text:
Local in Wrecking Crew movie featured
Local bassist in the legendary rock studio unit The Wrecking Crew is in new documentary.
Local in Wrecking Crew movie featured Local bassist in the legendary rock studio unit The Wrecking Crew is in new documentary. Check out this story on shreveporttimes.com: https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/local/2015/04/01/local-wrecking-crew-movie-featured/70776028/
John Andrew Prime, jprime@gannett.com Published 12:06 p.m. CT April 1, 2015 | Updated 1:52 p.m. CT April 1, 2015
Bassist Joe Osborn, right, in an undated photo with some other members of the Wrecking Crew, from left, Larry Knechtel, Hal Blaine, Bones Howe and Johnny Rivers.(Photo: Courtesy Joe Osborn)
Legendary local bassist Joe Osborn, whose work has appeared on hundreds of Top 10 and Top 100 singles and albums over the past 50 years, is featured in a documentary on the Wrecking Crew, the West Coast studio unit in which he performed, showing at the Robinson Film Center later this month.
The Wrecking Crew, a documentary by Denny Tedesco, will open April 17 at the Robinson Film Center in downtown Shreveport. The 101-minute work has received acclaim from showings across the nation since February. It officially opened in Los Angeles in late March.
Osborn attended the L.A. opening and will be at the first two Shreveport opening nights as well, and plans to hold an informal question-and-answer session after each, followed by a happy hour upstairs.
"We are really thrilled and honored to have Joe as our host for screenings of The Wrecking Crew," said RFC spokeswoman Meghan Hochstetler. "I've gotten to know him as we've been getting ready for the screenings coming up. He's a delight to know and I'm sure audiences will love him. He's this wealth of musical history, walking around Shreveport. The amount of people he's worked with and albums he's recorded is mind-boggling."
Still, most of his work has been in studios with peers and producers, and getting on stage and being the focus of attention is still a bit daunting to Osborn, who basically is a shy, modest person.
"I've done enough of them now it doesn't make me that nervous," Osborn said. But you never really get over that. In the studio, the red light comes on and you tense up."Osborn said, admitting he still gets a little shy during public appearances. After all, in the studio, he's usually been with peers and producers.
"Denny Tedesco is usually the moderator, but all he does is introduce us," "There will be a little get-together upstairs after the question-and-answer session.
Now 77 years old and originally from the Madison Parish hamlet of Mound, Osborn has long called Northwest Louisiana home and a decade ago moved to Keithville.
His heyday was from the 1960s through the 1980s, when he was in demand as a session bassist, recording for artists ranging from Ricky Nelson and Johnny Rivers to Nancy Sinatra and Neil Diamond.
Perhaps best known to the pop-listing public for his almost magical work on the Fifth Dimension's 1969 anthem Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In and Diamond's Holly Holy, he also performed on Simon and Garfunkel's Bridge Over Troubled Water album and most of the works of The Mamas and the Papas, The Association, The Grass Roots and the Carpenters, a brother-and-sister duo he discovered and nurtured. Mostly recently, Osborn has been working with local guitar phenomenon Matthew Davidson.
Though he has been semi-retired since 2005, Osborn still records occasionally, and both of his sons, David Osborn and Darren Osborn, have followed him into entertainment through bass playing.
People featured in the Wrecking Crew over the years, aside from Osborn, included such noted performers as Carol Kaye, Larry Knechtel, Jack Nitzsche, Hal Blaine, Jim Gordon, Earl Palmer, Joe Porcaro, fellow Shreveporter James Burton, Campbell, Tommy Tedesco, Tommy Morgan, Larry Knechtel, Mac Rebennack (Dr. John), Leon Russell, Joe Porcaro and Jim Horn.
The crack rhythm unit was called in to perform on most recordings by the Beach Boys, as well as works by the Byrds, Glen Campbell, the Partridge Family, Leonard Cohen,, Nat King Cole, Cher and John Denver.
Osborn said he got to know producers, such as Lou Adler and Bones Howe, better than the star performers, who rarely interacted with the musicians.
"There were very few of the artists that we actually got to know," he said. "If they had anything to say to us, they would say it through the producer."
Adler and Howe, he said, were "the kind of people who knew the combinations of musicians to put together in the studio and leave them alone. The music might have been hard and something might have made it difficult, but that part made it easy."
He did know some of the stars personally, including fellow Wrecking Crew members who rose to fame.
"I got to be friends with Glen Campbell, because I knew him way before he ever got anything going," he said. "We were both playing on demos for grocery money. Johnny Rivers was a friend long before either of us ever wound up in L.A. John Phillips and the Mamas and the Papas, I got to know them personally."
He was especially close to Richard and Karen Carpenter, who he got to know after they did some session work for him and he realized their potential.
"I knew their family," he said. "When they came to the studio they were still in high school. Just kids.
"But that wasn't the rule. Especially with someone like Dean Martin, they had nothing to say to the musicians. That was just as well. We didn't want to hear from them, either. We'd rather talk to the producers."
Joe Osborn will take part in a question-and-answer session following the evening showings of The Wrecking Crew at the Robinson Film Center April 17-18. Showtime is 7:30 p.m. each night. These showings will be followed by a special upstairs happy hour where patrons can talk with Osborn.
Other showings for The Wrecking Crew will be:
April 17: 3 p.m. and 5:15 p.m.
April 18-19: 1 p.m., 3:15 p.m. and 5:30 p.m.
April 21-23: 5:15 p.m. and 7:30 p.m.
Tickets are $9.50 for the general public and $7.50 for RFC members.
The Robinson Film Center is at 617 Texas St., Shreveport. To reserve tickets or get more information, call (318) 459-4122 or visit the RFC website at http://www.robinsonfilmcenter.org/. Box office hours are 11 a.m. to 9 p.m., Tuesday-Sunday. It is closed Mondays.
Read or Share this story: https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/local/2015/04/01/local-wrecking-crew-movie-featured/70776028/


text:
A top
Abraham, R. C. 1968. The Principles of Amharic. Institute of African Studies. Lowe & Brydone: London.
Ahmadkhani, M.R. 2010. Phonological metathesis in Persian: Synchronic, diachronic, and the Optimality Theory. Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji , 56: 5-24.
Alexander, James 1985. R-metathesis in English: a diachronic account. Journal of English Linguistics 18:33-40.
Al-Mozainy, Hamza Qublan, Robert Bley-Vroman & John J. McCarthy. 1985. Stress Shift and Metrical Structure. Linguistic Inquiry 16, 1. 135-144.
Al-Mozainy, Hamza Qublan. 1981. Vowel Alternations in a Bedouin Hijazi Arabic Dialect: Abstractness and Stress. PhD dissertation. University of Texas at Austin.
Ambrazas, Vytautas (ed.). 1997. Lithuanian Grammar. Lithuanian: Institute of the Lithuanian Language.
Anderson, S. R. 1969. An outline of the phonology of Modern Icelandic vowels. Foundations of Language 5:53-72.
Anderson, Stephen R. 2004. Morphological universals and diachrony. In Yearbook of morphology 2004. Edited by Geert Booij and Jaap van Marle, 1–17. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Netherlands. ISBN: 9781402028991
Anttila, Arto, Vivienne Fong, Štefan Beňuš, and Jennifer Nycz. 2008. Variation and opacity in Singapore English consonant clusters. Phonology 25.2:181–216. doi:10.1017/S0952675708001462
Antilla, Raimo. 1972. An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. The Macmillan Company: New York.
Archangeli, Diana. 1984. Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology. Ph.D. dissertation. Massachussetts Institute of Technology.
Archangeli, Diana. 1990. Prosodic templates in Yawelmani. University of Arizona, ms.
Arregi, Karlos, and Andrew Nevins. 2012. Linearity-based morphotactics. In Morphotactics: Basque Auxiliaries and the Structure of Spellout. By Karlos Arregi and Andrew Nevins, 237–340. Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 86. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN: 9789400738881
B top
Bagemihl, B. 1995. Language games and related areas. In J. Goldsmith (Ed.), The Handbook of Phonological Theory (pp. 597-712). Blackwell: Cambridge, MA.
Bailey, Charles-James. 1970. Toward Specifying Constraints on Phonological Metathesis. Linguistic Inquiry 1. 347-349.
Bailey, Charles-James. 1973. Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Bat-El, Outi. 1988. Remarks on Tier Conflation. Linguistic Inquiry 19 (3). 477-485.
Bat-El, Outi. 1989. Phonology and Word Structure in Modern Hebrew. PhD dissertation.UCLA.
Bat-El, Outi. 1992. Stem Modification and Cluster Transfer in Modern Hebrew. ms. Tel-Aviv University.
Becker, T. 2000. Metathesis. In G. Booij, C. Lehman, & J. Mugdan (Eds.). Morphologie / Morphology, Ein internationales Handbuch zur Flexion und Wortbildung / An International Handbook on Inflection and Word formation (pp. 576-581).
Beckman, Mary & Jan Edwards. 1990. Lengthening and Shortening and the Nature of Prosodic Constituency. In J. Kingston and M. Beckman (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the Grammar and Physics of Speech. New York: CUP. 152-178.
Behnam, B. 2012. A sociolinguistic analysis of metathesis in Azeri language. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature , 1(2): 56-64. doi:10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.2p.56
Berrondonner, A. et al. 1983. Principles de grammaire polylectale. Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.
Besnier, Niko. 1987. An autosegmental approach to metathesis in Rotuman. Lingua 73: 201-223.
Bickmore, Lee. 1998. Metathesis and Dahl's Law in Ekegusii.
Biggs, Bruce. 1965. Direct and indirect inheritance in Rotuman. Lingua 14: 383-445.
Black, Paul. 1974. Regular metathesis in Gidole. Folia Orientalia. Vol. XV. 47-5.
