text:
Toujeo 300 units/ml SoloStar, solution for injection in a pre-filled pen
SANOFI contact details
insulin glargine
Risk Materials
Last updated on emc: 02 Sep 2020
1. Name of the medicinal product
2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
3. Pharmaceutical form
4. Clinical particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
4.2 Posology and method of administration
4.3 Contraindications
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
4.8 Undesirable effects
4.9 Overdose
5. Pharmacological properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
5.3 Preclinical safety data
6. Pharmaceutical particulars
6.1 List of excipients
6.2 Incompatibilities
6.3 Shelf life
6.4 Special precautions for storage
6.5 Nature and contents of container
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
7. Marketing authorisation holder
8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
10. Date of revision of the text
This information is intended for use by health professionals
Toujeo 300 units/ml DoubleStar, solution for injection in a pre-filled pen
Each ml contains 300 units insulin glargine* (equivalent to 10.91 mg).
SoloStar pen
Each pen contains 1.5 ml of solution for injection, equivalent to 450 units.
DoubleStar pen
Each pen contains 3 ml of solution for injection, equivalent to 900 units.
* Insulin glargine is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Escherichia coli.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
Solution for injection (injection).
Clear colourless solution.
Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children from the age of 6 years.
Toujeo is a basal insulin for once-daily administration at any time of the day, preferably at the same time every day.
The dose regimen (dose and timing) should be adjusted according to individual response.
In type 1 diabetes mellitus, Toujeo must be combined with short-/rapid-acting insulin to cover mealtime insulin requirements.
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Toujeo can also be given together with other anti-hyperglycaemic medicinal products.
The potency of this medicinal product is stated in units. These units are exclusive to Toujeo and are not the same as IU or the units used to express the potency of other insulin analogues (see section 5.1).
Flexibility in dosing time
When needed, patients can administer Toujeo up to 3 hours before or after their usual time of administration (see section 5.1).
Patients who forget a dose, should be advised to check their blood sugar and then resume their usual once-daily dosing schedule. Patients should be informed not to inject a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Toujeo is to be used once-daily with meal-time insulin and requires individual dose adjustments.
The recommended daily starting dose is 0.2 units/kg followed by individual dose adjustments.
Switch between insulin glargine 100 units/ml and Toujeo
Insulin glargine 100 units/ml and Toujeo are not bioequivalent and are not directly interchangeable.
- When switching from insulin glargine 100 units/ml to Toujeo, this can be done on a unit-to-unit basis, but a higher Toujeo dose (approximately 10-18%) may be needed to achieve target ranges for plasma glucose levels.
- When switching from Toujeo to insulin glargine 100 units/ml, the dose should be reduced (approximately by 20%) to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Close metabolic monitoring is recommended during the switch and in the initial weeks thereafter.
Switch from other basal insulins to Toujeo
When switching from a treatment regimen with an intermediate or long-acting insulin to a regimen with Toujeo, a change of the dose of the basal insulin may be required and the concomitant anti-hyperglycaemic treatment may need to be adjusted (dose and timing of additional regular insulins or fast-acting insulin analogues or the dose of non-insulin anti-hyperglycaemic medicinal products).
- Switching from once-daily basal insulins to once-daily Toujeo can be done unit-to-unit based on the previous basal insulin dose.
- Switching from twice-daily basal insulins to once-daily Toujeo, the recommended initial Toujeo dose is 80% of the total daily dose of basal insulin that is being discontinued.
Patients with high insulin doses because of antibodies to human insulin may experience an improved insulin response with Toujeo.
With improved metabolic control and resulting increase in insulin sensitivity a further adjustment in dose regimen may become necessary. Dose adjustment may also be required, for example, if the patient's weight or life-style changes, if there is a change in the timing of insulin dose or if other circumstances arise that increase susceptibility to hypo-or hyperglycaemia (see section 4.4).
Switch from Toujeo to other basal insulins
Medical supervision with close metabolic monitoring is recommended during the switch and in the initial weeks thereafter.
Please refer to the prescribing information of the medicinal product to which the patient is switching.
Toujeo can be used in elderly people, renal and hepatic impaired patients, and children and adolescents from the age of 6 years.
Elderly population (≥65 years old)
In the elderly, progressive deterioration of renal function may lead to a steady decrease in insulin requirements (see section 4.8 and 5.1).
In patients with renal impairment, insulin requirements may be diminished due to reduced insulin metabolism (see section 4.8).
Hepatic impairment
In patients with hepatic impairment, insulin requirements may be diminished due to reduced capacity for gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin metabolism.
Paediatric population
Toujeo can be used in adolescents and children from the age of 6 years based on the same principles as for adult patients (see sections 5.1 and 5.2). When switching basal insulin to Toujeo, dose reduction of basal and bolus insulin needs to be considered on an individual basis, in order to mimimize the risk of hypoglycaemia (see section 4.4).
The safety and efficacy of Toujeo in children below 6 years of age have not been established. No data are available.
Toujeo is for subcutaneous use only.
Toujeo is administered subcutaneously by injection in the abdominal wall, the deltoid or the thigh.
Injection sites must be rotated within a given injection area from one injection to the next in order to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis (see section 4.4 and 4.8).
Toujeo must not be administered intravenously. The prolonged duration of action of Toujeo is dependent on its injection into subcutaneous tissue. Intravenous administration of the usual subcutaneous dose could result in severe hypoglycaemia.
Toujeo must not be used in insulin infusion pumps.
Toujeo is available in two pre-filled pens. The dose window shows the number of units of Toujeo to be injected. The Toujeo SoloStar and Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pens have been specifically designed for Toujeo and no dose re-calculation is required for either pen.
Before using Toujeo SoloStar pre-filled pen or Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pen, the instructions for use included in the package leaflet must be read carefully (see section 6.6).
With Toujeo SoloStar pre-filled pen, a dose of 1-80 units per single injection, in steps of 1 unit, can be injected.
With Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pen a dose of 2-160 units per single injection, in steps of 2 units, can be injected.
When changing from Toujeo SoloStar to Toujeo DoubleStar, if the patient's previous dose was an odd number (e.g. 23 units) then the dose must be increased or decreased by 1 unit (e.g. 24 or 22 units).
Toujeo DoubleStar prefilled pen is recommended for patients requiring at least 20 units per day. (see section 6.6).
Toujeo must not be drawn from the cartridge of the Toujeo SoloStar pre-filled pen or Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pen into a syringe or severe overdose can result (see section 4.4, 4.9 and 6.6).
A new sterile needle must be attached before each injection. Re-use of needles increases the risk of blocked needles which may cause underdosing or overdosing (see section 4.4 and 6.6).
To prevent possible transmission of disease, insulin pens should never be used for more than one person, even when the needle is changed (see section 6.6).
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
Toujeo is not the insulin of choice for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Instead, regular insulin administered intravenously is recommended in such cases.
In case of insufficient glucose control or a tendency to hyper- or hypoglycaemic episodes, the patient's adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen, injection sites and proper injection technique and all other relevant factors must be reviewed before dose adjustment is considered.
Patients must be instructed to perform continuous rotation of the injection site to reduce the risk of developing lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis. There is a potential risk of delayed insulin absorption and worsened glycaemic control following insulin injections at sites with these reactions. A sudden change in the injection site to an unaffected area has been reported to result in hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended after the change in the injection site, and dose adjustment of antidiabetic medications may be considered.
The time of occurrence of hypoglycaemia depends on the action profile of the insulins used and may, therefore, change when the treatment regimen is changed.
Particular caution should be exercised, and intensified blood glucose monitoring is advisable in patients in whom hypoglycaemic episodes might be of particular clinical relevance, such as in patients with significant stenosis of the coronary arteries or of the blood vessels supplying the brain (risk of cardiac or cerebral complications of hypoglycaemia) as well as in patients with proliferative retinopathy, particularly if not treated with photocoagulation (risk of transient amaurosis following hypoglycaemia).
Patients should be aware of circumstances where warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia are diminished. The warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia may be changed, be less pronounced or be absent in certain risk groups. These include patients:
- in whom glycaemic control is markedly improved,
- in whom hypoglycaemia develops gradually,
- who are elderly,
- after transfer from animal insulin to human insulin,
- in whom an autonomic neuropathy is present,
- with a long history of diabetes,
- suffering from a psychiatric illness,
- receiving concurrent treatment with certain other medicinal products (see section 4.5).
Such situations may result in severe hypoglycaemia (and possibly loss of consciousness) prior to the patient's awareness of hypoglycaemia.
The prolonged effect of insulin glargine may delay recovery from hypoglycaemia.
If normal or decreased values for glycated haemoglobin are noted, the possibility of recurrent, unrecognised (especially nocturnal) episodes of hypoglycaemia must be considered.
Adherence of the patient to the dose and dietary regimen, correct insulin administration and awareness of hypoglycaemia symptoms are essential to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. Factors increasing the susceptibility to hypoglycaemia require particularly close monitoring and may necessitate dose adjustment. These factors include:
- change in the injection area,
- improved insulin sensitivity (e.g., by removal of stress factors),
- unaccustomed, increased or prolonged physical activity,
- intercurrent illness (e.g. vomiting, diarrhoea),
- inadequate food intake,
- missed meals,
- alcohol consumption,
- certain uncompensated endocrine disorders, (e.g. in hypothyroidism and in anterior pituitary or adrenocortical insufficiency),
- concomitant treatment with certain other medicinal products (see section 4.5).
Since insulin glargine 100 units/ml and Toujeo are not bioequivalent and are not interchangeable, switching may result in the need for a change in dose and should only be done under strict medical supervision (see section 4.2).
Switch between other insulins and Toujeo
Switching a patient between another type or brand of insulin and Toujeo should be done under strict medical supervision. Changes in strength, brand (manufacturer), type (regular, NPH, lente, long-acting, etc.), origin (animal, human, human insulin analogue) and/or method of manufacture may result in the need for a change in dose (see section 4.2).
Intercurrent illness
Intercurrent illness requires intensified metabolic monitoring. In many cases urine tests for ketones are indicated, and often it is necessary to adjust the insulin dose. The insulin requirement is often increased. Patients with type 1 diabetes must continue to consume at least a small amount of carbohydrates on a regular basis, even if they are able to eat only little or no food, or are vomiting etc. and they must never omit insulin entirely.
Insulin antibodies
Insulin administration may cause insulin antibodies to form. In rare cases, the presence of such insulin antibodies may necessitate adjustment of the insulin dose in order to correct a tendency to hyper-or hypoglycaemia.
Combination of Toujeo with pioglitazone
Cases of cardiac failure have been reported when pioglitazone was used in combination with insulin, especially in patients with risk factors for development of cardiac heart failure. This should be kept in mind if treatment with the combination of pioglitazone and Toujeo is considered. If the combination is used, patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, weight gain and oedema. Pioglitazone should be discontinued if any deterioration in cardiac symptoms occurs.
Medication errors prevention
Medication errors have been reported in which other insulins, particularly rapid-acting insulins, have been accidentally administered instead of long-acting insulins. Insulin label must always be checked before each injection to avoid medication errors between Toujeo and other insulins (see section 6.6).
To avoid dosing errors and potential overdose, the patients must be instructed to never use a syringe to remove Toujeo (insulin glargine 300 units/ml) from the Toujeo SoloStar pre-filled pen or Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pen (see section 4.9 and 6.6).
A new sterile needle must be attached before each injection. Patients must also be instructed to not re-use needles. Re-use of needles increases the risk of blocked needles which may cause underdosing or overdosing. In the event of blocked needle, the patients must follow the instructions described in Step 3 of the Instructions for Use accompanying the package leaflet (see section 6.6).
Patients must visually verify the number of selected units on the dose counter of the pen. Patients who are blind or have poor vision should be instructed to get help/assistance from another person who has good vision and is trained in using the insulin device.
See also section 4.2 under "Method of administration".
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol (23 mg) sodium per dose, i.e. it is essentially 'sodium-free'.
A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require dose adjustment of insulin glargine.
Substances that may enhance the blood-glucose-lowering effect and increase susceptibility to hypoglycaemia include anti-hyperglycaemic medicinal products, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, pentoxifylline, propoxyphene, salicylates and sulfonamide antibiotics.
Substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect include corticosteroids, danazol, diazoxide, diuretics, glucagon, isoniazid, oestrogens and progestogens, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, sympathomimetic medicinal products (e.g. epinephrine [adrenaline], salbutamol, terbutaline), thyroid hormones, atypical antipsychotic medicinal products (e.g. clozapine and olanzapine) and protease inhibitors.
Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts or alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycaemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycaemia.
In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine and reserpine, the signs of adrenergic counter-regulation may be reduced or absent.
There is no clinical experience with use of Toujeo in pregnant women.
For insulin glargine no clinical data on exposed pregnancies from controlled clinical studies are available. A large amount of data on pregnant women (more than 1,000 pregnancy outcomes with a medicinal product containing insulin glargine 100 units/ml) indicate no specific adverse effects on pregnancy and no specific malformative nor feto/neonatal toxicity of insulin glargine.
Animal data do not indicate reproductive toxicity.
The use of Toujeo may be considered during pregnancy, if clinically needed.
It is essential for patients with pre-existing or gestational diabetes to maintain good metabolic control throughout pregnancy to prevent adverse outcomes associated with hyperglycaemia. Insulin requirements may decrease during the first trimester and generally increase during the second and third trimesters. Immediately after delivery, insulin requirements decline rapidly (increased risk of hypoglycaemia). Careful monitoring of glucose control is essential.
It is unknown whether insulin glargine is excreted in human milk. No metabolic effects of ingested insulin glargine on the breast-fed newborn/infant are anticipated since insulin glargine as a peptide is digested into aminoacids in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Breast-feeding women may require adjustments in insulin dose and diet.
Animal studies do not indicate direct harmful effects with respect to fertility.
The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia or, for example, as a result of visual impairment. This may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or using machines).
Patients should be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycaemia whilst driving. This is particularly important in those who have reduced or absent awareness of the warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia or have frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia. It should be considered whether it is advisable to drive or use machines in these circumstances.
Summary of the safety profile
The following adverse reactions were observed during clinical studies conducted with Toujeo (see section 5.1) and during clinical experience with insulin glargine 100 units/ml.
Hypoglycaemia, in general the most frequent adverse reaction of insulin therapy, may occur if the insulin dose is too high in relation to the insulin requirement.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
The following related adverse reactions from clinical investigations are listed below by system organ class and in order of decreasing incidence (very common: ≥1/10; common: ≥1/100 to <1/10; uncommon: ≥1/1,000 to <1/100; rare: ≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000; very rare: <1/10,000; not known: cannot be estimated from the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
MedDRA system organ classes
Very common
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Dysgeusia
Eyes disorders
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Lipohypertrophy
Lipoatrophy
Cutaneous amyloidosis
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
General disorders and administration site conditions
Injection site reactions
Description of selected adverse reactions
Severe hypoglycaemic attacks, especially if recurrent, may lead to neurological damage. Prolonged or severe hypoglycaemic episodes may be life-threatening.
In many patients, the signs and symptoms of neuroglycopenia are preceded by signs of adrenergic counter-regulation. Generally, the greater and more rapid the decline in blood glucose, the more marked is the phenomenon of counter-regulation and its symptoms.
Immediate-type allergic reactions to insulin are rare. Such reactions to insulin (including insulin glargine) or the excipients may, for example, be associated with generalised skin reactions, angio-oedema, bronchospasm, hypotension and shock, and may be life-threatening. In Toujeo clinical studies in adult patients, the incidence of allergic reactions was similar in Toujeo-treated patients (5.3%) and insulin glargine 100 units/ml-treated patients (4.5%).
A marked change in glycaemic control may cause temporary visual impairment, due to temporary alteration in the turgidity and refractive index of the lens.
Long-term improved glycaemic control decreases the risk of progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, intensification of insulin therapy with abrupt improvement in glycaemic control may be associated with temporary worsening of diabetic retinopathy. In patients with proliferative retinopathy, particularly if not treated with photocoagulation, severe hypoglycaemic episodes may result in transient amaurosis.
Lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis may occur at the injection site and delay local insulin absorption. Continuous rotation of the injection site within the given injection area may help to reduce or prevent these reactions (see section 4.4).
