text:
HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1860s → 1860 → May 1860 → 24 May 1860 → Commons Sitting
CIVIL SERVICES.—COMMITTEE.
HC Deb 24 May 1860 vol 158 cc1661-77 1661
§ Order for Committee read.
§ MR. LAING
, in moving that the House resolve itself into a Committee of Supply, said it might be convenient that he should explain the difficulty which had led the Government to ask for a Vote on account 1662 for Civil Services, and the extent to which they intended to ask the House to vote money on account. The House was aware that the system of keeping the accounts for the Civil Services was essentially different from that of the army and navy. In the case of the army and navy, where there were only a few large Votes, the Votes were taken for the service of the current financial year and if at the end of the year; there was a balance in hand it must be handed over to the Exchequer, but if there was a deficiency it must be met by a further Vote within the year, power being vested in the Treasury to transfer a surplus from one account to meet a deficiency in another. In the case of the Civil Services, where the Votes were much more numerous and of a more miscellaneous character, that system had never been adopted. In fact, where the Votes extended, as they did last year, to so large a number as 197, it was impossible to adopt such a system, especially as the House never found it perfectly practicable to pass the Votes for Civil Services previous to the close of the financial year, on the 31st of March. Those services had been conducted by having a balance in the case of each particular Vote, for as respected them no power was vested in the Treasury, similar to that which obtained with regard to the naval and military services, of transferring a surplus from one account to make good a deficiency in another; therefore in the case of the Civil Services, when there was a deficiency in any Vote in consequence of circumstances that increased the expenditure after the Vote was taken, recourse must be had to the House for a supplemental Vote, although there might be a surplus in hand on some other Vote, which, however, could not be transferred to meet that particular deficiency. The present was not an exceptional or isolated case. It would have occurred about this time last year if the Votes had not been obtained at an earlier period. The course practically had been to have recourse, when occasion required, to the Vote for civil contingencies; but that Vote had been limited to £100,000, and was not sufficient to meet the deficiency that frequently occurred in carrying out the numerous objects involved in the miscellaneous service. The necessity had arisen during the last five or six years of obtaining either a large sum of money on account, or of taking up and considering the various Votes at an early period of the Session. Last 1663 year the difficulty which then arose from the dissolution was got over by a sum of £1,854,000 being taken in March. In the previous year a sum of £1,952,000 was taken in April; in May, 1857, when the dissolution occurred, there was taken a sum of £1,500,000 on account; in 1856 and 1855, the large sums of £5,194,000 and £4,867,000 were taken also on account. This year it was known to the House that, owing to the state of public business, no money had yet, though they were near the end of May, been obtained for the Civil Service. The consequence was, that the balances of many of these Votes had become exhausted, while in others they were nearly approaching to a state of exhaustion. It became necessary, therefore, either to obtain a Vote on account, or to do that which was objectionable —overdraw particular accounts, and thus intrench on the provisions of the Appropriation Act. He had asked the heads of departments to go carefully over the various Votes, and to ascertain the outside amount that would be required to prevent the overdrawing of accounts, supposing the Session to be protracted to an unusually late period, and the Estimates not voted by the House of Commons till a very late period, as was the case last year. The result of their calculations went to show that a sum of £1,468,000 was required to prevent that course being taken on the supposition that the regular Votes were not passed till the month of August. There were several precedents for taking a large Vote on account in the way now proposed. Some of them he had already mentioned. In 1848, when the Committee on the Estimates was sitting, a Vote was taken on account, as it was not thought desirable to go on with the Estimates till that Committee reported. A similar Committee was now sitting, and therefore what was done in 1848 might so far be taken as a precedent; but the strongest authority for the course now proposed was to be found in the Report of the Committee on public moneys, which recommended that in difficulties similar to the present, a sum should be taken on account for such services as had been sanctioned by Parliament in a previous Session. When a sum was taken under that limitation the control of Parliament was to a great extent preserved, because, one the one hand, no new service would he begun under such a Vote, and on the other hand the Vote for the old services would never be more than was necessary to carry 1664 them on for the current quarter. In the Estimate now submitted to the House this principle was strictly acted upon. No Vote for any new service was introduced, and no more was asked than was required to carry on the service for the current quarter. The Government felt that there were considerations in the State of the public business this year which might render the present an expedient time to moot the larger question whether this system should be introduced as a general rule in future. They therefore limited the Vote to such a sum as was absolutely necessary to carry on the public service till after the Whitsun holidays. The Estimate had accordingly been accurately revised with that view, and all that the Government asked from the House was a sum of £400,000, which would be distributed over ten votes. These Votes were, on account of printing and stationery, £30,000; County Courts, £35,000; Irish constabulary, £82,000; Education in Great Britain, £100,000; consuls abroad, £54,000; prisons, &c, £20,000; sundry temporary commissions, £12,000; slave trade, £ 12,000; civil contingencies, £54,000; Dublin police, £7,000. On a close investigation of the accounts this amount was found to be indispensable in order to prevent the confusion that would arise from overdrawing the accounts during the holidays. He trusted there would be no objection to the House going into Committee of Supply.
§ MR. AUGUSTUS SMITH
said, he very much regretted the Government proposed to take that Vote, as he greatly objected to the system of taking money on account. Complaints had been made in former Sessions that the Estimates were delayed; yet notwithstanding all that had been said as to the propriety of laying the Estimates on the table at an early period of the Session every Government that was in power adhered to the practice of bringing them in late in the Session, so late that it was impossible to give them the attention which they deserved. Her Majesty's Government should recollect that the Estimates were not to be considered as a reason for voting the money required as a matter of course. He should feel it to be his duty to oppose the Motion for going into Committee, and he should take the sense of the House on the subject.
§ MR. W. WILLIAMS
said, he agreed that the Government were taking a most objectionable course, for when a sum was once taken on account any discussion upon 1665 the Vote afterwards was useless. That I was quite a new practice, which had only obtained within the last three or four years. A few nights ago the Government obtained a large sum on account for the Army Estimates, and now they asked for another sum on account for the Civil Service Estimates. He thought that as the Government knew at the commencement of the Session what the requirements of the service were, they ought to be prepared to bring forward the Estimates at a period sufficiently early to prevent any such contingency arising as the present. He should support the hon. Gentleman in opposing so objectionable a course as that proposed, although it would, perhaps, be better to do so in Committee. The House ought certainly to express its opinion in respect to so objectionable a practice.
§ MR. WALPOLE
Sir, I trust that the House will feel it to be its duty to give a strong expression of its opinion on this subject; but whether that expression shall be made on your leaving the chair, or when we get into Committee and know the particular reasons for proposing these Votes on account, I am not able to say. I think we had better go into Committee, but I am alarmed at the grounds put forward by the hon. Secretary to the Treasury for going into Committee of Supply with the view of voting this money on account. This is an entirely new proceeding on the part of the Government. The reasons given by the hon. Gentleman appear to me to be insufficient. The only precedents are two. One of them was made with the knowledge of the House when a great hiatus was likely to occur in the proceedings of the House in consequence of a dissolution. The other occurred when the House determined to take upon itself to examine the Miscellaneous Estimates, and when, therefore, the Government could not with propriety proceed with these Estimates until that examination was over. But what is it we are now asked to do? By the notice of Motion in the Supplementary Estimate recently circulated, the House was led to suppose that the Government was about to ask for not £400,000, but £1,400,000 on account; and I observed particularly that, when the Secretary to the Treasury was pressing this on the consideration of the House, he made out a case, not for voting money on account to meet a particular exigency, but to meet the possibility of the House sitting till August, and not being able to go on with them. This is what 1666 alarms me in the novel proceeding of the Government. I think it better not to oppose your leaving the chair, because the Government may have more reasons to give in Committee for voting this money on account; but when we get into Committee, we ought to scrutinize with the greatest minuteness the claims for these Votes on account. The Estimates ought to be proceeded with earlier in the Session, or this House will forfeit a much greater privilege than it is supposed to be about to hazard in another matter, for it is by these Estimates and by going into Committee of Supply alone that this House has an opportunity, before it grants a shilling of the public money, of demanding explanations with reference to all matters where they may be required. Postpone the Estimates and take money on account, and you deprive this House of the opportunity of bringing under the notice of Parliament any grievance that may require its interposition.
§ LORD HARRY VANE
said, he was glad that the right hon. Gentleman (Mr. Walpole) did not intend to support the Motion, which he trusted his hon. Friend would withdraw, against the House going into Committee. It was most desirable that the Estimates should be proceeded with at an earlier period of the Session, and that it should not become the habit of the Government to ask for Votes on account. But the Secretary to the Treasury had limited the amount of the sums he proposed to take on account, and the House would run no risk in voting only what was essential for the public service. The present proposal was so reasonable that he hoped there would be no opposition to it, since the House did not pledge itself to vote the whole of the money of which it was now asked to vote a part.
§ SIR STAFFORD NORTHCOTE
said, he thought that the statement of the hon. Gentleman the Secretary to the Treasury had somewhat changed the position of this question. Since the Notice Paper had been presented the Government had determined to ask only for money on account of ten items, and for £400,000 instead of £1,400,000. But it was a question of principle, and the House ought to know the precise meaning of the alteration that had been made. If the intention was to ask for money on account merely to enable the Government to get over the Whitsuntide holidays, and if it were understood that after the recess the House were to be asked 1667 to consider the Civil Service Estimates, the proposal would be of a moderate character. But if these Votes were proposed merely to enable the Estimates to be postponed until late in the Session, it was not a question of £1,400,000 or of £400,000, but of principle and precedent. Although he should be most reluctant to throw difficulties in the way of the Government, they ought to understand on what principle this money was asked for. His right hon. Friend (Mr. Walpole) had correctly stated that there were only three precedents for voting money on account—the dissolution in 1857, that of last year, and the appointment in 1848 of the Committee to revise the miscellaneous expenditure. Upon the last occasion the Votes were taken on account, in order to enable the House to deal with the Estimates after they got the Report of the Committee. There was, however, this difference, that it was not intended that the Committee which was appointed this year should express any opinion on the Estimates of the year. Their duty was to examine and report upon the Estimates only of the past year. The truth was that in all those three cases the ground on which the Votes were given on account was one, not of convenience, but of principle. When the House of Commons was about to be dissolved it would obviously be very improper for the House to proceed to vote all the details of the expenditure, and commit the country to their views. That was a duty which should be reserved for the now House of Commons which was to be elected. He understood, therefore, that the principle on which the Votes on account were taken in 1857 and 1859 was simply that, as the House was about to be dissolved, it was necessary that the settlement of the expenditure should be left to the following Parliament. Such was not the case at this moment. The hon. Gentleman the Secretary of the Treasury cited the authority of the Committee on Public Moneys for the course proposed; but the report of that Committee was by no means applicable to such a case. That Report recommended that the same principle should be adopted in voting and auditing grants for the civil service as for the army and navy. The grants for the latter services were voted in large sums to be expended during the year, as had been explained by the Secretary to the Treasury. It was suggested that the civil service Votes were taken so late in the year that to adopt the same course with regard to 1668 them as with the other Votes would have the effect of involving the Government in difficulties. The Committee, therefore, with reluctance, suggested that Votes should be taken on account, as the only way of getting out of the difficulty. Considerable hesitation was exhibited by the Committee in coming to that decision. The then Chancellor of the Exchequer (Sir G. C. Lewis) submitted a very able paper, which, to a great extent, formed the foundation of the Report, and in which he expressed some doubts as to the possibility of making any alteration in the mode of voting the Miscellaneous Estimates, because there was great difficulty in getting Parliament to pass all the Votes before the 1st of April. The Chairman of the Committee, the right hon. Baronet the Member for Portsmouth (Sir F. Baring), stated his opinion that to vote money on account of the civil service, without specific appropriation, would be open to serious objection, and that to take part Votes for one quarter on each separate head would lead practically to a double discussion. But although, as he had said, that decision was come to with much hesitation, a certain object was to be gained by it. In the present case, however, they were asked to take the same course without attaining any object. In truth, on looking at the circumstances of the case, and considering the course which was proposed, it would be seen that by adopting it the House would be exposed to one of two difficulties—either they must discuss the principle of these Votes now— in which case nothing was gained except that they would have to discuss them over again — or the principle of other Votes, which it was desirable should be discussed, would be withdrawn from consideration. They were told that the proposal now made was very moderate, because they were asked to vote money on only one or two Votes. But some of these Votes were in class 7, which was not before them. That was a very important class, and one in which very large reductions had been promised—reductions to the extent of over £200,000. If it was really necessary for the Government to get money for these two or three services in that class, they ought to have the specific Votes before them, in order that they might discuss them properly. But if they were to give these Votes on account and leave the rest till the end of the Session, the consequence would be that they would be brought before the House at a time when they could not re- 1669 ceivc proper consideration. He objected, therefore, to giving these Votes on account in class 7. It was not to the amount, but to the principle involved, that his objection chiefly referred. He was opposed to passing such Votes on account, unless on the distinct understanding that they would have the Estimates before them immediately after Whitsuntide, to be proceeded with in the proper manner.
§ LORD FERMOY
said, he objected on principle to Votes being taken on account, and he did not think that the Secretary to the Treasury had made out a special case for this occasion. A great deal of time had unquestionably been thrown away in the early part of the Session, not without due warning to the Government from himself and others that delay in the introduction of the Reform Bill would lead to a deadlock in the business of the country. It did not matter that the proposition now made was a moderate one. Unless the House of Commons made a stand, and protested against the practice of voting on account, they would find one Government after another announcing that they were pressed for money, and asking for a small sum on account, on the promise that the Estimates would be brought on afterwards. Every hon. Member who had spoken had objected to the principle, but it was of no use objecting to the principle unless something was done to prevent the practice. No one who listened to the speech of the Secretary of the Treasury could resist the conviction that it was not the intention of the Government to bring forward the Estimates before August; and if they were delayed till then, what opportunity would there be for properly discussing them? Another view of the question was, that the Vote of so much money on account was virtually a sort of Vote of Confidence in the Government. Now, the present was a very critical time. An important step would have to be taken by the Government in regard to a matter pending between this House and the other; and, for his own part, he could say that the confidence he would be disposed to place in the Government would depend very much on the nature of the step they took. The country surely could not be so completely short of funds that the Votes of Credit could not be postponed for a week or ten days, by which time the Committee which was to be appointed to-morrow would be enabled to report as to precedents. He would, therefore, press the Government to defer 1670 the taking of the Votes on account till at least after Whitsuntide.
§ MR. DISRAELI
