text:
Is Divorce a Solution? Decentralization Effect on Economic Growth in Post-Civil Conflict Countries
Samer Hamati
From the journal Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy
https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2018-0055
Civil conflict is the nation's most important historical event, and it became more frequent in countries already emerged from previous conflicts. High economic growth, as well as other institutional procedures, is key to break this conflict trap. Thus, the current article explores the role decentralization may play to enhance economic growth in post-civil conflict countries. In order to avoid untrue peaceful cases, the article adopted a strict criterion of post-conflict periods, leading to a small dataset. Distinguishing between two forms of decentralization and using two equations with different techniques, the article finds a hampering effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth in countries emerging from civil conflicts, while it finds insignificant mixed effects of political decentralization. These findings support the distinction made between the real de facto decentralization and the official de jure one. They validate the belief that although central authorities in many countries pretend to apply decentralization, they limit its effectiveness by some legal procedures creating "fake" decentralization.
Keywords: civil conflict; decentralization; economic growth; fixed effects; war recurrence
The full and the short samples of political decentralization.
Last year of conflict
First year of peace
Post-Conflict GDP pc growth (%)
Post-Conflict GDP pc growth-average (full peace period)
Serial number of this war in the country
Conflict years
Pre-war year
Wartime combined
Peacetime
Peace period (years)
Sustainable political decentralization
Three consecutive years of peace
Angola 1995 1996 8.03 3.98 1 21 1974 1975–1995 1996–1997 2
Angola 2002 2003 1.58 6.09 2 5 1997 1998–2002 2003–2014 12 1 1
Argentina 1977 1978 −5.90 1.31 1 4 1973 1974–1977 1978–2014 37 1
Azerbaijan 1994 1995 −12.81 0.30 1 3 1991 1992–1994 1995–1996 2
Azerbaijan 1998 1999 6.46 10.05 2 2 1996 1997–1998 1999–2005 7 1
Bangladesh 1991 1992 3.09 3.67 1 17 1974 1975–1991 1992–2014 23 1 1
Bolivia 1967 1968 −13.93 0.80 1 1 1966 1967 1968–2014 47 1
Bosnia 1995 1996 92.36 10.63 1 4 1991 1992–1995 1996–2014 19 1 1
Burundi 2006 2007 1.14 1.26 1 13 1993 1994–2006 2007 1
Burundi 2008 2009 −0.11 0.64 2 1 2007 2008 2009–2014 6 1
Cambodia 1975 1976 3.15 1 9 1966 1967–1975 1976–1977 2
Cambodia 1998 1999 9.22 6.28 2 21 1977 1978–1998 1999–2014 16 1
Cameroon 1961 1962 0.84 0.87 1 2 1960 1961 1962–1983 22 1
Chad 1972 1973 −10.55 −1.59 1 7 1965 1966–1972 1973–1975 3 1
Chad 1984 1985 18.50 2.09 2 9 1975 1976–1984 1985–1986 2
Chad 1987 1988 11.84 0.60 3 2 1985 1986–1987 1988 1
Chad 1994 1995 −2.07 1.76 4 6 1988 1989–1994 1995–1996 2
Chad 2010 2011 −3.19 2.04 6 6 2004 2005–2010 2011–2014 4 1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 1965 1966 3.83 0.03 1 2 1963 1964–1965 1966 1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 1967 1968 1.38 −1.33 2 1 1966 1967 1968–1976 9 1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 1978 1979 −2.34 −4.82 3 2 1976 1977–1978 1979–1995 17 1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 2001 2002 −0.13 2.29 4 6 1995 1996–2001 2002–2005 4 1
Congo, Rep. 1999 2000 4.90 2.84 1 3 1996 1997–1999 2000–2001 2
Congo, Rep. 2002 2003 −1.45 1.85 2 1 2001 2002 2003–2014 12 1
Croatia 1995 1996 10.00 2.58 1 1 1994 1995 1996–2014 19 1 1
Cuba 1960 1961 2.55 1 2 1956* 1957–1958 1959–2014 55
El Salvador 1991 1992 6.14 2.40 1 13 1978 1979–1991 1992–2014 23 1
Ethiopia 2013 2014 7.21 7.21 1 50 1963 1964–2013 2014 1
Georgia 1993 1994 −9.49 5.51 1 2 1991 1992–1993 1994–2014 21 1 1
Guatemala 1995 1996 0.48 1.25 1 30 1965 1966–1995 1996–2014 19 1
India 1960 1961 1.68 1.66 1 4 1955* 1956–1959 1960–1961 2
India 1971 1972 −2.82 3.47 2 10 1961 1962–1971 1972–1981 10 1
India 2010 2011 5.23 5.16 3 29 1981 1982–2010 2011–2014 4 1
Indonesia 1961 1962 −0.75 3.37 1 4 1960 1961 1962–1974 13 1
Indonesia 1988 1989 7.11 3.48 2 13 1975 1976–1988 1989–1996 8 1
Indonesia 2005 2006 4.12 4.35 3 9 1996 1997–2005 2006–2014 9 1 1
Iran 1968 1969 9.93 −0.13 1 2 1966 1967–1968 1969–1978 10 1
Iran 1988 1989 2.88 6.83 2 9 1979 1980–1988 1989 1
Iran 1990 1991 10.40 2.44 3 1 1989 1990 1991–1992 2
Iran 2001 2002 6.11 3.86 5 3 1998 1999–2001 2002–2004 3 1
Iran 2011 2012 −7.76 −3.59 6 7 2004 2005–2011 2012–2014 3 1
Iraq 1970 1971 1.90 4.57 1 9 1961 1962–1970 1971–1972 2
Iraq 1996 1997 17.50 5.30 2 24 1972 1973–1996 1997–2002 6 1
Israel 1996 1997 1.31 1.74 1 47 1949 1950–1996 1997–1999 3 1 1
Israel 2012 2013 1.34 1.08 2 13 1999 2000–2012 2013–2014 2
Laos 1961 1962 1 3 1958* 1959–1961 1962–1963 2
Laos 1973 1974 1.63 2 10 1963 1964–1973 1974–1988 15 1
Laos 1990 1991 1.35 4.88 3 2 1988 1989–1990 1991–2014 14 1
Lebanon 1960 1961 1 1 1957* 1958 1959–1974 16 1
Lebanon 1976 1977 2 2 1974 1975–1976 1977–1981 5 1
Lebanon 1986 1987 −8.66 3 5 1981 1982–1986 1987–1988 2
Lebanon 1990 1991 35.72 3.48 4 2 1988 1989–1990 1991–2014 14 1
Liberia 2003 2004 0.67 3.05 1 4 1998 1999–2002 2003–2014 12 1
Mauritania 1978 1979 1.83 0.63 1 3 1975 1976–1978 1979–2014 36 1
Morocco 1989 1990 0.88 2.51 1 15 1974 1975–1989 1990–2014 25 1
Mozambique 1992 1993 4.45 4.22 1 15 1977 1978–1992 1993–2014 22 1
Myanmar 2011 2012 7.35 1 63 1948* 1949–2011 2012 1
Myanmar 2013 2014 7.58 7.58 2 1 2012 2013 2014 1
Nepal 2006 2007 2.34 3.40 1 11 1995 1996–2006 2007–2014 8 1
Nicaragua 1979 1980 1.63 −3.15 1 3 1976 1977–1979 1980–1981 2
Nicaragua 1990 1991 −2.36 1.88 2 9 1981 1982–1990 1991–2014 14 1
Nigeria 1970 1971 11.61 1.29 1 4 1966 1967–1970 1971–2010 40 1
Pakistan 1971 1972 −1.90 1.16 1 1 1970 1971 1972–1974 3 1
Pakistan 1977 1978 4.73 2.37 2 3 1974 1975–1977 1978–2003 26 1
Pakistan 2004 2005 5.50 1.95 3 1 2003 2004 2005 1
Peru 1999 2000 1.29 4.03 1 18 1981 1982–1999 2000–2006 7 1
Peru 2010 2011 5.07 3.75 2 4 2006 2007–2010 2011–2014 4 1
Rwanda 1994 1995 37.13 8.93 1 5 1989 1990–1994 1995 1
Rwanda 2002 2003 −0.27 4.84 2 7 1995 1996–2002 2003–2008 6 1
Rwanda 2012 2013 2.22 3.35 3 4 2008 2009–2012 2013–2014 2
Senegal 1998 1999 3.81 2.12 1 2 1996 1997–198 1999 1
Senegal 2001 2002 −1.97 0.94 2 2 1999 2000–2001 2002 1
Senegal 2003 2004 3.04 1.04 3 1 2002 2003 2004–2010 7 1 1
Senegal 2011 2012 0.28 0.43 4 1 2010 2011 2012–2014 3 1
Serbia 1991 1992 0.25 1 1 1990 1991 1992–1997 6 1
Serbia 1999 2000 8.10 3.96 2 2 1997 1998–1999 2000–2014 15 1 1
Sierra Leone 2001 2002 20.50 6.05 1 11 1990 1991–2001 2002–2014 13 1
Somalia 1996 1997 1 11 1985 1986–1996 1997–2000 4 1
Somalia 2002 2003 2 2 2000 2001–2002 2003–2005 3 1
South Africa 1988 1989 0.13 0.64 1 23 1965 1966–1988 1989–2014 26
Vietnam 1964 1965 4.83 1 10 1954* 1955-1964 1965–2014 50 1
Sri Lanka 1971 1972 −1.73 3.16 1 1 1970 1971 1972–1983 12 1
Sri Lanka 2001 2002 3.28 3.92 2 18 1983 1984–2001 2002 1
Sri lanka 2003 2004 4.02 4.81 3 1 2002 2003 2004 1
Sri Lanka 2009 2010 6.95 7.25 4 5 2004 2005–2009 2010–2014 5 1
Sudan 1972 1973 −2.41 2.21 1 9 1963 1964–1972 1973–1982 10 1
Syria 1982 1983 −2.11 1.10 1 4 1978 1979–1982 1983–2010 18 1
Tajikistan 1998 1999 2.31 5.71 1 7 1991 1992–1998 1999–2009 11 1
Tajikistan 2011 2012 5.10 4.81 2 2 2009 2010–2011 2012–2014 3 1
Thailand 1982 1983 3.65 4.20 1 9 1973 1974–1982 1983–2002 20 1
Turkey 2013 2014 1.62 1.62 1 20 1993 1994–2013 2014 1
Uganda 1992 1993 4.90 3.97 1 14 1978 1979–1992 1993 1
Yemen 1970 1971 1 9 1961 1962–1970 1971–1978 8 1
Yemen 1982 1983 1.08 2 4 1978 1979–1982 1983–1993 11 1
Yemen 1994 1995 1.29 0.28 3 1 1993 1994 1995–2008 14 1
Zimbabwe 1979 1980 10.37 −0.40 1 7 1972 1973–1979 1980–2014 35 1 1
Timor-Leste 1999 2000 16.66 4.68 2 3 1996 1997–1999 2000–2014 15 1 1
Eritrea 1992 1993 13.81 1.53 1 29 1963 1964–1992 1993–2014 12 1 1
Source: UCDP/PRIO dataset and World Development Indicators (2017).
Since pre-1960 data are not available in the WDI, we use data of 1960 as pre-war data when a cell is indicated with *. 1 in columns12 and 13 means the condition is met. pc stands for per capita. Table 12 describes the variables.
Descriptive Statistics of the stricter sample of political decentralization dataset (4 consecutive years of peace).
Political decentralization
Post-Conflict GDP pc growth (%)a
War period (years)
Post-Conflict GDP pc level (USD)c
Economic damage (%)
Ethnic fractionalizationb
Secondary school enrollmentb
Executive constraintsb
Voice and accountabilityb
61 Cases of post-conflict periods with at least one arrangement of political decentralization
Mean 3.25 7.71 1233 13.38 15.39 0.53 44.71 3.79 −0.68
SD 2.73 7.59 1442 46.62 10.54 0.26 25.88 2.04 0.67
Min −4.37 1 146.8 −66.35 4 0.0023 5.61 1 −1.98
Max 11.46 30 7264 250.9 50 0.91 99.22 7 0.4
50 Cases of post-conflict periods
Mean 3.07 7.8 1155 16.31 15.04 0.54 42.07 3.54 −0.84
SD 2.68 7.44 1272 48.7 11.09 0.27 24.71 2.1 0.67
Min −4.366 1 146.8 −66.35 4 0.0023 5.61 1 −1.98
Max 11.46 30 5189 250.9 50 0.91 99.22 7 0.395
11 Cases of post-conflict periods with no forms of political decentralization
Mean 3.99 7.27 1530 −3.36 17 0.53 57.56 4.9 −0.26
SD 2.93 8.59 2013 29.42 7.79 0.21 29.59 1.5 0.46
Min −0.4045 1 212 −65.28 7 0.045 18.41 3 −1.26
Max 10.63 29 7264 19.77 35 0.8 89.23 7 0.30
Sources: Author's computations based on Table 6.
a means that the value mentioned is an average for the whole PC period; b means that the value mentioned is an average for the first two years in the PC period; c means that the value mentioned is for the first year in the PC period; d means that the value mentioned is an average for the last 3 years in the pre-conflict period; e means that the value mentioned is for the last year in the pre-conflict period. The GDP per capita is measured with constant 2005 USD. pc stands for per capita. Table 12 describes the variables.
Economic growth averages during the conflict circle between the two groups of countries.
Pre conflict
Pre peace
No −1.5 2.9 3.4 2.01 1.99 1.01 1.12 2.65 3.07 3.67 3.32 3.02 2.44 2.94
With 1.5 1.6 1 0.5 0.1 −1.57 −6.8 0.21 13.97 10.14 4.7 4.46 4.48 3.67
Source: Author's computations based on Table 6.
Pre conflict indicates the peaceful period before the conflict erupts. Pre peace indicates conflict years before the peace comes. Peace indicates the peaceful post-conflict period. PD stands for political decentralization. Table 12 describes the variables.
Robustness check for political decentralization equation.
Model PD5
Log of initial GDP pc −0.00755** −0.0762 −0.00631
(0.00365) (0.0768) (0.00525)
Log of capital formation 0.0286 0.249 0.00843
(0.0184) (0.213) (0.0171)
Log of public consumption −0.00852 0.0980 −0.00187
(0.00625) (0.114) (0.0121)
Population growth −0.00828*** −0.0387 −0.00881
Executive constraints −0.00142 0.0182 −1.23e-05
Secondary school enrollment 0.000320** −6.88e-05 0.000373
(0.000137) (0.000567) (0.000223)
Trade openness 0.000170 −0.00343 0.000397**
(0.000102) (0.00337) (0.000165)
Political decentralization 0.00849 −0.00221 −0.0498 0.00242
(0.00845) (0.00430) (0.0560) (0.0135)
Economic damage 6.49e-05 −0.000600 0.000450**
(9.02e-05) (0.000583) (0.000212)
Ethnic fractionalization −0.0142 0.110 −0.0412*
Obs. 57 32 12 20
R2 0.018 0.636 0.976 0.773
RMSE 0.025 0.017 0.011 0.015
Source: Authors' computations based on regressing Equation (1).
The regressions in Models PD5 and PD6 build on an annual unbalanced panel covering 61 cases of post-civil conflict periods in 47 countries and spanning between 1960 and 2014. The regression in Model PD7 builds on a sub-group that includes only the PCCs where the conflict incompatibility concerns controlling over territory, while the regression in Model PD8 builds on a sub-group that includes only the PCCs where the incompatibility concerns controlling over central power. Robust standard errors in parentheses. ***, **, *indicate significance at the 1, 5, and 10%, respectively. pc stands for per capita. Table 12 describes the variables.
