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L'Amstrad CPC 464 (CPC sigla di Colour Personal Computer) è un home computer a 8 bit prodotto da Amstrad e commercializzato dal 1984 al 1990. In Europa è stato uno dei microcomputer di maggior successo, essendo stato venduto in più di  di unità.

Il computer fu voluto direttamente da Alan Michael Sugar, presidente della Amstrad, che produsse così il suo il primo home computer; presentato nel 1984, si mise in diretta concorrenza con lo ZX Spectrum e il Commodore 64: nonostante utilizzasse componenti già da tempo in commercio e comuni ad altri sistemi, come la CPU Zilog Z80, da cui derivavano caratteristiche non eccellenti ma comunque discrete per un computer di quella fascia di prezzo e in linea con quelle della concorrenza, il CPC 464 riuscì ad affermarsi non solo sul suolo inglese ma anche in diversi altri Paesi europei grazie al suo prezzo di vendita contenuto che comprendeva un sistema completo, composto da un'unità centrale con tastiera integrata, un monitor e un registratore a cassette integrato.

Storia

L'ideazione
Nel 1982 Clive Sinclair presentò lo ZX Spectrum, un microcomputer destinato all'utenza domestica che fece registrare buone vendite grazie al suo prezzo abbordabile ed alle sue caratteristiche, come la grafica a colori. Alan Sugar, che fino ad allora si era dedicato al commercio di sistemi Hi-Fi con la sua azienda Amstrad, rimase colpito dal successo commerciale dello ZX Spectrum, e decise di sviluppare un proprio computer. Nello stesso periodo era arrivato sul mercato anche il Commodore 64, un altro home computer con interessanti caratteristiche tecniche. Agli inizi del 1983 Sugar incaricò uno degli ingegneri della società, Ivor Spital, di analizzare i computer in commercio per capire quali fossero le offerte della concorrenza, cosa mancava a quelle macchine e quanto costasse produrle. Con l'analisi di Ivor, Sugar capì che sarebbe stato necessario offrire un'unità "all-in-one" (tutto-in-uno), dotata cioè di tutto ciò che serviva per poterla utilizzare subito (tastiera, monitor, unità per leggere il software) ad un prezzo inferiore alle 200 sterline. Il primo passo fu la progettazione del case, che fu un processo abbastanza rapido. Terminato lo sviluppo del contenitore, per la circuiteria interna Amstrad dovette rivolgersi a dei progettisti esterni perché la società di Sugar non aveva le competenze per lavorare in ambito informatico. Nel mese di aprile del 1983 furono contattati un paio di sviluppatori i quali proposero ad Amstrad il progetto di un sistema basato sul diffuso microprocessore MOS 6502, sviluppabile in circa 1 mese. Sfortunatamente i due progettisti non si dimostrarono all'altezza del compito e, trascorso il tempo previsto, non furono in grado di presentare a Sugar nessun prototipo funzionante.

Il completamento del progetto
Amstrad contattò allora un'altra coppia di sviluppatori, Roland Perry e William Poel, che avevano già esperienza nel settore. Ad agosto i due progettisti avevano già realizzato la tastiera, l'unità a nastri e disposto tutte le porte di comunicazione sul retro del computer ma mancava ancora la scheda madre definitiva ed il software di base del computer. Per la parte software Perry si rivolse alla Locomotive Software, una società fondata di recente da Chris Hall e Richard Clayton che aveva scritto una versione del BASIC per Acorn Computers, da usarsi insieme alla scheda di espansione basata sullo Z80 realizzata per il BBC Micro. Il problema era la CPU: il progetto del nuovo computer, a cui era stato dato il nome in codice di "Arnold" da Perry stesso, prevedeva l'uso del 6502 mentre il BASIC di Locomotive Software era stato scritto per lo Z80. La prima idea di Perry fu quella di attendere che Locomotive Software convertisse l'interprete dal linguaggio macchina del 6502 a quello dello Z80 ma Clayton e Hall fecero presente che ciò non sarebbe stato fatto in tempi brevi, ed il computer doveva essere terminato entro dicembre, la scadenza ultima fissata da Amstrad. Fu perciò deciso di cambiare il progetto hardware, sostituendo il 6502 con lo Z80: in questo modo si poteva utilizzare quel BASIC senza nessuna modifica. Per la parte hardware i fondatori di Locomotive Software suggerirono a Perry di rivolgersi alla MEJ Electronics, una società fondata da Mark-Eric Jones, che conoscevano da tempo. Jones non aveva mai lavorato con il 6502 ma aveva già avuto esperienze con lo Z80 perciò accettò l'incarico e si mise al lavoro sul progetto fornito da Perry per convertirlo allo Z80.

Anche sul lato hardware i lavori proseguivano. Per semplificare il progetto del prototipo che aveva ricevuto da Perry, Jones decise di adottare un gate array, un circuito integrato che incorporasse parte della componentistica più semplice. Fu deciso di rivolgersi a Ferranti, che già produceva un Gate Array denominato ULA per lo ZX81 e lo ZX Spectrum. Sfortunatamente Ferranti incontrò dei problemi derivanti dall'adattamento del progetto del chip ai suoi processi produttivi. Locomotive Software doveva avere ad ottobre i primi prototipi completi dell'hardware del computer per terminare lo sviluppo del software per cui, per portare avanti lo sviluppo del computer, fu realizzata una scheda elettronica che replicava le funzionalità dell'ULA, che fu chiamata "Gate Array Simulator" (GAS). Sugar voleva che al momento della presentazione del computer fosse già disponibile un certo numero di giochi per cui dei prototipi del computer, basati sul GAS e su una memoria RAM alimentata da una batteria tampone al posto delle più costose memorie non volatili EEPROM per ospitare il firmware in via di sviluppo, furono spediti a diversi sviluppatori di giochi. Al lancio del computer, Sugar poté presentare anche una libreria software con diversi titoli già pronti all'acquisto. Visti i ritardi di Ferranti, Sugar decise di pagare ugualmente il compenso pattuito per lo sviluppo del chip anche se non era stato in realtà terminato, e di far realizzare l'integrato ad un'altra società. Sugar decise così perché reputava che il danno d'immagine e le mancate vendite derivanti dal ritardo nella commercializzazione del computer sarebbero stati ben superiori rispetto alla cifra sborsata a Ferranti. La produzione passò a LSI Logic, ed il chip fu pronto solo nel mese di febbraio del 1984, circa 2 mesi prima della presentazione del computer: lo sviluppo fu comunque portato a termine entro la fine del 1983, rispettando i tempi previsti, grazie al GAS.

La produzione e la dismissione
Il computer fu presentato il 12 aprile 1984 alla Westminster School di Londra ad un pubblico di circa 400 giornalisti del settore come CPC 464: la sigla "CPC" stava per "Colour Personal Computer", ad indicare la capacità del sistema di generare grafica a colori, mentre il numero 464 nasceva dall'unione della frequenza della CPU (4 MHz) con i kB di RAM in dotazione (64). Il computer era offerto in due configurazioni, con monitor monocromatico verde oppure con monitor a colori: la prima costava 249 sterline (più del prezzo inizialmente previsto) mentre la seconda 349 sterline, poi portata a 359 al momento dell'effettiva commercializzazione. Durante la presentazione Sugar annunciò anche un'unità a floppy disk esterna da 3" offerta a 199 sterline, prezzo comprensivo dell'interfaccia per collegarla al computer: tale unità fu però disponibile solo nell'autunno di quello stesso anno. Il computer fu messo in vendita il 21 giugno inizialmente solo presso Rumbelows, uno dei rivenditori dei prodotti Amastrad: questa esclusiva temporanea fu dovuta al fatto che Rumbelows pagò gli annunci pubblicitari del lancio del nuovo sistema.

L'home computer rimase in commercio, nonostante la presentazione di diversi computer derivati da esso, fino al 1990, quando fu definitivamente tolto dal commercio per far spazio alla console GX4000.

Caratteristiche tecniche

Rispetto al prototipo originale, basato sul MOS 6502, il computer finale adottava la CPU Z80A di Zilog con frequenza operativa di 4 MHz, grazie al quale il computer dotato di unità a dischi poteva caricare il CP/M, all'epoca uno dei più diffusi DOS. Siccome lo Z80 poteva indirizzare un massimo di 64 kB di memoria e dato che il Locomotive BASIC ed il Firmware occupavano 32 kB di ROM, fu deciso di suddividere le routine del sistema su 2 chip da 16 kB l'uno e fu poi studiato un meccanismo di bank switching per alternare il banco di ROM attivo: la suddivisione fu fatta in modo che il chip attivo contenesse il codice di tutte le routine in quel momento in esecuzione. Il chip da utilizzare veniva poi selezionato dal sistema e reso attivo nello spazio di indirizzamento della CPU. Il chip ROM attivo occupava 16 kB e altra memoria era occupata dal sistema per variabili ed altro: dei 64 kB di memoria iniziali all'utente ne restavano liberi 42 kB. Di questi, 16 kB erano occupati dalla memoria video, la cui gestione era suddivisa fra l'ULA e l'Hitachi HD6845 CRT: la prima si occupava di generare la parte grafica mentre il secondo si occupava della generazione del segnale video da inviare al monitor. Le modalità grafiche permesse dal sistema erano tre. La prima permetteva la rappresentazione di una schermata testuale di 20×25 caratteri oppure di una schermata grafica di 160×200 pixel, entrambe con 16 colori disponibili da una tavolozza di 27. La seconda permetteva 40×25 caratteri oppure 320×200 pixel, con 4 colori. L'ultima, 80×25 caratteri oppure 640×200 pixel, con 2 colori. Il segnale video era inviato al monitor incluso nella confezione che era, a seconda del modello acquistato, monocromatico verde oppure a colori. Il collegamento con il computer avveniva con un doppio cavo: uno serviva al segnale video dal computer al monitor, sul secondo cavo viaggiava invece l'alimentazione elettrica dal monitor al computer. L'ULA si occupava anche di gestire gli interrupt, di alternare il banco ROM attivo e di generare i segnali di temporizzazione, compresi quelli per l'accesso alternato della CPU e del chip video alla RAM del sistema.

