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Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire  , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. The county town is Dorchester, in the south. After the reorganisation of local government in 1974, the county border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch. Around half of the population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation, while the rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.

The county has a long history of human settlement stretching back to the Neolithic era. The Romans conquered Dorset's indigenous Celtic tribe, and during the Early Middle Ages, the Saxons settled the area and made Dorset a shire in the 7th century. The first recorded Viking raid on the British Isles occurred in Dorset during the eighth century, and the Black Death entered England at Melcombe Regis in 1348. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: in the English Civil War, an uprising of vigilantes was crushed by Oliver Cromwell's forces in a pitched battle near Shaftesbury; the doomed Monmouth Rebellion began at Lyme Regis; and a group of farm labourers from Tolpuddle were instrumental in the formation of the trade union movement. During the Second World War, Dorset was heavily involved in the preparations for the invasion of Normandy, and the large harbours of Portland and Poole were two of the main embarkation points. The former was the sailing venue in the 2012 Summer Olympics, and both have clubs or hire venues for sailing, Cornish pilot gig rowing, sea kayaking and powerboating.

Dorset has a varied landscape featuring broad elevated chalk downs, steep limestone ridges and low-lying clay valleys. Over half the county is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Three-quarters of its coastline is part of the Jurassic Coast Natural World Heritage Site due to its geological and palaeontologic significance. It features notable landforms such as Lulworth Cove, the Isle of Portland, Chesil Beach and Durdle Door. Agriculture was traditionally the major industry of Dorset but is now in decline and tourism has become increasingly important to the economy. There are no motorways in Dorset but a network of A roads cross the county and two railway main lines connect to London. Dorset has ports at Poole, Weymouth and Portland, and an international airport near Bournemouth. The county has a variety of museums, theatres and festivals, and is host to the Great Dorset Steam Fair, one of the biggest events of its kind in Europe. It is the birthplace of Thomas Hardy, who used the county as the principal setting of his novels, and William Barnes, whose poetry celebrates the ancient Dorset dialect.

Toponymy
Dorset derives its name from the county town of Dorchester. The Romans established the settlement in the 1st century and named it Durnovaria which was a Latinised version of a Common Brittonic word possibly meaning "place with fist-sized pebbles". The Saxons named the town Dornwaraceaster (the suffix -ceaster being the Old English name for a "Roman town"; cf. Exeter and Gloucester) and Dornsæte came into use as the name for the inhabitants of the area from Dorn (a reduced form of Dornwaraceaster) and the Old English word sæte (meaning "people"). It is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in AD 845 and in the 10th century the county's archaic name, Dorseteschyre (Dorsetshire), was first recorded.

History

Early history
The first human visitors to Dorset were Mesolithic hunters, from around 8000. The first permanent Neolithic settlers appeared around 3000 BC and were responsible for the creation of the Dorset Cursus, a  monument for ritual or ceremonial purposes. From 2800 BC onwards Bronze Age farmers cleared Dorset's woodlands for agricultural use and Dorset's high chalk hills provided a location for numerous round barrows. During the Iron Age, the British tribe known as the Durotriges established a series of hill forts across the county—most notably Maiden Castle which is one of the largest in Europe.

The Romans arrived in Dorset during their conquest of Britain in AD 43. Maiden Castle was captured by a Roman legion under the command of Vespasian, and the Roman settlement of Durnovaria was established nearby. Bokerley Dyke, a large defensive ditch built by the county's post-Roman inhabitants near the border with modern-day Hampshire, delayed the advance of the Saxons into Dorset for almost 150 years. It appears to have been re-fortified during this period, with the former Roman Road at Ackling Dyke also being blocked by the Britons, apparently to prevent the West Saxon advance into Dorset.

However, by the end of the 7th century, Dorset had fallen under Saxon control and been incorporated into the Kingdom of Wessex. The precise details of this West Saxon conquest and how it took place are not clear, but it appears to have substantially taken place by the start of the reign of Caedwalla in 685. The Saxons established a diocese at Sherborne and Dorset was made a shire—an administrative district of Wessex and predecessor to the English county system—with borders that have changed little since. In 789 the first recorded Viking attack on the British Isles took place in Dorset on the Portland coast, and they continued to raid into the county for the next two centuries.

After the Norman Conquest in 1066, feudal rule was established in Dorset and the bulk of the land was divided between the Crown and ecclesiastical institutions. The Normans consolidated their control over the area by constructing castles at Corfe, Wareham and Dorchester in the early part of the 12th century. Over the next 200 years Dorset's population grew substantially and additional land was enclosed for farming to provide the extra food required. The wool trade, the quarrying of Purbeck Marble and the busy ports of Weymouth, Melcombe Regis, Lyme Regis and Bridport brought prosperity to the county. However, Dorset was devastated by the bubonic plague in 1348 which arrived in Melcombe Regis on a ship from Gascony. The disease, more commonly known as the Black Death, created an epidemic that spread rapidly and wiped out a third of the population of the country. Dorset came under the political influence of a number of different nobles during the Middle Ages. During the Wars of the Roses, for instance, Dorset came into the area influenced by Humphrey Stafford, earl of Devon (originally of Hooke, Dorset) whose wider influence stretched from Cornwall to Wiltshire. After 1485, one of the most influential Dorset figures was Henry VII's chamberlain Giles Daubeney.

Modern history

The dissolution of the monasteries (1536–1541) met little resistance in Dorset and many of the county's abbeys, including Shaftesbury, Cerne and Milton, were sold to private owners. In 1642, at the commencement of the English Civil War, the Royalists took control of the entire county apart from Poole and Lyme Regis. However, within three years their gains had been almost entirely reversed by the Parliamentarians. An uprising of Clubmen—vigilantes weary of the depredations of the war—took place in Dorset in 1645. Some 2,000 of these rebels offered battle to Lord Fairfax's Parliamentary army at Hambledon Hill but they were easily routed. Sherborne Castle was taken by Fairfax that same year and in 1646 Corfe Castle, the last remaining Royalist stronghold in Dorset, was captured after an act of betrayal: both were subsequently slighted. The Duke of Monmouth's unsuccessful attempt to overthrow James II began when he landed at Lyme Regis in 1685. A series of trials known as the Bloody Assizes took place to punish the rebels. Over a five-day period in Dorchester, Judge Jeffreys presided over 312 cases: 74 of the accused were executed, 175 were transported, and nine were publicly whipped. In 1686, at Charborough Park, a meeting took place to plot the downfall of James II of England. This meeting was effectively the start of the Glorious Revolution.

During the 18th century, much smuggling took place along the Dorset coast; its coves, caves and sandy beaches provided opportunities for gangs such as the Hawkhursts to stealthily bring smuggled goods ashore. Poole became Dorset's busiest port and established prosperous trade links with the fisheries of Newfoundland which supported cloth, rope and net manufacturing industries in the surrounding towns and villages. However, the industrial revolution largely bypassed Dorset which lacked coal resources and as a consequence the county remained predominantly agricultural. Farming has always been central to the economy of Dorset and the county became the birthplace of the modern trade union movement when, in 1834, six farm labourers formed a union to protest against falling wages. The labourers, who are now known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs, were subsequently arrested for administering "unlawful oaths" and sentenced to transportation but they were pardoned following massive protests by the working classes.

The Dorsetshire Regiment were the first British unit to face a gas attack during the First World War (1914–1918) and they sustained particularly heavy losses at the Battle of the Somme. In total some 4,500 Dorset servicemen died in the war and of the county's towns and villages, only one, Langton Herring, known as a Thankful Village, had no residents killed. During the Second World War (1939–1945) Dorset was heavily involved in the preparations for the invasion of Normandy: beach landing exercises were carried out at Studland and Weymouth and the village of Tyneham was requisitioned for army training. Tens-of-thousands of troops departed Weymouth, Portland and Poole harbours during D-Day and gliders from RAF Tarrant Rushton dropped troops near Caen to begin Operation Tonga. Dorset experienced an increase in holiday-makers after the war. First popularised as a tourist destination by George III's frequent visits to Weymouth, the county's coastline, seaside resorts and its sparsely populated rural areas attract millions of visitors each year. With farming declining across the country, tourism has edged ahead as the primary revenue-earning sector.

Settlements

Dorset is largely rural with many small villages, few large towns and no cities. The only major urban area is the South East Dorset conurbation, which is situated at the south-eastern end of the county and is atypical of the county as a whole. It consists of the seaside resort of Bournemouth, the historic port and borough of Poole, the towns of Christchurch and Ferndown plus many surrounding villages. Bournemouth, the most populous town in the conurbation, was established in the Georgian era when sea bathing became popular. Poole, the second largest settlement (once the largest town in the county), adjoins Bournemouth to the west and contains the suburb of Sandbanks which has some of the highest land values by area in the world.

The other two major settlements in the county are Dorchester, which has been the county town since at least 1305, and Weymouth, a major seaside resort since the 18th century. Blandford Forum, Sherborne, Gillingham, Shaftesbury and Sturminster Newton are historic market towns which serve the farms and villages of the Blackmore Vale in north Dorset. Beaminster and Bridport are situated in the west of the county; Verwood and the historic Saxon market towns of Wareham and Wimborne Minster are located to the east. Lyme Regis and Swanage are small coastal towns popular with tourists. Under construction on the western edge of Dorchester is the experimental new town of Poundbury commissioned and co-designed by Prince Charles. The suburb, which is expected to be fully completed by 2025, was designed to integrate residential and retail buildings and counter the growth of dormitory towns and car-oriented development.