Table 10:
Robustness check of fiscal decentralization equation.
Model FD6
Model FD10
Log of capital formation 0.0576** 0.0608*** 0.0310*** 0.229***
(0.0246) (0.0147) (0.00853) (0.0207)
Log of public consumption −0.0458*** −0.0261 −0.0488*** 0.0169
(0.00879) (0.0259) (0.00925) (0.0708)
Population growth −1.756*** −2.779*** −1.540*** −4.178
(0.401) (0.853) (0.345) (3.376)
D. Executive constraints 0.00464 0.00406 0.0222 0.000862
(0.00401) (0.00723) (0.0164) (0.00433)
D. Secondary school enrollment 0.00142 0.000912 0.00336 −0.000807
(0.00242) (0.00157) (0.00402) (0.00212)
Trade openness −0.000472 −0.000703** 5.73e-05 −0.000773
(0.000622) (0.000343) (0.000441) (0.00108)
Fiscal decentralization −0.0150 −0.0351** −0.0485** −0.0279** −0.137**
(0.0142) (0.0162) (0.0218) (0.0108) (0.0451)
Ethnic fractionalization 0.0801
(0.0810)
Economic damage −3.16e-05
(0.000531)
Observations 162 116 101 80 36
Number of wars 17 16 14 9 7
F-test for joint significant of fixed effects 14.27*** 36.41*** 5678.62*** 37.03***
RMSE 0.033 0.03 0.031 0.021
Sigma_u 0.035
Sigma_ε 0.029
Rho 0.59
Wald χ2 1.867
The regressions in Models FD6, FD7, and FD8 build on an annual unbalanced panel covering 61 cases of post-civil conflict periods in 47 countries and spanning between 1960 and 2014. The regression in Model FD9 builds on a sub-group that includes only the PCCs where the conflict incompatibility concerns controlling over territory, while the regression in Model FD10 builds on a sub-group that includes only the PCCs where the incompatibility concerns controlling over central power. Robust standard errors in parentheses. ***, **, *indicate significance at the 1, 5, and 10%, respectively. We estimate Model FD8 using Hausman-Taylor estimator, with expenditure decentralization, economic damage, population growth, and executive constraints are treated as endogenous variables. D. means that we use the first differences for this variable. Description of the variables used is in Table 12.
Between and within components of the standard deviation of our data.
Log of economic growth pc Overall 0.025 0.055
Between 0.026
Within 0.049
Log of economic level pc Overall 6.9 0.99
Log of capital formation Overall 2.985 0.426
Log of public consumption Overall 2.540 0.537
Log of population growth Overall 0.0198 0.011
Executive constraints Overall 0.015 0.557
Trade openness Overall 66.285 32.779
Between 29.689
Within 17.307
Economic damage Overall 6.445 32.444
Within 0
Secondary school enrollment Overall 1.293 2.270
Expenditure decentralization Overall 0.445 0.398
Ethnic fractionalization Overall 0.524 0.247
Within 2.23E-16
Source: Authors' computations.
SD stands for standard deviations. The analysis builds on an annual unbalanced panel covering 61 cases of post-civil conflict periods in 47 countries and spanning between 1960 and 2014. Overall stands for the overall deviation; Between stands for the deviation between countries; Within stands for the overtime deviation within countries. pc stands for per capita. Table 12 describes the variables.
Definitions and sources of the variables used.
Source/Based on
Per capita GDP Growth in Political Decentralization Equation The difference in the log of per capita GDP between the end of the conflict and the end of the PC period % Annual World Bank/WDI
Per capita GDP Growth in Fiscal Decentralization Equation The difference in the log of per capita GDP in two consecutive years % Annual World Bank/WDI
Log of initial GDP pc The logarithmic value of per capita GDP in the first peaceful year constant 2005 USD World Bank/WDI
Political decentralization A dummy variable taking a unitary value if the peace agreement involves at least one form of decentralization 0/1 Uppsala Conflict Data Program/Peace Agreement Dataset
Sustainable political decentralization A dummy variable taking a unitary value if the peace agreement involves at least one form of decentralization and the agreement sustains 0/1 Uppsala Conflict Data Program/Peace Agreement Dataset
Log of capital formation The logarithmic Value of the gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP % of GDP World Bank/WDI
Log of public consumption The logarithmic Value of the governmental current expenditure as a percentage of GDP % of GDP World Bank/WDI
Population growth in political decentralization equation The difference in the log of the population between the end of the conflict and the end of the PC period % Annual World Bank/WDI
Population growth in fiscal decentralization equation The difference in the log of the population in two consecutive years % Annual World Bank/WDI
Executive constraints The extent of institutionalized constraints on the decision-making powers of chief executives, whether individuals or collectivises. Values are expressed in a 7-category scale, ranging from unlimited authority to executive parity or subordination 1–7 Polity IV dataset
Secondary school enrollment The ratio of total secondary enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to that level of education % World Bank/WDI
Trade openness The ratio of exports and imports (in the local currency) to GDP (in the local currency) % World Bank/WDI
Ethnic fractionalization Ethnic fractionalization is measured by the ethnolinguistic fractionalization index. It measures the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from a given country do not belong to the same group. It ranges between 0 and 1. We use the religious fractionalization index when the ethnic index is absent 0–1 Alesina, Devleeschauwer, Easterly, Kurlat, and Wacziarg (2003)
Economic damage The simple GDP change between the beginning and the end of a conflict % of the pre-conflict GDP World Bank/WDI
Expenditure decentralization index It represents the average share of the local expenditures as a percentage of the overall expenditures in a specific country % World Bank/WDI
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Category Archives: She/He Loves DC
Interviews, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
By Rachel Levitin 11:24 am26 Oct 2013
He Loves DC: Ed Cunningham
Photo Courtesy of ESPN
Ed Cunningham grew up playing football at Mount Vernon High School in DC's backyard. His ability to play the game and play it well enabled a successful career as a professional football player and on-air sports analyst. The athleticism he exhibited on the field led Cunningham to a Rose Bowl Championship — that he won — in college before he continued on to spend time in the NFL with the Arizona Cardinals and Seattle Seahawks in the 90′s.
Most recently, Cunningham finds himself working as a college football analyst for ESPN. And this weekend, ESPN is bringing Cunningham back home to call the Clemson at Maryland football game which is scheduled to air at 3:30 p.m. ET this afternoon.
What is it about DC that makes it home to you?
Now that I have lived away for so long, I think it is the accents of the people. There is such a unique way of speaking here, and it always reminds me of being a kid in such a great place.
Tags: Ed Cunningham, espn, he loves dc, She/He Loves DC
By Rachel Levitin 8:00 am25 Sep 2013
He Loves DC: Geoff Grubbs
Photo Courtesy of Geoff Grubbs
She/He Loves DC is a series highlighting the people who love this city just as much as we do.
When he first moved to D.C. in 1972, Geoff Grubbs knew a different town than the one we know today. People were moving out of the city and into to the suburbs and the first section of the Metro was being built. It was — simply put — a different time for the city and for Grubbs himself.
Fast-forward to present day and Grubbs lives and works in D.C. as the owner of a small independent environmental consulting firm but now finds himself on a mission. That mission is to help fund the research that will bring about the next generation of drugs not yet invented to help treat his form of lymphoma. It's this circumstance, he said, that reignited his love for the city in which he lives. Why? The unfortunate circumstances have provided a new perspective, reminding him why he loves living in here and how lucky he is to do so.
I came to DC from west Texas in 1972 for a job I really wanted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Despite my enthusiasm, I was used to wide open spaces and it was hard to adjust to living in the humid and seemingly crowded East.
But I adjusted fast. It took just a motorcycle and some income to figure out that DC was a far more interesting and fun place than anywhere I had ever been.
More than four decades later, I can proudly say that I still love DC. I've made life-long friends and never intend to live anywhere else. DC public schools were great for my kids who are both now grown and thriving. I love the shore, I love hiking in the Shenandoah, I love the people, and most of the time I love the Nationals.
Tags: Geoff Grubbs, he loves dc, She/He Loves DC
Entertainment, Interviews, Music, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
He Loves DC: Jonny Grave
Photo by Rachel Levitin
It's no easy feat pulling off a performance in honor of late Blues guitar legend Stevie Ray Vaughn but that's exactly what Jonny Grave and his band The Tombstones did this past Saturday night at Iota Club in Arlington, VA. The performance was part of the 1983 Classic Albums Concert featuring three other DC area acts and Jonny's job was to close out the night.
Despite being a bundle of nerves, Jonny executed the performance with precision and passion. He went into the project knowing what musical challenges lied ahead and came out victorious on the other side by the night's end.
Jonny was first introduced to American folk music at an early age by his very musical family while growing up in the DC area. By fifteen, he started learning slide guitar techniques by listening to old Blues records. By seventeen he was performing them live. Since then, he's become a staple of the DC Blues scene.
Well, for starters, I've lived in the area my whole life. I was born in Silver Spring, very close to Sligo Creek. I spent a lot of time going downtown, seeing museums and galleries. When I was a teenager, I started venturing on my own into DC, away from the large attractions, and into the neighborhoods. Adams Morgan fascinated me. Eastern Market was like a dream. Michael Jantz got me to start playing at Wonderland, and the folks at Nanny O'Briens finally got me on their stage. When I was 21, I moved to 10th and S st., and that's when I really fell in love with the city. I made friends with a lot of musicians, artists, bohemians, Hill staffers, and bartenders. I started playing more. The city kind of opened up for me. They say that home is where the heart is, and mine is right here.
Tags: Blues, he loves dc, Jonny Grave, She/He Loves DC
He Loves DC: Don Kim
If you need a reason to smile then Don Kim is a guy who can help get the job done. Whether he's on stage cracking a joke, at home playing music with his friends, or out at a bar playing a game of darts with a beer in hand, Don's the kind of guy you want to be around.
Most recently, the ukulele toting singer-songwriter released an animated music video for his song "Beaver + Duck = Love." Go ahead and try to watch that video without cracking a smile. I triple dog dare ya.
For a long time, I didn't love DC (gasp!). I went to college at the University of Maryland (Go Terps!) thinking that I was hitting the road as soon as I was done. I tried to leave but I was immediately drawn back. Over time, I realized that all my complaints about this area were because I wasn't looking for the right things. Sure it's stuffy, there's lots of politics, and jumbo slice tastes horrible (except when drunk), but it's also full of highly under-appreciated art, culture, and music. It's home to me because whatever I'm in the mood for, I can find it and I've been spending the last 5 years looking for all the gems that this area has to offer. It's been an amazing adventure and I learn something new about this place everyday.
