See the comments about the significance of grisaille in the short text at the end of this section.
A selection of still-life photographs made with the 4"x5" view camera, over a broad range of time (1987-2001), using a variety of approaches and ways of proceeding.
The image "Grisaille" and several that follow it were created with the idea of grisaille technique, or the idea of the sort of imagery typical of grisaille, somehow in mind. Grisaille is the term for the paintings done all in grey for the wing panels of an altarpiece, which are seen only during Lent when the altarpiece is closed (thus concealing the full-color paintings usually on view with the altarpiece open). In many such panels, the illusionism of the picture is fortified by seeming to follow or incorporate the structure of the altarpiece itself, often by depicting the subject as if it were a sculpture or a real person positioned within a niche defined by the frame of the panel.
Still, I wouldn't want to make too much of this point, as there is a lot more going on here than just the idea of drawing inspiration from one source in the history of art.
These images exist in limited editions of fifteen signed and numbered prints of any size and any type of print, whether traditional analog silver-gelatin prints or digital pigment prints. They consist, in fact, principally of gelatin-silver prints (as they were made when I still routinely made traditional prints and had not yet adopted the use of a digital pigment printer), sized mainly to a format of 16" x 20" or 11" x 14". Because I generally did not complete the editions in gelatin-silver, I have begun to fill them out with most images by making digital pigment prints in A3Plus, not to exceed a total of fifteen of any type of print. That is, there are no multiple editions. (Some artists engage in the deceptive practice of issuing an edition in a certain size, another edition in another size, etc., without being honest about what they are doing.) For example, of "Late Delivery II" (id#639), I already have eleven signed and numbered gelatin-silver prints, and in recent years have made three digital pigment prints, so I can make only one more pigment print.
For an artist's statement regarding these images, see the last menu item in this section, "The Persistence of Memory - Still-Life Essay".


Electromagnetic emissions are everywhere on the battlefield, from HQ and individual communications systems to radars and jammers. This equipment provides an important role in delivering battlefield intelligence and security. However, the electromagnetic emissions from these same "essential" bits of equipment can make it possible for the enemy to detect, identify and locate friendly forces. This spectrum information can enable the enemy to deploy the most appropriate jamming techniques to optimally degrade/deny equipment or launch an attack on the location.
In addition, electromagnetic emissions can also cause interference with other friendly forces. Knowing what your digital battlefield signature looks like can safeguard locations and troop movements from compromise and prevent inadvertent interference with friendly force equipment.
In 2015, Eastern Ukraine, a Ukrainian army unit was broadcasting a radio message when it received accurate artillery fire, sustaining multiple casualties. It was thought they were geolocated from the RF emissions of the radio equipment.
Portable CRFS receiver mounted within a Storm Case.
CRFS solutions can help deliver a clearer battlefield picture to ensure you know exactly what item of friendly force equipment is emitting RF transmissions and how you would appear to any potential enemy. A network of CRFS intelligent receivers (either fixed or man portable) can pick up RF transmissions over a wide bandwidth and from many kilometers away. This information can then be displayed and classified to give signal type and location on a map. So, when EMCON is in force, you can be sure your team is 100% dark.
As well as delivering information on your own RF transmissions, the CRFS systems can help detect sources of jamming or interference. When forces from different units or countries work together, often their equipment can negatively impact other friendly forces. This inadvertent jamming may arise from electromagnetic compatibility issues or multiple users on the same section of radio spectrum.
Effective spectrum monitoring and management can help, but, when interference does occur, it is essential that the source of the interference is located as quickly as possible. CRFS systems can quickly and accurately detect and geolocate the source of interference.
US troops in Iraq used a range of different counter-IED jamming devices. These devices not only interfered with the IED triggers but also rendered any friendly communication equipment useless.
In the case of non-accidental interference, i.e. a deliberate attack to degrade or deny communication and navigation systems, you can use the same CRFS system to give you the who, what and where intelligence needed to avoid continued disruption. Once you have this information, you can then take steps to neutralize the source or change your procedures.


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It's kind of weird being the youngest in her year. By the end of this week some of her friends will turn seven – but H still has a year to go, as she's only just turned six.
I think this is all part of the stage they're going through, when someone else can do something before their peers and they make it known, but this one can't be changed. It is what it is. People think H is older than she is, which helps a lot – and she knows it.
So what was her sixth birthday like? We spent the day in between the two birthdays (Shaun's is two days before) going to The Eden Project, staying in a hotel in Plymouth that night and stuffing our faces at the Toby Carvery next door. We waited until H had fallen asleep and arranged her presents at the bottom of her bed – presents we'd been carrying around all week with us, on our Cornwall break. A new watch. More new books. Clothes. Music. We headed back to the Toby Carvery for breakfast, then drove back home via Stonehenge, where we stopped for a walk around.
On getting home there were cards and presents to be opened – not many – in fact, H only got three cards in total which kind of made me realise just how cut off we are from people, quite possibly. H was positive about this though; "I'll get more when it's my party". She noticed though.
I think that's what I'm realising about H now too – she's noticing so many other things. She's a very thoughtful child, but also thoughtless. Three days in the Netherlands and she insisted on wheeling one of our cases as I have "a bad back" and she wants to help. She really asserted herself. Ask her to tidy up though, and she'll often be "too tired" despite creating the mess.
We've upped her pocket money to 75p a week, but told her that 5p will get knocked off for bad behaviour or not helping with tidying up which she's worried about, so we're trying for a month, see how it goes. If she's exceptionally helpful it might get moved up to £1 for that week – like yesterday.
Her sense of humour is excellent. She always makes me laugh. She loves joke books and has many in her collection. She creates jokes, she has excellent language skills and reads paperback books in a day – and is able to tell me exactly what it is she has read.
She loves football, swimming and tennis – in that order.
She's starting to hold a tune better too – mainly to one of her numerous Annie soundtracks.
She's really looking forward to starting Year 2. Her last year of Infant School.
She seems less clumsy – possibly down to her current pair of glasses. She'll comfort me when she thinks I need it, usually with a hug or a pat on the back. She looks out for people. It's lovely.
She's angry now too though, and often quite moody. I sit her on my knee (eventually) and remove all distractions and get her to talk about it which seems to help – she's still able to be distracted by me saying silly things which make her forget why she was angry, which is a relief.
We often get "it's this or NOTHING!" ultimatums from her, which usually result in Shaun and I saying "okay, nothing it is then" and her being confused why we'd choose that option. It's kind of cute.
She's a really enjoyable child to be around – not irritating or needy, just lovely, friendly, chatty and fun. Please let this continue…!
Most of all, I'm just beyond proud of what a wonderful little girl we're raising, and enjoy every day of being with her. That's all a parent can ask for, right?
This is what I expected it to be like in Australia in winter. We had one day with fog in the morning, our last one. By around 9am it was sunshine without a cloud in the sky. I think we planned the perfect time to head there without actually realising. There was rain, there was fog, but there was sun and plenty of it.
We're so lucky Shaun's mum and dad live where they do. They're outside Toodyay in the bush, so often there is peace and quiet and you can hear nothing. The night is so dark you can't see anything without a torch – there are no streetlights to help you here. If you're out walking, get back home by 6pm when it's sunset as there are no lights to help drivers see you. The walk around the block of theirs is about 1.5km, and something we all did from time to time to get some exercise.
The downside is being so cut off from anything, but I didn't need to do anything (we had one night out seeing The Dandy Warhols, and two nights staying at his Nanna's in Coogee over near Fremantle) and being an hour or more from Perth, but it means you have to stop and relax at the end of the day – it's not like there are things you need to do and find.
H discovered a new side as well. The climbing one. She's always been okay but I'm terrible at letting go. This time the two times she had other children to play with, they were older and more confident and it rubbed off on her – she was climbing and joining in, trying to do what the other children were doing, but also asking for help when she knew she couldn't. I need to take a step back and let her do things as I know she can. Almost a year ago we were sent some Adidas trainers from Sports Shoes to review (over on Mum Friendly), and they still fit. I ordered in a bigger size, but these shoes have been brilliant and we'll definitely get more when she grows out of them. She also turned five when we were out there – probably her first birthday without other children her own age, but she was fine with that. We did so many trips to places it was like one continuous birthday treat.
We took the easy option with her birthday cake. I'd bought some Frozen characters before we left (although Hans fell off his base so had to be on the cake over Kristoff – I'm going to remove all the bases before H's very small birthday party next month), Shaun's mum Lyn bought an ice cream cake, we bought more vanilla ice cream and some blue food colouring and added some silver balls to the top, then sticking candles and Frozen characters on there. So easy and perfect for H who loves Frozen. This idea was completely stolen from Rosie's friend – Rosie posted the cake on FB a few months ago and I knew it would be perfect for travelling.
Every day I checked the temperature and compared it to London. Every day we were warmer, and every night we were a couple of degrees colder. I'm really missing it. Back to work tomorrow. Big sigh.
Last week I popped into Debenhams on the way home from work, mainly to see if they do child neck pillows (although right now we've lost our adult ones, so we're in need of three, sigh!), where I happened to come across their latest sale.
Bargains galore were to be found, including a pair of One Direction headphones which plug nicely into H's iPod – Shaun's very old one.
This was possibly the best purchase EVER.
I recharged her iPod, and added some albums she'd requested (The Wizard of Oz, Annie, Magic Belles) and copied them across.
For the last 48 hours it has been Let It Go on repeat. Forever. And Ever.
She has headphones on. It is bliss. After a solid weekend of her singing along she's hitting the notes now, gracefully dancing on the floor to the song, almost getting the words right. Add to that 'Everything is Awesome' by Tegan & Sara (she can't do the rap bit though) and it has actually been quite fun hearing my almost-five-year-old sing along to her favourite songs.
It could be so much worse, now she'll just sit with headphones on, zoned out with a book in her own little world where she can play the songs she loves.
I still have the earworms mind. I can hear Let It Go going on upstairs right now while she's having bath time. It just never goes, does it? The only thing that will eventually go is my sanity… good job we've bought her the movie for her birthday, right?
Friday : H is now four. I wonder what her answer will be today… hmmm….
Mummy Why Do You Keep Getting Me Stuff?
This could be taken several ways. We have a LOT of stuff at the moment we're using and working through for Mum Friendly. She has a lot of new clothes – school uniform and the previously mentioned H&M dresses as none of her other dresses are suitable.
So it's feasible she is thinking she's getting lots of things.
She's heard Shaun mutter at me to 'stop getting all this stuff' (paraphrasing there). So she's repeating what she's heard daddy say, and wants to know why he doesn't want me to keep getting her stuff.
It's tricky. So I asked her what she meant. She couldn't really tell me, which makes me think more towards the latter. In the last week the majority of things I have been for me (books!) so it isn't like there's a constant stream of things coming in building up in a corner for her.
Having said that, it's her birthday next month – and Shaun's two days before. So somewhere we need to think of presents but I've no idea what to get. I asked her and was told she'd like a 'big train set I can sit in' apparently. I asked if her small one was no good now, to which she replied it was a bit small and she needs one she can sit in.
Shaun wasn't impressed at my suggestion to upgrade his phone to a new one and buy out his old contract, as a nice sensible practical present (as his old one is O-L-D and he needs a new phone). In fact, he looked at me with his 'are you ridiculous' face and told me it was a rubbish present. This is one place we massively differ – I'm one for getting money given and using it to buy one big present when I want something, whereas he's quite happy to receive things he wouldn't like normally as he likes receiving presents. H is somewhere in the middle just getting confused by presents and 'stuff' and essentials we really need (as long as they don't cost much).
You can't win really, can you?
We've been busy. We're still busy. I like busy. Busy makes the day go faster – but in being busy it means I keep signing up for things without thinking them through. But I am good and stick to my word, so even if it takes me longer to do it, I'll do it. We get there.
Some things can't wait though.
H's 3rd birthday comes in August. It also happens to be when several other friends of hers turn three – we've one friend the day before her, one three days afterwards, another three weeks before, another three weeks afterwards (and I'm hoping there wont be a surprise one via nursery). I'm stocked up on '3' cards, and thinking about presents but now I'm having that minor panic I like to have when I'm not entirely sure what kind of party I'd like her to have, other than she's having one as it's possibly her last big one (as she'll turn 4 and start school next year, unless we take the homeschool route) and all her friends are invited (we made a list at the weekend, so at least I'm slightly organised, plus I bought invites a couple of months ago). We have the in-laws over from Australia at that time too, so need to make sure the party is happening then as well as making sure my mum and sister can make it. See? Too much to think about already.
Repeat to self : the only birthday I remember is my ninth, and that's because I have a photo of it. It doesn't matter what you do as long as everyone has fun. Repeat to fade.


