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11 Best Rated MPPT & PWM Solar Charge Controllers – Buyer's Guide
Published by Lexie Thorne at January 11, 2021
W hen installing a solar structure, it is significant not to forget that you will need a device to guarantee that the energy collected by the panels reaches the batteries in a safe way. Thus, the scheme should comprise a charge controller that can handle possible electric flaws and prevent energy leaks.
In the comparison table below, you will find some of the best models obtainable in the current market, along with their most important specifications. Also, this article includes reviews, pros, and cons for each product, so you can easily decide on the model that suits you best.
If you are looking for a way to enjoy the benefits of renewable energy while on the go, check out our selection of portable solar generator kits. They will help you deposit the energy collected through solar panels and even transform it with the help of an inverter so you can use it for your home appliances.
Top 11 Charge Controllers Comparison
Grounding Type
Nominal System Voltage
Rated Discharge Current
Max Gauge Size
Best Overall 1. Outback Flexmax 80 FM80 MPPT Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries Negative 12/24/36/48/60V 80A 4AWG 5-year Check Price at Amazon
Best for RV 2. Morningstar TS-45 TriStar 45 Amp PWM Lead acid, AGM sealed batteries No ground terminal 12/24/48V 45A 2AWG 5-year Check Price at Amazon
Editor's Choice 3. SolarEpic MPPT 40A Solar MPPT Sealed, Gel, Flooded and User-defined Batteries Negative 12/24V 40A 6AWG 2-year Check Price at Amazon
4. Victron BlueSolar MPPT MPPT Flooded, AGM or lithium batteries Negative 12/24V 30A 6AWG 5-year Check Price at Amazon
5. Renogy Tracer 4210 40 Amp MPPT MPPT Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries Negative 12/24V 40A 4AWG 1-year Check Price at Amazon
6. PowMr 30A MPPT Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries Negative 12/24V 30A 4AWG 3-year Check Price at Amazon
Best for Lithium Batteries 7. HQST PWM Controller PWM Sealed, Gel, Flooded, Lead-Acid, and Lithium Batteries Positive 12/24V 30A 8-12 AWG 1-year Check Price at Amazon
Best for the Money 8. The Renogy Wanderer — 30A PWM PWM Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries Negative 12V 30A Up to 4 AWG 1-year Check Price at Amazon
9. XCSOURCE Intelligent 30A PWM Solar Panel PWM Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries Negative 12/24V 30A 10AWG Check Price at Amazon
10. GHB 20A 12V 24V Solar PWM Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries Negative 12V 20A 11-15 AWG 1-year Check Price at Amazon
11. Y-Solar Solar Panel Battery Controller PWM Lead acid batteries: OPEN, AGM, GEL No ground terminal 12/24V 30A N/A 1-year; 45-day money back Check Price at Amazon
Is it conceivable to shove an entire energy system in a case and take it with you during your RV trips? It is. See our portable solar power kit ranking and reviews to discover a reliable source of energy that will make your travels more comfortable.
1. Outback Flexmax 80 FM80
Outback Flexmax 80 FM80
Technology: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Compatibility: Sealed, Gel, and Flooded Batteries
Nominal System Voltage: 12/24/36/48/60V
Rated Discharge Current: 80A
Input PV Voltages: 150VDC open circuit for charging battery banks from 12-60VDC
Operating Temperature: Up to 104F
Display: 80 character-display
Highlights: Ground-breaking FLEXmax MPPT software algorithm
If you have decided to install a large power system that includes several panels and can harvest a lot of energy, you will need a device that can process a charge of these proportions. In this direction, this model is among the few that can meet both the performance and safety requirements to keep your system functioning efficiently with minimal energy waste. It is created by a dependable brand and is backed by last-generation technology that guarantees a longer life for the battery.
The revolutionary FLEXmax MMPT algorithm allows it to scan the solar array and find the points where the utmost combination of voltage and current is attained. This is important, as temporary clouding or shades can concentrate it only on some spots on the panel, thus reducing the overall power that is generated. By using this strategy, this unit can raise the PV array power harvest by 30%, which is a great bonus when dealing with large systems.
It also offers intelligent cooling control, as well as active cooling, which is essential in keeping the device running in high-temperature conditions. Thus, it can deal with ambient temperatures of up to 104F.