Tags: Don Kim, Don Kim Music, he loves dc, She/He Loves DC
By Rachel Levitin 8:00 am14 Aug 2013
She Loves DC: Kaya Henderson
Photo Courtesy of Andy Le DCPS / Pictured: Kaya Henderson (center)
Kaya Henderson is an education advocate. In June 2011, Henderson was confirmed as the Chancellor of the DC Public Schools but even before then she was hard at work assisting where she could in regards to education. Henderson came to DCPS as Deputy Chancellor in 2007 after time spent as a corps member at Teach For America and as the Vice President for Strategic Partnerships at The New Teacher Project.
Through it all, Henderson has maintained her commitment to, "holding all students to high expectations, providing them with access to high quality teachers and leaders, and creating the most rigorous and innovative instructional environments to ensure their success" in DC's public schools. And despite the job's daily rigors, her work is her passion and not even the most difficult of hurdles will keep her from attempting to achieve her goals when there are a student's best interests are involved.
While Henderson hails from Mt. Vernon, NY, she's called DC home for many years and is happy to have "hung her hat" in this city.
They say home is where you hang your hat, so DC is home because it's where my hat is hung! I have a great home in an amazing neighborhood (Brookland). I've built my family here and am surrounded by awesome friends and professional colleagues. I love that the city has range – you can be as high-brow or as get-down as you like and feel comfortable. But most of all, I love the people in this city. Washingtonians are exciting, resilient, creative, and fun!
She Loves DC: Andrea Rodgers
Photo Courtesy of Andrea Rodgers / Pictured: Andy Cohen (left), Rodgers (center), Wolf Biltzer (right).
Andrea Rodgers is an inspired and busy woman. After tragedy struck on September 11, 2001, Rodgers became heavily involved in the DC charity circuit in order to give back to her community as best as she could. She joined the Junior League of Washington in 2003 and came in 2nd in the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's Man & Woman of the Year fundraising competition in 2004 — and those are just a couple of items that have kept her busy the past few years.
When she's not lending a hand on a host committee or at a gala, Rodgers serves on several alumni groups near and dear to her heart as well as acting as President and CEO of a non-profit, Courage for Kids. Somewhere in between all of her activities, she still finds the time to act as the Publisher and Editor-in-Chief of her blog Miss A, which covers a variety of topics referencing charity and style in 21 major U.S. cities.
The relationships that I have made over the past 15 years in the DC area are what make DC feel like home to me. Having grown up in a small town in North Carolina, I love the small town feel of Washington — running into people I know unexpectedly, discovering that my acquaintances know each other and no skyscrapers.
I enjoy all the green spaces we have in Washington and how quick and easy it is to get to a great park for a walk or run, to hike along the Potomac on the Billy Goat Trail, or to book a tennis court at Haines Point or Rock Creek. I love seeing the beautiful Potomac and the opportunity to go boating with friends. It's no surprise that it helps make our fair city one of the healthiest in the country! I was born in the Netherlands – my mother is Dutch and my father is American – so I traveled often to Europe growing up. This being my background, I love the international aspect and sophistication of Washington. We have people here from every country in the world.
Walking around the city I enjoy overhearing someone speaking a foreign language. If it's Dutch, I always surprise the foreign traveler by starting a conversation in my native language. We are blessed with so much in terms of art and culture in DC through the Kennedy Center, the Smithsonian and other theaters and museums. As someone who double-majored in Economics and Politics at Wake Forest University, I love being so close to all the political action. Continue reading →
Tags: Andrea Rodgers, Miss A, she loves dc, She/He Loves DC
Entertainment, Interviews, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
By Rachel Levitin 8:00 am31 Jul 2013
He Loves DC: Jody Avirgan
Photo Courtesy of Jody Avirgan and Ask Roulette
Jody Avirgan likes questions more than answers. As a result of that, he is now the host of a unique conversation series called Ask Roulette. The live show encourages strangers to ask each others questions on stage. And, for the first time, the New York based show is coming to DC. The show is scheduled for Friday, August 9 at Politics and Prose with special guests Clinton Yates on The Washington Post, Dave Weigel of Slate, and Linda Holmes of NPR's Monkey See.
According to Avirgan, "Ask Roulette is a little hard to envision but the crux of it is that audience members show up with a question they want to ask a stranger. All the questions get put in a box then randomly selected. When you come on stage, you answer a question from a stranger, then turn around and ask a stranger your question. There are also special guests at each event. Questions are long, short, serious, silly, whatever. Any question goes. And of course you can just watch."
When Avirgan's not spending time on Ask Roulette, he works as a producer for NPR's New York station WNYC radio. But not so long ago, Avirgan grew up in DC.
Well, my parents are there, still living in the same house, so there are inherent memories of home tied up with any time I come back. But I really do like the fact that, to most Americans, DC is an abstraction — a company town filled with hired political guns. The disconnect between that vision and the DC I know – one full of real people and everyday pleasures, makes it that much more special. It's like we're all in on a secret together.
Tags: Ask Roulette, he loves dc, Jody Avirgan, She/He Loves DC
He Loves DC: Jason Mendelson
Photo Courtesy of Jason Mendelson
Jason Mendelson is an explorer. Mendelson first made his way from Tampa, Florida to DC with his wife nearly three years ago. Since then, Mendelson's embarked upon a unique and time-consuming project — writing a song for each and every Metro station in the WMATA system. Along side his band, The Open Doors, Mendelson has released four volumes worth of what he calls "Metro Songs."
When he's not working on Metro Songs, Mendelson is an avid supporter and member of the DC-area music community. Whether he's playing bass in a band one night, singing lead for The Open Doors on another, organizing (and executing) a "Classic Albums" concert, recording in his home studio, or out on the town catching a show, Mendelson's devotion to making and listening to music is a physical display of genuine passion.
The things that brought my wife and I here are not necessarily the same things that make it home for us now. After living our whole lives through 2010 in and around Tampa, Florida, we wanted a change and narrowed the selections down to D.C. for its superior job market and Alexandria specifically for safety and accessibility. The things that make it home to us now are all the wonderful friends and connections we've made, and all the great things to do in the area. We frequently visit museums and parks and attend arts events here that eclipse their sunshine state counterparts.
Tags: he loves dc, jason mendelson, Metro Songs, She/He Loves DC
He Loves DC: Chris Cicatelli
Photo Courtesy of Chris Cicatelli (pictured, center)
Whether he's surrounded by a cloud of diamond dirt on the sandlot, getting creative inside the television studio, or recording the latest in a string of podcast episodes at his home studio, Chris Cicatelli is known throughout the DC area — especially among a couple different softball leagues. His charismatic personality coupled with his love for being around people are attributes that people flock to, particularly when he's acting as his infamous alter ego: Coco Caray, sports announcer.
I moved to DC in 1983, my dad got a job with CNN as a political and we made the move to DC/MD. After being here for so long, I have to say, what makes DC home to me is the spring and summer seasons. The cherry blossoms, the monuments in the spring. It is truly a beautiful city in the warm weather months.
Tags: Chris Cicatelli, Glover Park Coed Softball League, he loves dc, She/He Loves DC
Essential DC, Life in the Capital, Opinion, S/He Loves DC, She/He Loves DC, The Features
By Ben H. Rome 3:04 pm05 Jul 2013
Why I (Still) Love DC
metro_passage Ben R
It's hard to believe it's been five years since I wrote one of these. (Not that I'm required to this time around.) During yesterday's festivities at a friend's house – a place my wife and I have celebrated Independence Day for the last seven years – someone new to our gathering asked me how long I'd been writing for WeLoveDC. That's when it dawned on me that it's been half a decade since we unveiled the site to the world.
When we initially launched, our crew of rebels all wrote a piece on why we loved DC. The more I thought about it last night, the more I realized that I needed to revisit my own thoughts on the matter. Five years is a long time here in the District, especially at the speed of digital noise in which we traverse our daily lives. Continue reading →
She Loves DC: Kristine Thomas
Photo Courtesy of Kristine Thomas (Pictured: center)
Kristine Thomas is a goal-oriented woman. Her goal is to live as eco-friendly of a life as possible all while encouraging others in her own community to do the same. And now — as a happily married mother of one living in hometown of Washington, DC — she's doing exactly that.
Thomas was born and raised in the District before moving to New York City where she graduated from the Fashion Institute of Technology. While there, Thomas gained the skills necessary to survive in the world of fashion by working jobs in public relations and event planning. The next chapter of her life moved her west to San Francisco where she embraced a green lifestyle while continuing her career in marketing and advertising.
Currently, Thomas is back in DC and has been quite active in the community since her return. In November 2011, she found inspiration in motherhood and started Dewdrop — a fashion events and fashion-forward clothing swap company. Thomas started Dewdrop in honor of her love for fashion and style but also because she's a mom now. "I have to be creative with how I shop. Hence, the company was born," she said.
"Not only is swapping smart shopping but is also a good way to preserve the environment for future generations."
I grew up here so it's home in a sense that I could still go to my parents' house for dinner and that I still have friends from my childhood years I hang out with. I love how DC has changed so much. What makes it home to me now is that it has more of a stylish, urban vibe to it. Having lived in New York and San Francisco, I'm glad to see boutiques and restaurants pop up like I would see in those cities.
Tags: Dewdrop, DewdropDC, Kristine Thomas, she loves dc, She/He Loves DC
Entertainment, Interviews, Night Life, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
By Rachel Levitin 8:00 am19 Jun 2013
He Loves DC: Don Michael Mendoza
Photo Courtesy of Don Michael Mendoza
