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"MoT #234 Florida's Racist Voting District Map Is All Part Of The Plan"
"The Rebellious Africans Many Enslavers Refused To Acquire"
"A History Of The African King Taharqa"
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: AFRICAN WARRIOR QUEEN YAA ASANTEWAA OF THE ASANTE EMPIRE!🇬🇭
Warrior Queen 👸🏿Yaa Asantawaa
Yaa Asantewaa was born in 1840 in Besease (a town in central Ghana), she was the daughter of a man named Kwaku Ampoma and a woman named Ata Po. Her brother was a man named Afrane Panin, he would become a chief of the people in a local community called Edweso. As she entered womanhood, she grew crops on her land and would enter into a polygamous marriage, (which was not uncommon for regal or wealthy men) with a man from the Asante captiol city of Kumasi.
Painting: The War of the Golden Stool, also known as the Yaa Asantewaa War
WAR READY
During the rule of her brother, Yaa Asantewaa witnessed the Asante Kingdom (formerly the Asante Empire), go through a major decline. Which was the result of it's five year civil war (1883-1888), and the Asante's long on-and-off bloody conflict with the British Empire. After the death of her brother in 1894, Asantewaa utilized her power and influence as Queen Mother to nominate her grandson as Ejisuhene (King/chief of Ejisu, a city near the Asante capitol city of Kumasi). In 1896, Yaa Asantewaa became regent of the Ejisu-Juaben district, after the British exiled her grandson, the Asante King, Prempeh l and several other nobles and government officials to the Seychelles Islands. Sir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson, who was the British governor-general of the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana), demanded the Golden Stool . which was and is believed by traditionalist to hold the soul of the Asante kingdom. The demeaning demand by the British led to a secret meeting with the highest remaining Asante officials. In the meeting there was a disagreement on rather or not to give the Golden Stool (the physical representation of the soul of the Asante Kingdom) to centuries-old enemy the British, for their exiled Asante officials and nobels. During the meeting Yaa Asantewaa stood up and gave a speech to the members of the Asante council:
Painting: Yaa Asantawaa giving a speech.
How can a proud and brave people like the Asante sit back and look while whitemen took away their king and chiefs, and humiliated them with a demand for the Golden Stool. The Golden Stool only means money to the whitemen; they have searched and dug everywhere for it. I shall not pay one predwan to the governor. If you, the chiefs of Asante, are going to behave like cowards and not fight, you should exchange your loincloths for my undergarments (Montu mo danta mma me na monnye me tam).
To add seriousness and dramatic affect to her words, Asantewaa picked up a rifle and fired it in front of the other council members. Yaa Asantewaa would be chosen by one of the regional kings of the Asante kingdom to be a leader/commander of an Asante battalion. She would lead an armed-force of 5,000 men in war against the British empire
WAR AND AFTERMATH
In March of 1900, the Asante laid siege to a British fort at Kumasi, where the British sought refuge. After several months more months of back-and-forth conflict, the British governor of the Gold Coast would send an elite, well-trained and equipped force of 1400 soldiers to put down the African rebellion. Yaa Asantewaa and about fifteen of her most trusted advisors and confidants would be captured by the British and exiled to Seychelles. Yaa Asantewaa's military defeat would mark the end of the series of wars between the Asante and the British, which took place from 1823 to 1900. In January of 1902, the British would annexe the territory of the Asante empire, and made it a protectorate of the British crown. On October 17, 1921, Nana Yaa Asantewaa died in exile on the Seychelles Islands. Three years later, on December 17, 1924, King Prempeh l and other members of the Asante royal court were allowed to return to Asante (at the time a British colony). Prempeh l, would make sure that the remains of his grandmother, Queen Mother Yaa Asantewaa received a proper royal burial. A little over 30 years after her death, her dream of an Asante independent of British colonial rule would be achieved when the Asante kingdom (now-part of the Republic of Ghana), won its independence on March 6, 1957. Ghana would be the first sub-saharan African nation to accomplish this feat.
HER LEGACY
Nana Yaa asantewaa is a revered figure in the history of Asante and Ghana, for her role as a strong and empowering woman, who confronted European domination and oppression. She is remembered in this Asante song:
Koo koo hin kooYaa Asantewaa ee!Obaa basiaOgyina apremo ano ee!Waye be egyaeNa Wabo mmode("Yaa AsantewaaThe woman who fights before cannonsYou have accomplished great thingsYou have done well")
A week-long centenary celebration was held in her honor in Ghana in 2000, to acknowledge her accomplishments as Queen Mother and her role as a freeddom fighter against British imperialism.