L'unità a cassette integrata era stata scelta perché più economica rispetto alle unità a floppy; quest'ultima fu presentata insieme al computer ed era di un formato da 3". L'unità veniva fornita con un'interfaccia hardware per il collegamento al computer che conteneva anche un rudimentale DOS, denominato AmsDOS (da Amstrad DOS) e scritto da Locomotive Software, che veniva caricato in memoria andando ad aggiungere al firmware originale i comandi per la gestione dei dischi. L'interfaccia conteneva anche il codice di avvio necessario a caricare il CP/M, fornito alla versione 2.2, grazie al quale sul computer poteva essere eseguito tutto il software da ufficio scritto per questo sistema operativo. Non va dimenticato, infatti, che nei piani di Sugar il CPC 464 non era visto solo come una macchina da gioco ma anche come un sistema idoneo all'uso in ambito professionale. Il computer era dotato del chip audio General Instrument AY-3-8912, usato su diversi computer e console ad 8 e 16 bit. Nonostante fosse inferiore al SID del Commodore 64, era comunque capace di generare 3 voci ad 8 ottave. Sui primi modelli l'audio era riprodotto da un piccolo altoparlante integrato, eliminato nei modelli successivi; un'uscita audio permetteva il collegamento ad un sistema di riproduzione esterno.

BASIC

Clayton e Hall di Locomotive Software lavorarono al loro Locomotive BASIC per adattarlo al nuovo sistema aggiungendo tutte le parole chiave necessarie a gestire la grafica ed il sonoro del computer e strutturarono il linguaggio in modo da astrarlo dall'hardware della macchina mediante un livello software intermedio, il firmware, realizzato in modo modulare: al BASIC sarebbe perciò spettato solo il compito di interpretare i comandi dell'utente e passarli al firmware, a cui sarebbe spettato il compito di interagire direttamente con l'hardware della macchina per la loro esecuzione. Il firmware fu diviso in 5 moduli: lo schermo, la gestione delle cassette, le routine grafiche di disegno, l'aritmetica in virgola mobile ed il sistema operativo real-time. La scelta di suddividere il firmware in moduli fu fatta per tenere il codice ordinato, con le varie funzioni separate le une dalle altre.

Le tante parole chiave furono introdotte affinché i programmatori non dovessero fare ricorso all'uso di numerose POKE per gestire le caratteristiche del computer, come avveniva ad esempio sul Commodore 64 dove il suo BASIC non offriva istruzioni per un uso diretto delle sue capacità grafiche e sonore. Il sistema fu inoltre pensato affinché fosse in grado di gestire 8 finestre testuali separate, ognuna gestita in modo indipendente così che l'utente potesse scegliere su quale scrivere e quale visualizzare.

Il BASIC era dotato di un sistema di espansione dei comandi detto "RSX" (da "Resident System eXtensions") grazie a cui si poteva integrare nel linguaggio il supporto a nuove periferiche quali i floppy, le penne ottiche ed altro. Le estensioni RSX erano riconoscibili dal fatto che i comandi iniziavano con il carattere "|", ad esempio "|DISK" passa al disco come unità di massa predefinita. Le estensioni RSX potevano essere inserite da una ROM (ad esempio dalla ROM di una periferica) oppure via software.

Firmware
Il kernel del computer, il nocciolo del sistema operativo, era il Firmware, un insieme di routine in linguaggio macchina che accedevano direttamente all'hardware del sistema. Per facilitare i programmatori gli ingegneri di Locomotive Software decisero per l'adozione di una tabella di salti detta "jumpblock": questa tabella era un elenco di indirizzi posizionati su tutti i modelli dei computer della classe CPC allo stesso identico indirizzo. Un programmatore che voleva chiamare una determinata funzione del firmware poteva accederci tramite il suo punto d'ingresso della jumpblock: facendo così, il suo programma avrebbe funzionato su qualunque computer dato che se anche la funzione fosse stata ricollocata ad un altro indirizzo della ROM dai progettisti di Locomotive Software, anche l'indirizzo nella jumpblock sarebbe stato modificato. Questo sistema assicurava perciò la piena portabilità del codice non solo attraverso eventuali aggiornamenti del sistema ma anche tra i diversi modelli. Per facilitare l'utilizzo delle routine seguendo questo sistema Amstrad rilasciò una completa documentazione delle funzionalità del Firmware del computer denominata "Firmware Guide", nota anche come "Soft 968" dal suo numero nel catalogo Amstrad.

AMSDOS
L'unità a dischi di Amstrad era dotata di un'interfaccia hardware contenente anche il software necessario alla gestione dell'acceso ai floppy. Queste routine erano caricate come estensioni RSX del linguaggio ed occupavano poco meno di 8 kB di memoria ed offrivano 14 nuovi comandi per gestire i floppy. Questi erano da 3" di diametro ed erano formattati con 40 tracce da 9 settori l'una per lato, per un totale di 178 kB. Il file system non usava directory.

Componenti hardware
Qui di seguito sono elencate le principali caratteristiche hardware del computer:

 CPU: Zilog Z80A a 4 Megahertz
 RAM: 64 kB (di cui circa 42 kB liberi per l'utente)
 ROM: 32 kB divisi in due banchi da 16 kB l'uno contenenti rispettivamente il Firmware ed il Locomotive BASIC
 Chip video: Hitachi HD6845 CRT
 Tavolozza di 27 colori
 Risoluzioni:
 Testo: 20×25 / 40×25 / 80×25 caratteri, rispettivamente con 16/4/2 colori
 Grafica: 160×200 / 320×200 / 640×200 pixel, rispettivamente con 16/4/2 colori
 Chip audio: General Instrument AY-3-8912
 3 voci
 8 ottave
 1 canale di rumore bianco
 1 altoparlante mono integrato (presente solo nei primi modelli)
 Chip personalizzato: ULA
 generazione dell'immagine
 generazione dei segnali di temporizzazione
 alternanza tra ROM e RAM
 generazione degli interrupt
 generazione della tavolozza dei colori
 Gestione delle linee di I/O: Intel 8255 PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface)
 Periferiche integrate: lettore di cassette
 Porte esterne:
 1 porta parallela
 1 porta di espansione
 1 porta joystick
 1 porta floppy
 1 porta DIN per il monitor Amstrad
 1 ingresso/uscita audio

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Amstrad CPC

Altri progetti

Home computer


I was reminded recently that some photographs are taken, and some are 'made'. A carefully constructed photograph that manages to convey real life and real emotion has always been my goal, so I think I sit somewhere in the middle of the two notions, but lately I've felt like the work I'm doing feels like I'm 'taking' photo more than making them. It's all good, I love it both ways, but I want to head in a direction where my photographs go beyond a moment in time, and become pieces of art that anyone would appreciate as a reflection of childhood. I'd love branch out and sell limited edition, fine art pieces that will be evocative of a carefree youth and exhibit them as a series.
The photos I'm hoping to take will explore childhood and I'm picturing a little girl dancing past me with her hair flying, siblings knee deep in a creek looking for tadpoles, or a little new reader curled up on a bed enjoying the new world that reading opens up. We all know those moments and I think we all have a few in our own memory banks. I can remember the sheer joy of lying back in the seat of my swing, hair flying, feeling like I was going to swing right around the top bar. My goal with each piece is to create an image that doesn't identify the child, but gives the viewer that sense of joy and wonder that they're experiencing.
This means that I need some families to put up their hands as subjects! I'm looking for children that have pastimes and pursuits that they're passionate about. Whether it's soccer, or ballet, or even just riding their bikes. What makes your child light up? In our house we have a film maker, an artist/actor, a netballer, a Pokemon fiend and a nature lover!
Fill in the form below to register your interest in being a part of this project and I'll contact you to go over what we might create together. Or give me a call on 0403224509. I'm always up for a chat on the phone!
All families that participate and book by Friday March 10, 2017 will receive a signed first edition 11x14 inch Art Print of the final piece.
Commissions are undertaken on the strict proviso that copyright is retained by the artist. In signing this agreement it is understood that the right to copy, scan, digitally capture or distribute photographs, or any other reproductions thereof, is not permissible without the appropriate permissions and licensing from the artist, her heirs, licensees or assigns.
A model release is required for Simone Hanckel Photography to use any of the images of your children for promotional, awards and commercial use. We are very careful with the use of images of children, and you're welcome to discuss this with us, but we do appreciate being able to use the images we work hard to create for you to promote the business and submit to awards. If you have any questions please don't hesitate to call the studio on 0403224509. "I hereby give the photographer, her heirs, legal representatives and assigns, my unconditional and irrevocable permission to retain copyright and publish in any and all media for illustration, promotion, art, editorial, advertising, trade, or any other purpose, a photograph or photographs of me and/or my child/children". "I release Simone Hanckel Photography from all legal claims that may come about as a result of the use of my photo. I hereby state that I fully understand and comply with the way my photograph will be utilized." "I am at least 18 years of age and am legally, mentally and otherwise fully competent to enter into this contract in my own name. I have read this model release form and fully understand and agree to its contents. I have not been induced or coerced in any way into signing this agreement other than with the promises and representations made within."
Thank you so much for being part of my Fine Art project. I will be in contact to arrange a date and time that suits your family and to discuss what we'll be photographing on the day!