Don Michael Mendoza is charismatic. By day Mendoza works with VIDA Fitness flexing the communications skills he obtained at DC's American University. By night he's an actor who performs all over the greater-DC area while working with a wide array of theater companies including brief stints in New York for various creative projects.
He's also been able to channel that charisma into creating something he believes DC had been lacking – a musical theater cabaret and spoken word series. Mendoza co-founded and now co-hosts the award-winning weekly series La-Ti-Do at Black Fox Lounge in Dupont Circle with friend Regie Cabico. The pair established the idea in the fall of 2011 before launching the series in its official capacity in January 2012. Ever since then, the show's audience continues to grow and the night-of talent is of the highest caliber available.
Mendoza takes immense pride in being able to provide this type of creative outlet for both audience members and performers alike. So if you find yourself at a La-Ti-Do performance, just know that what you're seeing is most certainly a labor of love.
DC was where I was born and lived before my family moved to Pittsburgh when I was 4. However, we always made trips here often because we have a lot of family friends here, so it's really an extension of my hometown. I officially made my return here in 2006 when I attended American University where I was able to get my own feet planted here and staying here after graduation was the natural choice for me.
Tags: Black Fox Lounge, Don Michael Mendoza, he loves dc, La-Ti-Do, She/He Loves DC
Interviews, Music, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
He Loves DC: Ben Tufts
Photo Courtesy of Ben Tufts // Photo by Jason Hornick
Whether he's on the road or back home in the District, Ben Tufts is a perpetual student and dedicated teacher. If you ask just about anyone within the DC music scene if they know or have heard of Ben, it's more than likely that they'll say, "Yes." He's played over 300 shows in the past two years, with over thirty bands and artists, covering most of the continental U.S. and has become a cornerstone of the current DC scene.
His devotion to his craft is immeasurable. As a percussionist, Ben has spent countless hours over the course of his lifetime playing all styles of music from classical to hard rock and now teaches a wide array of students throughout the greater DC area. But despite his busy schedule, Ben still finds the time to host an annual fundraiser at Jammin' Java honoring the memory of his late father Craig Tufts, who served as Chief Naturalist for the National Wildlife Federation for 33 years, with the "Ben Tufts and Friends Concert" benefiting the Craig Tufts Memorial Fund. This year's fundraiser is scheduled for August 17.
I was born in Falls Church, and lived in Reston for a few years before my family moved to the Claude Moore Farm in Sterling, VA. Until I was eight, I had a 300+ acre backyard with a bunch of lakes, ponds, and old growth Virginia forest in it. My closest neighbor was several miles away, so books and records became my best friends. We moved to the suburbs later, and as soon as my parents would let me, I was going to shows in DC. I still remember the smell in the front hall of the old 9:30 Club on F street, the scary bouncers at the Bayou, etc.
Tags: Ben Tufts, Craig Tufts Memorial Fund, he loves dc, She/He Loves DC
People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
By Rachel Levitin 8:20 am29 May 2013
He Loves DC: Zia Hassan
Photo Courtesy of Zia Hassan
Zia Hassan is a storyteller. He likes to ask questions and seek honest answers from (and about) a vast array of subjects. This passion of his is the catalyst for multiple creative projects including a podcast series, original music, (viral) videos, photography, insightful blog posts, and more.
He's a guy who keeps a pen and paper on him at all times just to make sure a new idea doesn't get away. It's his observation skills coupled with a genuine sense of childlike wonder that brings Zia's creative endeavors to life.
The duration of my stay, which is almost 25 out of 28 years (in the DMV area). Every city is a collection of people, experiences, imagery, and history. The place that I call home is a place where those stories are the deepest and the amount of time I've lived here has allowed for a lot of depth. Home is the place that you can leave for an indefinite amount of time, and when you come back, you pick up where you left off. Some of the people in my life are "home" for me, in that sense.
Tags: he loves dc, She/He Loves DC, Zia Hassan
She Loves DC: Jennifer Vinson
Photo Courtesy of Jennifer Vinson
She/He Loves DC is a series highlighting the people who love this city as much as we do.
Jennifer Vinson loves music. She loves watching street performers in Dupont Circle. She loves supporting up-and-coming artists on the local level here in her hometown whether it's at The Dunes, The Kennedy Center's Millennium Stage, Comet Ping Pong, or elsewhere. She loves promoting live performances she's passionate about. But most of all, she loves getting to genuinely know the people who make the music she loves listening to.
Her passion for music (and the people behind making it) led her toward creating content for DC Setlist (a site that, " [...] exists to discover and discuss all things MUSIC in DC and around the world. So get in the mix, join the conversation & help us build a community around the DC music scene & beyond!") and into a life working with some of DC's finest venues including The Hamilton Live and currently The Howard Theatre.
Well I was born here. I'm third generation Washingtonian. My mother, my grandmother and I all went to the same all girls high school, Holy Cross Academy. Old friends & family are what make it home to me.
Tags: DC Setlist, Jennifer Vinson, she loves dc, She/He Loves DC
Interviews, She/He Loves DC, The Features
She Loves DC: Pamela Sorensen
courtesy of Geoff Livingston
Pamela Sorensen, much like our team of writers, is passionate about this city. So passionate in fact that she founded her own website – Pamela's Punch – which, according to the site, has become a leading source of information for the "who, what, when, and where" of DC's social, professional, and philanthropic scene.
I've been here since 1990 and never have I left to move to any other city as an adult. Since I've held various positions that required me to drive all over the DMV for years, I feel like I know the area like the back of my hand … it's changed so much, but for the good. The spirit of a wholesome southern, large village appeals to me and at the same time, it's sophisticated, educated, welcoming and comfortable. Even though I have my "haunts," exploring new neighborhoods and meeting new circles keeps it fresh.
Tags: Pamela Sorensen, she loves dc, She/He Loves DC
He Loves DC: Paul Vodra
Photo Courtesy of Paul Vodra
Paul Vodra's mission is to help causal fans find the fantastic music being made in DC by DC musicians. Before starting his podcast Hometown Sounds, Vodra gigged as a DJ spinning monthly at the Argonaut on H Street NE. Instead of focusing his sets around one genre, he thought it'd be interesting to focus on one location — DC — and play music of all genres. He'd even broadcast his sets for his faraway friends via the Argonaut's open wi-fi router.
Vodra's time as a DJ at Argonaut came to an end when they experienced a kitchen fire in 2010 but he liked broadcasting enough to stick with it, figured out how licensing works, and launched his 24/7 music stream.
I was born and raised in this area, so I feel that I understand it pretty well. There's lots of pretension and showmanship here, but there's an inexhaustible supply of creative, talented and downright awesome people too. There's just so much variety here, in art, music, food, and especially people.
Tags: he loves dc, Hometown Sounds, Paul Vodra, She/He Loves DC
She Loves DC: Marlene Hall
Photo Courtesy of Marlene Hall
Marlene Hall is a go-getter. She's someone who faces the adversity life throws and embraces it. Hall grew up an Army brat and has lived all over the world but it's DC she calls home.
She takes great pride in contributing her time to veteran organizations and causes like Team Red, White, and Blue. She was also a supernumerary in the Washington National Opera's Carmen with opera singer Denyce Graves. She recently started her own Public Relations company and also works with Viridian Green Energy where she gets people to switch their utilities to green energy.
Well, I'm from here. I grew up here, my parents grew up here, my relatives are here, so this is home. I love being surrounded by family. I have a strong support network because of my family and friends. I don't need to get plane tickets for Christmas or Thanksgiving as everyone is here. Everywhere I go, I usually see someone I know.
I also love the military tradition here. My dad and my grandfathers all served here in the area. One of my grandfathers served in the Old Guard and is buried at Arlington. I too served in the military and being surrounded by military is always home to me. Continue reading →
Music, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
By Rachel Levitin 8:00 am24 Apr 2013
He Loves DC: Chris Naoum
Photo Courtesy of Chris Naoum
If you frequent any of DC's vast array of performing arts venues then you've likely seen Chris Naoum's face around town before. Since co-founding Listen Local First DC in 2011, Naoum's spent his time fully immersed in DC's music scene. With a law background, Naoum specializes in copyright, media and telecom law, and policy. He's also a staunch advocate for independent musicians, artists, and businesses.
As part of his Listen Local First duties, Naoum helps coordinate, execute, and host events in conjunction with DC businesses and artists. The events range from educational sessions to live shows including the Kingman Island Bluegrass and Folk Festival which is happening this weekend.
The people and the feeling of community. DC is a relatively small city. Everybody knows everyone and most people are very friendly. People are also doing really neat things. Whether it's the start-up tech scene or the people working for non-profits that are trying to better the world, I'm always amazed to find out what people do for a living. Those that do not work in those sectors and work for the government or big firms are still really engaged with their local community and cultural development.
Tags: Chris Naoum, he loves dc, Listen Local First DC, She/He Loves DC
Entertainment, Music, People, She/He Loves DC, The Features
He Loves DC: Ted Garber
Photo Courtesy of Ted Garber
Ted Garber is a DC native. These days, he's an award-winning "BluesAmericanaRock" singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentatlist. Ted's also a perpetual student who frequently travels the globe in an attempt to absorb as much about the world's cultures as he can. His curiosity is contagious.
That's an easy one. I was born in DC at Washington, DC hospital. My late father made his living all his too-short life playing music in and around DC. I grew up in and around DC. My mother worked at the Justice Department. In spite of a few fascinating years in New Orleans, West Virginia, and L.A., DC will always be the place where both my family and I are from. I mean, my Dad sang on the now-defunct official Redskins Singers choir. It was commensurate to blasphemy to take the 'Skins name in vain or to disparage them in any way, especially during a losing game. That particular violation usually resulted in a grounding or a night spent taking dinner alone in my room. To be fair though, I am an Orioles fan. The Nats did not exist when I was growing up here, so we drove to Memorial Stadium and later Camden Yards for games. (That's probably going to bring me grief for admitting, I know).
Tags: he loves dc, She/He Loves DC, showcase, Ted Garber