Sir, I have no wish to mix the question now before us with any other. I will confine myself, therefore, to the proposition which the Government have submitted to us. On occasions like the present, notwithstanding the constitutional suspicion with which the House ought to view propositions of this kind, I am myself always inclined to facilitate the course of public business, and to give any Gentlemen who sit on the Treasury bench that fair assistance in conducting the affairs of the House which they have a right to expect from Parliament. It is impossible, however, to assent to this proposition without some consideration. The House should clearly understand the proposition that is made, because I cannot at all agree with the noble Lord the Member for Hastings (Lord H. Vane) in his view. The noble Lord seemed to entertain objections of a very serious character to any course of this kind, provided the demand had been a large one; but as it was, comparatively speaking, so small in relation to that originally asked, and positively speaking, so trifling in itself, he did not see how the House could properly refuse the application. To my mind the small amount of the proposition would rather add to its objectionable character, in case I felt it my duty on the whole to offer no opposition to the plan of the Government. Because, what is the view of the public business given to us by the Secretary of the Treasury? He certainly, as has been observed by the noble Lord who spoke last, and as was generally felt by both sides of the House, conveyed the impression that there was no immediate prospect of the House forming itself into a Committee of Supply to consider the Civil Service Estimates. Well, what will be the position of the House if, a fortnight hence, when this supply is exhausted, a similar proposition, equally small, is made? The House may be occupied at that time with business, supposed to be of great interest and importance, and an appeal may then be equally successful if it is urged as to-night, that surely the House has sufficient confidence in the Government to supply them with funds to carry on the urgent business of the country for another week or fortnight? Therefore, although the application may be small, the precedent may be large; and therefore it is only as a precedent, involving a principle, that the House has really to decide upon the question be- 1671 fore it. I entirely assent to the arguments of my right hon. Friend the Member for the University of Cambridge (Mr. Walpole. I agree with him in all his arguments, and the only part in which I do not agree with him is the conclusion at which he arrives. It appeared to me that every reason urged by my right hon. Friend would have induced him to arrive at a conclusion the reverse to that which he reached; and, so far from thinking that this is not the opportunity upon which the House should come to a decision, whatever that decision may be, I am of opinion that it is upon the question that you, Sir, shall leave the chair that—a principle being involved, and we being called upon to establish a precedent—the House ought to treat the matter frankly and fully, and arrive at their decision upon it. Upon the subject of precedent I need hardly touch, because I think the admission of the Secretary to the Treasury is conclusive. All the precedents which he adduced proved that it was a course which the House adopted only under extraordinary circumstances, such as impending dissolutions of Parliament, changes of Ministry, references to the House itself of the Estimates; and in the present Session none of those extraordinary circumstances exist. I therefore think that we may fairly throw aside all precedents. We are called upon to-night to make a precedent. On the subject of amount it does not appear to me that it is of the slightest consequence whether the application of the Government be for £500,000 or £1,500,000. As far as the Government is concerned it is a question of confidence. I and every Gentleman sitting on these benches are perfectly prepared to give them that confidence, provided there is a clear understanding of the terms upon which that confidence is to be given. If the public service is in such a state that there really are not in the Exchequer funds to carry it on from day to day, I am disposed to come to the assistance of the Government. I will not go out of the way to inquire whether a great deal of time has been wasted. I will not read the list of the meetings of the House to show that, although Parliament was called together in January, a fortnight passed before any business was transacted, or that even on one or two nights the Government did not take advantage of opportunities to go into Committee of Supply. I will not stop to inquire why we have not yet been regularly in Committee of Supply. If the service of 1672 the country absolutely requires it, I will not enter into any discussion whether the sum shall be £500,000 or £1,500,000. The condition which I make with the Government, and which I think it right to make, and which I think the House of Commons ought to make, is this,—If we are ready to extend this fair confidence, will they engage that we shall have fair opportunities and legitimate occasions of entering into that criticism and examination of the Estimates of the Government which is our right and privilege? To ask us to enter into an investigation of the Estimates in August, as the Secretary to the Treasury tells us, or even in the month of July, is not a fair constitutional fulfilment of the conditions which, I think, the House in giving its confidence to the Government has a right to demand. That is the real point, and if the noble Lord or the right hon. Gentleman will rise and tell us that it is impossible, for want of Supplies, to carry on the business of the country until next Thursday, when we meet and can, if the Government please, go into Committee of Supply, every one will be perfectly willing to grant that which they require; but we ought to make a constitutional condition. When they ask this unusual assistance from the House, they ought to say: When the holidays are over we will go as early as possible into Committee of Supply, continue to take Supply, and give to the House the legitimate opportunities of investigating the expenditure of the country and of bringing before the consideration of Parliament those grievances which it is the privilege of the House of Commons to bring forward under those circumstances. If Her Majesty's Government frankly tell us that they are prepared to do that, which I conclude a Minister of the Crown cannot hesitate for a moment in doing—if they will enter into a clear engagement that when the holidays are over, next Thursday, we shall go into Committee of Supply, that these Estimates shall be submitted to us, that we shall not be deprived of our constitutional right to examine the Civil Service Estimates, and to see whether in our minds they are of the proper amount and character, and that we shall have the opportunity on those occasions of bringing subjects under consideration which it is usual to bring forward when Estimates are moved, I shall support the proposition of Her Majesty's Government. But if that offer be not accepted—if we are called on to establish a most dangerous precedent, 1673 and to go on through the remainder of the Session voting aids and credits without the advantage of going into Committee of Supply, thereby risking the loss of those privileges which are most valuable, and of which we are most proud, then I shall feel it my duty to support the hon. Gentleman. I only ask the House to remember the position in which it is placed. Certainly two-thirds, if not more, of the usual Session has already passed, and we have scarcely gone into Committee of Supply as far as the exercise of any real control over the expenditure of the country or of the privilege of obtaining redress of grievances is concerned. There is also, from the admission of the Secretary to the Treasury, a prospect that the remaining portion of the Session will also pass without the House having the enjoyment of those advantages. I trust that I have placed the question fairly before the House, and treated it in a constitutional point of view. As I have said, I shall support Her Majesty's Government if they enter into that engagement, but otherwise I shall support the hon. Gentleman who has moved the Amendment.
§ VISCOUNT PALMERSTON
Sir, it is quite true, as the hon. Gentleman says, that there is a financial necessity for a Vote for these services,—not that the Exchequer is empty, but that we have not yet Parliamentary authority to apply the money; and unless Parliamentary authority is given the services must suffer great inconvenience, and the public interest be seriously prejudiced. That is the simple ground upon which, we apply to Parliament for these Votes on account. I cannot admit that an application to Parliament for a Vote on account of Estimates already presented is at all a matter without precedent. It is a matter of almost annual occurrence. Nor do I see any great distinction between these Miscellaneous Estimates and Estimates for the Army and Navy, except that perhaps the latter are more important and present a greater number of subjects upon which it is desirable opinions should be expressed. There is nothing unparliamentary or unconstitutional, when the necessity arises, to ask for Votes on account of the larger services of the army and navy; and I cannot see what Parliamentary or constitutional objection can be raised in principle to a Vote on account of consular establishments, education, or any of these different heads of the Miscellaneous Estimates, which are infinitely 1674 less important than those upon which Parliament by practice has acquiesced in the principle of Votes on account. It has been stated that the necessity for Votes of account on these Miscellaneous Estimates does not often occur, and why? Because these Estimates—and here I may appeal to the recollection of hon. Members to bear me out—come on late in the Session, and are frequently not finished till late in July, and the House has usually found nothing in that advanced period of the Session to prevent it giving the necessary attention to the details of these Votes. We are accused of negligence in not having brought these Vstimates sooner before the attention of the House, but I beg to recall to the recollection of hon. Gentlemen that we called Parliament together ten days earlier than usual. We showed no disinclination at all events to meet Parliament at the earliest possible period consistent with the convenience of hon. Members—in fact we were somewhat blamed for having anticipated the usual period for its assembling. Have we, during the period which has elapsed from that time to this, abstained from submitting to Parliament measures of importance and general interest deserving their consideration? Parliament, in fact, has been uninterruptedly occupied by measures of the greatest national importance. I am not at all disposed to cavil at the length of time which the House has thought fit to devote to the consideration of the weighty measures submitted to them—the French Treaty, the Reform Bill, the Budget, and the financial measures springing out of it. They were perfectly justified in discussing them at length, but a great deal of time has, in fact, been occupied by these discussions, and they have so far interfered with the ordinary course of public I business in regard to the Estimates, that at this moment we have not been able to give to the Army and Navy Estimates, which generally take precedence of the Miscellaneous Estimates, sufficient time to enable us to complete them. If the Miscellaneous Estimates, therefore, have been postponed to the present time, it is not our fault, but the result of that course which the House of Commons in the performance of its duty has thought fit to adopt with regard to the measures of first-rate importance which were submitted to it, and which deserved all the attention bestowed on them. Blame ought not to be thrown on us for a result which is no fault of ours, but which has arisen from the length of time the House 1675 has, in the discharge of its duty, thought fit to give to important business. The right hon. Gentleman opposite made very light of the observation of my noble Friend, that the objection to this course is diminished in proportion to the diminution of the sum asked for; but I think, even in his own view of the case, that observation had great force. The amount of money to be voted is equivalent in meaning to a certain portion of time, and those who object to these Votes on account to carry on a certain service, on the ground that they place the remainder of the Vote in a certain degree out of the control of Parliament, ought to feel that the diminution of the sum voted on account, as it involves the necessity of an earlier recurrence to Parliament for the remainder of the services, very much removes the objection to this course. The right hon. Gentleman says he is quite willing to agree to this Vote provided the Government will undertake that the details of these Estimates shall be submitted to the House at a time and in a manner which shall enable it to give to them the full and fair consideration which is necessary for the due discharge of its constitutional functions. Undoubtedly that is an undertaking which we are perfectly ready to enter into. Indeed, it seems to me to follow as a matter of course from that power which the House of Commons has over the Government. It is an engagement to which we can scarcely be said to be parties, because the House has the matter entirely in its own hands. The Votes now asked for will enable the Government to carry on the services till about the middle of June, and beyond that time nothing can be done without the sanction of the House. When the right hon. Gentleman, therefore, asks us to enter into such an arrangement, he is rather derogating from the constitutional power of the House, because we are in the hands of the House. No further money can be issued without the authority of the House, and that authority, of course, the House will not continue to give, unless it has an opportunity of entering fully and fairly into a discussion of all the details for which the money is required, and exercising their undoubted right of control.
§ MR. BENTINCK
It would be more satisfactory if the noble Lord would state in what manner he understands the engagement into which he professes his readiness to enter. When does he propose that we should go into Committee of Supply?
It is perfectly impossible to fix the exact day.
§ SIR FRANCIS BARING
The hon. Baronet opposite (Sir S. Northcote) referred to some suggestion of mine in reference to the Public Moneys Committee; but the Report of that Committee has, in reality, nothing whatever to do with the point before us. It related exclusively to certain arrangements which were proposed, but which would have necessitated a change in the mode of voting the Estimates, and the question with the Committee was how to get over that difficulty. But the real question before the House is this:—The Government state to the House that they require certain sums for the public service to carry them on till after the holidays, and I confess I am surprised to hear from hon. Gentlemen opposite that their principles are such that they refuse to go into Committee to ascertain whether those moneys are actually required by the Government or not. If the Government were prepared to ask sums which would throw off the consideration of the Estimates to an unreasonable extent, I can understand that sum being cut down in Committee to a proper amount; but, when the Government have stated that the public service requires certain sums to be granted, I would ask hon. Gentlemen opposite whether they will take on themselves the responsibility of refusing to go into Committee for the consideration of the votes asked for.
§ SIR JOHN PAKINGTON
The right hon. Baronet has misunderstood the feeling which prevails on this side of the House. My right hon. Friend made it perfectly clear that we have no desire to cause any public inconvenience. The speech of the noble Lord was directed entirely to an attempt to draw the House from the fact that the proposal of the Government is intended to establish a precedent, and that one of a very objectionable and dangerous character; and in guarding against that precedent, the language of my right hon. Friend and the general feeling on this side of the House showed that we had no desire to cause any public inconvenience. We have asked the Government to state distinctly whether there will be any injury to the public service by delaying this grant to Thursday evening next, and, if the Government will give us that assurance, we are ready to go into Committee at once; but they ought not to call on us to go into Committee without some assurance of that 1677 sort. If there is any necessity for the grant being made immediately, it is the Government who are to blame for bringing us into that condition. Parliament certainly did meet earlier than usual this year, but for the first fortnight nothing was done. We rose every night at eight or nine o'clock for the first fortnight, and, therefore, we have a right to blame the Government for making this Vote on account necessary, if necessary it be. Without some assurance of the sort, I should object to setting a precedent, for I deny that one already exists. The only way in which we can guard against that precedent being established, is by voting now against the Motion that you, Sir, do leave the chair, unless the Government will promise that they will bring these Estimates before us on Thursday next.
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Thursday Must Read: State Dems Gut Redevelopment; They Also Vote to Force Amazon.com to Charge Sales Tax
1. Democratic legislators voted yesterday to gut redevelopment agencies throughout California in a move that likely will prompt cities to sue the state if Governor Brown signs the bill into law. According to the Mercury News, the legislature's vote on redevelopment was part of the budget package approved by Democratic lawmakers without Republican support. The bill calls for forcing redevelopment agencies statewide to pay a total of $1.7 billion beginning July 1 to schools, fire protection districts, and transit districts. If the bill is upheld, it could force many redevelopment agencies to shut down, or at least require them to forgo major construction projects.
2. State Democrats, meanwhile, also voted to force Amazon.com and Overstock.com to begin collecting sales taxes on purchases made by Californians, the Merc reports. The bill, if signed by Brown, is expected to generate $200 million in annual tax revenues in the state. It also promises to be a boost for brick-and-mortar retailers who are at a disadvantage because they collect sales taxes from customers. However, both Amazon.com and Overstock.com have threatened to stop doing business in California if the bill becomes law.
3. State Dems also backed away from Governor Brown's threat of an "all-cuts" budget if Republicans refused to put his tax-extension measures on the ballot. Along with the Amazon.com bill, the budget approved by Democrats yesterday includes a series of accounting gimmicks, along with an increase to the vehicle license fee, an extension of a one-quarter sales tax hike, and a new fee on rural homes to pay for firefighting.
4. A large majority of Californians are ready to overhaul the state's three-strikes law in the wake of a US Supreme Court decision that forces the state to release 30,000 prison inmates because of extreme overcrowding, the SacBee reports, citing a new Field Poll. The poll found that 74 percent of Californians favor easing the strict three-strikes law to allow judges and juries to met out lesser sentences.
5. The state's drought, which resulted in less water for farms, did not play a significant role in the Central Valley's economic collapse, the Chron and CoCo Times reports, citing a new in-depth study from the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based environmental research organization. The study found that high unemployment in the Central Valley was caused primarily by the housing-market meltdown — just like it was for the rest of the country. Central Valley farmers had blamed water shortages for their economic problems.
6. Oakland's Pandora Media had a hugely successful initial public offering yesterday, as the online music company finished trading with a $2.78 billion market valuation.
7. Former longtime Oakland City Councilman Dick Spees and former Oakland City Manager Henry Gardner penned an op-ed in today's Tribune, urging the city council to put Mayor Jean Quan's $11 million parcel tax on the ballot.
8. And New York Congressman Anthony Weiner plans to resign his seat in the House of Representatives today because of his sexting scandal.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