Blake, Frank. 1925. A Grammar of the Tagalog Language. New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society.
Blevins, Juliette. 1994. The Bimoraic Foot in Rotuman Phonology and Morphology. Oceanic Linguistics 33 (2). 491-516.
Blevins, Juliette, and Andrew Garrett. 2004. The evolution of metathesis. In Phonetically based phonology. Edited by Bruce Hayes, Robert Kirchner, and Donca Steriade, 117–156. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN: 9780521054614
Bloomfield, Leonard 1933. Language. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Blust, Robert. 2012. Hawu vowel metathesis. Oceanic Linguistics 51.1:207–233. doi:10.1353/ol.2012.0009
Bond, Z. S. 1971. Phonological Rules in Lithuanian and Latvian. OSU Working Papers in Linguistics, 9. 218-232.
Bonthuis, Fiorieneke. 2001. Metathesis in Leti. In Surface syllable structuring and segment sequencing. Edited by Elizabeth Hume, Norval Smith, and Jeroen van de Weijer, 26–52. Leiden, The Netherlands: Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics.
Booker, K.M. 1994. Muskogean languages. In R.E. Asher (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 2654-265.
Bosworth, Joseph and T. Northcote Toller (eds.) 1980. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary , Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Boutin, Michael. 2000. Blocking nasal spread in Bonggi. Paper presented at SEALS conference.
Bradley, Travis G. 2007. Constraints on the metathesis of sonorant consonants in Judeo-Spanish. Probus 19.2: 171–201. doi:10.1515/PROBUS.2007.006
Brame, M. K. 1973. On stress assignment in two Arabic dialects. In S. R. Anderson and P. Kiparsky (eds.), A festschrift for Morris Halle. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 14-25.
Buckley, Eugene. 2004. Alsea metathesis and syllable structure. Ms., University of Pennsylvania.
Buckley, Eugene. 2007. Vowel-sonorant metathesis in Alsea. International Journal of American Linguistics 73.1:1–39.
Buckley, Eugene. 2011. Metathesis. In The Blackwell companion to phonology. Vol. 3, Phonological processes. Edited by Marc van Oostendorp, Colin J. Ewen, Elizabeth Hume, and Keren Rice. Blackwell Companions to Linguistics Series. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 9781405184236
Bunye, Maria Victoria R. & Elsa Paula Yap. 1971. Cebuano Grammar Notes. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu.
Burton, Strang. 1989. Kasem coalescence and metathesis: A particle analysis. Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 10.
Butskhrikidze, M. & J. van de Weijer 2001. On v-metathesis in Modern Georgian. In E. Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer (eds.), Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden, NL: HIL Occasional Papers.
Butskhrikidze, M., and Jeroen van de Weijer. 2003. On the formal description of metathesis: A case study of v-metathesis in modern Georgian. Lingua 113.8:765–778. doi:10.1016/s0024–3841(02)00129–8
C top
Callaghan, Catherine 1986. Miwok ablaut grades. Papers from the 1983, 1984, and 1985 Hokan-Penutian Languages Conference: 105-14 published as Occasional Papers in Linguistics 13, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University.
Callow, John. 1965. Collected Field Reports on the Phonology of Kasem. The Institute of African Studies. University of Ghana..
Canfield, Tracy A. 2016. Metathesis is real, and it is a regular relation. PhD diss., Georgetown Univ.
Carpenter, A.C. 2002. Noncontiguous metathesis and Adjacency. In Carpenter, A., Coetzee, A., and deLacy, P. (Eds.), UMOP 26: Papers in Optimality Theory II. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
Chandlee, J., & Heinz, J. 2012. Bounded copying is subsequential: Implications for metathesis and reduplication. Proceedings of the Twelfth Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Computational Morphology and Phonology (SIGMORPHON2012) , (pp. 42-51). Montreal, Canada.
Chandlee, Jane, Angeliki Athanasopoulou, and Jeffrey Heinz. 2012. Evidence for classifying metathesis patterns as subsequential. In Proceedings of the 29th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Edited by Jaehoon Choi, E. Alan Hogue, Jeffrey Punske, Deniz Tat, Jessamyn Schertz, and Alex Trueman, 303–309. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. ISBN: 9781574734515
Chomsky, Noam & Morris Halle. 1969. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper Row..
Churchward, C. M. 1940. Rotuman Grammar and Dictionary. Sydney: Methodist Church of Australia.
Clearly, Alvin 1976. Epenthesis, metathesis, and assimilation in West Greenlandic. In E. Hamp (ed.), Papers on Eskimo and Aleut Linguistics. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
Coetzee, Andries W. 1999. Metathesis in Tiberian Hebrew: A perspective from optimality theory. Theoretical Linguistics 25.2–3:99–132. doi:10.1515/thli.1999.25.2-3.99
Colarusso, John. 1992. A Grammar of the Kabardian Language. University of Calgary Press: Calgary, Alberta.
Conklin, H. 1953. Hanunóo-English Vocabulary. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Volume 9. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles.
Connolly, Leo 1989. Laryngeal metathesis: an Aryan peculiarity? In Theo Venneman (ed.), The New Sound of Indo-European: Essays in Phonological Reconstruction. Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 41. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Constantino, Ernesto. 1971. Ilokano Reference Grammar. University of Hawaii: Honolulu.
Crouch, M. 1994. The phonology of Deg. ms. GILLBT, Ghana.
Crowley, Terry. 1979. Yaygir. Handbook of Australian Languages, ed. by R. M. W. Dixon & B. Blake, 1. 363-90. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Czaplicki, Bartłomiej. 2009. Non-teleological approaches to metathesis: Evidence from dialects of Polish. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 45.3. doi:10.2478/v10010–009–0020–8
D top
Dambriunas, Leonardas. 1964. A General Characterization of the Lithuanian Language. Lituanus: Baltic States Quarterly of Arts & Sciences , 10:3-4. 16-26.
Dat, Florin–Mihai. 2009. Métathèse et homonymie en Hébreu Biblique. Suvremena Lingvistika 35.67:1–21.
Davidson, Joseph Orville Jr. 1977. A Contrastive Study of the Grammatical Structures of Aymara and Cuzco Kechua. Ph. D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
Davis, Cathlin Maire. 2002. Case and pronominal suffixes in Sierra Miwok. PhD diss., Univ. of Wisconsin.
Dawkins, C. H. 1969. The Fundamentals of Amharic. Sudan Interior Mission: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
de Haas, W.G. 1988. Phonological implications of skeleton and feature underspecification in Kasem. Phonology 5: 237-254.
Deck, N. C. 1933-34. Grammar of the language spoken by the Kwara'ae people of Malta, British Solomon Islands. Journal of the Polynesian Society 42, 33-48, 133-144, 241-256; and 43, 1-16.
Delancey, Scott 1989. Tibetan evidence for Nungish metathesis. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 12:25-31.
Dell, G., Burger, L., & Svec, W. 1997. Language production and serial order: A functional analysis and a model. Psychological Review , 104(1): 123-147.
Demers, Richard A. 1974. Alternating Roots in Lummi. International Journal of American Linguistics 40. 15-21.
Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1979. Hiskaryana. Lingua Descriptive Studies 1. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1985. Hixkaryana and Linguistic Typology. SIL/UTA Publications in Linguistics No. 76 Dallas: SI.
Derrick-Mescua, Mary Tyler. 1980. A Phonology and Morphology of Mikasuki. PhD. dissertation. University of Florida.
Dimmendaal, G. J. 1983. The Turkana Language. Foris Publications. Dordrecht.
Dor, Daniel 1993. Deriving the verbal paradigm of Modern Hebrew: A constraint-based approach. ms. Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Drachman, Gaberell. 1969. Twana Phonology. OSUWPL 5.
Dumenil, Annie. 1983. A rule-account of metathesis in Gascon. PhD. dissertation. Uniersity of South Carolina.
Dumenil, Annie. 1987. A rule-account of metathesis in Gascon. Lingvisticoe Investigationes XI:1, 81-113.
E top
Emeneau, M. B. 1967. The South Dravidian Languages. JAOS 87. 365-412.
Emeneau, M. B. 1970. Dravidian Comparative Phonology: A Sketch. Annamalai University. Annamalainagar: Tamil Nadu, India.
F top
Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary , ed. by William Pulte. [Talequah:] Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
Feldstein, R. 2006. Polish trot reflexes and the segmental properties of metathesis. In Jezikovna predanost: Akademiku prof. dr. Jožetu Toporišiču ob 80-letnici (Zora 44) (pp. 205-213).
Flemming, Edward. 1996. Laryngeal metathesis and deletion in Cherokee. UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics 16: Cherokee Papers from UCLA, ed. by Pamela Munro, 23-44.
Foley, Lawrence. 1980. Phonological Variation in Western Cherokee. Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics. Garland Publishing: New York & London.
Fortescue, Michael. 1984. West Greenlandic. London: Croom Helm.
Freeland, L. S. 1951. Language of the Sierra Miwok. Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir 6 of the International Journal of American Linguistics. Waverly Press: Baltimore.
Fromkin, Victoria A. 1971. The non-anomalous nature of anomalous utterances. Language 47.1:27–52. doi:10.2307/412187
Fryd, Marc. 2016. Étude de la variation dans le lexique toponymique anglais : le cas de la métathèse dans l'élément –thorp. In Isabelle Gaudy-Campbell & Yvon Keromnes (Eds.), Variation, invariant et plasticité langagière , Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté.
Fukazawa, Haruka, and Viola Miglio. 2008. What metathesis reveals about L1 and L2 acquisition. Edited by Slabakova Roumyana, Rothman Jason, Kempchinsky Paula, and Gavruseva Elena, 30–36. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
G top
Gerlach, Sharon Ruth. 2010. The acquisition of consonant feature sequences: Harmony, metathesis and deletion patterns in phonological development. PhD diss., Univ. of Minnesota.