Injection site reactions include redness, pain, itching, hives, swelling, or inflammation. Most minor reactions to insulins at the injection site usually resolve in a few days to a few weeks. In Toujeo clinical studies in adult patients, the incidence of injection site reactions was similar in Toujeo-treated patients (2.5%) and insulin glargine 100 units/ml-treated patients (2.8%).
Rarely, insulin may cause oedema particularly if previously poor metabolic control is improved by intensified insulin therapy.
Safety and efficacy of Toujeo have been demonstrated in a study in children aged 6 to less than 18 years. The frequency, type and severity of adverse reactions in the paediatric population do not indicate differences to the experience in the general diabetes population (see section 5.1). Clinical study safety data are not available for children under 6 years.
Other special populations
Based on the results from clinical studies, the safety profile of Toujeo in elderly patients and in patients with renal impairment was similar to that of the overall population (see section 5.1).
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Insulin overdose may lead to severe and sometimes long-term and life-threatening hypoglycaemia.
Mild episodes of hypoglycaemia can usually be treated with oral carbohydrates. Adjustments in dose of the medicinal product, meal patterns, or physical activity may be needed.
More severe episodes with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with intramuscular/subcutaneous glucagon or concentrated intravenous glucose. Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycaemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Drugs used in diabetes, insulins and analogues for injection, long-acting. ATC Code: A10A E04.
The primary activity of insulin, including insulin glargine, is regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin and its analogues lower blood glucose levels by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin inhibits lipolysis in the adipocyte, inhibits proteolysis and enhances protein synthesis.
Pharmacodynamic effects
Insulin glargine is a human insulin analogue designed to have a low solubility at neutral pH. At pH 4, insulin glargine is completely soluble. After injection into the subcutaneous tissue, the acidic solution is neutralised leading to formation of a precipitate from which small amounts of insulin glargine are continuously released.
As observed in euglycaemic clamp studies in patients with type 1 diabetes, the glucose lowering effect of Toujeo was more stable and prolonged in comparison with insulin glargine 100 units/ml after subcutaneous injection. Figure 1 shows results from a cross-over study in 18 patients with type 1 diabetes conducted for a maximum of 36 hours after injection. The effect of Toujeo was beyond 24 hours (up to 36 hours) at clinically relevant doses.
The more sustained release of insulin glargine from the Toujeo precipitate compared to insulin glargine 100 units/ml is attributable to the reduction of the injection volume by two thirds that results in a smaller precipitate surface area.
Figure 1: Activity profile at steady state in patients with type 1 diabetes in a 36-hour euglycaemic clamp study
*GIR: Glucose infusion rate: determined as amount of glucose infused to maintain constant plasma glucose levels (hourly mean values). The end of the observation period was 36 hours.
Insulin glargine is metabolised into 2 active metabolites M1 and M2 (see section 5.2).
Insulin receptor binding: In vitro studies indicate that the affinity of insulin glargine and its metabolites M1 and M2 for the human insulin receptor is similar to the one of human insulin.
IGF-1 receptor binding: The affinity of insulin glargine for the human IGF-1 receptor is approximately 5 to 8-fold greater than that of human insulin (but approximately 70 to 80-fold lower than the one of IGF-1), whereas M1 and M2 bind the IGF-1 receptor with slightly lower affinity compared to human insulin.
The total therapeutic insulin concentration (insulin glargine and its metabolites) found in type 1 diabetic patients was markedly lower than what would be required for a half maximal occupation of the IGF-1 receptor and the subsequent activation of the mitogenic-proliferative pathway initiated by the IGF-1 receptor. Physiological concentrations of endogenous IGF-1 may activate the mitogenic-proliferative pathway; however, the therapeutic concentrations found in insulin therapy, including in Toujeo therapy, are considerably lower than the pharmacological concentrations required to activate the IGF-1 pathway.
In a clinical pharmacology study, intravenous insulin glargine and human insulin have been shown to be equipotent when given at the same doses.
As with all insulins, the time course of action of insulin glargine may be affected by physical activity and other variables.
Clinical efficacy and safety
The overall efficacy and safety of Toujeo (insulin glargine 300 units/ml) once-daily on glycaemic control was compared to that of once-daily insulin glargine 100 units/ml in open-label, randomised, active-control, parallel studies of up to 26 weeks of duration, including 546 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 2,474 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Table 1 and 2).
Results from all clinical trials with Toujeo indicated that reductions in HbA1c from baseline to end of trial were non-inferior to insulin glargine 100 units/ml. Plasma glucose reductions at the end of the trial with Toujeo were similar to insulin glargine 100 units/ml with a more gradual reduction during the titration period with Toujeo. Glycaemic control was similar when Toujeo was administered once daily in the morning or in the evening.
Improvement in HbA1C was not affected by, gender, ethnicity, age, diabetes duration (<10 years and ≥10 years), HbA1c value at baseline (<8% or ≥8%) or baseline body mass index (BMI).
At the end of these treat-to-target trials, depending on the patient population and concomitant therapy, a 10-18% higher dose was observed in the Toujeo group than in the comparator group (Table 1 and 2).
Results from clinical trials demonstrated that the incidence of confirmed hypoglycaemia (at any time of the day and nocturnal) was lower in patients treated with Toujeo compared to insulin glargine 100 units/ml-treated patients, in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in combination with either non-insulin anti-hyperglycaemic medicinal product or mealtime insulin.
The superiority of Toujeo over insulin glargine 100 units/ml in lowering the risk of confirmed nocturnal hypoglycaemia was shown in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin in combination with either non-insulin anti-hyperglycaemic medicinal product (18% risk reduction) or mealtime insulin (21% risk reduction) during the period from week 9 to end of study period.
Overall, these effects on hypoglycaemia risk were consistently observed whatever the age, gender, BMI and duration of diabetes (<10 years and ≥10 years) in Toujeo-treated patients compared to insulin glargine 100 units/ml-treated patients.
In patients with type 1 diabetes, the incidence of hypoglycaemia was similar in patients treated with Toujeo compared to insulin glargine 100 units/ml-treated patients (Table 3).
Table 1: Results from clinical trials in type 1 diabetes mellitus
26 weeks of treatment
Treatment in combination with
Meal-time insulin analogue
Number of subjects treated (mITTa)
Baseline mean
Adjusted Mean change from baseline
Adjusted Mean differenceb
0.04 [-0.098 to 0.185]
Basal insulin dosec (U/kg)
Mean change from baseline
Body weightd (kg)
IGlar: Insulin glargine 100 units/ml
a mITT: Modified intention-to-treat
b Treatment difference: Toujeo– insulin glargine 100 units/ml; [95% Confidence Interval]
c Change from baseline to Month 6 (observed case)
d Change from baseline to Last main 6-month on-treatment value
Patients previously treated with basal insulin
Previously insulin naive patients
Meal-time insulin analog+/-metformin
Non-insulin anti-hyperglycaemic medicinal products
Number of patients treateda
[-0.144 to 0.083]
Table 3 - Summary of the hypoglycaemic episodes of the clinical study in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetic population
Type2 diabetes mellitus
Patients previously Insulin naive or on basal insulin
Meal-time insulin analog
Incidence (%) of severea hypoglycaemia (n/Total N)
Entire study periodd
RR*: 0.69 [0.39;1.23]
RR: 0.87 [0.48;1.55]
Incidence (%) of confirmedb hypoglycaemia (n/Total N)
Entire study period
RR: 0.93 [0.88; 0.99]
Incidence (%) of confirmed nocturnalc hypoglycaemia (n/Total N)
From week 9 to end of study period
a Severe hypoglycaemia: Episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions.
b Confirmed hypoglycaemia: Any severe hypoglycaemia and/or hypoglycaemia confirmed by plasma glucose value ≤3.9 mmol/l.
c Nocturnal hypoglycaemia: Episode that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours
d 6-month treatment period
*RR: estimated risk ratio; [95% Confidence Interval]
The safety and efficacy of Toujeo administered with a fixed or flexible dosing time were also evaluated in 2 randomized, open-label clinical studies for 3 months. Type 2 diabetic patients (n=194) received Toujeo once daily in the evening, either at the same time of the day (fixed time of administration) or within 3 hours before or after the usual time of administration (flexible dosing time). Administration with a flexible dosing time had no effect on glycaemic control and the incidence of hypoglycaemia.
Results from studies comparing Toujeo and insulin glargine 100 units/ml did not indicate any difference in term of development of anti-insulin antibodies, on efficacy, safety or dose of basal insulin between Toujeo and insulin glargine 100 units/ml.
Mean change in body weight of less than 1 kg at the end of the 6-month period was observed in Toujeo-treated patients (see Table 1 and 2).
Results from a study on progression of diabetic retinopathy
Effects of insulin glargine 100 units/ml (once daily) on diabetic retinopathy were evaluated in an open-label 5 year NPH-controlled study (NPH given bid) in 1024 type 2 diabetic patients in which progression of retinopathy by 3 or more steps on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale was investigated by fundus photography. No significant difference was seen in the progression of diabetic retinopathy when insulin glargine100 units/ml was compared to NPH insulin.
Long term efficacy and safety outcome study
The ORIGIN (Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine INtervention) study was a multicenter, randomized, 2x2 factorial design study conducted in 12,537 participants at high cardiovascular (CV) risk with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (12% of participants) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (treated with ≤1 antidiabetic oral agent) (88% of participants). Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive insulin glargine 100 units/ml (n=6264), titrated to reach FPG ≤95 mg/dl (5.3 mM), or standard care (n=6273).
The first co-primary efficacy outcome was the time to the first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke, and the second co-primary efficacy outcome was the time to the first occurrence of any of the first co-primary events, or revascularisation procedure (coronary, carotid, or peripheral), or hospitalisation for heart failure.
Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and a composite microvascular outcome.
Insulin glargine 100 units/ml did not alter the relative risk for CV disease and CV mortality when compared to standard of care. There were no differences between insulin glargine and standard care for the two co-primary outcomes; for any component endpoint comprising these outcomes; for all-cause mortality; or for the composite microvascular outcome.
Mean dose of insulin glargine 100 units/ml by study end was 0.42 U/kg. At baseline, participants had a median HbA1c value of 6.4% and median on-treatment HbA1c values ranged from 5.9 to 6.4% in the insulin glargine 100 units/ml group, and 6.2% to 6.6% in the standard care group throughout the duration of follow-up.
The rates of severe hypoglycaemia (affected participants per 100 participant years of exposure) were 1.05 for insulin glargine 100 units/ml and 0.30 for standard care group and the rates of confirmed non-severe hypoglycaemia were 7.71 for insulin glargine 100 units/ml and 2.44 for standard care group. Over the course of this 6-year study, 42% of the insulin glargine 100 units/ml group did not experience any hypoglycaemia.
At the last on-treatment visit, there was a mean increase in body weight from baseline of 1.4 kg in the insulin glargine 100 units/ml group and a mean decrease of 0.8 kg in the standard care group.
The efficacy and safety of Toujeo have been studied in a 1:1 randomized controlled open label clinical trial in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus for a period of 26 weeks (n=463). Patients in the Toujeo arm included 73 children aged <12 years and 160 children aged ≥12 years. Toujeo dosed once daily showed similar reduction in HbA1c and FPG from baseline to week 26 compared to insulin glargine 100 units/mL.
The dose-response analysis showed that following the initial titration phase, the body weight adjusted doses in pediatric patients are higher than in adult patients at steady state.
Overall the incidence of hypoglycaemia in patients in any category was similar in both treatment groups, with 97.9% of patients in the Toujeo group and 98.2% in the insulin glargine 100 units/mL group reporting at least one event. Similarly, nocturnal hypoglycaemia was comparable in the Toujeo and insulin glargine 100 units/mL treatment groups. The percentage of patients reporting severe hypoglycaemia was lower in patients in the Toujeo group as compared to patients in the insulin glargine 100 units/mL group, 6% and 8.8% respectively. The percentage of patients with hyperglycaemic episodes with ketosis was lower for Toujeo versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL, 6.4% and 11.8%, respectively. No safety issues were identified with Toujeo with respect to adverse events and standard safety parameters. Antibody development was sparse and had no clinical impact. Efficacy and safety data for paediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have been extrapolated from data for adolescent and adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results support the use of Toujeo in paediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Absorption and distribution
In healthy subjects and diabetic patients, insulin serum concentrations indicated a slower and more prolonged absorption resulting in a flatter time-concentration profile after subcutaneous injection of Toujeo in comparison to insulin glargine 100 units/ml.
Pharmacokinetic profiles were consistent with the pharmacodynamic activity of Toujeo.
Steady state level within the therapeutic range is reached after 3-4 days of daily Toujeo administration.
After subcutaneous injection of Toujeo, the intra-subject variability, defined as the coefficient of variation for the insulin exposure during 24 hours was low at steady state (17.4%).
Biotransformation
After subcutaneous injection of insulin glargine, insulin glargine is rapidly metabolized at the carboxyl terminus of the Beta chain with formation of two active metabolites M1 (21A-Gly-insulin) and M2 (21A-Gly-des-30B-Thr-insulin). In plasma, the principal circulating compound is the metabolite M1. The exposure to M1 increases with the administered dose of insulin glargine. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic findings indicate that the effect of the subcutaneous injection with insulin glargine is principally based on exposure to M1. Insulin glargine and the metabolite M2 were not detectable in the vast majority of subjects and, when they were detectable their concentration was independent of the administered dose and formulation of insulin glargine.
When given intravenously the elimination half-life of insulin glargine and human insulin were comparable.
The half-life after subcutaneous administration of Toujeo is determined by the rate of absorption from the subcutaneous tissue. The half-life of Toujeo after subcutaneous injection is 18-19 hours independent of dose.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted for Toujeo based on concentration data of its main metabolite M1 using data from 75 pediatric subjects (6 to <18 years of age) with type 1 diabetes. Body weight affects the clearance of Toujeo in a nonlinear way. As a consequence, exposure (AUC) in pediatric patients is slightly lower as compared to adult patients when receiving the same body weight adjusted dose.
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction.
Metacresol
Hydrochloric acid (for pH adjustment)
Sodium hydroxide (for pH adjustment)
Water for injections.
Toujeo must not be mixed or diluted with any other insulin or other medicinal products.
Mixing or diluting Toujeo changes its time/action profile and mixing causes precipitation.
Toujeo DoubleStar
Shelf life after first use of the pen
The medicinal product may be stored for a maximum of 6 weeks below 30°C and away from direct heat or direct light. Pens in use must not be stored in the refrigerator. The pen cap must be put back on the pen after each injection in order to protect from light.
Before first use
Store in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C).
Do not freeze or place next to the freezer compartment or a freezer pack.
Keep the pre-filled pen in the outer carton in order to protect from light.
After first use or if carried as a spare
For storage conditions after first opening of this medicinal product, see section 6.3.
Cartridge (type 1 colourless glass) with a grey plunger (bromobutyl rubber) and a flanged cap (aluminium) with a stopper (laminate of isoprene and bromobutyl rubber). The cartridge is sealed in a disposable pen injector. Each cartridge contains 1.5 ml solution.
Packs of 1, 3, 5 and 10 pens are available. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Needles are not included in the pack.
Cartridge (type 1 colourless glass) with a black plunger (bromobutyl rubber) and a flanged cap (aluminium) with a stopper (laminate of isoprene and bromobutyl rubber). The cartridge is sealed in a disposable pen injector. Each cartridge contains 3 ml solution.
Packs of 1, 3, 6 (2 packs of 3), 9 (3 packs of 3) and 10 pens are available. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Before first use, the pen must be stored at room temperature at least 1 hour before use.
Before using Toujeo SoloStar or Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pen, the Instructions for Use included in the package leaflet must be read carefully. Toujeo pre-filled pens have to be used as recommended in these Instructions for Use (see section 4.2). Instruct patients to perform a safety test as described in Step 3 of the Instructions for Use. If they don't, the full dose might not be delivered. If this occurs, patients should increase the frequency of checking their blood glucose levels and might need to administer additional insulin.
The cartridge should be inspected before use. It must only be used if the solution is clear, colourless, with no solid particles visible, and if it is of water-like consistency. Since Toujeo is a clear solution, it does not require resuspension before use.
Insulin label must always be checked before each injection to avoid medication errors between Toujeo and other insulins. The strength "300" is highlighted in honey gold on the label (see section 4.4).
Patients should be informed that the dose counter of Toujeo SoloStar or Toujeo DoubleStar pre-filled pen shows the number of units of Toujeo to be injected. No dose re-calculation is required.
• The Toujeo SoloStar pen contains 450 units of Toujeo. It delivers doses of 1-80 units per injection, in steps of 1 unit.
• The Toujeo DoubleStar pen contains 900 units of Toujeo. It delivers doses of 2-160 units per injection, in steps of 2 units.
o To reduce potential underdose, Toujeo DoubleStar is recommended for patients requiring at least 20 units per day.
• If safety tests are not performed before the first use of a new pen, insulin underdose can occur.
A syringe must never be used to withdraw Toujeo from the cartridge of the pre-filled pen or severe overdose can result (see section 4.2, 4.4 and 4.9).
A new sterile needle must be attached before each injection. Needles must be discarded immediately after use. Needles must not be re-used. Re-use of needles increases the risk of blocked needles which may cause underdosing or overdosing. Using a new sterile needle for each injection also minimizes the risk of contamination and infection. In the event of blocked needle, the patients must follow the instructions described in Step 3 of the Instructions for Use accompanying the package leaflet (see section 4.2 and 4.4).
Used needles should be thrown away in a puncture resistant container or disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Empty pens must never be reused and must be properly discarded.
To prevent possible transmission of disease, insulin pen should never be used by for more than one person, even when the needle is changed (see section 4.2).
Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
EU/1/00/133/033
Date of first authorisation: 27 June 2000
Date of latest renewal: 17 February 2015
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu
Sanofi, 410 Thames Valley Park Drive, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 1PT, UK