Physical geography

Dorset covers an area of  and contains considerable variety in its underlying geology, which is partly responsible for the diversity of landscape. A large percentage (66%) of the county comprises either chalk, clay or mixed sand and gravels. The remainder is less straightforward and includes Portland and Purbeck stone, other limestones, calcareous clays and shales. Portland and Purbeck stone are of national importance as a building material and for restoring some of Britain's most famous landmarks. Almost every type of rock known from the Early Jurassic to the Eocene epochs can be found in the county.

Dorset has a number of limestone ridges which are mostly covered in either arable fields or calcareous grassland supporting sheep. These limestone areas include a wide band of Cretaceous chalk which crosses the county as a range of hills from north-east to south-west, incorporating Cranborne Chase and the Dorset Downs, and a narrow band running from south-west to south-east, incorporating the Purbeck Hills. Between the chalk hills are large, wide vales and wide flood plains. These vales are dotted with small villages, farms and coppices, and include the Blackmore Vale (Stour valley) and Frome valley. The Blackmore Vale is composed of older Jurassic deposits, largely clays interspersed with limestones, and has traditionally been a centre for dairy agriculture. South-east Dorset, including the lower Frome valley and around Poole and Bournemouth, comprises younger Eocene deposits, mainly sands and clays of poor agricultural quality. The soils created from these deposits support a heathland habitat which sustains all six native British reptile species. Most of the Dorset heathland has Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) status with three areas designated as internationally important Ramsar sites. In the far west of the county and along the coast there are frequent changes in rock strata, which appear in a less obviously sequential way compared to the landscapes of the chalk and the heath. In the west this results in a hilly landscape of diverse character that resembles that of neighbouring county Devon. Marshwood Vale, a valley of Lower Lias clay at the western tip of the county, lies to the south of the two highest points in Dorset: Lewesdon Hill at  and Pilsdon Pen at .

A former river valley flooded by rising sea levels 6,000 years ago, Poole Harbour is one of the largest natural harbours in the world.
The harbour is very shallow in places and contains a number of islands, notably Brownsea Island, the birthplace of the Scouting movement and one of the few remaining sanctuaries for indigenous red squirrels in England. The harbour, and the chalk and limestone hills of the Isle of Purbeck to the south, lie atop Western Europe's largest onshore oil field. The field, operated by Perenco from Wytch Farm, has the world's oldest continuously pumping well at Kimmeridge which has been producing oil since the early 1960s.

Dorset's diverse geography ensures it has an assortment of rivers, although a moderate annual rainfall coupled with rolling hills, means most are typically lowland in nature. Much of the county drains into three rivers, the Frome, Piddle and Stour which all flow to the sea in a south-easterly direction. The Frome and Piddle are chalk streams but the Stour, which rises in Wiltshire to the north, has its origins in clay soil. The River Avon, which flows mainly through Wiltshire and Hampshire, enters Dorset towards the end of its journey at Christchurch Harbour. The rivers Axe and Yeo, which principally drain the counties of Devon and Somerset respectively, have their sources in the north-west of the county. In the south-west, a number of small rivers run into the sea along the Dorset coastline; most notable of these are the Char, Brit, Bride and Wey.

Most of Dorset's coastline is part of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site, which stretches for  between Studland and Exmouth in Devon. This coast documents the entire Mesozoic era, from Triassic to Cretaceous, and is noted for its geological landforms. The Dorset section has yielded important fossils, including Jurassic trees and the first complete Ichthyosaur, discovered near Lyme Regis in 1811 by Mary Anning. The county features some notable coastal landforms, including examples of a cove (Lulworth Cove), a natural arch (Durdle Door) and chalk stacks (Old Harry Rocks). Jutting out into the English Channel at roughly the midpoint of the Dorset coastline is the Isle of Portland, a limestone island that is connected to the mainland by Chesil Beach, a  long shingle barrier beach protecting Britain's largest tidal lagoon.

The county has one of the highest proportions of conservation areas in England—and two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) covering 53% of the administrative county. It has two Heritage Coasts totalling  and Sites of Special Scientific Interest covering . The South West Coast Path, National Trail, begins at South Haven Point at the entrance to Poole Harbour. There are also substantial areas of green belt surrounding the South East Dorset conurbation, filling in the area between this and the Cranborne Chase and the West Wiltshire Downs AONB.

Climate

Dorset's climate of warm summers and mild winters is partly due to its position on Britain's south coast. The third most southerly county in the UK, Dorset is less affected by the more intense Atlantic winds than Cornwall and Devon. Dorset, along with the entire south-west, has higher winter temperatures, average , than the rest of the United Kingdom. However, Dorset maintains higher summer temperatures than Devon and Cornwall, with average highs of . Excluding hills such as the Dorset Downs, the average annual temperature of the county is .

The south coast counties of Dorset, Hampshire, West Sussex, East Sussex and Kent enjoy more sunshine than anywhere else in the United Kingdom, receiving 1,541–1,885 hours a year. Average annual rainfall varies across the county—southern and eastern coastal areas receive  per year; the Dorset Downs receive between  per year; less than much of Devon and Cornwall to the west but more than counties to the east.

Demography

The 2011 Census records Dorset's population as 744,041. This consisted of 412,905 for the non-metropolitan county (not including Bournemouth and Poole), 183,491 for the unitary authority of Bournemouth and 147,645 for the unitary authority of Poole. In 2013 it was estimated that the population had risen by around 1.4% to 754,460: 416,720 in the non-metropolitan county and 188,730 and 149,010 in Bournemouth and Poole respectively. More than half of the county's residents live in the Bournemouth, Poole and Christchurch conurbation.

Dorset's population has a high proportion of older people and a lower than average proportion of young people: According to 2013 mid-year estimates, 23.6% are over 65 years of age, higher than the England and Wales average of 17.4%, and 18.6% are less than 17 years old, lower than the England and Wales average of 21.3%. The working age population (females and males between 16 and 64) is lower than England and Wales average, 60% compared to 64%. Data collected between 2010 and 2012 shows that average life expectancy at birth in the county is 85.3 years for females and 81.2 years for males. This compares favourably with the averages for England and Wales of 82.9 and 79.1 years respectively. Around 95.2% of Dorset's population are of white ethnicity, 60.9% of the population are Christian and 28.5% say they are not religious.

More than 33% of the county's population possess a level 4 qualification or above, such as a Higher National Diploma, Degree or a Higher Degree; while nearly 6.3% have no qualifications at all. Almost 43.7% are employed in a professional or technical capacity (Standard Occupational Classification 2010, groups 1–3), just over 10.3% are administrators or secretaries (group 4), around 12.8% have a skilled trade (group 5), over 18% are employed at a low-level in the care, leisure, sales or customer relations sector (groups 6 and 7) and 14.8% are operatives or in elementary occupations (groups 8 and 9).

Politics

Local government
Local government in Dorset consists of two unitary authorities (UA); Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (BCP) Council, which governs the major conurbation comprising the three towns, and Dorset Council which serves the more rural remainder of the county. For the BCP council, voters choose 76 councillors from 33 wards, with ten wards returning three candidates apiece and 23 wards, two. Dorset elects 82 councillors representing six three-councillor wards, 18 two-councillor wards and 28 single-councillor wards - 52 wards in total. In both authorities, elections for the entire council occur every four years.

The two authorities came into existence on 1 April 2019, when Bournemouth and Poole merged with Christchurch, one of six second-tier districts previously governed by Dorset County Council, leaving the other five districts - Weymouth and Portland, West Dorset, North Dorset, Purbeck and East Dorset - to form a second UA.
Dorset County Council was first formed in 1888 by an act of government to govern the newly created administrative county of Dorset which had been based largely on the historic county borders. Dorset became a two-tier non-metropolitan county after a reorganisation of local government in 1974 and its border was extended eastwards to incorporate the former Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch. Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, Bournemouth and Poole each became administratively independent single-tier unitary authorities in 1997.

National representation

For representation in Parliament Dorset is divided into eight Parliamentary constituencies—five county constituencies and three borough constituencies. At the 2017 general election, the Conservative Party was dominant, taking all eight seats. The borough constituencies of Bournemouth East, Bournemouth West and Poole are traditionally Conservative safe seats and are all represented by Conservative members of parliament. The county constituencies of North Dorset and Christchurch are also represented by Conservative MPs. Between 1997 and 2019, West Dorset was represented by Conservative MP Oliver Letwin who was the Minister of State at the Cabinet Office in David Cameron's government. The seat was won by Chris Loder in the 2019 general election.

The marginal seat of South Dorset is represented by Richard Drax, who gained the seat from Labour representative, Jim Knight, in 2010. Drax retained the seat in 2015 and 2017. The Mid Dorset and North Poole constituency has been represented by the Conservative MP, Michael Tomlinson since 2015.

In the 2019 general election, the Conservatives held all eight constituencies in Dorset.

Economy and industry

In 2003 the gross value added (GVA) for the non-metropolitan county was £4,673 million, with an additional £4,705 million for Poole and Bournemouth. The primary sector produced 2.03% of GVA, the secondary sector produced 22.44% and 75.53% came from the tertiary sector. The average GVA for the 16 regions of South West England was £4,693 million.

The principal industry in Dorset was once agriculture. It has not, however, been the largest employer since the mid 19th century as mechanisation substantially reduced the number of workers required. Agriculture has become less profitable and the industry has declined further. Within the administrative county between 1995 and 2003, GVA for primary industry (largely agriculture, fishing and quarrying) declined from £229 million to £188 million—7.1% to 4.0%. In 2007,  of the county was in agricultural use, up from  in 1989, although this was due to an increase in permanent grass, and land set aside. By contrast, in the same period, arable land decreased from . Excluding fowl, sheep are the most common animal stock in the county; between 1989 and 2006 their numbers fell from 252,189 to 193,500. Cattle and pig farming has declined similarly; during the same period the number of cattle fell from 240,413 to 170,700, and pigs from 169,636 to 72,700.