Grammont, M. 1907. La métatèse à Pléchâtel (Aute-Bretagne). Romanische Forschungen 23.1: 517–523.
Grammont, Maurice. 1905-06. La métathèse dans le parler de Bagnères-de-Luchon. Mémoires de la Societé de linguistique de Paris 13. 73-90.
Grammont, Maurice. 1933. Traité de Phonétique. Paris: Librairie Delagrave.
Grammont, Maurice. 1965 (8th ed). Traité de phonétique. Paris.
Greene, D. 1980. The Atlantic Group: Neo-Celtic and Faroese. Minority Languages Today. Haugen, E. (eds.). Edinburgh Univ. Press. 1-9.
Guerrera, Christine, and Kenneth Forster. 2008. Masked form priming with extreme transposition. Language and Cognitive Processes 23.1:117–142. doi:10.1080/01690960701579722
H top
Haas, Wim G. de. 1988. Phonological implications of skeleton and feature underspecification in Kasem. Phonology 5: 237-254..
Haiman, John. 1980. HUA: A Papuan Language of the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. Studies in Language Companion Series. Vol. 5. Amsterdam/John Benjamins B.V.
Hale, Kenneth. 1976. Phonological developments in particular Nothern Paman languages. Languages of Cape York , ed. by Peter Sutton, 7-40. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
Hale, Mark & Madelyn Kissock. 1998. The phonology-syntax interface in Rotuman. Proceedings of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association , UCLA, 1996 and 1997, ed. by Matthew Pearson. (UCLA Occasional Papers in Linguistics.) Los Angeles: Department of Linguistics, UCLA, to appear.
Halle, M. 2001. Infixation versus onset metathesis in Tagalog, Chamorro, and Toba Batak. In M. Kenstowicz (Ed.), Ken Hale: A Life in Language (pp. 153-168). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
Harris, Alice C. 2000. Where in the word is the Udi clitic? Language 76, 3. 593-616.
Harris, James, and Morris Halle. 2005. Unexpected plural inflections in Spanish: Reduplication and metathesis. Linguistic Inquiry 36.2:195–222.
Harrison, Sheldon. 1976. Mokilese Reference Grammar. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press.
Haudricourt, A. G. 1958. La Phonologie des voyelles en rotumien (Oce!anie). Bulletin de la socit de linguistique de Paris 53:268-272.
Heine, Bernd. 1976. Notes on the Rendille Language. Afrika und Ubersee 59. 176-223.
Heine, Bernd. 1978. The Sam Languages. A History of Rendille, Boni and Somali. Afroasiatic Linguistics 6(2). 1-92.
Heinz, Jeffrey. 2005. Optional partial metathesis in Kwara'ae. In Proceedings ofthe Twelfth Annual Conference of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA). Edited by Heinz and Ntelitheos, 91–102. UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics 12.
Herzallah, Rukayyah 1987. Syncope and epenthesis in Palestinian Arabic: an instance of dericational constraint violation. ms. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Hewitt, B. G. 1995. Georgian. A Structural Reference Grammar. John Benjamins Publishing Company. Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
Hobley, June. 1965. Bassa Verbal Formations. The Journal of West African Languages. Vol. II. No. 2. 39-50.
Hock, Hans Henrich. 1985. Regular metathesis. Linguistics 23. 529-546.
Hogg, Richard 1977. Old English r-metathesis and generative phonology. Journal of Linguistics 13:165-75.
Holscher, Dan, Monica Macaulay, and Marnie Jo Petray. 1992. Tone Metathesis in the Dangme Imperative. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Perkeley Linguistics Society, Special Session on African Languages. 120-133.
Holt, D. Eric. 2004. Optimization of syllable contact in Old Spanish via the sporadic sound change metathesis. Probus 16.1. doi:10.1515/prbs.2004.003
Hombert, Jean-Marie. 1980. Noun classes of the Beboid languages. Noun classes in the Grassfields Bantu borderland, ed. by Larry M. Hyman, 83-93. (Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics, 8.) Los Angeles: Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California.
Horwood, G.V. 2004. Order without chaos: Relational faithfulness and position of exponence in Optimality Theory. Ph.D. diss., Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey.
Hudson, Grover. 1975. Suppletion in the Representation of Alternations. PhD dissertation. UCLA.
Hudson, Grover. 1995. Phonology of Ethiopian Languages. In John Goldsmith (ed.), Handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. 782-797.
Hume, E. 1997. Consonant Clusters and Articulatory Timing in Deg. ms. Ohio State University.
Hume, E., Fitzgerald, K., & Seyfarth, S. 2019. Metathesis. In M. Aronoff (Ed.), Oxford Bibliographies in Linguistics . New York: Oxford University Press.
Hume, Elizabeth & Keith Johnson. 2000. A Model of the Interplay of Speech Perception and Phonology. In E. Hume & K. Johnson (eds.), The Role of Speech Perception in Phonology. New York: Academic Press.
Hume, Elizabeth, Jennifer Muller and Aone van Engelenhoven. 1998. Nonmoraic Geminates in Leti. Phonology 14.3. 371-402.
Hume, Elizabeth, Norval Smith and Jeroen van de Weijer. 2001. Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden: HIL.
Hume, Elizabeth. 1991. Metathesis in Maltese: Implications for the Strong Morphemic Plane Hypothesis. Proceedings of NELS 21: 157-172.
Hume, Elizabeth. 1994. Front Vowels, Coronal Consonants and their Interaction in Non-Linear Phonology. New York: Garland. [1992 Cornell PhD Dissertation.
Hume, Elizabeth. 1998. Metathesis in phonological theory: The case of Leti. Lingua 104. 147-186.
Hume, Elizabeth. 1998. Vowel Preservation in Leti. Oceanic Linguistics 36.1. 65-101. 1997.
Hume, Elizabeth. 2000. The Role of Speech Perception in Phonology: The Case of Metathesis. Talk given at the Dept. of Linguistics, University of Chicago, 4/19/00.
Hume, Elizabeth. 2001. Metathesis: Data, Motivation and Phonological Theory. In E. Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer (eds.), Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden: HIL.
Hume, Elizabeth. 2001. Metathesis: Formal and Functional Considerations. In E. Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer, Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden, NL: HIL.
Hume, Elizabeth. 2004. The indeterminacy/attestation model of metathesis. Language 80.2:203–237.
Hume, Elizabeth, and Misun Seo. 2004. Metathesis in Faroese and Lithuanian: From speech perception to optimality theory. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 27.1:35–60. doi:10.1017/S0332586504001143
Hyman, Larry M. & Sharon Inkelas. 1997. "Emergent templates: the unusual case of Tiene". In Viola Miglio & Bruce Morén (eds), Selected phonology papers from H-OT-97 , University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 5, 92-116.
I top
Idrissi, Ali, Jean-François Prunet, and Renée Béland. 2008. On the mental representation of Arabic roots. Linguistic Inquiry 39.2:221–259.
Irshied, Omar and Michael Kenstowicz 1984. Some phonological rules of Bani-Hassan Arabic: a bedouin dialect, Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 14:109-47.
Isebaert, Lambert 1988. Tocharian evidence for laryngeal metathesis in Indo-European, Belgian Journal of Linguistics 3:39-46.
Israel, M. 1979. A Grammar of the Kuvi language. Dravidian Linguistics Association. Vachiyoor, Trivandrum, India.
J top
Jackson, A. V. Williams. 1968. An Avesta Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt.
Jacobsen, M.A. & C. Matras. (1961) Førosysk-Donsk Ordabók. Tørshavn: Føroya Fródskaparfelag.
Jakobi, Angelika. 1990. A Fur grammar. Helmut Buske Verlag. Hamburg.
Jakobson, Roman, Gunnar Fant and Morris Halle. 1952. Preliminaries to speech analysis. The distinctive features and their correlates. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Jakobson, Roman. 1962. On Slavic diphthongs ending in a liquid. Selected writings, vol. 1, Phonological studies , 443-48. The Hague: Mouton.
Janda, Richard D. 1984. Why morphological metathesis rules are rare: On the possibility of historical explanation in linguistics. Berkeley Linguistic Society 10. 87-103.
Jetchev, Georgi Ivanov. 1997. Ghost vowels and syllabification: Evidence from Bulgarian and French. PhD diss., Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
Juret, A.-C. 1938. La phonétique latine. 2nd edn. (Publications de la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg, Initiation [et] méthodes, 4) Paris: Societé d'Édition 'Les Belles Lettres'.
K top
Kari, James. 1979. Athabaskan Verb Theme Categories: Ahtna. Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers , Number 2. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center.
Kari, James. 1990. Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center.
Kenesei, Istva!n, Vago Robert M. & Anna Fenyvesi. 1998. Hungarian. Routledge: London and New York.
Kenstowicz, M and C. Kisseberth 1979. Generative Phonology. Academic Press.
Kenstowicz, M. J. 1971. Lithuanian Phonology. Ph. D. dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Kenstowicz, Michael. 1981. Vowel harmony in Palestinian Arabic: a suprasegmental analysis. Linguistics 19 (1981). 449-465.
Keren-Portnoy, Tamar, Marinella Majorano, and Marilyn M. Vihman. 2009. From phonetics to phonology: The emergence of first words in Italian. Journal of Child Language 36.2:235–267. doi:10.1017/S0305000908008933
Keshavarz, Mohammad H. 2000. A sociolinguistic analysis of metathesis in Persian. The International Journal of Humanities 7.1–2:16–22.
Keyser, Samuel J. 1975. Metathesis and Old English phonology. Linguistic Inquiry 6:377-411.