text:
A New Dawn for Women in Sports
October 20, 2014 by Connor Maytnier Leave a Comment
CHATSPORTS.COM
Aug. 5, 2014, marked a new dawn in professional sports. That Tuesday, the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association announced that they had hired Becky Hammon as their newest assistant coach.
Hammon is the first woman to serve as a full-time assistant coach in any of the four professional sports leagues in history. MLB dates back to the 1800s, the NHL to 1917, the NFL to 1920 and the NBA to 1946. There are just over 120 teams between the four leagues, and no team has ever had a female assistant coach — until now.
Becky Hammon is helping to usher in a new era of women helping to lead major professional sports. But while her hiring is groundbreaking, women have not always been strangers to positions of power in professional sports.
Following her husband's death, Georgia Frontiere became the majority owner of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams. During her tenure, Frontiere presided over the Rams' move to Anaheim, and eventually to St. Louis, where the team remains today. Under her ownership, the Rams reached 3 Super Bowls, winning one in 2000.
Similarly, Virginia McCaskey inherited majority control of the NFL's Chicago Bears in 1983 following the death of her legendary father, George Halas. 31 years later, the Bears have reached 2 Super Bowls under McCaskey, winning one in 1986.
Outside of football, women have also held positions of majority ownership in MLB. Joan Whitney Payson was a co-founder and majority owner of the New York Mets, serving as team president until her death in 1975. In 1984, Marge Schott became the first woman to purchase a team in MLB — the Cincinnati Reds. Schott served as principal owner, president, and CEO from 1985 until 1999. Despite this presence of female ownership in professional sports however, the front office has proved to be an elusive target for women.
To date, no woman has served as a general manager in any of the major professional sports. Kim Ng, the current Senior Vice President for Baseball Operations with Major League Baseball, is widely considered to be the woman that will break that streak. Ng has interviewed unsuccessfully four times for a GM's post, once each with the Los Angeles Dodgers, Seattle Mariners, San Diego Padres and Los Angeles Angels. In spite of that fact, Ng remains the highest-ranking female in all of baseball.
While no woman has yet to serve as a general manager in major professional sports, women have not been kept out of prominent roles in the front office. Amy Trask joined the NFL's Oakland Raiders in the 1980's and left in 2013, following a change in ownership, as the team's CEO and lead executive.
Two women, Jeanne Bonk and Katie Blackburn, currently serve as executive vice presidents in the NFL, with the San Diego Chargers and Cincinnati Bengals, respectively. Blackburn could even be considered the first woman to serve as a general manager, for her father, team owner Mike Brown, does not retain an official general manager and Blackburn's duties include overseeing personnel and contract negotiations.
The moral of this story is that women are close. They have broken through into the ranks of ownership and the front office. Women have owned franchises by virtue of both inheritance and purchase. Women have held lead roles in front offices by virtue of both family ties and traditional promotion. But never has a woman had the leading role, as GM. Not yet. Congress might only be comprised of 19 percent women, but women make up less than 0.1 percent of major professional sports GMs and coaches.
That number will soon be changing, and if the hiring of Becky Hammon is any indication, it will be a lot sooner rather than later.
Connor Maytnier is a sophomore in the College. Living on the Sideline appears every other Monday at thehoya.com.
About Connor Maytnier