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Avoiding Fraud – Importance of Legal Advice Illustrated by Two Cases
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Temporary changes States have made to signing, witnessing or attending to documents
Melbourne New Office
Our Melbourne Office New Office Address - Suite 3, Level 6, 160 Queen Street, Melbourne VIC 300
How to make payments to Prudentia Legal
We will be with you always
Employees or Contractors – A Discussion on New Developments for App Transport and Delivery Platforms
The gig economy has become everyday occurrence in the past decade. It has also developed in a way exceeding what may be originally envisioned. From the consumer's perspective, the ease of on-call services for transport and food delivery alike has led to an explosion in demand, with many newcomers t
Summary of changes to the new VIC Residential Tenancy laws
The start date of the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 2018 (the "ACT") which outlines the framework of Residential Tenancy laws has been delayed due to coronavirus (COVID-19), with the amendments to be introduced by 29 March 2021, rather than the original 1 July 2020. The Residential Tenancies
Acting as Witness in Legal Proceedings
While direct involvement in criminal matters or civil litigation might not be that common for a person of the general public, it might well be possible that you have witnessed a crime or an event, and may be required to give evidence in court as a witness. What does being a witness entail? Speaking
Child Maintenance Trust
Division 6AA section 102 AG of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) provides that a Child Maintenance or Child Support Trust ("CMT") can be established following a relationship breakdown. Simply speaking, A CMT is a discretionary trust specifically set up to provide support for a child (or chi
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By: LATF Staff | Jan. 16, 2019, 9:43 a.m.
Following in the iconic footsteps of 1500 Ocean, which enjoyed a successful thirteen-year run at the Hotel del Coronado helmed by Michelin-starred chefs including the Hotel's current Executive Sous Chef Patrick Ponsaty, The Del today announced it will open a new restaurant concept in the same seaside location at the hotel.
The new restaurant, called Serẽa, will offer an upscale, sustainable, sea-to-table experience with coastal cuisine that spotlights the best of the region's ocean, as well as farms and fields from California to the Baja Peninsula.
erẽa, created by Clique Hospitality—the boutique hospitality company known for redefining today's dining and nightlife landscapes—will offer a robust, environmentally friendly menu that includes raw and cooked options—from fresh whole catch, to seafood towers and composed dishes. The restaurant's seafood will be sourced from a variety of local and regional purveyors including Tuna Harbor Dockside Market; Catalina Offshore Products; Los Angeles based Superior Seafoods, and Baja California's Pacifico Aquaculture, which has created an innovative, sustainability-first farming program for premium, ocean-raised seabass. Special attention will also be paid to Serẽa's meats, all of which will come from regional ranchers known for the most tender and flavorful product. The menu at Serẽa will showcase the comprehensive, complex and expressive flavor profiles of the best fresh fish, intricate seafood and heritage meats the region has to offer, prepared by San Diego native and Clique Hospitality Executive Chef and Partner, JoJo Ruiz.
"In San Diego we have such incredible access to some of the best seafood, produce and meats in the country, and I look forward to being able to present the highest quality products of the region in fresh, elevated and inspired ways with the menu at Serẽa," said Ruiz. "We're going to let the beauty of the ingredients do the talking and there really is no better setting in San Diego for us to do that."
Serẽa will be located just steps from the Pacific Ocean on one of the "Best U.S. Beaches," providing unmatched, coastal views—complete with fresh, sea salt-scented air. Serẽa's indoor / outdoor bar will serve as the restaurant's see-and-be-seen focal point and will spotlight specialty cocktails, local brews and a well-curated, eclectic wine list—making it the perfect place to celebrate the seaside beauty of San Diego; to toast to a special occasion or wind down to the soothing sounds of the ocean alongside family or friends.
"We couldn't be more delighted to embark on the next chapter of The Del, including our partnership with Clique Hospitality and Serẽa," said Harold Rapoza, Jr., general manager at Hotel del Coronado. "Clique's desire to create unforgettable experiences aligns so well with what we have created at this iconic property. We look forward to continuing to offer new and compelling culinary experiences that are relevant to today's sophisticated diners and evolving our dining experiences over the next few years."


text:
Kabul Museum Presents First Exhibition
From Artdaily.com, Dec 14, 2004, http://www.artdaily.com/section/news/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=11962
Kabul, Afghanistan -- Afghanistan is displayed in a Kabul museum during its first exhibition since the fall of the Taliban, 13 December 2004. The statues, which had been hacked up by Islamists during the Taliban regime, were restored by an Austrian restorer.
These treasures and many others were tragically lost when the Kabul Museum was bombed in 1993. At first, only the upper galleries suffered losses and looting.
The remaining artifacts, were transferred to lower leveled, steel doored vaults. In 1994, the United Nations attempted to stop the looting by repairing the doors, and bricking up the windows. Disappointingly, these attempts failed, and looters continued to plunder 90% of the museum's collections.
Both private collectors and antique dealers from as far away as Tokyo, have purchased stolen museum pieces. Looted artifacts have shown up all over the world, and they bring in large sums of money to the criminals.
In early March 2001, the Taliban decided to destroy all pre-Islamic statues and objects in Afghanistan, after an edict was announced by their leader Mullah Omar in late February. The Taliban destroyed numerous statues in the museum which survived the previous looting and destruction as a result of war.
The Taliban also destroyed the two giant Buddhas from the 5th century in Bamiyan, and other ancient historical statues in Ghazni. One of the Buddhas in Bamiyan was the world's tallest standing Buddha.


