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(Redirected from Borg (Star Trek))
For other uses, see Borg (disambiguation).
The Borg are a fictional alien group that appear as recurring antagonists in the Star Trek franchise. The Borg are cybernetic organisms, linked in a hive mind called "the Collective". The Borg co-opt the technology and knowledge of other alien species to the Collective through the process of "assimilation": forcibly transforming individual beings into "drones" by injecting nanoprobes into their bodies and surgically augmenting them with cybernetic components. The Borg's ultimate goal is "achieving perfection".[1][2] Aside from being recurring antagonists in the Next Generation television series, they are depicted as the main threat in the film Star Trek: First Contact. In addition, they played major roles in the Voyager series and serve as the way home to the Alpha Quadrant for the isolated Federation starship USS Voyager. The first encounter between humans and the Borg is depicted in the 2nd season of the series Enterprise in the episode "Regeneration" in which the phrase "you will be assimilated; resistance is futile" is heard by the crew of the Enterprise for the first time.[3]
The Borg
Star Trek race
A Borg insignium, designed by Rick Sternbach
(first appeared in the episode Q Who)[n 1]
Base of operations
Delta Quadrant
The Borg are one single mind which is sometimes represented by the Borg Queen
The Borg have become a symbol in popular culture for any juggernaut against which "resistance is futile".
DepictionEdit
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The Borg are cyborgs, having outward appearances showing both mechanical and biological body parts. Individual Borg are referred to as drones and move in a robotic, purposeful style ignoring most of their environment, including beings they do not consider an immediate threat. Borg commonly have one eye replaced with a sophisticated ocular implant. Borg usually have one arm replaced with a prosthesis, bearing one of a variety of multipurpose tools in place of a humanoid hand. Since different drones have different roles, the arm may be specialized for myriad purposes such as medical devices, scanners, and weapons. Borg have flat, white skin, giving them an almost zombie-like appearance.
Some Borg have been shown to be far stronger than humans; able to easily overpower most humans and similar species. Typical Borg have never been seen to run, instead moving in a deliberate fashion, never retreating. Borg are highly resistant to energy-based weapons, having personal shielding which instantly adapts to it. In various episodes, phasers and other energy weapons tend to quickly become ineffective as the Borg are able to adapt to specific frequencies once a ship or an individual drone is struck down. Later attempts to modulate phaser and other weapon frequencies have had limited success. Borg shields have, however, proven to be ineffective protection against projectile or melee weapons, but this could prove problematic, given the fact of space travel, specifically puncturing the hull with an errant shot.
Borg possess a "cortical node" which controls other implanted cybernetic devices within a Borg's body, and is most often implanted in the forehead above the retained organic eye. If the cortical node fails, the Borg eventually dies. Successful replacement of the node can be carried out on a Borg vessel.
Borg CollectiveEdit
An occupied Borg "alcove" prop on display at the Hollywood Entertainment Museum
Borg civilization is based on a hive or group mind known as the Collective. Each Borg drone is linked to the collective by a sophisticated subspace network that ensures each member is given constant supervision and guidance. The mental energy of the group consciousness can help an injured or damaged drone heal or regenerate damaged body parts or technology. The collective consciousness not only gives them the ability to "share the same thoughts", but also to adapt with great speed to tactics used against them.[4] Drones in the Collective are never seen speaking, but a collective "voice" is sometimes transmitted to ships.
"Resistance is futile"Edit
Individual Borg rarely speak, though they do send a collective audio message to their targets, stating that "resistance is futile", generally followed by a declaration that the target in question will be assimilated and its "biological and technological distinctiveness" will be added to their own. The exact phrasing varies and evolves over the various series episodes and film.
The complete phrase used in Star Trek: First Contact is:
" We are the Borg. Lower your shields and surrender your ships. We will add your biological and technological distinctiveness to our own. Your culture will adapt to service us. Resistance is futile.[5] "
NanoprobesEdit
Nanoprobes are microscopic machines that inhabit a Borg's body, bloodstream, and many cybernetic implants. The probes perform the function of maintaining the Borg cybernetic systems, as well as repairing damage to the organic parts of a Borg. They generate new technology inside a Borg when needed, as well as protecting them from many forms of disease. Borg nanoprobes, each about the size of a human red blood cell, travel through the victim's bloodstream and latch on to individual cells. The nanoprobes rewrite the cellular DNA, altering the victim's biochemistry, and eventually form larger, more complicated structures and networks within the body such as electrical pathways, processing and data-storage nodes, and ultimately prosthetic devices that spring forth from the skin. In "Mortal Coil", Seven of Nine states that the Borg assimilated the nanoprobe technology from "Species 149". In addition, the nanoprobes work to maintain and repair their host's mechanical and biological components on a microscopic level, allowing regenerative capabilities.
Though used by the Borg to exert control over another being, reprogrammed nanoprobes were used by the crew of the starship Voyager in many instances as medical aids.
The capability of nanoprobes to absorb improved technologies they find into the Borg collective is shown in the Voyager episode "Drone", where Seven of Nine's nanoprobes are fused with the Doctor's mobile emitter which uses technology from the 29th century, creating a 29th-century drone existing outside the Collective, with capabilities far surpassing that of the 24th-century drones.
The Borg do not try to immediately assimilate any being with which they come to contact; in fact, Borg drones tend to completely ignore individuals that are identified as too weak to be an imminent threat or too inferior to be worth assimilating. Captain Picard and his team walk safely past a group of Borg drones in a scene from the film Star Trek: First Contact while the drones fulfill a programmed mission. In the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Mortal Coil", Seven of Nine told Neelix that the Kazon were "unworthy" of assimilation and would only serve to detract from the Borg's quest for perceived perfection.
TravelEdit
The Borg are a spacefaring race, and their primary interstellar transport is known as a "Borg Cube" due to its shape. A cube was first seen in the Next Generation episode "Q Who?" in 2365. Common capabilities of cubes include high speed warp and transwarp drives, self-regeneration and multiple-redundant systems, adaptability in combat, and various energy weapons as well as tractor beams and cutting beams. Additionally, different types and size of Cubes have been observed as well as Borg Spheres and some smaller craft.[6]
As with most other Star Trek races, the Borg also have transporter capability.
AssimilationEdit
Assimilation is the process by which the Borg integrate beings, cultures, and technology into the Collective. "You will be assimilated" is one of the few on-screen phrases employed by the Borg when communicating with other species. The Borg are portrayed as having found and assimilated thousands of species and billions to trillions of individual life-forms throughout the galaxy. The Borg designate each species with a number assigned to them upon first contact; humanity being 'Species 5618'.
When first introduced, the Borg are said to be more interested in assimilating technology than people, roaming the universe as single-minded marauders that have assimilated starships, planets, and entire societies to collect new technology. They are discriminating in this area, finding certain races, for example the Kazon, to be technologically inferior and not worthy of assimilation. A Borg infant found aboard a Borg Cube in "Q Who?" shows that the Borg will even assimilate children. The Borg then place the assimilated children into maturation chambers to quickly and fully grow them into mature drones.
Patrick Stewart as Locutus, the assimilated Jean-Luc Picard
In their second appearance, "The Best of Both Worlds", they capture and assimilate Captain Jean-Luc Picard into the Collective, creating Locutus of Borg (meaning "he who has spoken", in Latin).
The method of assimilating individual life-forms into the Collective has been represented differently over time. When we see the Borg in Star Trek: The Next Generation, assimilation is through abduction and then surgical procedure. In Star Trek: First Contact and Star Trek: Voyager, assimilation is through injection of nanoprobes into an individual's bloodstream via a pair of tubules that spring forth from a drone's hand. Assimilation by tubules is depicted on-screen as being a fast-acting process, with the victim's skin pigmentation turning gray and mottled with visible dark tracks forming within moments of contact. After assimilation, a drone's race and gender become "irrelevant". After initial assimilation through injection, Borg are surgically fitted with cybernetic devices. In Star Trek: First Contact an assimilated crew member is shown to have a forearm and an eye physically removed and replaced with cybernetic implants.
The Borg also assimilate, interface, and reconfigure technology using these tubules and nanoprobes. However, in Q Who? we see a Borg apparently trying to assimilate, probe or reconfigure a control panel in engineering using an energy interface instead of nanoprobes.
Some species, for various stated reasons, are able to resist assimilation by nanoprobe. Species 8472 is the only race shown to be capable of completely rejecting assimilation attempts. Other species, such as the Hirogen, have demonstrated resistance to assimilation as well as Dr Phlox, who was able to partially resist the assimilation process in the Star Trek: Enterprise episode "Regeneration".[7]
ConceptEdit
The Borg represented a new antagonist and regular enemy that was lacking during the first season of TNG; the Klingons were allies and the Romulans mostly absent. The Ferengi were originally intended as the new enemy for the United Federation of Planets, but their comical appearance and devotion to capitalist accumulation by free enterprise failed to portray them as a convincing threat. The Borg, however, with their frightening appearance, their immense power, and their sinister motive, became the signature villains for the TNG and Voyager eras of Star Trek. In Voyager episode "Q2", even Q tells his son "don't provoke the Borg."
Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) writers began to develop the idea of the Borg as early as the Season 1 episode, "Conspiracy", which introduced a coercive, symbiotic life form that took over key Federation personnel. Plans to feature the Borg as an increasingly menacing threat were subsequently scrapped in favor of a more subtle introduction, beginning with the mystery of missing colonies on both sides of the Neutral Zone in "The Neutral Zone" and culminating in the encounter between Borg and the Enterprise crew in "Q Who?".[8]
Borg QueenEdit
Alice Krige as the Borg Queen in Star Trek: First Contact.