Kilani-Schoch, Marianne and Wolfgang Dressler. 1986. Métathèses et conversion morphologiques en arabe tunisien. Z. Phon. Sprachwiss Kommunik forsch 39:61-75.
Kimball, G.D. 1991. Koasati Grammar. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
Kimball, G.D. 1994. Koasati Dictionary. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
Kiparsky, P. 1967. Sonorant clusters in Greek. Lg. 43. vol. 3. 619-35.
Kiparsky, Paul. 1967. A phonological rule of Greek. Glotta 44. 109-3.
Klatt, D. H. & Stevens, K. 1969. Speech Communication: Pharyngeal Consonants. QPR (93). 207-216.
Klein, T.B. 2005. Infixation and segmental constraint effects: UM and IN in Tagalog, Chamorro, and Toba Batak. Lingua 115: 959-995.
Kløve, Marit Helene, and Martha Young-Scholten. 2001. Repair of L2 syllables through metathesis. IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 39.2. doi:10.1515/iral.39.2.103
Koorbanoff, Dorna Louise. 1992. Bulgarian metathesis reconsidered: Diachrony and synchrony. PhD diss., Brown Univ.
L top
Lambert, Wendy Mae. 1999. Epenthesis, metathesis, and vowel-glide alternation: Prosodic reflexes in Mabalay Atayal. MA Thesis, National Tsing Hua University.
Langdon, Margaret. 1976. Metathesis in Yuman languages. Language 52.4 (December): 866–883. doi:10.2307/413299
Laurence, G. & M. Terry Thompson. 1971. Clallam: A Preview. Studies in American Indian Languages. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press. No. 65. 251-294.
Laycock, Don 1982. Metathesis in Austronesian: Ririo and other cases. Pacific Linguistics C-74:269-81.
Leiskien, A. 1922. Handbuch der altbulgarischen (altkirchenslavischen) Sprache. Heidelberg: Winter.
Lemb, Pierre & François de Gastines (1973). Dictionnaire Basaa-Francais. Douala: Collège Libermann.
Leslau, W. 1963. Etymological dictionary of Harari. U of California Publications in Near Eastern Studies 1.
Lipski, John M. 1991. Metathesis as a template-matching: A case study from Spanish. Folia Linguistica Historica 12.1–2:127–145.
Lockwood, W.B. 1955. An Introduction to Modern Faroese. Kobenhavn: Ejnar Munksgaard.
Łukaszewicz, Beata. 2007. Reduction in syllable onsets in the acquisition of Polish: Deletion, coalescence, metathesis and gemination. Journal of Child Language 34.1: 53–82. doi:10.1017/S0305000906007707
Lunden, S.L.A. 2011. Evidence for conjoined constraint disjunction in Creek. In S. Lima, K. Mullin, & B. Smith (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society (pp. 571-584).
Lupker, Stephen J., Manuel Perea, and Colin J. Davis. 2008. Transposed-letter effects: Consonants, vowels and letter frequency. Language and Cognitive Processes 23.1: 93–116. doi:10.1080/01690960701579714
Lyche, Chantal. 1995. Schwa Metathesis in Cajun French. Folia Linguistica XXIX/3-4. 369- 393.
Lynch, J. 2001. Too much to swallow: On terms meaning 'swallow' in Oceanic languages. Oceanic Linguistics , 40(2): 336-341.
Lynch, John. 1978. A grammar of Lenakel. Pacific Linguistics Series B 55.
M top
MacKay, D. G. 1970. Spoonerisms: The structure of errors in the serial order of speech. Neuropsychologia 8.3:323–350. [doi:10.1016/0028–3932(70)90078–3]
Macuch, Rudolf. 1965. Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic. Walter de Gruyter & Co.: Berlin.
[Maisak, T.A.] Майсак Т. А. Глагольная парадигма удинского языка (ниджский диалект) // Алексеев М. Е., Майсак Т. А. (отв. ред.) Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка. М.: Academia, 2008. С. 96—161.
Makashay, Matthew. 2001. Lexical effects in the perception of obstruent ordering. In Hume, Elizabeth, Norval Smith and Jeroen van de Weijer (eds.), Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden: HIL.
Malecot, A. 1956. Acoustic cues for nasal consonants: An experimental study involving a tape-slicing technique. Language 32. 274-28.
Malone, J. 1971. Systematic metathesis in Mandaic. Lg. 47. 394-415.
Malone, Joseph 1985. Classical mandaic radical metathesis, radical assimilation and the devil's advocate. General Linguistics 25:92-121.
Mann, S.E. 1941. The reduced prefixes Ks- and d∂/d-, and metathesis in Greek. Transactions of the Philological Society , 41(1). doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1941.tb01225.x
Martinet, A. 1970. Economie des changements phonétiques.
Mattina, Anthony. 1979. Pharyngeal movement in Colville and related phenomena in the Interior Salish languages. International Journal of American Linguistics 45. 17-24.
Maze, C. 1969. Étude sur le langage de la banlieue du Havre. Réimpression de l'edition de Paris, 1903. (Bibliothéque des dictionnaires patois de la France, première série, X.) Geneva: Slatkine Reprints.
McCall, Betsy. 1998. Restrictions on Stop-Stop Clusters in Ancient Greek: Implications for Alignment. Paper presented at the Mid-Continental Workshop on Phonology. University of Michigan.
McCall, Betsy. 2000. Metathesis, Deletion, Dissimilation and Consonant Ordering in Proto-Greek. Proceedings of the 11th UCLA Indo-European Conference, Journal of Indo-European Studies.
McCarthy, John J. 1989. Linear Order in Phonology Representation. Linguistic Inquiry 20: 71-99.
McCarthy, John J. 1999. The Prosody of Phase in Rotuman. Natural Lanugage and Linguistic Theory 17. .
McCarthy, John, 1995. Extensions of Faithfulness: Rotuman Revisited. ms. UMass, Amherst.
Mielke, Jeff & Elizabeth Hume. 2001. Considerations of Word Recognition for Metathesis. In E.Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer, Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden: HIL. 2001.
Mielke, Jeff. 2002. Turkish /h/ deletion: evidence for the interplay of speech perception and phonology. Proceedings of NELS 32.
Molinu, Lucia. 1998. La syllabe en Sarde. Ph.D. dissertation. Universite Stendhal.
Molinu, Lucia. 1999. Métathèse et variation en Sarde. Cahiers de Grammaire 24:153–181.
Montler, Timothy. 1989. Infixation, reduplication, and metathesis in the Saanich actual aspect. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 9.1.:
Montler, Timothy R. 1986. An outline of the morphology and phonology of Saanich, North Straits Salish. University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics , No. 4..
Montler, Timothy R. 1989. Infixation, Reduplication, and Metathesis in the Saanich Actual Aspect. Southwest Journal of Linguistics. vol. 9 (1). University of North Texas Press.
Morgan, L.Z. 2001. A Franco-Italian etymological note: borfulu. Neophilologus , 85: 529-534.
Morris, William (ed.). 1969. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Boston/New York/Atlanta/Geneva, Illinois/Dallas/Palo Alto.
N top
Newman, Stanley. 1944. Yokuts Language of California. New York: Viking Fund Publication in Anthropology, no.2.
Nooteboom, Sieb G., and Hugo Quené. 2013. Heft lemisphere: Exchanges predominate in segmental speech errors. Journal of Memory and Language 68.1:26–38. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.08.004
O top
Ohala, John. 1992. Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints. Chicago Linguistics Society: Papers from the Parasession on the Syllable. Chicago: CLS. 319-338.
Okrand, Marc. 1979. Metathesis in Costanoan grammar. International Journal of American Linguistics 45.2:123–130. doi:10.1086/465583
Oomen, Antoinette, 1981. Gender and Plurality in Rendille. Afroasiatic Linguistics 8(1), 35-75.
Ourso, Meterwa. 1989. Lama Phonology and Morphology. Ph. D. dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
P top
Painter, R.K. 2011. Acoustic and perceptual explanations for rhotacism in Latin and Germanic. Ph.D. diss., University at Buffalo.
Park, Haeil. 2006. Local intrasyllabic consonant cluster metathesis: Dynamical aspects. 언어연구 [Eoneoyeongu] 23.1:97–124.
Parker, Gary John. 1969. Ayacucho Quechua Grammar and Dictionary. Mouton: The Hague.
Parks, Douglas R. 1976. A Grammar of Pawnee. Garland Publishing, Inc.; New York & London.
Pawley, Andrew. 1982. Kwara'ae 'Metathesis' as a Gradual Sound Change. Ling 83. 102..
Perea, Manuel, and Manuel Carreiras. 2008. Do orthotactics and phonology constrain the transposed-letter effect? Language and Cognitive Processes 23.1: 69–92. doi:10.1080/01690960701578146
Phelps, Elaine. 1975. Simplicity criteria in generative phonology: Kasem nominals. Linguistic Analysis 1: 297-332..
Phelps, Elaine. 1979. Abstractness and Rule Ordering in Kasem: A Refutation of Halle's Maximizing Principle. Linguistic Analysis 5 (1): 29-68.
Pischel, R. 1965. (2nd ed., trans. Subjadra Iha). Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages. Delhi/Varanasi/Patna.
Picard, Marc. 1989. A reanalysis of Armenian prothesis and metathesis. Folia Linguistica Historica 10.1–2:61–69. doi:10.1515/flih.1989.10.1–2.61
Plag, I., & Uffmann, C. 1999. Phonological restructuring in Creole: The development of paragogue in Sranan. In Edgar Werner Schneider (Ed.), Degrees of restructuring in creole languages (pp. 309–336). John Benjamins.
Poletto, R. 1993. Metathesis and related processes in Wichita. ms. Ohio State University.