TAKING AMERICA BACK is about freedom, the freedom the founding generation of leaders fought for in establishing the United States. As a nation, we have moved from being freedom fighters to comfort lovers, and it is time for all liberty-loving Americans to realize where our present state of affairs is taking us. It is time to choose the kind of country in which we want to live -- whether we want to live under the rule of law or under the rule of man. The choice is simple: the world of standards and morality, self-government and accountability to God or the world of tyranny and ever-changing moral codes enforced by government. How can Americans take back their nation? The only way we can reestablish our freedom -- our God-given rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness -- is to break the hammerlock of statism and the notion that moral relativism holds the answers to ordering people's passions and behavior.
Take a stand for the freedom the founding generation of leaders fought for in establishing the United States with the great patriotic pattern!


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{{Infobox Montagnes russes
| nom = Euro-Mir
| lieu = Europa-Park, Rust
| pays = Allemagne
| zone =  Russie
| image = Europa-Park - Euro-Mir (13).JPG
| légende = Vue d'ensemble dEuro-Mir| ouvert = 1997
| constructeur = Mack Rides
| conception = Projecteur Euro-Mir
| structure = Métal
| type = Montagnes russes tournoyantes
| modele = Mack Ride Electro Spinning coaster
| hauteur = 28,30
| longueur = 984
| vitesse = 80
| accélération = 4
| inversion = 0
| angle_max = 32
| chute = 27,2
| duree = 4 min 33
| capacité =
| taille = 1,30
| cout =
| id_rcdb = 972
}}Euro-Mir''''' est un parcours de montagnes russes du parc d'attractions Europa-Park construite par la société Mack Rides. Cette attraction fut inaugurée en 1997 et donna lieu à la création du quartier Russe : c'est l'attraction la plus importante de ce quartier. .