Before the film Star Trek: First Contact (1996), the Borg exhibited no hierarchical command structure. First Contact introduced the Borg Queen, who is not named as such in the film (referring to herself with "I am the Borg. I am the Collective.") but is named Borg Queen in the closing credits. The Queen is played by Alice Krige in this film and in the 2001 finale of Star Trek: Voyager, "Endgame". The character also appeared in Voyager's two-part episodes "Dark Frontier" (1999) and "Unimatrix Zero" (2000), but was portrayed by Susanna Thompson.[9] Whether or not all of these appearances represent exactly the same Queen is never confirmed. In First Contact, the Borg Queen is heard during a flashback of Picard's former assimilation, implying that she was present during the events of "Best of Both Worlds".
The Borg Queen is the focal point within the Borg collective consciousness and a unique drone within the Collective, who brings "order to chaos", referring to herself as "we" and "I" interchangeably. In First Contact, the Queen's dialogue suggests she is an expression of the Borg Collective's overall intelligence, not a controller but the avatar of the entire Collective as an individual. This sentiment is contradicted by Star Trek: Voyager, where she is seen explicitly directing, commanding, and in one instance even overriding the Collective. The introduction of the Queen radically changed the canonical understanding of the Borg function, with the authors of The Computers of Star Trek noting "It was a lot easier for viewers to focus on a villain rather than a hive-mind that made decisions based on the input of all its members."[10] First Contact writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore have defended the introduction of the Queen as a dramatic necessity, noting on the film's DVD audio commentary that they had initially written the film with drones, but then found that it was essential for the main characters to have someone to interact with beyond mindless drones.
Borg appearancesEdit
The Borg were introduced on syndicated television on May 8, 1989, in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Q Who?", and rose to further prominence in the famous two part cliffhanger "Best of Both Worlds, Part I"[11] which aired on June 18, 1990, with the sequel airing on September 24, 1990. In the Star Trek in-universe timeline, the earliest the Borg have been displayed is in the 1996 blockbuster Star Trek: First Contact.
The Next GenerationEdit
The Borg first appear in the Star Trek: The Next Generation second-season episode "Q Who?", when the omnipotent life-form Q hurls the Enterprise-D across the galaxy to challenge Jean-Luc Picard's assertion that his crew is ready to face the galaxy's dangers and mysteries. The Enterprise crew is overwhelmed by the Borg, and Picard begs for and receives Q's help in returning the ship to its previous coordinates.
The Borg next appear in The Next Generation's third-season finale and fourth-season premiere, "The Best of Both Worlds". Picard is abducted and assimilated by the Borg and transformed into Locutus, the Latin for "he who speaks". Picard's knowledge of Starfleet's strengths and strategies is gained by the Collective, and the single cube destroys the entire Starfleet armada at Wolf 359. The Enterprise crew manages to capture Locutus, gain information through him which allows them to destroy the cube, and then reverse the assimilation process.
In the fifth-season episode "I, Borg", the Enterprise crew rescues an adolescent Borg they name "Hugh". The crew faces the moral decision of whether or not to use Hugh (who begins to develop a sense of independence as a result of a severed link to the Collective) as a means of delivering a devastating computer virus to the Borg, or return to the Borg with his individuality intact.[12] They decide to return him without the virus, but in the sixth-season episode "Descent", a group of rogue Borg who had "assimilated" individuality through Hugh fall under the control of the android Lore, the "older brother" of Data. Lore also corrupts Data through the use of an "emotion chip", simultaneously deactivating Data's ethical subroutines and only projecting negative emotions to it. Under this programming, Data participates in the capture of Picard, La Forge and Troi, but they are able to reactivate Data's ethical subroutines, allowing him to recognize that his current actions are wrong and leading to him deactivating Lore. Data recovers the emotion chip and the surviving Borg fall under the leadership of Hugh.
In 2017, SYFY listed "I, Borg" among the 25 best science fiction episodes of the last 25 years.[13]
First ContactEdit
The Borg return as the antagonists in the Next Generation film, Star Trek: First Contact. After again failing to assimilate Earth by a direct assault in the year 2373, the Borg travel back in time to the year 2063 to try to stop Zefram Cochrane's first contact with the Vulcans, change the timeline, and erase Starfleet from existence. The Enterprise-E crew follows the Borg back in time and restores the original timeline. First Contact introduces the Borg Queen as played by Alice Krige, who later reprised the role on United Paramount Network for the finale of Star Trek: Voyager.
Deep Space NineEdit
The only screen appearance made on this series was in the premiere episode Emissary. Benjamin Sisko (Avery Brooks) was an officer on the USS Saratoga, one of the ships in the Starfleet armada dispatched to confront the Borg at Wolf 359. The Saratoga is destroyed by the Borg, killing Sisko's wife, Jennifer. During that episode, Sisko's meeting with Picard is tense as he blames Picard for the actions of Locutus. Throughout the remainder of the series, references to the Borg are made occasionally, including the design of their ship, USS Defiant, and the battle from Star Trek: First Contact being used as a plot point in Season 5 when Starfleet is spread too thin to deal with a Dominion incursion.
VoyagerEdit
The Borg make frequent appearances in Star Trek: Voyager, which takes place in the Delta Quadrant. The Borg are first seen by Voyager in the third-season episode "Blood Fever" in which Chakotay discovers the body of what the local humanoids refer to as "the Invaders"; which turns out to be the Borg. In "Scorpion", the Borg are engaged in a war of attrition against Species 8472, whose biological defences are a match for the Borg's nanoprobes. In one of the few instances of the Borg negotiating, in exchange for safe passage through Borg space, the Voyager crew devises a way to destroy the otherwise invulnerable Species 8472. A Borg drone, Seven of Nine, is dispatched to Voyager to facilitate this arrangement. After successfully driving Species 8472 back into their fluidic space, Seven of Nine is severed from the Collective and becomes a member of Voyager's crew. Seven of Nine's rediscovery of her individuality becomes a recurring theme throughout the series.
Hollywood Reporter ranked "Scorpion" as the 4th best episode of all Star Trek:Voyager in 2016.[14] And they ranked it 37th out 100 of the best of all Star Trek television episodes at that time.[15] In 2017, Den of Geek rated the pair of "Scorpion" episodes among the top 50 Star Trek franchise episodes overall.[16]
In the fifth season, we see the Borg in "Drone", where an advanced Borg drone is created when Seven of Nine's nanoprobes are fused with the Doctor's mobile emitter in a transporter accident. The Borg play a peripheral role in "Infinite Regress", when Seven of Nine is exposed to a weapon against the Borg that essentially causes her to suffer from MPD, reverting to the personas of various people she assimilated while in the Collective. In "Dark Frontier", Voyager steals and uses a transwarp coil to both rescue Seven of Nine from the Borg Queen and then knock another fifteen years off their journey home before the coil burns out.
In the sixth season episode, "Collective", the crew of Voyager encounter a damaged cube that is holding Tom Paris, Neelix, Harry Kim and Chakotay hostage. With all the adult drones dead, the ship is run by five Borg children who are saved by Voyager and deassimilated. The later episode "Child's Play" reveals that the cube was infected by a pathogen that Icheb, one of the children, had been engineered to act as a host for by his parents, but the crew rescue Icheb before he can be sent back to the Borg. The crew encounter the Borg again in "Unimatrix Zero", a two-part cliffhanger between seasons six and seven.
In the seventh season we see the Borg in "Q2", where Q's son brings Borg onto Voyager and in the series finale, "Endgame", where Admiral Janeway from the future tries to bring Voyager back to Earth using a Borg transwarp hub. During this episode, Janeway infects the Borg with a neurolytic pathogen which infects the collective and kills the Queen.
EnterpriseEdit
In the Star Trek: Enterprise episode "Regeneration", the remnants of the destroyed sphere from Star Trek: First Contact are discovered in the Arctic along with two frozen drones. The Borg steal a research ship and send a transmission toward the Delta Quadrant before they are destroyed.
DiscoveryEdit
Though the Borg do not appear, in the Star Trek: Discovery episode "Perpetual Infinity", Captain Leland of Section 31 is infected with nanites by the time-traveling rogue artificial intelligence known as Control. Leland displays characteristics similar to Borg drones, including black veins and a heightened ability to adapt in combat, leading some fans to speculate that Control is connected to the origin of the Borg. In addition, the Borg are known for their possession of transwarp technology, which allows them to travel to any section of the galaxy in an instant. Some fans suggest the technology may have been derived from Discovery's spore drive though there is no evidence to support this as of yet.
These theories are not confirmed as a Borg origin story in any episodes to date.[17]
OriginEdit
The origin of the Borg is never made clear, though they are portrayed as having existed for hundreds of thousands of years (as attested by Guinan and the Borg Queen). In Star Trek: First Contact, the Borg Queen merely states that the Borg were once much like humanity, "flawed and weak", but gradually developed into a partially synthetic species in an ongoing attempt to evolve and perfect themselves.
In TNG's "Q Who?", Guinan mentions that the Borg are "made up of organic and artificial life [...] which has been developing for [...] thousands of centuries." In the later episode of Star Trek: Voyager, "Dragon's Teeth", Gedrin, of the race the Vaadwaur, says that before he and his people were put into suspended animation 892 years earlier (1482), the Borg had assimilated only a few colonies in the Delta Quadrant and were considered essentially a minor nuisance. Now awake in the 24th century, he is amazed to see that the Borg control a vast area of the Delta Quadrant. Seven of Nine comments that the Borg's collective memories of that time period are fragmentary, though it is never established why that is.
Non-canon origin storiesEdit
The Star Trek Encyclopedia speculates that a connection could exist between the Borg and V'ger, the vessel encountered in Star Trek: The Motion Picture. This idea of a connection is advanced in William Shatner's novel The Return. The connection was also suggested in a letter included in Starlog no. 160 (November 1990). The letter writer, Christopher Haviland, also speculated that the original Borg drones were members of a race called "the Preservers", which Spock had suggested in the original series episode "The Paradise Syndrome" might be responsible for why so many humanoids populate the galaxy. It was confirmed in the TNG episode "The Chase" that an ancient species seeded hundreds, if not thousands of planets with their DNA, creating the Humans, Vulcans, Klingons, Romulans, Cardassians, and many more.
The extra section of the game Star Trek: Legacy contains the supposed "Origin of the Borg", which tells the story of V'ger being sucked into a black hole. V'ger was found by a race of living machines which gave it a form suitable to fulfilling its simplistic programming. Unable to determine who its creator could be, the probe declared all carbon-based life an infestation of the creator's universe, leading to assimilation. From this, the Borg were created, as extensions of V'ger's purpose. Drones were made from those assimilated and merged into a collective consciousness. The Borg Queen was created out of the necessity for a single unifying voice. With thoughts and desires of her own, she was no longer bound to serve V'ger.