text:
Crate & Barrel announces leadership change
8th August 2014	News Comments Off on Crate & Barrel announces leadership change 994 Views
US housewares chain retailer Crate &Barrel has announced a change in its top leadership.
Following the recent resignation of chief execurtive officer (CEO) Sascha Bopp, the company's chief operations officer (COO) and chief financial officer (CFO) Adrian Mitchell has assumed interim leadership of the Chicago-based company.
Sascha Bopp stepped down after two years in the post and five years with the group. He was promoted to CEO in April 2012 following the retirement of CEO and president Barbara Turf. Prior to joining Crate and Barrel in 2009, Sacha was managing director and chief financial officer at German multi-channel retailer Primondo GmbH.
A search is underway to fill the role vacated by Sacha. Crate & Barrel said the position will concentrate on supporting the company's evolving business strategy and include a deepened focus on the customer experience and growth in the digital space.
Adrian Mitchell joined Crate & Barrel as CFO in 2010 and was promoted to COO in February 2014. During his tenure, Adrian's responsibilities have expanded to include global supply chain operations, real estate, international retail and e-commerce operations. He joined from Target Corporation, where he served as director of strategy and interactive design, overseeing the brand's e-commerce customer experience and store integration. He also held the post of director of innovation and productivity, leading efforts to improve store experience. Adrian began his career at McKinsey & Company where he spent eight years as a retail consultant, working with companies around the globe.
Hans-Otto Schrader, CEO of Otto Group, the Crate & Barrel parent company, and chairman of the Crate & Barrel board of directors, commented: "For more than 50 years, Crate & Barrel has been a trusted home furnishings brand for customers around the globe. We remain focused on Crate & Barrel's core strengths of great design, value and customer service, and are confident in the executive team's ability to lead us into the future."
Adrian Mitchell added: "With a long history of careful management and growth, Crate & Barrel is well positioned for international and domestic expansion. Our executive team also looks forward to exploring new opportunities for innovation and improving our customer experience, especially in the digital space."
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text:
Lotus Owners Club
Lotus Cars
Evora GT430 & GT430 SPORT
Evora GT410 SPORT
Evora 400
Exige 430 CUP
Exige Sport 410
3-Eleven 430
About Lotus Group
About Adamas Motors
ADAMAS MOTORS
Adamas Motors established in 2017 with its head quarter based in Dubai, UAE, the group was formed by Mr Karl Hamer, CEO Adamas Motors, with the intention to deliver unrivaled customer experience for selected prestige and performance brands to the HNWI customers based in Far East and Middle East. The CEO and the company's senior executives have a strong understanding of the automotive industry. Their experience historically has ensured that the brands they represent, have proven to be amongst the most successful globally.
To develop an automotive prestige motor group that returns class leading profitability. To develop a quality automotive prestige motor group that offers through the manufacture brands it holds an industry leading work ethic, backed by outstanding employees.
To create a luxury motor group that generates optimum returns for all stakeholders." (customers, employees, manufacturers & stakeholders)
THE KEY EXECUTIVES
Adamas senior management has demonstrated a strong performance and proven track record within the automotive industry for many years, both in public and privately-owned businesses.
Karl Hamer
Karl Hamer is a seasoned automotive professional with over 35 years of experience in the automotive industry in the UK and the GCC markets. He began working in the Middle East in early 2008, as Managing Director of a multi franchise motor group holding, ultra-luxury, prestige, performance and volume brands. Mr Hamer is well-known for his daily drive within the business by both customers and manufacturers alike.
Das, Finance & Accounting expert, Chartered Accountant by profession, over 25 years of successful quantitative & qualitative achievements in the field of strategic, financial management and corporate planning as a chief financial officer, including 17 years of automotive experience with Nissan motor co, ltd
Kevin Rose
Kevin Rose is an international automotive executive with almost 40 years experience in the industry. Starting with the Volkswagen group in the UK working across sales, after sales, marketing, financial services, distribution retail development he was then managing director for the seat brand in the UK, establishing the brand after its acquisition by the Volkswagen group. Mr Rose was also the key executive at Bentley Motors and took Volkswagen brand in China market.
Max Sutera-Sardo
Max, an automotive expert with more than 10 years of experience mainly in prestige and performance vehicles segment. He has successfully ensured profitability for the dealerships by overseeing the various departments which include variable operations such as sales, marketing, inventory, fixed operations (service & parts), and the accounting & administration.
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Air travelers begin feeling the effects of sequestration
By Hugo Martín and Adolfo Flores, Los Angeles Times
Sequestration is starting to frustrate air travelers.
About 400 flights were delayed Sunday because of air traffic controller furloughs, the Federal Aviation Administration said, and a few more interruptions were reported Monday at Los Angeles International Airport and several East Coast airports.
But because of light traffic and good weather, the nation's air travel system operated without serious problems. The FAA warned Monday that more delays are on the horizon when air traffic is heavier and severe weather puts pressure on understaffed air traffic control facilities.
"Controllers will space planes farther apart so they can manage traffic with current staff, which will lead to delays at airports," the federal agency said in a statement.
Although the FAA has been warning for days that budget cuts could lead to serious headaches for travelers, the sequestration delays were a small fraction of all holdups, which have averaged about 5,800 flights daily in the last 30 days. Several airports also reported flight delays Monday caused by snow, strong winds and runway maintenance.
Furloughs of air traffic controllers have prompted an outcry from Washington lawmakers and litigation by pilots and airlines who say they could have been avoided. Airline workers have even started to urge frustrated passengers to pressure the FAA to reconsider the budget cuts.
A Green Valley couple who were delayed in Sacramento on Sunday night on a flight to LAX said their pilot blamed the holdup on sequestration cuts. Because of the delay, the couple, Mike and Kris Vassar, missed a flight Sunday to Fiji, where they plan to help build homes with the nonprofit group Habitat for Humanity.
Flight attendants and the pilots of the delayed flight urged the couple to sign an online petition to halt the furloughs. The website, DontGroundAmerica.com, was created by a trade group for the nation's airlines.
"He flat out said, 'You need to do this,'" Mike Vassar, 70, said of his American Airlines pilot. "They were politicking right in there."
David Brooks, 64, of Los Angeles said he missed a funeral in Boston on Monday because of sequestration delays. The pilot for his flight to Phoenix was running late because of a prior delayed flight, which an airline employee said was the result of sequestration cuts.
"We had to cancel our whole trip because the funeral is tonight, and we're not going to make it in time," Brooks said Monday outside the US Airways terminal at LAX.
To help cut more than $600 million called for by budget sequestration, the FAA ordered air traffic controllers starting Sunday to take one furlough day in every two-week pay period. That would cut the total of the nation's nearly 15,000 air traffic controllers about 10% on any given day.
By Sunday evening a few airports across the country, including LAX and New York's LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport, reported delays of more than an hour because of air traffic control staff shortages. By Monday, LAX officials said, the airport was operating without major setbacks.
Flights were delayed Monday an average of about 80 minutes at John F. Kennedy and LaGuardia airports, but the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey attributed those delays to construction work, high wind and other factors.
"There are many reasons for delays," said Ron Marsico, a Port Authority spokesman. He declined to comment on the specific effect of furloughs.
The FAA and two airline-monitoring websites showed that the nation's overall air traffic system operated close to normal for a Monday, a heavy air travel day. The exceptions were long delays attributed to air traffic control staff shortages at several airports in Florida and North Carolina.
Airlines for America, the trade group for the nation's largest airlines, joined a pilots association and operators of regional carriers in a lawsuit filed Friday that asks the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to prevent job furloughs. But the court is not expected to consider the suit for a few weeks.
The airlines and pilots groups say the furloughs will delay as many as 6,700 flights a day.
In Washington, the FAA budget cuts prompted an outcry from critics of the Obama administration.
"We know that the FAA has the flexibility to reduce costs elsewhere, such as contracts, travel, supplies and consultants, or to apply furloughs in a manner that better protects the most critical air traffic control facilities," said Rep. Bill Shuster (R-Pa.), chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. "Yet rather than take this approach, the administration has made choices that appear designed to have the greatest possible impact on the traveling public."
White House spokesman Jay Carney blamed Republicans for the cuts, calling the FAA furloughs "an unfortunate result" of botched budget negotiations in Congress. He said 70% of FAA's expenses are for personnel, and that the agency could not accomplish the necessary cost reductions elsewhere.
hugo.martin@latimes.com
adolfo.flores@latimes.com
Times staff writer Wes Venteicher contributed to this report.
Transfers of canisters filled with nuclear waste resume at San Onofre
After a 'near-miss' last year, Southern California Edison said it is confident transfer operations will go smoothly.
Stocks fall, snapping a five-day win streak
Stocks on Wall Street ended broadly lower Tuesday, breaking a five-day winning streak for the S&P 500 index. Tech companies took some of the biggest losses.


Vogue's Best Dressed list was full of white ensembles this week. I love every one of them. White is so perfectly flattering on just about every skin tone and creates a sort of minimalist backdrop to show off those well-maintained locks.
To be honest, I don't really believe in the old "no white after labor day" rule. I think that some of fall and winter's best looks have been all white ensembles. However, to appease the crowd of traditionalists, here's a great guide to wearing white before Labor Day arrives and before the color is no longer (traditionally) fashionably acceptable for fall.
For a little celebrity inspiration, visit this week's Best Dressed list by Vogue.


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Vida Kristopher (Budapest, 1995. június 23. –) magyar labdarúgó, a Kisvárda FC játékosa. Korábban a magyar utánpótlás-válogatottakban is szerepelt.

Pályafutása

Klubcsapatokban

Twente
Vida Kristopher neve 2000-ben került fel a futballtérképre, ekkor mindössze 4 esztendősen a Goldball FC utánpótlásában kezdte el bontogatni a szárnyait. Egy ötéves periódus szakadt meg 2005-ben, amikor is a fővárosi Vasas SC leigazolta Kristophert. Az angyalföldi éra négy évig tartott, egy rövid székesfehérvári kitérővel, onnantól pedig felgyorsultak az események, ugyanis a Budapest Honvéd FC játékosaként 2009 és 2011 között felkeltette a holland FC Twente figyelmét. A próbajátékból pedig külföldi szerződés lett, így jöhetett a légiós élet. A holland klub második csapatában 2013 nyarán debütált a profik között a holland másodosztályban. A szezon végeztével újabb klubváltás jött, a szintén másodosztályú VBV De Graafschap ajánlata révbe ért. A 2014/15-ös szezonban a csapat alapembereként nagy érdeme volt abban, hogy feljutottak a holland élvonalba (Eredivisie). A csapat rövid látogatást tett a legjobbak között, a 2015/16-os szezon végén kiesett, Vida Kristopher pedig távozott. A holland élvonalban egy gólt szerzett, az AFC Ajax hálóját vette be.

Dunaszerdahelyi AC
A 2016-os nyári átigazolási időszakban a szlovák élvonalban szereplő DAC 1904 jelentett be szerződtetését. A dunaszerdahelyi periódus döcögősen indult, ám László Csaba érkezését követően a játékos szerepe és fontossága változott. Első szlovák szezonjában a Fortuna Ligában 29 mérkőzésen 5 gólt szerzett, s győztes gólokkal és gólpasszokkal járult hozzá a csapat 17 mérkőzésig tartó veretlenségi sorozatához. A 2018-2019-es bajnokság második fordulójában gólt lőtt és gólpasszt adott a Michalovce ellen 4–1-re megnyert bajnokin. Augusztus 6-án meghosszabbította szerződését 2021 nyaráig. Szeptember 1-jén, a Szered ellen 5–0-ra megnyert bajnokin két gólt szerzett. Szeptember 29-én a bajnokság 10. fordulójában győztes gólt szerzett a Szenc ellen 2–1-re megnyert mérkőzésen. November 3-án, a Nyitra elleni 1–0-s győzelem alkalmával ő szerezte csapata gólját. A DAC végül második helyen zárta a 2018-2019-es bajnokságot, Vida tizenegy gólt szerzett a bajnokságban, ezzel csapata legeredményesebb játékosa lett. A szlovák Sport napilap beválasztotta a szezon álomcsapatába is. A 2019-2020-as szezon első felében 18 bajnokin lépett pályára, hét gólt szerzett és három gólpasszt adott, és bekerült az őszi szezon álomcsapatába. A 2019-2020-as szezon első felében 25 tétmérkőzésen nyolcszor volt eredményes, emellett négy gólpasszt is adott csapattársainak. A DAC-ban minden tétmérkőzést figyelembe véve 124 tétmérkőzésen lépett pályára, ezeken 32 gólt szerzett. 2020. február 26-án 2023 nyaráig szóló szerződést írt alá a lengyel Piast Gliwice csapatával.

Piast Gliwice
A lengyel élvonalban március 6-án, az Arka Gdynia ellen 1–0-ra megnyert bajnokin mutatkozott be. Első gólját március 11-én, a Lengyel Kupa negyeddöntőjében szerezte a Lechia Gdańsk ellen, de csapata 2–1-re kikapott és nem jutott tovább a legjobb négy közé. A címvédő Piast harmadik helyen zárta a 2019-2020-as bajnokságot, Vida 12 bajnoki mérkőzésen kapott játéklehetőséget, gólt nem szerzett.

Első bajnoki gólját a lengyel élvonalban 33. fellépésén, a 2021–2022-es idény 2. fordulójában szerezte, a Piast Stal Mielec elleni 2–0-s győzelmének alkalmával. Két héttel kősőbb, a Wisla Plock ellen 4–3-ra megnyert mérkőzésen gólt lőtt és gólpasszt adott. Augusztus 22-n, a bajnokság 5. fordulójában megszerezte idénybeli harmadik gólját is, a Piast pedig 1–1-es döntetlent ért el a Slask Worclaw ellen.

Kisvárda FC
2022 augusztusában a magyar élvonalba igazolt.