Statue of Yaa Asantewaa outside of a museum destroyed by fire.
The Burnt remains of the Yaa Asantewaa Museum
Posters calling for the Yaa Asantewaa Museum to be rebuilt.
EXTERNAL EDUCATION RESOURCES
Click for Links →
BBC article
By LEON KWASI CHRONICLES Posted on July 13, 2022
"The African Philosopher Of Germany"
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: PHARAOH TAHARQA-THE BIBLICAL "TIRHAKAH" KING OF ETHIOPIA (KUSH/NUBIA) ❤💛💚
By:Leon Kwasi Kuntuo-Asare
Taharqa was a Pharaoh of the 25th Dynasty of Egypt and a Qore (King) of the Nile Kingdom to the south, Kush (Nubia). He was the son of Pharaoh Piye, the ancient Nubian king who conquered Egypt and created the 25th Dynasty of Egypt. Taharqa was also the cousin of Pharaoh Shebitku, whom he succeeded as Pharaoh.
HIS REIGN
Pharaoh Taharqa's time on the throne is estimated to be between the time period of 690 BC to 664 BC. Although Taharqa's united Kushite/Egyptian empire was in constant bloody conflict with Assyrians (early on in his reign, Pharaoh Taharqa supported Palestine 's resistance against King Sennacherib of Assyria), the time of his reign also saw a flourishing renaissance in Kushite/Egyptian civilization. Pharaoh Taharqa and the other Pharaohs of the 25th Dynasty resuscitated Nile Valley culture, religion, architecture and arts. It is believed that Pharaoh Taharqa and the 25th Dynasty helped restore the Egyptian society, culture and architecture to that of its glory days of the Old, Middle and New Kingdom levels. Pharaoh Taharqa would build new temples and restored old Temples to their previous glory. The 25th Dynasty also saw massive construction of new pyramids, especially in the Kush/Nubia region (modern-day Sudan).
TAHARQA IN THE BIBLE
Many scholars believe that Pharaoh that Pharaoh Taharqa is the Ethiopian (Kush/Nubian) known in the bible as "Tirhakah". The King who waged war against Sennacherib, who was king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, during the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Kings 19:9; Isaiah 37:9).
ANCIENT ARTIFACTS OF PHARAOH TAHARQA
The Shrine of Taharqa, Ashmolean Museum
Taharqa (left) embracing Horus (Re-Horakhty) on the Kawa shrine
King Taharqa and the gods of Thebes. Standing on the left, he offers "a white loaf" to his father Amun-Re, who is accompanied by Mut, Khonsu and Montu, Kawa shrine.
Taharqa in the Temple of Mut
Taharqa and the gods of Gematen (the Temple of Kawa). He makes an offering to the ram-headed god Amun-Re. Kawa shrine.
Stele commemorating the death of an Apis bull enthroned in "Year 26 of Taharqa". Found in the Serapeum of Saqqara, Saqqara. Louvre Museum.
Chapel of Taharqa and Shepenwepet in Karnak
Taharqa's kiosk. Karnak Temple
Taharqa before the god Amun in Gebel Barkal (Sudan), in Temple of Mut, Jebel Barkal
Taharqa under a sphinx, British Museum
Shabti of King Taharqa
Relief of Taharqa on the shrine
Britannica article on Taharqa
Press for more info
Wikipedia article on Taharqa
That's Nothing to be Proud of Jim Crow, Joe..
By LEON KWASI CHRONICLES Posted on May 8, 2022
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: WARRIOR KING SHAKA kASENZANGAKHONA (SHAKA ZULU) ♥💛💚
Shaka KaSenzangakhona, (better-known-as Shaka Zulu), was born in July of 1787 in Mthethwa Paramountcy (sometimes called the Mthethwa Empire). He was the son of Senzangakhona Kajama (who was a chief of the Zulu clan). Because he was viewed by some as an illegitimate son to Sebzangakhona Kajama (because his parents were of the same clan), Shaka spent much of his adolescents in the community of his mother. There he joined an Ibutho Iempi, which was a militia unit, where he would be under the command of Dingiswayo, (king of the Kingdom of Mthethwa).
WARRIOR's LIFE
As Shaka gained experience in warfare and his knowledge in military strategy grew, Shaka used his new found skills to improve the military system of the Ibutho. Knowing that warfare is also about building alliances, Shaka used the support and influence of the empire of Mthethwa to form necessary alliances with neighboring kingdoms and tribes to combat the powerful Ndwandwe nation (which consisted of a people who spoke the Bantu Nguni language). When possible Shaka preferred to use diplomacy rather than combat to the death, but he wasn't opposed to ordering political assassinations when required.