La caractéristique principale de ce parcours de montagnes russes est que les wagons tournent sur eux-mêmes pendant le circuit. Sachant que chaque wagon est composé de 4 sièges (deux en avant et deux en arrière, on y est assis dos à dos), il est possible de découvrir l'attraction de deux façons différentes : une fois en avant et l'autre fois en arrière.

Si certaines personnes ne veulent pas faire l'attraction, elles peuvent visiter la station Mir (qui est un ancien module d'entraînement des astronautes).

Le parcours
Le décor de l'attraction est constitué de 5 grandes tours que les wagons contournent plusieurs fois.
La montée se passe dans la plus grande des tours à l'environnement spatial avec une musique techno intitulée "Liftoff" ou "Projekt Euromir".

Arrivés au sommet, les visiteurs peuvent admirer l'ensemble du parc d'une hauteur de . Les wagons avancent alors de plus en plus rapidement avec des virages de 180° en tournant sur eux-mêmes, jusqu'à une première descente où les wagons se stabilisent pour atteindre une vitesse de .

Après cela, les modules font un demi-tour, les passagers situés vers l'avant se retrouvent en arrière et inversement. La suite du parcours est constituée de virages serrés procurant des sensations importantes, particulièrement pour les passagers qui ont le dos tourné vers l'avant du train.

Remarque : contrairement à une croyance populaire, il est possible de choisir dans quel sens les visiteurs veulent effectuer le circuit. En effet, si les visiteurs se positionnent de dos lors de l'installation dans le wagon, ils effectueront la première descente en arrière ainsi que le reste du parcours en avant. Si les visiteurs choisissent de se positionner de face, ils effectueront la première descente en avant et le reste en arrière.

Le parcours se finit par plusieurs virages en passant entre et dans les tours avant d'être freiné pour entrer dans un tunnel afin de rejoindre la gare plus calmement.

Caractéristiques
 Type de montagnes russes : montagnes russes tournoyantes
 Longueur du parcours :
 Vitesse :
 Nombre de personnes par train : 16
 Nombre de trains : 9
 Durée : 4 min 33 s
 Débit théorique maximal :  personnes par heure
 Hauteur max :
 Puissance électrique : env. 332 kW
 Poids de l'attraction : env.  tonnes
 Nombre de frein(s) : 11

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Europa-Park
 Mack Rides
 Montagnes russes tournoyantes
 Mir (station spatiale)

Liens externes
  Euro-Mir sur le site d'Europa-Park
  Fiche d'Euro-Mir sur Roller Coaster Data Base

Montagnes russes en métal
Montagnes russes tournoyantes
Mack Rides
Attraction d'Europa Park
Montagnes russes en Allemagne
Attraction sur le thème de l'espace

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Asad Ul Haq is all set to work on two new projects as he is out of the DMPS's situation now which was very hard and challenging because the audience didn't like the movie much.
One of the main reasons of the failure, as told by Asad Ul Haq, was the movie's script.
"I don't think anything went wrong. All I can say is that maybe there was too much hype, and that wasn't because of me. The lead cast had created a lot of buzz and the music, too, had become very popular. People were expecting a Bollywood film from me," Asad Ul Haq told to Express Tribune in an interview.
He also mentioned that other feature films like Moor, Jawani Phir Nahi Aani and Ho Mann Jahan had some flaws too and that directors are experimenting currently.
So, the director said that he is over Dekh Magar Pyaar Se and that he is looking forward to do two more projects.
"I am sure I will shoot something in 2017. I will start the paper work soon," said Asad.
He didn't mention much other than that he is searching for the perfect scripts. Watch this space to stay updated about his upcoming projects.
Previous article"Disco funk is my staple diet" – Zoe Viccaji!


Dyer & Butler strives to make a positive impact on local communities, bringing real benefits through training and employment opportunities, as well as supply chain opportunities and support for local schools and charities.
We understand that the work we undertake has an impact on local communities and the far reaching public. Therefore, our project teams will work closely with local communities in advance of any work commencement as well as during, to keep them fully informed of all issues which might affect them. This is often done through local radio, newspaper or installing a Scheme Notice Board at an agreed location which is consistently updated. Where possible, work is always scheduled to avoid inconvenience; however, there are occasions when emergency repairs are needed to ensure road, air and water based traffic resumes safely to pre-emergency levels.
Having a locally based labour force is something Dyer & Butler actively pursues; this provides significant benefits for communicating the news of planned works and emergency repairs. This, alongside our pursuit for locally sourced materials, has also helped us build an enviable record of delivering projects that harmonise with communities wherever we work. This approach allows us to create opportunities and to engage with local groups and individuals who are directly affected by our project work. It also provides the opportunity to add value for the local community and our customers by developing a more caring view of infrastructure assets.
Dyer & Butler is deeply committed to educating and aiding those who aspire to work in the construction industry. Our interaction with those in local schools and colleges enables us to provide the necessary help and information to help make their aspirations become a reality.
We work closely with students and graduates to discuss and advise on the different career opportunities available in the construction industry, and we are able to organise visits to construction sites (whilst always keeping health and safety in mind) that are of particular interest. We offer a range of opportunities to help younger people achieve their goals; these include graduate training programmes, work experience and apprenticeships. We also work with charities and government agencies to provide employment opportunities to young offenders, care leavers and ex-military personnel.
Aside from providing help with careers, we are extremely passionate and dedicated to educating children about the dangers of construction sites, therefore we are able to visit local schools to give talks and raise awareness.