In 2009 there were 2,340 armed forces personnel stationed in Dorset including the Royal Armoured Corps at Bovington, Royal Signals at Blandford and the Royal Marines at Poole. The military presence has had a mixed effect on the local economy, bringing additional employment for civilians, but on occasion having a negative impact on the tourist trade, particularly when popular areas are closed for military manoeuvres.

Other major employers in the county include: BAE Systems, Sunseeker International, J.P. Morgan, Cobham plc and Bournemouth University. Dorset's three ports, Poole, Weymouth and Portland, and the smaller harbours of Christchurch, Swanage, Lyme Regis, Wareham and West Bay generate a substantial amount of international trade and tourism. Around 230 fishing vessels that predominantly catch crab and lobster are based in Dorset's ports. When the waters around Weymouth and Portland were chosen for the sailing events in the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, the area underwent an increased investment in infrastructure and a growth in the marine leisure sector. It is expected that this will continue to have a positive effect on local businesses and tourism.

Tourism has grown in Dorset since the late 18th century and is now the predominant industry. It is estimated that 37,500 people work in Dorset's tourism sector. Some 3.2 million British and 326,000 foreign tourists visited the county in 2008, staying a total of 15.1 million nights. In addition there were 14.6 million day visitors. The combined spending of both groups was £1,458 million. Towns received 56% of Dorset's day trippers, 27% went to the coast and 17% to the countryside. A survey carried out in 1997 concluded that the primary reason tourists were drawn to Dorset was the attractiveness of the county's coast and countryside. Numbers of domestic and foreign tourists have fluctuated in recent years due to various factors including security and economic downturn, a trend reflected throughout the UK.

Manufacturing industry in Dorset provided 10.3% of employment in 2008. This was slightly above the average for Great Britain but below that of the South West region which was at 10.7% for that period. The sector is the county's fourth largest employer, but a predicted decline suggests there will be 10,200 fewer jobs in manufacturing by 2026.

Culture

As a largely rural county, Dorset has fewer major cultural institutions than larger or more densely populated areas. Major venues for concerts and theatre include Poole's Lighthouse arts centre, Bournemouth's BIC, Pavilion Theatre and O2 Academy, and the Pavilion theatre in Weymouth. One of Dorset's most noted cultural institutions is the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra which was founded in 1893. Based in Poole, the orchestra performs over 130 concerts across southern England each year.

Dorset has more than 30 general and specialist museums. The Dorset County Museum in Dorchester was founded in 1846 and contains an extensive collection of exhibits covering the county's history and environment. The Tank Museum at Bovington contains more than 300 tanks and armoured vehicles from 30 nations. The museum is the largest in Dorset and its collection has been designated of national importance. Other museums which reflect the cultural heritage of the county include The Keep Military Museum in Dorchester, the Russell-Cotes Museum in Bournemouth, the Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre, Poole Museum, Portland Museum and Wareham Town Museum.

Dorset contains 190 conservation areas, more than 1,500 scheduled monuments, over 30 registered parks and gardens and 12,850 listed buildings. Grade I listed buildings include: Portland Castle, a coastal fort commissioned by Henry VIII; a castle with more than a 1,000 years of history at Corfe; a Roman ruin described by Historic England as the "only Roman town house visible in Britain"; Athelhampton, a Tudor manor house; Forde Abbey, a stately home and former Cistercian monastery; Christchurch Priory, the longest church in England; and St Edwold's church, one of the smallest.

Dorset hosts a number of annual festivals, fairs and events including the Great Dorset Steam Fair near Blandford, one of the largest events of its kind in Europe, and the Bournemouth Air Festival, a free air show that attracted 1.3 million visitors in 2009. The Spirit of the Seas is a maritime festival held in Weymouth and Portland. Launched in 2008, the festival features sporting activities, cultural events and local entertainers. The Dorset County Show, which was first held in 1841, is a celebration of Dorset's agriculture. The two-day event exhibits local produce and livestock and attracts some 55,000 people. Inside Out  Dorset is an outdoor arts festival that takes place every two years in rural and urban locations across Dorset. In addition to the smaller folk festivals held in towns such as Christchurch and Wimborne, Dorset holds several larger musical events such as Camp Bestival, End of the Road and the Larmer Tree Festival.

Dorset's only professional football club is AFC Bournemouth, which plays in the Premier League—the highest division in the English football league system. Non-League semi-professional teams in the county include Southern Premier Division teams Dorchester Town F.C., Poole Town F.C. and Weymouth F.C. Dorset County Cricket Club competes in the Minor Counties Cricket Championship and is based at Dean Park Cricket Ground in Bournemouth. Poole Stadium hosts regular greyhound racing and is the home to top-flight speedway team Poole Pirates. The county's coastline, on the English Channel, is noted for its watersports (particularly sailing, gig racing, windsurfing, power boating and kayaking) which take advantage of the sheltered waters in the bays of Weymouth and Poole, and the harbours of Poole and Portland. Dorset hosted the sailing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics at the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy.   The venue was completed in May 2009 and was used by international sailing teams in preparation for the Games. In motorsport, Dorset hosts the Extreme E Jurassic X Prix at Bovington Camp.

Dorset is famed in literature for being the native county of author and poet Thomas Hardy, and many of the places he describes in his novels in the fictional Wessex are in Dorset, which he renamed South Wessex. The National Trust owns Thomas Hardy's Cottage, in Higher Bockhampton, east of Dorchester; and Max Gate, his former house in Dorchester. Several other writers have called Dorset home, including Douglas Adams, who wrote much of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy while he lived in Stalbridge; John le Carré, author of espionage novels, was born in Poole; Tom Sharpe of Wilt fame lived in Bridport; John Fowles (The French Lieutenant's Woman) lived in Lyme Regis before he died in late 2005; T.F. Powys lived in Chaldon Herring for over 20 years and used it as inspiration for the fictitious village of Folly Down in his novel Mr. Weston's Good Wine; John Cowper Powys, his elder brother, also set a number of his works in Dorset, such as the novels Maiden Castle and Weymouth Sands. Children's author Enid Blyton drew inspiration for many of her works from Dorset. The 19th-century poet William Barnes was born in Bagber and wrote many poems in his native Dorset dialect. Originating from the ancient Norse and Saxon languages, the dialect was prevalent across the Blackmore Vale but has fallen into disuse.

Dorset's flag, which is known as the Dorset Cross or St Wite's Cross, was adopted in 2008 following a public competition organised by Dorset County Council. The winning design, which features a white cross with a red border on a golden background, attracted 54% of the vote. All three colours are used in Dorset County Council's coat of arms and the red and white was used in recognition of the English flag. The golden colour represents Dorset's sandy beaches and the Dorset landmarks of Golden Cap and Gold Hill. It is also a reference to the Wessex Dragon, a symbol of the Saxon Kingdom which Dorset once belonged to, and the gold wreath featured on the badge of the Dorset Regiment.

Transport

Dorset is connected to London by two main line railways. The West of England Main Line runs through the north of the county at Gillingham and Sherborne. Running west from London Waterloo to Exeter St Davids in Devon, it provides a service for those who live in the western districts of Dorset. The South West Main Line runs through the south at Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester and the terminus at Weymouth. Additionally, the Heart of Wessex Line runs north from Weymouth to Bristol and the Swanage Railway, a heritage steam and diesel railway, runs the  between Norden and Swanage.

Dorset is one of the few counties in England not to have a motorway. The A303, A35 and A31 trunk roads run through the county. The A303, which connects the West Country to London via the M3, clips the north-west of the county. The A35 crosses the county in a west–east direction from Honiton in Devon, via Bridport, Dorchester, Poole, Bournemouth and Christchurch, to Southampton in Hampshire. The A31 connects to the A35 at Bere Regis, and passes east through Wimborne and Ferndown to Hampshire, where it later becomes the M27. Other main roads in the county include the A338, A354, A37 and A350. The A338 heads north from Bournemouth to Ringwood (Hampshire) and on to Salisbury (Wiltshire) and beyond. The A354 also connects to Salisbury after travelling north-east from Weymouth in the south of the county. The A37 travels north-west from Dorchester to Yeovil in Somerset. The A350 also leads north, from Poole through Blandford and Shaftesbury, to Warminster in Wiltshire.

A passenger sea port and an international airport are situated in the county. Brittany Ferries and Condor Ferries, operate out of Poole Harbour; Brittany Ferries provide access to Cherbourg in France and Condor Ferries sail a seasonal service to the Channel Islands and St Malo, France. Poole, since the dredging of the main channel in 2008, and Portland harbours are capable of taking cruise liners. Bournemouth Airport, which is situated on the edge of Hurn village  north of Bournemouth, has flights to 36 destinations and serves some 600,000 passengers a year. In August 2007 work began on a £32 million expansion programme which includes enlargement of the terminal building and an increase in parking.

Morebus and Damory provide a county wide bus network with frequent services linking major towns, including Bournemouth, Poole and Wimborne, and a varied service in further rural locations. The First Group operate buses in the Weymouth and Bridport area, including: a regular route along the A35 from Weymouth to Axminster, which helps to compensate for the missing rail link west of Dorchester; and the Jurassic Coast service, one of the longest bus routes in the UK, which provides through travel from Poole to Exeter, exploiting a popular tourist route. Yellow Buses  provided bus services within Bournemouth and outlying areas until they ceased operating in 2022.

Religious sites

Unlike all of its neighbouring counties, Dorset does not have a cathedral. Over 95% of the county falls within the Church of England Diocese of Salisbury. A small section to the west comes under the Diocese of Bath and Wells and to the east Christchurch and much of Bournemouth—both historically part of Hampshire—belong to the Diocese of Winchester. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth incorporates most of Dorset with the exception of Christchurch and a portion of Bournemouth which belongs to the Diocese of Portsmouth. Few purpose-built places of worship exist in Dorset for faiths other than Christianity. In 2008 a Hindu temple was constructed in Blandford Forum for the Gurkhas based at the town's military camp. Bournemouth, which contains a higher proportion of Jewish residents than the national average, has three synagogues besides an Islamic Centre and a mosque for Muslims.