text:
Volume 10. The Life and Struggle of General «Taras Chuprynka» (1907-1950). Documents and Materials
Editor(s) S. Bohunov, V. Danylenko, A. Kentij, S. Kokin, V. Lozyts'ky, M. Posivnyсh
Editorial board Ya. Dashkevych, V. Lozytsky, S. Bohunov, R. Pyrih, P.J. Potichnyj, P. Sokhan', L. Futala, Iu. Shapoval, H. Boryak
Sponsors Credit Union 'Buduchnist'
ISBN (Canada) 978-966-2105-03-2
ISBN (Ukraine) 978-1-897431-02-3
This volume features documents and materials compiled between 1907 and 2005, which reflect the milestones in the life and activities of Gen. Roman Shukhevych («Taras Chuprynka»), the leader of the Ukrainian revolutionary liberation movement in 1943-1950, and serve as a lasting tribute to his memory. In addition to documents stored at the Specialized State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine, this volume also includes documents from the State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv and, partially, the Central State Archive of the Highest Organs of Government and Administration of Ukraine (TsDAVO Ukrainy), as well as materials that have already appeared in the Litopys UPA series (Toronto) and other publications. Kyiv-Toronto, 2007. Hardcover: 832 pp. Illustrations. This volume was funded by the BUDUCHNIST CREDIT UNION, Toronto, Canada.
Volume 9. The Struggle against the Insurgent Movement and Nationalist Underground: Interrogation Protocols of OUN and UPA Leaders Arrested by the Soviet State Security Organs. 1944-1945 Volume 11. The OUN(B) Network and the UPA Rear Line Services on the Territory of the Military Okruhas (VO) «Zahrava,» «Turiv,» «Bohun» (August 1942-December 1943)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
TOTC names Spirited Awards 2019 finalists
June 26, 2019 Mike Time
New Orleans on-trade festival Tales of the Cocktail has announced the shortlist for its 13th annual spirited awards.
After a "record year" of submissions, the top ten entries in each category were announced earlier this month. The longlists have now been whittled down to four entries in each category.
Split between American, International and Global bartending categories as well as awards for writing and media, the Spirited Awards were created to recognise "the best and brightest in the cocktail and spirits industries".
Charlotte Voisey, Spirited Awards chairperson, said: "The depth and breadth of quality in our industry continues to grow and reflect the hard work and dedication of so many bar professionals around the world.
"We are delighted to be able to celebrate that through the Spirited Awards year after year. Many congratulations to all of our top four nominees this year, we look forward to recognising you all and to announcing the winners in New Orleans soon."
The World's Best Bar title will be awarded to one of the bar category winners: Best American and International Cocktail Bar, Best American and International Restaurant Bar, Best American and International Hotel Bar, and Best American and International High Volume Bar.
The Helen David Lifetime Achievement Award, Philanthropy Award, Timeless American Award, and Timeless International Award will be announced during the awards ceremony, which will take place at the Orpheum Theatre in New Orleans on 20 July.
Click through the following pages to discover the top four finalists in each category of the 2019 Spirited Awards.
Posted in: Headline, News
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I'm looking for advise as I've just been diagnosed, my face is so dry & itchy but I have stopped using all skin products as I'm bombarded by info from cosmetic places trying to flog stuff. Can anyone recommend skin toner, moisturiser as I have seen Rosacure advertised but is it a gimmick.
I don't like the gel I've been prescribed as it goes flaky on the skin & is embarrassing so feeling extremely self conscious.
Please help as I just want to feel normal again.
Any way of getting rid of this.