text:
Tools to Support Your Learning Journey
We've created a pool of resources, guided by the areas in which we work. Here, you will find past publications, reports, and links to various eLearning resources. Use the filters and search box below to find what you need.
HIV Care and Sexual Health Assessment for American Indian and Alaska Native Patients
The Urban Indian Health Institute created and funded this course, designed to support staff in providing optimal HIV prevention, screening, and treatment in any primary care setting, with a focus on staff in Tribal and Urban Indian health settings, in a culturally sensitive manner to people of all genders and sexual orientations.
Topic TopicEconomic Well-BeingEducation, Youth, and FamiliesEquityHealth and Well-Being
Type TypeeLearningGuide/ToolkitPublication
Raising Awareness and Offering Help for Mental Health and Substance Use
This course is designed to increase awareness about issues related to mental health and substance use for community health workers (CHW) and other health care professionals who work in community-based settings.
Opioid Use and Misuse in Women and Girls: Factors, Signs and Next Steps
This course is designed as an overview of risk factors related to opioid use, warning signs, and steps that health care professionals can take to support their clients, with a focus on women and girls.
Planning School-Based Health at Nova High School
Report: Nova High School received FEPP Levy funds for the creation of a school-based health center (SBHC), and worked with Cardea to plan their SBHC through effective stakeholder convening and feedback, synthesis of new and existing information, and developing recommendations for a model of service delivery.
This course is designed as an overview of learning styles and training techniques and of ethics and confidentiality issues community health workers, health educators, and others who are new to in-person training.
Prenatal to Five Developmental Screening, Referral, and Connection to Services in King County: A Report from a Participatory Landscape Analysis
With support from Best Starts for Kids, Cardea partnered with the Developmental Disabilities and Early Childhood Supports (DDECS) Division of King County and WithinReach on a participatory landscape analysis to better understand successes, gaps, and disparities around developmental screening, referral, and connection to services in King County, Washington.
How Do I Help My Clients Make Changes to Improve Their Health? An Introduction to Motivational Interviewing for CHWs
This course is designed as an introduction to motivational interviewing for community health workers.
Drop Your Assumptions and Pick Up the Evidence: Strategies for Communication with Parents about Vaccines
Cardea collaborated with Spokane Regional Health District and WithinReach in Washington State on this course, designed to support providers in identifying characteristics of vaccine-hesitant parents, describe the importance of provider-parent communication, and identify communication strategies that address the concerns of vaccine-hesitant parents.
Combination Prevention – Working with Clients to Stop HIV Transmission
This course is designed to support providers in delivering client-centered care related to advances in HIV biomedical interventions such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment as prevention (TasP).
Let's Talk about Sex… Education
These calls provide an opportunity for educators to have access to Sex Ed experts and visionary thinkers.
Talking to Teens about Contraceptives
This course is designed as an overview of the variety of contraceptive options available and covers ways that health care staff, especially community health workers, can start conversations with teenagers and young adults about those options, including abstinence.
Load More Resources


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Create an account and receive preferred pricing, sales/technical support, access to order history, and quote upcoming projects.


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Futatsuryū Jun'ichi
Futatsuryū Jun'ichi (双津竜 順一, born Jun'ichi Yamamoto; February 28, 1950 – August 12, 2014) was a sumo wrestler from Hokkaidō, Japan. After retirement he became the head coach of Tokitsukaze stable. Following his involvement in the hazing and death of trainee Takashi Saito, in October 2007 he became the first serving stablemaster to be dismissed by the Japan Sumo Association. In May 2009 he was sentenced to six years in prison.[1] He died on August 12, 2014 of lung cancer.[2]
双津竜 順一
Yamamoto Jun'ichi
(1950-02-28)February 28, 1950
Hokkaidō, Japan
August 12, 2014(2014-08-12) (aged 64)
Tokitsukaze
Komusubi (July, 1979)
2 (Jūryō)
1 (Makushita)
* Up to date as of September 2007.
2 Retirement from sumo
3 Dismissal and trial
5 Career record
Born in Muroran, he made his professional debut in September 1963, at just 13 years of age. He reached the second highest jūryō division six years later in November 1969, after winning the third highest makushita division championship with a perfect 7-0 record from the rank of makushita 20 (before the rules were changed to make makushita 15 the lowest rank for juryo promotion in 1977). He made his debut in the top makuuchi division in March 1972 but was demoted back to the second division a number of times. He was ranked in the top division for 29 tournaments in total, peaking at komusubi rank in July 1979. This promotion was due to some banzuke luck as he had been ranked only at maegashira 7 in the previous tournament, but there were few other viable promotion candidates. He scored 4-11 in his komusubi debut, which was to be his only tournament in the sanyaku ranks. He was one of the heavier wrestlers in his time. His last top division tournament was in March 1980, but he continued to fight despite falling greatly in rank. He finished his career back in the makushita division.
Retirement from sumoEdit
He retired from active competition in November 1982, becoming an elder of the Sumo Association under the name Nishikijima. After nearly twenty years working as an assistant coach at his old heya, he became head of the stable when former ōzeki Yutakayama reached the mandatory retirement age in August 2002, and adopted the Tokitsukaze name. He oversaw the promotion of Tokitenkū and Toyonoshima to the top division in July and September 2004. In May 2007 he criticised Asashōryū for injuring Toyonoshima during training, and visited his wrestler in the hospital. He also served as a judge during tournament matches.
Dismissal and trialEdit
Main article: Tokitsukaze stable hazing scandal
It was reported on October 3, 2007 that he would be dismissed from the Sumo Association over his involvement in hazing which allegedly contributed to the death of a young recruit at Tokitsukaze stable.[3] Junior wrestler Tokitaizan, real name Takashi Saitō, collapsed and died in June after an intense training session called butsukari-geiko which reportedly lasted 30 minutes instead of the usual five. His death was originally put down to natural causes, but after Tokitsukaze pressed for a quick cremation the young wrestler's family insisted on an autopsy, which revealed the extent of his injuries.[4] Tokitsukaze admitted to police that the day before Tokitaizan's death he had hit him across the forehead with a beer bottle and allowed other wrestlers in the stable to strike Tokitaizan with a metal baseball bat.[3] It was also reported that Tokitsukaze failed to give Tokitaizan any aid and delayed calling an ambulance.[5] On October 5, the Sumo Association announced his dismissal.[6] They commented, "His actions were unbecoming as a stablemaster, he's outraged the public, and he's defiled the name of the Sumo Association."[7] He was the first serving stablemaster to be dismissed from sumo (Yamahibiki Oyakata, the former komusubi Maenoshin had been dismissed in January 1997, but was an assistant coach and not a head coach).
On February 7, 2008, he and three sumo wrestlers were arrested for accidental mortality.[8] Yamamoto admitted for the first time that Tokitaizan was tied to a pole and beaten for up to 20 minutes. He continued to deny the charges against him however, saying "it was not assault, it was discipline."[7] On 18 December 2008, three sumo wrestlers were found guilty but received suspended sentences because they could not fight Yamamoto's commandment.[9] They were all dismissed from sumo. Yamamoto's trial was conducted separately because he had continued to deny the charges, and began in February 2009.[10]
On 29 May 2009, he was jailed for six years.[11] The Nagoya District Court found that he had "overwhelming authority" over the three wrestlers who he had ordered to carry out the beating, even though he had not directly taken part himself.[11] He immediately appealed the ruling and was released on bail. He then reportedly requested severance pay from the Sumo Association in the region of 20 million yen (200,000 USD).[12] The two sides reached an out-of-court settlement in January 2010, the details of which were not disclosed. In July 2011 he gave an interview in which he claimed to be involved in yaocho or match-fixing at least ten times in his career, but insisted he was "framed" over Tokitaizan's death. His final appeal was rejected in August 2011 and a five-year jail term was finalized.[13]
He died of lung cancer on August 12, 2014 at the age of 64. He had still been in jail but was moved to a hospital as his condition deteriorated.
Career recordEdit
Futatsuryū Jun'ichi[14]
Year in sumo
Hatsu basho, Tokyo
Haru basho, Osaka
Natsu basho, Tokyo
Nagoya basho, Nagoya
Aki basho, Tokyo
Kyūshū basho, Fukuoka
(Maezumo) (Maezumo)
(Maezumo) West Jonokuchi #23
West Jonokuchi #8
East Jonidan #97
East Jonidan #108
West Jonidan #54
East Sandanme #83
West Sandanme #44
West Makushita #82
East Makushita #93
West Sandanme #6
East Makushita #9
West Jūryō #13
East Jūryō #7
West Jūryō #4
East Jūryō #10
East Maegashira #9
West Maegashira #6
East Maegashira #11
West Maegashira #13
Sat out due to injury
East Komusubi #1
West Makushita #8
0–0–7 East Makushita #50
Record given as win-loss-absent Top Division Champion Top Division Runner-up Retired Lower Divisions
Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique Also shown: ★=Kinboshi(s); P=Playoff(s)
Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi
Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira
^ "Former stable master gets six years for young wrestler's hazing death". Japan Times. 30 May 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
^ "元時津風親方が死去 64歳" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
^ a b "Stable master faces ax over wrestler's hazing death". Japan Times Online. 2007-10-03. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
^ "Heavy hitters". The Economist. 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
^ "Neglect alleged in sumo death". Japan Times Online. 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
^ "Japan sumo boss fired over death". BBC. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
^ a b Sumo Talk: Tokitsukaze
^ "Japanese sumo trainer arrested over death of wrestler". The Washington Post. 2008-02-07. Archived from the original on 2012-11-04. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
^ "Japan wrestlers convicted in death of sumo fellow". International Herald Tribune. 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
^ "Ex-stablemaster denies ordering assault". Japan Times. 13 February 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
^ a b "Sumo trainer jailed over killing". BBC News Online. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
^ "Disgraced sumo trainer at centre of beating scandal requests severance pay". Associated Press. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ "5-yr term on ex-sumo master over death of wrestler to be finalized". Mainichi Daily News. 31 August 2011. [dead link]
^ "Futatsuryū Jun'ichi Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
Glossary of sumo terms
List of sumo tournament second division champions
List of past sumo wrestlers
Tokitsukaze stable
List of komusubi
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Futatsuryū_Jun%27ichi&oldid=916862885"