Christianity was introduced to Dorset by the Romans. A 4th century Roman mosaic discovered near Hinton St Mary contains what is generally accepted to be an image of Christ. Christianity became firmly established in the county during the Saxon period although there are few surviving Saxon churches; the most complete is St. Martin's in Wareham which has features from the early 11th century. Mediaeval churches are more prevalent in Dorset; most are 15th century and are of a Perpendicular style. Sherborne Abbey, one of the county's largest, is noted for its broad fan vaulting added during an extensive 15th century rebuild. Founded in AD 705 by Aldhelm, the Abbey contained the chair of the Bishop of Sherborne and was granted cathedral status until 1075 when the diocese was transferred to Old Sarum. Wimborne Minster features a chained library and a 14th-century astronomical clock; Christchurch Priory is renowned for its miraculous beam which, according to legend, was installed by Christ; and the 15th century roof spanning the nave at St John the Baptist Church in Bere Regis is described by architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner as the "finest timber roof of Dorset". St Candida and Holy Cross at Whitchurch Canonicorum is the only church in the country, besides Westminster Abbey, to have a shrine that contains the relics of a saint.

Monastic foundations were once abundant in Dorset, but all ceased to exist at the Dissolution of the monasteries. The Reformation and the political and religious turmoil that ensued largely checked the building of new churches until the turn of the 18th century. Notable examples of Early Georgian churches include the Bastard brothers' Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in Blandford Forum, and St George's Church on the Isle of Portland, which has a steeple and tower inspired by the works of Christopher Wren. From the late 18th century onwards, churches in Dorset tended towards a Gothic Revival style. A notable exception to this trend, however, is the Church of St Mary in East Lulworth—the first freestanding Roman Catholic church built in England after the Reformation. George III gave permission to erect the building on the condition that it resembled a garden mausoleum rather than a church. It was completed in 1789. Bournemouth, founded in 1810, has a wealth of 19th-century churches including St Peter's and St Stephen's. St Dunstan's Church (formerly St Osmund's) in Poole is one of a small number of 20th-century churches in Dorset. The final major work of Edward Schroeder Prior, it is one of the last examples of the Neo Byzantine style. The Church of St Nicholas and St Magnus in Moreton is noted for its elaborate engraved glass windows designed by Laurence Whistler. Severely damaged by a stray German bomb in 1940, the church subsequently underwent extensive renovation and Whistler had replaced every window by 1984.

Education

Responsibility for state schools in Dorset is divided between two local education authorities: Dorset Council, which covers the majority of the county, and Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (BCP) Council. Most of the Dorset Council area operates a two-tier comprehensive system whereby pupils attend a primary school before completing their education at secondary school but Corfe Mullen, Dorchester, Ferndown and West Moors maintain a three-tier system (first, middle and high school). Bournemouth operates a two-tier system; Poole operates two and three-tier systems. BCP is one of the few local authorities in England to maintain selective education, containing four single-sex grammar schools which select pupils on the basis of an eleven-plus examination. Some of the county's schools are academies—self-governing state schools which have become independent of their local education authority and are maintained directly by the Department for Education. In 2017, the Progress 8 score for schools in the Dorset Council area was ranked below average, and 39.6% of pupils gained at least Grade 5 or above in English and maths GCSEs matching the national average of 39.6%. Poole recorded an above average Progress 8 score and 54% of pupils achieved Grade 5 or above in English and maths GCSEs. Bournemouth was ranked as average and 47.8% of pupils achieved Grade 5 or above in English and maths GCSEs.

Dorset contains a range of privately funded independent schools. Many are boarding schools which also take day pupils, such as the co-educational Canford School which is built around a 19th-century Grade I listed manor house; and Sherborne School, a boys' school founded in the 16th century.

Four of the county's five largest towns contain a further education college: Weymouth College, Kingston Maurward College in Dorchester and Bournemouth and Poole College which is one of the largest in the UK. Dorset has two higher education establishments situated in the heart of the county's south east conurbation. Bournemouth University has facilities across Bournemouth and Poole and over 17,000 students. Previously named Bournemouth Polytechnic, it was granted university status as a result of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. The Arts University Bournemouth is situated between the border of Poole and Bournemouth. It became a higher education institute in 2001 and was given degree-awarding powers in 2008. It was granted full university status in 2012.

See also

Custos Rotulorum of Dorset—list of keepers of the rolls for Dorset
Dorset—list of MPs for the abolished Dorset county constituency
List of High Sheriffs of Dorset
List of hills of Dorset
Dorset Police
Dorset Police and Crime Commissioner
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council - Unitary council replacing the 3 previous councils in 2019
Dorset heraldry

Footnotes

Notes

References

Hinton, David A. (1998). Saxons & Vikings. Wimborne, Dorset: Dovecote Press. ISBN 1-874336-50-4

External links

 Dorset County Museum
 Images of Dorset at the English Heritage Archive
 Dorset AONB

Non-metropolitan counties
Counties of England established in antiquity
Counties in South West England


text:
HITs students won the Imperial University Cup 2020
By India Education Diary Bureau Admin On Jun 11, 2020
The competition for possession of the Cup of the Imperial University is one of the traditions of TSU's birthday celebrations. Each year, students receive a variety of tasks – to conduct a thematic procession, a student concert marathon, or a competition of art objects on the theme of "Retrofuturism". This year, according to legend, the cup disappeared, and the faculties fantasized why the trophy disappeared, where is it hidden and how can it be found?
The Imperial University Cup was won by students of the Higher IT School (HITs).
They shot a video about the abduction, inspired by the famous crime drama television series La Casa del Papel (Money Heist).
TSU has discovered a rare species of hantavirus in the Tomsk Region
Bharti Realty resumed operations at Worldmark Aerocity and Gurugram

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
apple, Censorship, GOOGLE Censorship
Apple threatens Parler: Moderate Or You're Out
Source: Ashe Schow
Megacompany Apple is threatening to remove social networking service Parler from its App Store unless the company starts moderating its platform more harshly.
Reuters reported that Parler, billed as an alternative to Twitter without the left-wing bias, received the letter from Apple Friday evening following Big Tech's crackdown on President Donald Trump and his supporters. Buzzfeed published portions of the letter sent by Apple, which demanded Parler update its moderation policies to ban users from planning to storm the U.S. Capitol like what happened on Wednesday.
"We have received numerous complaints regarding objectionable content in your Parler service, accusations that the Parler app was used to plan, coordinate, and facilitate the illegal activities in Washington D.C. on January 6, 2021 that led (among other things) to loss of life, numerous injuries, and the destruction of property," Apple wrote in the letter. "The app also appears to continue to be used to plan and facilitate yet further illegal and dangerous activities."
Apple then made its threat, "to ensure there is no interruption of the availability of your app on the App Store," demanding Parler update its app and submit to Apple a "requested moderation improvement plan within 24 hours of the date of the message."
Parler CEO John Matze called Apple "authoritarian," saying the company already enforces rules such as those demanded by Apple.
"We will not cave to pressure from anti-competitive actors! We will and always have enforced our rules against violence and illegal activity. But we WONT cave to politically motivated companies and those authoritarians who hate free speech!" Matze wrote on Parler.
"Anyone who buys an Apple phone is apparently a user. Apperently [sic] they know what is best for you by telling you which apps you may and may not use," he also said.
Apple added that recent content on Parler has crossed a line and should be moderated.
"Content of this dangerous and harmful nature is not appropriate for the App Store. As you know from prior conversations with App Review, Apple requires apps with user generated content to effectively moderate to ensure objectionable, potentially harmful content is filtered out," Apple wrote. "Content that threatens the well being of others or is intended to incite violence or other lawless acts has never been acceptable on the App Store."
To be clear, Apple has not sent similar warnings to Twitter regarding its continued allowance of Chinese Communist Party propaganda or Ayatollah Khamenei's repeated calls for the eradication of Israel.
Here is the full text of Apple's letter:
We require your immediate attention regarding serious App Store guideline violations that we have found with your app, Parler.
We have received numerous complaints regarding objectionable content in your Parler service, accusations that the Parler app was used to plan, coordinate, and facilitate the illegal activities in Washington D.C. on January 6, 2021 that led (among other things) to loss of life, numerous injuries, and the destruction of property. The app also appears to continue to be used to plan and facilitate yet further illegal and dangerous activities.
Our investigation has found that Parler is not effectively moderating and removing content that encourages illegal activity and poses a serious risk to the health and safety of users in direct violation of your own terms of service, found here: https://legal.parler.com/documents/Elaboration-on-Guidelines.pdf
Examples of these complaints can be viewed on these links:
appleCensorshipParler
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Next Next post: CNN's Oliver Darcy Ramps Up Pressure To Censor Networks


text:
Q: text String to an int Hi I am new to java and looking for advice.
I want to take the result of the method Country_name and covert this result to an int and pass it in to the method calc_pop_pre_sq_ft.
From the example below, I enter France which is associated with a String result of "66 Million".
How would I take the String "66 Million" and change this to the int 66 and pass this in to my method?
At the moment I am passing 66 manually
calc1.calc_pop_pre_sq_ft(66,2);

I get the output
Country Population is 66million
Population is 33 Million people per square mile

Do I need to setup an array with String and int values associated with each String and then pass location of a country in that Array in to the method?
public class StringTest {

String Country_Name;