When Shaka's father,Senzanakhona died in 1816, Shaka's younger half-brother Sigujana (who was seen by some people as a more legitimate heir),became the new chieftain of the Zulu clan. Dingiswayo, Shaka's mentor would use this time of slight succession uncertainty to put his prized pupil on the throne. Dingiswayo, would give Shaka a military brigade, which he would use to perform a fairly peaceful and relatively bloodless coup d'etat on the Zulu chiefdom. However, in the military takeover of Zululand, Shaka would have his younger half-brother, Sigujana put to death. As chief of the Zulu clan, Shaka would still remain an important leader in the imperial army of Mthethwa. Shaka's mentor and emperor of the Mthethwa empire, Dingiswayo would die in battle in 1817, at the hands of Zwide Kalnaga, who was the King of the Ndwandwe (Nxumalo) Kingdom. When the empire of Mthethwa was defeated, it would collapse, Shaka would seize the opportunity to fill the power vacuum, by reuniting and unifying the scattered people of Mthethwa and other regional chiefdoms. In the Zulu-Ndwandwe war (1817-19), Zwide and his army would be defeated. However, Zwide and most of his army would live to fight another battle and it wouldn't be until 1825 that Shaka and Zwide would meet again on the battlefield, near the village of Pongola. Shaka would be the victor on that day. As Shaka's reputation and respect in his Zulu tribe grew, he was able to encourage his people (who he transformed to be a Spartan-like people), to conquer rival surrounding tribes, that along with uniting with friendly tribes, he was able to transform the Zulu clan, into the Zulu Kingdom, which was rapidly becoming the Zulu empire
DEATH AND LEGACY
In 1828, sadly Shaka's ultimate demise would not come at the hands of a rival African king like his mentor Dingiswayo, a soldier or European imperialist, rather he would be assassinated by his family. It is believed that his half-brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana and a third co-conspirator. Most likely it was because Shaka began to be seen by some as a tyrant-like leader with erratic behavior, it also could of been simple jealousy or sibling rivalry (seeing as Shaka also gained the throne by having a sibling killed). His half-brother, Dingane would assume leadership of the Zulu nation, and he would have Shaka loyalist purged from the government of the Zulu empire. Shaka is still seen by many as a legendary African leader within South Africa and in the African diaspora. There have been movies, books and articles made about his life, and there is even an aquatic theme park on Durban Beach named Ushaka Marine World and King Shaka International Airport at La Mercy.
Britannica article on Shaka Zulu
Wikipedia article on Shaka Zulu
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: PHARAOH NARMER/MENES-FOUNDER OF YHE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT 🇪🇬!❤💛💚
Pharaoh Narmer (believed by many experts of Egyptology to be the same pharaoh known as Menes). He was a Pharaoh in the early dynastic period of Egypt. He inherited the ancient African crown from protodynastic pharaoh Ka (also known as Sekhen).
UNIFER
He is believed by Egyptologists to of been the founder of the first dynasty of the kingdom of Egypt. He was the first pharaoh of the then newly united kingdom of Egypt, when he united upper and lower Egypt.
Verso of Narmer Palette, which depicts Pharaoh Narmer/Menes unifying Upper and Lower Egypt.
It is believed by many Egyptologists and scholars on Egyptian history that his reign began somewhere around 3100 BC. However, some theories say his reign on the throne may of started in 3273 BC or even 2987 BC.
External Education Resources:
Wikipedia article on Narmer
Wikipedia article on Menes
Wikipedia article on the Narmer Palette
"The Reign Of King Shabaka & The African Renaissance"
By LEON KWASI CHRONICLES Posted on April 1, 2022
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: CATHAY WILLIAMS-THE BLACK AMERICAN JOAN OF ARC ❤💛💚
Cathay Williams was ironically born in Independence, Missouri, sometime around September 1844. She was the daughter of a Black freedman and an enslaved Black woman, therefore making her a slave. Williams worked as a house slave on the Johnson plantation, which was located on the edges of Jefferson City, Missouri, until the early phases of the civil war, when Union troops occupied Jefferson City in 1861 and captured enslaved Black people, who were then labeled as "contraband" and forced to serve as soldiers or military support staff.
Soldier's Life
Some people claim that Cathay Willaims may have served in the Battle of Pea Ridge and the Red River campaign. Women weren't allowed to participate in combat service, so historians believe she may have enlisted as a man under the name of Finis Cathay. As Finis Cathay she would of enlisted in the 32nd Missouri infantry in 1862 and would have particpated in many vital campaigns, including: The Siege of Vicksburg and Sherman's March to the Sea, before fighting to force Joseph E. Johnston's Confederate army surrender in North Carolina. On November 15, 1866 Williams would again sign-up for military service. This time under the name of William Cathay (since women were still prohibited from combat military service). Williams would be assigned to the 38th United States Infantry regiment (Buffalo Soldiers). Unfortunately, soon after her enlistment (or better yet re-enlistment), Williams would contract smallpox. After she recovered, she rejoined her unit, but would have to be repeatedly hospitalized, possibly due to the effects caused by small pox, combined with the extreme heat of the New Mexico desert, where her team was posted. Eventually, the post surgeon would discover her "feminine secret", and informed her post commander. This led to her being discharged by the United States Army, by her commanding officer, Captain Charles E. Clarke, on October 14, 1868.