A válogatottban
2019-ben meghívott kapott Marco Rossi szövetségi kapitánytól a június 8-i és június 11-i Azerbajdzsán és Wales elleni mérkőzésekre készülő felnőtt válogatott bő keretébe.

Statisztika

Klubcsapatokban

Válogatottban

Jegyzetek

Források
 Vida Kristopher tranfermarkt.de profil
 Vida Kristopher profilja a DAC hivatalos honlapján
 Vida Kristopher (kapcsolódó cikkek) – FociClub.hu
 A DAC-tól igazolt magyar játékost a lengyel bajnokcsapat Index.hu, 2020. február 26.

További információk
 Hivatalos Facebook-oldal
 Hivatalos Twitter-oldal
 Hivatalos Instagram-oldal
 Hivatalos YouTube-csatorna
 Adatbank a foci-info.hu oldalon

Magyar labdarúgók
Labdarúgócsatárok
A Twente Enschede labdarúgói
A De Graafschap labdarúgói
A DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda labdarúgói
Budapesten született személyek
1995-ben született személyek
Élő személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Finding Inspiration from the Butterfly Child: Do You Take Your Body For Granted?
When I first started this blog I intended to make body love letters the majority of the published articles. I envisioned that I'd have a lot of people jumping at the change to jot down words of kindness to their body. It turns out that people have a difficult time finding anything nice to say about themselves because they feel they don't have the ideal body. In encouraging body love letters, I wanted to stress that there is no shortage of splendor when it comes to our bodies. The simplicity of life giving breath, the intricately orchestrated mechanisms of digestion, the reflexes that make you remove your hand from a hot surface before your brain even has time to process what happened, and your skin.
Your skin! The largest organ you have and perhaps the one you take the most for granted. The one you only think about when you want to complain about acne, scar, stretch marks or sagging. I invite you to watch this video below and witness what it would be like if your skin did not function the way it should. Witness the courage and determination of a young boy who lives with a skin condition that leaves him in permanent pain. I hope this encourages you to dwell in the things you take for granted about your body. To take time and thank your body for the way it is so beautifully and purposefully designed.
The Dear Body Project Finding Inspiration from the Butterfly Child: Do You Take Your Body For Granted?


'The Newsroom' returns for it's final season in November, and HBO's newly released teaser trailer couldn't give us less information about it if it tried. The entire 41 second trailer is of a copier spitting out pages of a script referencing espionage and jail and Will McAvoy threatening to quit again. The trailer could've just been 41 seconds of Jeff Daniels staring into the camera and I'd be fine with it, because the show has already proven to me that it's worth watching, so I'm not mad about it. Also, whenever Sloan Sabbith is in my life, all is well with the world.
Posted on August 25, 2014, in Average Blog Posts and tagged aaron sorkin, hbo, teaser trailer, the newsroom, TV. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment.


text:
The Journey of Our Lives...Back 2 Black!!!
SHURVON SHAYNLICIA FASHION AND FINE ARTS DESIGNS, from 'Color Crayons to Gesso Canvas presents...
SEE NEW UPDATES POSTED ON 12/19/2017
The Journey of Our Lives...Back 2 BLACK~ We Are Here to Stay!!!
New artwork for the 4th annual Fine Arts Theory Designer Series. I will also complete some new art projects and update the progress from the 2016 Designer Art Signature Series and The Art of Fashion Designer Series.
"The Wonderful World of Fine Arts, In the beginning was the Word and the Word was...Thou ART!"
A visual interpretation of ancient biblical and international spiritual quotations about life, love and humanity. Each drawing will be outlined in a colorful geometrical frame painted with Acrylic, Gouache, Oil, Pastels and Watercolor paint on a large canvas scroll.
The 3rd annual Designer Art Signature Series 'Back 2 Black!'
This twelve piece original designer collage assemblage series will be painted on a 12 x 12 canvas board, one for each month. Two images from the 'Back 2 Black' Series will be posted in February for the National Observation of Black History Month!
AMERICAN THEORY!
Original Shurvon Shaynlicia
Fashion and Fine Arts Designs
The Journey of Our Lives...Back 2 BLACK ~ WE ARE HERE TO STAY!!!
Ten Most Important Blessings of Being Black!
1. We Love Our Humanity
2. We Are Important
3. We Believe in Ourselves
4. We have made Important Contributions to the World Everyday
5. God has given us a Future and a Hope
6. Our Lives are Worth Saving
7. We are Creative
8. We Have Healthy Minds
9. We are Thankful
10. We are Valuable!
ZOOM IN AND FOCUS ON YOUR GOALS, CREATIVE TALENTS AND YOUR BLESSINGS FROM THE LORD GOD ALMIGHTY!!!
Black Lives are Here 2 Stay!
Be Encouraged and Live!
Gold Mind
Black African-American Visual Artist, Musicians, Poets and Entertainers
Presidential Proclamation National African American History Month!
NATIONAL AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY MONTH
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
America's greatness is a testament to generations of courageous individuals who, in the face of uncomfortable truths, accepted that the work of perfecting our Nation is unending and strived to expand the reach of freedom to all. For too long, our most basic liberties had been denied to African Americans, and today, we pay tribute to countless good-hearted citizens -- along the Underground Railroad, aboard a bus in Alabama, and all across our country -- who stood up and sat in to help right the wrongs of our past and extend the promise of America to all our people. During National African American History Month, we recognize these champions of justice and the sacrifices they made to bring us to this point, we honor the contributions of African Americans since our country's beginning, and we recommit to reaching for a day when no person is judged by anything but the content of their character.
From the Revolutionary War through the abolitionist movement, to marches from Selma to Montgomery and across America today, African Americans have remained devoted to the proposition that all of us are created equal, even when their own rights were denied. As we rejoice in the victories won by men and women who believed in the idea of a just and fair America, we remember that, throughout history, our success has been driven by bold individuals who were willing to speak out and change the status quo.
Refusing to accept our Nation's original sin, African Americans bound by the chains of slavery broke free and headed North, and many others who knew slavery was antithetical to our country's conception of human rights and dignity fought to bring their moral imagination to life. When Jim Crow mocked the advances made by the 13th Amendment, a new generation of men and women galvanized and organized with the same force of faith as their enslaved ancestors. Our Nation's young people still echo the call for equality, bringing attention to disparities that continue to plague our society in ways that mirror the non-violent tactics of the civil rights movement while adapting to modern times. Let us also not forget those who made the ultimate sacrifice so that we could make our voices heard by exercising our right to vote. Even in the face of legal challenges, every eligible voter should not take for granted what is our right to shape our democracy.
We have made great progress on the journey toward ensuring our ideals ring true for all people. Today, African American high school graduation and college enrollment rates are at an all-time high. The African-American unemployment rate has been halved since its Great Recession peak. More than 2 million African Americans gained health insurance thanks to the Affordable Care Act. The incarceration rates for African-American men and women fell during each year of this Administration and are at their lowest points in over two decades. Yet challenges persist and obstacles still stand in the way of becoming the country envisioned at our founding, and we would do a disservice to all who came before us if we remained blind to the way past injustices shape the present. The United States is home to 5 percent of the world's population, but 25 percent of the world's prisoners -- a disproportionate number of whom are African American -- so we must find ways to reform our criminal justice system and ensure that it is fairer and more effective. While we've seen unemployment rates decrease, many communities, particularly those of color, continue to experience significant gaps in educational and employment opportunities, causing too many young men and women to feel like no matter how hard they try, they may never achieve their dreams.
Our responsibility as citizens is to address the inequalities and injustices that linger, and we must secure our birthright freedoms for all people. As we mark the 40th year of National African American History Month, let us reflect on the sacrifices and contributions made by generations of African Americans, and let us resolve to continue our march toward a day when every person knows the unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim February as National African American History Month. I call upon public officials, educators, librarians, and all the people of the United States to observe this month with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
http://ilovebeingblack.com
FINEARTS BY Shurvon Shaynlicia Fashion and Fine Arts Designs at Wednesday, January 25, 2017
Labels: Original art images and article written by Shurvon Haynes.