String Country_Name(String eName){

    if (eName.equals ("UK")) {
        Country_Name = "60";
    } else if (eName.equals ("USA")) {
        Country_Name = "318";
    } else if (eName.equals ("Japan")) {
        Country_Name = "127";
    } else if (eName.equals ("France")) {
        Country_Name = "66";
    }
    else {
        Country_Name = "no country selected";
    }
        return Country_Name;
}

public int calc_pop_pre_sq_ft( int enter_Popu_in_Million, int enterSqumiles) {

    int a_popu_per_sq_m = enter_Popu_in_Million / enterSqumiles;
    return a_popu_per_sq_m;
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {

StringTest calc1 = new StringTest();

int aSquaremiles = calc1.calc_pop_pre_sq_ft(66,2);
String aCountry = calc1.Country_Name("France");

System.out.println("Country Population is " + aCountry + " million");
System.out.println("Population is " + aSquaremiles + " Million people per square mile");
}
}

A: In Java, each basic data type has its own parser method implemented in his corresponding class. If you want to obtain an int out of your String returning method, you could do something like:
String aCountry = calc1.Country_Name("France");
int country_number = Integer.parseInt(aCountry);
Note that aCountry will keep having a String stored, but now you will have this String as an int stored in country_number.
Moreover, you can actually return an int from your Country_name method. It'd be like:

int Country_Name(String eName){
int Country_Name;

if (eName.equals ("UK")) {
    Country_Name = 60;
} else if (eName.equals ("USA")) {
    Country_Name = 318;
} else if (eName.equals ("Japan")) {
    Country_Name = 127;
} else if (eName.equals ("France")) {
    Country_Name = 66;
}
else {
    Country_Name = -1;
}
    return Country_Name;

}

Then, when you call the method, you should control that it's not returning -1, since this would mean that no countries were selected. Hope it helps.

A: To convert a String to an int you can do the following:

    try {
        return Integer.parseInt(myStringNumber);

    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {

       log.error("This is not a number.");
    }

A: Try this code. I think this program will help you a lot.
public class StringTest {

String Country_Name;

String Country_Name(String eName){

if (eName.equals ("UK")) {
    Country_Name = "60";
} else if (eName.equals ("USA")) {
    Country_Name = "318";
} else if (eName.equals ("Japan")) {
    Country_Name = "127";
} else if (eName.equals ("France")) {
    Country_Name = "66";
}
else {
    Country_Name = "-1";
}
    return Country_Name;

}

public int calc_pop_pre_sq_ft( int enter_Popu_in_Million, int enterSqumiles) {

int a_popu_per_sq_m = enter_Popu_in_Million / enterSqumiles;
return a_popu_per_sq_m;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

StringTest calc1 = new StringTest();

int aCountry = Integer.parseInt(calc1.Country_Name("France"));
if (aCountry != -1){
    int aSquaremiles = calc1.calc_pop_pre_sq_ft(aCountry,2);

    System.out.println("Country Population is " + aCountry + " million");
    System.out.println("Population is " + aSquaremiles + " Million people per square mile");
}

else{
    System.out.println("No country selected.");
}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Лози́на-Лози́нський — прізвище членів обрусілої дворянської сім'ї вихідців із Польщі, що належала до роду Лозинських. Указом Сенату, щоб відрізняти від решти Лозинських, цій гілці було надано прізвище Любич-Ярмолович-Лозина-Лозинський. Проте, зазвичай, прізвище скорочували до двох останніх слів.

Відомі носії

 Лозина-Лозинський Володимир Костянтинович (1885—1937) — протоієрей.
 Лозина-Лозинський Гліб Євгенович (1909—2001) — авіаконструктор.
 Лозина-Лозинський Костянтин Костянтинович (1894, Петербург — 1986) — філософ.
 Лозина-Лозинський Костянтин Степанович (1859, Кам'янець-Подільський — 1940) — лікар, народник.
 Лозина-Лозинський Михайло Олександрович (1865 — ?) — пермський губернатор (1914—1917).
 Лозина-Лозинський Олексій Костянтинович (1886—1916) — поет, прозаїк, критик.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
'use strict'
/**
 * 登录路由逻辑
 * @author Knight Young
 * @type {*|exports|module.exports}
 */
let express = require('express'),
    login   = require('../modules/loginPage/main'),
    con     = require('../modules/connectDB.js'),
    router  = express.Router()

router.get('/', function(req, res) {

  req.session.userId ? res.redirect('/index') : res.render('loginPage/login')

})

/**
 * 登录请求处理
 */
router.post('/login/submit', function(req, res) {

  con.query(login.inputCheck(req.body)).then(function(results) {

    if(results.length===1) {//结果唯一,验证通过

      req.session.userId   = results[0].userId
      req.session.userName = results[0].userName

      res.redirect('/index')

    } else { res.render('jump', {msg: '用户名和密码不正确或不存在'}) }

  }).catch(function(error) { throw error })

})

module.exports = router

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package httpmitm

import (
	"errors"
)

var (
	ErrNotFound   = errors.New("Not found. Please making sure the resource has been stubed!")
	ErrTimeout    = errors.New("Request timeout")
	ErrUnsupport  = errors.New("Unsupported Conten-Type of response data.")
	ErrRefused    = errors.New("Connection refused. Please making sure the request has been stubed!")
	ErrTimes      = errors.New("Invalid value of times. It must be non-negative integer value.")
	ErrInvocation = errors.New("Not an chained invocation. Please invoking MockRequest(method, url) first.")
	ErrResponse   = errors.New("Not an chained response. Please invoking WithResponser(code, header, body) first.")
)


Hatchling sea turtles are so cute, but have you ever seen an albino hatchling sea turtle? Researchers at a turtle monitoring program on Vamizi Island in Mozambique have discovered four albino green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) two of which made it to the ocean. The other two were found dead.
The researchers are conducting genetic testing on the tissue samples from the dead turtles and are now trying to determine if other turtle conservation programs have found similar turtles with cases of albinism.
"Since the discovery, we have been doing some research and haven't yet been able to find any records of albino green turtles with no pigmentation in their eyes," Joana Trindade, conservation community manager on Vamizi Island, told Seven Seas.
Albino green sea turtles are rare but several have surfaced around the world over the years. A Youtube search yielded some interesting sea turtles with all white shells and bodies, all white bodies, but none that appeared to lack pigmentation in their eyes.


I got this for my boyfriend. He said its pleasurable, but hard to keep ahold of.
Interesting Item, but not very functional at all.
When I first opened this item I was impressed with the feel and general appearance, But from there it went straight down hill, The opening was entirely to small and depth was also lacking, a few drops of lube and the battle was on to slide in a 1/4 inch, which exposed problem 2, now you have a air filled pocket that is impossible to get any deeper into, If you have any lube at all get on the outside its like a greased pig and nearly impossible to hold onto. by the time I reached this point I was annoyed and simply gave up. I looked at it and noted that from just that little bit of effort to use it a small tear appeared at the opening so it likely won't last very long if I ever get to use it completely.


Are Your Products Bio Degradable?
Our Bath and Body Range use bio degradable ingredients and so are fine to take with you if you're lucky enough to go to eco camps!
Our shampoos and conditioners contain hydrolyzed wheat protein to smooth and condition the hair shaft. This means that there could be gluten present in these products. All other Organic Surge products are wheat/gluten free.
Yes – we use materials that can be recycled, and we don't use more packaging than is needed. Any restrictions on what can be recycled will be determined by your local authority's facilities.
We absolutely do not and our manufacturing partners do not. For more information on our no animal testing policy, please click here.
Are Your Products Suitable For Babies And Children?
Our products may be used on children over two years old. For under 2's we would recommend that you use products which have been specifically formulated for this age group as infant's skin is five times thinner than adult skin. This is not yet one of our areas of expertise.
Are Your Products Suitable For Use During Pregnancy?
Organic Surge products are very mild and are designed for everyday use. Essential oils are considered safe for use during pregnancy, subject to normal use, no known complications in pregnancy and no known allergies. However, as usual during this sensitive time, please consult your doctor for definitive recommendations.
Can you send me samples?
While we would love to deliver samples to everyone, we're very sorry but it's not something we are able to do at this time.
Who do I contact about a product issue or concern?
How long are products good for after opening?
For optimal quality and freshness, we do recommend that you refrigerate any open pouch that's not yet empty, and consume the contents within 24 hours.


Shadow or Fire gunner? What's the DPS difference?
I have a question that google/BNS forum topics cannot answer with up-to-date information right now as of the past couple months (May to present).
People juggle between which class element for gunners do the most dps. I just want to know for my personal information (and hopefully for others too) because I currently have a level 45 Gunner in progress of reaching max level whenever I'm finished with my main for the day. I have friends who play gunner as a main but their opinion is rather biased since they can't afford trying out both elements to see the difference in dps. So I'm asking a larger crowd of people in hopes that someone had did a little bit of research.
Is fire gunner still stupid overpowered as far as dps goes? Or has shadow started to come around?
To me the animation for fire is not as interesting as shadow yet there are so many fire gunners around which leads to fire gunner having more dps than shadow. YET thats only if RNG is on their side and they get that sweet true shot enough times for their rotation. Meanwhile shadow can be sustained in dps. Im basing this off of the old information I recall from gunners. It could be completely different now but my question still stands. Does anyone have an unbiased answer?
but they have roughly the same dps potential on actual raid fight.
One further thing to add is that where the Fire is bursty, it's also quite unreliable because if the Triple Threat doesn't proc enough, your dps will tank. Shadow, otoh, has lower ceiling, but it also has higher floor, so it ends up as more stable and equal dps in the long run. Shadow is also much more dynamic and fun to play. And Shadow's very reliable, where Fire works as it wants to.
This is so wrong. Fire>Shadow for both burst and sustained fights. Fire is still king, shadow is easier to use that is all. Look at top KR gunners like Nodah even proving this as a fact several times over. The main issue with fire is that its harder to use (as you need to time in certain skills due to how stationary you are, requires a decent ping to get 7 bulletstorms off, and as others said it works when it wants to as its even more rng based).


text:
Želva Hamiltonova (Geoclemys hamiltonii), anglicky ,  či , je sladkovodní druh želvy z jižní Asie. Patří do monotypického rodu Geoclemys.