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Of all the destinations in New England, Maine offers some of the best maritime activities. Its rocky coastline offers pretty beaches that turn to sandy paradises in the summer. The lush waters are clear and calm, perfect for kayaking and paddleboarding activities. You'll get a lot of history in Maine. There are many historical attractions dedicated to the region's colonial days, including Casco Bay's lighthouse and the Old Port, a district of Portland that is also great for seafood fans. Take to the waters of Maine by staying in one of these ambient rentals. Perfect for imaginative campers, these selections look unique and offer the amenities necessary for a fun time in the outdoors. That said, start your getaway by choosing one below.


Travel to Poland during the summer months of June, July, and August, and you will be welcomed with festivals, outdoor concerts, and warm weather. Enjoy the sunshine on historic squares and relax with a cool Polish beer or your favorite flavor of lody ("ice cream. in Polish language). Take tours to countryside attractions to learn more about what the country of Poland has to offer.
When you have exhausted your options within major cities, take to the countryside to visit attractions that are especially appealing when the weather is warm and tows are plentiful. For example, from Kraków, it's possible to visit the cool, underground chambers of the Wieliczka Salt Mine or the Black Madonna of Czestochowa. From Gdansk Malbork Castle is a short train ride, but many other Polish Castles and Polish World Heritage sites can be accessed from destination cities. You can also use summer to visit some of Poland's regions. For example, Silesia is known for its eye-catching natural landscapes and for notable sites like the Peace Churches of Swidnica and Jawor. Malopolska is rich with castles and history.