Post Military Life
In Fort Union, New Mexico, Williams would be employed as a cook. Williams would eventually move to Pueblo, Colorado and would get married. The marriage wouldn't last long, her untrustworthy husband would steal her money and several of her horses. She would have him arrested and then moved to Trinidad, Colorado, where she worked as seamstress, and may have even owned a boarding house. Sometime around late 1889 or early 1890, Williams would enter a hospital, there she would attempt to physically recover from her bad heath issues she was suffering from at the time (her exact illness is unknown). In June of 1891, Williams would apply for disability pension because of her past military service. At the time there was a precedent for granting a military pension to a woman soldier. By 1816 Anna Maria Lane, Mary Hayes McCauley (better-known-As Molly Pitcher) and Deborah Sampson all received pensions for their service in the American Revolutionary War of Independence. Despite her military service, and the fact that she suffered from neuralgia,diabetes and had toes amputated and had to walk with a crutch; despite her injuries and health issues, Williams would be denied disability payments. It is believed that Williams died sometime around 1893 (shortly after being denied a military pension for her service). Her exact resting place is unknown.
Wikipedia Article on Cathay Williams
Military.com Article on Cathay Williams
By LEON KWASI CHRONICLES Posted on March 16, 2022
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: SUNNI ALI-The FIRST EMPEROR OF THE SONGHAI EMPIRE ❤🖤💚
Sunni Ali (sometimes spelled Sonni Ali), was born in Ali Kolon. Ali's regal reign would last about 28 years (1464-1492). Ali was the 15th ruler of the medieval West African Sunni dynasty and the first ruler of the Songhai empire.
THE CONQUEROR
Under the command of emperor Sunni Ali, a plethora of regions and cities were conquered and then fortified, like Timbuktu, and Djenne. The newly captured territories would be subjected to Ali's repressive policies. Timbuktu had their scholars targeted and in some cases, they were expelled from the city, particularly those scholars associated with the Taureg people (an ethnic Berber people) from the Sankore region. Under his authority a massive naval fleet that traveled through the Niger River was organized. Ali's fleet was sucessful in winning him territories that formerly belonged to the Mali Empire and the Empire of Ghana.
HIS DEATH
According to some researchers Ali died on November 6, 1492. Some Muslim scholars believed Ali drowned while crossing the Niger River, while others believe that he was killed by his sister's son, Askia Muhammad Ture. Ali's son, Sunni Baru would take the throne formerly held by his imperial minded father. However, Baru would be successful challenged for the throne by, Askia, because Baru was not believed to of been a devoted Muslim, therefore not a moral leader of a predominantly Muslim country.
Wikipedia Article on Sunni Ali
Britannica Article on Sunni Ali
By LEON KWASI CHRONICLES Posted on February 6, 2022
"The Igbo Women's War Against Colonial Power"
By LEON KWASI CHRONICLES Posted on January 22, 2022
"Remembering The Real Dr Martin Luther King Jr"
BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: BILAL IBN RABAH-THE SON OF AN AFRICAN PRINCESS, WHO BECAME A SLAVE, WHO BECAME A WARRIOR, WHO BECAME ONE OF THE MOST TRUSTED ALLIES OF THE ISLAMIC PROPHET MUHAMMAD🌍❤🖤💚!
Bilal Ibn Rabah was born in the holy city of Mecca (In Saudi Arabia), in the year of 580. According to the Islamic scholars he was the son of an Arab man and an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) woman.His father Rabah was a man in servitude to the Banu Jumah clan, while is mother Hamamah is believed to of been a former princess of Abyssinia, who was captured and put into slavery after The Year Of The Elephant (570-71 CE). Because Bilal was the son of two slaves, he was also a slave, His master was a man named Umayyah Ibn Khalaf, who was a local Arab leader in Mecca at the time. Bilal hard work ethic would gain him a reputation as a good slave, but due to the social and political racism and discrimination towards Black people in Arabian culture during his time, his potential for growth was limited in that society.
CONVERSION TO ISLAM
Soon after Muhammad announced that he was God's (Allah's) new prophet,and began preaching the word of Islam, his gospel began to resonate with Bilal, who became one of the earliest people to convert to the Muslim religion. When Bilal's slave master, Umayyah Ibn Khalaf discovered his conversion, he was incensed and had Bilal tortured and several brutalized, with the goal of Bilal renouncing his new faith; which he never did, no matter how bad he was beaten.