Etymologie
Želva Hamiltonova byla popsána v roce 1831 britským zoologem Johnem Edwardem Grayem. Druhové jméno Hamiltonova nese na počest skotského botanika a ichtyologa Francise Hamiltona, který strávil v Indii dvacet let a popsal desítky živočichů.

Popis
Detailnímu popisu tohoto druhu se věnoval George A. Boulenger ve své knize Fauna Britské Indie, včetně Cejlonu a Barmy (The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma), přičemž použil jméno Damonia Hamiltonii, nikoliv Geoclemys.

Želva Hamiltonova je zbarvená tmavohnědě až černě, přičemž má žluté skvrny. Skvrny jsou největší na hlavě a na krku, ale vyskytují se i na vyklenutém krunýři. Hlava je poměrně velká, zatímco čenich i ocas jsou krátké. Mladé želvy mají zadní konec krunýře vroubkovaný, u dospělých jedinců toto vroubkování mizí.

Samice dorůstají do délky asi 30 centimetrů (12 palců), samci jsou o něco menší.

Tyto želvy se dožívají 15 až 20 let.

Potrava
Želva Hamiltonova má silné čelisti a živí se především měkkýši, vodním hmyzem, kraby a menšími rybami, krom toho ale také rostlinnou potravou. Jedná se o všežravce.

Výskyt
Želvy Hamiltonovi se v současné době vyskytují v Pákistánu (jsou jedním z 15 druhů tamních želv),  Nepálu, na severovýchodě Indie ve státě Ásám a v Bangladéši.

Ohrožení
Podle Červeného seznamu IUNC je želva Hamiltonova ohroženým taxonem, přičemž se označení ohrožený (zkratka EN) přiřazuje druhům, které čelí riziku vyhynutí v blízké budoucnosti. Od roku 1975 chrání tyto želvy úmluva CITES. Přesný počet jedinců v divoké přírodě není znám. Mezi hlavní příčiny ohrožení patří nelegální obchod (pro maso, využití ve farmaceutickém průmyslu, chov), degradace přirozeného prostředí (rozšiřování rýžových polí, urbanizace, znečišťování vod, úprava říčních koryt a odvodňování) a rybolov.

Chov v zajetí
V Evropě je želva Hamiltonova chována v deseti zoologických zahradách. Z českých zoo je chová jen Zoo Ostrava a to od roku 2010 v chovatelsko-expozičním celku Čitván. Jedná se o dva samce a dvě samice. V roce 2019 se podařilo v Ostravě odchovat mláďata. Jedna ze samic nakladla 17. října snůšku 13 vajec, která byla následně rozdělena do dvou skupin a inkubována při různých teplotách, aby se vylíhly samičky a samečci. Šest vajec bylo inkubováno při vyšší teplotě na samice, sedm při nižší na samce. V první půlce prosince se v teplejší líhni vylíhly dvě samičky, jedna záhy uhynula, tři vejce byla neoplozená a v jednom bylo mrtvé mládě. Na Vánoce se vyklubali tři samci, tři vejce byla neoplozená a v jednom stejně jako v případě samiček bylo mrtvé mládě. Celkem se tedy podařilo odchovat jednu samičku a tři samce.

Galerie

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

Batagurovití


Are you like I was, starting out with an assortment of high quality, therapeutic grade essential oils but without the slightest clue how to best use them?
Where do you turn to first? Google?
Hop on good ole Pinterest, type in "essential oils blends", and prepare for the onslaught of results. How do you know if any of these actually work for what you want to do? Are those blends safe in the amounts stated?
That's where 101 Essential Oil Blends for Aromatic and Topical Use comes in.
Whether you're a mom with tons on your plate, a business person looking to optimize your efficiency or workspace environment, or a health conscious consumer seeking to use essential oils on a daily basis, this ebook is for you.
Easy readability, simple navigation, brief yet complete blend effect descriptions, and personal touches combine to make this ebook inviting and incredibly appealing! And it's pretty too! ~Lauren J.
This ebook is perfect for anyone who wants to incorporate oils into their daily lives. Easy to use and understand, this ebook is a great tool for everyone who wants to use oils more effectively. ~Angela S.
I have read and can wholeheartedly recommend 101 Essential Oil Blends for Topical & Aromatic Use by Rachel Zupke – so many great suggestions for immune and respiratory support, adrenal support, emotional support blends that help to uplift, motivate, calm, refresh, and balance.
Rachel's cautious, scientific approach to essential oils made me feel confident that even a busy mom and oils skeptic like me could find simple, practical ways to incorporate them into my daily routine. Her patience, knowledge, and enthusiasm is refreshing. I've gotten wonderful advice and will continue to seek oily guidance from Rachel! ~Emily G.
Why did I write this book? So that essential oil users would use oils the way they're intended: safely, effectively, and for a variety of both everyday and uniquely necessary reasons. In my time as a health advocate and essential oil educator, I've seen too many people stop using oils and head back to their old, chemical-laden standbys because they don't have an easy reference for using oils throughout their day or week.
At $7.99, 101 Essential Oils for Aromatic and Topical Use will be your go-to when it comes to using oils on a daily basis.
But why should you listen to me anyways? I'm a stay at home mom to two rambunctious kiddos but I was a high school chemistry and biology teacher before holding down the fort. Whether my days are long or longer, essential oils have transformed the way I care for myself and my family in the everyday things plus they help me create and maintain a pleasant atmosphere in the midst of controlled chaos.
Don't take my word for it, though. Check out the ebook for yourself! I've put in the work of checking and double checking blends against trusted scientific literature – Tisserand and Young's Essential Oil Safety Vol. 2 – as well as clearly communicating the proper amounts and dilutions for usage both aromatically and topically. Since I'd already been putting these to work with my family, I naturally wanted to share it with you!
You'll get instant access to the ebook that's packed with effective blends and practical tips including proper dilution and usage. This way, your biggest struggle will be what to diffuse on a particular day or what roller bottles to keep with you throughout the day.
Does this book include pre-made blends in some recipes? Yes, I did include some pre-made blends in a quarter of the recipes. Those blends usually have percentages of very expensive oils, ones that most essential oils users might not have on hand. However, since most essential oil users have at least one of these blends regardless of the company who made them (protective blend, anyone?), I found it appropriate to incorporate them into the blends in this book.
What if I don't like the ebook? I'll be disappointed the blends didn't work out for you! That said, I know essential oils aren't for everyone and your satisfaction is important to me. Email me within 14 days and I'll refund your money, no questions asked.
Do you have an affiliate program? Not yet, but when I do, I'll let ya know! Email me to be alerted when it's ready.
What happens when I click the Buy Now button? You'll be directed to product page where you'll add the ebook to your cart. You'll then your payment information. Upon completion of payment, you will be able to download the ebook and get oiling!


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Operation shutdown
By By Tony Pizza
By Tony Pizza
Northern Arizona has 11 players out for every offensive play, but the Utes knew they needed to give the bulk of their attention to just one of those players to keep the Lumberjacks from repeating the scare they were able to give No. 23 Arizona State the week before.
NAU wideout Alex Watson went off for 206 yards and two touchdowns against the Sun Devils, and the Utes knew a key to winning was to not let the speedy receiver go crazy on them Saturday night at Rice-Eccles Stadium.
"I was excited for this match-up because, hearing what he said on the radio, and this and that about our group, it really got me fired up," U defensive back Eric Weddle said.
After Watson caught three passes for 19 yards on Northern Arizona's first possession, the Utes called on their All-American candidate to apply asphyxiating bump and pressure man-coverage to the Lumberjacks' most potent offensive weapon. For the remainder of the game, Watson barely drew a look from NAU quarterback Jason Murrieta, and Weddle prevented Watson from touching another pass.
"Those three catches were in cover 2, which is meaningless. And when I was manned up with him, he did nothing, so I'm proud of that," Weddle said. "I'm proud for the guys that came together and really took this opportunity to shut this guy down, because he was their main offense last week and I'm glad that we shut him down. He doesn't have much to say about us now."
Many times, it is easy to get a feel for what kind of game a player is having by how many times his name gets called. For Eric Weddle, it was how many times his, or Watson's, name did not get called. Weddle's coverage was so effective that, oftentimes, Murrietta quickly checked off Watson and went through his player progression on plays that were designed for Watson. Weddle even contributed to a coverage sack in the third quarter when Murrietta rolled out to the right on a second-and-10 play. Murrietta's eyes were locked in on Watson as he tried to fake an inside slant before reversing to the sideline. Weddle stayed with Watson stride-for-stride, and Murrieta opted not to chance an interception, instead getting sacked by Kelly Talavou for a loss of 12 yards.
After Northern Arizona's first possession, Watson was only thrown to one more time in each half. The first attempt came on the Lumberjacks' touchdown drive in the first quarter. The second pass, which was intended for Watson, resulted in a Shaun Harper interception in the fourth quarter.
Although the interception was a good defensive play for the Utes, the result was not. Shaun Harper broke his wrist and is expected to miss six to eight weeks with the injury. The injury to Harper puts the Utes in a tough position.
"We're thin at corner anyways. We do have the wild card-you know, No. 32 that can do it all. So every year in the last three years, we've had to move him at some point to full-time corner, so maybe this is no different this year." Whittingham said. "That's our first answer-more than likely, is to put Eric back there (at cornerback) full time, but that decision won't be made for a couple days."
The Utes will hope to get junior free safety Steve Tate back from an ankle injury next week, in case they need to move Weddle over to the corner position.
Lennie Mahler
Utah senior Eric Weddle returns a punt early in the second quarter of Saturday's home game against Northern Arizona University.