In the graphic novel Star Trek: The Manga, the Borg resulted from an experiment in medical nanotechnology gone wrong. An alien species under threat of extinction by an incurable disease created a repository satellite containing test subjects infused with body parts, organs, and DNA of multiple species along with cybernetic enhancements put in place by advanced medical technology. The satellite was maintained by nanomachines, which also maintained the medical equipment on board. The medical facility is parked in orbit by a black hole, and along with the relativistic state of time around the black hole, allows long-term research to continue at an accelerated time scale rather than in real-time speed. As the medical facility deteriorates, so does the programming of the nanomachines. The nanomachines began infusing themselves into the patients, interpreting them as part of the satellite in need of repair. Among the patients is the daughter of the head medical researcher of the satellite. The satellite eventually falls apart in an encounter with an away team from the Enterprise under the command of James T. Kirk. In the final moments of the satellite's destruction and the escape of the crew members of the Enterprise with the patients, the subjects display qualities inherently resembling the Borg: injection of nanomachines in a fashion similar to assimilation, rapid adaptation to weaponry, and a hive mind consciousness, as all the subjects begin following the whim of the daughter. As succumbing to the disease was inevitable, and the corrupt nanomachine programming infused itself into the bodies, the final image of the page of the manga Borg origin is left with the daughter turned Borg Queen, stating, "Resistance is futile."
In the novel Lost Souls (the third book in the Star Trek: Destiny trilogy), the Borg are revealed to be the survivors of the Caeliar city Mantilis. Thrown across the galaxy in the Delta Quadrant and back in time to about 4500 BC by the destruction of Erigol at the climax of Gods of Night, the first book in the trilogy, a group of human survivors from the starship Columbia (NX-02) and Caeliar scientists try to survive in a harsh arctic climate. Most of the human survivors die of exposure, while several Caeliar are absorbed into their race's gestalt to give life to the others in their group mind. The Caeliar offer the remaining humans a merging of human and Caeliar, to allow both groups to survive. The human survivors are resistant and as time goes on, the Caeliar called Sedin becomes the sole survivor of her group, her mental processes and her form both degrading as time goes on. When the humans return to Sedin for help, she forces them to merge with her, unwilling to allow herself to die when a union can save her life. The forced merging of the humans and the mostly decayed Caeliar results in the creation of the first Borg. The gestalt group mind is perverted to become the collective, driven by Sedin's desperate hunger and need to add the strength, technology, and life-force of others to her own. Ironically, while the Caeliar were–albeit accidentally–involved in the creation of the Borg, they also provide the means to end it; in the 24th century, the Caeliar absorb the entire Borg collective back into themselves, ending the cyborgs' centuries-long reign of terror.
Other Non-canon media appearancesEdit
In the Star Trek novel Probe, which takes place following the events of Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, the Borg are mentioned obliquely in communication with the whale-probe as spacefaring "mites" (the whale-probe's term for humanoid races) who traveled in cubical and spherical spacefaring vessels; the Borg apparently attacked the whale-probe and damaged its memory in some fashion before the events of the film.
In the Star Trek Game Star Trek: Legacy, the Borg are featured prominently throughout the Enterprise and TOS era's before becoming a major threat in the TNG era. In unlockable motion-comics that are unlocked after completing each era, it is revealed that the Vulcan T'Uerell experimented on Borg corpses left behind from the Enterprise episode "Regeneration", and became assimilated. It wasn't until the end of the TOS era that she made contact with the main Borg force and became a queen before she was finally killed in a fleet of Starfleet, Romulan, and Klingon ships led by Picard.
The Peter David novel Vendetta reveals that the planet killer weapon from the Original Series episode "The Doomsday Machine" is a prototype for a weapon against the Borg. David revisited this concept in a 2007 sequel novel, Before Dishonor, which features the Enterprise-E working with Spock and Seven of Nine to reactivate the original planet killer to stop the Borg.
In William Shatner's novel The Return, Spock is nearly assimilated by the Borg, but is saved because he mind-melded with V'ger, an earlier form of the Borg, and they assume that he is already a Borg. Using the information he subconsciously acquired in the meld, Spock is able to lead a crew of Enterprise officers (consisting of the Enterprise-D crew, himself, Admiral McCoy, and the resurrected Kirk) in a Defiant-class ship to destroy the Borg central node, severing all branches of the Collective from each other and limiting their future threat.
In David Mack's novel trilogy Star Trek: Destiny, set over a year after Star Trek: Nemesis, the Borg stage a massive invasion of local space. Due to Kathryn Janeway crippling their infrastructure in "Endgame", the Borg fear for their survival and attempt to exterminate the Federation and its neighbors. They destroy the populations of numerous Federation worlds before being dismantled by the Caeliar, the advanced species that spawned them. The crews of the Enterprise-E, the Titan, and the Aventine had made contact with the Caeliar, learned of their role in the creation of the Borg, and convinced them to end the Borg once and for all.
In the Doctor Who/Star Trek crossover comic, Assimilation2, the Borg join forces with the Cybermen. When the Cybermen subvert the Collective, the Enterprise-D crew work with the Eleventh Doctor and the Borg, restoring the Borg to full strength and erasing the Borg/Cyberman alliance from existence.[18]
Writers Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens developed an unproduced idea for an episode which would have featured Alice Krige as a Starfleet medical technician who encounters the Borg and is assimilated – thereby becoming the Borg Queen.[19]
In the video game Star Trek: Armada, the Borg invades a Dominion cloning facility to create a clone of Jean-Luc Picard to create a new Locutus.
In video gamesEdit
The Borg appear as antagonists to the player in the following Star Trek videogame titles:
Star Trek: The Next Generation: Birth of the Federation
Star Trek: A Final Unity
Star Trek: Armada
Star Trek: Armada II
Star Trek: Away Team
Star Trek: Borg
Star Trek: Voyager – Elite Force
Star Trek: Elite Force II
Star Trek: Starfleet Command III
Star Trek: Encounters
Star Trek: Invasion
Star Trek: Legacy
Star Trek: Conquest
Star Trek: Borg Contact
Activision planned to release Star Trek: Borg Assimilator, in which the player would play a Borg, but later canceled the game.
Critical reception and popular cultureEdit
The depiction of the Borg cube in "Q Who" garnered the episode an Emmy Award nomination.[20]
TV Guide named the Borg #4 in their 2013 list of the 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.[21] The Borg are noted as a powerful cybernetic force among the Star Trek aliens, although the Federation has generally been able to thwart their plans.[22] The Borg are noted for their use of powerful starships (the Borg Cube for example), assimilation of other species, and for wanting to acquire new technologies.[23]
The phrase "resistance is futile" became prevalent in popular culture from its use in the television show TNG.[24][25][26][27]
The Borg uttered the phrase in several Star Trek episodes and the film Star Trek: First Contact (which used the phrase as the tagline for the 1996 film). Patrick Stewart's delivery of the line, as Locutus, in "The Best of Both Worlds" was ranked no. 93 in TV Land's list of "The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catchphrases".[28] It was used as the title for an episode of the TV series Dexter.
Cybermen
Group mind (science fiction)
Replicator (Stargate)
^ The insignia appears at about 35:00 in the episode Q Who, colored red-on-black rather than white-on-black of this version, to the left of Commander Riker as the away team walks into the Borg nursery.
^ Star Trek: First Contact
^ https://screenrant.com/star-trek-borg-biggest-plot-holes-make-no-sense/
^ "Star Trek: Enterprise (TV Series) - Regeneration (2003) - Quotes". IMDb.
^ "The Best of Both Worlds, Parts I and II" (TNG)
^ Star Trek - First Contact (1996) Archived September 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Moviesoundclips.net. Rikeromega3 Productions 1999-2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ http://www.startrek.com/database_article/borg-cube
^ Star Trek: Voyager, season 3 episode 26 and Season 4 Episode 1 (Scorpion Parts 1 & 2)
^ text commentary by Michael Okuda in the collector's edition of Star Trek: First Contact
^ https://www.trektoday.com/news/150500_03.shtml
^ Lois H. Gresh & Robert Weinberg, The Computers of Star Trek. New York: Basic Books (1999): 147. "It was a lot easier for viewers to focus on a villain rather than a hive-mind that made decisions based on the input of all its members."
^ Nemeck, Larry (2003). Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-5798-6.
^ https://screenrant.com/star-trek-discovery-control-borg-origin-theory/
^ "Doctor Who, Star Trek crossover comic revealed • Doctor Who News • WhovianNet". whoviannet.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
^ "Interview: Reeves-Stevenses Talk Mars and Enterprise". Trekmovie.com. September 22, 2007. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
^ Nemecek, Larry (2003). The Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion: (Revised ed.). Pocket Books. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7434-7657-7.
^ Bretts, Bruce; Roush, Matt; (March 25, 2013). "Baddies to the Bone: The 60 nastiest villains of all time". TV Guide. pp. 14 - 15.
^ "Star Trek: The 15 Strongest Species, Ranked From Weakest To Most Powerful". ScreenRant. March 29, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
^ Hayot, Eric; Haun Saussy; Steven G. Yao (2008). Sinographies: writing China. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4724-8.
^ Nardi, Eric Bonnie; Vicki O'Day (2000). Information ecologies: using technology with heart. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-14066-7. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
^ Strangelove, Michael (2005). The empire of mind: digital piracy and the anti-capitalist movement. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-3818-2. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
^ "Resistance Is Futile: The New Wave of Video Games About Depression". Playboy. Archived from the original on December 28, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
^ "The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catchphrases". TV Land. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
Patrick Thaddeus Jackson and Daniel H. Nexon, "Representation is Futile?: American Anti-Collectivism and the Borg" in Jutta Weldes, ed., To Seek Out New Worlds: Science Fiction and World Politics. 2003. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29557-X. pp. 143–167.
Thomas A. Georges. Digital Soul: Intelligent Machines and Human Values. Boulder: Westview. ISBN 0-8133-4057-8. p. 172. (The Borg as Big Business)
Borg (category)
Borg at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
Borg documentary at the Star Trek website
Borg article at the Star Trek website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borg&oldid=906532860"