Stories of how Bilal was beaten and whipped because of his devotion to the Islamic religion reached the ears of the prophet Muhammad. After hearing the news of the torture of his new disciple, prophet Muhammad sent his close companion Abu Bakr to negotiate the emancipation of Bilal, which was granted.
BILAL IN MADINA
While in the newly formed Islamic state of Madina, Bilal continued to contribute to the Muslim society. Bilal would be chosen by the prophet Muhammad to be the first Mu'azzin, the man who recites the Adhan (Muslim call to prayer). As Bilal continued his growth in society, he would be appointed by the prophet to be the minister of Bayal-Mal (which roughly translates to the treasury). In this role he would be responsible for distributing funds to help orphans, widows, journeyers and other people who could not properly take care of themselves.
Bilal took part in the Battle of Badr, which is also known as the Day of Criterion in the Qur'an. The name derives from the Muslims who went to battle on Tuesday, March 13th of 624 CE, near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah province in Saudia Arabia. The battle marked the beginning of a six-year war between the prophet Muhammad and his tribe for control of their territory.
AFTER THE PROPHET'S DEATH
After the death of the Islamic prophet, Bilal traveled with several Muslim battlions under the command of Said Ibn Aamir al-Jumah, to Syria.
There is some dispute on rather Bilal died in 17 or even 21 AH of the Muslim calendar. Some believe he died in Damascus at the age of 60, others actually believe he died in Medina. After his death, it is believed that his descendants migrated to his ancestral homeland of Ethiopia, East Africa. The Royal Family of Mali in West Africa also claimed to be his descendants.
Wikipedia Article on Bilal Ibn Rabah
Britannica Article on Bilal Ibn Rabah
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Books|Shakespeare and Company Is Coming Back to the West Side and the Village
Books News
Shakespeare and Company Is Coming Back to the West Side and the Village
A branch of Shakespeare and Company bookstore in Greenwich Village closed several years ago, but a new one will open there and on the Upper West Side this year.CreditCreditMarcus Yam/The New York Times
By Aimee Lee Ball
"Whatever way that people read books, I'm going to get them into my store — I don't care if I have to stock contact lenses that let the words scroll across your eyes."
Let's hope it doesn't come to that for Noëlle Santos, who will open The Lit Bar in the Bronx this spring — part of a continuing resurgence of independent booksellers in New York City. Shakespeare and Company is opening two new stores this year, in Greenwich Village and on the Upper West Side. The latter is considered a homecoming for the original Shakespeare and Company, which was an institution in that neighborhood from 1982 to 1996, and it will be joining a robust range of indies in the area including Word Up, Books of Wonder, Bank Street Bookstore and several branches of Book Culture (the one on Columbus Avenue is in the space once occupied by the beloved Endicott Booksellers).
Maybe, just maybe, the late great Nora Ephron was wrong. Twenty years ago, her film "You've Got Mail" seemed to punctuate the death sentence of independent bookstores. Between 1995 and 2009, the number of indies in the United States declined by 43 percent, according to the American Booksellers Association, a trade organization for independently owned bookstores. Over the past two decades, New York City institutions such as St. Mark's Bookshop, Coliseum Books and Murder Ink bit the dust. Big boxes — really big boxes — seemed to be winning. E-books entered the market. And then there was Amazon.
"We're never going to beat Amazon at Amazon's game, but I think there is a craving for going back to the old New York," said Dane Neller, chief executive of Shakespeare and Company. Multiple branches and plans for a national presence (with a Philadelphia store opening this summer) put Shakespeare and Company in the small chain category, but Mr. Neller wants to create "the biggest little bookshop in the world," intimate and localized, with a high level of service.
Any New Yorker knows that indies in many fields have struggled in recent years. Mom-and-pop hardware stores and pharmacies have given way to Home Depots and RiteAids. But when the product is books, the losses feel particularly egregious.
"The popular presumption was that independent booksellers were a thing of the past, some vestige of a different time and place," said Oren Teicher, chief executive of the A.B.A. "It was inaccurate as a depiction then as now, but it's pretty difficult to convince people otherwise." The number of A.B.A. member bookstores has risen steadily for the seventh year in a row, and their sales are up.
"In New York, it was never about attracting the customers but about the landlords who kept raising the rent," Mr. Teicher said. "Independent bookstores play a vital role in communities. There's a passion and a knowledge about putting the right book into the customer's hand, and it's something we do far better than anyone else."