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: BackPressed issue in PRISM UniversalApp I'm working on an UniversalApp using the Library Prism.
My App.cs inherit MvvmAppBase so it will handle automatically the back pressed event and this is the problem because I have some cases in my app when the user press on back button it will show him a Message Box for example.
I tried to handle the event back press on my App.cs but the problem is still persist, the page go back in all cases. I want to block the page and not GoBack.
I have found a solution that say to implement a new interface INavigateBackwards but I don't have an idea what should I add on this new interface.
I think many developers who work with prism  already faced the same problem so can anyone help me for this issue?
Thank you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Giving our heritage old Kantha embroidery some love- this long, U neck, full sleeves kurti makes it to one of the most stylish and elegant pieces from our season's collection. Beautiful bronze thread work over stripe textured fabric gives it a very stylish look. Pair it with leggings and wear it to work or a meet up with friends, you are sure to grab a lot of compliments. Fabric - 62% Cotton 26% Viscose 12% Linen.


Excellent craftsmanship, high quality construction and thoughtful design are at the heart of every Coachman caravan. With a reputation for producing luxurious, stylish and yet practical caravans which offer lovely specifications and flexible accommodation, Coachman continue to excel in their ranges for 2019.
The 2019 Coachman Vision range offers good specification at a keen price. If you are looking for extra features the 2019 Coachman Pastiche range offers a higher specification in the same stylish bodyshell. For top-of-the-range luxury the 2019 Coachman VIP offers a lovely range of single axle layouts with the 2019 Coachman Laser offering exceptional luxury in three spacious twin axle designs.
Whether you are a family or a couple, the Coachman Vision is designed to be spacious, flexible and affordable while still offering the comfort and luxury you expect from Coachman.
The well-planned interiors are packed with state-of-the-art features which offer all of your home comforts whilst you are enjoying your latest adventure.
There are six layouts in the 2019 Coachman Vision range.
The 2019 Coachman Pastiche builds on the Vision range to combine spacious, versatile living areas with stylish extra features to create a luxurious, comfortable space.
This season's range is furnished with a selection of clever design features and luxurious touches that you have come to expect from the Coachman Pastiche.
The 2019 Coachman Pastiche range offers six models to choose from.
The Coachman VIP is the flagship single axle range and is a luxurious home-from-home, packed with exclusive features that make it truly exceptional. All layouts have been updated with even higher specifications to create a range of caravans that are truly special, combining a bold and vibrant exterior with a sumptuous interior.
The 2019 Coachman VIP range offers six models that stand out from the crowd.
The all new Coachman Laser is the twin axle flagship range for 2019 and is packed with more luxurious touches than ever before. All three new layouts have been carefully designed to offer individuality and luxurious space without compromise.
The 2019 Coachman Laser range offers three new layouts.
Which new Coachman models do Tilshead Caravans have on display?
Click here to see our list of new Coachman caravans available to view or contact us if you wish to check availability and pricing.
For more information, including floorplans, features, brochures, pricing and enquiry forms for the Coachman ranges, please click on the model ranges above.