A typical Tunisian adjective has three forms: a masculine singular, feminine singular, and plural. It must always agree with its head noun in number and gender when applicable. There is no formal morphological difference between attributive and predicative adjectives.
Compared to other Romance languages, Tunisian gender marking in the singular is much stronger than usual, while in the plural it is weaker than in other languages. In the plural, Tunisian has completely lost the formal gender contrast between masculine and feminine, which is retained in some form throughout the rest of the Romance languages. However, Tunisian lacks the ambigeneric singulars seen elsewhere, having spread explicit feminine marking to all adjectives, as in fil cúrteis "a polite boy" and faile cúrteise "a polite girl" (compare Spanish un niño cortés "a polite boy" and una niña cortés "a polite girl").
The vast majority of Tunisian adjectives are regular.
The masculine singular is unmarked, consisting of the bare stem and always ending in a consonant; ending in a long vowel (but not a short vowel) is allowed, but such adjectives are always irregular. The feminine singular adds the ending -e /ə/ to the stem. The plural adds the ending -s to the stem, pronounced [s] after voiceless consonants and [z] elsewhere. The citation form is the masculine singular.
Irregular adjectives fall into two broad types: those with non-zero masculine singular forms, and those with a reduced stem in the masculine singular.
Tunisian only has one class of adjective with a non-zero masculine singular ending, but that class is very common and productive. These are the adjectives containing the so-called nisbe [ˈniz.bə]. This suffix, -í /iː/ in the masculine singular, is borrowed from the Arabic nisba suffix ـي, commonly used to form denominal adjectives. Its feminine singular form is -ie /je/ and its plural is -is /iz/.
In the vast majority of cases, the ending is stressed in the masculine singular, but retracts to a previous syllable in the feminine singular and plural forms (based on more typical Tunisian stress rules). This is unusual in Tunisian, where the stress is usually constant throughout a single adjective's declension. If the masculine singular ending is not stressed, however, the stress remains fixed in all forms.
However, the stress is fixed on the /i/ when the adjective is derived from a feminine noun ending in /ə/. In some respects this variation of the nisba acts less like a special class of adjective endings, and more like a suffix *-ij- that takes regular adjective endings. This results in a disyllabic feminine singular ending -íe /ˈijə/ and a long vowel in the plural ending -ís /iːz/ (from *-ij-iz?). The adjectives in the table below are derived from Ambricce [ˈaːm.bri.kə] "America", Rume [ˈru.mə] "Rome", and Ilmanie [ˈiːl.mʌ.njə] "Germany", respectively.
For information on the use of the nisbe suffix in adjective derivation, see the chapter on Derivation.
Some adjectives undergo a stem transformation as they are declined, most commonly a reduced form in the masculine singular (where a former final consonant was lost, but is restored when an ending is added) or a stem alteration in the plural (typically caused by interaction with the final /s~z/). These fail into a moderately sized collection of different subtypes.
Most adjectives ending in a long vowel in the masculine singular shorten it and add /n/ in the feminine and /j/ in the plural.
This includes the common suffix -(i)á (feminine -(i)ane, plural -(i)ais), primarily used to form demonyms.
The suffix -ó (feminine -ore, plural -ores) is an exception to the above rule, in that it expands to /r/ rather than /n/. This suffix is primarily used in a handful of inherited comparatives.
Monosyllabic adjectives ending in a long vowel are unpredictable, with the additional consonant possibly being either /r/ or /n/.
No adjectives end in a short vowel in the masculine singular form, with the exception of final [u] from earlier *l. However, these are orthographically always written with the letter l, and can still be analyzed as an allophone of /l/ in the modern language. The [l] phone resurfaces in the feminine singular.
Final /st/ + /s/ becomes /ʃtʃ/ in the plural, spelled -çs. This same rule applies to nouns as well.
Final /s/ + /s/ and /z/ + /s/ are both pronounced as [z] in the plural. Consequently, at a phonetic level, stems ending in /s/ in the masculine singular form their plural by converting it to [z], while stems that end in /z/ have identical masculine singular and plural forms. Orthographically these are entirely regular and are spelled -ss and -zs.
Some stem changes in the feminine singular are purely orthographic, the result of adding an additional vowel letter at the end of a consonantal stem. These include respelling stem final /k/ and /g/ as cc/ch and gg/gh respectively, or adding an acute accent to orthographic e in monosyllabic stems.
For the vast majority of adjectives, the most natural placement is immediately after the noun they modify. However, as with several other Romance languages such as Spanish and French, a handful of adjectives may also be placed before the noun. These preposed adjectives often have distinct semantics and distinct forms due to phonetic reduction.
Tunisian has 11 adjectives that may appeared preposed. These are tightly bound to their head noun; phonologically they behave as a single word, with the adjective bearing a weaker stress than it would if it were in the normal postposed attributive position. Orthographically, preposed adjectives are always joined to their head by a hyphen. The gender contrast is neutralized in the singular, so that preposed adjectives only distinguish a singular and plural; however, in many cases the singular form has multiple variants depending on the first sound of the following word, another sign of the closer affinity between a preposed adjective and its head.
The table below shows the 11 Tunisian adjectives that may appear preposed and their various forms. The semantics and usage of these adjectives are discussed later.
For the most part, the preposed forms are simply phonetic reductions of the original, often losing final consonants or undergoing some sort of assimilation. However, several have a more complex history, reflecting either a divergent or entirely different etymology when compared to their normal attributive forms.
In the case of glios "good" and ntic "old", the preposed forms bon/bom/boe/bos and vec/vecs represent entirely different lexemes; specifically, they are cognate with bó "happy, favorable" and vecl "longstanding, long-time". The preposed forms actually preserve the older meaning of these lexemes, with glios and ntic being more recent forms that have displaced bó and vecl in these senses.
For inèlt "high" and imbes "low", the preposed forms are cognate, but lack the prefixed in- element: elt/elts, bas/bass. As before, the preposed forms are in fact older, with the unbound adjectives acquiring in- at a later point as an emphatic element.
For the vast majority of adjectives, comparatives are formed periphrastically using comparative and superlative adverbs placed before the adjective.
The comparative degree is expressed with the adverbs mis [ˈmis] "more", peis [ˈpejs] "less", and the tisme [ˈtiz.mə] "same, as": mis nov "newer", peis nov "less new", tisme nov "as new".
The superlative degree is expressed with the adverbs úmis [ˈuː.mis] "most" and umpeis [ˈuːm.pejs] "least": úmis nov "newest", umpeis nov "least new".
Four adjectives have retained synthetic (positive) comparatives, which replace the analytic comparative with mis and are used in place of the base adjective stem in the superlative. In the case of mjȯ "better" (comparative of glios "good") and pçó "worse" (comparative of mal "bad"), this form is mandatory, as *mis glios and *mis mal are ungrammatical. In the case of mó "bigger, greater" (comparative of grend "big") and minor "smaller, lesser" (comparative of masc "small"), the rules are somewhat more complicated. When used to describe physical size, the analytic comparatives are used: il dom mis grend "the bigger house"; when used to describe abstract qualities, the synthetic comparative is preferred but not mandatory: calitá mjore, calitá mis grènde "higher quality".
While the forms of most Tunisian numbers may seem familiar to those with knowledge of other Romance languages, their behavior is quite unlike the other Romance languages, having been heavily influenced by Semitic and Berber models. The cardinal numbers, used for counting and quantifying, have fallen in line with other Tunisian quantifiers, marking two genders and typically coordinated with the quantified noun using the preposition yd "of": tres yd doms "three houses", trèse yn noćs "three nights".
The units from 1 to 10 are by and large inherited from Latin, with the exception if par/pare "two", which comes from Latin paria "pair". The forms ú/une "one" are identical in form to the indefinite article, although the meanings are distinguished based on whether they are used as adjectives (ú libr "a book") or quantifiers (ú yl libr "one book").
The teens 11–19 are generally formed by combining the unit with the suffix -dèc, related to dec "ten". This same construction was used in classical Latin, but only the numbers 11 through 15 are direct descendents from the Latin originals; 16 through 19 are later creations based on the same pattern.
The decades 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 all descend directly from their Latin counterparts. Intermediate numbers follow the decade with the conjunction e "and": trend' e ú/une "thirty one" (lit. "thirty and one"). Note that only the unit declines in this case, with the decade taking a fixed form identical to the masculine, but written with an apostrophe at the end. This is because the invariant form of the decade historically was identical to the feminine, but over time the feminine ending -e was lost due to the following conjunction e. Even though the full form is no longer used, the orthographic apostrophe indicating the contraction is still in use.
For sixty and above, a vigesimal system takes over. The numbers 60 and 80 are tresbít and cadbrít, originally meaning "three twenties" and "four twenties" respectively, although this etymology is no longer transparent. Intermediate numbers in the decades 61–69 and 81–89 are formed as expected. The decades 70–79 and 90–99 combine tresbít and cadbrít with the teens: tresbit' e undèc(ce) "seventy one" (lit. "sixty and eleven"), cadbrít' e nóvdèc(ce) "ninety nine" (lit. "eighty and nineteen").
This counting scheme is strongly reminiscent of French, which uses a similar vigesimal system for the numbers 80–99 (e.g., quatre-vingt-dix-neuf "ninety-nine", literally "eighty-nineteen" or "four-twenty-ten-nine"). Despite the similarities, the two systems emerged separately; the French system is due to contact influence with Celtic languages, while the Tunisian system results from extensive contact with Berber languages.
Higher numbers are formed on the basis of the nouns mite "hundred", mil "thousand", milion "million", etc. Note that unlike the forms discussed up to this point, these are true nouns, not quantifiers; they therefore do not display gender agreement and can themselves be quantified, having singular and plural forms rather than masculine and feminine ones. Multiples of these forms are expressed through quantification: pare n mits "two hundred" (lit. "two hundreds"). Intermediate numbers appear as uncoordinated adjuncts: catr yn mils, pare n mits, trend' e seft(e) "four-thousand two-hundred and thirty-seven". Note that since mite is feminine and mil is masculine, their respective quantifiers show differing gender agreement.
When counting or otherwise using numbers in isolation, the feminine form of numbers is used (i.e., une, pare, trèse, ...). This is likely due to Arabic influence, where the feminine forms are also considered the default. The feminine endings also create a trochaic meter when counting, which may be seen as more euphonous than a series of masculine monosyllables.
The ordinal numbers indicate position within a series (first, second, third, etc.). They are true adjectives, with masculine singular, feminine singular, and plural forms declined regularly.
The ordinals prim "first", tèrit "third", and çèrit "fourth" are directly derived from their Latin counterparts prīmus, tertius, and quartus. Sçend "second" comes from Latin sequens "following, next", having displaced the original form secundus. Çeití "fifth" does derive from Latin quintus "fifth", but has been augmented with a nisbe.
The higher ordinals from "sixth" through "ninth" are Tunisian innovations, formed from the cardinal numeral by the addition of the nisba.
The ordinal dècmí "tenth", like "fifth", derives from the original Latin ordinal decimus "tenth" but has been augmented with a nisba.
Note that all ordinals containing a nisba are stem-stressed, somewhat atypically for adjectives with a nisba.
Ordinals beyond "tenth" can be derived easily from the cardinal form.
The teens all replace the suffix -dèc- with -dècm- and the nisbe, paralleling the derivation dec "ten" to dècmí "tenth": trèdècmí "thirteenth", sèftdècmí "seventeenth".
Even decades, hundreds, thousands, and beyond simply add the nisbe to the cardinal base if it is one word: vèndí "twentieth", tresbítí "sixtieth", mití "hundredth", milí "thousandth", etc. If the cardinal consists of multiple words, only the very last component is converted to an ordinal: tresbít' e dècmí "seventieth", pare n mití "two hundredth", etc.
In writing, ordinals may be written out in full, or may be abbreviated using the numeric representation of the cardinal number plus a period: 1. "1st", 35. "35th", etc. If modifying a noun, the feminine and plural forms of the ordinals are indicated by the addition of e for feminine and s for plural, so that 1. is read prim, 1.e is read prime, and 1.s is read prims.


we love trick and treat time and costume time!
There are so many things I love about Halloween! It has something for all ages! Blood and gore for teens & adults and magic and memories for younger kids & their parents! Being a mom of two little ones I absolutely love the excitement that every kid has about a holiday revolved around kids' 2 favorite things: CANDY and MAKE-BELIEVE!! A magical night where a child can play dress up, be whoever they want to be for a night and get candy!!
Crisp Air, fallin leaves, candy, Choc, cupcakes, Halloween decorations on houses, fall trees, ghouls, ghosts, Dracula, pumpkin and most of costumes.
My favorite thing about Halloween is that it is one holiday where you get to act like a kid again. Dress up with your kids and eat more candy than you normally would!!
I have in recent years started dressing up with my 2 youngest son's & the looks on their faces is priceless. They love it that I put the effort in to fully experience Halloween with them!
dressing up with my kids! I love Halloween!
We love dressing up and decorating pumpkins!
The enthusiasm in the kiddos to decorate everything and carve pumpkins!
We love decorating and dressing up, as well as celebrating my oldest daughter's birthday.
My kids love to dress up, make crafts and of course, the candy!!!
Can't believe we've never been.
i love everything about the season! I love decorating the house, making costumes for the kids, trick or treating, carving pumpkins, ….. I just love this time of year!
My favorite thing about Halloween is seeing all the kids dressed up in their costumes and seeing them trick or treating around the neighborhood!
The kids love having their face painted and eating treats.
We just love all of the dressing up and imagination that goes into Halloween. And as our family has grown over the years, we love to take photos of the kids in the same spot every year and compare them to the previous year. It's neat to see how much they have grown over a years time and how their taste in Halloween costume ideas have changed.
Pumpkin pie…pumpkin bread..and the joy on my daughter's face from deciding what to be for Halloween!
I love seeing all the little ones dressed up and watching them pick the perfect pumpkin.
i love dressing up as a family!!!!!
We love getting our kids dressed up with their friends and going trick or treating.
I like the smells in the air of fall. The caramel, the cider, the nutmeg, and pumpkin. I reminisce on going door to door for candy snd each of us,taking a pillow case, seeing who can fill theirs closest to the top. I now have kids of my own and we paint faces and participate in decorating our car in a really awesome theme and handing out candy out of trunk to kids at local park. And it then won't be long until Thanksgiving!
Congrats Dawn! You're the winner of the Irvine Park Giveaway.
Love seeing little ones dressed up and meeting neighbors!
How excited my boys get when they try on their Halloween costumes. We love the pumpkin patch too! So fun!
I love the scary decorating and scaring everybody!!
I love seeing all the decorations and how nice and cool the weather is. Halloween always has the best weather for trick or treating.
We love to trick or treat and try to come up with creative homemade costumes.
I love seeing my girls get excited and having fun during Halloween time.


text:
Phoenician ( ) is an extinct Canaanite Semitic language originally spoken in the region surrounding the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Extensive Tyro-Sidonian trade and commercial dominance led to Phoenician becoming a lingua franca of the maritime Mediterranean during the Iron Age. The Phoenician alphabet spread to Greece during this period, where it became the source of all modern European scripts.