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Home » » EXTENT OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EZZA NORTH LGA., EBONYI STATE
EXTENT OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EZZA NORTH LGA., EBONYI STATE
The study was conducted to determine the extent of drug abuse among secondary school students in Ezza North LGA, Ebonyi State. Six specific objectives with six corresponding research questions and three null-hypotheses were postulated to guide the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 674 secondary school students. Random sampling techniques of balloting without replacement, disproportionate sampling techniques and systematic sampling techniques were used to draw the sample for the study. A two-section researcher's designed questionnaire which was titled (EDASQ) was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by five experts from the Department of Health and Physical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Means were used to answer the research questions while t-Test statistic was used in testing null hypothesis one and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistic was used in test null hypotheses two and three at .05 level of significance and appropriate degree of freedom. The result of the study showed that: The secondary school students are abusing depressants drugs in a very low extent as their cluster mean is (1.66); the students are abusing stimulants drugs in a very low extent as their cluster mean score is (1.81); Students do not abuse hallucinogen drugs at all as their cluster mean score is (1.27). The independent variables (gender and age) considered, had no significant influence at .05 level of significance, on the extent of drug abuse among secondary school students while class of study had a significant difference at .05 level of significance on the extent of drug abuse among the students.
1. Conceptual Framework
Concepts of drug and drug abuse
Types of drug most commonly abused by students
Extent of drug abuse among secondary school students
Reasons for students' use and abuse of drugs
Sources of drugs among the students
Effects of drug abuse
Demographic factors associated with drug abuse
2. Theoretical Framework
Social Learning Theory
Social Influence Theory
Social Competence Theory
3. Empirical Studies on Drug Abuse and Cigarette Smoking
4. Summary of Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER THREE: Methods
Research Designs
Area of the Study
Population for the Study
Validity of the Instrument
Reliability of the Instrument
CHAPTER FOUR: Results and Discussion
Discussions of Findings
Differences in the extent of drug abuse among secondary school students
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Limitation of the Study
Suggestions for Further Study
The history of the human race cannot be complete without the extent of drug abuse as an aspect. There is nothing wrong when human beings use drugs, especially when they are properly administered. Drugs that are properly administered have served as medical function. For example, herbs, roots, bark, leaves and plants, all these have been used to relieve pains and help control diseases. People have used different kinds of drugs to change the way they feel or see the world. Different cultures have developed social rituals and rules around drug use as a way to control their impact on society. Drugs and how they are used also have different meanings in different cultures. For example in the Pacific Islands, according to Alexander, Watson and Fleming (1997) kava is drunk as a means of making contact with the supernatural, to welcome visitors to the community and to cure illnesses. They further observed that some Native American Indians use a mushroom that causes dream-like states as a way of getting in touch with the Great Spirit. People use alcohol and tobacco to celebrate special events like birthdays and weddings.
According to Nwegbu (2000) thousands of the drugs used today abound. Many of them, if properly used, are of immense value to man as far as disease treatment, correction of body abnormalities, and celebration of special events are concerned. However, if not properly used, drugs can have serious consequences. The most serious consequences are from the abuse of drugs. According to WHO (2005), drug abuse has been a part of human history for a long time. The body maintained that what is different today is increased availability of a wide variety of substances and the declining age at which experimentation with these substances take place. Leary (2010) concurring with WHO' adds that the concern now is the incidence, extent, prevalence, potency and diversity of designer drugs, the health effects of long term use/abuse and government legislation. In view of Leary's assertion, the extent of drug abuse among secondary school students was the major concern of the present study.
There are various definitions of what a drug is. For the purposes of this study, drug was considered to be any chemical substance, that changes a person's mental state and that may be used repeatedly by a person for that effect. Debora, Psy, Ellen, Robert, and Jeanne (2008) conceptualized drugs as chemicals that have a profound impact on the neurochemical balance in the brain which directly affects how people feel and act. Maithya (2009) asserted that drug is any product other than food or water that affects the way people feel, think, see, and behave. He further posited that drug is a substance that due to its chemical nature affects physical, mental and emotional functioning. Within the context of the present study, drug is any substance that when taken by a living organism is capable of producing in the person or animal, some extra-ordinary changes which could be negative or positive. It covers almost everything that can be ingested, inhaled, smoked, chewed, rubbed on the skin, injected or absorbed. It includes legal and illegal substances such as alcohol, caffeine, tobacco cigarette, petrol, kava, heroin, cocaine, crack, anabolic steroids, cannabis (marijuana), medicine, non-prescribed drugs, food additives and industrial chemicals. All these drugs can be used in the right way or be abused depending on the extent of involvement.
American Psychiatric Association (1994) asserted that when categorizing extent of drug involvement, medical personnel use three terms: drug use, drug abuse, and drug dependence. The body posited that this medical usage differs substantially from the way the terms use and abuse are used by the U.S. Government. For the government, any use at all of an illegal drug or misuse of a legal drug is drug abuse. According to APA (1994) the medical personnel generally define the terms as follows: Drug use: Any taking in of a psychoactive substance. APA further maintained that the term simple use is sometimes used to distinguish experimentation or occasional recreational use that does not reach the point of abuse or dependence. Heuer (1994) observed that the distinction between use and abuse is not meant to imply that simple use is benign or that there is any level of drug involvement that is not potentially dangerous. Abuse: Use becomes abuse when it continues despite persistent or recurrent social, occupational, psychological or physical problems caused by or made worse by this use. For example, use before driving a car or engaging in other activities that are dangerous when under the influence of a psychoactive substance also qualifies as abuse. APA (1994) further observed that the transition from use to abuse is often gradual, and there is no clear threshold for defining the point at which use becomes abuse. Frequency and quantity of use are important considerations, as is the extent to which drug use has become a regular feature of one's lifestyle. The body defined dependence as the habitual, compulsive use of a substance over a prolonged period of time. The substance may be taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended. Within the context of the present study, any use at all of an illegal drug or misuse of a legal drug is drug abuse.
The words, drug abuse means different things to different people, especially the experts. For instance, Nwegbu (2002) described drug abuse as when the drug is self- administered rather than being administered under medical supervision. On his part, Redmond (2008) asserted that, drug abuse is characterized by taking more than the recommended dose of prescription drugs such as barbiturates without medical supervision, or using government controlled substances such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, or other illegal drugs and legal drugs, such as alcohol and cigarette. Within the context of this study drug abuse involves the use of drugs for purposes other than medical reasons. Drug abuse also refers to misuse of any psychotropic substances resulting in changes in bodily functions, thus affecting the individual in a negative way socially, cognitively or physically. Social effects may be reflected in an individual's enhanced tendency to engage in conflicts with friends, teachers, and school authorities. Cognitive effects relate to the individual's lack of concentration on academic work and memory loss such as "blackouts"".
United Nation Drug Control Programme (1997) and Deborah, Psy, Ellen, Robert and Jeanne (2003) have described drug most commonly abused by secondary school students as psychoactive drug. According to them, the term 'psychoactive drug' is used to describe any chemical substance that affects mood, perception or consciousness as a result of changes in the functioning of the nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
UNDP (1997) and Deborah, Psy, Ellen, Robert and Jeanne (2003) further groups Psychoactive drugs into three categories: depressants: they slow down the central nervous system (e.g. tranquillizers, alcohol, heroin, barbiturates), stimulant: they excite the nervous system (e.g. nicotine, tobacco cigarette, caffeine, coffee, bitter kola, cola nut, cocaine, crack, amphetamines, Lipton), and hallucinogens: they distort how things are perceived (e.g. marijuana, ecstasy, LSD/Acid, magic mushrooms, ketamine, PCP-phencyclidine) and are either ingested inhaled, smoked, injected, chewed, rubbed on the skin or absorbed. The present study adopted all these drugs as grouped by UNDP (1997) and Deborah, et al., (2003) to determine the extent of abuse among secondary school students in Ezza North LGA.
Though the extent of drug abuse is unknown in Nigeria, there is considerable evidence that the problem of drug abuse may well be growing among secondary school students in both the rural and urban areas of Nigeria (Ogundele, 1986; Ogundele, 1987; & Olabisi, 2000).....


Well adapted to the Lower South.
Depth: Dig a hole large enough to accommodate the roots without bending them, plant with the crown at soil level. Firm well and water in thoroughly.
Foliage: Dark green, rough textured, compound leaves.
Form: Deciduous semi woody cane.
Flower Form: Small, single rose-like blossoms.
Soil Requirements: Tolerant of a wide range of soil types, but will be best in a well-drained, humus-enriched soil.
Growth Rate: Fast once established, which takes approximately 3 - 5 weeks.
Fruit: Very large berries with fine, mild flavor.