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Pierre Potin: Mission Manager
28/03/2014 1424 views
ESA /	Applications /	Observing the Earth /	Copernicus /	Sentinel-1
In his role as Sentinel-1 Mission Manager, Pierre Potin will be responsible for the Sentinel-1 satellites once they enter their exploitation phase, after completion of the satellite commissioning phase.
Pierre, a French national, began working at ESA's Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN) in Italy about 20 years ago, where he developed a strong base in satellite Earth observation. He was heavily involved in the Envisat mission, on various activities, as part of the ground segment team and with the mission management office.
Subsequently, he worked on GMES/Copernicus programmatic matters for three years, before taking the responsibility of Sentinel-1 Mission Manager in 2010. Prior to working for ESA, Pierre spent three years in industry and was involved in meteorological programmes for ESA, mainly Meteosat Second Generation.
Pierre holds a degree in Engineering from Ecole Française d'Electronique et d'Informatique and a Master's degree in Space Systems from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications, both in France.
ESA: What will your role as Sentinel-1 Mission Manager involve?
Pierre Potin
My role will focus on managing the exploitation phase of both Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B through the coordination and management of tasks delegated to other ESA departments and directorates. In particular, this includes ESOC in Germany for the flight operations segment, ESTEC in the Netherlands for post-launch support activities (liaising in particular with the industrial manufacturer of the satellite) and ESRIN in Italy for the payload data ground segment.
Another important part of my job involves interfacing with the 'external world' for mission aspects and, in particular, with the Copernicus services, ESA Member States representatives, international partners and the large user community in general. The objective is to encourage the broad use of Sentinel-1 data, capture user needs and new requirements and promote the mission in new application and scientific domains. The Mission Manager is the formal ESA representative for the mission.
Reporting on the Sentinel-1 mission to the European Commission and our Member States is another task that I will ensure on a regular basis.
ESA: What are you most looking forward to with Sentinel-1?
The great interest and the 'power' of the Sentinel-1 mission is the large variety of thematic domains it can address, supporting many applications over land, seas and oceans, and polar areas; for emergency support in cases of disaster; and for contributing to our understanding climate change issues.
I'm really looking forward to seeing the first Sentinel-1 satellite in orbit and providing a continuous stream of data. We have many users keenly waiting for Sentinel-1 data for integration into their operational services, to support their scientific research and to enable new value-adding commercial services. Our international partners and the international initiatives in the framework of GEO–GEOSS, for example, are also looking forward to receiving Sentinel-1 data.
ESA: Once both Sentinel-1A and -1B are launched, the mission will provide frequent radar imagery of the entire globe. Who will be the main users of these data?
With their technical capabilities, the Sentinel-1 satellites will open a new era in radar imaging. Large-scale mapping is key for the well-known SAR-based operational services such as sea-ice and iceberg monitoring, oil slick detection, wind/wave/current monitoring, and maritime surveillance in general.
As well as these services, Sentinel-1 will support a number of applications over land, some that now are at the demonstration or pre-operational stage. With Sentinel-1, they will become fully operational thanks to the satellites' revisiting and mapping capabilities. There is a multitude of users for these kind of data and products. Safety authorities can use this information to monitor the subsidence of cities and critical infrastructure such as bridges and dams, as well as for landslide risk assessments. Food security authorities, working nationally and globally, can use the data for crop monitoring, while governments can keep an eye on forest cover and deforestation. Information from Sentinel-1 can also be used by disaster management authorities to better mitigate flood events and related crisis situations, thanks to the potential set up of hydrological warning systems.
Scientists and researchers are also key users. Providing very frequent global observations of tectonic areas, Sentinel-1 will allow, for instance, to better understand earthquake processes worldwide by determining strain accumulation over tectonically active belts. Another example is the monitoring of the large ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland, to better assess climate change issues and the impact on sea-level rise.
These are few examples of applications or scientific use, among many others.
ESA: What do you expect to be the biggest challenges for the two-satellite mission?
Systematically processing and delivering huge volumes of high-quality data in a timely fashion to a large number of users is certainly a challenge. Owing to the free and open Sentinel data policy we expect to attract many users worldwide. But the challenge is not only on our side: users who plan to make use of large datasets need to be prepared to handle big volumes of data. New technologies and initiatives like cloud computing and 'exploitation platforms' should ease the use of Sentinel data.
Another challenge is to make the best use of these fantastic satellites, ensuring that the mission satisfies the needs of the various services and users. The definition and implementation of optimised satellite observation plans are particularly important. We shall also anticipate and adapt the mission exploitation and ground segment operations scenarios as needs continue to evolve, keeping in mind the objectives of the mission. New Copernicus initiatives, at European and potentially global scales, relying heavily on Sentinel-1 data are expected to develop.
This is one in a series of interviews with a few of the key people that are involved in the Sentinel-1 mission. Please check back as the list will be added to over the coming weeks.
Sentinel-1 launch campaigns blog
Sentinel data access
European Commission Copernicus site
#Sentinel1


NRA Affiliated. Supporting Pistol, Rifle, 3-Gun, Archery, Revolver, and Shotgun.
We will be holding a clean up day on Saturday April 13th starting @ about 9AM out @ the range. We're Looking to make repairs back boards, possibly mowing & other clean up/repairs. We look forward to seeing you there!
This entry was posted on April 12, 2019 by Kathryn MGC Secretary in Uncategorized.
Join or Renew HERE & Support Muskogee Gun Club as well!
International Defensive Pistol Association (IDPA) The governing body of a shooting sport that simulates self-defense scenarios and real life encounters.


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Q: Getting nan values from OpenCL FFT kernel on FPGA I was trying to use the Intel's FFT1D kernel by writing the Host program by my own for Intel FPGA. Link to  Intel's FFT1d can be found here
I have also given my host program below, wherein, I have a file saved (which contains some data), my task is to read that data, calculate its FFT and print some of it. It is a 4K point FFT
 #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
#include "CL/opencl.h"
#include "AOCLUtils/aocl_utils.h"
#include <string.h>
#include "fft_config.h"

#define N (1<<LOGN) //Please check the FFT Sample Code for Ref (2 to the power 12 gives 4K points)
#define DATA_FILE "complex_input.data"

using namespace aocl_utils;

cl_platform_id platform = NULL;
cl_device_id device = NULL;
cl_command_queue queue0 = NULL;
cl_command_queue queue1 = NULL;
cl_context context = NULL;
cl_program program = NULL;
cl_kernel kernel0, kernel1;
cl_mem d_inData, d_outData;
cl_int err = 0;

typedef struct {
  float x;
  float y;
} float2;
//float2 h_outData[N], h_inData[N];
float2 *h_inData = (float2 *)alignedMalloc(sizeof(float2)*N);
float2 *h_outData = (float2 *)alignedMalloc(sizeof(float2)*N);

void init();    //Function that does the job of Querying Platform and Device, creating Context, Command Queues, Program and required Kernels to do the job.
void cleanup(); //Function that releases all the Created Contexts, Buffers etc, in order to finish the execution.
void read_data();   //Reads data from the complex numbers from .data file and fills in the float2 struct h_inData[].
int temp_value = 1;

int main()
{
 // h_inData = (float2 *)alignedMalloc(sizeof(float2)*N);
  //h_outData = (float2 *)alignedMalloc(sizeof(float2)*N);

  int inverse = false;
  int temp =1;
  init();
  read_data();

  d_inData = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE, sizeof(float2)*N, NULL, &err);
  checkError(err,"Failed to allocate Buffer for input array\n");

  d_outData = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE | CL_CHANNEL_2_INTELFPGA, sizeof(float2)*N, NULL, &err);
  checkError(err, "Failed to allocate the Buffer for output\n");

  //WE FINISH THE FETCH KERNEL
  err = clEnqueueWriteBuffer(queue1,d_inData, CL_TRUE, 0, sizeof(float2)*N, h_inData, 0, NULL, NULL);
  checkError(err,"Failed to Write the input Buffer\n");

  err = clSetKernelArg(kernel1, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), (void *)&d_inData);
  checkError(err, "Failed to set KerArg for Kernel1 - 0\n");

  err = clSetKernelArg(kernel0, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), (void *)&d_outData);
  checkError(err, "Failed to set KerArg for Kernel0 - 0\n");

  err = clSetKernelArg(kernel0, 1, sizeof(cl_int), (void *)&temp_value);
  checkError(err, "Failed to set KerArg for Kernel0 - 1\n");

  err = clSetKernelArg(kernel0, 2, sizeof(cl_int), (void *)&inverse);
  checkError(err, "Failed to set KerArg for Kernel0 - 2\n");

  printf("FFT Initialization Complete!\n\n");

  err = clEnqueueTask(queue0, kernel0, 0, NULL, NULL);
  checkError(err, "Failed to Launch the Kernel for FFT\n");

  size_t local_work_size = N/8;
  size_t global_work_size = local_work_size * 1; //Coz the number of Iterations is just 1

  err = clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue1, kernel1, 1, NULL, &local_work_size, &global_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL);
  checkError(err, "Failed to launch the Fetch Kernel\n");

  err = clFinish(queue0);
  checkError(err, "Failed to finish FFT\n");
  err = clFinish(queue1);
  checkError(err, "Failed to finish Fetch kernel\n");

  err = clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue0, d_outData, CL_TRUE, 0, sizeof(float2)*N, h_outData, 0, NULL, NULL);
  checkError(err, "Failed to Read back the Buffer output\n");

  printf("FFT is Complete!\n\n");
  printf("Printing some of the values, just to make sure they are non-zero\n\n");
  for(int ii=100;ii<125;ii++)
  {
        printf("%f + %f j -> %f + %f j\n",h_inData[ii].x,h_inData[ii].y,h_outData[ii].x,h_outData[ii].y);
  }
  printf("\n\n");
  cleanup();

  return 0;
}

void read_data()
{
  size_t sourceSize;
  float* temp;