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On Wednesday, Feb 1, we kicked off our 2017 LebNet tech events series with over 60 attendees to our Evening with Fadi Ghandour, moderated by LebNet chairman, Abdo George Kadifa.
Thank you all for coming, we were sold out!
Fadi walked us through the successful adventure of logistic startup Aramex. His story telling skills transported us to the early days of entrepreneurship in the Mena region and what it took then, to navigate the meanders of government regulations and the competition of foreign giants in the industry. The conversation then shifted to the current situation of the ecosystem in the region. Fadi shared his valuable insights on Mena's young generation of entrepreneurs, funding opportunities and pressing needs to move forward.
Thank you for an inspiring, passionate and eye opening moment!


Posted on October 6, 2017 by Author.	This entry was posted in Sports and tagged 2018 World Cup, Alexi Lalas, Bruce Arena, Football, Fox Soccer, Jurgen Klinsmann, Major League Soccer, MLS, Soccer, Soccer Media, United States Men's National Team, United States Soccer, United States Soccer Federation, US Men's National Team, US Soccer, US Soccer Federation, USMNT, World Cup Qualification. Bookmark the permalink.


The November birthstone, citrine, with its amber hue, is particularly warm and inviting. Citrine, a variety of quartz, is associated with clarity, energy, creativity and imagination.
Each citrine cluster pendant is made by hand and is as different as each chip included. Natural citrine crystals used in this necklace are polished for a smooth touch and randomly dropped into place so your necklace is one of a kind. The pendant is sealed with clear resin with some stones protruding through.