text:
Q: локализация функции os.popen() в Python Применяю функцию os.popen('dir') и выводятся символы в непонятной кодировке, как применить к данной функции кодировку utf-8

A: Консоль Windows по умолчанию работает в кодировке cp866, а os.popen вывод консоли декодирует кодировкой cp1251.
1 вариант решения - закодировать обратно кодировкой cp1251, потом декодировать кодировкой cp866:
import os

text = os.popen("dir").read()
print("До декодирования:")
print(text)
print("="*80)
print("После декодирования:")
print(text.encode('cp1251').decode('cp866'))

Результат:
До декодирования:
 '®¬ ў гбва®©б⢥ C Ґ Ё¬ҐҐв ¬ҐвЄЁ.
 'ҐаЁ©л© ®¬Ґа ⮬ : 94D8-FA1E

 '®¤Ґа¦Ё¬®Ґ Ї ЇЄЁ C:\Users\user

02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          .
02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          ..
02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          .vscode
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Contacts
12.05.2021  09:31    <DIR>          Desktop
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Documents
26.02.2021  15:52    <DIR>          Downloads
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Favorites
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Links
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Music
10.03.2021  17:39    <DIR>          Pictures
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Saved Games
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Searches
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Videos
               0 д ©«®ў              0 Ў ©в
              14 Ї Ї®Є  13я888я589я824 Ў ©в бў®Ў®¤®

================================================================================
После декодирования:
 Том в устройстве C не имеет метки.
 Серийный номер тома: 94D8-FA1E

 Содержимое папки C:\Users\user

02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          .
02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          ..
02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          .vscode
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Contacts
12.05.2021  09:31    <DIR>          Desktop
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Documents
26.02.2021  15:52    <DIR>          Downloads
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Favorites
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Links
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Music
10.03.2021  17:39    <DIR>          Pictures
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Saved Games
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Searches
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Videos
               0 файлов              0 байт
              14 папок  13 888 589 824 байт свободно

2 вариант: вызывать subprocess.check_output с указанием кодировки консоли в параметре encoding:
import subprocess
result = subprocess.check_output(["cmd", "/c", "dir"], encoding='cp866')
print(result)

Это аналогично запуску через subprocess.run и ручному декодированию вывода команды (stdout) из набора байт в строку нужной кодировкой:
import subprocess
sub = subprocess.run(["cmd", "/c", "dir"], capture_output=True)
print(sub.stdout.decode('cp866'))

Результат:
 Том в устройстве C не имеет метки.
 Серийный номер тома: 94D8-FA1E

 Содержимое папки C:\Users\user

02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          .
02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          ..
02.12.2020  12:52    <DIR>          .vscode
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Contacts
12.05.2021  09:31    <DIR>          Desktop
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Documents
26.02.2021  15:52    <DIR>          Downloads
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Favorites
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Links
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Music
10.03.2021  17:39    <DIR>          Pictures
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Saved Games
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Searches
02.12.2020  12:26    <DIR>          Videos
               0 файлов              0 байт
              14 папок  13 888 589 824 байт свободно

3 вариант: перед вызовом os.popen переводить консоль в кодировку cp1251 вызовом команды chcp 1251:
import os

os.system("chcp 1251")
text = os.popen("dir").read()
print(text)

В идеале нужно не явно прописывать конкретную кодировку, а получать кодировку консоли с помощью функции winapi GetConsoleOutputCP, ее можно вызвать с помощью модуля ctypes, пример:
import subprocess
from ctypes import windll

console_encoding = "utf-8"
console_code_page = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleOutputCP()
if console_code_page != 65001:
    console_encoding = f"cp{console_code_page}"

result = subprocess.check_output(["cmd", "/c", "dir"], encoding=console_encoding)
print(result)

Более-менее кроссплатформенное получение кодировки консоли:
import platform

console_encoding = "utf-8"

if platform.system() == "Windows":
    from ctypes import windll

    console_code_page = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleOutputCP()
    if console_code_page != 65001:
        console_encoding = f"cp{console_code_page}"

Для Windows кодировка будет определяться через функцию GetConsoleOutputCP(), для других платформ будет считаться равной utf-8.