Meg Ryan (left) and Heather Burns starred in "You've Got Mail," about a bookstore that is forced to close when a chain store comes to the neighborhood.CreditWarner Brothers Pictures
"The most fun part of being a bookseller is hand-selling people things they didn't know they needed," said Emma Straub, a best-selling novelist and co-owner with her husband of Books Are Magic, which replaced the beloved BookCourt in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, 10 months ago. (The word "beloved" comes up frequently when discussing independent bookstores.)
"We would never have opened in a million years if our local bookstore hadn't closed," Ms. Straub said. "As a bookseller and a writer, I understand the importance of stores like Barnes & Noble. I have no interest in talking smack about the chains. But an independent bookstore is all about understanding your customers and giving them what they need. It needs to be of its place and for its place."
Starting an independent bookstore in a borough with few book-buying options might seem like a giant leap of faith, but for Ms. Santos of The Lit Bar, it's the culmination of a dream begun three years ago when she learned that the local Barnes & Noble would close. "Being an avid reader, that spoke to me on personal level," she said. "While I appreciated Barnes & Noble when it was there, you would never know that you were in the Bronx. It didn't offer a lot of opportunities for the community. If you were a local author, good luck in getting your book on the shelf. But with an independent store, you can feel the energy of the neighborhood reflected in the choices. I couldn't think of a better way for people to engage and become real neighbors."
There's a difference between surviving and thriving for some indies. "Thriving is a tough word," said Christine Onorati of Word in Greenpoint, Brooklyn (with a branch in Jersey City). "We have people who are unbelievably loyal to us, and we're digging in, trying to make our mark, but it's a tough business." Rent is a challenge for many. Miles Bellamy opened Spoonbill and Sugartown in Brooklyn's Williamsburg neighborhood almost 19 years ago, long before there was a Whole Foods and an Apple store, but he recently saw his rent almost double, to $14,500 a month from $8,000 a month.
"Just as I go to both the local drugstore and Duane Reade, book lovers can support my store and buy books online," Mr. Bellamy said. "I feel like a better person when I go into the small store. But the pressure is constant. It's a full-time hustle."
There is an opportunity for certain industries to reinvent themselves after a large shock in their business model or in technology, according to Ryan L. Raffaelli, assistant professor at Harvard Business School, who has been studying independent bookstores for about five years. (He even took a course in how to open one.) "What I've found is that the indies are able to compete on several dimensions," he said. "One is community. They championed the notion of 'shop local' and 'Small Business Saturday.' Another is curation: They're not just offering best-sellers but diamonds in the rough. They've taken back a sense of pride in what they can provide: a deeper and ongoing relationship with their customers. In high-rent districts, because profit margins are relatively thin, success must come from multiple repeat customers, so that the customer can't imagine not visiting as part of his or her monthly routine. They're also flirting with adapting newer forms of technology."
That's what Mr. Neller is banking on. Each of the planned new Shakespeare and Company stores will have an Espresso Book Machine (Mr. Neller is also head of the manufacturer, On Demand Books) that has the potential to print and bind any book not on the shelves while you're having a cappuccino at the store's cafe. (Since Mr. Neller is the former chief executive of Dean & DeLuca, the new stores will definitely have baristas and snacks.)
"It's really a renaissance," he said, "a new permutation that will have elements of the mom-and-pop blended with technology, allowing a store to have a practically infinite selection in a small setting. We'll take a digital file and convert it into an analog product, putting the warehouse inside a small footprint. That's transformative." It's almost like a new happy ending to "You've Got Mail."
Somewhere, Nora is smiling.
An earlier version of this article misstated the time frame when the number of independent bookstores fell 43 percent. It was between 1995 and 2009, not between 1995 and 2000.
Aimee Lee Ball is the co-creator of Eat, Darling, Eat and the co-author of "No Time to Die."
Follow New York Times Books on Facebook and Twitter (@nytimesbooks), sign up for our newsletter or our literary calendar. And listen to us on the Book Review podcast.
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 24 of the New York edition with the headline: Bookstores Reclaim Ground in New York. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe
Signs of Literary Life for Two Booksellers on the Upper West Side