text:
<#

************************************************************************************************************************

Created:	2015-03-01
Version:	1.1
Homepage:   http://deploymentfundamentals.com

Disclaimer:
This script is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, confers no rights and
is not supported by the authors or DeploymentArtist.

Author - Johan Arwidmark
    Twitter: @jarwidmark
    Blog   : http://deploymentresearch.com

************************************************************************************************************************

#>

$SiteServer = $Env:COMPUTERNAME

Function Get-SiteCode
{
    $wqlQuery = "SELECT * FROM SMS_ProviderLocation"
    $a = Get-WmiObject -Query $wqlQuery -Namespace "root\sms" -ComputerName $SiteServer
    $a | ForEach-Object {
        if($_.ProviderForLocalSite)
            {
                $script:SiteCode = $_.SiteCode
            }
    }
return $SiteCode
}

$SiteCode = Get-SiteCode

# Import the ConfigMgr module
if (-not (Test-Path -Path $SiteCode))
    {
        Write-Verbose "$(Get-Date):   ConfigMgr module has not been imported yet, will import it now."
        Import-Module ($env:SMS_ADMIN_UI_PATH.Substring(0,$env:SMS_ADMIN_UI_PATH.Length – 5) + '\ConfigurationManager.psd1') | Out-Null
    }
# Set location to ConfigMgr PowerShell drive (ConfigMgr 2012 cmdlets need to be run from the drive)
Set-Location "$($SiteCode):" | Out-Null
if (-not (Get-PSDrive -Name $SiteCode))
    {
        Write-Error "There was a problem loading the Configuration Manager powershell module and accessing the site's PSDrive."
        exit 1
    }

# Enable Active Directory Forest Discovery
Set-CMDiscoveryMethod -ActiveDirectoryForestDiscovery `
 -SiteCode $SiteCode `
 -EnableActiveDirectorySiteBoundaryCreation $true `
 -EnableSubnetBoundaryCreation $true `
 -Enabled $true

 # Wait 30 seconds
 Sleep 30

#Run the Active Directory Forest Discovery
Invoke-CMForestDiscovery -SiteCode $SiteCode -Verbose

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Here's Why Crypto Is Down This Week
crypto Nov 18, 2021
To no one's surprise here at Moby, the Infrastructure Bill that was approved on Monday, caused a landslide of losses across cryptocurrencies.
Over $400 Billion was sold off from the entire $3 Trillion market cap in minutes, as Bitcoin and others hit monthly lows.
While the Infrastructure Bill was celebrated by many as it pours billions in roads, ports and powerlines, many crypto advocates actively criticized the new bill.
This is because the new bill puts tighter rules on handling cryptocurrencies and puts a spot light on reporting requirements.
Long story short, this creates more red tape, more costs and more road bumps aheads.
But this is likely just the first part of more regulation and roadblocks for the cryptocurrency going forward.
We're hope you're ready for a fight in the crypto political wars here in the US.
Let's break down what you need to know and what's coming next:
Crypto Overview:
The first punch, and it's a big one under the new law, goes after those who are involved in digital asset mining or staking, providing digital asset hardware or software wallets, or are developing digital asset protocols that may fall under the definition of "broker" for tax purposes.
By becoming a "broker" these parties would then be subject to certain Internal Revenue Service (IRS) reporting requirements. For most of these parties, these new rules would be a massive headache. The headaches would largely amount to massive costs incurred and needs for new reporting systems. The language of "brokers" is extremely broad, and capturing miners and other parties that don't actually facilitate transactions adds a ton of strain to the system.
The second huge punch is that new legislation requires digital asset transactions worth more than $10,000 to be reported to the IRS.
We are unsure at this time if this will apply to both individuals and businesses, but again this is a ton of added stress on the system. This means that for anyone transacting in "large" amounts they'll have to report this, which costs money and time. With more friction, comes more headaches and slowing down of innovation. Therefore we're viewing both these events as overreactions and are against the heavy new burdens.
But we believe this fight isn't yet over. So, who's in our corner fighting for crypto?
Political Landscape:
If you can count on one thing, it's death, taxes and money.
Wait, we actually said 3 things, so let's add one more to it: Politicians will argue to death.
And specifically they'll argue this crypto legislation back and forth for eternity. So let's get into who's pro vs. anti crypto:
Senator Pat Toomey (R-PA): "The legislation is too expensive, too expansive, too unpaid for and too threatening to the innovative cryptocurrency economy". Toomey called out the crypto tax reporting requirement as possibly "unworkable."
Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) & Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR): The senators made a last ditch effort, to no success, to change the tax reporting requirements to "not apply to individuals developing blockchain technology and wallets."
Senator Wyden said, "Our bill makes clear that the new reporting requirements do not apply to individuals developing block chain technology and wallets. This will protect American innovation while at the same time ensuring those who buy and sell cryptocurrency pay the taxes they already owe."
Senator Lummis said, "Digital assets are here to stay in our financial system and the decisions we make now will have impacts far into the future. We need to be fostering innovation, not stifling it, if we are going to maintain America's position as the global financial leader. I'm proud to introduce this bipartisan bill to ensure that our tax system reflects the realities of digital assets and distributed ledger technology."
While we're sure reading about politicians is putting you to sleep, the summary of this is that people are truly on both sides of the fence. And even when they're on the same side of the fence they're still arguing the best way to go about it too!
While these new rules don't go in affect in 2024, we don't think this is the first or last round of this fight around cryptocurrencies. This is just one of many rules and regulation to come into affect going forward.
How To Play It:
Therefore we're continuing to add incremental purchases to our Bitcoin position at points of tension and think this is the best way to take advantage of the sell off!
While we don't yet see any new legislation directly targeted to Bitcoin - all others (e.g. Ethereum, Cardano, Binance, to name a few) are now officially on #SEC watch.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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LinkedIn has had its ups and downs over the years, and now it's definitely up, especially when it comes to B2B marketing. LinkedIn is more useful now than ever as a result of recent changes in the social media landscape. You may even call it the unsung hero of the social media world.
What exactly do we mean? Let's take a look.
1. Your Target Audience is Right There.
The whole concept of B2B marketing is to reach businesses that are interested in your product or service. And who's on LinkedIn? The owners, managers, and employees of these businesses, of course!
2. It's More Serious Stuff.
Sure, you can find some quirky posts and comments on LinkedIn every now and then, but truly it's a mature, professional outlet for your organic posts and pay-per-click campaigns. That's not to say you shouldn't use creativity and ingenuity to engage your audience, but you can rely on the fact that LinkedIn users tend to have the same things in mind that you do: success. In other words, LinkedIn isn't really about fun and games. That's Instagram (which we love too, by the way).
For years, Facebook was the thing. Both businesses and everyday consumers were all over it. Facebook has changed recently, however, to encourage more paid advertising. Although we think Facebook ads are a great tool for B2B marketing, organic rankings suffer if you rely only on Facebook. You can still use organic marketing strategies on Facebook, but you need to up your game to address the changes in the social media landscape.
Facebook's security issues also may be scaring away some users, but we won't get into that. We're sure you've heard all about it.
The goal of LinkedIn marketing campaigns is for your brand to develop and present itself as a leader in your industry. You might not get as many hits or comments as Instagram, but that's OK. Consistently posting on LinkedIn is what will set you apart from your competitors, and the keyword there is "consistently." Why?
Your prospects will regularly see what you post, even though they might not necessarily comment. Eventually, they'll trust that you know what you're talking about, and that's what leadership is all about.
The best digital agencies utilize every appropriate resource at their disposal, especially when it comes to social media. The search engines in turn recognize quality posts, timely communications, and steady traffic to your website and social media pages. You have to have smart social media strategies in place, however, in order to determine when, where, and what to post or pay for.
Building professional connections is the foundation of LinkedIn. LinkedIn allows you to maintain important connections in the business world, including those mentors, clients, and coworkers you haven't communicated with in person for years. Maintaining quality relationships is a sign of a strong business leader, and LinkedIn provides you with the outlet to reach these acquaintances.
Of course, you also get the added bonus of possibly be able to connect with their connections, essentially growing your professional network and viewers.
One of our favorite aspects of paid ads on LinkedIn is that you can narrow down your target audience based on very specific details about each group. In other words, with LinkedIn, not only do you get professionals who are interested in your industry, but you get professionals who are interested in your industry who also satisfy a particular requirement. And when you're talking qualified leads for B2B marketing, you can't get much more qualified than that.
While LinkedIn is a clean, easy-to-use social media site, it does require clever B2B marketing tactics. As with all social media marketing, it's trickier than it looks. So call us, and we'll help set you up for success.