Phoenician belongs to the Canaanite languages and as such is quite similar to Biblical Hebrew and other languages of the group, at least in its early stages and therefore mutually intelligible with them.

The area in which Phoenician was spoken includes the northern Levant and, at least as a prestige language, Anatolia, specifically the areas now including Syria, Lebanon, Western Galilee, parts of Cyprus and some adjacent areas of Turkey. It was also spoken in the area of Phoenician colonization along the coasts of the southwestern Mediterranean Sea, including those of modern Tunisia, Morocco, Libya and Algeria as well as Malta, the west of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, the Balearic Islands and southernmost Spain.

In modern times, the language was first decoded by Jean-Jacques Barthélemy in 1758, who noted that the name "Phoenician" was first given to the language by Samuel Bochart in his Geographia Sacra seu Phaleg et Canaan.

History
The Phoenicians were the first state-level society to make extensive use of the Semitic alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet is the oldest verified consonantal alphabet, or abjad. It has become conventional to refer to the script as "Proto-Canaanite" until the mid-11th century BC, when it is first attested on inscribed bronze arrowheads, and as "Phoenician" only after 1050 BC. The Phoenician phonetic alphabet is generally believed to be at least the partial ancestor of almost all modern alphabets.

From a traditional linguistic perspective, Phoenician was composed of a variety of dialects. According to some sources, Phoenician developed into distinct Tyro-Sidonian and Byblian dialects. By this account, the Tyro-Sidonian dialect, from which the Punic language eventually emerged, spread across the Mediterranean through trade and colonization, whereas the ancient dialect of Byblos, known from a corpus of only a few dozen extant inscriptions, played no expansionary role. However, the very slight differences in language and the insufficient records of the time make it unclear whether Phoenician formed a separate and united dialect or was merely a superficially defined part of a broader language continuum. Through their maritime trade, the Phoenicians spread the use of the alphabet to Northwest Africa and Europe, where it was adopted by the Greeks. Later, the Etruscans adopted a modified version for their own use, which, in turn, was modified and adopted by the Romans and became the Latin alphabet. In the east of the Mediterranean region, the language was in use as late as the 1st century BC, when it seems to have gone extinct there.

Punic colonisation spread Phoenician to the western Mediterranean, where the distinct Punic language developed. Punic also died out, but it seems to have survived far longer than Phoenician, until the 6th century, perhaps even into the 9th century AD.

Writing system

Phoenician was written with the Phoenician script, an abjad (consonantary) originating from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet that also became the basis for the Greek alphabet and, via an Etruscan adaptation, the Latin alphabet. The Punic form of the script gradually developed somewhat different and more cursive letter shapes; in the 3rd century BC, it also began to exhibit a tendency to mark the presence of vowels, especially final vowels, with an aleph or sometimes an ayin. Furthermore, around the time of the Second Punic War, an even more cursive form began to develop, which gave rise to a variety referred to as Neo-Punic and existed alongside the more conservative form and became predominant some time after the destruction of Carthage (c. 149 BC). Neo-Punic, in turn, tended to designate vowels with matres lectionis ("consonantal letters") more frequently than the previous systems had and also began to systematically use different letters for different vowels, in the way explained in more detail below. Finally, a number of late inscriptions from what is now Constantine, Algeria dated to the first century BC make use of the Greek alphabet to write Punic, and many inscriptions from Tripolitania, in the third and fourth centuries AD use the Latin alphabet for that purpose.

In Phoenician writing, unlike that of abjads such as those of Aramaic, Biblical Hebrew and Arabic, even long vowels remained generally unexpressed, regardless of their origin (even if they originated from diphthongs, as in bt  'house', for earlier *bayt-; Hebrew spelling has byt). Eventually, Punic writers began to implement systems of marking of vowels by means of matres lectionis. In the 3rd century BC appeared the practice of using final 'ālep  to mark the presence of any final vowel and, occasionally, of yōd  to mark a final long .

Later, mostly after the destruction of Carthage in the so-called "Neo-Punic" inscriptions, that was supplemented by a system in which wāw  denoted , yōd  denoted , 'ālep  denoted  and , ʿayin  denoted  and hē  and   could also be used to signify . This latter system was used first with foreign words and was then extended to many native words as well.

A third practice reported in the literature is the use of the consonantal letters for vowels in the same way as had occurred in the original adaptation of the Phoenician alphabet to Greek and Latin, which was apparently still transparent to Punic writers: hē  for  and 'ālep  for .

Later, Punic inscriptions began to be written in the Latin alphabet, which also indicated the vowels. Those later inscriptions, in addition with some inscriptions in Greek letters and transcriptions of Phoenician names into other languages, represent the main source of knowledge about Phoenician vowels.

Phonology

Consonants
The following table presents the consonant phonemes of the Phoenician language as represented in the Phoenician alphabet, alongside their standard Semiticist transliteration and reconstructed phonetic values in the International Phonetic Alphabet.:

The system reflected in the abjad above is the product of several mergers. From Proto-Northwest Semitic to Canaanite,  and  have merged into ,  and  have merged into , and ,  and  have merged into . Next, from Canaanite to Phoenician, the sibilants  and  were merged as ,  and  were merged as , and * and * were merged as *. For the phonetic values of the sibilants, see below. These latter developments also occurred in Biblical Hebrew at one point or another, except that  merged into  there.

Sibilants
The original value of the Proto-Semitic sibilants, and accordingly of their Phoenician counterparts, is disputed. While the traditional sound values are  for ,  for ,  for , and  for , recent scholarship argues that  was ,  was ,  was , and  was , as transcribed in the consonant table above. Krahmalkov, too, suggests that Phoenician *z may have been [dz] or even [zd] based on Latin transcriptions such as esde for the demonstrative  z.

On the other hand, it is debated whether šīn  and sāmek , which are mostly well distinguished by the Phoenician orthography, also eventually merged at some point, either in Classical Phoenician or in Late Punic.

Postvelars
In later Punic, the laryngeals and pharyngeals seem to have been entirely lost. Neither these nor the emphatics could be adequately represented by the Latin alphabet, but there is also evidence to that effect from Punic script transcriptions.

Lenition
There is no consensus on whether Phoenician-Punic ever underwent the lenition of stop consonants that happened in most other Northwest Semitic languages such as Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic (cf. Hackett vs Segert and Lyavdansky). The consonant  may have been generally transformed into  in Punic and in late Phoenician, as it was in Proto-Arabic. Certainly, Latin-script renditions of late Punic include many spirantized transcriptions with ph, th and kh in various positions (although the interpretation of these spellings is not entirely clear) as well as the letter f for the original *p. However, in Neo-Punic, *b lenited to /v/ contiguous to a following consonant, as in the Latin transcription lifnim for  *lbnm "for his son".

Vowels
Knowledge of the vowel system is very imperfect because of the characteristics of the writing system. During most of its existence, Phoenician writing showed no vowels at all, and even as vowel notation systems did eventually arise late in its history, they never came to be applied consistently to native vocabulary. It is thought that Phoenician had the short vowels , ,  and the long vowels , , , , . The Proto-Semitic diphthongs  and  are realized as  and . That must have happened earlier than in Biblical Hebrew since the resultant long vowels are not marked with the semivowel letters (bēt "house" was written  bt, in contrast to Biblical Hebrew  byt).

The most conspicuous vocalic development in Phoenician is the so-called Canaanite shift, shared by Biblical Hebrew, but going further in Phoenician. The Proto-Northwest Semitic  and  became not merely  as in Tiberian Hebrew, but . Stressed Proto-Semitic  became Tiberian Hebrew  ( in other traditions), but Phoenician . The shift is proved by Latin and Greek transcriptions like rūs/ρους for "head, cape" 𐤓𐤀𐤔 /ruːʃ/ (Tiberian Hebrew rōš /roːʃ/, ); similarly notice stressed  (corresponding to Tiberian Hebrew ) samō/σαμω for "he heard" 𐤔𐤌𐤏 /ʃaˈmoʕ/ (Tiberian Hebrew šāmaʻ /ʃɔːˈmaʕ/, ); similarly the word for "eternity" is known from Greek transcriptions to have been ūlōm/ουλομ 𐤏𐤋𐤌 /ʕuːˈloːm/, corresponding to Biblical Hebrew ʻōlām עולם /ʕoːlɔːm/ and Proto-Semitic ʻālam /ˈʕaːlam/ (in Arabic: ʻālam عالم /ˈʕaːlam/). The letter Y used for words such as 𐤀𐤔 /ʔəʃ/ ys/υς "which" and 𐤀𐤕 /ʔət/ yth/υθ (definite accusative marker) in Greek and Latin alphabet inscriptions can be interpreted as denoting a reduced schwa vowel that occurred in pre-stress syllables in verbs and two syllables before stress in nouns and adjectives, while other instances of Y as in chyl/χυλ and even chil/χιλ for 𐤊𐤋 /kull/ "all" in Poenulus can be interpreted as a further stage in the vowel shift resulting in fronting () and even subsequent delabialization of  and . Short  in originally-open syllables was lowered to  and was also lengthened if it was accented.

Suprasegmentals

Stress-dependent vowel changes indicate that stress was probably mostly final, as in Biblical Hebrew. Long vowels probably occurred only in open syllables.

Grammar
As is typical for the Semitic languages, Phoenician words are usually built around consonantal roots and vowel changes are used extensively to express morphological distinctions. However, unlike most Semitic languages, Phoenician preserved (or, possibly, re-introduced) numerous uniconsonantal and biconsonantal roots seen in Proto-Afro-Asiatic: compare the verbs 𐤊𐤍 kn "to be" vs Arabic كون kwn, 𐤌𐤕 mt "to die" vs Hebrew and Arabic מות/موت mwt and 𐤎𐤓 sr "to remove" vs Hebrew סרר srr.

Nominal morphology
Nouns are marked for gender (masculine and feminine), number (singular, plural and vestiges of the dual) and state (absolute and construct, the latter being nouns that are followed by their possessors) and also have the category definiteness. There is some evidence for remains of the Proto-Semitic genitive grammatical case as well. While many of the endings coalesce in the standard orthography, inscriptions in the Latin and Greek alphabet permit the reconstruction of the noun endings, which are also the adjective endings, as follows:

In late Punic, the final  of the feminine was apparently dropped:   "son of the queen" or   "brother of the queen" rendered in Latin as HIMILCO.  was also assimilated to following consonants: e.g. 𐤔𐤕  "year" for earlier 𐤔𐤍𐤕 .