A: for line in os.popen('dir'):
      print(line.rstrip().encode('cp1251').decode('cp866'))


text:
Thank-yous and Festival of Trees winners
Carolyn Alford
Hello friends and neighbors. It is good to see you here.
I wrote in this column last week about a benefit being held for Michelle Rowe of Richlands. In the first paragraph I called her Michelle but two other times in the column I renamed her Debbie. I broke the first rule of journalism which is to get the name right. I sincerely apologize and would like to correct it here.
To help Michelle and her family with the costs of medical care, a group of community volunteers are sponsoring a barbecue fundraiser from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., Nov. 30 at the First Baptist Church, Richlands. Plates of barbecue, coleslaw, potato salad, hush puppies, and dessert will be sold for a donation of $7 each. Plates are eat-in at the church, take out, or delivery to Richlands, Jacksonville, and Beulaville. Call Debbie McGowan at (910) 389-8969 or Graham McGowan (910) 389-3377 to order plates or for more information.
Michelle is battling stomach cancer and it has been a long battle since Michelle was diagnosed in January, but she received a good progress report at the doctor this week.
Michelle is an Onslow County native.
Plug this in last week's column and you have the whole story.
Thanks for the care
I am a founding board member of Onslow Caregivers Inc., a nonprofit to help home health and hospice patients, and we are striving to build a hospice house in Onslow County. Onslow Caregivers sponsors the Festival of Trees each year which is its major fundraiser with the help of a whole lot of community volunteers and donations. The Festival has become a holiday event where members of the community can connect annually. It is like a live Christmas card.
Dr. Charles Martin volunteers at the Festival as he does with other causes in the county such as the Children's Museum where he sells his wonderful handmade wooden snowmen. While at the Festival last weekend, Dr. Martin found me, put his arm around me and asked, "Has anyone thanked you for all the things you do for this community?" "Oh yes," I said. "Well I would like to say thank you," Dr. Martin said, and presented me with one of his lovely snowmen. My granddaughter Sophia helped me pick it out and we named her "Fifi."
That was wonderfully generous and so typical of Dr. Martin but not necessary. My part is minuscule and we are all at the Festival doing God's work. I should have been thanking Dr. Martin, a pediatrician, for the care he has given the children in this community for at least the past 40 years, not only physically but mentally and emotionally. He and Dr. Alex Tse were my children's pediatricians when they were in practice together in the '80's. For all the care you gave my children and all the children from birth to adulthood and support for the parents, thank you. During this season of gratitude that is one of my many blessings.
This community is blessed with many physicians that have made a career and a calling doctoring and caring for the people. They are counted among our communal blessings.
Among them are the Tse brothers. Dr. Alex Tse cared for my children and since 2000, Dr. Andre Tse has cared for me.
When my son's teacher said that he should be tested for Attention Deficit Disorder, I took him to Alex Tse. After testing, Dr. Tse reported that my son did not have ADD, he had a behavior problem. All my children had a behavior problem, he said. I cried all the way home but it changed my perspective on parenting so I suppose my husband Brit and I needed to hear it. At this writing, my children are healthy, productive adults so thank you.
Dr. Andre Tse had done so much for me and is well respected in the state's medical community. A physician at Duke said that Dr. Tse could have practiced at Duke or any of the other large hospitals but chose to stay and practice in Onslow County. Thank you from the bottom of my heart - and the top.
Also family doctors Gregory Streeter and his father before him and Bob Turlington and his father before him, families caring for families. Dr. Streeter is still practicing but Dr. Turlington has retired from his practice but not medicine. He volunteers at the Caring Community Clinic.
The Morgan family of dentists and orthodontist Alex Willis and now his son who continue to care for our teeth; internist Adnan E. Taj-eldin, ob-Gyn Timothy Edwards who has delivered so many of our babies; and surgeon Edgar H. Batcheller who has repaired our parts. George Conekin and Carol Johnston who care for our vision, and Scott Johnston who relieves our pain. Radiologist George Howard who sees our inner regions and plastic surgeon Thomas Rojy who repairs and heals our wounds.
This is just a sampling of our many long-term health care blessings. Thank you to Onslow Memorial and Naval hospitals and staff for being there when we most need you – day or night, even on holidays.
Veterinarians Bobby Sheegog and Dante Martin who care for our four-legged family members, even the displaced ones.
There are so many more, too many to list here but thank you doctors, nurses, and staff members of Onslow County for caring about us and our health..
And the winners are ..
The Christmas tree sponsored by Lighthouse Baptist Church and decorated by its members won the People's Choice Award at the Festival of Trees last weekend. The themed tree "Holy, Holy, Holy" touched the hearts of many festival goers.
Melissa Naron and Farm Bureau Insurance won second place with "Supporting Family Farms," and Patrick Antinori won third place with "An Elfin' Good Christmas." My granddaughter Sophia, 6, spent a lot of time searching for all the elves in the tree.
Jean Cole, who works untiringly (or should I say over-tiringly) as chairman of the Festival of Trees, won the People's Choice Mini Tree award with her "Snoopy" tree. Jean loves all living things with four legs.
Jimmy Williams won the $500 Visa gift card with ticket 2319. Thank you to all who purchased a ticket and all who worked so hard selling them.
Win gift cards for eats
Don't forget to get your ticket for Jacksonville South Rotary's Christmas fundraiser of $750 gift cards to local restaurants. Tickets are $20 at American Dream Cakes on Gum Branch Road. Call Rotary President John Papurca at (910) 358-0771 to purchase a ticket or for more information.
Also get your ticket for a Christmas or New Year's ham offered by the Onslow Literacy Council. Tickets are $35 for a spiral ham. Proceeds are used to provide free, confidential literacy training for adults. Call (910) 353-0831.
The date to sponsor a live wreath through Wreaths Across America has been extended to Dec. 1, said volunteer director Pat Walker. The wreaths are placed to remember and honor service members during the holiday season at Coastal Carolina State Veterans Cemetery in Jacksonville.
Thank you for coming. I count you, our readers, among my many blessings.


Wiedmer: Is suspended driver Mayfield a villain or NASCAR victim?
I knew you wouldn't fail me Northern. Sounds Yummy.
I have a craving for Shepherd's pie. I think I may cook it on Sunday if I go to the grocery this week.
Thanks Trimm. I don't see how a person could drive that fast and be on that kind of drug.
You're going to cook twice in one month?
Hubby does not like the way I make Shepard's pie. Him being Scottish wants me to grind lamb and make it right. So I stopped making it years ago!
Makes them feel invinceable and living on the edge. They have no fear. They don't feel the pain of the results, if something happens.
That sounds GOOD to Fanny. Mustard and Ketchup on them.
I had M&M's.It's too hot to cook.Hubby's having porkchops.
Oh no lamb in mine. I use ground beef. I buy the little packet in the "foreign" food aisle and throw in peas and carrots and slap mashed potatoes and cheese on it and I am done.
I've only made Shepards Pie with ground beef. Not into lamb myself. But I do love it.
Corn meal, then fry it up in lard.
Depends on how hot it is on Sunday. We are supposedly having a "cold front".
Page created in 2.384 seconds with 19 queries.


The South Sound .NET User Group is proud to announce an evening with Charlie Poole this coming Thursday night. The meeting will be held at our usual time of 7:00-9:00PM at the Olympia Center (222 Columbia NW, Rm 101).
Charlie Poole has spent more than 30 years as a software developer, designer, project manager, trainer and coach. After a long career in the government sector, he began working independently in 1996 with clients ranging from Microsoft to government agencies to internet startups.
Charlie's technical background is long and broad. In recent years, he has specialized in C++ and C# development in cross-platform settings. He has worked with the .NET framework since its inception, is one of the authors of the NUnit .NET testing framework and contributes to several other Open Source projects.
"For the past ten years, Charlie has worked as an Agile coach and trainer. He is a familiar presence at Agile and Open Source events and is one of the founders of the Agile Open Northwest conference."
Like many folks, I started out with simple unit testing after the fact and eventually proceeded to Test-Driven Development. As I have ripened in age and (hopefully) experience I have started to see the need for something beyond TDD, BDD, STDD, DDD, etc - something that works at all levels of a project and for all project roles - developers, testers, managers and customers included.
In this talk, I'll tell about my own journey and where I think we need to go if we want to move beyond nominal "Agile Development" to real mastery. Along the way, I'll illustrate with bits of NUnit tests (including some new features) as well as some other testing approaches."