Postal, Paul M. 1969. Mohawk vowel doubling. International Journal of American Lingusitics 35. 291-98.
Poulsen, J. 1980. The Faroese Language Situation. Minority Languages Today. Haugen, E. (eds.). Edinburgh Univ. Press. 144-151.
Powell, J. V. 1985. An occurrence of metathesis in Chumakuan. In Acson, Veneeta Z., & R. Leed. eds., For Gordon H. Fairbanks. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Powell, Jay V. 1985. An occurrence of metathesis in Chimakuan. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications 20:105–110.
Powlison. 1962. Palatalization portmanteaus in Yagua (Peba-Yaguan). Word 18. 280-9.
Prunet, J-F. 2006. External evidence and the Semitic root. Morphology , 16:41-67. doi: 10.1007/s11525-006-0003-5
Prunet, Jean-François, Renée Béland, and Ali Idrissi. 2000. The mental representation of Semitic words. Linguistic Inquiry 31.4: 609–648. doi:10.1162/002438900554497
Puech. G. 1979. Les Parlers maltais. Ph.D. dissertation. Université Lyon II.
Pyle, Charles.1970. West Greenlandic Eskimo and the representation of vowel length. Research on Language & Social Interaction 3.1:115–146. doi:10.1080/08351817009389142
R top
Rice, Keren. 1992. On Deriving Sonority: A Structural Account of Sonority Relationships. Phonology 9. 61-99.
Rischel, Jørgen 1974. Topics in West Greenlandic Phonology. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
Rischel, Jørgen. 1972. Consonant Reduction in Faroese Noncompound Wordforms. In Firchow, E. S., Grimstad, K. Hasselmo, N. & W. A. O'Neil (eds.), Studies for Einar Haugen presented by Friends and Colleagues. 482-497.
Rood, David. 1976. Wichita Grammar. New York: Garland Publishing.
Ruijgh, C.J. 1968. Observations sur la 'metathese de quantite'. Lingua , 21:382-399.
S top
Sadock, Jerrold M. 1972. In defense of metathesis in Greenlandic. Paper in Linguistics 5.1: 1–9. doi:10.1080/08351817209370282
Sagey, E. 1986. The Representation of features and relations in nonlinear phonology. PhD dissertation. MIT. 106-112.
Sanders, Gerald. 1990. On the Analysis and Implications of Maori Verb Alternations. Lingua 80. 149-196.
Schachter, Paul and Fe Otanes. 1972. Tagalog Reference Grammar. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. John Wolff, p.c.
Schmidt, Deborah. 1994. Phantom consonants in Basaa. Phonology 11. 149-178.
Schmidt, Hans. 2003. Temathesis in Rotuman. In Issues in Austronesian Historical Phonology. Edited by John Lynch, 175–207. Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. ISBN: 9780858835030
Schneider-Zioga, P. 2012. Phonological precedence in dyslexia: A case study. Language Acquisition , 19:183-222. doi:10.1080/10489223.2012.685025
Schulze, Wolfgang. 2001. An online grammar of Udi. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen. http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~wschulze/udiphon.ht.
Schulze, Wolfgang. 2002. The sound system of Udi. Chapter 2 of unpublished ms.
Semiloff-Zelasko, Holly. 1973. Glide Metatheses. OSUWPL 14. 66-76.
Seo, Misun, and Elizabeth Hume. 2001. A comparative OT account of metathesis in Faroese and Lithuanian. In E. Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer (eds.), Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden: HIL.
Shaver, Dwight and Gwynne Shaver 1989. Un bosquejo de la metatesis en el Quechua de Incahuasi. Lima, Peru: Instituto Linguistico de Verano y el Ministeriao de Educacion.
Sheidlower, J. 2002. Confronting 'NOO-kyuh-luhr' proliferation. New York Times (1923-current file): Octo 13, 2002; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2009), pg. C2.
Shetler, J. 1976. Notes on Balangao Grammar. SIL Asian-Pacific Series. Huntington Beach, CA.
Shevelov, George Y. 1964. A prehistory of Slavic: The historical phonology of Common Slavic. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Silva, Clare M. 1973. Metathesis of Obstruent Clusters. OSUWPL 14. 77- 84.
Sim, Ronald J., 1981. Morphophonemics of the Verb in Rendille. Afroasiatic Linguistics 8(1), 1-33.
Smith, Norval 1984. All change on CV-tier: developments in the history on ANtim and ANutiRi. In Hans Benis and W.U.S. van Lessen Kloeke (eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands. Dordrecht: Foris.
Sohn, Ho-min. 1980. Metathesis in Kwara'ae. Lingua 52. 305-323.
Spence, Nicol 1990. 'Sporadic' changes in Jersey French. In J. Green and W. Ayres-Bennet (eds.), Variation and Change in French: Essays presented to Rebecca Posner on the occasion of her sixtieth birthday. New York: Routledge. 210-225.
Steinhauer, Hein. 1993. Notes on verbs in Dawanese (Timor). Topics in descriptive Austronesian linguistics, ed. by Ger P. Reesink, 130-58. Leiden: Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, Vakgroep Talen en Culteren van Zuidoost-Azie en Oceanie.
Steinhauer, Hein. 1996. Morphemic metathesis in Dawanese (Timor). Papers in Austronesian linguistics no. 3, ed. by H. Steinhauer, 217-32. (Pacific Linguistics, A-84.) Canberra: Australian National University.
Steinhauer, Hein. 1996. Morphemic metathesis in Dawanese (Timor). Pacific Linguistics. Series A. Occasional Papers. 84 :217–232.
Steriade, Donca. 1982. Greek prosodies and the nature of syllabification. Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation.
Steriade, Donca. 2001. Directional asymmetries in assimilation. In E. Hume & K. Johnson (eds.), The Role of Perception in Phonology. New York: Academic. 219-278.
Stevens, Lee Anthony. 1991. The phonology of Roma, an Austronesian Language of Eastern Indonesia. MA Thesis. The University of Texas at Arlington.
Stonham, J. 2005. Metathesis. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , 2nd edition, vol. 8, pp. 92-94. Oxford: Elsevier.
Stonham, J. 2007. Metathesis as Prosodic Repair. Journal of Phonetics, Phonology & Morphology , 13(1): 3-24.
Stonham, John. 1990. Current Issues in Morphological Theory. PhD dissertation. Stanford University.
Stonham, John. 1994. Combinatorial Morphology. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Series IV, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; v. 120. John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
T top
Tauli, Valter. 1966. Structural tendencies in Uralic languages. Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series Vol. 17.
Thompson, L. C. & M. T. Thompson. 1969. Clallam: A Preview. In Jesse Sawyer (ed.) Studies in American Indian Languages , University of California Papers in Linguistics 65: 251-294.
Thompson, L. C. & M. T. Thompson. 1969. Metathesis as a Grammatical Device. International Journal of American Linguistics , 35:213-219.
Thompson, Laurence 1972. Un cas de métaphonie en Lummi. Langues et techniques, nature et société. Paris: Klincksieck.
Thompson, Laurence and Barbara Efrat 1972. Some phonological developments in Straits Salish. University of Hawaii Working Papers in Linguistics 4:105-136.
Thompson, Laurence C. 1979. Salishan and the Northwest. The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment , ed. by Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, 692-765. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Thompson, Laurence, M. Terry Thompson, and Steven M. Edgesfdal. 1996. Sketch of Thompson, a Salishan language. Handbook of North American Indians , vol. 17, Languages, ed. by Ives Goddard, 609-43. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
Thurneysen, Rudolf. 1966. (rev. ed.) A Grammar of Old Irish. Dublin.
Timberlake, Alan 1985. The metathesis of liquid dipthongs in Upper Sorbian. International Journal of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics 31-32:417-30.
Tuttle, Edward. 1997. Preferential and pseudo-metathesis (in Italo-Romance dialects). In P. M, Bertinetto, L. Gaeta, G. Jetchev & D. Michaels (eds.), Ceramen Phonologicum III. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier.
U top
Ultan, Russell. 1978. A Typological View of Metathesis. In J. Greenberg (ed.), Universals of Human Language vol. 2. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 368-399.
Underhill, R. 1971. Metathesis vs. Gemination in Greenlandic. Papers in Linguistics 4:2. 299-311.
V top
Vago, Robert M. 1980. The Sound Pattern of Hungarian. Georgetown University Press: Washington, D. C.
van der Hulst, Harry and Aone van Engelenhoven. 1993. Metathesis effects in Tutukeian-Letinese. ms. Leiden University.
van der Hulst, Harry and Aone van Engelenhoven. 1995. Metathesis effects in Leti. In Harry van der Hulst and Jeroen van de Weijer (eds.), Leiden in Last. HIL Phonology Papers I. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics..
van der Hulst, Harry, and Aone van Engelenhoven. 1995. Metathesis effects in Tutukeian-Letinese. In Leiden in last. Edited by Harry van der Hulst and Jeroen Maarten van de Weijer, 243–267. The Hague : Holland Academic Graphics. ISBN: 9789055690084
van Engelenhoven, Aone. 1994. A Description of the Leti language. PhD dissertation. University of Leiden.
van Engelenhoven, Aone. 1995. Van Proto Malayo-Polynesisch naar Proto Luangisch-Kisarisch. Tales from a concave world: Liver amicorum Bert Voorhoeve , ed. by Connie Baak, Mary Bakker, Dick van der Meij, 246-64. Leiden: Projects Division, Dept. of Languages and Cultures of South-East Asia and Oceania, Leiden University.
van Engelenhoven, Aone. 1996. Metathesis and the quest for definiteness in the Leti of Tutukei (East Indonesia). In H. Steinhauer (ed.), Papers in Austronesian Linguistics 3. Pacific Linguistics. 207-215.