text:
Chechen separatists denied any role in the crashes
The incidents came against a backdrop of mounting violence in Chechnya, where Moscow has been battling separatists for a decade. Rebels launched a major raid in the local capital Grozny last week and have promised more attacks.
Moderate Chechen separatists denied any role in the crashes.
"Our government has nothing to do with terrorist attacks. Our attacks only target the military. This is part of the Russian propaganda plan to besmirch the struggle of the Chechen people," Farouq Tubulat, a spokesman for Chechen separatist leader Aslan Maskhadov, told Al Jazeera television.
The plane which crashed near Tula, operated by Volga-Aviaexpress, came down after nearly reaching its cruising altitude. The company said the plane was in good shape and its passengers had undergone all necessary security checks.
"I rule out pilot error, because even in the most serious conditions which can affect this kind of plane, such as loss of control or fire, the crew always has time to pass on information to the ground," Yuri Dmitriev, director of Volgograd airport, told Russia's First Channel television.
An Emergencies Ministry spokeswoman said there was no chance of anyone surviving as the plane fell from 10,000 metres (30,000 feet). Wreckage was spread over several kilometres (miles) with some pieces about the size of a car, TV footage showed.
Three minutes after the Volga-Aviaexpress Tu-134 crashed, air traffic controllers lost contact with the Sibir Tu-154. Its wreckage was not found until Wednesday morning.
Emergencies Minister Sergei Shoigu told Russian television that nearly all of the victims' bodies had been found, and flight recorders from both planes had been recovered.
He did not speculate on the causes of the crashes, but said Putin was being fully briefed on the crash investigation, informs Reuters. According to The Star when Russia's U.N. Ambassador Andrey Denisov was told of the initial report of two near-simultaneous crashes, he said, "Now we have to see if there's terrorism." In Washington, a U.S. official, speaking on condition of anonymity Tuesday evening, said it was the understanding of American officials that the two Russian planes disappeared within four minutes of each other, which "in and of itself is suspicious." President Vladimir Putin immediately put the country on full alert, tightened airport security and ordered the FSB - the successor to the KGB - to launch an investigation. Today agents were combing passenger lists for known terrorists and interviewing ground crew involved in both flights. Putin ordered the FSB to investigate both incidents "without delay", amid fears that Chechen terrorists or al Qaeda may be behind the attacks, informs This is London.
Read earlier news stories by PRAVDA.Ru
&to=http://english.pravda.ru/accidents/21/96/382/13889_aircrash.html' target=_blank>9/11 in Russia: Terrorists hijack two jetliners. Crashes leave no survivors
&to=http://english.pravda.ru/hotspots/2002/06/25/31109.html' target=_blank>New evidence of Chechen separatists' connection with ...


text:
Bashar al-Jaafari blames Saudis, UN for talks failure
Chief negotiator Bashar al-Jaafari accuses UN special envoy Staffan de Mistura of undermining eighth round of talks.
Syria's chief negotiator has blamed the West, Saudi Arabia and the UN for the failure of the latest round of negotiations to end the country's civil war.
Bashar al-Jaafari said the Syrian opposition - supported by Saudi Arabia - was setting a pre-condition of the removal of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad as part of discussions.
As long as they maintained this, there will be "no direct talks" between the Assad government and the opposition, he said.
He also criticised Staffan de Mistura, UN special envoy for Syria, for comments made to Swiss television on Wednesday calling on Russian President Vladimir Putin to "have the courage" to convince his Syrian counterpart to hold new elections.
"His statement undermined his mandate as a facilitator of the talks, which will affect the entire Geneva process," Jaafari said.
He said Mistura had made an "error" in the interview and his mandate as mediator would be reviewed.
"Nobody can exert pressure on us," he said.
Al Jazeera's David Chater, reporting from Geneva, said this was the "eighth round of talks that has ended in failure", with Jaafari originally announcing he quit the current round of talks on December 3.
Russian involvement
The Syrian civil war has raged since March 2011 after the Assad government used deadly force to stop protests against his rule.
The nearly seven-year war has killed hundreds of thousands of people and displaced millions more.
WATCH: UN - Syria's Ghouta faces 'complete catastrophe' (2:04)
The stalemated fighting turned in Assad's favour in late 2015 after Russia deployed air power and logistical support for its Syrian ally.
Putin announced a limited withdrawal from Syria during a surprise visit to a Russian airbase in Latakia on Wednesday.
Separate talks are taking place at the moment outside the UN effort, Al Jazeera's Chater said, including between senior Assad loyalists and the Syrian opposition in an attempt to revive negotiations.
The Syrian delegation has also accepted an invitation to talks in the southern Russian resort town of Sochi, expected to be held in February.
Some observers held out hope that Syrian government representatives would meet the opposition face-to-face in Sochi - instead of back-and-forth proposals through the UN mediator.
However, Jaafari ruled that out on Thursday.
"We are politicians; we don't work in science fiction," he said.
Is the war in Syria really almost over?
Syria's Civil War


text:
Demetrius Jackson Returning To Notre Dame
April 13th 2015 at 4:16pm CST by Chuck Myron
Notre Dame sophomore point guard Demetrius Jackson is passing up a strong chance to become a late first-round pick this year, as he tells Jeff Goodman of ESPN.com that he's returning to school for next season (Twitter link). Jonathan Givony of DraftExpress lists Jackson as the 27th-best prospect, while Chad Ford of ESPN.com has him 29th.
The 6'1″ Jackson took on a more prominent role than he had as a freshman and averaged 12.4 points, 3.1 assists and 1.5 turnovers in 34.7 minutes per game for the Irish this season. He also chipped in 3.6 rebounds per contest, impressive considering his height, and he's a 42.5% three-point shooter for his college career.
Jackson posted one of his four games of 20 points or more this season against Wichita State and its backcourt of pro prospects in the NCAA Tournament Sweet 16, nailing four of his five three-point attempts. He followed that up with just two points against Kentucky and its seven draft-bound players. Ford lists shooting as an area perhaps in need of improvement for Jackson, in spite of his strong numbers from behind the arc, and while he does have a nearly 6'5″ wingspan, he'd ideally have more size, Ford also writes in his profile.
Demetrius Jackson


UtahSportsmen.com • View topic - Has anyone here seen an alien or an UFO for real?
But I have an elderly distant family member, a teacher lady far from sci-fi or supernatural realm, who spoke to us very privately of an experience back in the '90s of an UFO sighting, and never went out of family with it being afraid of ridicule.
There are a lot of us here, various backgrounds and age and observation opportunities. All anonymous. CMDR XYZ. No one will investigate you, make reports for your employers or superiors, it won't affect your promotion nor will question your sanity.
So, does anyone here have a real life UFO/alien story?
Re: Has anyone here seen an alien or an UFO for real?
No, but AI machines are rising up, and they are more dangerous than UFO'S.


Firestop understand your business. Our consultants and engineers have vast experience in a range of sectors and are able to provide fire, safety and electrical services and consultancy with a realistic approach.
We provide a practical solution to ensure your business is compliant with current legislation within the constraints of your budget.
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Our personal approach means we work with you to meet the safety requirements in a challenging and constantly changing environment.


text:
Partnership agreement signed between the UK and the Global Fund in Mozambique
MAPUTO - Today the Global Fund for Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria agreed a new partnership with the UK Department for International Development (DFID) which will strengthen joint working between the two organizations.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the UK Department of International Development have agreed to appoint a Health and HIV/AIDS Adviser to step up advice, monitoring and liaison between DFID, the Global Fund and Mozambican health authorities. The collaboration will ensure that the Global Fund, as a major financier of the health sector of Mozambique, is kept informed and can provide policy inputs whilst having no staff of its own present in the country.
Mauricio Cysne, Global Fund portfolio manager said "t his partnership promises to be a very efficient way to work. With this collaboration, the Global Fund will be able to monitor progress, be quickly informed about problems. Together, DFID and the Global Fund can engage in key policy developments – such as the debate about how to scale up access to HIV prevention and treatment services in Mozambique.
The position will be fully funded by DFID and report to the Head of Office of DFID Mozambique, but will work in close consultation with grant management staff of the Global Fund. The Adviser will function as a focal point for Global Fund partners in Mozambique, while management of the Global Fund grants will continue to be the full responsibility of Global Fund staff in Geneva.
The Global Fund provides funding directly to the health sector in Mozambique through a multi-donor financing mechanism, or common fund, of which DFID is also a member. Policy dialogue will take place through the multi-donor working group. Providing funding and technical advice through these channels helps to strengthen national planning and coordination and reduces administrative burden.
The Global Fund in Mozambique
The Global Fund is a unique global public-private partnership dedicated to attracting and disbursing additional resources to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The Global Fund has so far committed US$4.9 billion to 385 programs in 130 countries. Around half of the funding is being spent on medicines, mosquito nets to prevent malaria and other products, while the other half is for strengthening health services.
The Global Fund has awarded four grants to Mozambique, with a combined commitment of US$51 million over two years. The total five year value of these grants is US$153 million. The Global Fund assesses results of its grants after two years, and continued funding for the remaining three year period of the grants depends on the extent to which the grants have met their agreed targets. Management of the Global Fund grants will continue to be the full responsibility of Global Fund staff in Geneva.
DFID in Mozambique
DFID Mozambique has an annual budget of about $100 million making it one of the largest donors in Mozambique. It has had a country office in the capital, Maputo, since 2001.
DFID Mozambique provides technical advice and funding in the areas of governance, education, health, HIV & AIDS and infrastructure. $60 million of DFID's annual budget is provided directly to the budget of the Government of Mozambique as budget support to be spent on priority areas for poverty reduction, as set out in the PARPA II (Mozambique's poverty reduction strategy). Health is one of these priority areas, accounting for about 12% of the Government of Mozambique's annual spend.
DFID is among the largest bilateral donors to the common funds within the Ministry of Health and the National AIDS Council of Mozambique (CNCS). DFID will provide multi-year commitments the health and CNCS common funds for 3-5 years of between $8m - $10 m per year.
DFID support to the Global Fund
Globally, the UK has committed £359 million to the Global Fund (2002–2008) including £100 million pledged to the Fund for 2006 and £100 million for 2007 at the Replenishment Conference (September 2005). This represents a doubling of its previous pledge for these 2 years. The £200 million amounted to 8.4% of the total pledged for this period (and 5.1% of the US$ 7 billion needed).
The Uion, tuberculosis programs have detected and treated more than one million TB cases through DOTS (Directly Observed Short Course Treatment).


text:
Robert John Gregg (July 2, 1912, Larne, County Antrim, Ireland – November 15, 1998, Vancouver, BC, Canada), known as Bob Gregg or R. J. Gregg, was a linguist, a pioneer of the academic study of Ulster-Scots as well as a linguistic authority on Canadian English.