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text:
Josh Murphy 'Loving' His New Home
Preston North End deadline day recruit, Josh Murphy, has thoroughly enjoyed his integration into the squad.
The new PNE winger had his first session with his new team-mates on Monday, followed by 45 minutes in Tuesday afternoon's Central League game with Walsall and he explained how much he had enjoyed it, especially given the weather!
"I have loved it," he told iFollow PNE. "It was good coming to the training ground and seeing the facilities, because they are pretty outstanding.
"It has been a good 48 hours and it was a nice run out today. I was surprised by the weather, it was super-hot – normally it is raining in these parts! But it was a good run out and something to build on.
"I found the first session really good; the intensity was high, which took me by surprise, but it was really nice to get out there and it is a great bunch of lads, so I am settling in nicely and hopefully there are more exciting times ahead.
"Every player will say that you are nervous going in on your first day, but knowing Greg [Cunningham] and knowing Dec [Rudd], it was pretty easy to settle in. Me and Greg get on so well, I love him to bits, he is really nice and I am glad that I am back at a club with him."
It was his first chance to experience his former Norwich City coach Frankie McAvoy as the man in the top job, so how did he find that experience? "It was different, because back at Norwich I was used to him being the first team coach, but it has been really good.
"I had a really good chat with him yesterday about the style of play moving forward, so it is all positive stuff for the future."
The reserves clash with Walsall allowed him to show what he is likely to bring to the squad in the coming season, looking a constant thorn in the Saddlers back line, and he explains that this is the first step to gaining full match sharpness.
"The quicker I can get settled in, I can get used to the boys and they can get used to me, the better it will be," he continued. "I had my first session yesterday and a game today and so that's the ice broken; it is now about solidifying those connections with players.
"There were a couple of things going on, on the pitch today, where we weren't on the same wavelength, but that will come and I really enjoyed that 45 minutes and hopefully I can build on that.
"I am not match fit at the moment; I haven't had any football in the last couple of months, so it is about getting that fitness and that sharpness and once I have that, I will be raring to go. It is all about building the fitness at the moment and building and hopefully I can be match fit soon.
"The sooner I can be in the first team the better, so it is all about training well, getting into the manager's thoughts and I am excited. I am here to work hard; I will give it my all and as long as I do that, everything should work out well."
The game was played in front of a good crowd at Euxton and the welcome the supporters have given the loanee is something he says will be a big boost to him going forward.
"I have had a really nice welcome from the fans. Football is for the fans and the last year and a half – with the pandemic – has been a nightmare, so to see them here today was good and I am looking forward to building a relationship with them.
"My welcome has been really good and I thrive off the love of the fans and if they are spurring me on, that gives me that extra ten per cent, so hopefully that can come. I am excited to get to Deepdale and get to meet everybody," he added.
You can watch the full interview with the attacker by clicking on the video link at the top of the page.
Preston North End vs Walsall on 07 Sep 21
Josh Murphy
Saddlers


text:
Q: Add non repeating elements to List in Prolog I have a List and I am trying to add to it elements from another list that are not already present in the first List.
So if I had 2 Lists :
[a, b, 3, c]
[2, a, b, 4]

The output would be:
[a, b, 3, c, 2, 4]

I am able to get it in reversed order but not in the correct one, here is what I am trying to do:
add_to_list(L, [], L).
add_to_list(List, [H|T], [H|Res]) :-
    \+ member(H, List),
    add_to_list(List, T, Res).
add_to_list(List, [H|T], Res):-
    add_to_list(List, T, Res).