The case endings in general must have been lost between the 9th century BC and the 7th century BC:  the personal name rendered in Akkadian as ma-ti-nu-ba-a-li "Gift of Baal", with the case endings -u and -i, was written ma-ta-an-baa-al (likely Phoenician spelling *𐤌𐤕𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋) two centuries later. However, evidence has been found for a retention of the genitive case in the form of the first-singular possessive suffix: 𐤀𐤁𐤉  /abiya/ "of my father" vs 𐤀𐤁  /abī/ "my father". If true, this may suggest that cases were still distinguished to some degree in other forms as well.

The written forms and the reconstructed pronunciations of the personal pronouns are as follows:

Singular:
1st: // 𐤀𐤍𐤊  (Punic sometimes 𐤀𐤍𐤊𐤉 ), also attested as //
2nd masc. // 𐤀𐤕
2nd fem. // 𐤀𐤕
3rd masc. // 𐤄𐤀 , also [] (?) 𐤄𐤉  and // 𐤄𐤀𐤕
3rd fem. // 𐤄𐤀

Plural:
1st: // 𐤀𐤍𐤇𐤍
2nd masc. // 𐤀𐤕𐤌
2nd fem. unattested, perhaps // 𐤀𐤕𐤍
3rd masc. and feminine // 𐤄𐤌𐤕

Enclitic personal pronouns were added to nouns (to encode possession) and to prepositions, as shown below for "Standard Phoenician" (the predominant dialect, as distinct from the Byblian and the late Punic varieties). They appear in a slightly different form depending on whether or not they follow plural-form masculine nouns (and so are added after a vowel). The former is given in brackets with the abbreviation a.V.

Singular:
1st: // , also 𐤉  (a.V. // )
2nd masc. // 𐤊
2nd fem. // 𐤊
3rd masc. // , Punic 𐤀 , (a.V. // )
3rd fem. // , Punic 𐤀  (a.V. // )

Plural:
1st: // 𐤍
2nd masc. // 𐤊𐤌
2nd fem. unattested, perhaps // 𐤊𐤍
3rd masc. // 𐤌  (a.V. // 𐤍𐤌 )
3rd fem. // 𐤌  (a.V. // 𐤍𐤌 )

In addition, according to some research, the same written forms of the enclitics that are attested after vowels are also found after a singular noun in what must have been the genitive case (which ended in , whereas the plural version ended in ). Their pronunciation can then be reconstructed somewhat differently: first-person singular // 𐤉 , third-person singular masculine and feminine // 𐤉  and // 𐤉 . The third-person plural singular and feminine must have pronounced the same in both cases, i.e. // 𐤍𐤌  and // 𐤍𐤌 .

These enclitic forms vary between the dialects. In the archaic Byblian dialect, the third person forms are 𐤄 h and 𐤅 w // for the masculine singular (a.V. 𐤅 w //), 𐤄 h // for the feminine singular and 𐤅𐤌 hm // for the masculine plural. In late Punic, the 3rd masculine singular is usually // 𐤌 .

The same enclitic pronouns are also attached to verbs to denote direct objects. In that function, some of them have slightly divergent forms: first singular // 𐤍  and probably first plural //.

The near demonstrative pronouns ("this") are written, in standard Phoenician, 𐤆 z [za] for the singular and 𐤀𐤋  [ʔilːa] for the plural. Cypriot Phoenician displays 𐤀𐤆  [ʔizːa] instead of 𐤆 z [za]. Byblian still distinguishes, in the singular, a masculine  [zan] /  [za] from a feminine 𐤆𐤕  [zuːt] / 𐤆𐤀  [zuː]. There are also many variations in Punic, including 𐤎𐤕 st [suːt] and 𐤆𐤕 zt [zuːt] for both genders in the singular. The far demonstrative pronouns ("that") are identical to the independent third-person pronouns. The interrogative pronouns are  or perhaps  𐤌𐤉  "who" and  𐤌  "what". Indefinite pronouns are "anything" is written 𐤌𐤍𐤌 mnm (possibly pronounced [miːnumːa], similar to Akkadian [miːnumːeː]) and 𐤌𐤍𐤊 mnk (possibly pronounced [miːnukːa]). The relative pronoun is a 𐤔  [ʃi], either followed or preceded by a vowel.

The definite article was , and the first consonant of the following word was doubled. It was written 𐤄 h but in late Punic also 𐤀  and 𐤏  because of the weakening and coalescence of the gutturals. Much as in Biblical Hebrew, the initial consonant of the article is dropped after the prepositions 𐤁 b-, 𐤋 l- and 𐤊 k-; it could also be lost after various other particles and function words, such the direct object marker 𐤀𐤉𐤕  and the conjunction 𐤅 w- "and".

Of the cardinal numerals from 1 to 10, 1 is an adjective, 2 is formally a noun in the dual and the rest are nouns in the singular. They all distinguish gender: 𐤀𐤇𐤃, 𐤀𐤔𐤍𐤌/𐤔𐤍𐤌 (construct state 𐤀𐤔𐤍/𐤔𐤍 ), 𐤔𐤋𐤔 , 𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏, 𐤇𐤌𐤔 , 𐤔𐤔 , 𐤔𐤁𐤏 , 𐤔𐤌𐤍/𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤄 , 𐤕𐤔𐤏 , 𐤏𐤔𐤓/𐤏𐤎𐤓 vs 𐤀𐤇𐤕, unattested, 𐤔𐤋𐤔𐤕 , 𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤕 , 𐤇𐤌𐤔𐤕 , 𐤔𐤔𐤕 , 𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤕 , 𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤕 , unattested, 𐤏𐤔𐤓𐤕 . The tens are morphologically masculine plurals of the ones: 𐤏𐤔𐤓𐤌/𐤏𐤎𐤓𐤌 , 𐤔𐤋𐤔𐤌 , 𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤌 , 𐤇𐤌𐤔𐤌 , 𐤔𐤔𐤌 , 𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤌, 𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤌 , 𐤕𐤔𐤏𐤌 . "One hundred" is 𐤌𐤀𐤕 , two hundred is its dual form , whereas the rest are formed as in 𐤌𐤀𐤕𐤌  (three hundred). One thousand is 𐤀𐤋𐤐. Ordinal numerals are formed by the addition of *iy 𐤉 . Composite numerals are formed with w- 𐤅 "and", e.g. 𐤏𐤔𐤓 𐤅𐤔𐤍𐤌  for "twelve".

Verbal morphology
The verb inflects for person, number, gender, tense and mood. Like for other Semitic languages, Phoenician verbs have different "verbal patterns" or "stems", expressing manner of action, level of transitivity and voice.
The perfect or suffix-conjugation, which expresses the past tense, is exemplified below with the root 𐤐𐤏𐤋 p-ʻ-l "to do" (a "neutral", G-stem).

Singular:
1st: // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕𐤉
2nd masc. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕
2nd fem. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕
3rd masc. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋
3rd fem. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕 , also 𐤐𐤏𐤋 , Punic 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤀

Plural:
1st: // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤍
2nd masc. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕𐤌
2nd fem. unattested, perhaps // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕𐤍
3rd masc. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋 , Punic 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤀
3rd fem. // 𐤐𐤏𐤋 , Punic 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤀

The imperfect or prefix-conjugation, which expresses the present and future tense (and which is not distinguishable from the descendant of the Proto-Semitic jussive expressing wishes), is exemplified below, again with the root p-ʻ-l.

1st: // 𐤀𐤐𐤏𐤋
2nd masc. // 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋
2nd fem. // 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤉
3rd masc. // 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋
3rd fem. // 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋
Plural:
1st: // 𐤍𐤐𐤏𐤋
2nd masc. // 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋 , Punic 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤀
2nd fem. // 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤍
3rd masc. // 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋
3rd fem. *// 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤍

The imperative endings were presumably ,  and  for the second-person singular masculine, second-person singular feminine and second-person plural masculine respectively, but all three forms surface in the orthography as // 𐤐𐤏𐤋 : . The old Semitic jussive, which originally differed slightly from the prefix conjugation, is no longer possible to separate from it in Phoenician with the present data.

The non-finite forms are the infinitive construct, the infinitive absolute and the active and passive participles. In the G-stem, the infinitive construct is usually combined with the preposition 𐤋 l- "to", as in 𐤋𐤐𐤏𐤋  "to do"; in contrast, the infinitive absolute 𐤐𐤏𐤋 (paʻōl) is mostly used to strengthen the meaning of a subsequent finite verb with the same root: 𐤐𐤕𐤇 𐤕𐤐𐤕𐤇  "you will indeed open!", accordingly /𐤐𐤏𐤋 𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋 / "you will indeed do!".

The participles had, in the G-stem, the following forms:
Active:
Masculine singular // later // 𐤐𐤏𐤋 , plural // or // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤌
Feminine singular  𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕 , plural  𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕
Passive:
Masculine singular // or // 𐤐𐤏𐤋 , plural // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤌
Feminine singular // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕 , plural // 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤕

The missing forms above can be inferred from the correspondences between the Proto-Northwest Semitic ancestral forms and the attested Phoenician counterparts: the PNWS participle forms are *.

The derived stems are:
 the N-stem (functioning as a passive), e.g. // 𐤍𐤐𐤏𐤋 npʻl, the N-formant being lost in the prefix conjugation while assimilating and doubling the first root consonant 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋 (ypʻl).
 the D-stem (functioning as a factitive): the forms must have been 𐤐𐤏𐤋 /piʻʻil/ in the suffix conjugation, 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋 /yapaʻʻil/ in the prefix conjugation, 𐤐𐤏𐤋 /paʻʻil/ in the imperative and the infinitive construct, 𐤐𐤏𐤋 /paʻʻōl/ in the infinitive absolute and 𐤌𐤐𐤏𐤋 /mapaʻʻil/ in the participle. The characteristic doubling of the middle consonant is only identifiable in foreign alphabet transcriptions.
 the C-stem (functioning as a causative): the original 𐤄 *ha- prefix has produced 𐤉 *yi- rather than the Hebrew ה *hi-. The forms were apparently 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋 /yipʻil/ in the suffix conjugation 𐤀𐤐𐤏𐤋(/ in late Punic), 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋 /yapʻil/ in the prefix conjugation, and the infinitive is also 𐤉𐤐𐤏𐤋 /yapʻil/, while the participle was probably 𐤌𐤐𐤏𐤋 /mapʻil/ or, in late Punic at least, 𐤌𐤐𐤏𐤋 /mipʻil/.