  FILE *fp = fopen(DATA_FILE,"r");
  if(fp==NULL)
  {
    printf("Could not find the Random Data File! Exiting!\n");
    exit(1);
  }
  fseek(fp,0,SEEK_END);
  sourceSize=ftell(fp);
  rewind(fp);

  temp = (float *)alignedMalloc(sourceSize);
  fread(temp, sizeof(float),sourceSize,fp);
  fclose(fp);

  for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
  {
    h_inData[i].x = temp[2*i];
    h_inData[i].y = temp[(2*i)+1];
  }
}

void init()
{
  platform = findPlatform("Intel(R) FPGA SDK for OpenCL(TM)");
  if(platform == NULL)
  {
    printf("Could not find the Platform\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  scoped_array<cl_device_id> devices;
  cl_uint num_devices;
  devices.reset(getDevices(platform, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCELERATOR, &num_devices));
  device = devices[0];

  context = clCreateContext(NULL, 1, &device, &oclContextCallback, NULL, &err);
  checkError(err, "Failed to create Context\n");

  queue0 = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, CL_QUEUE_PROFILING_ENABLE, &err);
  checkError(err, "Failed to create Command Queue0\n");
  queue1 = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, CL_QUEUE_PROFILING_ENABLE, &err);
  checkError(err, "Failed to create Command Queue1\n");

  program = createProgramFromBinary(context, "bin/fft1d.aocx", &device, 1);

  err = clBuildProgram(program, 1, &device, "", NULL, NULL);
  checkError(err, "Failed to Build Program\n");

  kernel0 = clCreateKernel(program, "fft1d", &err);
  checkError(err,"Could not Create Kernel0\n");

  kernel1 = clCreateKernel(program, "fetch", &err);
  checkError(err, "Could not Create Kernel1\n");

  printf("Finished with the Initial Setup!\n");
}

void cleanup()
{
  if(kernel0)
    clReleaseKernel(kernel0);
  if(kernel1)
    clReleaseKernel(kernel1);
  if(program)
    clReleaseProgram(program);
  if(queue0)
    clReleaseCommandQueue(queue0);
  if(queue1)
    clReleaseCommandQueue(queue1);
  if(d_inData)
    clReleaseMemObject(d_inData);
  if(d_outData)
    clReleaseMemObject(d_outData);
  if(context)
    clReleaseContext(context);

}

I checked if the data from file is being read fine, and It is correct and as expected.
Please let me know where could this go wrong!

A: Update!
I found out the solution. Reading from the itself was not a good idea, here. I tried generating the random there during the execution and it worked just fine!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
News	> Bahamas
Bahamian Athlete Gardiner Wins in 400m Final
Steven Gardiner in Tokyo, Japan, August 8, 2021. | Photo: Twitter/ @JHiggslive
Steven Gardiner (43.85 s), Anthony Zambrano (44.08 s), and Kirani James (44.19 s) came in the first three places.
On Thursday, Bahamas, Colombia, and Grenada swept the men's 400m final at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.
Cuba Wins Gold Medal in Boxing's 69-Kilo Division
Steven Gardiner came in first place with a run of 43.85 seconds to give the Bahamas its first gold medal at these games. He already won another gold medal at the world championships held in Doha 2019.
"I recovered, I kept it moving and with 200m to go, I started to push a little bit," he said, as reported by India Today.
"When I came across the line and saw my name on the big screen and I was in first place... I'm cherishing this moment. Olympic champion."
Steven Gardiner wins the final of the men's 400m in a time of 43.85s.
������������������������������������ pic.twitter.com/C5cHIbmOmZ
— Jared Higgs (@JHiggslive) August 5, 2021
Anthony Zambrano, who was South American and Pan American champion in 2019, won the silver medal with 44.08 seconds. With his victory, Colombia accumulates three silver medals and eight Olympic medals in these games.
"I am very happy to win this medal and I want to dedicate this, to my mother because it is her birthday today," he said.
Kirani James came in third place with 44.19 seconds and gave Grenada a bronze medal. So far, this Caribbean country has two medals in Tokyo 2020.
#Grenada's Revolution broke with British #imperialism and rejected the ways of #capitalism. #OnThisDay pic.twitter.com/INx3VNEhs0
— teleSUR English (@telesurenglish) March 13, 2019
Tokyo Olympics Bahamas Colombia Grenada 400m
India Today - EFE
by teleSUR/ JF
Cuba Wins Two Gold Medals in Greco-Roman Wrestling
LATAM Won Another 3 Gold Medals in Tokyo Thanks to 3 Heroines
Venezuelan Athlete Yulimar Rojas Advances to Triple Jump Final
Chinese Athletes Shatter World Record in 4x200 Freestyle Relay


text:
Promising Young Scientists Receive Prestigious Career Award
Grants recognize 'individuals who exemplify the role of teacher-scholar'
February 26, 2016 | By Julie Deardorff
$500,000, five-year award supports up and coming junior faculty members
Anne Marie Piper develops technology for older adults with disabilities
Brenna Argall works to help those with motor impairments use robotic devices
EVANSTON, Ill. --- Northwestern University research scientists Anne Marie Piper and Brenna Argall have received the prestigious Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award from the National Science Foundation, a grant that supports exceptional young faculty.
Piper, an assistant professor in Northwestern's School of Communication, designs, develops and tests new technologies to help older adults with disabilities. Her award -- $500,000 over five years -- will be used to help create and study new software that helps people stay active and engaged online.
Argall, trained in robot autonomy and learning, is an assistant professor of rehabilitation robotics at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Her work leverages the autonomy of robots to help people who may have sensory, motor or cognitive impairments.
The CAREER Award is designed to support promising young faculty members who exemplify the role of teacher-scholar through the combination of outstanding research and education.
Anne Marie Piper
As the director of Northwestern's Inclusive Technology Lab, Piper investigates how modern technology can help an aging population. Much of her work focuses on older adults with disabilities, including vision impairments from macular degeneration or speech challenges from conditions such as aphasia, a common result of a stroke.
Older adults who aren't comfortable with computers, smartphones or other devices may become even more resistant to using them when a disability sets in, Piper said. As a result, she's creating new online social systems that work through technology that feels familiar: traditional phones, digital pen and paper technology and interactive digital photo frames.
"The impact of providing these individuals with new ways to go online and stay socially connected may be vast," Piper said. "Staying socially connected can affect late-life physical and mental health, and staying connected online is associated with lower rates of depression and loneliness among older adults."
The award will allow Piper's research lab to keep working on the next generation of online technologies that allow people to stay engaged throughout older adulthood. "I'm often asked by family caregivers for access to the technologies we create in my lab, and this award will help us make our software more widely available," she said.
Brenna Argall
Argall's five-year, $525,000 grant will help people with a wide variety of disabilities who can benefit from robotic devices. Paradoxically, the more severe a person's motor impairments, "the harder it is for them to operate the very machines meant to enhance their quality of life," Argall said.
Her team is spearheading a new area of research that explores the intersection of autonomous robots and rehabilitation. "We work to incorporate robotics autonomy and intelligence into assistive machines, offloading some of the control burden from the user to the machine," she said.
Robots that provide physical assistance to people need to adapt to the many different needs of their users. In addition, the way a patient interacts with the robot will also change over time. Argall's algorithms will take these dynamic factors into account.
The advances can help patients with a wide variety of disabilities, including spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, stroke survivors, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
"The work is poised to transform rehabilitation science by treating motor impairments as an advantage rather than a constraint," she said.
Argall also is affiliated with the departments of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern and physical medicine and rehabilitation at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. She is director of the Assistive & Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, the nation's premier rehabilitative hospital.
Topics: Chicago, Disease, Faculty Accolades, Feinberg School of Medicine, Grants, McCormick School of Engineering, Mental Health, Technology
For the sake of your heart, cut down on the news


One of Canada's most colourful festivals celebrates the tulip, international symbol of friendship and peace. Millions of tulips set the stage for an international celebration of culture, horticulture, history, spring, and family experiences. Uniquely Canadian and one of the largest events of its kind in the world! Various individual and group packages available.