Vennemann, Theo, 1988. Preference Laws for Syllable Structure. Berlin: Mouton.
Voegelin, C. 1934. Tubatulabal grammar. Univ. of California Publication in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34.
W top
Wanner, Dieter. 1989. On Metathesis in Diachrony. In Wiltshire, Caroline, R. Eraczyk, B. Music (eds.), CLS 25: Papers from the 25th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: CLS.
Watson-Gegeo, Karen Ann, and David W. Gegeo. 1986. Calling-out and repeating routines in Kwara'ae children's language socialization. Language socialization across cultures , ed. by Bambi B. Schieffelin and Elinor Ochs, 17-50. Cambridge University Press.
Webb, Charlotte. 1974. Metathesis. PhD. dissertation. University of Texas, Austin.
Webb, E.R. 2011. Accounting for R: shifting segments and constraint-based grammar. Language Sciences , 33: 90-106.
Webb, Eric Russell, and Travis G. Bradley. 2009. Rhotic metathesis asymmetries in Romance: Formalizing the effects of articulation and perception on sound change. Selected papers from the 37th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), Pittsburgh, 15-18 March 2007. Edited by Pascual José Masullo, Erin O'Rourke, and Chia-Hui Huang, 321–337. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN: 9789027248206
Weber, David John. 1989. A grammar of Huallaga (Huanuco) Quechua. University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.
West, John David. 1962. The Phonology of Mikasuki. Studies in Linguistics. Vol. 16. Nos. 3-4. 77-91.
Wijeratne, P. B. F. 1957. Phonology of the Sinhalese inscriptions up to the end of the tenth century. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 19: 479-514.
Wiltshire, Caroline, and Randolph Graczyk. 1989. On metathesis in diachrony. In CLS 25: Papers from the 25th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Part One: The General Session 1. Edited by Bradley Music, 25:434–450. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society. ISBN: 9780914203322
Winfield, W. W. 1928. A Grammar of the Kui Language. Calcutta: The Asiatic Society of Bengal.
Winters, Stephen. 2001. Putting place in its place: Evaluating place perception in VCCV sequences. In E. Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer, Surface Syllable Structuring and Segment Sequencing. Leiden, NL: HIL.
Wireback, K. 2001. A gradual approach to sibilant + /j/ metathesis in Hispano-Romance. La coronica: A Journal of Medieval Hispanic Languages, Literatures, and Cultures , 30(1): 159-203. doi: 10.1353/cor.2001.0010
Wireback, K. 2005. Metathesis. In P. Strasny (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Linguistics . London: Routledge.
Wireback, Kenneth J. 2002. On the metathesis of labials + /J/ in Hispano-Romance. Hispanic Review 70.3:311–331. doi:10.2307/3247205
Wireback, Kenneth. 2005. On the regularization of consonant + consonant metathesis in the history of Spanish. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 82.2: 137–158. doi:10.3828/bhs.82.2.1
Wolfenden, Elmer. 1971. Hiligaynon Reference Grammar. University of Hawaii Press, Manoa.
Wolff, John U. 1972. A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program and Linguistic Society of the Philippines: New York.
Wonderly, W. 1951. Zoque: Phonemics and Morphology. International Journal of American Linguistics 17, 1-4; 18, 1, 4.
Wood, S.E., Hardcastle, W.J., & Gibbon, F.E. 2011. EPG patterns in a patient with phonemic paraphasic errors. Journal of Neurolinguistics , 24:213-221.
Wright, Joseph & Elizabeth Mary Wright. 1925. Old English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford English Press.
Y top
Yoon, T-J. 2003. Laryngeal metathesis as perceptual optimization. Midcontinental Workshop on Phonology 9. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Yoshida, Shohei. 1993 Licensing of empty nuclei: The case of Palestinian vowel harmony. The Linguistic Review 10. 127-159.
Yu, A.C.L. 2004. Infixing with a vengeance: Pingding Mandarin Infixation. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13, 39-58.
Z top
Zaborsky, Andrzej, 1986. The Morphology of Nominal Plural in the Cushitic Languages. Institute für Afrikanistik und Agyptologie der Universität Wien. Wien.
Zorc, R. David Paul & Madina M. Osman. 1993. Somali-English dictionary with English index. Dunwoody Press: Kensington, Md.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home / Government & Politics / Politics / Undesirable: Captain Zuzenko and the Workers of Australia and the World
Undesirable: Captain Zuzenko and the Workers of Australia and the World
Undesirable: Captain Zuzenko and the Workers of Australia and the World quantity
Kevin Windle
SKU: 275 Categories: Australian History, Politics, World History
'This extraordinary fellow should figure more in our national history than he does.'—Phillip Adams
Alexander Zuzenko, a sailor and veteran of the failed 1905 revolution in Russia, arrived in Australia in 1911 and embarked upon a career of industrial and political agitation and radical journalism. Soon branded 'an unscrupulous advocate of Bolshevism' by the security services, he went on to head the Union of Russian Workers in Brisbane and led the red flag demonstration in 1919, which precipitated his deportation to Soviet Russia. Three years later he returned as a clandestine agent of the Comintern, tasked with consolidating and unifying the factions of the Communist Party of Australia, a venture which ended in his second deportation. He then became a captain in the Soviet merchant fleet, in frequent contact with Western visitors such as Henri Barbusse, George Bernard Shaw, William Gallacher, and Sidney and Beatrice Webb, until Stalin's purges and a charge of being a 'British spy' ended that career in 1938.
'Zuzenko is a figure of enormous fascination, whom Kevin Windle has used as a lens on Russian history and onto important aspects of Australian history.'—Thomas Keneally
'This book has done an absorbing job of tracing the half-hidden life of one of Stalin's victims.'—Owen Richardson, The Age
'This is a great part of our history, which ought to be better known.'—Phillip Adams, Late Night Live
Kevin Windle teaches Translation Studies and Russian in the School of Language Studies at the Australian National University. His major publications include The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies edited by Kirsten Malmkjaer and Kevin Windle, Our Unswerving Loyalty: A documentary survey of relations between the Communist Party of Australia and Moscow 1920–1940 edited by David Lovell and Kevin Windle, ANU E Press, and numerous translations of literary and scholarly works from Russian, Polish and other languages.
Be the first to review "Undesirable: Captain Zuzenko and the Workers of Australia and the World" Cancel reply
The Outsider – A Portrait of Ursula Hoff
Cheon of the Never Never Dancing with Warriors: A Diplomatic Memoir
You're viewing: Undesirable: Captain Zuzenko and the Workers of Australia and the World $44.00


text:
Last edited by Nazilkree
2 edition of Exhibition of liturgical arts, 29 July-8 August, 1976, Philadelphia Civic Center found in the catalog.
Published 1976 by 41st International Eucharistic Congress] in [Philadelphia .
Art and religion -- Exhibitions.,
Liturgical objects -- Exhibitions.,
Art, Modern -- 20th century -- Exhibitions.
Statement organized by the 41st International Eucharistic Congress.
Contributions International Eucharistic Congress, Philadelphia, 1976.
LC Classifications N7790 .E87
Pagination 72 p. :
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Born in Philadelphia September 8, - Decem Winter issue of SASnews: We were saddened to learn that Richard H. Reinhardt died late last year. He had been an Artisan member since the Society's founding in A Schubertian Epiphany--January 12 free Sacred Arts Chorale concert Ministry in a Pluralistic World C-RP KC Interfaith History Project continues. King Holiday Essay. Lenten Series: When Even Evil Will Ordain the Good -- Mar 5, 12, 19, 26 Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd. KILLERS ON THE LOOSE "El Depredador of Ciudad Juarez" () Since August, , Mexican Federales have been baffled by the growing number of girls and young women appearing dead in the outskirts of Ciudad Juarez a border town next to El Paso with a population of 2 million. The numbers of dead vary according to the source. Here at the Archives we believe there have been at least . Published since , the GPO Style Manual is issued under the authority of section of title 44 of the U.S. Code by the Director of the GPO. The Manual is prepared by the GPO Style Board as a guide to the style and form of Federal Government publishing. The GPO Style Manual has become a major reference source for professionals involved in the field of Federal printing and publishing.
Periwinkle Smith and the twirly, whirly tutu
Exhibition of drawings and watercolours.
Album of selected pieces for piano solo.
Career guidance: who needs it, who provides it, who can improve it.
Yankee Doodle painter
The Mets Trivia Book
Scalar field theory as a theory of gravitation.
Fifth Report
Exhibition of liturgical arts, 29 July-8 August, 1976, Philadelphia Civic Center Download PDF EPUB FB2
Exhibition of liturgical arts, organized by the 41st International Eucharistic Congress, 29 July-8 August [at the] Philadelphia Civic Center. Collection: P Call# P Published Place: Philadelphia Publisher: 41st International Eucharistic Congress, Inc.
Published Date. Exhibition of liturgical arts, 29 July-8 August,Philadelphia Civic Center. [Philadelphia]: [41st International Eucharistic Congress], © (OCoLC) Exhibition of Liturgical Arts 29th July - 8th August Philadelphia Civic Center Catalogue by the 41st International Eucharistic Congress, with an introduction by Victoria Donohue, includes Neel's Archbishop Jean Jadot, As a nonprofit performing arts organization that relies heavily on ticket sales for support, this pandemic has significantly affected the livelihood of our Cultural Campus.
Please consider making 1976. The Picture Framers Gallery, Flower Paintings (a two-artist exhibition) Philadelphia, Pa., Philadelphia Art Alliance, Works on Paper Philadelphia, Eric Makler Gallery, Summer Stock Philadelphia, Pa., Museum of the Philadelphia Civic Center, The Fellowship of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Annual Juried Exhibition.