Most of the stems apparently also had passive and reflexive counterparts, the former differing through vowels, the latter also through the infix 𐤕 -t-. The G stem passive is attested as 𐤐𐤉𐤏𐤋 pyʻl,  < *; t-stems can be reconstructed as 𐤉𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋 ytpʻl /yitpaʻil/ (tG) and 𐤉𐤕𐤐𐤏𐤋 yptʻʻl /yiptaʻʻil/ (Dt).

Prepositions and particles
Some prepositions are always prefixed to nouns, deleting, if present, the initial  of the definite article: such are 𐤁 b- "in", 𐤋 l- "to, for", 𐤊 k- "as" and 𐤌 m- // "from". They are sometimes found in forms extended through the addition of 𐤍 -n or 𐤕 -t. Other prepositions are not like that: 𐤀𐤋 "upon", .𐤏𐤃  "until", 𐤀𐤇𐤓  "after", 𐤕𐤇𐤕  "under", 𐤁𐤉𐤍, 𐤁𐤍  "between". New prepositions are formed with nouns: 𐤋𐤐𐤍 lpn "in front of", from 𐤋 l- "to" and 𐤐𐤍 pn "face". There is a special preposited marker of a definite object 𐤀𐤉𐤕  (//?), which, unlike Hebrew, is clearly distinct from the preposition את  (//).

The most common negative marker is 𐤁𐤋  (//), negating verbs but sometimes also nouns; another one is 𐤀𐤉  (//), expressing both nonexistence and the negation of verbs. Negative commands or prohibitions are expressed with 𐤀𐤋  (//). "Lest" is 𐤋𐤌 . Some common conjunctions are 𐤅  (originally perhaps //, but certainly // in Late Punic), "and" 𐤀𐤌  (), "when", and 𐤊  (), "that; because; when". There was also a conjunction 𐤀𐤐/𐤐  ("also". 𐤋  (//) could (rarely) be used to introduce desiderative constructions ("may he do X!"). 𐤋  could also introduce vocatives. Both prepositions and conjunctions could form compounds.

Syntax
The basic word order is verb-subject-object. There is no verb "to be" in the present tense; in clauses that would have used a copula, the subject may come before the predicate. Nouns precede their modifiers, such as adjectives and possessors.

Vocabulary and word formation
Most nouns are formed by a combination of consonantal roots and vocalic patterns, but they can be formed also with prefixes (𐤌 , expressing actions or their results, and rarely 𐤕 ) and suffixes . Abstracts can be formed with the suffix 𐤕 -t (probably , ). Adjectives can be formed following the familiar Semitic nisba suffix  𐤉 y 𐤑𐤃𐤍𐤉 (e.g. ṣdny "Sidonian").

Like the grammar, the vocabulary is very close to Biblical Hebrew, but some peculiarities attract attention. For example, the copula verb "to be" is 𐤊𐤍 kn (as in Arabic, as opposed to Hebrew and Aramaic היה hyh) and the verb "to do" is 𐤐𐤏𐤋 pʿl (as in Aramaic פעל pʿl and Arabic فعل fʿl, as opposed to Hebrew עשה ʿśh, though in Hebrew פעל pʿl has the similar meaning "to act").

Survival and influences of Punic

The significantly divergent later form of the language that was spoken in the Tyrian Phoenician colony of Carthage is known as Punic and remained in use there for considerably longer than Phoenician did in Phoenicia itself by arguably surviving into Augustine of Hippo's time. Throughout its existence, Punic  co-existed with the Berber languages, which were then  native to Tunisia (including Carthage) and North Africa. Punic disappeared some time after the destruction of Carthage by the Romans and the Berbers. It is possible that Punic may have survived the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in some small isolated area: the geographer al-Bakri describes a people speaking a language that was not Berber, Latin or Coptic in the city of Sirte in rural Ifriqiya, a region in which spoken Punic survived well past its written use. However, it is likely that arabization of the Punics was facilitated by their language belonging to the same group (both being Semitic languages) as that of the conquerors and thus having many grammatical and lexical similarities. Most Punic speakers may have been linguistically Berberized and/or Latinized after the fall of Carthage.

The ancient Libyco-Berber alphabet that is still in irregular use by modern Berber groups such as the Tuareg is known by the native name Tifinagh, possibly a derived form of a cognate of the name "Punic". Still, a direct derivation from the Phoenician-Punic script is debated and far from established since the two writing systems are very different. As far as language (not the script) is concerned, some borrowings from Punic appear in modern Berber dialects: one interesting example is agadir "wall" from Punic gader.

Perhaps the most interesting case of Punic influence is that of the name of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, comprising Portugal and Spain), which, according to one of the theories, is derived from the Punic I-Shaphan meaning "coast of hyraxes", in turn a misidentification on the part of Phoenician explorers of its numerous rabbits as hyraxes. Another case is the name of a tribe of hostile "hairy people" that Hanno the Navigator found in the Gulf of Guinea. The name given to those people by Hanno the Navigator's interpreters was transmitted from Punic into Greek as gorillai and was applied in 1847 by Thomas S. Savage to the western gorilla.

Surviving examples
Phoenician, together with Punic, is primarily known from approximately 10,000 surviving inscriptions, supplemented by occasional glosses in books written in other languages. In addition to their many inscriptions, the Phoenicians are believed to have left numerous other types of written sources, but most have not survived.

Roman authors, such as Sallust, allude to some books written in the Punic language, but none have survived except occasionally in translation (e.g., Mago's treatise) or in snippets (e.g., in Plautus' plays). The Cippi of Melqart, a bilingual inscription in Ancient Greek and Carthaginian discovered in Malta in 1694, was the key which allowed French scholar Jean-Jacques Barthélemy to decipher and reconstruct the alphabet in 1758. Even as late as 1837 only 70 Phoenician inscriptions were known to scholars. These were compiled in Wilhelm Gesenius's Scripturae linguaeque Phoeniciae monumenta, which comprised all that was known of Phoenician by scholars at that time.
Some key surviving inscriptions of Phoenician are:

Ahiram sarcophagus
Bodashtart inscriptions
Çineköy inscription
Cippi of Melqart
Mdina Steles
Eshmunazar II sarcophagus
Karatepe
Kilamuwa Stela
Nora Stone
Pyrgi Tablets
Temple of Eshmun

Since bilingual tablets with inscriptions in both Etruscan and Phoenician dating from around 500 BC were found in 1964, more Etruscan has been deciphered through comparison to the more fully understood Phoenician.

See also
Punic language
Phoenician alphabet
Extinct language
List of extinct languages of Asia
Phoenician-Punic literature

References

Sources

Further reading

Fox, Joshua. "A Sequence of Vowel Shifts in Phoenician and Other Languages." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, no. 1 (1996): 37-47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/545378.
Holmstedt, Robert D., and Aaron Schade. Linguistic Studies In Phoenician: In Memory of J. Brian Peckham. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.
Krahmalkov, Charles R. A Phoenician-Punic Grammar. Leiden: Brill, 2001.
Schmitz, Philip C. "Phoenician-Punic Grammar and Lexicography in the New Millennium." Journal of the American Oriental Society 124, no. 3 (2004): 533-47.
Segert, S. A Grammar of Phoenician and Punic. München: C.H. Beck, 1976.

Tomback, Richard S. A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages. Missoula, MT: Scholars Press for the Society of Biblical Literature, 1978.
Tribulato, Olga. Language and Linguistic Contact In Ancient Sicily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Woodard, Roger D. The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Phoenician inscriptions
Canaanite languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Languages attested from the 11th century BC
Languages extinct in the 5th century BC
Languages with own distinct writing systems
Languages of Sicily

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


6:00 Rosary & Litany to St. Mary of the Angels followed with Benediction.
Special spiritual benefits are attached to the designation of a church as a minor basilica.
All Catholics who are properly disposed may seek a plenary indulgence by visiting the Basilica on specified days and by fulfilling the conditions required.
February 14 is a day designated for the plenary Indulgence at our basilica each year.
(One Our Father, One Hail Mary and One Glory be to the Father).
once a year on a day freely chosen by the each of the faithful.
The practice of offering indulgences is directly related to the saving mission of Christ entrusted to the Church and is dependent upon the authority of the Holy Father, who bestows these favors in view of the Passion, Death, Resurrection and Ascension of Christ. The spiritual benefits to be gained unite in charity the members of the Body of Christ, living and dead, and promote renewed repentance and reconciliation with God and with one another. In essence, through the merits of Christ, indulgences foster growth in our baptismal relationship with the Holy Trinity and deepen love of neighbor, living and dead.
An indulgence is a favor granted to an individual by the Church through the merits of Christ that removes, either partially or completely (plenary), the temporal punishment that remains for sins that have been forgiven. Indulgences do not remove sin, that is, the guilt of sin. Serious sin (mortal sin) that has been confessed to a priest with sincere contrition and a resolve to sin no more, is forgiven in the Sacrament of Penance. This Sacrament also removes the eternal punishment that such a grave offence against God would merit. But, once forgiven, the wounds and effects of our sins remain and block the full action of the Holy Spirit within us. The Church teaches that we must undergo temporal punishment in the life or after death, in Purgatory, to remove the effects of sin and prepare us for eternal happiness with God in Heaven. Temporal punishment may be removed now by voluntarily uniting our sufferings in this life with those of Christ and by our prayer and acts of charity. Temporal punishment also may be diminished or removed by a partial or plenary indulgence.
Who can gain an indulgence?
Catholics in full communion with the Church may obtain a plenary indulgence once a day for themselves or for a soul in purgatory by carrying out a specified act of devotion with sincerity and in accord with the conditions set by the Church. Those who seek an indulgence must be earnestly striving to eliminate all attachment to sin, whether mortal or venial.
An act of devotion required to obtain the plenary indulgence attached to this Basilica on the days specified may be a devout visit to the Basilica with recitation of the Lord's Prayer and the Creed. In addition, the visit may include: Mass, Benediction, Liturgy of the Hours, Stations of the Cross, the rosary or another devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, a period of adoration and meditation before the Blessed Sacrament exposed or reposed in the tabernacle or another pious action.