text:
The Coastal Resilience approach, tools and applications provide support for decision-makers working to identify solutions for risk reduction and adaptation. Core federal U.S. partners include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Geologic Survey as well as emerging opportunities with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Council on Environmental Quality, who is leading the effort to carry out President Obama Administration's Climate Action Plan.
California's iconic coastline is threatened by the coastal squeeze between upland development and climate change induced sea level rise. The Nature Conservancy and partners are demonstrating the effectiveness of coastal resilience adaptation planning statewide through their engagements in Monterey Bay, and Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties.
The current and future resilience of Connecticut's coastline and waterways depends on our ability to visualize change, plan wisely for the future, and take action today to avoid future costs to the economy, citizens and environment.
In Georgia, local, state, federal government agencies, non-profit organizations, and private citizens are assessing where people and infrastructure within coastal communities are vulnerable to coastal hazards and sea level rise and applying natural solutions such as land protection, shoreline and wetland restoration and flood risk decision support tools.
The Gulf has seen about half of its coastal habitats vanish during the past century. The region must re-establish the strong, resilient natural communities that for centuries have protected people and wildlife from storms and provided a wealth of fishery production and biodiversity.
The island of Hawaiʻi is home to a network of unique groundwater-fed anchialine pools, wetlands, and fishponds, which support numerous endemic species as well as provide key ecosystem services to natural and human communities. Predicting the effect of sea-level rise on these ecosystems requires models that incorporate groundwater levels which are elevated above sea levels and will exacerbate flooding in the porous basalt aquifer.
Together with partners at the Maine Natural Areas Program, the Maine Geological Survey and NOAA, TNC Maine has developed an innovative decision-support tool to help Maine's coastal communities make coordinated and informed decisions for the future of their coastal wetlands.
The 127 miles of New Jersey coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, Delaware Bay, New York/New Jersey Harbor, and Raritan Bay, are critical places to ensure that the health of habitats is incorporated into community resilience planning.
New York's low-lying coastal environment makes the region particularly vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise. This will only be exacerbated in the face of what are expected to be more frequent and more powerful coastal storms, as recent experiences with Superstorm Sandy and Tropical Storm Irene have shown.
The Albemarle-Pamlico Sound region is home to more than 2.7 million people. Millions more visit the area because of its wide array of natural resources. Much of the area is low-lying, leaving coastal communities threatened by severe storms, coastal flooding, and rapid shoreline change.
Coastal areas provide critical habitat for wildlife and are home to more than 40 percent of the U.S. population. Yet coastal sites vary widely in their ability to accommodate rising seas, based on inherent natural features and the degree of human influence on key ecological processes. Scientists from TNC evaluated over 10,000 coastal sites in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic for their capacity to sustain biodiversity and natural services under increasing inundation from sea level rise.
South Carolina coastal communities are facing more frequent flooding from sea level rise and storm events. In response, they are identifying ways to visualize and reduce risk to their communities using natural infrastructure like coastal wetlands, beaches and dunes, living shorelines, and river floodplains.
From North Carolina down to Florida coastal communities have partnered to build understanding of the roles that natural ecosystems have in regards to coastal resilience and planning.
Southeast coastal communities from North Carolina down to Florida have partnered to build understanding of the roles that natural ecosystems have in regards to coastal resilience and planning.
Virginia's Eastern Shore lies within one of the U.S's most vulnerable coastal regions. Sea levels are rising at three to four times the global average and storms are intensifying. Here, leading coastal scientists and community partners are using this living laboratory to better understand how nature can make coastal communities here—and everywhere—more resilient in the face of a changing climate.
Puget Sound is a national treasure, the second largest estuary in the country, a factory for salmon and shellfish, home to 4.5 million people, and the economic engine of one of the nation's strongest regional economies. These are increasingly vulnerable to rising sea levels, more extreme coastal storms, and more frequent river flooding.
Western Lake Erie
Western Lake Erie (WLE) is the most biologically productive area in all of the Great Lakes, supports commercially valuable fisheries, provides drinking water for 11 million people, and supplies an abundance of recreational benefits. However, WLE is at risk from impacts brought on by a changing climate. TNC and partners in the area are working together to model and forecast not only areas that are most valuable to restore and preserve, but also areas that will be the most vulnerable to flooding with increasingly erratic lake levels.


Our seasonal climate allows golfers the opportunity to hit the links almost year-round. Sandy Springs is home to three golf courses.
Located just off of Roswell Road, Steel Canyon is an 18 hole, par 61 executive golf course.
Cherokee Town and Country Clubhas two locations: the Town Club, which occupies the famed Grant estate on West Paces Ferry Road in Buckhead, and the Country Club, which is located near the Chattahoochee River in Sandy Springs.


Former Tourism Minister Senator Nilofar Bakhtiar served a legal notice on the Lal Masjid 'shariat court' on Wednesday for issuing a fatwa asking her to apologise for hugging a male paragliding instructor in France. The notice served through Dr Aslam Khaki said the fatwa damaged Bakhtiar's reputation, family honour and political career. The notice asks Mufti Yunus, who issued the decree, to apologise for un-Islamic and unlawful conduct that hurt the dignity of an honourable Muslim lady. The notice, seen by Daily Times, warned that failure to apologise would result in civil and legal proceedings.
I think this is perfect, as the Shariat court is illegal, and it is the legal institutions in Pakistan that should overthrow it's increasingly bizzarre Fatwahs and proclamations. The mullah professes to interpret the Koran, but he's crazier than the Imam who issued the breast-feeding fatwah when you come down to it.
So right now Lal Masjid is after five Christian nurses, several employees of Octane magazine, the tourism minister, every CD store in Pakistan, everyone who doesn't dress the way they like, every man who doesn't wear his hair right, the government, the west, and anything else newer than the fourteenth century.
The madrassa has really gone entirely political, and by focusing on what everyone else is doing they are ultimately neglecting their students religious studies. They almost openly sympathize with the Taliban, and speculation has it that many of their students are licit and illicit children of old-guard ISI members, which is yet another reason the government hasn't acted directly.
More on the political background here.


text:
Q: Remove null duplicates in Table My table looks like this:
rank   cost    segment      description
 1       23      pen         2mm red pen
 2       22      pen         3mm red pen
 3       10      pen         4mm green pen
 3               pen
 4               pen         5mm red pen
 5               pen         1 mm yellow pen
 1       3      eraser       red eraser
 2       2      eraser       red eraser
 3       5      eraser       green eraser
 4              eraser
 4       6      eraser       red eraser
 5              eraser       yellow eraser

Need to convert into:
 rank   cost    segment         description
     1       23      pen         2mm red pen
     2       22      pen         3mm red pen
     3       10      pen         4mm green pen
     4               pen         5mm red pen
     5               pen         1 mm yellow pen
     1       3      eraser        red eraser
     2       2      eraser        red eraser
     3       5      eraser        green eraser
     4       6      eraser        red eraser
     5              eraser        yellow eraser

Note: Empty rank 3 from segment pen and rank 4 from segment eraser gets removed.
I have been trying to achieve this using select * from table where cost!=0
but in this case rank 5 gets removed as well because it is empty. Which is not desired.
I want to keep all the ranks even if its empty in each segment, just want to remove that duplicate rank in a segment which has empty cost value.
I tried several other ways to achieve this but failed. Is there any better way to achieve this? May be I need to use group by segment or any duplicate keyword, if there is any?
Apologies for such a novice question.
Any help will be highly appreciated.

A: Aggregation seems to do what you want:
select rank, sum(cost) as cost, segment, max(description)
from t
group by rank, segment;

This returns one row per segment/rank combination in the data.


Seb Chaigneau - Why ultra ?
When I was a child, I enjoyed the mountain in summer and winter, with my bike or my skis. I developed a taste for effort in the mountain, and without knowing it, I started to train.
Today the pleasure remains intact and my goal has not changed: let dazzled by nature and admire the animals.
Ultra trail is for me a great opportunity to have fun in the mountains and live unforgettable memories. Landscapes, the search for the fullness and sharing moments are for me many reasons to practice ultra.


text:
Son of high Polish official wants to live in Australia
By With Analysis From Monitor Correspondents Around The World
Edited By Karla Vallance
January 14, 1982 | Bonn
The son of Polish Deputy Prime Minister Mieczyslaw Rakowski has applied to emigrate to Australia and could receive permission to settle there within the next two months, the Australian Embassy here said.
The son, Artur Rakowski, has been in hiding to escape publicity since it was learned early this month that he and his family had come to West Germany from Poland to seek a new life in the West.
First Look Australia looks to remove children from island refugee settlement
First Look In blow to Abbott, Australian court halts repatriation of Sri Lankan asylum seekers
First Look Australia considers banning immigrants from settling in major cities
https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0114/011421.html


Kiefer GmbH, based in Germany, has also been part of the REFORM Group since 2014.
Kiefer GmbH develops, manufactures and sells special vehicles and attachments for municipal and cemetery services.
The Boki and Boki excavator models are developed and manufactured at the Dorfen site. Kiefer GmbH employs around 100 people.
Since 1 January 2016, Dipl.-Ing. Peter Schober has been the sole Managing Director of Kiefer GmbH in Dorfen.


Doug Sanders did an EXCELLENT job on my house. We had the entire kitchen torn out and remodeled, new granite countertops, cabinets, tile work, electrical, lighting, etc. He also moved an interior wall, expanded doorways and replaced interior doors, installed a new window, replaced/repaired some sheetrock and painted. Also, he installed beautiful Hardwood floors throughout the whole house. I DEFINATELY recommend Doug Sanders for your next remodel. He's affordable and does 1ST QUALITY WORK.
Best Service and Value around!
We needed to replace some very old fixtures in our bathroom, however, were not ready for a complete renovation. Doug came out and gave us a quote (best price we got). Showed up to begin the repairs when promised. He ran into a couple of issues with pipes under the sink, however, came back the next day with parts he needed to complete the job (as promised) and kept the price as quoted. What an awesome job he and his crew did for us. We will definitely be calling them again for our repairs/renovations. Thank You Doug!
Called Doug after a pipe burst and flooding at my rental property. He came out the next day, gave me a written quote the same day, and had the best price. The work he did was GREAT and the tile job beautiful. So happy, I plan to get my own floors done at my home.
To place a review, go to the first page and click on my kudzu.com link.