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Curricular Resources > 2007 Volume III > Unit 1 (07.03.01) > Section 8
The Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics of the Solar System
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CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 07.03.01
Unit Guide
6 Week Unit Overview
The Earth, Our Home
The Earth's Moon
The Study of the Moon from the Early Astronomers to Now.
Astronauts Education &Training
A day in the Life of an Astronaut
Implementing District Standards
Larissa Giordano
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After viewing our curriculum units, please take a few minutes to help us understand how the units, which were created by public school teachers, may be useful to others.
On a continuing basis, NASA selects qualified applicants to participate in a rigorous one year training program directed by the Johnson Space Center in Houston. Prerequisites for the space program include jet aircraft and engineering training as well as scientific education. NASA astronauts are required to have at least a bachelor's degree in engineering, science or mathematics. This means you would need to take a majority of classes in math or science, such as advanced physics and calculus classes. All applicants must be citizens of the United States. 18
After completing the course, candidates become members of the astronaut corps and are generally eligible for a flight assignment the following year. While in training, candidates study subjects like aerodynamics and spacecraft tracking techniques. They learn about flight control systems as well as on board equipment. The actual flight training takes place in a jet aircraft where the trainees practice maneuvers at high altitudes. They are even trained to experience near weightlessness as the training airplane practices dives and the candidates float in padded cabins for half a minute. After an astronaut is assigned to a mission he or she will then spend more hours training in a simulator that replicates the conditions of actual space flight. While practicing in the full sized space craft astronauts can get used to doing everything that they will routinely need to do in space, such as preparing food and entering and leaving the spacecraft. Pilot astronauts are trained to control and command the space craft while mission specialists train to conduct experiments launch and recapture satellites and maintain the spacecraft and its equipment.
Pilot astronauts can serve as either a pilot or commander during the shuttle flight. A commander's key responsibility is to keep the vehicle and crew safe. They play a key role in the success of the mission. The pilot astronaut controls and operates the shuttle. During the flight pilots and commanders assist in the spacecraft deployment and retrieval operations. In order to be selected as a candidate a pilot astronaut applicant must have a bachelors degree in engineering, biological science, physical science or mathematics. A graduate degree is preferred but is not always essential. Applicants must also have at least one thousand jet aircraft flying hours. Additionally applicants are required to pass a physical examination as well as have a distance visual acuity no greater than 20 /50 uncorrected, a sitting blood pressure no greater than 140 over 90 and a height between 64 and 76 inches tall. The mission specialists work one on one with the commander and pilot and are responsible for coordinating on board operations such as planning the crew activities and monitoring the fuel, water and food on board the shuttle. The mission specialists also perform on board space walks. Although the basic physical qualifications are the same as for the pilots their uncorrected visual acuity can be as high as 20/100 and their height range lies between 60 and 76 inches. Academically, however these applicants not only need the bachelor's degree in engineering, biological science, physical science or mathematics, they also require at least three years of related professional experience. 19
Once selected, initial training consists of courses in aircraft safety which includes instruction in ejection in the event that the aircraft becomes disabled or they have to make an emergency landing. Pilot astronauts and mission specialists need to continually maintain their skills in flying as well as academically through lectures and classes that include courses in meteorology, navigation, astronomy, physics and computer science.
Advanced training follows initial training which combines curricula with system training (what to do in orbit, how to live and work) and phase training (shuttle simulations.) 19
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Tag Archives: Covid-19 vaccine dangers
Observations from an experienced nurse about the COVID vaccines, by Steve Kirsch
Nurses have been frightened into silence and submission during the Covid and vaccine travesties, but they're on the front line of both. Once in awhile a nurse will unload some truth bombs, usually anonymously. From Steve Kirsch at stevekirsch.substack.com:
One of my nurse friends forwarded this note to me. It was originally written by a nurse, but the source is unknown, probably out of fear of retribution.
Among all the vaccines I have known in my life (diphtheria, tetanus, measles, rubella, chickenpox, hepatitis, meningitis, flu, and pneumonia, and tuberculosis) I have never seen a vaccine that forced me to wear a mask and maintain my social distance, even when you are fully vaccinated.
I had never heard of a vaccine that spreads the virus even after vaccination.
I had never heard of rewards, discounts, incentives to get vaccinated.
I never saw discrimination for those who didn't.
If you haven't been vaccinated no one has tried to make you feel like a bad person.
I have never seen a vaccine that threatens the relationship between family, colleagues and friends.
I have never seen a vaccine used to threaten livelihoods, work or school.
I have never seen a vaccine that would allow a 12-year-old to override parental consent.
After all the vaccines I listed above, I have never seen a vaccine like this one, which discriminates, divides and judges society as it is.
And as the social fabric tightens… It's a powerful vaccine! It does all these things except IMMUNIZATION.
If we still need a booster dose after we are fully vaccinated, and we still need to get a negative test after we are fully vaccinated, and we still need to wear a mask after we are fully vaccinated, and still be hospitalized after we have been fully vaccinated, it will likely come to "It's time for us to admit that we've been completely deceived."
Posted in Politics, Medicine, Civil Liberties, Science, Collapse, Governments, Propaganda
Tagged nurses, Covid-19 vaccine dangers, Covid-19 vaccine ineffectiveness
Incriminating evidence, by Steve Kirsch
Side A promotes its side of the story and tries to ruthlessly suppress any contrary assertions. Side B promotes its story and offers to debate anyone from Side A or otherwise who wants to debate. Oh, and Side B promises to pay $1 million to anyone from Side A who will debate. Nobody from Side A wants to debate. Which side of the argument would you suspect of having less merit? From Steve Kirsch at stevekirsch.substack.com:
Here is a collection of evidence that highlights the glaring errors in our pandemic response.
It is very important to educate doctors because most people rely on their doctors for advice. You can help by bringing this document to your doctor's attention. Ask her if she will help to correct this "misinformation" by meeting with us in a recorded video. We will be happy to compensate her generously for her time. So far, nobody wants to talk to us on the record.
Since nobody inside the CDC, NIH, or FDA will talk to me or any members of my team of experts, I have tried to discuss the evidence summarized in this document with the members of the outside committee members of the CDC and FDA. I offered them $1M to take a meeting (or I will donate it to a charity of their choice if they want). They all refused. I have no idea why. They won't tell me. I didn't even get a counter offer. It's so hard to give away a million dollars nowadays.
I'm extending my $1M offer to members of the VRBPAC and ACIP committees until the end of January 2022
In the hope of resolving these issues, I'm extending my offer until the end of January 2022. $1M to have a recorded discussion with the committee members on each item in this article. Why not clear the air so that the American people can decide for themselves who is telling the truth?
Those who refuse to consider this evidence put the entire future of medicine and health care in jeopardy, including their own careers.
Why would a committee member refuse $1M just to have a discussion on the science? As far as I know, you'd only refuse if you had something big that you wanted to hide, e.g., that you are incompetent to make decisions about the safety of these vaccines.
Posted in Medicine, Politics, Science
Tagged Covid-19 vaccine dangers, Covid-19 vaccine ineffectiveness
What You Need to Know About the COVID Shot, and More, by Joseph Mercola
If you're trying to inform your consent or lack thereof concerning vaccines, this article is a good place to start. From Joseph Mercola at theburningplatform.com:
Dr. Peter McCullough – COVID, A Legal Perspective Symposium – Genetic Transfer Technology 12-3-2021
The COVID shots are based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is the most pathogenic part of the virus, responsible for the worst symptoms of COVID-19, such as the abnormal blood clotting seen in severely ill patients
Pfizer's and Moderna's mRNA shots, and Janssen's vector DNA shot, all inject genetic material into your body that program your cells to start producing this spike protein. They're gene transfer technologies that instruct your body to produce a dangerous protein inside its own tissues
A Pfizer biodistribution study showed both the mRNA and spike protein is widely distributed in the body. In particular, it accumulates in the ovaries. Despite that, reproductive toxicology studies were eliminated in the interest of speed
The average number of adverse event reports following vaccination for the past 10 years has been about 39,000 annually for all vaccines combined, with an average of 155 deaths. The COVID jabs alone now account for 701,126 adverse events in U.S. territories as of December 17, 2021, including 9,476 deaths
Cases of myocarditis explode after the second shot, and disproportionally affect boys; 90% of post-jab myocarditis reports are males, and 85% of reports occurred after the second dose. Cases are also inversely correlated to age, with younger boys being at greater risk. The estimated incidence for post-jab cardiac adverse events is 162 per million for boys aged 12 through 15, and 94 per million for boys aged 16 to 17
Posted in Government, Medicine, Science
Tagged Covid-19 vaccine dangers
New studies show that the COVID vaccines damage your immune system, likely permanently, by Steve Kirsch
Another piece of the Doom Loop puzzle confirmed. From Steve Kirsch at stevekirsch.substack.com:
The vaccines are making it more likely you'll be infected with Omicron 90 days after you are fully vaccinated. To keep vaccine effectiveness high against omicron, vaccination every 30 days is needed.
Worried about Omicron? Guess what? After 90 days, the vaccine they gave you is going to make you MORE likely to get infected from Omicron, not less. The longer you stay on the vaccine treadmill, the harder to get off in the future and the easier you'll make it for the virus.
In short, we've been lied to about the vaccine. It is protecting you less and less over time. While you may get a benefit for earlier variants, the benefit for other variants (and likely other diseases) is going to be negative. In short, you are getting a short term benefit against Delta, but at the expense of a degradation of your overall immunity to everything else.
These vaccines may help you win the war against a variant that may soon be rare, but the price you pay is that you make your immunity to everything else worse. It's a dumb tradeoff (especially since early treatments work so well). But the people making the laws won't believe any of the science referenced in this article, so it will continue.
Tagged Covid-19 vaccine dangers, Immune system
What the VAERS Data Tell Us About COVID Jab Safety, by Joseph Mercola
Imperfect as it is, VAERS data indicates the vaccines are not safe. From Joseph Mercola at theburningplatform.com:
The U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is among the best adverse event data collection systems in the world, but it's antiquated and difficult to use. Still, it's a good way to detect safety signals that weren't detected during premarket testing or clinical trials
There are unmistakable, unprecedented safety signals in VAERS for the COVID shots. While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention claim no deaths can be attributed to the COVID jabs, it's impossible to discount 8,986 deaths in the U.S. territories alone, reported as of November 26, 2021
The estimated underreporting factor for COVID jab injuries in VAERS is between 31 and 100, so the actual death toll in the U.S. could be anywhere from 278,500 to 898,600
There's a strong safety signal for female reproductive issues and for heart inflammation (myocarditis) in young men and boys. VAERS data show an inverse relationship between myocarditis and age, with youths being more frequently affected than older men
VAERS data are being deleted without explanation. Each week, about 100 or so reports are routinely deleted, so there are now thousands of inexplicably missing reports