text:
Purple Man takes centre stage in new Jessica Jones image and motion poster
By Amon Warmann published 29 October 15
As we near the November release of the highly anticipated Netflix series Jessica Jones, more and more promos are being unveiled. The latest piece of marketing material comes in the form of an image, which depicts Krysten Ritter's troubled heroine facing off against David Tennant's Purple Man, and a motion poster in which the villain takes centre stage.
Check out both below…
Netflix have also released a new synopsis for the show: "Haunted by a traumatic past, Jessica Jones uses her gifts as a private eye to find her tormentor before he can harm anyone else in Hell's Kitchen."
The marketing for Jessica Jones has kept the Purple Man largely under wraps, and that could very well turn out to be a smart play. One of the many pleasures of Daredevil was Vincent D'Onofrio's memorable turn as Kingpin, and we don't have to wait long to find out if Tennant has produced something similar.
Co-starring Mike Colter, Carrie-Anne Moss, Rachael Taylor, Eke Darville and Rosario Dawson, we'll be able to binge watch all thirteen episodes of Jessica Jones when it arrives on Netflix on November 20 2015.
Amon Warmann
Film and TV scribbler for GamesRadar+ and others. Video mashup creator. Can also do a pretty good Bane impersonation.
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This mod adds 55 Race Portraits! Thats right 55!
In addition to that it modifies some minor races, and bring their number up to a total of 30 different minor races, thats almost triple the original amount in the game!
This third version also adds 14 Custom Ship Styles that won't oversize parts, and 15 new Custom Races, and New Custom Race Options!
If you downloaded Gauntlet's Minor Race Mod, please delete it and the race portraits it came with, and use this instead!
Hi everyone! You can now Expand on this mod with my Upgrade Pack IE 4.0 I wanted to do a single mod upload again but there is too much info now for 1 !
anything in a folder called 'for the gfx race folder' needs to go into your gal civ directory you will see a folder for GFX note that you don't want to go to the gfx folder inside the galciv DA directory.
Once in the GFX folder their is a folder called 'race' put all the contents there.
There are also folders for ship templates and ship styles, you can find their directories under my documents/games GalCiv DA, just add them to there.
finally their is a folder called Gauntlet's Race Mod 3.0, place this in your mods directory in galciv.
how do i download this mod a readme file would be appreciated.
the nature of my problem is when i download this mod i can't get it to run in the regular skirmish mode. if you could please tell me any info i would be so happy. i also had another thought. would this mod run on a vista computer. even though despite my problem this is a GREAT mod by the sounds of it. please reply soon!
bubbles it would help if you could describe the nature of your problem, and not use an infinite ammount of exclamation points. Though I am sorry for not getting back to you sooner. I haven't check up in a while since I got into the Sins of a Solar Empire Beta.
HEY guys i hate NOT getting help when i need it most! please help ME?
HOW ON EARTH DO I GET THIS TO WORK!
Actually some minors intentionally have major race logos. The reason being that there is simply not enough logos period! Now personally I have an extra 30 or so from the colored logos mod, but I can't apply them to the mod without giving out that Mod's logos, which without permission wouldn't be appropriate. So yeah some minors will be 'hiding' amongst majors lol.
Some very nice new minor races there. I have noticed that a few of them do not initially have race logos and sometimes spawn major race logos. Might need to increase the amount of logos in the mod maybe?
Uhmmm I wouldn't know honestly. I doubt it?
The minro race edits... are they Metaverse compatible?
"So yeah, I think its stardock's naming procedure or something"
Some browsers can't handle downloads with spaces in the names properly. So just don't put spaces in the filename, and it'll be fine for everyone.
I can't open it either. The computer just recognizes it as "File." Could you put it in a zip folder instead?
The Mod adds 40 Race Images and brings the total minor races up to 24!!
It is a compressed file with a readme, try downloading again, --- I tested it, worked fine for me, good luck.
I downloaded it but what do I do with it. My computer doesn't recognize the file type. Having it in a compressed folder of some kind with a readme would be helpful.


text:
John Denver - A Portrait is an album made by Windstar Records and features the music of John Denver.  A similarly named Portrait was released by BMG in 1999. The BMG release was a two-disc set.

John Denver: A Portrait is also the name of a VHS documentary about his life, released in 1994.

Track listing
"Is It Love"
"Rocky Mountain High"
"Two Different Directions"
"For You"
"Calypso"
"Annie's Song"
"Seasons Of The Heart"
"Sweet Surrender"
"Whispering Jessie"
"Shanghai Breezes"
"Sunshine on My Shoulders"
"The Flower That Shattered The Stone"
"Country Girl In Paris"
"Take Me Home"

John Denver compilation albums
1999 compilation albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nothing/Everything is the debut album recorded by pop singer-songwriter Paula Kelley.

Track listing
"Nothing/Everything"
"Two Possible Answers (The Road)"
"Everything Full"
"You Gonna Make It?"
"Nothing"
"All Request Hour"
"For Someone"
"Slug"
"Lucie"
"Girl of the Day"
"The Light Under the Door"
"Ordinary Mind"
"Showdown"

References

Paula Kelley albums
2001 debut albums


Join Greg Johnson the "Moose Man" as you Discover the thrills and excitement of going Head-to-Head with the "Bad Boys" of the Great White North. Explore the Hidden Valleys and Bedrock Ridges as you track your Boar into the dark timber. Learn the tips, tricks and secrets of pursing a Beast that just might hunt you back. All "Funning" aside, you will experience the four seasons of Bear Mountain and the pros and cons of different hunting styles and what weapon works best for you to successfully Slay your Raging Boar.


text:
Saudi trial for al-Qaeda suspects begins
Alleged cell of 41 men, dismantled five years ago, suspected of planning attacks on two US military bases in Qatar.
Published On 18 Sep 201118 Sep 2011
The trial of members of a suspected al-Qaeda cell charged with planning attacks against two US military bases in Qatar has opened in the Saudi capital Riyadh.
The alleged cell, dismantled five years ago, was "the most important al-Qaeda" operation in Saudi Arabia, the country's attorney-general said.
It had "planned attacks in Qatari territory against the Al-Udeid and As-Sailiyah US bases," he added.
The Saudi Press Agency (SPA) said on Sunday that some of the defendants were charged with recruiting and sending fighters to Iraq and sending money to the Taliban.
The 41 members included 38 Saudis, a Qatari, an Afghan and a Yemeni.
The alleged targets – As-Sailiyah camp and the Al-Udeid air base – served as launching pads for the US military's attacks on Afghanistan in 2001 and on Iraq in 2003.
"The cell also had projects aimed at Kuwait," the attorney general said, reading the indictment.
He said there was "co-ordination" between the group and al-Qaeda cells in Iraq and Syria to "ensure logistical support for their operations".
Nine of the 41 accused were present at court on Saturday and the judge gave them time to review the charges. The other defendants would appear later, he said.
The defendants face charges of belonging to al-Qaeda, of taking part in attacks on public buildings and residential compounds, and of smuggling and possession of weapons.
Interpol list
The Saudi interior ministry announced on Sunday that an alleged al-Qaeda member who is one of 47 on an Interpol wanted list has said he will turn himself in.
"The wanted man Mujab Mohammed Jamal al-Qahtani has called his family telling them of his decision and asking them for help to return home and hand himself over," said a ministry spokesman in comments carried by the SPA.
"Security services have arranged for his arrival and for reuniting him with his family upon his return," the spokesman said in the statement, which gave no details on Qahtani's current whereabouts or when he will return.
He will be dealt with "according to the procedures followed in similar cases, and his initiative will be taken into consideration when looking into his case", the spokesman said.
In August, a similar ministry announcement said a man on the same wanted list had also surrendered to Saudi authorities.
International police agency Interpol issued a worldwide alert in January for 47 Saudis with suspected links to al-Qaeda wanted on terrorism charges.
The suspects posed "a potentially serious public threat at home and abroad due to their suspected involvement with al-Qaeda," Interpol said at the time, citing the Saudi interior ministry.
In June, the kingdom started trying 85 suspected al-Qaeda members accused of taking part in a deadly 2003 attack inside the country.
Saudi authorities did not say then why it took eight years to being that trial.
In April, a judicial source said a total of 5,080 terrorist suspects either faced trial or had already been tried before the special court.
Source: News Agencies


text:
Q: Segue to same view Controller loads before prepareforsegue is called Hi guys i am a beginner on Obj c Programming, I have created a "self segue"(segue to same view controller) from a tableviewcell. Now my problem is, i am setting few parameters in the prepareForSegue method, but somehow the segue already happens before this method is called(i am not even calling "performSeguewithIdentifier"). I understand that this might be because the segue is associated with the cell. But i found no other way to create a "self-segue"
please help.Btw i am using xcode6..
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
 _selctdObj =  [avObjArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
 if([_selctdObj isContainer])
  {
     [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"isContainerSegue" sender:self];
  }
 else
  {
   [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"isItemSegue" sender:self];
  }
}

- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
if ([[segue identifier] isEqualToString:@"isContainerSegue"]) {
    // Get destination view
    serverBrowseVC *sbvc = [segue destinationViewController];
    [sbvc setServerSelected:_serverSelected];
    [sbvc setBrowseObjID:_selctdObj];

 }
}

Now invariably "isContainerSegue" gets executed ,even is the object is not a container. i also tried commenting the
//[self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"isContainerSegue" sender:self];

But every time "isContainerSegue" gets executed..

A: You said you weren't calling performSegueWithIdentifier, but you are. You shouldn't be if you've connected the segue from the cell. You also shouldn't implement didSelectRowAtIndexPath at all, just prepareForSegue. You can get the indexPath from the sender argument (the sender will be the cell) of prepareForSegue:sender:. If you're having a problem with the "if [_selctdObj isContainer]" clause, you need to post what isContainer does.