Insider Experiences is one of FEM's fundraising strategies.
By working closely with the communities we team up with, we developed a series of experiences that enhance the obvious "city tour" plan which is commonly offered to the tourists who visit Cartagena. Insider Tours is FEM's tour operator which offers an alternative based in cultural and sustainable turism to the most explorer tourist, the one who wants to go beyond the old town and discover the other side of Cartagena, the lesser-known, who seeks to live an authentic experience and contact with locals and their sourroundings. The cultural experiences offered by Insider Tours move the tourists safely to that hidden universe that conceals the best-kept secrets of Cartagena which they would otherwise miss and in a way that just an insider can offer.
If you are this kind of "explorer tourist" and you seek unique experiences that will make your visit to Cartagena pure inspiration, visit the web page Insider Tours and figure out which one is your ideal route! Remember that every ticket sold includes donations for the hosting community's projects.


text:
Instinkt ist ein Psycho-Thriller von Jon Turteltaub aus dem Jahr 1999. Der Film basiert auf dem Roman Ismael (Originaltitel: Ishmael) von Daniel Quinn und handelt von einem Anthropologen, der unter Gorillas lebt und nach seiner Rückkehr in die Zivilisation für ein Monster gehalten wird. Hauptdarsteller sind Anthony Hopkins und Cuba Gooding Jr.

Handlung
Der Anthropologe Dr. Ethan Powell wird auf Initiative des amerikanischen Außenministeriums aus einem Gefängnis in Ruanda befreit, wo er wegen Mordes verhaftet worden ist. Aber die Freiheit währt nicht lange. Als er in den USA ankommt, rastet er aus und bedroht Polizisten. Daraufhin wird er in ein Hochsicherheitsgefängnis eingeliefert. Ein ehemaliger Kollege will einen Freispruch erreichen, aber es gibt ein Problem: Powell spricht kein einziges Wort. In den letzten Jahren hat er im afrikanischen Dschungel mit Gorillas zusammengelebt und sich ihrer Lebensweise angepasst. Sein Verhalten basiert nur noch auf Instinkten. Die konventionellen Regeln der menschlichen Gesellschaft hat er verdrängt.

Der Psychologe Dr. Theo Caulder nimmt die Herausforderung an. Er will Powell zum Sprechen bringen und sein Verhalten ergründen. Dazu wird er offizieller Mitarbeiter im Gefängnis, wo er es auch mit vielen anderen Fällen geistiger Behinderung zu tun hat. Aber ihn interessiert nur der "Affenmann". Zunächst schweigt Powell auch bei seinen Treffen mit Caulder. Aber mit der indirekten Hilfe von Powells Tochter Lynn gelingt es ihm tatsächlich, dessen Schweigen zu brechen. In den folgenden Gesprächen erfährt er einiges über die Motive und Hintergründe von Powells Verhalten.
Caulder ist dafür bekannt, sich zum scheinbaren Verbündeten und Freund seiner Geisteskranken zu machen. Doch bei Powell ändert sich dies. Er wird nicht nur sein theoretischer Freund, sondern auch sein faktischer. Er wird sogar zu seinem Schüler und macht durch die Sitzungen eine komplette Wendung durch. Er verliert seine einstigen Illusionen, die in jedem "Täter" – soll heißen Mitglied unserer sogenannten "Zivilisation" – stecken.

Caulder findet heraus, dass Powell durch den Kontakt mit den Gorillas deren Lebensweise übernommen hat. Als Wilderer den Spuren, die Powell unabsichtlich hinterließ, folgten und die Affen töteten, versuchte Powell, seine "Familie" zu verteidigen und tötete zwei der Männer. Nachdem er Caulder dies erklärt hat, bewirkt dieser eine Anhörung, um Powell freizubekommen. Doch kurz vor diesem Termin kommt es im Gefängnis zu einem Aufstand, bei dem Powell die anderen Insassen – seine "Familie" – vor dem sadistischen Wärter Dacks zu beschützen versucht. Durch die an den Tag gelegte Gewalt schwinden seine Chancen auf eine Freilassung immens, hinzu kommt, dass Powell dem Sprechen erneut entsagt. Caulder verabschiedet sich von ihm und dankt ihm für die Lektion über das, was im Leben zählt.

Doch Powell gelingt mit Hilfe einiger Mitinsassen die Flucht. Für Caulder hinterlässt er eine Nachricht, in der er diesem dankt, ihn gelehrt zu haben, dass Freiheit tatsächlich existiert ("Sie liegt jenseits der Mauern, die wir selbst errichten.") und ihn wieder mit seiner Tochter zusammengebracht zu haben. Aus der Nachricht kann Caulder wohl nicht auf Powells Aufenthaltsort schließen. Powell hat sich wahrscheinlich vorgenommen, diesmal keine Spuren zu hinterlassen, anhand derer die Täter ihm folgen können. Zitat Caulder: "Sie werden ihn nie finden."

Hintergrund
Die Kritik und Zuschauerrezeption für Instinkt war überwiegend negativ. Der Film spielte ca. 36 Millionen US-Dollar ein – bei Kosten von 80 Millionen.

Kritiken

Auszeichnungen
Genesis Award 2000
Die Deutsche Film- und Medienbewertung FBW in Wiesbaden verlieh dem Film das Prädikat wertvoll.

Literatur
 Daniel Quinn: Ismael. Goldmann, 1994. ISBN 3-442-42376-7

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1999
US-amerikanischer Film
Thriller
Literaturverfilmung
Psychodrama


We also believe in the ability to stand behind these ingredients. Dean has been cooking for over 15 years in Gainesville and has honed his skills enough to be able put that belief to practice. Now we want to share that belief with the people in our community. Our bread and pasta are made from freshly milled flour with no genetically modified ingredients. The bread is made with a natural leaven which has been cared for over a long period of time. Slowing down the bread making process gives it more flavor. It's also healthier. The only ingredients in our bread are flour, filtered water and Himalayan salt. Our pasta is made from organic durum flour which gives it the best possible quality. We hand roll our pasta. We are bringing this product to Gainesville with the most care, the finest ingredients and the best practices possible. It's what we crave and it's what you deserve. Enjoy!


In 2010, Ericsson partnered with the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Millennium Promise to launch "Connect To Learn," an education initiative that has provided scholarships and ICT technologies to schools in remote, impoverished areas worldwide. The project has been implemented in 22 countries and has improved the lives of 50,000 students, especially girls. After deploying 3G networks to eight sites in Northern Ghana SADA with mobile operator Tigo, Ericson has launched Connect To Learn in all 11 of the Millennium Villages in sub Saharan Africa. In other parts of the world, Ericsson has partnered with Mobitel and Open University of Sri Lanka, Ericsson is also providing teenage girls in Sri Lanka's farming communities with ICT and computer literacy education. Myanmar hosts the biggest project to date, with 12000 girls due to benefit in the next 2 years.
Achieving inclusive and equitable quality education for all is critical to creating sustainable and growing societies that enable opportunities for everyone to achieve more. In today's world, that cannot happen without access to ICTs – specifically ubiquitous, robust, and affordable access to the Internet and all of the information that connectivity makes available. Students without this access are at a real disadvantage without the ability to benefit from the most up-to-date content and experiences that are available through the Internet. As part of its affordable access initiative, Microsoft works with partners around the world to deploy cost-effective connectivity solutions for schools and communities to address this problem. Through these projects 104 k-12 schools and 9 universities on 5 continents have been connected to the Internet, covering a population of over 400,000 people. The first of these projects, connecting Gakawa Secondary School in Nanyuki, Kenya, launched in 2013 – connecting its students to the wider world for the first time. According to the school principle, since the program launched "students' academic performance has shot up and their grades improved greatly in National Exams (KCSE) unlike the past." This problem is not only in developing countries. In Virginia, USA, schools are connected, but many students have no connectivity at home to help with homework. The Virginia project is focused on extending the coverage from the schools into the surrounding community.
Camfed is an international non-profit organization tackling poverty and inequality by supporting girls to go to school and succeed, and empowering young women to step up as leaders of change. Pearson partnered with Camfed on a project funded by the UK Department of International Development (DFID), and supported by relevant national Ministries of Education, to transform educational opportunities and outcomes for girls from low-income communities in Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Leveraging one of the company's core areas of expertise, Pearson supported Camfed to develop learning resources, with input from students, that are gender-sensitive and relevant to young people's experiences, future employability, and success. The My Better World curriculum and workbook help students to build self-knowledge, discover their talents, build resilience, select role models, set goals, and learn how to achieve them. Graduates of Camfed's programs in the poorest rural communities are trained to become 'Learner Guides', who serve as young female role models for girls and boys still in school. In 2014, Pearson made a commitment to develop a BTEC – one of the world's most sought after applied learning qualifications – tailored to the unique needs of Learner Guides. 5,000 Learner Guides will have the opportunity to achieve a BTEC, and will teach and mentor over 150,000 girls and boys, using the My Better World curriculum, to help improve their attendance, retention, and learning at secondary school – creating a virtuous cycle of learning and empowerment. The Camfed Learner Guide Program supported by our partnership has so far reached more than 60,744 vulnerable girls in Zimbabwe and Tanzania to enroll in secondary school and empowered over 400,000 girls and boys to improve their educational experience and learning outcomes.
PPL Corporation places an emphasis on pre-school education, particularly in the subjects of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) and low-income student programs. Working closely with one Pennsylvania community partner – Community Services for Children (CSC) – PPL has provided significant funding to provide subsidies and scholarships to low-income students in distressed neighborhoods for high-quality pre-K education programs. Annually, 30 children from low-income households are able to attend Head Start or high-quality pre-k programs.
In addition, PPL worked with CSC to found the Newton School program, which provides high-quality, STEM focused pre-kindergarten education to 20 children annually. Through funding provided by PPL, the program also provides training for early childhood educators to help expand the curriculum beyond the neighborhoods currently served by the CSC schools.
For years, Google has provided free Google App accounts to educational institutions across the Asia Pacific region. For example, Google provides Google Apps and YouTube Live at no cost to the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre, the regional Internet registry in the Asia-Pacific region. In countries like Thailand, the company has partnered with governments to ensure that the technologies disseminate to institutions across the country. Moreover, to ease the transfer process, Google offers technical workshops and consultations to teachers. In 2013, Malaysia received Google Apps for 10 million students, parents, and teachers as well as Chromebooks for its primary and secondary schools. The initiative is part of the country's plan to transform its educational system by providing advanced technological tools to facilitate the learning process and put the country on the path to development.
In 2015, we set a bold hiring and retention goal to achieve full representation of women and underrepresented minorities in Intel's U.S. workforce by 2020. We committed $300 million to support this goal and accelerate diversity and inclusion both at Intel and across the technology industry. We also set a goal to increase our annual spending with certified diverse-owned suppliers to $1 billion by 2020.
Intel has a long history of investing in education to empower people and improve their lives through technology. Our new Intel® Innovation Generation initiative directly responds to Goals 4, 5 and 10, and is focused on expanding access to technology skills and experiences to prepare youth for the jobs of tomorrow and ensure that the next generation of innovators is diverse in terms of geography, economic status, ethnicity, and gender. The Intel Foundation supports strategic funding of evidence-based, data-driven collaborative solutions that advance the inclusion of socially marginalized and disadvantaged groups, creating pathways toward a more just society with opportunities for all.
Promoting technical education and training are core values of Pirelli, ingrained in the company's 140-year history. Technical training is particularly important for Pirelli to create a skilled labour team to optimize factory productivity. From providing automotive maintenance classes in an Egyptian Secondary School, IT training to students in Brazil, extensive teaching programs in Turkey backed by Pirelli volunteers, or scholarships to outstanding management course students at the Qingdao University for Science and Technology in China; Pirelli aims to support employment and education opportunities around the world through its various programs and collaborations that uphold its brand DNA of excellence and innovation.
Pearson's 'Every Child Learning' partnership with Save the Children. Through Pearson's Every Child Learning partnership, they are funding Save the Children, an international non-profit organization helping children in need around the world, to establish two informal education centers in Amman, Jordan. These centers expect to support 1,400 Syrian refugees and host community children aged between 5 and 13 years old to integrate into the formal education system. Pearson is also investing £1 million in the co-creation of new product and program solutions to improve the quality of education for refugee and host community children in Jordan. The ambition is that solutions can be adapted, scaled, and replicated in other emergency and conflict-affected contexts. In 2015,Pearson conducted in-depth field research in Jordan to understand how Syrian and Jordanian families engage with educational resources in times of conflict-affected transition. The research will provide insights into our solutions development process, helping ensure that any intervention we develop is beneficial and relevant to the unique needs of Syrian refugee and host community children.
Novozymes works with various educational institutions around the world through its "Citizymes" program to provide biotechnology education to learners of all ages in efforts to promote sustainable development and environmental responsibility. Its Citizymes project has reached 123,000 learners since its start in 2011. Novozymes has strengthened its commitment to education with a new target to educate one million people about the potential of biology from 2015 to 2020. In Brazil, partnering with the Municipal Department of Education in Araucaria, "Biotechnology goes to school" has to date reached over 3500 students and teachers. It is now bringing the SDGs to the attention of young people and is partnering with SESI (Federation of Industries of the State of Paraná (FIEP)). By the end of 2016 "EDUCATE" Brazil will develop three interactive digital books in areas related to Biology, Biotechnology and Sustainability that will be made available in Portuguese, Spanish or English and free of charge at app stores, through partnership with StoryMax. In India, Novozymes organized "Voice for Biotech," a public-speaking competition that gives university students the opportunity to present on biotechnology's role in food security, biofuels, healthcare, and other areas. The first competition in 2013 had 2500 participants from 68 universities across the country. Winners were awarded cash prizes and internships at Novozymes' R&D facility in Bangalore.
IBM has partnered with RTI International, a leading non-profit research institute, to improve development approaches in Africa through data analytics. By employing advanced technologies, researchers hope to capture data that would provide insight to policy leaders for more sustainable programs and sounder investments. IBM and RTI are launching an initiative in Mombasa County, Kenya to help transform the education system. Working with the Kenyan Ministry of Education and USAID, teachers, principals and administrators in more than 100 schools will be provided with tablet devices that will capture data about students and the facilities. From the information acquired, leaders will have a better understanding of current progress and challenges as well as be able to offer recommendations for improvement.