Personal and early childhood

Robert John Gregg, the second child and eldest son of Thomas Gregg and Margaret McDowell, was born July 2, 1912 in a house on Glenarm Road in Larne, County Antrim, Ireland.  In 1905, his grandfather George Gregg, and his family, arrived in Larne from the Clough area of Co Antrim.  George Gregg & Sons operated a road contracting business, and many of the roads in and around Larne were built by the Gregg Company .  The McDowell family came from the Glynn/Gleno area of Larne.
From a young age, Gregg was interested in linguistics. He grew up around the "urban modified English" in Larne. However, he and his brother frequently holidayed at the countryside with his mother's relatives. In the more rural areas he discovered the Ulster-Scots language. He stated in his M.A. dissertation that his 'linguistic curiosity was early aroused by the sharp contrasts' between the two language varieties, and 'these bilingual comparisons have always been discussed with interest in my own family, and with the help in particular of my mother and my brother'. By his teenage years, he began collecting linguistic material. By 1930, he was already writing down his own notes regarding his research on linguistics.
He later married his wife Millicent, known also as "Penny," (née Bowman). With her, he had three sons and a daughter.  They moved with him to Vancouver, BC, Canada in 1954.

Education

Gregg began his education at Larne Grammar School. It was here where he, as a teenager, began to notice the striking differences between the urban modified English taught and practiced there with the speech of some of his classmates, which included a cousin, who were from the rural areas. After graduating from Larne Grammar School, he attended Queen's University, Belfast. He graduated from Queen's in 1933 with a B.A. (Honours) degree that mainly focused on French and German and somewhat focused on Spanish.  He then studied in pre-war Germany, where he experienced the effects of fascism first hand. Subsequently, his M.A. was also taken at Queen's University. His dissertation, presented May 1953, was on the historical phonology of the East Antrim Ulster-Scots

Between 1933 and the culmination of his Master's studies, he also studied Latin and Spanish. He passed his examinations in Intermediate Latin in 1948 and took a B.A. in Spanish, both at the University of London. From 1960 to 1963 he worked on his doctorate at the University of Edinburgh, where  he studied "The Boundaries of the Scotch-Irish Dialects in Ulster."

Career

Gregg began his teaching career as a Senior Modern Languages Master at Regent House School, Newtownards, in 1934. He taught as Head of the Modern Languages Department and Senior Master at Belfast Mercantile College from 1939 to 1954. He Immigrated to Canada in 1954 and was appointed Assistant Professor of French at the University of British Columbia in January 1955. Later, he become a Professor in the Department of Linguistics in 1969, and subsequently became the Head of that Department from 1972 to 1980. After he retired from teaching, he set up the first language laboratory in Canada at the University of British Columbia.

For a time he was co-editor with John Braidwood of the Ulster Dialect Dictionary project. This project was put on hold and Gregg went on to other things.  In 1989, the Department of Education in Northern Ireland commissioned the Concise Ulster Dictionary and Gregg was enlisted as a consultant and editor through 1994. This Dictionary made its appearance in 1996.

Gregg was a member of the Canadian Linguistic Association. In 1957 the Association established a Lexicographical committee, whose goal was the creation of three dictionaries. Out of this committee came the Gage Dictionary of Canadian English, of which he was a co-editor. This dictionary was a compilation of three smaller dictionaries - The Intermediate Dictionary (1963), The Beginning Dictionary (1962), and The Senior Dictionary(1967) – and "A Dictionary of Canadianism on Historical Principles. Gregg was responsible for The Senior Dictionary.  This dictionary was first published in 1967 in Vancouver, BC, just in time for the Canadian Centennial.

He helped preserve the Mount Currie (British Columbia) language and Sechelt language in written form in the 1960s after the elders died.

Main research areas and influence

Ulster Scots
Gregg was keen on researching the Ulster-Scots language and dedicated much of his research time on linguistic analysis and the application of his research. His work was quite extensive and widely published. See the Publications list for more information on his publications.
While on sabbatical from UBC in 1960, Gregg travelled back to Ulster and participated in the conference inaugurating the Ulster Dialect Archive at the Ulster Folk Museum (now the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum) in 1960. From 1960 to 1963, he also finished his doctoral fieldwork. He travelled throughout the Ulster countryside and interviewed older traditional speakers.  This fieldwork culminated in a widely revered map with precise detail on the geographical boundaries of the Ulster-Scots language. "He was the first to demonstrate that Ulster-Scots was spoken in the eastern part of County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland and was thus international."  This map is still used today, although some more recent work has shown that there are areas, such as south-west Tyrone, that have Ulster Scots characteristics even though they were not categorised as Ulster Scots by Gregg.

Ulster-Scots orthography
Also starting in the 1960s, Gregg began to devise an orthography for Ulster-Scots. This orthography was based on Gregg's extensive fieldwork in the province. "In this process he produced transcriptions of local Ulster-Scots texts, or in some cases Ulster-Scots versions of English texts, to test and demonstrate various conventions." Near the end of his life shared his work with the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum's Concise Ulster Dictionary project, which ran from 1989–96. He was also hopeful that the new Ulster-Scots Language Society and Ulster-Scots Academy (created in 1994) would find his work useful for the Academy's language development work.

Canadian English

In 1957, Gregg made a phonological assessment of Vancouver, BC, speech in 1957. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Gregg conducted a survey of southern British Columbia English. The results were not published, but can be found in two M.A. theses.

Survey of Vancouver English, 1976-1984
In 1976, Gregg and a team of students, featuring Margaret Murdoch, Gaelan Dodds de Wolf, and Erika Hasebe-Ludt, embarked on a major project surveying the English spoken by native English speakers born in Vancouver, BC, Canada. It began with a small preliminary survey from 1976 to 1978 of 60 individuals. This survey was then incorporated with the larger Survey of Vancouver English that ran from 1978 to 1984. The larger survey included the individuals from the preliminary survey as well as 240 other individuals. After its completion, it was a primary informant for de Wolf's study comparing English in Vancouver with that of English in Ottawa. The survey was funded by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and other foundations.

Awards and recognition
Named Honorary President of the Ulster-Scots Language Society in his later years.

Bibliography
Source: "The Academic Study of Ulster-Scots" edited by Anne Smyth, Michael Montgomery, and Philip Robinson.

Ulster-Scots
'The Ulster Dialect Dictionary: Belfast Field Club's New Project', Ulster Education (September 1951), 24–25.
'Dialect Detective: On the Trail of "a desperate coulrife crater'", Ireland's Saturday Night (13 June 1953).
'Notes on the Phonology of a Co. Antrim Scotch-Irish Dialect, Part I: Synchronic', Orbis 7 (1958), 392–406.
Review of P. L. Henry's An Anglo-Irish Dialect of North Roscommon in Orbis 7 (1958), 582–584.
'Notes on the Phonology of a Co. Antrim Scotch-Irish Dialect, Part II: Diachronic', Orbis 8 (1959), 400–424.
Review of P. L. Henry's 'A Linguistic Survey of Ireland: Preliminary Report' in Orbis 9 (1960), 566–567.
'The Boundaries of the Scotch-Irish Dialects in Ulster' (Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1963).
'Scotch-Irish Urban Speech in Ulster' in G. Brendan Adams (ed.), Ulster Dialects: an Introductory Symposium (Holywood: Ulster Folk Museum, 1964), 163–192.
'Linguistic Change Observed: Three Types of Phonological Change in the Scotch-Irish Dialects' in André Rigault and René Charbonneau (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Held at the University of Montreal and McGill University 22–28 August 1971 (The Hague/Paris: Mouton, 1972), 722–724.
'The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster' in Martyn Wakelin (ed.), Patterns in the Folk Speech of the British Isles (London: Athlone, 1972), 109–139.
'The Distribution of Raised and Lowered Diphthongs as Reflexes of M.E. ī in Two Scotch-Irish Dialects' in W. U. Dressler and F. V. Mareš (eds.), Phonologica: Akten der 2 Internationalen Phonologie-Tagung 1972 (Vienna/Munich: Fink, 1975), 101–105.
'Dialect Mixture in Scotch-Irish Urban Speech', Northern Ireland Speech and Language Forum Journal 2 (1976), 35–37.
'The Feature "Dentality" as a Sociolinguistic Marker in Anglo-Irish Dialects' in 'Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences' at Leeds, 1975 (unpublished).Canadian English
The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in the Province of Ulster ([Port Credit, Ontario, Canadian Federation for the Humanities], 1985).
Review article on Peter Trudgill (ed.), Language in the British Isles (Cambridge University Press, 1984) in Language and Society (1987), 245–251.
(with Michael Montgomery) 'The Scots Language in Ulster' in Charles Jones (ed.), The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language (Edinburgh University Press, 1997), 569–622.