Aug Peoria Civic Center Peoria, IL: WinC Con Cancelled: Aug New York Public Library - Stephen A. Schwarzman Building New York, NY: Anime Festival Melbourne Cancelled: AugustMelbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre (MCEC) South Wharf, Victoria, Australia: Boise Comic Arts Festival August.
Aug Peoria Civic Center Peoria, IL: WinC Con Cancelled: Aug New York Public Library - Stephen A. Schwarzman Building New York, NY: Boise Comic Arts Festival AugustJUMP (Jack's Urban Meeting Place) Boise, ID: Fort Collins Comic Con AugustNorthside Aztlan Community Center Fort.
August 2, Civic Center, Baltimore, MD (supported by KISS) August 3, Civic Center, Providence, RI (supported by KISS) August 4, Madison Square Garden, New York City, NY August 5, Convention Hall, Asbury Park, NJ (supported by Fire Ballet) August 6, Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA (supported by Status Quo and Slade).
J Memorial Auditorium, Buffalo, NY (supported by Climax Blues Band) J Civic Center, Baltimore, MD J Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA J The Scope, Norfolk, VA J Rupp Arena, Lexington, KY J Birmingham Jefferson Civic Center Coliseum, Birmingham, AL (supported by AC/DC) June His articles on fresco painting, mosaics, and the multi-dimensional principle of color animation, appeared in American Artist, Today's Art, Liturgical Art, and the Book of Knowledge.
After 18 years, he had to vacate the studio at West 13th Street, New York City. Roanoke is the largest municipality in Southwest Virginia, and is the principal municipality of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had a 29 July-8 August ofIt is composed of the independent cities of Roanoke and Salem, and Botetourt, Craig, Franklin, and Roanoke counties.
Bisected by the Roanoke River, Roanoke is the commercial and cultural hub of much of Southwest. The Liberty Bell, previously called the State House Bell or Old State House Bell, is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia, placed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House (now renamed Independence Hall), the bell today is located in the Liberty Bell Center in Independence National Historical Park.
Please Touch Museum, Philadelphia – Adviser for exhibit on Centennial Exhibition, August Independence National Historical Park – External reviewer for Liberty Bell Center film, Philadelphia Inquirer – Consulted on historical graphics about Liberty Bell Center, October July 8 - Manchester, USA - Riverfront Park.
July 9 - Middletown, USA - Orange County Fairgrounds August 29 - Edmonton, Canada - Edmonton Coliseum. August 30 - Saskatoon, Canada - Saskatchewan Place September 1 - Casper, USA - Casper Events Center.
September 2 - Rapid City, USA - Rushmore Plaza Civic Center. September 3 - Sioux Falls. The Rush Tour Date Listing @ has been gleaned from numerous sources over the years, including various online resources, websites, and lists, concert articles and reviews that appear in the Library section of this site, the myriad of books on Rush and their supporting acts, and countless emails and comments received from visitors to this site - a big thank you to all who have.
Calendar of events for the National Constitution Center. After 29 weeks, this was its last appearance on the chart. It reached its highest position at #13 on J where it stayed for two weeks.
Donny's album, Too Young fell to #85 on Billboard's Top Selling Albums Chart. The Osmonds' album, Crazy Horses, fell to #17 on Billboard's Top Selling LP's Chart. Thread Lines will be on view at Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft, Louisville, Kentucky, April 29 through August 6, This exhibition was on view at The Drawing Center.
Feb. 12, Wheeling Civic Center. Wheeling, WV Feb. 13, - State Theater, New Brunswick, NJ - Opening "act"--some lame guitar player from the local college.
The Santana Tour was the first concert tour by the American rock band Santana, promoting their self-titled debut album. History. marked the first year Santana entered the mainstream, thanks to the group's appearance at the Woodstock festival, where drummer Michael Shrieve, a was one of the youngest musicians to play at the festival, and the success of their self-titled debut album.
Aug Civic Center. Lansing, MI (Thin Lizzy) Aug Cobo Hall. Lancret (in French; Paris: Les Beaux-Arts, Édition d'Études et de Documents, c), by Georges Wildenstein (page images with commentary at ) August 3, Cat o' Mountain (Philadelphia: Penn Pub.
Co., ), by Arthur O. Friel, illust. by Donald S. Humphreys (multiple formats at ). is the leading provider of online obituaries for the newspaper industry. enhances online obituaries with Guest Books, funeral home information, and florist links.
Mickey Mouse History and Other Essays on American Memory (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, ). / Winner of the Historic Preservation Book Prize for Gotham: A History of New York City to [with Edwin G.
Burrows] (New York: Oxford University Press, ). / Winner of Pulitzer Prize for History / Winner of New York. The Born in the U.S.A. Tour was the supporting concert tour of Bruce Springsteen's Born in the U.S.A.
album. It was his longest and most successful tour to date. It featured a physically transformed Springsteen; after two years of bodybuilding, the singer had bulked up tour was the first since the portions of the Born to Run tours without guitarist Steven Van Zandt, who.
The Standing Commission on Liturgy and Music (SCLM) is pleased to announce the release of The Book of Occasional Services The availability of this liturgical resource is the result of action taken at last summer's 79th General Convention of The Episcopal Church.
The U.S. Congress enacted legislation to establish the Smithsonian Institution, and President James K. Polk signed the bill that same day. The Institution's centennial in August saw only a small exhibition inside the National Museum of Natural History, so hopes were high for something bigger to mark the sesquicentennial in Manfried Mauskopf G'48, Philadelphia, Aug.
29, Hermine Strickler Mitchell Ar'48, Philadelphia, one of the founders of the American Institute of Architects bookstore in Philadelphia and of the Philadelphia School District's architecture-in-education program; June She was a board member of Wyck, a national historic landmark in.
"Panorama and Pointillism on 9/11," Review of Out of the Blue: The Story of Sept. 11,New York Times (Aug ). "Green, Rocky Road," Review of Books on Bronx Ecology, New York Times (Aug ). Patricia Vestal, who taught art at the Creative Arts Center of Haile Selassie I University fromreminisced about attending a reception at Jubilee Palace and having Halie Selassie attend her students' art show.
Ethiopianist Ted Vestal spoke about the Emperor's state visit and gave details about the Oklahoma segment of the journey. The Graduate Center, The City University of New York Established inthe Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) is devoted primarily to doctoral studies and awards most of CUNY's doctoral degrees.
An internationally recognized center for advanced studies and a national model for public doctoral education, the Graduate Center offers more than thirty doctoral programs in. Current Account Balance on goods-1, Imports-1, Exports Balance on services Balance on income Current transfers 1, Capital Account Financial Account: Direct investment abroad Direct investment in Ethiopia Portfolio investment assets.
Festival of Arts. July 8 - September 3, Laguna Canyon Rd, Laguna Beach Come discover the Festival of Arts in Laguna Beach- a juried fine art show featuring of Orange County's top artists in an open-air gallery setting.
JanuaryAsh Grove, Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles, CA with The Kentucky Colonels Supposedly Mark Andes' first gigs with the band. JanuaryAsh Grove, Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles, CA Janu Griffith Park, Los Angeles, CA with Frenz, Sound Machine, Ilford Subway, Ma's Preserve Jug Band "The Human Be-In" The band was advertised only as.
Official site includes information about The Dead, individual band members, merchandise, the Dick's Picks series, links, pictures, almanac, message board, tickets and tour information.
ART IN THE AGE OF TRUTHINESS Site Santa Fe July 8, —January 6, Minneapolis Institute of Arts March 21—June 9, An 8-byfoot paper sculpture of a Red Crowned Crane by Larry Hatfield (BS Advertising Design) has been accepted into the Bird, Nest, Nature juried invitational exhibition at Bedford Gallery at the Lesher Center for the Arts in Walnut Creek, California.
Hatfield hand-cuts all of his pieces in his studio in El Sobrante, California, using an X-Acto knife and 2- 3- or 4-ply Bristol paper. To inquire about republishing archival content, please contact The YGS Group: [email protected], by is a site dedicated to listing all fantasy conventions around the world.
It is built on top of a platform pioneered by and and shares the same database, but only lists fantasy cons (and cons with significant fantasy programming). "Revision and Reformation: Post-War Magazines and Journals "; Session "American Architecture Through American Eyes: Magazines and Journals " (chaired by Suzanne Stephens, Barnard College); Symposium The Building and the Book: Architectural Publishing in America; Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture.
July 8, 29, Aug pm ET; Life & Liberation Book Club: A Summer of Women Writers Sponsored by the Carl A. Fields Center and the Office of Religious Life.
Join Tennille Haynes and Theresa Thames as they facilitate bi-weekly book discussions on alternate Tuesdays at in June, July and August.The Art and Change Grants and the Leeway Transformation Awards fund women and trans artists (including those identifying as transgender, transsexual, and/or genderqueer) living in the Delaware Valley region of Bucks, Camden, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia Counties, who engage in art and social change work and have financial need.University Mourns Loss of Dr.
Richard Brettell, Distinguished Professor, Arts Leader Dr. Richard Brettell, 71, longtime professor of art and aesthetic studies and founding director of the Edith O'Donnell Institute of Art History at The University of Texas at Dallas, passed away Friday, July "Rick was a remarkable scholar and educator and one of the leading voices in the.


text:
Viewpoint: Saving the feathered jewels of Cuba
December 1, 2021	on Commentary, Opinion
By Michael J. Good
I had an opportunity to be an ambassador to Cuba 19 years ago and led my first Cuba bird survey in a country whose ecology I have now come to love as deeply as my own home. During February 2022, I am looking forward to leading a Cuban bird survey with my friend and colleague Jim Wright, author of the recently published book "The Real James Bond" and a team of birders for Caribbean Conservation Trust.