Jessica Rose, Ph.D., a research fellow at the Institute for Pure and Applied Knowledge in Israel, has taken a deep-dive into the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), and in this interview she shares the details of what she's finding.
Tagged Covid-19 vaccine dangers, VAERS
As Evidence of Pathogenic Priming Mounts, Calls for New Medical Approaches to Mute Autoimmunity Must Be Addressed, by James Lyons-Weiler
If after only a few months your vaccine stops protecting you from the virus it's supposed to protect you against, you haven't been given have an effective vaccine. From James Lyons-Weiler at popularrationalism.substack.com:
A compilation of evidence is disturbing. Further mass casualities might be preventable.
Pathogenic priming, as originally described, is the act of exposing people (or animals) to epitopes that match human proteins, leading to the inducement of autoreactogenic antibodies that attack tissues anywhere in the body. I described pathogenic priming in April, 2020 and predicted that tissues across the body could become afflicted due to exposure to COVID-19 proteins.
Evidence is mounting that points to pathogenic priming contributing morbidity and mortality among the vaccinated, including
Increased all-cause mortality
Histopathological evidence of autoimmunity across various organs.
An important message, with data, came to me today on one of my many email threads. I am sharing this on Popular Rationalism with permission Ronald Kostoff, who fowarded the analysis below:
A German pathologist performed autopsies on fifteen post-inoculation patients who died, and found that >90% had their organs attacked by their immune systems (autoimmunity). The following video describes the main results (https://www.bitchute.com/video/fHIT55iM4Zv9/ ), and a written summary follows ( https://doctors4covidethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/end-covax.pdf). The full 4 hr symposium that was live-streamed on December 10th, 2021 and that contains this and other valuable information can be found here Gold Standard Covid Science in Practice: Interdisciplinary Symposium II, December 10, 2021 – Doctors for COVID Ethics (doctors4covidethics.org).
Posted in Medicine, Science
Tagged Covid autopsies, Covid-19 vaccine dangers
Report Links Ballooning Fatalities to "Specific Batches" of the Covid-19 Vaccine, by Mike Whitney
Are some batches of Covid vaccines deliberately more dangerous than other batches? From Mike Whitney at unz.com:
"Dr. Fauci is likely responsible for a preponderance of the total 802,000 US Covid deaths…. It was Dr. Fauci who organized the suppression of easily marshaled and inexpensive early treatments… Fauci who promoted the protocol of sending sick patients home from the ER without any treatment … Fauci who is responsible for the emergency use authorization on the mRNA "vaccines" that may have killed hundreds of thousands more Americans… And .. Fauci who wants to vaxx up all the children in America, despite evidence that the mRNA shots permanently disable children's innate natural immune systems and can cause lasting heart, blood vessel, brain, and reproductive damage…" James Howard Kunstler, "Where Do You Stand?"
Question– Can the deaths that are reported on VAERS be linked to specific batches of the Covid-19 vaccine?
Answer– Yes, they can.
Question– Are you sure of that? What you're suggesting is that particular lots of the vaccine are toxic.
Answer– That appears to be the case.
Question– I want to make sure I understand what you're saying: Are you accusing the drug companies of murder?
Answer– That possibility can't be ruled out, although it cannot yet be proven "beyond a reasonable doubt." Not surprisingly, however, neither industry leaders, regulators or the FBI have shown the slightest interest in examining the evidence that has been meticulously compiled by reputable researchers. The fact is, there is already sufficient statistical evidence that something very sinister is going on that requires an immediate and thorough investigation. It's a matter of gravest concern, after all, people are dying.
Question– I'm still can't believe what you're saying. Do you really think that corporations kill for money?
Answer– Have you ever heard of Vioxx, Paxil or Oxycodone or have you been living under a rock for the last 40 years? Are you at all familiar with the abysmal record of these serial felons that masquerade as respectable pharmaceutical companies but have inflicted horrible suffering and injury on the population? Yes, I realize that liberals love these drug companies and believe they operate with the purest of intentions, but I'm telling you that they'd cut your heart out in a split-second if they thought it would fatten their bottom line. I suggest you expand your reading and figure it out for yourself.
Question– Let's cut to the chase: What proof do you have that the drug companies are deliberately distributing these "toxic" batches of vaccines?
Answer– Wait a minute: What I'm saying is there's enough evidence to warrant an investigation. I'm also saying that if industry shills, like Fauci, were really on the up-an-up, they'd temporarily halt the vaccination campaign until this business is sorted out. Now check out this blurb from The Expose':
"An investigation of data found in the USA's Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) has revealed that extremely high numbers of adverse reactions and deaths have been reported against specific lot numbers of the Covid-19 vaccines several times, meaning deadly batches of the experimental injections have now been identified.
But what's perhaps more concerning is that the "deadly" lots were distributed widely across the United States whilst other "benign" lots were sent to just a few locations." ("EXCLUSIVE – 100% of Covid-19 Vaccine Deaths were caused by just 5% of the batches produced according to official Government data", The Expose)
Posted in Business, Governments, Media, Medicine, Politics, Propaganda, Science, Tyranny
Tagged Covid-19 vaccine dangers, Vaccine batches
Unintended Consequences of mRNA Shots, by Joseph Mercola
You can make a pretty strong case—albeit not a conclusive one because of questionable data—that the cure has harmed more people than the disease. If that's the case now, rest assured, the imbalance will only get worse. From Joseph Mercola at theburningplatform.com:
"Worse Than the Disease: Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19," by Stephanie Seneff, Ph.D., and Dr. Greg Nigh, is one of the most comprehensive descriptions of the many possible unintended consequences of the mRNA gene transfer technologies incorrectly referred to as "COVID vaccines"
As of December 3, 2021, the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) has logged 19,886 COVID jab related deaths. Pfizer — the only company that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted full licensing for an as-yet unavailable COVID shot — accounts for 13,268 of them
Calculations suggest VAERS COVID-related reports are underreported by a factor of 41. That means that in the U.S. alone, the actual death toll may be closer to 374,576. Including international deaths reported to VAERS would put the death toll at 815,326
Key side effects that are now being reported in massive numbers include miscarriages, heart attacks, myopericarditis, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), shingles, Bell's palsy and a variety of permanent disabilities, many of which involve neurological dysfunction
The side effects we now see being reported were entirely predictable based on the known science detailed in Seneff's and Nigh's paper
MIT scientist Stephanie Seneff's paper,1 "Worse Than the Disease: Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19," published in the International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice and Research in collaboration with Dr. Greg Nigh, is still one of the best, most comprehensive descriptions of the many possible unintended consequences of the mRNA gene transfer technologies incorrectly referred to as "COVID vaccines."
December 9, 2021, their paper was reprinted in the Townsend Letter, the Examiner of Alternative Medicine.2 Seneff, Ph.D., a senior research scientist at MIT who has been conducting research at MIT for over five decades, has spent a large portion of her career investigating the hazards and mechanisms of action of glyphosate.
Posted in Government, Medicine, Politics, Propaganda, Tyranny
Tagged Covid-19 statistics, Covid-19 vaccine dangers, Covid-19 vaccine statistics
No Politician Dares To Utter The Obvious: "The Emperor Has No Clothes!" by Walter Gelles
Politicians who argue against vaccination mandates generally do so on grounds of personal freedom and bodily autonomy. Those are fine arguments, but the politicians won't say the obvious: the vaccines not only don't work, they're dangerous. From Walter Gelles at lewrockwell.com:
Many U.S. governors—all of them Republican—have vowed to resist President Biden's authoritarian COVID-19 vaccine mandates. GOP pushback includes executive orders, lawsuits, and legislative bills. And all three of Biden's mandates have now been blocked by federal courts, at least for now—the diktat requiring the genetic-cocktail jab for businesses with 100 or more employees, another mandate targeting healthcare workers, and a third aimed at federal contractors.
But while Republican politicians take aim at the vaccine MANDATES, not a single Senator, Representative, governor, or mayor of either party will come out and state the obvious:
"The Covid vaccines don't work. They don't provide immunity, and they don't prevent transmission of the virus, as the CDC now admits. Countless people who have been double-vaccinated are subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. All that the vaccines claim to do is reduce the severity of (mild) symptoms of COVID-19 illness. This transient protection supposedly lasts 4 to 6 months."
"Even worse, there is overwhelming and irrefutable evidence that the COVID-19 genetic-modification treatments of Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Johnson & Johnson, falsely labeled 'vaccines', are directly killing and severely damaging millions of people both in the United States and around the world. This is abundantly clear from the U.S. CDC/VAERS data (Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System) and the adverse-events reporting systems of the United Kingdom and the European Union."
Posted in Government, Media, Medicine, Politics, Propaganda
Letter by Marc Wathelet, PhD, to the Belgian Minister of Healths
One of the better proposals in this whole Covid fiasco: rather than mandatory vaccinations of health workers to protect patients, regular Covid tests and an Ivermectin prophylaxis program. Of course, this has never been about health and safety, but rather power and control. From Marc Wathelet, Ph.D., at covexit.com:
Note: an Addendum has been added this November 24th, to include new evidence from an article published in the prestigious journal "Circulation" and confirming the considerably elevated risk of cardiovascular accidents.
This letter from Marc Wathelet, PhD, Expert in Molecular Biology and Immunology, is addressed to the Belgian Minister of Health, Frank Vandenbroucke, and analyzes not only the mandates imposed on health care workers but also the vaccination of children and the "Safe Ticket" vaccination passport intended for the general population. The content of the letter is relevant not only to the Belgian situation but also to that of other countries adopting this kind of coercive measures, that are particularly questionable as for their public health benefits.
(The letter is available in French at this LINK)
Dear Mr. Vandenbroucke , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health
Thank you for your response to our letter concerning the compulsory vaccination of health care workers, which you justify based on a certain number of assertions which are however not supported by documentation of scientifically established facts.
On the contrary,
the scientific data available to date contradict all of your arguments and, as detailed below, we can only conclude that the compulsory vaccination of health care workers is not only useless, but also counterproductive from a public health perspective. Such compulsory vaccination also violates the principles of bio-ethics and medical ethics as well as our human rights.
1) Compulsory Vaccination of Health Care Workers is Unnecessary
Mandatory vaccination of health care workers is unnecessary because studies show beyond a reasonable doubt that it does not prevent the contamination of an individual, nor does it reduce the viral load of infected people, and therefore their ability to transmit the virus to others.
In appendix A you will find a long list of facts, scientific publications and official statements from qualified agencies and individuals, such as Dr. Fauci, who confirms our assertion that vaccination does not prevent the disease. the contamination of an individual and his ability to transmit the delta variant circulating today to others.
We will only take a recent example here: on September 23, the Irish Examiner announced that in the city of Waterford, 99.7% of those over 18 were fully vaccinated, which is the highest total in the entire European Union. https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40704104.html . On October 11, Waterford News & Star reported that the city had the highest incidence rate in Ireland https://waterford-news.ie/2021/10/11/waterford-now-has-highest-incidence-of-covid-in-ireland/ .
There is only one conclusion to be drawn, which cannot be disputed in good faith: beyond studies, in the real world, in practice: vaccination does not make it possible to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community.


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