Canadian English

'Notes on the Pronunciation of Canadian English as Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.', Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 3 (March 1957), 20–26.
'Neutralisation and Fusion of Vocalic Phonemes in Canadian English as Spoken in the Vancouver Area', Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 3 (October 1957), 78–83.
(ed., with W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill) Dictionary of Canadian English: The Beginning Dictionary (Toronto: W. J. Gage Ltd., 1962).
'Canadian Lexicography' (review of J. P. Vinay et al., Le Dictionnaire Canadien [Université de Montréal: McClelland & Stewart]), Canadian Literature 14 (Autumn 1962), 68–71.
(ed., with W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill) Dictionary of Canadian English: The Intermediate Dictionary (Toronto: W. J. Gage Ltd., 1963).
(ed., with W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill) Dictionary of Canadian English: The Senior Dictionary (Toronto: W. J. Gage Ltd., 1967).
'The Phonology of Canadian English as Spoken in the Area of Vancouver, British Columbia' in Ronald H. Southerland (ed.), Readings on Language in Canada (Calgary: Dept. of Linguistics, University of Calgary, 1972), 34-54 [reprint of 'Notes on the Pronunciation of Canadian English as Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.', JCLA 3 (March 1957) (q.v.) and 'Neutralisation and Fusion of Vocalic Phonemes in Canadian English as Spoken in the Vancouver Area', JCLA 3 (October 1957) (q.v.)]. Further editions: 1973 and 1974.
(ed., with W. S. Avis et al.), The Gage Canadian Dictionary (Toronto: Gage Educational Pub., 1973).
'The Phonology of Canadian English as Spoken in the Area of Vancouver, B.C.' in J. K. Chambers (ed.), Canadian English: Origins and *Structures (Toronto: Methuen, 1975), 133-144 [reprint of 'Notes on the Pronunciation of Canadian English as Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.', JCLA 3 (March 1957) (q.v.) and 'Neutralisation and Fusion of Vocalic Phonemes in Canadian English as Spoken in the Vancouver Area', JCLA 3 (October 1957) (q.v.)].
(ed., with W. S. Avis et al.), Canadian Junior Dictionary (Agincourt, Ont.: Gage Educational Pub., 1976).
(ed., with W. S. Avis et al.), Dictionary of Canadian English (Vol. 3) revised edition (Toronto: Gage Educational Pub., 1973).
(with W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill) The Canadian Intermediate Dictionary revised edition (Toronto: Gage Pub., 1979).
'An Urban Dialect Survey of the English Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.: General Background to the Survey of Vancouver English (SVEN)', H. J. Warkentyne (ed.), Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology (Victoria, B.C.: University of Victoria, 1981), 41–47.
'Canadian English' in Y. Matsumura (ed. and trans. into Japanese), Varieties of English, Commonwealth English Series (Himeji, Japan, 1981).
'Local Lexical Items in the Sociodialectical Survey of Vancouver English', Canadian Journal of Linguistics 28:1, 17–23.
(with W. S. Avis and M. H. Scargill) The Gage Canadian Dictionary revised edition (Toronto: Gage Pub. Co., 1984).
Final Report to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada on 'An Urban Dialect Survey of the English Spoken in Vancouver' (SVEN) (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1984).
'The Vancouver Survey: Grammatical Usage', H. J. Warkentyne (ed.), Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology (Victoria, B.C.: University of Victoria, 1985), 179–184.
(with M. H. Scargill) The Gage Junior Dictionary revised edition (Toronto: Gage Educational Pub., 1985).
'The Standard and Where We Stand Now' in W. C. Lougheed (ed.), In Search of the Standard in Canadian English, Occasional Papers of the Strathy Language Unit, Queen's University, No. 1 (Kingston, Ont.: Strathy Language Unit, 1986), 157–168.
'The Study of Linguistic Change in the Survey of Vancouver English' in A. Thomas (ed.), Methods in Dialectology (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology) (Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters, 1987), 434–441.
'La lexicographie de l'anglais canadien', Revue québécoise de linguistique 18:1 (1989), 151–187.
'The Survival of Local Lexical Items as Specific Markers in Vancouver English' in R. Bosteels, L. Isebaert and P. Swiggers (eds.) Orbis 34 (1991), 231–241.
'The Survey of Vancouver English', American Speech 67:3 (1992), 250–267.
'Canadian English Lexicography' in Sandra Clarke (ed.), Focus on Canada (Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1993), 27-44 [published as G11 of the series Varieties of English Around the World.]
'The Survival of Local Lexical Items as Specific Markers in Vancouver English' in William A. Kretzschmar (ed.), Journal of English Linguistics: Essays in Memory of Harold B. Allen 23:1&2 (1990-1995), 184–194.

Canadian and Scots-Irish
'The Diphthongs [əi] and [aı] in Scottish, Scotch-Irish and Canadian English', Canadian Journal of Linguistics 18 (1973), 136–145.
'Irish English' and 'Canadian English' in Collins Dictionary of the English Language (London: Collins, 1979), xxvi-xxvii.

Other languages
Introduction to the Pronunciation of French, with Phonetic Texts (Vancouver: U.B.C., 1957).
(with J. G. Andison) Second Year University French: A Correspondence Course (Vancouver: U.B.C., 1957).
A Students' Manual of French Pronunciation (Toronto: The MacMillan Co. of Canada Ltd., 1960).
Review of Jean C. Batt's 'French Pronunciation and Diction' in Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 6:1 (March 1960), 69–71.
'The Greeks had a Word for it' in M. H. Scargill and P. G. Penner (eds.), Looking at Language (Toronto: W. J. Gage Ltd., 1966), 40–53.
'The Indo-European Language Family' in M. H. Scargill (ed.), Introductory Essays in Linguistics (Victoria, 1967), 166–189.
(with Evangeline Tan) 'The Phonology of Tausug', Le Maître Phonétique 132 (1969), 37–39.
(with Norma Olaya) 'The Phonology of Ilokano', Le Maître Phonétique 132 (1969), 39–41.
'The Linguistic Survey of British Columbia: The Kootenay Region' in Regna Darnell (ed.), Canadian Languages in Their Social Context (Edmonton: Linguistic Research, 1973), 105–116.

References

Canadian English
Ulster Scots people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The primary goal of this research is to give solid foundations for manipulation of shape and motion on computer. The advent of new devices such as head mount displays and touch panels has changed drastically the way humans and computers interact. We aim at developping a theory and algorithms for shape and motion which enable intuitive use of computers.


A front room in your own home is the first room anybody views when he enters. There are lots of inspiring living room designs. Crisp whites combined with punches of shiny colors instantly transport you to the coast. Trendy inside design prefers sharpness. Download it now You'll get a few of the finest interior design inspiration you could find.
This works particularly properly in open-plan residing areas, helping to zone the relief space from the thoroughfares or eating, cooking and research areas. Summing up, mild determines how people really feel when spending time in a room. Use architectural details, like the cedar ceiling beams on this room, to help visually divide and outline the rooms within the open area of an incredible room.
Sticking to a theme throughout a room is usually advised, and while a statement item is a superb option to high the space off, clashing is strictly off limits. The curtains are in Scalamandré's Savanna silk mix, and the plaster partitions have been custom tinted to resemble the within of a seashell.
Here, the dining chair upholstery is repeated in accent pillows on the lounge sofa. Brief items, like this tufted couch, hold an open ground plan cozy. You do not have to surrender fashion even in your excessive-traffic front room. How to adorn a room easily: Though you need a component of creativity when decorating a room, remember that this house needs to slot in with the rest of the home.
In the event that they share the same vibrancy and coloration temperature, they'll look good collectively. Place the front legs of sofas and chairs on the rug, leaving the back legs off, to provide mismatched furniture a more unified feel. The family room can also be vaulted to disclose the loft area above―one more means of providing extra volume to a relatively modest space.
This entry was posted in Living room. Tagged beautiful, design.


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text:
angular.module('calc').directive('displayCalc', ['calcService', function(calc, $scope){
    'use strict';

    return {
    	link: function (scope, element, attr) {
    		scope.setType = function() {
        		if(scope.type == calc.SIMPLE) {
        			 scope.type = calc.ADVANCED;
        		}
        		else if(scope.type == calc.ADVANCED || scope.type == undefined) {
        		    scope.type = calc.SIMPLE;
        		}

        		scope.keys = calc.setType(scope.type);
        	}
        	scope.keyClicked = function(key){
        		var data = calc.enterKey(key);
        		scope.result = resToStr(data.result);
        		scope.storage = data.storage;
        		setSize();
        	}

        	function setSize() {
        		scope.middle_size = resToStr(scope.result).length > 16;
        		scope.small_size = resToStr(scope.result).length > 21;
        	}
        	function resToStr(res) {
        		return res + '';
        	}

        	scope.setType();
    	},
    	restrict: "AE",
        templateUrl: 'patterns/simple.html'
    }
}]);


If you are looking for plumbing services in Powell, then look no further. We offer a plethora of Powell plumbing services that includes installations of plumbing fixtures, repairs and replacement, cleaning and maintenance of the entire plumbing infrastructure as well as emergency services.
Our holistic Powell plumbing services include consultations prior to choosing the best plumbing systems. We can help you with traditional plumbing fixtures and green plumbing solutions. Once you choose the solutions, we can attend to their installations. Our repairs are usually charged a flat fee and we can fix the problems in your plumbing infrastructure right then and there. We have an emergency response system wherein you can give us a call and a team of experts will be at your address, usually within an hour. We also attend to extensive cleaning, seasonal or scheduled maintenance and we can cater to partial or complete replacement of one or all your plumbing systems.
Here is a glimpse of our plumbing services in Powell.
We strictly believe that purchasing the best plumbing systems and maintaining them well can easily avert most plumbing problems. Timely cleaning, appropriate ways of using and servicing of the systems once or twice a year would go a long way in averting unnecessary repairs and the need for replacement. Bearing that in mind, we offer a holistic plumbing solution for the following fixtures.
We specialize in drainage, from cleaning to repairing, replacing to preventive repairs that can make maintenance simpler and avert potential problems such as clogging and sewage backing up.
We specialize in tankless and traditional water heaters. We can help you choose the best water heaters, to save money on energy consumption and whenever there is any problem, from leaks to reduced water pressure, we can resolve it.
Our emergency plumbing services cover everything from water lines to gas leak detection and repairs, burst pipes to leaky faucets, clogged drains to running toilets, any type of leak repair and attending to sewer lines.
We also specialize in green plumbing that wouldn't just save you on your water bills but would also ensure that your plumbing choices have minimal to no impact on the environment.
Our forte includes garbage disposal, installation and repairs of water filters, sump pumps, frozen pipes and cleaning the plumbing infrastructure including the drains and gutters of dangerous substances, toxic chemicals, and other hazardous materials.
Call on our professionals for any sort of work you might need with. You can be sure that our experienced, licensed professionals are going to have the ability to help with anything.


text:
Q: ruby trie implementation reference issue I am trying to implement a trie in Ruby but can't figure out what the problem is with my print + collect methods.
I just implemented the same in JS and working fine. I guess the issue could be that Ruby is passed by reference (unlike JS) and how variable assignment works in Ruby.
So if I run the code with string.clone as argument when I recursively call the collect function then I get:
["peter", "peter", "petera", "pdanny", "pdjane", "pdjanck"]

and if I pass string then:
["peterradannyjaneck", "peterradannyjaneck", "peterradannyjaneck", "peterradannyjaneck", "peterradannyjaneck", "peterradannyjaneck"]