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: In Lua, how to determine the size of an object? Is there a way, in Lua, to determine the (in memory) size of an object?
I found an article on Gamepedia about Lua object memory sizes, but it is not general and precise.

A: I would give the same explanation as @NicolBolas, but different answers to the questions.

Is there a way, in Lua, to determine the (in memory)size of an object?

Yes, but you may need to use an external module for that. See my earlier answer and specifically lua-getsize module.

Is there a way, in Lua, to determine if the table to be stored is greater than the MP size?

If you know the size of the table with X elements, you can probably extrapolate to a table with Y elements of approximately the same content, but you wont be able to limit the allocations to a particular size unless you use your own allocator that has that logic.

A:
Is there a way, in Lua, to determine if the table to be stored is greater than the MP size?

No.

Is there a way, in Lua, to determine the (in memory)size of an object?

No.
Lua is not responsible for things like capping memory and so forth. That ought to be handled from the C code that creates and manages the Lua state. So if you have a 16MB limit, then that needs to be built into the lua_State when you call lua_newstate. You pass it an allocation function that needs to keep track of all such allocations. It would also allocate storage from the memory pool, not from the heap.
Of course, the allocator can't tell exactly why an allocation is happening. So there's no way to limit just this one specific table to 16MB, if you intend for the Lua state to also do other things.
If you have such specific memory needs for just this one table, you probably need to allocate and store it in C/C++, and then use the Lua interface to expose it to Lua to read/manipulate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: PDO Statement Not Setting Values I'm trying to run a PDO update statement, but none of the fields are being updated. Here is my PDO query. I've gone through and tried to find where the values were being changed and found that where being assigned nothing. I found the problem right when the values are escaped (You'll see my comment placed there). I know it probably something I'm overlooking but I haven't been able to figure out yet.
if(isset($_POST['submit']))
{
    if(isset($_POST['name'])){ $name = $_POST['name'];}else{ $name = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['city'])){ $city = $_POST['city'];}else{ $city = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['state'])){ $state = $_POST['state'];}else{ $state = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['address_line1'])){ $address_line1 = $_POST['address_line1'];}else{ $address_line1 = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['address_line2'])){ $address_line2 = $_POST['address_line2'];}else{ $address_line2 = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['city'])){ $city = $_POST['city'];}else{ $city = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['state'])){ $state = $_POST['state'];}else{ $state = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['zip_code'])){ $zip_code = $_POST['zip_code'];}else{ $zip_code = '';}
    if(isset($_POST['last_modified_by'])){ $last_modified_by = $_POST['last_modified_by'];}else{ $last_modified_by = 'admin';}
    $last_modified_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    $confirmcode = 'y';
    if(isset($_POST['bitactive'])){ $bitactive = $_POST['bitactive'];}else{ $bitactive = '';}

    //Test portion 1 = Values are correct
    // echo $address_line1 . "<p>";
    // echo $city . "<p>";
    // echo $zip_code . "<p>";
    // exit;

    $support_broker_id = $_GET['id'];
    $user_exists = "SELECT * FROM lu_agency WHERE agency_id =". $support_broker_id;
    $statement = $conn->query($sql);
    $result = $statement->fetch();
    $count = $statement->rowCount();

    $name = $row['name'];
    $address_line1 = $row['address_line1'];
    $address_line2 = $row['address_line2'];
    $city = $row['city'];
    $state = $row['state'];
    $zip_code = $row['zip_code'];
    $last_modified_by = $row['last_modified_by'];
    $last_modified_date = $row['last_modified_date'];
    $bitactive = $row['bitactive'];

    //Test portion two: Values are correct
    // echo $address_line1 . "<p>";
    // echo $city . "<p>";
    // echo $zip_code . "<p>";
    // exit;

    if($count > 0)
    {
        $sqlupdate = "UPDATE lu_agency
                      SET name = :name,
                          address_line1 = :address_line1,
                          address_line2 = :address_line2,
                          city = :city,
                          state = :state,
                          zip_code = :zip_code,
                          last_modified_by = :last_modified_by,
                          last_modified_date = :last_modified_date,
                          bitactive = :bitactive
                      WHERE agency_id= ". $support_broker_id;

    //Here is where only $city and $support_broker_id have values, the others don't show up
    echo $address_line1 . "<p>";
    echo $city . "<p>";
    echo $zip_code . "<p>";
    echo $support_broker_id . "<p>";
    exit;

        $preparedstmt = $conn->prepare($sqlupdate);

        $preparedstmt->execute(
            array(
                ':name'=>$name,
                ':address_line1'=>$address_line1,
                ':address_line2'=>$address_line2,
                ':city'=>$city,
                ':state'=>$state,
                ':zip_code'=>$zip_code,
                ':last_modified_by'=>$last_modified_by,
                ':last_modified_date'=>$last_modified_date,
                ':bitactive'=>$bitactive
                )
        );

        header("Location: http://173.254.127.52/~avenuet7/supporttables.php?msg=1");
    }

}

A: $row is undefined. It should be $result:
$result = $statement->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); // you declared `$result` not `$row`

And why not use prepared statements all through out:
$user_exists = "SELECT * FROM lu_agency WHERE agency_id =". $support_broker_id; // still directly injecting?

Final look:
$support_broker_id = $_GET['id'];

$user_exists = "SELECT * FROM lu_agency WHERE agency_id = :support_broker_id ";
// not `$sql` use `$user_exists`!
$statement = $conn->prepare($user_exists);
$statement->bindParam(':support_broker_id', $support_broker_id);
$statement->execute();

$count = $statement->rowCount();

if($count > 0) {

    $result = $statement->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

    $sqlupdate = "
        UPDATE lu_agency SET
            name =                  :name,
            address_line1 =         :address_line1,
            address_line2 =         :address_line2,
            city =                  :city,
            state =                 :state,
            zip_code =              :zip_code,
            last_modified_by =      :last_modified_by,
            last_modified_date =    :last_modified_date,
            bitactive =             :bitactive

            WHERE agency_id =       :support_broker_id
    ";

    $preparedstmt = $conn->prepare($sqlupdate);

