddy Krueger's track record. ...
Jason Voorhees. ...
The Xenomorphs. ...
Count Dracula. ...
Leatherface. ...
Hannibal Lecter. ...
Pinhead. ...
Who has the most kills in a horror movie? ›
Yet top of the pile is the legendary Jason Voorhees, with a whopping 170 kills over 12 movies.
What is the scariest psychological horror? ›
These must-see psychological horror movies will leave even the most reverent scary film fans questioning what's waiting out there in the darkness.
M (1931) ...
The Silence of the Lambs (1991) ...
The Sixth Sense (1999) ...
Misery (1990) ...
Se7en (1995) ...
Wait Until Dark (1967) ...
What is the most traumatizing horror movie? ›
The Best Disturbing Horror Movies
Faces of Death (1978) ...
Funny Games (1997) ...
Tetsuo: The Iron Man (1989) Tetsuo: The Iron Man (1989) ...
Oldboy (2003) Oldboy (2003) ...
High Tension (2003) High Tension (2003) ...
Men Behind the Sun (1988) Men Behind the Sun (1988) ...
Ichi the Killer (2001) Ichi the Killer (2001)
What is the best horror story of all time? ›
The Best Horror Novels of All Time
The Shining by Stephen King. ...
Dracula by Bram Stoker. ...
The Haunting of Hill House by Shirley Jackson. ...
Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin. ...
The Amityville Horror by Jay Anson. ...
Something Wicked This Way Comes by Ray Bradbury. ...
The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. ...
Hell House by Richard Matheson.
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