And when I do the method with the 2 Lists mentioned above the output I get is:
[2, 4, a, b, 3, c]

I am aware that my ending clause is adding the L to the end of the result I get, which is why the order is a mess but how can I do it the correct way?

A: Well the problem here is that you should first move to the end of the first list before concatenating data.
We can still use the code you have written, but alter it slightly like:
atl(_, [], []).
atl(List, [H|T], R) :-
    (  member(H, List)
    -> R = Res
    ;  R = [H|Res]
    ),
    atl(List, T, Res).
We here basically made three changes: (a) we renamed addToList/3 to atl/3; we changed L to [] in the first line; and (c) we used an if-then-else to prevent that the third clause gets triggered even if H is not a member of List (this was a semantical error in your code).
Now we will obtain for the given input as output:
?- atl([a, b, 3, c] , [2, a, b, 4], R).
R = [2, 4] ;
false.

So now we can write an addToList/3 in terms of atl/3: we first generate the list of items to append, and next we use append/3 to append these at the end of the list:
addToList(A, B, L) :-
    atl(A, B, R),
    append(A, R, L).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am retired and subscribe to your paper, and read it daily, and I watch a news channel on television every day. I never claimed to be the most intelligent person in the world, and am probably going downhill in my later life.
- I understand that in Iraq, Sunni insurgents are killing the Shias, and the Shiite death squads are killing the Sunnis. Recently I read Sen. Chuck Hagel's comments that the Sunnis also are killing al-Qaida operatives in Iraq. My understanding of our troops' mission is that they are supposed to kill Sunni insurgents, Shiite death squads and al-Qaida operatives. My question is: Why are we involved in this killing?
- About the leadership in Iraq: In the United States, candidates for president have no chance for election if they cannot raise millions of dollars for advertising and buying the endorsements that are required to win. How did Iraq's Nouri al-Maliki get elected? I know that millions of people voted, but how did they know whom to vote for? In the United States, we have excellent communications, and the candidates are still unsure if the electorate knows them or their opinions. In Iraq, this surely is not the case.
If your learned readers could answer these questions, I have more to ask.


text:
Q: Blackberry JDE GPS getLocation() LocationException I need to add GPS functionality to an existing Blackberry Application that I've written. I write a stand alone class called CurrentLocation, and include a method to set the various location variables I care about by using the blackberry GPS in conjunction with google's reverse geocoding webservices. Everything is working beautifully, that is, until I try to instantiate my new class in my main application.
No matter what I do, I get a LocationException!  .getLocation() doesn't work!
It really confuses me, because if I instantiate my class in a test hello world app, it works just fine.
Are there limits to where you can instantiate classes? I've not encountered any with previous classes I've written.  In this case, I'm instantiating my CurrentLocation class in a listener (so the user only makes the lengthy gps and web calls when they want to).  I've tried instantiating it in screens, as well. I've tried just gutting the class and using the method call, but that doesn't work either.
Is there something I'm missing entirely here?
http://pastie.org/639545
There's a link to the class I'm making,
And here's the listener I"m trying to instantiate from. I'm in an event thread because I thought it might help (but I get the same exception whether or not I do this).
FieldChangeListener listenerGPS = new FieldChangeListener() {
        public void fieldChanged(Field field, int context) {
            UiApplication.getUiApplication().invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    CurrentLocation loc = new CurrentLocation();
                    if (loc != null){
                        country = loc.getCountry();
                        city = loc.getCity();
                        state = loc.getState();
                        road = loc.getRoad();
                        zip = loc.getZip();
                    }
                    }

            });

        }
    };

What am I missing here?

A: Okay, I got it. Apparently you can't call getLocation() in the eventThread (not just invokeLater, but any listener). So now what I'm doing is getting the coordinates in a thread outside of the event, and worrying about google separately.


text:
Wisbech campus helps 60 migrant workers successfully get to grips with the English language
Published: 12:51 PM December 18, 2014
English language success by Wisbech college at Cornerways Nursery - Credit: Archant
After a ten week English language course delivered by the College of West Anglia Isle campus, Wisbech, over 60 workers from Cornerways Nursery in Stoke Ferry have received their certificates of completion.
At an award ceremony held at the nursery, tutors and nursery management gave praise to the staff and their achievements.
Every year Cornerways employs migrant workers from across Europe and the initiative was driven by the employees really wanting to learn the local language, to improve both their work performances and also their social integration
Tutor Adrian Smith of CWA's Isle Campus said "In a very short time, with hard work and dedication, all the workers showed how much they had improved their English language skills. This is hopefully something which will benefit them in both their professional and private lives".
The employees received an hour and a half of bespoke ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) training each week after their working shift, in reading, writing, listening and speaking.
The nursery which is British Sugar's award-winning horticulture business and produces around 140 million 'eco-friendly' tomatoes each year. The glass houses benefit from its location close to the Wissington sugar factory, directly receiving heat and carbon dioxide which helps the tomato plants to thrive.
Cornerways HR Administrator, Natalia Hillyer said "We are so pleased to see our workers develop in their English skills so quickly. Cornerways has really benefited from this successful collaboration with CWA".
10 Take a look inside this £600,000 converted barn hidden in the Fens
The course has been highly successful and Cornerways is looking to continue running more courses in the future.


Can my spouse be charged with abandonment in Ontario?
It doesn't matter if you are married or common-law, if your spouse abandons you, they really are not doing anything legally wrong. While it may feel morally wrong, your spouse isn't breaking the law and they aren't going to be punished for it. In a similar post, Fresh Legal intern and University of Ottawa law student, Xinya Wang, answers a similar inquiry from clients: "Can I sue my spouse for emotional distress and mental suffering?". The short answer is "No".
The "no-fault" divorce became law in Canada in 1968 when the Divorce Act was amended to allow for a divorce if the spouses had been separated for at least three years. Prior to 1968, the only grounds for divorce in Canada were adultery or cruelty.
Fast forward to 1986, and the Divorce Act was further amended by reducing the separation period to one year (instead of three), thus making it easier (quicker) to get a divorce.
3. One of the spouses treated the other spouse with physical or mental cruelty of such a kind as to render intolerable the continued cohabitation of the spouses.
So what do you do if your spouse walks out on you? If you're married, you can file for a divorce. If you're not married but you have children, you can file a court application seeking child support and depending on the length of your relationship – spousal support.
By far the most common ground for divorce is "the spouses have lived separate and apart for at least one year". This doesn't mean you need to wait one full year before you can start your divorce, it simply means that it must be one full year from the date of separation to the date your divorce is granted by the court. So let's say your spouse leaves you on October 1, 2018, you can start the divorce process (ie. paperwork) any time after that date, but your divorce will not be "final" until October 1, 2019 at the earliest.
If you've recently separated and your spouse is willing to negotiate an amicable resolution, a separation agreement can help keep you both out of court. If you would like to learn more about negotiating a separation agreement, please contact us.