I have come to know Cuba's vital importance to the ecological stability of America and our continent's bird populations. For example, 80 percent of the black-throated blue warbler population overwinter in Cuba and there are over a hundred species of birds, including many of our eastern warblers, that winter in Cuba too. Cuba and America are connected by our birds.
America must allow Cuba to thrive socially and ecologically. A degraded Cuba and the uncertainties of climate change create an unprecedented national security threat to our nations if we cannot find solutions to the current economic threats from the Cuban embargo. America's government must end the Cuban embargo because our economies are both dependent on healthy and thriving ecological systems.
Over these decades of work in Cuba, I have met some of the most hard working and creative people, seen the dedication of the Cuban people and have watched them overcome the complexities of political upheaval and now the COVID-19 madness instigated by the former American president.
Nothing over the last four years has made much sense and the degradation of Cuba, out of total spite and malice, is one of the most colossal blunders of American national policy, one with potentially devastating ecological ramifications for our collective bird populations and posing a serious national security threat to both Cuba and America.
During my amazing years of travel in Cuba, I have met some of the most intriguing, talented people and ornithologists, all dedicated to a deeper understanding of Cuba. Almost the entire eastern U.S. bird flyway travels to or through Cuba. America is connected to Cuba ecologically and therefore America must find political pathways that maintain the ecological stability currently found in Cuba. Cuba's ecology and ecological health is vital to the ecological security of the U.S.
Cuban and American ornithologists are also increasingly concerned about the illegal Cuban caged bird trade currently allowed to function in the open throughout Cuba. Migratory birds breeding in North America are caught in nets and other despicable ways along the northern coastlines of Cuba during the fall migration. These wild birds are then sold and bought by Cuban people and sold through the illegal bird trade.
Because of these unchecked policies, wild bird populations are suffering because the Cuban government has decided to turn a blind eye to the destruction of migratory birds. This makes no sense because of the ecotourism generated in Cuba each year by the bird-watching industry. In America, we enacted the vitally important Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and this is exactly what ornithologists would like the Cuban government to do – pass laws to stop the possession of wild birds and stop the caged bird trade. This unchecked practice is devastating thousands and thousands of vitally important birds who die needlessly every year in Cuba when they should be performing ecological services, like eating pest insects or making us all happy by singing in our forests for the tourism industry.
"Why Cuba?" has been a question often asked of me over the years. First of all, I had the opportunity to study wintering neotropical bird populations on a pelagic island where many of our eastern American breeding ducks, warblers, vireos and flycatchers cohabitate forests, fields and waters with Cuba's endemic species. Understanding these interactions and relationships helps me as a biologist to explain better to students the intricacies of migration and an opportunity to photograph the jewels of Cuba so you can see them too.
Michael J. Good is the president of Down East Nature Tours in Bar Harbor and lead biologist for Caribbean Conservation Trust in Hamden, Conn., which is committed to the conservation of native and migratory birds and their habitats in the greater Caribbean region, specifically in Cuba and Puerto Rico, and including all islands within the Caribbean basin. The CCT's regional scope includes the study of neotropical migrant bird species moving between North America and the greater Caribbean region, focusing on birds from the East and Midwest of the U.S.
Letters to the Editor Policy
The Mount Desert Islander welcomes letters to the editor. Letters of 350 words, and 500 words for Viewpoint submissions, are encouraged. All letters must include the writer's name, town of residence and a telephone number, for confirmation purposes only. Opinion pieces may be edited for slander, clarity or length. Anonymous letters, letters that serve as a thank-you, and those endorsing commercial products or establishments will not be accepted. The Islander will not publish election letters in the edition prior to that election. Letters should be sent to [email protected] and be received by Monday at 9 a.m.


VINT – Virtual National Team – is a social network that not only gives people an opportunity to communicate with others, as in any social network, but also allows ordinary people to participate along with athletes in the sporting life of their country. By joining your country's Virtual National Team, you will support your nation's athletes as they compete in actual competition, and you will represent your country in virtual competition against the Virtual National Teams of other countries. Furthermore, each and every member of the Virtual National Team will contribute to the sense of National Pride and Victory Spirit in their country.
Virtual National Team gives you a unique chance to record your name in the history of your country's sport as well as in world history. VINT will try to set an official record by amassing the largest Virtual National Team for the Guinness World Records organization. It is practically impossible to become a Guinness World Records holder alone, but together with Virtual National Team, it can be done!
Afterwards, a book with the names of the members of the largest Virtual National Team will be published. See your name in print and leave a keepsake to be passed down to future generations. This is your chance to be recorded in the annals of history – don't miss out!
Your friends, relatives and countrymen will be proud of you!


text:
Charitable Pharmacy sees more patients, more costs due to COVID-19
Rachel Karas The Columbus Dispatch USA TODAY NETWORK
Instead of walking into the pharmacy and talking with the staff as he picks up his medication, Robin Oats said he now has to wait in the parking lot until a masked worker can bring him his medications.
Oats, 53, from the East Side, has been a patient at the Charitable Pharmacy of Central Ohio since he moved back to Columbus five years ago. A big Packers fan, Oats said he always enjoyed chatting about football with the staff.
"I'm the biggest Packers fan there. They know I cannot stand Tom Brady, and there's some Steelers fans there and it's all good fun," he said.
Jennifer Seifert, a pharmacist and the executive director of the Charitable Pharmacy, said the pharmacy has had little fun facing the many challenges during the coronavirus pandemic, including increased demand for their services from those whose financial situations have been affected, as well as safety precautions from state regulators designed to prevent its spread.
>> This story is being provided free as a public service to our readers during the coronavirus outbreak. You can find more stories on coronavirus here. Please support local journalism by subscribing to The Columbus Dispatch at subscribe.dispatch.com.
The pharmacy — located Downtown just south of Interstate 70 and the only one of its kind in central Ohio — works to help people obtain medication who live on less than 200% of the federal poverty level, which is $25,520 annually for an individual and $52,400 for a family of four. Most of the pharmacy's patients are 60 or older, have multiple medications and can't afford some of them.
Since March, the pharmacy has served more than 1,000 patients with an overall increase of about 20% in the number of unduplicated patients, Seifert said in an email.
Charitable Pharmacy also saw an increase in the number of patients returning to the pharmacy who had not needed its services in years, Seifert said.
"This (pandemic) situation has created some desperate times," she said. "There are people that lost their jobs or that were put on medication that they didn't understand and wanted to ask us about and couldn't afford."
In addition to juggling more patients and the paperwork associated with that, the Charitable Pharmacy and other pharmacies around the state had to face the challenges revolving around COVID-19.
To reduce the amount of in-person contact, for example, Charitable Pharmacy and other pharmacies dispense a 60-day supply of drugs to patients on regular medications instead of a 30-day supply.
From March 12 through June 12, the Charitable Pharmacy dispensed $5 million worth of medications, Seifert said. During the same time frame last year, the pharmacy only dispensed $1.5 million worth of medications.
Instead of coming into the pharmacy to pick up their medications, patients of Charitable Pharmacy and many pharmacies get their pharmacy medications via curbside pickup or a drive-thru window.
Charitable Pharmacy hired three additional staffers to help with its curbside pick-up service, Seifert said.
The details of what the changes look like are different for each pharmacy, said Antonio Ciaccia, the director of government and public affairs at the Ohio Pharmacists Association.
After hearing concerns from pharmacists over changes in procedures at some pharmacies. Ciaccia said the Ohio Pharmacists Association worked with the State of Ohio Board of Pharmacy to create mandatory COVID-19 safety requirements for pharmacies statewide which he called "adequate and reasonable, yet effective infection control procedures."
Ciaccia said pharmacies like Charitable Pharmacy have made adjustments for safety measures, and some pharmacies have had to juggle the increased demand for longer medication supplies with limited funds.
Due to COVID-19 shutdown restrictions, volunteers were not allowed to come to Charitable Pharmacy to sort any medications donated from long-term care facilities, like nursing homes. Donated medications account for roughly 70% to 80% of supply, Seifert said, so that also increased the amount of medications the pharmacy had to order.
With the relaxation of pandemic restrictions in Ohio, volunteers have since returned. However, Seifert said the pharmacy has been over budget about $20,000 to $30,000 each month since March due to the increased need to order medications.
The pharmacy has gotten help from several organizations and donors, receiving about $75,000 from the United Way of Central Ohio and the Columbus Foundation.
The Franklin County Commissioners and Senior Options also offered funding through a resolution, which gave the pharmacy $99,200 to help with the care of patients over 60 years old.
While the pharmacy is very grateful for the assistance, Seifert estimates the funds "will cover about half of our response needs through the end of the year."
"It's going OK," Seifert said. "But now we've got the next hurdle, which is ... how long can we continue to work under their emergency protocols (of longer medication supplies)? How long will our partners allow that?"
As pharmacies continue to adjust, patients like Oats say they are just following suggestions so they can get their medications and stay healthy.
"It sucks because you have to sit outside and wait, but you gotta do what you gotta do," Oats said.
rkaras@dispatch.com
@RachelKaras3


Fronted by Dark Funeral vocalist Nachtgarm, Germany's Negator is back with their fourth album entitled "Gates to the Pantheon." When you mention Dark Funeral, you can expect that Negator will be an intense project and based on Negator's previous body of work, you know that their latest release will be heavy and dark.
From the outset of the album, with Epiclesis, Negator comes out of the proverbial gate with an explosion of violence and power. The unrelenting attack is no less forceful with the following track, Bringer of War, which is one of the best on the album. Negator does expand their dynamic sound though on songs like Serpent's Court where the band is not afraid to switch gears on you.
Overall, if you have heard Negator's work in the past, you will be more than content with "Gates to the Pantheon," and if you have not, then shame on you.