    $preparedstmt->execute(
        array(
            ':name'                 => $result['name'],
            ':address_line1'        => $result['address_line1'],
            ':address_line2'        => $result['address_line2'],
            ':city'                 => $result['city'],
            ':state'                => $result['state'],
            ':zip_code'             => $result['zip_code'],
            ':last_modified_by'     => $result['last_modified_by'],
            ':last_modified_date'   => $result['last_modified_date'],
            ':bitactive'            => $result['bitactive'],
            ':support_broker_id'    => $support_broker_id,
    ));

    header("Location: http://173.254.127.52/~avenuet7/supporttables.php?msg=1");
}

Sidenote: Always add this after making a connection:
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);


Welcome to the Autumn 2016 edition of the Pelican.
Supplying stealth clearance diver's life support equipment, maintenance and training to BAE Systems in the Middle East.
Major floating hose support contract for TEN oil field development project in Ghana, West Africa.
JFN awarded a contract to build a prototype sampling device for the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
The acquisition of subsea-specialist company, HSSE, enhances offshore profile and capabilities for the James Fisher group.
James Fisher Mimic has teamed up with BAE Systems to monitor and boost vessel efficiency at sea.
JF Subsea provides Shell UK with innovative solution for offshore installation/platform inspections.
Singapore-based saturation diving specialist, LEXMAR joins the James Fisher group.
When newly qualified Thobile Lusiba, aged 24, enquired about a job as deck officer with Subtech in South Africa, she was thrilled to be told about an opening for a trainee barge master.
JFD has successfully built and delivered a custom-made 18 man saturation diving system for one of the world's largest oil majors.
R2S launches the latest generation of its award-winning visual asset management system, R2S Mosaic.
Strainstall celebrates 50 years at the forefront of developing innovative monitoring solutions for its global customers.
JFO selected by Technip to provide vital inspection, repair and maintenance work on offshore installations.
James Fisher boosts awareness of maritime careers for young people with exciting educational initiative.
A team from JF Subsea and Fendercare embarked on an impressive 70 mile charity bike ride in aid of the Big C charity.
Fundraising taken to new heights to raise money and awareness for CLAN, a cancer support charity.
A team from JFMS and Galloper Offshore Wind Farm participated in a coastal walk in order to raise money for the East Anglian Air Ambulance.


text:
An Etihad Airways Flight did an emergency landing in Kuwait after the pilot died mid-air, the UAE-based airline said in a statement on Wednesday.
The flight was a cargo flight and no passengers were on board!
"After the captain became incapacitated early in the flight, the First Officer issued an emergency call and safely diverted the aircraft to Kuwait," according to a statement from an Etihad Airways spokeswoman.
"We are deeply saddened by the loss, and are focused on taking care of our late colleague's family at this time, to whom we offer our heartfelt condolences," Etihad said.
Tagsabu dhabi airline aviation pilot
Canada is Getting Colder Than South Pole & Mars


Improvised Charles Dickens? What could possibly go wrong?
I am somewhat relieved to say that rehearsals have not actually devolved into Dickensian Speech for Sport …yet.
I've had the privilege of lighting this show, and it has been one ridiculous and amazing Victorian-era tale after another. We've had a happy family of morticians, a secret society of lamplighters, and one ill-advised voyage to Australia. There are top hats and tragic deaths, fancy accents and small children who speak above their age and station, all served up with the usual spontaneity and mischief that come with improvised narrative.
We will round the halfway point of the run this weekend, and I can't wait to see what the second month will bring.
Apologies for the low quality. The last-minute gag seemed like a good idea. Drawing a comic with the fancy pens and India ink seemed like a good idea. Doing both at the same time… did not quite produce the desired results, but I didn't really have time to start over before Halloween was over. So here you go – a little window into my drawing process.
I may feel compelled to clean it up later in the week, if I have time.
The comic will be on a sort of hiatus for a while. The holidays are always insane for me, and this year I'm even more behind on projects than usual, so the comic can't have a monopoly on my precious evening hours. I may do a low-tech, scan-in comic like this one when inspiration strikes.
More importantly, I have a large backlog of completed projects that I haven't blogged about yet. So there should be more non-comic posts coming in the next month or two!
I've also been wanting to step back for a while and work on the comic – I already have some upgrades in the works for Page and Karen, and I have some new characters I've been itching to add. So look forward to that in the new year!


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The mobile payment and e-commerce platform is now allowing users to book train tickets via IRCTC direct from their website and app, in an effort to become the largest travel booking platform in the country. The Paytm wallet was already available as a payment option for IRCTC, but now they have gone a step forward and introduced IRCTC Train ticket bookings on their own platform. Paytm also offers Air tickets and Bus bookings.


text:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  protect_from_forgery

  before_filter :authenticate_user!

  def after_sign_in_path_for(resource)
    groups_path
  end

  respond_to :html, :xml
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub