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Ксения Чумичева (родилась 5 августа 1987 в России) — модель, актриса, блогер и предприниматель.

Биография
Ксения Чумичева родилась в Магнитогорске, Россия. Когда ей было 6 лет, семья переехала в Лугано,Швейцария.

В 2010 году она окончила университет Università della Svizzera italiana, получив степень бакалавра в области экономики. Ксения владеет пятью языками: русским, английским, итальянским, немецким и французским. В 2014 году приступила к изучению испанского.

В 2011 году несколько финансовых учреждений, таких как Merrill Lynch, лондонский хедж-фонд Duet Group и JP Morgan Chase заинтересовались сотрудничеством с Ксенией. В конце своей стажировки в JPMorgan Chase, ей предложили постоянную работу, но Чумичева решила заняться развитием собственного бизнеса.

С лета 2011 года встречалась с Фернандо Алонсо, который из-за этого расстался в конце 2011 году с гражданской женой Ракель Дель Росарио.

Карьера

Модель

Начала модельную карьеру в возрасте 12 лет в своём родном городе. Выступая на национальном конкурсе «Мисс Швейцария» («Miss Switzerland») в 2006 году, она получила титул «Мисс фотогеничность» («Miss Photogenic»), а также заняла второе место в этом конкурсе. Победа сразу в двух номинациях стала предметом общественного спора, поэтому организаторы конкурса предложили Чумичевой контракт, аналогичный тому, что предлагают победительнице конкурса. После конкурса модель была названа в прессе, как «Самая завидная одинокая девушка в Швейцарии». В мае 2009 года согласно опросу журнала «Schweizer Illustrierte» она получила титул «Лучшее бикини». В 2012 году испанское издание GQ magazine опубликовало фоторепортаж и эксклюзивное интервью с моделью.

В декабре 2012 года швейцарское издание журнала Maxim провозгласило Чумичеву «Самой красивой женщиной года».

Сотрудничала с модельными агентствами Option Model Agency (Цюрих), Oxygen Models, Tess Management и Elite Model Management (Барселона), подписала контракт с Elite Model Management (Майами) в период с 2010 по 2013 года.

Актриса
Снималась в рекламных роликах и музыкальных клипах (например, «Candino-Festina») Она приняла участие в съёмках в короткометражном фильме Les Enfants de la Honte французского режиссёра Алена Марго, который номинировался на кинофестивале NIFF, снялась в клипе итальянско-швейцарского певца Paolo Meneguzzi в мае 2010 года; в июне 2011 года сыграла эпизодическую роль в короткометражном фильме Lines.

Окончив университет в 2010 году, отправилась в Нью-Йорк, где брала уроки актёрского мастерства в академии New York Film Academy.

В январе 2011 года завершила съёмки во французском сериале «On n'est pas couché» («Он не врёт»); в этом же году также снялась в фильме Габриела Тальявини «Нет мужчин - нет проблем», главные роли которого сыграли Ева Лонгория и Кристиан Слейтер.

Телеведущая
Помимо участия в нескольких шоу, в роли ведущей, рассказывала о конкурсе «Мисс Швейцария 2011» в эфире трёх национальных каналов 24 сентября 2011 года.

В марте 2012 года стала вести собственное телешоу об успешных итальянских компаниях — «L'Italia che funziona», которое транслировалось на итальянских каналах Rete 4 и Italia1. Стала участницей «Мисс Украина 2012» в России и приняла участие в программе «ПрожекторПерисхилтон».

В апреле 2013 принимала участие в ежегодном масштабном мероприятии Energy Fashion Night с Ириной Шейк Выступала в качестве ведущей и модели для дефиле.

С 2013 работает журналистом для швейцарского журнала Bilan, запустила собственное онлайн-шоу Recette de Mon Succès.

Работала для различных брендов, включая Visilab Sunglasses, Audi, Burger King и Casino Lugano.В 2012 она стала лицом испанских авиалиний AirEuropa, .Revlon cosmetics и Nikon cameras.

Журналист
В 2012 начала вести ежемесячную колонку для Schweizer Monats и для Haute Living (британский журнал о роскоши). Весной 2013 года она запустила собственный онлайн бизнес и онлайн журнал «Chic Overdose».

Дата рождения
Изначально было заявлено, что дата рождения Чумичевой 5 августа 1987 года. В конце 2010 года на её веб-сайте была опубликована дата рождения 5 августа 1989 года. Журналисты Schweizer Fernsehen (швейцарский организации общественного вещания) опросили представителей конкурса Мисс Швейцария, которые отметили, что Чумичева прошла надлежащую идентификацию. Они также сообщили, что если бы она родилась в 1989 году, она бы не смогла участвовать в конкурсе. 6 декабря 2010 года Чумичева подтвердила, что родилась в 1987 году.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 Chicoverdose
 Xenia Tchoumitcheva interviewed by Christian Düblin, October 2011


Youth information and counselling, perceived as inherent element of services supporting youth, is a historically relatively recent phenomena. It used to be directed at keeping youth at the "right path" and centred around morality or at providing psychological help to the young people in personal crisis. Starting from 1960s, the youth information and counselling has shifted towards "generalist" concept, i.e. towards providing youth with user-targeted information and counselling in all areas of interest to youth taking into account their real need. In other words, youth information and counselling systems have recognised this area as a matter of human rights, which enables young people to improve their social status on the basis of their needs and aspirations.
In the introductory part this paper identifies access to quality information as a prerequisite for enabling young people to become self-fulfilled, happy and productive members of their societies. In this respect, a review of youth information policies is also presented, as well as data on youth attitudes towards usage of youth information and counselling systems and insights into youth mobility. These insights are accompanied by identification of crucial stakeholders and instruments in youth information and counselling. It is elaborated why stakeholders in youth information – both government-lead and nongovernmental - bear responsibility to create accountable and appealing youth information and counselling systems that respect young people as both users and producers of information and will in building their autonomy.
states, trying to encompass varieties of activities that aim at informing the youth and giving them opportunities to express their attitudes and worldviews. In the final section of the paper we identify major drawbacks and advances of European youth information and counselling system, and present the Youth on the Move – Infomobility project as the main theme in closing the gaps between state of the art youth information and counselling and goals set by the European policy guidelines.
raising awareness of risks in usage of different information sources and methods.
The generalist youth information covers all relevant subjects for young people: 1) education; 2) jobs and career; 3) leisure time, sports and cultural activities; 4) legislation relating to young people; 5) housing; 6) money issues; 7) health issues; 8) facilities and services for young people in the local area; 9) holiday and travel and 10) volunteering and European and international opportunities. The recommendation followed a "generalist" by setting the focus of youth information and counselling to "all sectors, without exception". At the same time, it promotes young people's autonomy and complete freedom of choice, without any discrimination or ideological or other influence. The value of this document also lies with its target groups, addressing not only decision makers and politicians, but experts in the field of youth and youth workers as well.
participation: ensuring young people are consulted and more involved in the decisions which concern them and, in general, in the life of their communities".
Mobility (2006) 12 lists ten principles implemented on a voluntary and flexible basis, where information and guidance being one of them: "every candidate should have access to clear and reliable sources of information and guidance on mobility and the conditions in which it can be taken up, including details of the Charter itself and the roles of sending and hosting organisations".
other European networks�. Moreover, the European Parliament resolution on recognising and promoting cross-border voluntary activities in the EU (2012)17 called "the Member States to ensure legal certainty for volunteers, not least with regard to insurance issues, so that the various regimes in the different Member States encourage cross-border volunteering, and also to ensure better provision of information to volunteers in connection with their rights and the regulatory and institutional arrangements pertaining in the various Member States�. These considerations take us to the following component, substantial to youth information and counselling, that could enable and empower them to become productive and satisfied members of their societies.
particularly with regard to […] improving the link between information and counselling with the aim of encouraging a learning and capacity-building process among young people on how to obtain, select and evaluate information in order to become informed users of information; encouraging greater use of the 'new media' such as the Internet, mobile phones, video, cinema etc. in youth information in order to reach as many young people as possible".
all elements in the youth information and counselling network should closely cooperate with other youth services and structures.
Shortly after the revised European Youth Information Charter was adopted EYRICA recognised a need for defining criteria for assessment of the national youth information policies. As a result, ERYICA member organisations formulated a set of 12 indicators for the assessment of national youth information policies in 2005 (Indicators for a National Youth Information Policy20) 1. Governmental Role – the Government should consider youth as an important and inherent policy task , for which it needs to develop a national policy (or strategy) that seeks to develop a comprehensive, coherent and co-ordinated approach. 2. Youth Information Legislation – the provision of youth information services should have a legal basis in the relevant youth legislation. 3. Stable Funding and Staffing – youth information services should be adequately funded and staffed, on the basis of an annual (or pluriannual) work-plan and budget. 4. Equal Access for All – youth Information service should be accessible to all young people.
5. Regional and Local Dimension – the national youth information policy (or strategy) should have a regional and local dimension in order for youth information services to reach a maximum number of young people. Regional and local authorities should be actively involved in supporting the provision of youth information. 6. Scientific Research and Expertise – a youth information policy (or strategy) should be based on a sound knowledge of the information needs and expectations of young people. 7. Innovation – youth information policy and services should promote innovation and encourage reflection by youth information workers and by young people on how to develop creative ways of meeting already recognised and new needs and challenges. 8. Participation of Young People – promoting the active participation of young people in youth information work should be an important element of the youth information policy (or strategy). 9. Cross-Sectoral Co-operation – a comprehensive and coherent youth information policy will require consultations and cooperation between a wide range of actors, including governmental departments, official youth services, voluntary youth organisations and young people in general. 10. Quality of Services – a youth information policy (or strategy) should include measures to maintain and develop the quality of the youth information and counselling services provided to young people. 11. Training – a basic and continued training of youth information workers should be a priority component of a national youth information policy. 12. Diversity in the Delivery of Information – synergy of traditional and new media and technologies in bringing relevant information to young people should be met.
experiences and practices gathered in the ERYICA YIntro-Manual and calls to follow CRAP recommendation. In other words, information should be: C – Clear (quality information is clear information); R – Relevant (relevant to the needs of young people); A – Accurate (clear, straightforward and appropriate to the real needs) and P – Pitched (suits the needs and abilities of young people).
Online Opportunities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
make use of new, creative and interactive ways to disseminate information, communicate and exchange with young people and all other stakeholders". 5.
Continuous improvements of the existing policies and their adaptation to the changing realities of young people's lives underline a need for management of human resources in youth information. Council Resolution on implementing the common objectives on the youth information (2005) 28 pointed at a need of "continuous training of those involved in youth information with regard to content, most suitable methods and use of available technology, so that young people can recognise quality information easily". Continuous training has to be supported by efficient structure and organisations whose network efficiently follows the existing and propose new strategies in the field of youth information and counselling. After the establishment of ERYICA in 1986, the 1990s brought establishment of several other networks in the field of youth information: the European Youth Card Association YOUTH.net 31 .
streams from its unique position where youth-related information on the national level is matched with corresponding information on the European level. Similar instrument is presented by the SALTO-YOUTH.net35 – a network of 8 Resource Centres established in 2000, working in the field of youth work and training. In 2004 EYCA, Eurodesk and Salto signed a declaration for cooperation, which was followed by several jointly organized events related to the development of youth information and counselling. Another card relevant in this context is the Youth on the Move Card36, whose goal is not to replace nationally accepted cards, but rather to build on and cooperate with these cards, possibly in the form of a label. This label could add real European value by offering more discounts, access to information and online networks, and new features such as smartcard technology to the European youth aged 13-30. Direct funding for activities managed primarily by youth can be accessed through the European Youth Foundation (EYF) 37 , a fund established in 1972 by the Council of Europe to provide financial support for European youth activities. In 40 years (since 1972) it managed to fund more than 300 000 young people, aged between 15 and 30 making nongovernmental youth organisations or networks empowered for achieving their goals. Speaking about the youth non-governmental associations, the European Youth Forum38 also has to be mentioned as an umbrella association of national youth associations or councils, has a prominent role in youth information and counselling through various activities, policy analysis and information materials.
important to mention some of the programmes in this field. First of them, the Comenius39 actions, as part of the EU's Lifelong Learning Programme, grew from the Socrates programme (which ran from 1994-2006) in 1995, with an aim to help young people and educational staff better understand the range of European cultures, languages and values. They also help young people acquire the basic life skills and competences necessary for personal development, future employment and active citizenship. Comenius aims to: I) Improve and increase the mobility of pupils and educational staff across the EU; II) Enhance and increase partnerships between schools in different EU Member States; III) Encourage language learning, innovative ICT-based content, services and better teaching techniques and practices; IV) Enhance the quality and European dimension of teacher training and V) Improve pedagogical approaches and school management. Erasmus 40 became part of the EU's Lifelong Learning Programme in 2007, covering new areas such as student placements in enterprises (transferred from the Leonardo da Vinci Programme), university staff training and teaching for business staff. Erasmus is the perfect example of a European success story: close to 3 million students have participated since it started in 1987, as well as over 300 000 higher education teachers and other staff since 1997 (this type of exchange was also expanded further in 2007). The annual budget is in excess of 450 million euro; more than 4 000 higher education institutions in 33 countries participate, and more are willing to join. Erasmus for students 41 provided a framework for more than 2.5 million students for experiencing international mobility in more than 4 000 higher education institutions in 33 participating countries.
European Skills Passport 42 is one of thirteen actions launched under the Commission's Agenda for New Skills and Jobs 43 , which enables people to improve the presentation of their CVs by bringing together their educational and training certificates in one place, providing evidence for the qualifications and skills declared in the CV. It is available for free in 26 languages on the Europass portal where an on-line editor helps users to create their individual passports. It complements the Europass CV which is used by more than 20 million Europeans.
funding – for both young jobseekers and businesses interested in recruiting from outside their home country.
This section will present a couple of good practice examples led by the European networks, two good practice examples in the area of national counselling organisations and several projects in youth information (with an emphasis on general information and counselling and information on mobility). The first example to be mentioned is a seminar "Mobility of young people – Opportunities and obstacles for cross-border volunteering for young people, particularly with fewer opportunities" 56 , organised by the Youth Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe in the Field of Youth57 in 2011. This seminar gathered stakeholders from various areas – from politics and policy to research, youth work and non-governmental sector. They were provided with state of the art in area of youth mobility and related policies, and were given a chance to present their experiences and findings. Another European-wide initiative is a campaign "Information Right Now" 58 !
candidate country for the EU enlargement.
media (TV and radio) production, and successfully administer the largest noncommercial website for young people in BiH62. Some of the services offered to the youth are: "info desks for youth" (IDeMo!)63, web portal for youth64 and youth mobility portal65. Their newest undertaking is foundation of the Social Innovation Incubator and Open Space for youth, which resulted in 120 info events with more than 2000 participants in eight months since their beginning. They also achieved employment of 30 young people through five start-ups and fifteen young people found a job as employees. This organisation led by youth proves that high goals can be achieved without strong institutional support, and it suggest that even more significant results could be achieved if governmental institutions provide support to such initiatives.
The following are nine examples of good practices implemented in the EU Member States and nine examples from the non-EU Members. All projects are presented in alphabetical order of the country name. Selected examples were identified as those that excelled in one or more criteria: 1) provide information; 2) make young people and/or their wider community aware of youth position and 3) make people more mobile.
teachers, social workers, trade union members, young leaders and youth activists. "Youth info point" 69 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) offers a list of all information services and data sources available in Bosnian municipalities, provided via interactive online map to youth. Since the content was created by young people, the data sources and services are easily accessible and categorised in groups that are clear and appealing to the youth. "Travel to Europe in 2013"70 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) started by the Youth Mobility Portal71 in 2008 on an annual basis provides 25 university students with travel grants in Europe for 22 days. Informed – Included (Croatia) 72 connected 16 young beneficiaries of Youth Information Centres from Malta and Croatia, with the purpose of exchanging experiences, thoughts and expectations on youth information and social inclusion. "Mobility, information and counselling of youth"73 (Croatia) was coordinated by the Community of youth info centres 74 , with an aim of improving youth information and mobility through awareness raising campaigns and a survey on 1200 youth. Insightful results of the survey on youth experiences, values and needs were followed by public consultations that gathered 40 participants (30 young people 10 youth workers) per region (total number of 160).
Dialogue in youth policy 75 (Finland) is a project run by the Government of Finland, which seeks to develop a tripartite model of dialogue in youth policy between decision-makers, youth work (including youth workers, young people and youth organisations) and youth researchers. Video Series 76 (France) increased the visibility of youth Information services across France by obtaining wide media coverage and promotion at regional and local level. It was started by CIDJ – Centre d'information et de documentation jeunesse in November 2012, and it managed to attract 731 viewers of the content aimed at youth information and inclusion in six months.
down their questions about topics that interest them by sending the postcards (free of charge) back to the Youth Information Centre. "Knowledge and Sports among Young People"80 (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), is a youth event coordinated by Youth Information and Counselling Centre INFO, the Youth Council Prilep and Youth Multicultural Community and managed to gather 3000 young people. It ran under the motto "Knowledge and sports among youth", covering two main actions: leisure activities for youth and dissemination of information on the INFO SEGA youth information centre and services. "Passport to Europe"81 (Kosovo), implemented by the Kosovar Youth Council82, provided youth (aged 14-19) with the conditions and the opportunities to acquire knowledge on the main European institutions. Knowledge acquisition was accompanied by raising awareness of European Integration Process. A book «You are right! A guide trough law and all the rest»83 (Montenegro) was directed at publishing and distributing two editions of the book by NGO Association for Democratic Prosperity – Zid84. This book was designed as a reliable and attractive guide in what young people (and media, NGOs, public institutions, schools, etc.) can find interesting in areas of education, employment, family life, housing, finances, health, safety, state and politics, judiciary, minority, mobility and leisure time.
and with young people, with an aim to bring organisations and professionals together in providing a more effective service for young people. My Town, My Europe89 (Spain) gathered 20 active participants and a lot of other young people in sharing personal experiences and values among young people through creation of videos. They were given an opportunity to check the importance of being European and the possibilities they have thanks to the European diversity and richness. As a result, the participants had the opportunity to broaden their perspectives by challenging their attitudes towards people from different cultures and regions. "Redes de Jóvenes"90 (Spain) project invited young people to add themselves as the Messenger contact of the Youth Centre. Messenger does not serve only as a channel for sending and receiving messages but also as a tool for active participation of users in creation of the contents offered by the Youth Centre. TV show "I want you to know"91 (Serbia) is coordinated by the Youth Office92 in Belgrade and performed at the "Studio B" TV. It started in 2010, with a goal of informing and educating young people through entertaining content, covering wide area of topics relevant to youth – from education, training, employment, volunteering, and mobility, ecology to promotion of young talented experts, artists and scientists.
beneficial employment of international networks and funds. And at the end, there has to be noted that countries whose youth information services have just started their integration into the European policies and practices in this field (like the SEE countries) mostly focus on information campaigns aiming to inform young people on their basic rights, while the organisations from the EU Member Countries often take different approach – art performances for instance.
Good practice examples gave us insights into various practices in youth information and mobility at national level. Next section will present some studies based on aspiration to identify European trends in youth information and mobility.
and individualised treatment when interested in education, career path or health.
evaluate the sufficiency of information available from their home university prior to their studies abroad on average as 3.27, while satisfaction with information provided by the host university is on 3.77. It seems that Internet is less used for information on educational mobility among students, most of them learn about educational opportunities from their peers (43.7%), followed by those who heard about them from people working in institutions included in international relations and education (19.9 %) and those whose teachers proved to be helpful (15.8 %). Only smaller share of Erasmus grantees used Internet (7%) or student organisations (2%) as their primary source of information.
Flash Eurobarometer 319b "Youth on the Move" shows that employment driven mobility is less prominent among young people – only 9% of respondents reported to have stayed abroad for work related purposes, while only 2% were volunteering abroad and 77% have never stayed abroad. Young people from Ireland and Iceland are the most mobile in this respect – almost 40% of them have an experience of working abroad, while this kind of mobility is the least present among young people in the Netherlands (14%), Italy (12%) and Turkey (5%). When listing the reasons of their immobility, young people are inclined to "lack of interest" (28%), "lack of funding" (20%), family commitments (12%), "lack of information" (6%) and "lack of foreign language skills" (5%). However, recent economic crisis has forced young people to be more mobile when seeking employment. EU Youth Report 201297 in its chapter on mobility reveals that between 2010 and 2011 outgoing migration increased by an average of 45% from southern EU Member States – by 52 % from Spain and by 90 % from Greece. Sadly for their homeland economies, the majority of migrants were well educated young people with qualifications in the tertiary sector.
Following "Youth on the Move"98 initiative, a survey on the Youth on the Move card initiative was conducted in 201199. Youth on the Move, as one of the seven flagship initiatives, aims to support the priorities of the Europe 2020 Strategy, while raising "the overall quality of all levels of education and training in the EU, combining both excellence and equity, by promoting student mobility and trainees' mobility, and improve the employment situation of young people". The online survey, supported by Eurodesk, Erasmus Student Network, European universities and the EU representations in the EU Member States and EU delegations, received 3027 online responses. Additionally, several stakeholders submitted position papers in response to the survey. It can be sad that the survey was successful as 91.5% of all respondents are younger than 30 years, with majority respondents in 19-26 cohort. A need for youth card was strongly pronounced by the results – almost 92% of all respondents indicated they have had a student or youth card (mostly more than 1 card) at one point in their lives. Moreover, 75% holds opinion that a student/youth card definitely supports the mobility of young people.
The most important issues in the area of youth information and counselling can be grouped in seven areas: 1. limited outreach – limited awareness of young people on existence of the youth information centres and/or their services; 2. lack of interest of young people to approach youth information services in a case of need; 3. personal traits or position of individuals that make them vulnerable or ashamed or their situation and therefore hesitant to ask for help; 4. lack of funding that could provide long-term sustainability; 5. lack of support from local, regional or national government; 6. lack of expertise among workers at the youth information centres; 7. lack of insight into youth standpoint and their aspirations and needs.
3. long tradition of youth information and counselling, with expertise that is shared via various networks; 4. support structures, such as ERYICA, EYCA and European funding schemes.
At the current stage of youth information and counselling development Europe needs interconnection of current policies, practices and stakeholders. A critical amount of efficient elements and stable structures has been achieved and they have to be merged in a way that supports current good practice examples to furtherly excel and to enable current low-achievers to catch-up and develop efficient systems. The Youth on the Move – InfoMobility (YoMIM) project101 with "the overarching goal […] to innovate and to enhance youth work whilst fostering synergies between the main actors in the field of youth information and counselling, paying special regard to cross-border European mobility"102, is the kind of project that will enhance interconnection at the European level.
existing youth support structures in the field of youth information, a transversal youth work tool whose poignant role has been recognised in the "Youth in Action" programme and in the "Renewed Framework of Cooperation in the Youth Field". The ultimate goal of the project is to enable young people, regardless their education, social background, country of residence or any other feature, to feel "home away from home", thus enabling them to be self-fulfilled, happy and productive members of European society.


"Big Six Blues Solo Buddy" or "Drei Blaue Tonleiteren"
Hohner Discovery 48 - any way to improve it?
Switch harp + Hands free?
When not to use a half-valved chromatic?
wanted: Tommy Reily: "Studies for Chromatic Harmonica"
How would you tune this Starter or EasyPlay harp?


text:
\section{MUSIC Datasets}
The first dataset is composed of 164 resimulated clusters extracted from the MareNostrum (MN) Universe. The MN Universe \citep{marenostrum_06} is a non radiative SPH cosmological simulation of a 500 Mpc {\itshape h$^{-1}$}$^3$  cubic box with WMAP1 cosmological parameters ($\Omega_{\Lambda}$= 0.7,  $\Omega_M$= 0.3, $\Omega_b$ = 0.045, {\itshape h} = 0.7, $\sigma_8$=0.9 and a slope of {\itshape n} = 1 for the initial power spectrum). It contains a total of 2 $\times$ 1024$^3$ particles equally divided between dark matter and gas.  We selected for resimulation a total of 82 relaxed clusters and 82 bullet-like clusters and using GADGET \citep{gadget},with 8 times more particles (m$_{DM}$ = 1.03$\times$10$^9$ {\itshape h$^{-1}$ m$_{\odot}$} and m$_{gas}$ = 1.82$\times$10$^8${\itshape h$^{-1}$ m$_{\odot}$}) and adding radiative physics ({\itshape i.e.} cooling, UV photoionization, star formation and galactic winds and SN thermal and kinetic feedbacks).
The second dataset is composed of the 282 more massive (most of them with a mass M $>$10$^{15}${\itshape h$^{-1}$} m$_{\odot}$ at {\itshape z} = 0) galaxy clusters extracted from the MultiDark (MD) simulation. The MD simulation is an ART dark matter only simulation performed by Anatoly Klypin at NAS Ames, containing about 8.6 billion particles in a (1 Gpc{\itshape h$^{-1}$})$^3$ volume that was performed using WMAP5 cosmological parameters ($\Omega_{\Lambda}$= 0.73,  $\Omega_M$= 0.27, $\Omega_b$ = 0.0469, {\itshape h} = 0.7, $\sigma_8$=0.82 and {\itshape n} = 0.95). We resimulated them with 8 times more particles in a region of 6 Mpc centred around each object at z=0. We added SPH gas particles in the high resolution area and run them including radiative (as in the case of the MN dataset) and non-radiative physics. The mass resolution is m$_{DM}$ = 9.01$\times$10$^8$ {\itshape h$^{-1}$ m$_{\odot}$} and m$_{gas}$ = 1.8$\times$10$^8${\itshape h$^{-1}$ m$_{\odot}$} \citep{anatolio}. In many of the resimulation areas we often found more than one cluster. Thus, the total number of resimulated clusters we finally compiled was over 500 with M $>$ 10$^{14}$ {\itshape m$_{\odot}$}. The two datasets have now joined to form the MUSIC (MareNostrum-MUltidark SImulation of galaxy Clusters) project.

\section{Baryon properties in simulated galaxy clusters}
We analyzed some of the internal properties of the clusters. We mainly focused on the baryon properties, in order to see how relevant is the effect of overcooling on the clusters simulated with radiative physics. Overcooling is an hot topic of cluster simulations \citep{krav2005}: the huge star formation rate in the cluster center implies a star fraction larger than the observed one. We studied the behavior of a set of cluster properties (total mass, gas and star mass, baryon , star and gas fraction) at six different overdensities ranging from $\Delta$ = 200 to $\Delta$ = 2500, where $\Delta$ is the ratio between cluster density and local critical density. These two limit values correspond to an overdensity ($\Delta$ = 200) at  which the cluster mass well approximates the virial mass and a value  ($\Delta$ = 2500) often referred in X-ray observations allowing us to study the effect of overcooling. We also analyzed the dataset at five different redshifts (from {\itshape z} = 0 to {\itshape z} = 0.43) in order to study the effect of cluster evolution. We define the overdensity radius as the radius of the sphere within which the average density of the cluster is $\Delta$ times the critical density:
\begin{equation}
\frac{4}{3}\pi \rho_c(z)\Delta r^3_{\Delta}=M_{TOT}(r_{\Delta})
\end{equation}
The critical density is defined as {\itshape $\rho _c$(z)=3H$_0$$^2$E(z)$^2$/8$\pi$ G} depending on the assumed cosmology.
We calculated the gas fraction as {\itshape f$_{gas}$ $\equiv$ M$_{gas}$/M$_{TOT}$}; similarly, the star and baryon fraction as {\itshape f$_{star}$ $\equiv$ M$_{star}$/M$_{TOT}$} and {\itshape f$_{bar}$ $\equiv$(M$_{star}$+M$_{gas}$)/M$_{TOT}$}. Figures 1 and 2 show the baryon, gas and star fractions along the redshift for clusters of the MD dataset simulated with radiative physics at two different overdensities. In {\itshape fig.1} $\Delta$ = 500 and the mean values agree very well with observations\citep{gas}: the baryon fraction is close to the critical ratio $\Omega _b$/$\Omega _m$ as expected and the gas fraction is about twice bigger than the star fraction. In {\itshape fig.2} $\Delta$ = 2500 the effect of overcooling  (when the clusters are less evolved). The radiative clusters of MN dataset show a similar behavior but, being the masses smaller than those of MD dataset, the effect of overcooling is slightly stronger and the star fraction higher. On the other hand, morphology seems not to affect the baryon properties. Non-radiative clusters are obviously not affected by overcooling and the mean gas fraction approaches the critical ratio as we move towards $\Delta$ = 200.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=250pt]{Sembolini_F_Fig1}
\caption{Baryon (squares), gas (diamonds) and star (triangles) fraction {\itshape vs} redshift at overdensity $\Delta$ = 500 of MD clusters resimulated with non-adiabatic physics}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=250pt]{Sembolini_F_Fig2}
\caption{Baryon (squares), gas (diamonds) and star (triangles) fraction {\itshape vs} redshift at overdensity $\Delta$ = 2500 of MD clusters resimulated with non-adiabatic physics}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{SZ scaling relations}
The integrated brightness of the thermal component of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ) \citep{SZ70}, Y, is one of the strongest proxy to estimate the mass of galaxy clusters.Y is the integration over the solid angle subtended by the cluster  $\Omega$ of the Compton-y parameter defined as the integration of the electronic pressure along the line of sight.
 We studied the {\itshape Y-M} scaling relation of our simulated cluster sample to check it and compare it with other simulations, theory and observations.
Under the assumption of an isothermal model the integrated {\itshape Y} is proportional to the integral of the electron density {\itshape n$_e$}:
\begin{equation}
YD^2_A\propto T_e\int n_e dV=M_{gas}T_e=f_{gas}M_{TOT}T_e
\end{equation}
where {\itshape T$_e$} is the electronic temperature and {\itshape D$_A$} the angular distance
If we assume that cluster formation is driven by a spherically gravitational processes mainly due to the dark matter component with baryons and dark matter in hydrostatic equilibrium \citep{k1986} we find a scaling relation based on self-similarity \citep{bona2006}:

\begin{equation}
YD^2_A\propto f_{gas}M^{5/3}_{tot}E(z)^{2/3}
\end{equation}
where {\itshape E(z)} is the scale evolution. If we study this scaling relation in the log space, in the form {\itshape $\log$(Y) = A$\log$(X)+B} we expect a slope {\itshape A = 5/3 = 1.66}. To estimate Y for each cluster we built SZ maps by Compton-{\itshape y} parameter :
\begin{equation}
y \simeq \frac{k_B\sigma_T}{m_ec^2}\sum_in_{e,i}T_{e,i}W(\mid {\bf r}-{\bf r_{cdm}}\mid,h_i)
\end{equation}
where {\itshape h$_i$} is the smoothing length of the particle and {\itshape W} the particle kernel, {\itshape $\mid$r- r$_{cdm}\mid$} the position of SPH the particle respect to the centre of mass. All Y-M scaling relations, independently from physics, redshift or overdensity, showed a slope at least very close to the expected value of {\itshape A = 1.66} (see {\itshape fig.3})

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=250pt]{Sembolini_F_Fig3}
\caption{{\itshape Y-M} scaling relation of MD radiative clusters at {\itshape z = 0}, $\Delta$ = 500}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Concluding, we analyzed two datasets of clusters for a total of more than 600 objects simulated with high resolution and both radiative and non-radiative physics. The effect of overcooling becomes relevant only at high overdensities and the Y-M scaling relations show a very good agreement with a self-similar model.

\bibliographystyle{asp2010}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


My longest non stop run since the accident. Hampton Loade to back home.
I wandered around with my video bullet camera attached to the side of my head, hence the picture quality ain't all it should be.
Let's hope I can get out and about a bit more from now on.


This area of law covers a variety of claims that concern deception and misrepresentation such as faulty merchandise, failure to fulfill contracts, or misleading advertisements. One of the clearest illustrations of what Consumer Fraud involves is Lemon Laws. Many people are familiar with Lemon Law where warrantied motor vehicles are concerned. These laws essentially say that after you have made a certain number of attempts to correct a problem within a prescribed amount of time, if the vehicle still cannot be repaired then the law protects the consumer, usually by forcing the seller to replace the vehicle. Attorneys who practice Consumer Fraud law might also be called upon to help resolve other disputes concerning defective merchandise, credit fraud, Ponzi and pyramid schemes, false advertising, identity theft, and failure to fulfill the terms of a contract.


text:
Dodgers Vs. Rockies Recap: Dee Gordon Hits Two Triples In Win
The Los Angeles Dodgers were in a comfortable setting Friday, though it wasn't Coors Field specifically. The Dodgers entered the first of their seven-game road trip with an 18-11 record on the road, which is much better than their record at Dodger Stadium, where they're six games under .500.
Mired in a recent slump, Dee Gordon opened the game with a triple down the right field line off Colorado Rockies rookie Eddie Butler, who was making his MLB debut. Batting second for the first time since doing so one game last season, Hanley Ramirez drove Gordon home with an RBI ground out to short.
Charlie Blackmon hit a high chopper to Ramirez and beat the throw to reach on an infield single. Hyun-Jin Ryu then got the next batter to hit into a double play and after allowing a single to Troy Tulowitzki, Ryu got Justin Morneau to line out to center and the Dodgers led 1-0 at the end of the first inning.
Andre Ethier singled in the second inning and later came around to score on a Drew Butera two-out double. Following a two-out walk by Michael McKenry, Charlie Culberson worked a nine-pitch at-bat and singled to left. However with Butler up next, the Rockies were unable to take advantage of the men on base and trailed 2-0 heading into the third.
Ryu found himself in a bit of a jam as Drew Stubbs hit a leadoff double in the fourth inning, which was followed by a Corey Dickerson walk. Neither runner would score, much less advance as Ryu retired the next three batters to end the inning.
The Dodgers continued to hit well against Butler as Ryu hit a leadoff double and Gordon followed with his second triple of the game to give the Dodgers a 3-0 lead. Ramirez collected his first hit of the game with a line-drive RBI single to left that extended the Dodger lead to 4-0.
Ryu retired the Rockies in order in the bottom of the fifth and the Dodgers added to their lead the following inning. Justin Turner singled and Butera walked, which allowed Ryu to lay down a sac-bunt to advance both runners. Gordon stayed perfect on the night by hitting a single that scored Turner and Butera.
Gordon stole second base, Ramirez walked and that marked the end of Butler's night. Tommy Kahnle came on in relief and retired Yasiel Puig and Adrian Gonzalez to end the top of the sixth. The Rockies finally got to Ryu in the bottom of the sixth as Stubbs hit a solo home run. McKenry hit a two-out double and Culberson hit a triple to get the Rockies within 6-2.
Brandon League struck out two in the seventh as he pitched another scoreless inning this season. Brian Wilson pitched the eighth inning for the Dodgers and struck out the first two batters he faced before allowing a single to McKenry.
Culberson then reached on an error as the newly called up Miguel Rojas, who replaced Ramirez at shortstop for defensive purposes, dropped the line drive. The error wouldn't cost the Dodgers or Wilson, who retired the following batter.
The revolving door on the mound continued for the Dodgers as Chris Perez took over in the ninth and secured the Dodger win.
Dodgers Update: Don Mattingly Uses Expletive To Describe Team's Current State
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Михаил Матвеевич Бутурлин (? — 1648) — царский стольник, затем окольничий и воевода. Старший из двух сыновей стольника и воеводы Матвея Васильевича Бутурлина (ум. 1607).

Биография
В 1608 году стольник Михаил Бутурлин вместе с некоторыми другими дворянами и стольниками перешёл из Москвы в Тушино на службу к Лжедмитрию II. В Тушинском лагере М. М. Бутурлин ревностно служил самозванцу. В 1610 году, когда самозванец вынужден был бежать из Тушина в Калугу, помогал ему в этом, заставил калужан принять Лжедмитрия и даже лично умертвил местного воеводу Ивана Ивановича Годунова. В том же году по приказу Лжедмитрия II М. Бутурлин вместе с другим тушинским воеводой Игнатием Михневым убил касимовского царя Ураз-Мухаммеда, обвиненного в измене самозванцу, за что впоследствии был убит татарами и сам Лжедмитрий II. Летопись говорит, что «Михаила Бутурлина порази дух неприязненный лют зело, и пребысть тако до кончины своея».

После гибели Лжедмитрия II его жена Марина Мнишек объявила царем своего сына Ивана. Михаил Бутурлин вместе с князем Дмитрием Трубецким и другими тушинскими воеводами взял её под стражу. Тушинцы решили присягнуть на верность тому царю, который утвердится в Москве, и овладели Калугой.

В 1612 году Михаил Бутурлин присутствовал при осаде Москвы и освобождении русской столицы от польско-литовских интервентов. Однако во время венчания Михаила Фёдоровича Романова на царство его не было в столице. Михаил Бутурлин был отправлен в погоню за казацким атаманом Иваном Заруцким, который взял и разграбил Переяславль-Рязанский, но был настигнут и разбит М. Бутурлиным.

В 1613 году Михаил Матвеевич Бутурлин был назначен вторым воеводой и помощником первого воеводы, князя Дмитрия Мамстрюковича Черкасского, который командовал русским войском, отправленным для борьбы с польско-литовскими интервентами. Царские воеводы выступили из столицы на Калугу, осажденную в это время противником, но поляки отступили в Вязьму и Дорогобуж. Русские полки освободили Вязьму и Дорогобуж, которые сдались им добровольно. Затем они осадили крепость Белую, где укрепились поляки и казаки. Царские воеводы осадили город, отбили сильную вылазку врага и в августе вынудили поляков сдаться. Царь Михаил Фёдорович наградил воевод золотыми и велел им выступать на Смоленск, но Михаилу Бутурлину под Белой вырвало осколком ядра часть черепа, так что ему пришлось ехать на лечение в Москву. Вместо него в действующую армию был направлен стольник князь Иван Фёдорович Троекуров.

В 1616 году Михаилу Бутурлину было поручена продолжение блокады Смоленска. На помощь ему был отправлен с большим отрядом воевода князь Никита Петрович Барятинский, который под Дорогобужем был остановлен воеводой смоленским Александром Гонсевским. В русской рати под Смоленском было мало провианта и боевых припасов. На помощь М. Бутурлину был выслан князь Юрий Яншеевич Сулешев, но он не смог пробиться через польские войска, а Михаил Бутурлин был вынужден очистить смоленские предместья и отступить к Белой. Когда польский королевич Владислав Ваза в 1618 году подступил к Москве, Михаил Бутурлин был одним из воевод, защищавших русскую столицу. После этого Михаил Бутурлин несколько раз упоминается в придворных церемониях.

В 1622 году Михаил Матвеевич Бутурлин был назначен воеводой в Переяславль-Рязанский, а летом 1628 года царь назначил его главным воеводой в «украинный разряд». В 1630 году служил воеводой в Туле, затем находился при царском дворе до 1640 года, постоянно принимая участие в приёмах иностранных послов. В 1640 году Михаил Матвеевич Бутурлин был вторично назначен воеводой в Тулу, потом опять находился при дворе. 29 марта 1646 года был пожалован в окольничие. В 1647 году Михаил Бутурлин в третий раз находился на воеводстве в Туле, после чего, до конца жизни, пробыл при царском дворе.

Потомства не оставил.

Литература

Михаил Матвеевич
Царские стольники
Воеводы Тулы
Окольничие
Участники Русско-польской войны 1609—1618 годов (русские)
Тушинский лагерь
Воеводы Рязани
Полковые воеводы
Воеводы Уфы

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Update on India's Chandrayaan-2 moon mission
Posted by Sharmila Kuthunur in Space | August 13, 2019
Tomorrow, the spacecraft will shift from its orbit of Earth toward a path to the moon.
Animation of Hohmann transfer – an elliptical orbit used to transfer a spacecraft between 2 circular orbits around the same body in the same plane. While this GIF shows the Hohmann transfer for NASA's InSight spacecraft, Chandrayaan-2 will be following a similar approach on August 14, 2019. From its orbit around the Earth, the spacecraft will enter an elliptical orbit that takes it nearer to the moon. Once there, a series of braking mechanisms will slow it down for lunar capture. Image via Wikipedia.
With all of the five Earth-bound maneuvers successfully completed as planned, India's Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft will be shifting trajectories tomorrow (August 14, 2019). The Lunar Transfer Injection (LTI), scheduled between 3:00 to 4:00 IST (21:30 UTC August 13) will glide the spacecraft into a highly elliptical orbit precisely aimed to target the moon.
Chandrayaan-2 was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on July 22, 2019. The 8,488-pound (3850-kg) spacecraft was subjected to multiple orbit raising maneuvers that increased its altitude and decreased the influence of Earth's gravity on the spacecraft. The fifth and final maneuver was performed on August 6, 2019. According to a statement from ISRO:
Fifth earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully today (August 6, 2019) at 1504 hours (IST) as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 1041 seconds. The orbit achieved is 276 x 14,2975 km. All spacecraft parameters are normal.
The next maneuver is Trans Lunar Insertion (TLI), which is scheduled on August 14, 2019, between 0300 – 0400 hrs (IST).
On August 14, the spacecraft's propulsion systems will fire up once again at a specific point in its orbit around the Earth. This burn will be precisely timed so that the boost given to Chandrayaan-2 will target the spacecraft not to where the moon is at the time of the burn, but where it will be in the near future. This calculation has to be extremely precise since too large a burn can fling the spacecraft past the moon's orbit, and a burn that doesn't last long enough will not reach the moon at all.
A successful LTI will take Chandrayaan-2 near the moon and allow it to enter the moon's orbit on August 20, 2019. And 48 days after launch, the spacecraft is expected to soft-land on the moon's south pole on September 7.
Here are a few of the first images captured by Chandrayaan-2's Vikram lander:
Image via ISRO
Follow the Chandrayaan-2 mission on Facebook and Twitter
Bottom line: Chandrayaan-2 is still orbiting the Earth. On August 14, it will be directed toward a path to the moon.
Via ISRO
Sharmila Kuthunur
Sharmila Kuthunur is a freelance science writer based in India. A computer engineer by profession, she found her love for astronomy in one of Carl Sagan's books - The Pale Blue Dot and has been hooked ever since. She has a fondness for old school astronomy and spends almost all of her free time either gazing up at the sky or reading about it. She is also the Contributor for Astronomy magazine since October 2017. She loves putting thoughts into words and talking about all things space.


text:
Policy/
Self-driving car makers deflect privacy and security questions in Congress
Buzz off, Congress
Mar 15, 2016, 11:08 PM UTC |
Executives from Google, General Motors, Delphi, and Lyft appeared before a US Senate committee Tuesday to testify on their latest efforts to bring self-driving cars to the public. But when asked whether they support a bill to require anti-hacking safeguards in connected and autonomous cars, they stuttered through a series of non-answers. Their reticence isn't unusual — most corporate-minded individuals view the prospect of new government mandates with a certain queasiness. But the squirming on display in Congress today could hint at future conflicts down the road should lawmakers continue to pursue legal checks on new vehicle technology.
The questioning was led by Senator Edward Markey (D-MA), who is sponsoring a bill with Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) to require the Federal Trade Commission and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to develop standards to protect drivers' privacy and prevent potentially deadly hacks. Markey went down the line, asking each of the executives to state "yes or no" whether they supported mandatory privacy and safety standards. And in response, he got a lot of deflection.
"We think a more flexible approach is preferable"
"We haven't determined whether we need mandatory standards or not," said Glen DeVos, vice president for global engineering at Delphi. "We think a more flexible approach is preferable," said Mike Abelson, vice president at GM. "Google is attacked on a regular basis," said that company's head of self-driving cars, Chris Urmson. "We have hundreds of people devoted to cybersecurity." Translation: Butt out, senator. (Urmson later clarified that he was "not in the position to comment for Google" on the question of uniform standards for the entire industry.)
Markey wasn't happy with those responses. "I understand what you're saying," he said. "Witnesses sat here 30 years ago and said the same thing about airbags and seat belts. How they should leave it to the individual companies, that it was hard to mandate a specific airbag and it would be very expensive. So I understand the consistency over the decades. At the same time, people expect airbags to protect their children. And they're going to expect certain standards across the board that are going to protect people."
In introducing his bill last year, Markey's office released a report that found nearly all cars on the market include wireless technology that could be vulnerable. During the hearing, he recalled a more personal incident when he was hit by a car at the age of five while chasing two other children into the road. "As we're moving forward, we just want to make sure that we don't have unnecessary accidents," the senator said.
"someone is going to die in this technology"
Blumenthal also expressed his disappointment with the lack of support on the panel. "The credibility that this technology has may become exceedingly fragile if people can't trust standards that are uniform and mandatory," he said.
The senators did find one voice of support on the panel. Missy Cummings, director of Duke University's Human and Autonomy Lab, said she agreed there was the need for new rules in place to protect drivers, but doubts the federal government's ability to keep track of the companies that are creating this new technology. "It's happening so quickly that the government institutions cannot keep pace," she said.
But there is more at stake than whether Google and GM want to operate under a new set of government rules. Cummings underscored the point that lives were hanging in the balance. "There is no question that someone is going to die in this technology," Cummings added later in the hearing. "The question is when, and what can we do to minimize that."
More from Policy
Yes, Twitter changed its font
The tech industry's moment of reckoning: layoffs and hiring freezes


Denver Archbishop Charles Chaput made the front page of The New York Timeson Oct. 12, in a story that also ran in the Rocky Mountain News.Two days later the Newsreported Chaput's complaints that "a lot of what I said in the original interview was simply ignored." And, "I was disappointed with the misleading nature of the Timesstory." The archbishop was right that much of what he said in an eight-page interview did not appear in the story; Chaput's full interview is available at www.archden.org. As for being misrepresented, Chaput seems half-right.
The transcript shows that the archbishop repeatedly refused the Times'invitation to say that voting for John Kerry was a sin. Nevertheless, the Timeswrote, "Archbishop Chaput said a vote for a candidate like Mr. Kerry who supports abortion rights or embryonic stem-cell research would be a sin that must be confessed before receiving Communion."
Although the Timeswent too far in phrasing, it was correct about the inescapable logic of Chaput's remarks: abortion is an evil under all circumstances, voting for a pro-abortion candidate is a form of cooperating with evil, and a person who cooperates with evil should go to confession.
On the whole, both Denver papers have been fair in their news stories about the controversy over Catholic voting. But on the column side, Postblogger Dani Newsum (Aug. 11) called Catholicism a "cult of men with terminal cases of arrested sexual and psychosocial development." The Postnever would have published an article in their print edition using similar invective about the Buddhist sects which have an all-male celibate priesthood. It does the Postno credit to be associated with such attacks on any religion.
Newsum's Oct. 14 column mistakenly assumed that Chaput had said that Kerry was evil. Actually, Chaput had said that abortion was evil. She then demanded, "What about Rudolph Giuliani" and other pro-abortion Catholic Republicans?
In the archbishop's interview with the Times,he had already said, "if Rudy Giuliani is a Republican nominee the next go around, you're going to see the Republicans screaming at the church for making such a big issue of a pro-life matter, because - if I understand Mr. Giuliani's position - he is in favor of abortion."
PostWashington columnist John Aloysius Farrell (Oct. 17) likewise went too far by claiming that Chaput and Colorado Springs Bishop Michael Sheridan "mimic Mullah Omar and his Taliban oafs" - as if there were no difference between religious leaders who speak out during free elections and tyrants who obliterate freedom and who rule without elections.
The thesis of Farrell's column was that "For 40 years the Republican Party has paid little more than lip service to the anti-abortion cause."
The record suggests otherwise. The Reagan administration in its first term lobbied for a "Human Life Amendment" to overturn Roe v. Wade. The amendment passed out of committee, but was defeated 49-50 on the floor of the Senate. Under Reagan, Congress passed and the president signed a law prohibiting federal employee health programs from paying for abortions (except when the mother's life was in danger). In 1987, Reagan imposed a "gag rule" preventing some federally funded medical clinics from counseling about abortion. In 1988, Reagan signed a law prohibiting the District of Columbia government from subsidizing or performing abortions.
Reagan's successor, George H.W. Bush, vetoed 10 bills because they would have facilitated abortion, including a bill which would have overturned the Reagan gag rule.
Farrell asserts that Catholic leaders are fools because the current Republican administration has not attempted to prohibit abortion or to prohibit private stem-cell research. In contrast, the National Journal,a centrist political weekly with enormous influence among Washington's political class, headlined that President George W. Bush has been a "Promise Keeper" on social issues such as abortion.
While Bush and his anti-abortion allies in Congress have not pushed for currently-impossible prohibitions, they have recognized that politics is the art of the possible, and have enacted the Partial-Birth Abortion Act, the Born-Alive Infants Protection Act (an infant who somehow is born alive during abortion is considered a person, and cannot be killed), and the Unborn Victims of Violence Act (someone who kills a pregnant woman and her child is guilty of two murders, not one). Moreover, Bush restored the previous Reagan and G.H.W. Bush policy (which had been overturned by Clinton) of prohibiting U.S. taxpayer funding for abortions in other countries, including a U.N. program which forces women in China to have abortions.
Disclosure: As a matter of policy I favor legal abortion, although as a matter of law I think Roe v. Wade had no legitimate basis in the Constitution.
Correction: My Sept. 11 column about long-range naval support for American ground forces should have referred to Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles, not naval artillery.


Building strong relationships with local businesses and organizations is critical to any library's ability to serve its community in a successful, fulfilling way. Libraries aren't the only ones benefiting from these collaborations, however. Let's take a look at what is in it for local businesses, non-profit organizations, municipal departments, and the general public.


Robert Hart is an experienced executive with over 40 years in the Paper, Forest Products and Packaging industries. Over thirty years of his career was with Graphic Packaging and its predecessor companies Riverwood International Corporation and Manville Forest Products Company.
He served in a wide range of management positions including Engineering Management, General Manager Paper Mill Operations, VP Sales and Senior Vice president of the Corporation.
Mr. Hart has extensive experience in sales, manufacturing and engineering. His international experience with multinational customers spans Asia, Latin America, and Europe. He has served as a key member of numerous international acquisition teams and was appointed chairman of Fiskeby Board of Sweden following its acquisition by Riverwood International.
Throughout his career, he has emphasized the development of strong cross-functional teamwork and communication. He has a Total Quality and Safety focus, demonstrating consistent top quartile performance in these key areas while ensuring high productivity and low cost operations leading to sales growth.
Following his retirement from Graphic Packaging, Mr. Hart served as President of Mail-Weil (now Cenveo) Envelope and file Group from 2000 to 2005. Since 2005 he has served as an independent consultant to both US and International corporations.
He holds a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology; a Master in Business Administration from the University of Louisiana, Monroe and is a graduate of the Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program.


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CATHOLIC NEWS OF THE WEEK . Sunday, 1 September 2019
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Four vicars general now on job
HONG KONG (SE): The diocese of Hong Kong has added two more names to its leadership and administration team, with Father Peter Choy Wai-man and Father Benedict Lam Cho-ming being added to the list of vicars general.
They will join Bishop Joseph Ha Chi-shing and veteran vicar general, Father Dominic Chan Chi-ming, in taking up various responsibilities for different areas of operation.
The bishop of Hong Kong, Bishop Michael Yeung Ming-cheung, said in announcing the appointments on October 15 that he hopes the revamped team will help to rejuvenate the leadership of the diocese and keep plans for various projects and movements developing.
Bishop Yeung added that when he became an auxiliary bishop in 2014 he did so together with two others, Bishop Ha and Bishop Stephen Lee Bun-sang, who has since been transferred to Macau.
He explained that having three auxiliaries took the pressure off life at the top a bit as they were able to share many jobs around with the bishop at the time, John Cardinal Tong Hon.
However, with the depletion of the team even his short experience as the bishop tells him that it is becoming increasingly difficult to keep up with all the demands that are made upon his office, as his schedule includes attending many functions and then there are the unexpected visitors and dignitaries who request meetings.
He said that this forces him to put general administration in the back seat, which in the long run is counter-productive.
He also pointed out that the two additions to his team have expertise in areas that are rather specialised, as Father Choy has been involved on many levels in the seminary, as has Father Lam, who is also an experienced parish priest and chaplain to the Commission for Pastoral Services and to the Pastoral Association for Disabled and the Pastoral Association for the Deaf.
However, he stressed that it is also important to spread the responsibility for leadership around, as he will not be bishop forever and others need the opportunity to develop skills in leadership.
Although he added that there is no quick fix to the challenge of leadership, he believes that this is a good way to begin that allows people with a flare to shine.
Fifty-eight-year-old Father Choy was born in Hong Kong in 1959. He went to the Holy Spirit Seminary in 1979 and was ordained priest in 1986.
He has done post-graduate studies and holds a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.
Father Choy has been the president of and a lecturer at the seminary college and has dedicated himself to the field of theological and spiritual formation of the laity and lay ministries.
He has been the president of Yuan Dao Study Society, which promotes Catholic research, and is on the board of the Institute of Sino-Christian Studies, as well as being a member of the executive committee of the Centre for Catholic Studies of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
He said that he regards his new appointment as a challenge for a person who has long focussed on theological formation, as he has been trying to bring about development in Church life through teaching, so the new appointment is a new era in life.
Sixty-two-year-old Father Lam was born in Hong Kong in 1955, entering Holy Spirit Seminary in 1976 and has a degree in theology from the Pontifical Urban University in Rome. Since his ordination in 1983, he also has a long experience in parish work.
Father Lam has been the spiritual director at the Holy Spirit Seminary and completed a master's degree in spirituality in Rome.
He is a former president of the Diocesan Vocations Commission and did a stint as rector of the Holy Spirit Seminary.
His vast experience with people that live with various physical impairments has given him an expertise in an area of highly specialised ministry.
Father Lam said he is nervous about his appointment, but is known as a friendly and people oriented chap, so expected to be a great asset to the leadership team.
Bishop Ha was born in Hong Kong in 1959. Since joining the Franciscans in 1984, he has completed degrees in philosophy and theology at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome and a master's degree in spirituality from the Pontifical University Antonianum.
Bishop Ha was ordained a priest in 1990 and is a former president of the Franciscan Foundation in Hong Kong, as well as having a long pastoral experience in parishes.
The veteran vicar general, Father Chan, was born in Hong Kong in 1952. He went to the Holy Spirit Seminary in 1966 and was ordained a priest in 1979.
He has degrees in philosophy and theology from the Pontifical Urban University and a master's degree in theology from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome.
He has worked in a number of parishes and became the episcopal vicar of Kowloon in 1985 and a vicar general in 1992,
A good administrator, he has been the organising force behind many a project around the diocese.
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Allergan Announces Updated Presentation Time at the Bernstein Strategic Decisions Conference
Allergan plc
May 24, 2019, 16:05 ET
DUBLIN, May 24, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Allergan plc (NYSE: AGN) today announced that Chairman and CEO Brent Saunders will participate in a fireside chat at the Bernstein 35th Annual Strategic Decisions Conference in New York, NY. The presentation will begin at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, May 30, 2019.
The presentation will be webcast live and can be accessed on Allergan's Investor Relations website at https://www.allergan.com/investors/events-presentations. The webcast can also be accessed through the following URL: https://event.webcasts.com/starthere.jsp?ei=1244856&tp_key=4e5c44cd1d&tp_special=8
An archived version will be available within approximately one hour of the live presentation and can be accessed at the same location for 180 days.
About Allergan plc
Allergan plc (NYSE: AGN), headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, is a global pharmaceutical leader focused on developing, manufacturing and commercializing branded pharmaceutical, device, biologic, surgical and regenerative medicine products for patients around the world. Allergan markets a portfolio of leading brands and best-in-class products primarily focused on four key therapeutic areas including medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system and gastroenterology. As part of its approach to delivering innovation for better patient care, Allergan has built one of the broadest pharmaceutical and device research and development pipelines in the industry.
With colleagues and commercial operations located in approximately 100 countries, Allergan is committed to working with physicians, healthcare providers and patients to deliver innovative and meaningful treatments that help people around the world live longer, healthier lives every day.
For more information, visit Allergan's website at www.Allergan.com.
Allergan:
Manisha Narasimhan, PhD
Lisa Brown
SOURCE Allergan plc
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Mardiros Nalbandian, director of the Getronagan (1909 – 1913).
Getronagan Armenian High School was founded by Patriarch Nerses Varjabedian in Constantinople in 1886.
Was he a relative of my Grandfather Guydzhag Nalbandian? Trying to verify that my Grandfather was a resistance fighter at Musa Dagh. He was in the French Armenian Legion during WWI and we know he did not join from the US, he would travel to the US many years later in the 1920's. 500 resistance fighters from Musa Dagh joined the French Armenian Legion. Do you know if there is a roster of the Musa Dagh survivors. Thank You.
They were born in 1901 and 1911 respectively.
They are both from Musa Dagh.
The two surnames are mentioned in Wikipedia as "belligérants" during the uprising in Musa Dagh before being rescued by the French.
I would love to find a roster list somewhere .. as I know many of the adult relatives were Resistance fighters.


How funny were these two shows last night? I couldn't stop laughing out loud, they both just tickled my funny bone.
First up, on Parks and Recreation, Amy Poehler's character (Leslie Knope) was out of this world last night. Her scenes where she was being interviewed for the newspaper were hysterical. And, if you DVRd the episode (as I did), at the end of the episode you could pause the screen to read the actual newspaper article on Leslie's proposed park. The article is sooooo funny!
Then, on The Office, Michael (Steve Carell), Pam (Jenna Fischer), and Ryan (BJ Novak) all got their jobs back at Dunder-Mifflin! All the actors on The Office had great performances last night that were literally laugh out loud. I'm happy that these 3 are back in the actual office too. It was great to see Michael stand up for Ryan and Pam, and he even got Pam promoted from receptionist to Sales Rep. It'll be interesting to see her in this new role. I wonder if it will spark some competitiveness between her and her fiancee, Jim (John Krasinski)?
Sadly, I think last night's episode of The Office was guest star's Idris Elba's last episode. I hope they'll get him back at some point, he was a great character!


At the point when we think of probabilities, the principal thing that rings a bell is a coin toss having a 50% chance of being right on a given toss. It leads us to ask the question can something as simple as a coin toss be effectively applied to the market Well maybe YES may be NO read on and find out.
Probability in forex trading can, in any event, give us a few tools moving forward to approach the market, and probability can be applied to the market A trader's current views of probability could be completely wrong, and they could very well be why they are not making money in the markets. This write up is an introduction to the probabilities of forex trading.
For the time being, anything can happen; this is the reason the coin toss is a proper similarity to the forex trading system. We should expect that at any given time the market scenario changes. Along these lines, our possibility of making a benefit on a position is half either on a long-term or short-term basis.
While ideally, nobody would make totally arbitrary trader, we will begin with this situation. In the event that we a have an equivalent likelihood of influencing a snappy benefit (to like a coin toss), does a keep running of benefits or misfortunes flag what future results will be? No! Not on irregular trader. This is a typically misguided judgment. Every occasion still has half likelihood, regardless of what results came earlier.
The above illustration gave a transient exchange case in light of a half possibility of being correct or off-base. Be that as it may, does this apply to the long haul?
The reason is that despite the fact that a broker may just take long-haul positions, he or she will do less exchange. In this way, it will take more time to achieve information from enough trader to check whether basic fortunes is included or on the off chance that it was aptitude. A transient merchant may make 30 traders per week and demonstrate a benefit each month for a long time. Has this dealer conquered the chances with genuine ability? It would appear to be in this way, as the chances of having a keep running of 24 productive months are to a great degree uncommon unless the chances have moved more to support him some way or another.
Presently shouldn't something be said about a long haul financial specialist who has made three traders in the course of the most recent two years that have been productive? Is this dealer showing expertise? Not really. As of now, this trader has to keep running of three going, and that isn't hard to achieve even from absolutely irregular outcomes. The lesson here is that expertise isn't quite recently reflected for the time being (regardless of whether that is one day or one year, it will contrast by exchanging procedure); it will likewise be reflected in the long haul. We require enough exchange information to precisely decide if a procedure is sufficiently critical to conquering arbitrary probabilities. What's more, even with this, we confront another test: While each exchange is an occasion, so is a month and year in which trader were set.
A broker who put 30 trader seven days has conquered the everyday chances and the month to month chances for a decent number of periods. In a perfect world, demonstrating the system over a couple of more years would eradicate all uncertainty that fortunes were included because of a specific economic situation. For our long-haul dealer making trader that last over a year, it will take a few more years to demonstrate that his technique is productive over this more extended time span and in all economic situations.


Background: Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent type of cancers in the world. Due to its relatively high rate of recurrence, the prognosis of patients is poor and the survival rate is low; therefore, identifying the prognostic factors is considered necessary for better treatment. Materials and Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 201 patients diagnosed with aerodigestive SCC who underwent surgery and lymph node dissection. We determined the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional failure-free survival (LFFS). We noticed an association between LNR and survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) of LNR was determined by Cox's regression model. Results: Two hundred and one patients entered this study after their medical histories were evaluated. The mean of lymph node count and LNR was 14.30 (±9.50) and 0.12 (±0.23), respectively. Eighty patients (39.80%) experienced recurrence of SCC. Five-year OS, DFS, and LFFS were 32%, 21%, and 64%, respectively. The median of OS was 40.70 months and 30.11 months in patients with LNR of ≤0.06 and >0.06, respectively (P < 0.01). The LNR >0.06 was found to be a significant prognostic factor for lower OS of patients with HNSCC (HR = 2.11 [1.10, 4.40]; P = 0.04). DFS was not significantly different among patients with LNR ≤0.06 and patients with LNR >0.06 (P = 0.9). However, LFFS was slightly different among two groups (HR = 2.04 [0.90–4.80]; P < 0.1). Conclusion: We recommend more intensive adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy with radiotherapy and short interval follow-up for patients with LNR >0.06. Further investigations with larger sample sizes are recommended.
Head-and-neck cancers comprise approximately 4% of all cancers in the United States. These cancers which diagnosed over 50 years, are twice common in men rather than women. The most common type of head-and-neck cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and they arise more commonly from oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx.
Treatment strategies of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) depends on tumor site and stage and patient-specific factors such as comorbidities and preference. Multimodality treatments of HNSCC can include surgery, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of treatments. Patients with localized (Stage I and II) HNSCC are usually managed with either surgery or RT alone. However, patients with more advanced (Stage III and IVa/b) disease generally require various combinations of RT, surgery, and chemotherapy or cetuximab.
Risk stratification is crucial in choosing the appropriate treatment and the need for adjuvant therapy. Currently, tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging system is used for the determination of risk and prognosis of HNSCC. Nodal staging in this system is based on the following parameters: number, site, and size of positive lymph nodes., Recent evidence suggests that besides these factors, the number of positive nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR), and lymph node yield are critical prognostic factors that have not included in the TNM staging system.
Several studies have revealed that LNR has great prognostic value in different cancers such as head-and-neck cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, and cervical cancer., LNR is defined as the ratio of the number of affected lymph nodes to the total number of excised lymph nodes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of LNR in survival of HNSCC patients.
All patients diagnosed with pathologically approved aerodigestive SCC and lymph node metastasis in neck dissection according to the pathologic report who were admitted to Tehran Cancer Institute (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran) between 2005 and 2011 were the candidates for participating in this historical cohort study. Patients with previous surgical intervention in head-and-neck region, noncomplete preoperative staging, distant metastasis, nonradical tumor resection, margin involvement, inappropriate neck lymph node dissection, and preoperative chemo- and radio-therapy were excluded from the study.
All medical records of participants were surveyed; demographic data, histologic grade and stage of tumor, place of involvement, lymph node count, and LNR were collected from the medical records. Moreover, information surrounding the recurrence, site of recurrence, and survival was obtained by contacting the patients and/or their family member(s) and arranging a tele-interview.
The data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20 software for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Quantitative data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (or median as appropriate) while qualitative data as frequency (percentage). Continuous data were compared among groups using independent samples t-test and categorical ones using Chi-square test. Kaplan–Meier method along with log-rank test were used to compare the overall loco-regional failure and disease-free survival (DFS) among two groups of patients with LNR of ≤ 0.06 and > 0.06 for different stages of cancer. Crude and multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the potential impact of LNR on overall survival (OS), DFS, and loco-regional failure-free survival (LFFS).
We considered cut point of 0.06 for LNR, similar to the study conducted by Gil et al. in 2009. All reported P values were two-sided.
Our study was conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration. Furthermore, the study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR. Tums.vcr.rec. 1396.2831).
Two hundred and one patients entered this study after their medical histories were evaluated. Eighty-nine patients (44.28%) were female and the remaining individuals were male. Thirty-eight patients (18.91%) were in the age group of <50 years, 74 (36.82%) in 50–70 years, 75 (37.31%) in >70 years, and 14 (6.97%) with unknown age due to the incompetency of patients' records. Sites of involvement were lips in 21 (10.44%), oral cavity in 153 (76.11%), oropharynx in 6 (2.98%), larynx in 5 (2.48%), and other sites in 16 (7. 96%) patients. Forty patients were in Stage 1 (19.90%), 39 (19.40%) in Stage 2, 56 (27.86%) in Stage 3, and 66 (32.84%) in Stage 4a and 4b. Grade of histology of 99 patients (49.25%), 70 (34.83%), 4 (1.99%), 1 (0.50%), and 27 (13.43%) were well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly undifferentiated, and unclear, respectively. The mean of lymph node count and LNR was 14.30 (±9.50) and 0.12 (±0.23), respectively [Table 1].
The total recurrence count was 80 (39.80%) in participants of this study, 7 (8.75%), 65 (81.25%) and 8 (10%) of which were local, regional, and distant metastasis, respectively. Five-year OS, DFS, and LFFS were 32%, 21%, and 64%, with a median of 30.11, 69.42, and 22.44 months, respectively [Table 2].
[Table 3] presents the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OSs in two groups of patients with LNR of ≤0.06 and >0.06. Two groups of patients were significantly different in terms of types of survival rate (P< 0.01). The 5-year OS according to LNR was 44% and 14% with a median of 40.70 and 30.11 in patients with LNR of ≤0.06 and >0.06, respectively.
The results of Kaplan–Meier and log-rank test for comparing the OS among patients with LNR ≤0.06 and LNR >0.06 indicated a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, a significant difference was observed among patients in different stages of disease (P< 0.05). The observed differences were related to patients in Stage 4 compared to those in Stage 1 (P< 0.001), patients in Stage 4 compared to those in Stages 2 and 3 (P< 0.01), and patients in Stage 1 compared to those in Stages 2 and 3 (P< 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between patients in Stages 2 and 3. [Figure 1] and [Figure 2].
[Table 4] presents the crude and multivariable adjusted HR of potential impact of LNR on all studied types of survival. The LNR not only in crude model was a significant prognostic factor (3.20 [2.05, 4.95]) but also after adjustment for the impacts of potential confounding factor for OS of patients with HNSCC (HR = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.10, 4.40)).
Although there was a significant relation between LNR, DFS, and LFFS in crude models, the DFS was not significantly different between patients with LNR ≤0.06 and patients with LNR >0.06 in adjusted model (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.6–1.72, P = 0.9), while LFFS was slightly different between two groups (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.90–4.80, P = 0.09).
The present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of LNR in survival of HNSCC. The findings suggest that the OS among patients with LNR ≤ 0.06 and LNR > 0.06 has a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in LNR among patients in different stages of disease (P< 0.05).
Due to high mortality and recurrence rate in HNSCC and also intensive treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, determining a major prognostic factor for patients seems to be necessary., Many factors have been considered as prognostic factor for patients with this type of cancer in studies conducted before such as TNM staging, age, gender, place of involvement, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node involvement, and extracapsular invasion of metastatic lymph node., In 2015, Chen et al. emphasized the importance of LNR as a prognostic factor in head-and-neck cancer patients that affect OS and LFFS.
Gil et al. in 2009 conducted a study on 386 patients with oral cavity cancer who underwent surgical treatment with or without adjuvant therapy and concluded that LNR (cut point of 0.06) is an independent prognostic factor in survival of patients.
Reinisch et al. in 2014 revealed that LNR (cut point of 0.06) was a significant predictor of OS and recurrence-free survival. Lanzer et al. similarly mentioned that LNR and capsule penetration were independent prognostic factors in HNSCC. In contrast, the study by Roberts et al. indicated that the number of positive nodes is a better prognostic factor than LNR and American Joint Committee on Cancer N staging. In addition, de Ridder et al. concluded that due to changes in specimen processing, the number of positive lymph node is more reliable factor than LNR. However, it was later shown by Feng et al. that the combination of LNR and positive lymph node is superior predictor than traditional TNM staging for the benefits of adjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.
Yong-Hong et al., who conducted a study on patients with SCC of hypopharynx, represented the LNR as a prognostic factor with cut point of 0.1. However, Feng et al. choose 0.075 as cutoff value, so different cut points for LNR were reported in the studies carried out in this field., We perused the effect of LNR on prognosis of patients with cut point of 0.06 and the LNR was a significant prognostic factor for OS.
According to our study, the LNR is one of the significant prognostic factors for OS of patients, but not for DFS and LFFS in the period of follow-up (albeit the association because of HR >1).
Shrime et al. allocated patients with oral cavity SCC in three groups by survival and count of involved lymph node. In this study, the authors concluded that the LNR had a significant negative effect on survival.
In several studies, the number of positive lymph node or LNR was surveyed for determining its effect on survival of patients and each study reported various cut points., There were many confounding factors in these studies for determination of cut points, for example, the presence of previous chemo-radiotherapy. Hence, in this study to neutralize the effect of previous chemo-radiotherapy, we excluded all patients with history of chemo-radiotherapy.
One of the problems we encountered was the incomplete medical records. From the other limitations, we can mention poor cooperation of some participants for follow-up.
We conclude that the LNR is a significant prognostic factor in OS of patients diagnosed with HNSCC. We recommend more intensive adjuvant therapy such as chemotherapy with radiotherapy and short interval follow-up for patients with LNR >0.06.
This study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. We would like to thank all patients who cooperated with us while performing the present research.
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