Includes jobs responsible for the operations of Cedar Grove Cemetery. Typical activities include property management, policy development and compliance, and fiscal and administrative functions of the cemetery. May provide bereavement counseling.


My daughter is a student and she is pursuing her Master's degree from one of the top university of panjab. She is currently living in Patiala. We come from an Upper middle class, Nuclear family background with Traditional values.In family she has one brother MBA from DU Delhi ,who is just married and is corporate planner in one of top MNC in Mumbai .
My daughter has a Bachelor's degree and she is employed in private Sector as a software professional belong to Patiala. We come from an affluent, nuclear family background with moderate values.
My daughter has a Bachelor's degree(B.A.M.S) and she is employed in private Sector as a doctor currently based in Patiala. We come from a middle class, nuclear family background with traditional values.
My daughter is a Software Professional with a Bachelor's degree currently working in a software company in (Noida)We belong to an Upper middle class, Nuclear family with Traditional values.we are Radhasoami faith followers of (Dayalbagh agra.)we are pure vegetarian..No need to contect if non vegetarian and drinker.
She is a decent girl with charming personality. She is fond of cooking. She likes to watch Punjabi desi music & surfing net, love to help others. She is kind hearted having positive and adjustable nature. She respects elders. She is ambitious & career oriented girl. Recently, she cleared the PSTET Exam for seeking Govt job in Educational Departments. At present she is doing job in Private School.
Hi, thank you for visiting my daughter's profile.She has completed her Bachelors in science.By nature, she is an affectionate and helpful girl, blessed with a charming personality.We would want a match who is respectful of elders.
I'm successfully employed as a Administrative Professional in a private firm. I belong to the Rajput caste and am looking for a match from the same community. To describe about my family, we are a nuclear family with strong traditional values. I reside in the beautiful city of Patiala.
I have done my master's degree and am searching for a suitable job. I come from a middle class, nuclear family with liberal values, currently settled in Patiala.
HELLO AM SUNITA PATEL. MY HOBBY COOKING, DANCING, CARING.


For most of us there are three things more important in our lives than anything else. Firstly, there is our family relationship, partner, children, etc. Secondly, there is our home, and thirdly our job. And yet, despite this, so many people do not adequately research the organisation to which they have applied.
Retail recruitment consultants often complain that so many employer interviews are cut short when the first question asked is, "have you been to one of our stores?" and the answer is "No". If you're going to work for a retail firm then, quite frankly, not to have visited a store beforehand is insulting to the employer. In a straw poll, most consultants said that about 20% of candidates do not do this even if they have been advised to do so by the consultant.
Rule number one when interviewing at a retailer or hospitality company: visit at least one of their sites.
Just visiting a site may not be enough. You should do your own SWOT analysis of the site you visit. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. See our article online by searching 'SWOT retail appointment'. Be sure to focus more on the strengths and opportunities, for no employer wishes to be told that their business is weak or threatened.
The next vital piece of research is to find out what has been said about them in the press recently. This is easy. Just do an online Google check on the company's name and look for anything that has been said about them. At interview, focus on the positives and avoid any scandals if you can.
Look at the company's own website and see what they say about themselves. You should spend some time on this and make sure you know the name of the CEO. Interviewers often refer to their CEO by their first name and presume you know to whom they are referring. You will look foolish if you say, "Who's Michael?".
If it's a public company, then know the share price. This is easily found online. You should have some idea about how the company is performing. If it is not a public company, then see if there are any recent announcements concerning performance.
If you know who your interviewer is then you should most certainly research them. They will almost surely be on some form of social media and you may find useful clues that will help you. For example, if you have a similar hobby or support the same football team.
Whilst talking about social media, check your own profiles as you can be sure the employer will research you. If you have anything remotely controversial or potentially embarrassing on your Facebook account then make it totally private or remove it. Facebook probably loses more job opportunities for people than it helps find. If you're on Linkedin, then make sure your profile is up to date.
This may sound obvious but check, double check, and then check again where you are going for the interview. Check your journey time so that you are not late. Being late is forgivable and will probably not be too damaging. But, being late will make you flustered and you will not give your best.
Almost all interviewers invite you to ask questions. The quality of your questions may be crucial to your success or failure. Questions about the company's expansion plans, most challenging trading areas and how they beat the competition all go down well. Questions about any recent bad press may not help; and questions about your remuneration, holiday entitlement and the like belong at the end of the process and not at first interview.
Do have a good idea about who their competitors are. You will often be asked this. Be careful not to insult them. For example, if you're interviewing with Cartier you should not suggest that H Samuel is their competitor. Sainsbury's is an obvious competitor to Tesco; but both may take umbrage at being compared to Lidl. When discussing competitors, be sure to position the employer positively in comparison to any competitor.
Finally, be prepared to be asked about other irons you have in the fire. If you are interviewing elsewhere there is nothing wrong with telling the employer this. You may be asked which would be your preference.
The only answer that the employer wants to hear is that they are the first choice.
You may expect to be shown the door if you say that their competitor would be your first choice.
Whatever you say, you must sound like you are very keen on their job even if you are not. Let's face it, you want to be offered. A job offer boosts your confidence, and may be good enough that they become your first choice. If you don't get offered, your confidence is damaged and you've missed an opportunity.