From our modest beginnings we have expanded to become one of Central Florida's largest Smoke Shop. Our focus is on the newest smoking technology created using only high quality materials and made available here for the best price anywhere. By offering some of the most trusted brands and well-known artists in the industry we have built a huge selection of tobacco and smoking accessories capable of meeting everyone's needs. With hassle free returns, discount prices and free gifts. I am sure that we are your go to shop! So far we have served more than 100,000 satisfied customers. Are you next?


text:
import { module, test } from 'qunit';
import { setupRenderingTest } from 'ember-qunit';
import { render } from '@ember/test-helpers';
import { hbs } from 'ember-cli-htmlbars';

module('Integration | Modifier | initialized-print-this', function (hooks) {
  setupRenderingTest(hooks);

  test('it gives the element back to the callback on render', async function (assert) {
    assert.expect(1);

    this.set('callback', (elm: Element) => {
      assert.strictEqual(elm.tagName, 'PRINT-THIS');
    });

    await render(
      hbs`<print-this {{initialized-print-this this.callback}}></print-this>`
    );
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I was recently working with one of my children to help them understand prime numbers, and discovered the concept of prime links (aka prime knots). I had no idea what these were at the time. Quite simply, prime links are comprised of geometrically closed loops that cannot be created by a smaller number of geometrically closed loops. They are the geometric equivalent of prime numbers.
Borromean rings consist of three rings linked in such a way that the removal of any one link results in two un-linked rings. They are an example of a 3-1 prime link. The significance of this symbol goes beyond mathematics. Its influence can be found in religion, physics, chemistry, ancestry, art.
I had an epiphany when I read the definitions*… this symbol has significance to the rules that product development professionals try to live by. It illustrates the importance of balance between 3 usually independent variables (or competing interests). If we are mindful of this concept and symbol when collaborating with team members, partners, and suppliers, we can lead them (and ourselves) to a balanced outcome.
Remember not to break any one of the links, or the other two will fall apart!


text:
Settled Science
Global Warming is settled science, right?
So is Global Cooling - there have been ice ages and many learned scientists say that if it was not for human-generated activity we'd be in the middle of an ice age again. --So, you're welcome. Chicago is not under three miles of solid ice because me and those like me are driving gas-guzzling trucks.
Of course the rant had to change to "climate change" because the climate always changes and "weather" because that changes too based on a number of variables which are poorly understood - manly based on both the sun and the regions of space that we are hurtling through. "Climate change" is much easier to prove than global warming/cooling because it changes every year to one degree or another. ("settled science" doesn't predict accurately the degree to which it will change and on which part of the globe)
Nearly 1,000 feet below the bed of the Dead Sea, scientists have found evidence that during past warm periods, the Mideast has suffered drought on scales never recorded by humans. Thick layers of crystalline salt show that rainfall plummeted to as little as a fifth of modern levels some 120,000 years ago, and again about 10,000 years ago.
Deep below the seabed, drilling revealed thick layers of salt, precipitated out during past warm, dry periods. In this specimen, transparent crystals (right) formed on what was then the bottom during winter; finer white ones (right) formed on the water surface in summer and later sank.
Yael Kiro, Steven L. Goldstein, Javier Garcia-Veigas, Elan Levy, Yochanan Kushnir, Mordechai Stein, Boaz Lazar. Relationships between lake-level changes and water and salt budgets in the Dead Sea during extreme aridities in the Eastern Mediterranean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2017; 464: 211 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.01.043
Thus, in the past, drought has plagued the desert worse than it does today -- times in the past when there were no humans. However, now that there are humans, the drought has returned to the Middle East and the fault inevitably lies with the United States of America, which needs to make massive financial reparations to the rest of the world. Or so-said Barack Obama, who bowed meekly and accepted the blame on our behalf. Thanks Barack.
The landlocked Dead Sea, straddling Israel, Jordan and Palestinian lands, is earth's lowest spot on land. Its current shoreline lies about 1,300 feet below sea level, and its floor extends down another 900 feet. Fed mainly by the Jordan River drainage, which extends also into Syria and Lebanon, it is a dead end for water, and so is extremely salty; its Biblical name in Hebrew is Y'm ha-Melah, the sea of salt. In recent years, its level has dropped about four feet a year. But hot, dry weather is not the main cause yet; rather, booming populations in the region need more water than ever, and people are sucking so much from the watershed, very little reaches the Dead Sea, where evaporation is outweighing input.
Israel (the country without oil) is meeting its demand by desalinating Mediterranean seawater.
The Arabs (the ones with oil) are sucking the water from the ground and are exacerbating the problem. To alleviate growing water shortages, Jordan plans to break ground next year on a canal to bring in water from the Red Sea for desalination; leftover brine would be dumped into the Dead Sea, possibly stabilizing its level. But the project is controversial, because it could cause drastic environmental changes in both seas, and could still leave much of the rest of the region with inadequate water.
Make of all this what you will. Environmentalists are predicting looming disaster. But then again, that's how they make a living---as they struggle, reconciling 'settled science'.
The war against the weather continues, however, the funding from the Trump Administration to fight it, has ended.


text:
Annabel Bowlen (Pat Bowlen's Wife) Age, Husband, Family, Biography & More
Profession/Designation Canadian Chief Executive Officer in National Football League
Famous For Being the wife of Pat Bowlen, the majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL)
Date of Birth November 16, 1952
Birthplace Edmonton, Canada
Zodiac sign/Sun sign Scorpio
Hometown Edmonton, Canada
School Not Known
College/University University of Alberta, Canada
Educational Qualification A Bachelor Degree
Hobbies Reading and Traveling
Relationships & More
Husband/Spouse Pat Bowlen (Majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL))
Children Sons- John Bowlen,
Patrick Bowlen
Daughters- Brittany Bowlen,
Annabel Bowlen (Named After her mother),
Christiana Bowlen
Parents Father- Name Not Known
Mother- Joan Spencer
Siblings Brother- Richard Spencer
Sister- None
Favorite Food Italian Cuisine
Favorite Actor Tom Hanks
Favorite Actress Emma Stone
Favorite Color(s) Blue and White
Favorite Destination London
Net Worth (approx.) $1 billion (as in 2018)
Some Lesser Known Facts About Annabel Bowlen
Annabel Bowlen is a former Figure Skater and Skating Trainer.
For some years, she has been suffering from Alzheimer's disease. She was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease.
Her husband has also suffered from this disease.
The Bowlen family is supporting the funding and research of the disease.
In 1969, she founded the Cherish the Children Guild, an organization that served as the charitable arm of the Beacon Youth & Family Center, and helped raise funds for the Center while providing mental health services for families.
Her father had also suffered from the same disease.
Her mother, Joan Spencer, was an aircraft pilot during World War II. [1]Heightline
Her husband, Pat Bowlen has also served as the Attorney of Edmonton.
From 1984 to 2014, her husband, Pat Bowlen was the major shareholder in the National Football League.
Pat met Annabel when she was a figure skater and grade school teacher in Edmonton, Canada.
Her husband, Pat Bowlen is a principal owner of Denver Broncos, a professional American Football Team.
Now, Bowlen lives with her husband in Prairie du Chien (a city in Wisconsin, USA).
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1. ↑ Heightline