Any ideas how to fix this?
the code:
class Node
  attr_accessor :hash, :end_node, :data

  def initialize
    @hash = {}
    @end_node = false
    @data = data
  end

  def end_node?
    end_node
  end
end

class Trie
  def initialize
    @root = Node.new
    @words = []
  end

  def add(input, data, node = @root)
    if input.empty?
      node.data = data
      node.end_node = true
    elsif node.hash.keys.include?(input[0])
      add(input[1..-1], data, node.hash[input[0]])
    else
      node.hash[input[0]] = Node.new
      add(input[1..-1], data, node.hash[input[0]])
    end
  end

  def print(node = @root)
    collect(node, '')
    @words
  end

  private

  def collect(node, string)
    if node.hash.size > 0
      for letter in node.hash.keys
        string = string.concat(letter)
        collect(node.hash[letter], string.clone)
      end

      @words << string if node.end_node?
    else
      string.length > 0 ? @words << string : nil
    end
  end
end

trie = Trie.new
trie.add('peter', date: '1988-02-26')
trie.add('petra', date: '1977-02-12')
trie.add('danny', date: '1998-04-21')
trie.add('jane', date: '1985-05-08')
trie.add('jack', date: '1994-11-04')
trie.add('pete', date: '1977-12-18')
print trie.print

A: Ruby's string concat mutates the string and doesn't return a new string. You may want the + operator instead. So basically change the 2 lines inside collect's for-loop as per below:
stringn = string + letter
collect(node.hash[letter], stringn)

Also, you probably want to either always initialize @words to empty in print before calling collect, or make it a local variable in print and pass it to collect.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


One easy way to make something more abstract is to change the color scheme (and then simplify)(at least, that's the way I understand the process).
I started thinking this would be brown fabric with blue stitching again, but that dusty purple just called out to me, so I stitched the river (from the back) using perle cotton through the bobbin. The colors in the edges of the river still have a speaking relationship with the real world. I think for the next one I might go whole-hog otherworldly. There are some colors sitting in my room that I don't get to use often enough in landscapes.
Or, I might have to incorporate those colors in more of the landscape work I'm doing.


This book attempts to set communicable diseases and the efforts to control them in a social and historical context. The primary focus is on England with its particular history, culture and traditions. The timescale covered is extensive and ambitious, and the many strands that came together in the nineteenth century to form the English public health service are clearly highlighted. However the main emphasis of the narrative is on developments from the Second World War onwards, in some of which the author has had a degree of personal involvement as a schoolchild, medical student, hospital doctor, Army doctor and public health physician.
The work as a whole reveals the persisting nature of communicable diseases throughout history and strongly argues that, although the relevant importance of individual infections may vary over time, man's struggle against the microbiological world can never be relaxed. How England has been affected is described in detail and evidence is put forward to suggest that complacency (or at least misjudgement) concerning the ever-present risks of emerging and re-emerging infections, led unwisely to the dismantling in 1974 of its established arrangements for their control, along with the subsequent need, frequently repeated, to create new structures for this purpose.
This book will appeal strongly to all students and practitioners of public health along with those interested in English social history.


text:
Omar Sy () este un actor și comedian francez. Acesta este cunoscut pentru rolurile sale din X-Men: Days of Future Past, Jurassic World și Transformers: The Last Knight. Tatăl său este din Senegal, iar mama din Mauritania. Are origini Fulani. Este musulman.

Note

Nașteri în 1978
Nașteri pe 20 ianuarie
Actori francezi


text:
El Jícaro could mean either of the following geographical locations:

El Jícaro, El Progreso, Guatemala
El Jícaro, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua
El Jícaro, Veracruz, Mexico
El Jícaro, Texiguat, El Paraiso, Honduras. Its geographical coordinates are 13° 42' 19" North, 87° 0' 34" West.
El Jícaro (river), El Salvador


text:
more albums »
Discography is not available.
CBS Sports Radio Hawai'i
CBS Sports Radio (KHKA-AM) is the Hawai'i home of the San Francisco Giants and 49ers. In addition, the station carries select New York Yankees and NFL games, Hawaii high school sports, select University of Hawaii games and more! The station simulcasts Hawaii News Now weekdays at 5 a.m. - 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. - 6 p.m.
Station links
CBS Sports Hawaii
ESPN Honolulu
ScoringLive
University of Hawaii Athletics
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Streaming service and player provided by Triton Digital.
Portions of Content provided by Last.fm. ©2022 Last.fm Ltd.
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text:
Q: jquery focusout == submit How could I tell if the focusout event occured due to an enter press = form submit or just because of clicking away? The event data which goes to the console is of type "focusout" and has no relevant information
$(".clientrow[clientid="+clientid+"] td."+fieldname+"").bind("focusout", function(event){
    console.log(event);
    setTimeout(function() {
        if (!event.delegateTarget.contains(document.activeElement)) {
            $(".clientrow[clientid="+clientid+"] td."+fieldname+"").html(
                    $(".clientrow[clientid="+clientid+"] td."+fieldname+" input[type=text]").val()
                );
            }
        }, 0);
    });

A: Edit: As Oriol pointed in the comments, this will not work in Mozilla. If you are looking only for webkit browsers, you can try this approach. But as a generic solution, try binding an event on submit button and consecutively set a flag which identifies the element. Based on the element, you can detect whether it's an actual blur or not.
You can look out for relatedTarget property in the event.
Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/GCu2D/782/
JS:
$(document).ready(function () {
    $("input").on("blur", function (e) {
        console.log(e);
        if (e.relatedTarget) {
            console.log("Because of button");
        } else {
            console.log("Just a blur")
        }
    });
});

HTML:
<form>
    <input type="text" />
    <button type="button">Submit</button>
</form>

You'll have to replace the focusout with blur event. When the blur is due to a click on a button, the relatedTarget property will have button as value but in other cases it will be null.


text:
Sports Lists
Floyd Mayweather Allegedly Placed a Cool $5.9 Million on Miami Heat in Game 7
Gabe Zaldivar@gabezalTwitter LogoPop Culture Lead WriterJune 3, 2013
Floyd Mayweather isn't at all concerned about the Miami Heat's struggles in Game 6 against the Pacers, because he is apparently betting on LeBron James and company covering big time Monday night.
Vegas Gambling Steam tweeted out that a source has the star boxer betting a large sum that the Heat will cover the mammoth spread for Game 7.
Of course, we may not know for sure whether Money May plunked down a hefty sum unless the Heat win big in what is sure to be a raucous conclusion to the series. The boxer, who is undefeated in the ring, likes to show off his seemingly impeccable betting record any chance he gets.
Grantland's Dermot Hunt did a great job breaking down a nearly flawless run for Mayweather at the sportsbook in an article posted in September 2012.
At that time, the boxer had "tweeted photographs of 46 betting slips, totaling $3,890,833 worth of bets, and every single one of them was a winner, netting the fighter a cool $3,938,722 (and 87 cents) in winnings on those bets."
While the article goes on to say Mayweather may not be as flawless in the Vegas sportsbook as he has been in the ring, it's clear he loves to keep up the persona of perfection, especially when it comes to throwing mountains of cash at the latest Vegas line.
The Miami Heat are coming off a humbling 91-77 loss in Indiana on Saturday, one that takes them to the brink of elimination. Still, the line reflects a team that was 37-4 at home during the regular season—and one that hasn't lost two games in a row since Jan. 8 and 10.
With an alleged sum of close to $6 million on the game, Mayweather may be the Heat's biggest fan Monday night. Still, he will be just fine if things go south for Miami against the Pacers, because Celebrity Networth puts Mayweather's net worth at about $140 million.
If you are looking for confirmation that Money May actually bet this ridiculous amount on a huge game, you'd better hope the Heat pull off a big win. Otherwise, Mayweather may just burn that losing ticket as if it were a $100 bill.
Hit me up on Twitter for more sports madness: Follow @gabezal


The two EPC SEPA Direct Debit schemes offer consumers and businesses a convenient and secure means of paying bills. They are used to facilitate over 20 billion transactions every year in SEPA.
) have many advantages for consumers: by automating the transaction, consumers avoid the risk of missing a payment deadline and of being charged additional fees for late payments, or suffering from an interruption of service.
schemes truly facilitate trade across Europe and contribute to the goals of the single market.
To pay his monthly electricity bill, Simon completes the direct debit mandate provided by his power company.
The EPC has created two SDD schemes: one designed primarily for consumers (SDD Core), one exclusively for businesses (SDD B2B).
In both schemes, the biller requests money from the payer with their prior approval and the sum is credited to the biller's account. To consent to the debit from their account, the payer has to sign a mandate prepared by the biller and issued in either paper or electronic format.
schemes, it is the biller who is responsible for storing the original mandate (and any information regarding changes in the mandate or its cancellation). This situation, where the biller is responsible for the mandate, is called the 'creditor-driven mandate flow'.
SDDs can be used for a one-off transaction and for recurring payments (for example, monthly electricity bills).
can still return the transaction for specific reasons.
During the eight weeks following the direct debit date, the payer has the possibility of requesting a refund without having to provide any justifications. This is the right to a 'no-questions-asked' refund.
If the transaction was unauthorised (i.e. the collection does not relate to the signed mandate), the payer can ask for a refund up to 13 months after the direct debit.
of the payer then checks the first and subsequent collections against the stored mandate data and the related verification instructions received from the payer. Further information about the confirmation requirements and operational implementation is available in the EPC Clarification paper on SDD Core and SDD B2B rulebooks.
of the payer does not perform these mandate control and storage activities. It receives the mandate-related information with the first collection.
On the date agreed with Simon, his account is debited of the agreed amount.
He doesn't have any further action to take to pay his bill!
Thanks to a number of rules, the SDD schemes put security to the fore.
– never by the payer.
collection can be traced back – immediately and unmistakably – to the biller. As a result, any biller collecting SDDs can be rapidly and unequivocally identified.
Core scheme, a refund is possible up to eight weeks after the transaction without supplying any justification; in the case of an unauthorised direct debit, a refund request can be made up to 13 months after the transaction.
correctly apply the reason codes. More information is available in the document Guidance on reason codes for SDD R-transactions.


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