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Historic Bridge Foundation
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Historic Bridges in Texas: The Post-War Years
July 29, 2014 Nathan Holth
Bridges in Texas built after World War II represent a rich example of important innovations by renowned Texas bridge designers. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), the Texas Historical Commission (THC), and the Historic Bridge Foundation (HBF) have collaborated to identify these bridges, evaluate their historic significance, and develop a plan to manage them.
How were significant bridges identified?
Texas retains approximately 15,000 bridges built between 1945 and 1965. Over the past several years, TxDOT researched these bridges, interviewed retired bridge engineers, and evaluated the bridges for National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) significance. TxDOT finalized NRHP eligibility determinations, and the THC and HBF concurred that more than 100 of the post-1945 bridges are eligible for listing on the NRHP for their historical and engineering significance.
Why are these bridges historically significant?
These bridges can be historically significant for a range of reasons including:
Association with important post-World War II highway programs
Early use of newly developed bridge types or construction materials
Award-winning design or design by an important bridge engineer
How will TxDOT manage these historic bridges?
TxDOT, the THC, and the HBF have established a treatment plan for these 100-plus historic bridges. This plan includes dividing the bridges into three groups based on their historic and/or engineering significance. This approach would dictate the type of regulatory compliance and mitigation that TxDOT would be required to complete if any future projects would result in adverse effects to the bridges. These three groups are:
Group I: Bridges requiring TxDOT's full compliance and mitigation under federal law
Group II: Bridges receiving programmatic mitigation under this public involvement effort, and no further mitigation is required under federal law
Group III: Bridges for which existing documentation is sufficient mitigation for any future adverse effects
TxDOT, THC, and the HBF want your opinion on the identified post-1945 historic bridges and the proposed treatment approach. Please complete the comment cards available at this open house or visit the TxDOT or THC websites below to email a comment. We look forward to hearing from you!
Please click here to view a detailed presentation about post-war historic bridges in Texas.
TxDOT's website: http://www.txdot.gov/inside-txdot/projects/studies/statewide/historic-bridges.html
THC's website: http://www.thc.state.tx.us/learn/historic-bridges-texas
Contact: TxDOT environmental consultant, Maryellen Russo 512-264-1095 or mrusso @ blantonassociates.com
Historic Bridge Foundation Facebook Page Launched
April 11, 2014 Nathan Holth
The Historic Bridge Foundation is proud to announce it now has a new Facebook page. At this time, we plan to feature a monthly "Focus Bridge" on the Facebook page, which will include a description of the bridge and why it is of interest to the Historic Bridge Foundation. Each Focus Bridge will be posted as a photo gallery which will contain photos and other media relating to the bridge.
The Facebook page can be viewed at the following address: facebook.com/historicbridgefoundation and we invite you to "Like" the page to show your support.
Call for Papers for the Savannah Preserving The Historic Road Conference
December 9, 2013 Nathan Holth
Reminder that the Call for Papers for the Savannah PTHR Conference is Due By January 31, 2014!
Plan to attend the Ninth Biennial Preserving the Historic Road Conference in Savannah, Georgia, September 26-28, 2014. The local planning committee is putting together an exciting program including tours of Southeast Coastal Roads and of Savannah's historic paving materials, a welcoming event at the Savannah History Museum, and a Low Country Boil at the historic Tybee Island Lighthouse. Details will be forthcoming on the conference website.
Conference Hotel: Embassy Suites Savannah
Call for Papers: If you are interested in presenting a paper at Preserving the Historic Road 2014, abstracts are now being accepted. The deadline for paper abstracts is January 31, 2014. For more information and details on submitting an abstract, visit us: http://historicroads.org/
Please share with your colleagues and plan to join us in Savannah!
New Video About Arkansas Historic Bridges
May 17, 2013 Nathan Holth
The Arkansas Historic Preservation Program has produced a short new video documentary that discusses historic bridges in Arkansas. Visit their blog or view the video directly below.
Every Bridge Tells a Story
February 2, 2013 Nathan Holth
Along the banks of Bayou Teche in the heart of Cajun country sits a 1938 rim-bearing swing bridge. Misunderstood by some, but loved by others, the demise of this special bridge was imminent until the Historic Bridge Foundation received a telephone call in the spring of 2007. Despite his tears and my difficulty understanding his strong Cajun accent, the gentleman on the other end of the call was able to explain the story of the bridge and its importance to the history of sugarcane farming and the community where it stands. As I listened, I began to realize that a determination of eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places had not been completed and that several federal procedures were not being followed.
Thus began the saga of the Vida Shaw Swing Bridge. Thanks to a team of dedicated people and a few miracles, the bridge stands today. Although its final fate is still unknown, the bridge is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places at the state level of significance. The federal Section 106 process continues. And a proud Louisiana gentleman continues to take his morning walk and gaze, at least for now, upon a noble bridge that is part of his heritage, and part of the story that defines Iberia Parish, Louisiana.
In many ways, that conversation was a pivotal moment for the Historic Bridge Foundation. We were beginning to expand our original work beyond Texas to the other 49 states and were learning more about the importance of grassroots support. As executive director, I was well aware that it "takes a village" to save a bridge, but not until that conversation on an early April morning did I truly understand how deeply a person or a community could love and find their identity in a historic bridge.
Saving a historic bridge is frequently a complicated and time-consuming process. Federal procedures are in place to help us save bridges, but the ways in which these federal rules and regulations are implemented seem to vary from state to state. And then there is the issue of money. Many times federal money is available. Sometimes state and/or local funds can be found. But regardless of the money source, replacement is almost always seen as the cheaper, and thus, best route. What is lost in the calculated costs of replacing or rehabilitating a historic bridge is the intrinsic value of the bridge itself. Across our country we devote million of dollars to the preservation of buildings, schools, and other cultural and historic landmarks. Often, however, when a community takes inventory of their historic properties, the local historic bridge fails to make the list. Somehow we must elevate the importance of our historic bridges in the stories that identify the communities of our nation and say "this bridge is part of who we are and it must be saved."
The Historic Bridge Foundation exists to help individuals and communities pay tribute to their heritage by providing education about the importance of historic bridges and by joining forces to save these engineering landmarks. We invite you to contact us and tell us your story so we can work together to find solutions that will insure that the historic bridge in your community will have a place in the stories yet to come.
Kitty Henderson, Executive Director
Historians and residents preserve historic bridge in Collin County, Texas
October 2, 2012 Nathan Holth
A historic stone-and-brick bridge built by the Houston and Central Texas Railroad company in 1872 in Collin County, Texas has been Listed on the National Register of Historic Places and preservation work is planned for this historic bridge. Read more here: www.pegasusnews.com/news/2012/aug/15/historians-preserve-historic-bridge-highway-5-over/
This historic stone-and-brick bridge was built by the Houston and Central Texas Railroad company in 1872.
In Appreciation
June 26, 2012 Nathan Holth
The Historic Bridge Foundation thanks Jim Cooper for his service to the Foundation as board member and president. In the above photo, board member Vern Mesler (right) presents Jim Cooper (left) with an appreciation plaque during the 2012 Iron & Steel Preservation Conference at Lansing Community College in Lansing, Michigan.
Historic Bridges of Yosemite Valley Placed On 2012 List of 11 Most Endangered Historic Places
June 8, 2012 Nathan Holth
Yosemite National Park is one of America's most beautiful and cherished national parks, and three beautiful concrete bridges with stone facing constructed from 1928-1932 and crossing the Merced River have been both functional and beautiful elements of the park since their construction. However their future is now threatened by short-sighted demolition plans. In response to this threat to the historic bridges, the National Trust for Historic Preservation has included the Bridges of Yosemite Valley this year as one of their annual listings of the 11 Most Endangered Historic Places in America. Click here to view the official listing on the National Trust website. The source of this demolition threat is the development of a comprehensive management plan for the Merced River in Yosemite National Park. The plan needlessly calls for the demolition of these historic bridges. Details about the Merced River Plan are available at the official website.
Rivet Demonstration Part of Golden Gate Bridge 75th Anniversary Celebration
As the famous Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco turns 75 this year, a celebration was held to honor the bridge. Among the many events that were part of the celebration was a demonstration of heating and driving rivets. Rivets were the type of fastener used to assemble the parts of the Golden Gate Bridge, as well as most metal bridges built before 1970. Riveting is not used in bridge construction anymore except in historic bridge restoration work. The rivet demonstration was put on by Vern Mesler, who is a board member of the Historic Bridge Foundation. Click here to view a television news story that provides details of the rivet demonstration.
Students Attend Iron & Steel Preservation Conference With Scholarships Funded By Historic Bridge Foundation
March 28, 2012 Nathan Holth
Two college students were able to attend the 2012 Iron & Steel Preservation Conference at Lansing Community College in Lansing, Michigan with scholarships funded by the Historic Bridge Foundation. The recipients of the scholarships were David Trayte, a student at the Savannah College of Art and Design and Andrew Evick, a student at the University of Vermont.
From left to right: Dr. Jim Cooper (Historic Bridge Foundation), David Trayte, (Savannah College of Art and Design), Dr. Brent Knight (Lansing Community College President), Andrew Evick (University of Vermont), and Nan Jackson (Lansing Community College).
Visit our page dedicated to helping you learn how to save your historic bridge.
Kitty Henderson
1500 Payne Ave
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View Historic Bridges Available For Relocation and Reuse
The Historic Bridge Foundation is a national advocacy organization for the preservation of historic bridges in the United States.
We offer support to all persons interested in bridge preservation through:
Service as a clearinghouse for information on the preservation of historic bridges via a website and newsletter.
Identification of and communication with individuals and groups interested in the preservation of historic bridges
Consultation with public officials to devise reasonable alternatives to demolishing or adversely affecting historic bridges
Development of educational programs to promote awareness of historic bridge
• Paul Brandenburg, President (Indiana)
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• Craig Holstine (Washington)
Every Bridge Tells a Story...
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Copyright © 2010-2021 Historic Bridge Foundation. Historic Bridge Foundation is a 501(C)(3) organization. This project has been funded in part by a grant from the Fondren Endowed Fund of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Burdine Johnson Foundation.


The stars, they're truly just like us! They have car insurance. They enjoy mile-long CVS receipts. They take air into their lungs and expel it for survival purposes. Well, sorry, we've just been informed Jennifer Lopez is not quite a civilian, as she's humbly admitted that even she is surprised by her lack of visible age. At 48 years old, J. Lo is feeling and looking 22, and it's really hard to disagree with her.


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Le Club Nautique Chambéry Bourget du Lac (ou CNCB) est un club d'aviron présent en France dans le département de la Savoie au Bourget-du-Lac. Il fut fondé en 1898.

Présentation
Le club se situe sur la rive ouest du Lac du Bourget, le plus grand lac naturel de France. Le CNCB est ouvert aux novices comme aux rameurs les plus confirmés qui pour certains ont la chance de représenter la France lors de grandes compétitions.

Le club ouvre ses portes également aux :
 Classes sportives
 Entreprises
 Universitaires
 Scolaires

Les Couleurs du club sont le bleu et le blanc. Les rames sont blanches avec en diagonal au milieu une bande bleue. Les tenues sont bleues avec une bande blanche sur les côtés et le logo du club sur la poitrine.

Résultats
Le club participe tout au long de l'année à de nombreuses compétitions locales, régionales mais également nationales.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Sport en Pays de Savoie

Liens externes
  Site officiel du Club Nautique Chambéry Bourget du Lac.

Sport en Savoie
Le Bourget-du-Lac
Club d'aviron en France
Club sportif à Chambéry


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3BD | 2.5BA | 1,628 SqFt.
Nicely upgraded 3+2.5 in Country Glen. Ideal location near the end of a cul-de-sac. Great floor plan featuring lots of windows & light, spacious living room with vaulted ceiling and fireplace, formal dining area, light-colored laminate flooring throughout, ½ bath down, nice-sized family room just off kitchen , customized pantry and inside laundry room. Kitchen features stainless steel appliances, granite counters and a Viking range. Ceiling fans in all bedrooms. Central heating and A/C. Garage floor has been nicely re-surfaced and there are several storage compartments in the garage. All bedrooms are upstairs and the master bedroom features a walk-in closet and high ceilings. Close proximity to schools, shopping and dining.


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This Touching Song About Early-Onset Alzheimer's Will Bring You To Tears!
By Allison Espiritu
Worldwide 35.6 million people are affected by dementia and the most common of them all is Alzheimer's. When we think of Alzheimer's, we usually think of how it's a type of disease that affects the elderly. Unfortunately not many realize that Alzheimer's is affecting adults at an even younger age, this is called early-onset Alzheimer's.
Listen to this touching song below that raises awareness of early-onset Alzheimer's by Karen Morand, Dale Butler, and Bakhus Saba called "You Are Here".
Alzheimer's continues to grow costlier, and the prevalence of this tragic disease only continues to grow. Many American elders depend on Medicare for coverage of treatment they need during their golden years, but Medicare does not cover long-term care for Alzheimer's leaving family and loved ones to shoulder a care burden currently estimated to be worth over $217 billion.
This cannot continue!
You can help America's Alzheimer's patients by signing our petition demanding Medicare step up and cover 100% of long-term care for any person with Alzheimer's or other dementias whose doctor has recommended it.
The Alzheimer's Site is a place where people can come together to support those whose lives have been affected by Alzheimer's disease. In addition to sharing stories of hope and love, shopping for the cause, and signing petitions, visitors can take just a moment each day to click on the purple button to help provide care for those living with Alzheimer's disease and research for a brighter future. Visit The Alzheimer's Site and click today - it's free!


A modern Lincoln hotel near the University of Lincoln, offering parking, free WiFi and buffet breakfast included. Holiday Inn Express Lincoln City Centre hotel is steps away from the University of Lincoln and a 10-minute stroll from Lincoln High Street shopping and restaurants. Lincoln Central train station and City Bus station are both within 15 minutes' walk. This Lincoln hotel offers on-site parking and is a 75-minute drive from East Midlands Airport (EMA).