There are numerous websites on the net and internet search engine that can be utilized to help locate individuals on the Internet. Below are several of the various websites and also techniques of finding a person online. people search free facebook people search without logging in Note: Most of these services work best for locating a person that lives. You may desire to start with a Google search if you are looking for someone that is deceased. An additional choice that could function far better are genealogy websites, which can have more details for deceased people.
There are numerous sites on the Internet as well as online search engine that can be utilized to assist find people on the net. Below are a few of the different sites as well as methods of finding someone online. yahoo people search free people search programs Note: Most of these services function best for finding someone that lives. You might desire to start with a Google search if you are looking for a person that is deceased. Another option that can function better are genealogy websites, which can have even more information for deceased people.
There are numerous websites on the net as well as online search engine that can be utilized to assist find people on the net. Below are a few of the various websites and also methods of finding someone online. people search google search people Note: A lot of these solutions function best for finding someone that lives. You may desire to start with a Google search if you are looking for somebody that is deceased. Another choice that might work far better are genealogy sites, which can have more details for departed people.
There are numerous sites on the net and online search engine that can be used to aid locate people online. Below are some of the different websites and also methods of finding a person online. people search whitepages facebook search people name Keep in mind: The majority of these solutions function best for locating someone that lives. If you are seeking someone that is deceased, you might intend to begin with a Google search. Another option that might function better are genealogy websites, which can have more information for deceased individuals.
There are numerous sites on the Internet and internet search engine that can be used to help locate people online. Below are a few of the different websites as well as approaches of locating somebody online. people search how to search people online Note: Most of these solutions work best for finding a person that is alive. If you are searching for a person that is deceased, you may wish to start with a Google search. Another option that might function much better are genealogy sites, which can have even more details for deceased people.
There are numerous websites on the net and search engines that can be used to help discover people on the web. Below are some of the various websites and approaches of situating a person online. yahoo people search people search free results Note: Most of these services work best for finding someone that is alive. You may want to start with a Google search if you are looking for a person that is deceased. An additional choice that might function far better are genealogy websites, which can have even more details for deceased people.
There are numerous websites online as well as internet search engine that can be used to aid find people on the Internet. Below are some of the different websites and techniques of locating somebody online. people search public people search Keep in mind: A lot of these services function best for discovering somebody that is alive. You might desire to start with a Google search if you are looking for somebody that is deceased. Another alternative that could work better are genealogy websites, which can have even more information for dead people.
There are numerous websites on the net as well as online search engine that can be used to help discover people online. Below are a few of the various sites and also techniques of locating somebody online. search people name uc merced people search Note: A lot of these services work best for discovering a person that is alive. You may want to begin with a Google search if you are looking for a person that is deceased. One more option that might work far better are genealogy websites, which can have even more details for deceased people.


text:
Q: How to find local maxima for all the rows of a dataframe? print(df.head())

from scipy.signal import argrelextrema

ilocs_max = []

for i in range (df.shape[0]):

ilocs_max.append(argrelextrema(df.iloc[i,:].values, np.greater_equal, order=15))

df.iloc[0,:].plot(figsize=(20,8))
df.iloc[3000,:].plot(figsize=(20,8))
df.iloc[3000, [df.loc[3000].tolist()]].plot(style='.', lw=10, color='red', marker="v")

A: from scipy.signal import argrelextrema
ilocs_max = []
for i in range (df.shape[0]):

ilocs_max.append(argrelextrema(df.iloc[i,:].values, np.greater_equal, order=15))

#Creat a new dataframe of ilocs_max
df1 = pd.DataFrame(ilocs_max)

df.iloc[0,:].plot(figsize=(20,8))
df.iloc[3000,:].plot(figsize=(20,8))
df.iloc[3000, df1.iloc[3000].tolist()].plot(style='.', lw=10, color='red', marker="v"

A: df.reset_index(drop = True, inplace = True)

max_list = []

for i in range(len(df)):
    max_list.append(df.loc[i].max())


BUFFALO, N.Y. – U.S. Coast Guard Sector Buffalo suspended the search for a possible person in the water on Lake Ontario.
A report of an abandoned car was filed and investigated.
The search was conducted with a Canadian C-130 from RCC Trenton, US Coast Guard helicopters from Air Station Traverse City, Air Station Detroit, small boats from Station St. Ignace and Station Tawas.


text:
RAHUL BASAK
Co-founder and Chief Editor
Mr. Rahul Basak is the co-founder and CEO of Amar Canvas®, Co-founder and Chief Editor of My Canvas Talk and also he is the director of ADRB ART Private Limited. A short brief about Amar Canvas: this is a platform where independent painters can sell their artwork internationally seating from the home, Amar Canvas selected as "The Best Organization Facilitating Artists by Indian Women And youth Skill Foundation", "Best Social Impact Startup from all over India by The Indian Awaz", "The 10 Most Promising Startup Of The Year 2019-2020 in India by The Intellectual India". Talking about My Canvas Talk, this is a YouTube Partner program platform where we provide a stage to the most innovative and talented personalities from different sections. And gradually MCT is working on different corners of the country as well as we'll be different countries soon.
Mr. Basak also attended public speaking programs, He was invited by the TEDx, 2-Times (West Bengal & Tamil Nadu), He was also invited by Josh Talk to share his journey. He is also a guest speaker at DEV Talks (Powered by Google Developers), IIT, Most of the major educational institutions of West Bengal and also from some prestigious colleges of other parts of the country. He is also the judge of the various programs including the international HULT Prize Campus.
Apart from this all, He is a nationally recognized Documentary photographer. He is awarded the prestigious medal of Adobe's Behance. He is also a winner of MTV Nescafe Lab. He was also invited as a speaker of "Inside Photography Magazine". He is also awarded for "Cultural Art" by the prestigious Heritage Institution of Technology.
Find More at www.rahulbasak.com (Click Here)


Developing Student Engagement in China Through Collaborative Action Research.
O'Regan, M. and Choe, J. Y., 2015. Developing Student Engagement in China Through Collaborative Action Research. In: Sheldon, P.J. and Hsu, C.H.C., eds. Tourism Education: Global Issues and Trends. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 153 - 167.
As its market and society open up, China has transformed itself from a closed agrarian socialist economy to an urban state and an economic force. This has released accumulated tourism demand, led to the development of a diversified industry, and the spread of university and vocational courses in this field. However, the industry faces challenges to recruit and retain staff, with tourism education in higher education blamed for the shortfall in numbers and quality of candidates with suitable purpose, knowledge, and passion to serve. This chapter provides a background to the development of and problems facing tourism education in China, and suggests how to support student engagement and hence the future workforce.


Industrial Resources, Inc. (IRI) has been providing high quality, reasonably priced training and engineering services to the power industry since 1986. We specialize in the development of comprehensive training packages for the electric utility industry, university facilities and district energy plants. Our corporate offices are located in Biloxi, Mississippi.
The staff at IRI consists of successful trainers and engineers with a keen understanding of instructional and engineering techniques and their effective use. They have extensive experience in providing services throughout the United States and internationally for the utilities industry, district energy plants, refineries, chemical manufacturers, mining concerns, transportation industry, and for Federal and State and local governments. Industrial Resources corporate offices are located in Biloxi, Mississippi.
IRI provides training services that range from developing and implementing Training and Certification Programs to providing generic Power Point format fundamentals training programs. A summary of each of these capabilities and free downloadable samples of programs is on the "Free Downloadable Samples" Page of this web site.


Due to lots of commitments, it's taken some time to start putting the lists together. However, this is now the first of those lists, focusing on books for infants. It contains a list of thirty one books, mostly picture books, which have been recommended by practising Irish classroom teachers and others.
Hopefully, the list will act as a starting point for teachers who are looking for some new reading material for their infant classroom. Many of these books will also have lots of associated resources available elsewhere online.


When the average viewer thinks of cable television he thinks of ESPN, CNN, or MTV. When Tucson, Ariz., Mayor Tom Volgy thinks of cable, he sees ... less air pollution.
That's because for those with a long-term view of cable as a community resource, there are linkages that go well beyond tonight's TV Guide listings.
Mr. Volgy, formerly chairman of the National League of Cities' transportation and communications steering committee, says one example of the full applications of cable technology is two-way interactive video services. For example, if everyday shopping could be done directly over the television, he says, this would improve air quality and lighten the need for new roads.
Indeed, it may sound like a tenuous link. But the technology exists and should be managed for the public good, maintains Volgy.
``Most new franchised systems from 1980 and later were offered a whole range of telecommunications systems ... state-of-the-art, two-way- interactive services,'' Volgy says. Tucson's original cable television plans, which incorporate such ideas, he says, are the model for at least 40 other cities.
But Volgy suggests the market can be developed with the huge profits being made in cable. He has watched the local Tucson cable company sold for increasing amounts. Four years ago, it sold for $64 million; 18 months later it sold again for $112 million; and now less than three years later, it is now about to be sold for $180 million.