Regarding its capacity, it was created to work with many panels and large batteries. Thus, it can handle nominal system voltages of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 volts and can discharge a current of 80 amperes. It easily connects to 4AWG wires and presents negative grounding. Moreover, it is equipped with multiple safety functions, intended to maintain it and the system functioning in optimal parameters all the time.
A great bonus is the incorporated backlit display, which can use up to 80 characters to show essential information. Nonetheless, what's even more remarkable is that it can store the data for up to 128 days, so you can monitor your system's performance.
You will also get a 5-year service contract, which is super generous.
Advanced MMPT technology
Integrated display
Temperature management allows it to reach maximum performance even at high ambient temperatures
Increases solar array output by 30%
Among the strongest models available today, it offers both impeccable functionality and the resources for you to keep track of its efficiency. The display with memory function is a great addition that will help you understand how your power system works and make decisions to turn it into an even more effective one. One more thing to add, the thermal management function helps it run in heat conditions, and, combined with the revolutionary technology that stands behind it, helps increase the PV output by 30%.
2. Morningstar TS-45 TriStar 45 Amp
Morningstar TS-45 TriStar 45 Amp
Technology: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Compatibility: Lead acid, AGM sealed batteries
Nominal System Voltage: 12/24/48V
Input PV Voltages: 125VDC
Display: Sold separately (LCD)
Highlights: 8 LEDs, Programmable Lighting Control
This model is matching with lead-acid and AGM sealed batteries that have a nominal value of 12, 24, or 48 volts. It works on the PMW technology and offers three operating modes, namely battery charging, diversion management, and load restrain. Although you can only use one function at a time, if your large power system requires two or all of them, you can opt to buy multiple units and get all these modes covered.
The large heat sink and overspec'd parts guarantee that the unit can carry the highest charge without a problem. The unit also comes with numerous protection features designed to shield the system against short circuits, excessive temperatures, overcurrent, and reverse polarity. It can operate at temperatures of up to 113F.
It incorporates an RS-232 port, which enables you to connect it to a computer and track the data it collects, as well as to handle custom settings and data logging. You can also opt for a meter display, which unfortunately isn't included in the price, and check the information without having to link the unit to a computer. Thus, you can easily select one of the 7 digital presets for DIP switches.
It has a fanless design and comes with low telecom noise, which can ensure the transition between PWM and on-off charging. Moreover, the device is covered by a generous 5-year service contract, so even if you will encounter a malfunction, you will be able to deal with it charge-free.
Optional on-board meter and remote meter
It provides extra bending room for large wires
Built for mechanical fit on Xantrex power panel or Outback PSDC
Easy to reset
If you are looking to acquire a device that offers charging and load control regulation, take a look at this unit. It is an efficient model that comes with a full-function tri-color LED system display and an RS-23 port. Additionally, it is very easy to use and it is covered by a 5-year service contract.
3. SolarEpic MPPT 40A Solar
SolarEpic MPPT 40A Solar
Compatibility: Sealed, Gel, Flooded and User-defined Batteries
Nominal System Voltage: 12/24V
Operating Temperature: N/A
Display: Sold separately
Highlights: Dot matrix graphic LCD screen, human-machine interface with key, Light control
A powerful model that would easily handle high electrical charges, it matches systems with a peak 150V PV input. The RS-485 port allows for easy installation and programming as it can quickly be connected to a computer. As expected, it integrates multiple protection functions that have the purpose of shielding the battery and prolonging its life.
It is matching with panels that have a power of up to 600W, and in this case, it connects to a battery system of 12 V, or with 1,200W panels and 24 V battery systems. The discharge current is 40 amperes. It presents negative grounding and is matching with 6AWG wires. Regarding battery compatibility, it can connect to sealed, flooded, gel, and User-defined models. It is backed by a 2-year service contract.
Innovative technology reduces energy waste
Multiple protection features guard it against overcharging or overheating
Can work with systems that include up to 1,200W panel energy
Self-diagnostic function warrants that the installation process doesn't result in errors and system faults
You have to buy an MT-50 remote meter separately
Poor instructions
Compared to its competitors, it uses a smart tracking algorithm, which helps it make the most of the energy delivered by the panel. Also, it comes with a low voltage disconnect function, which helps it prevent the battery from over-discharging.
4. Victron BlueSolar MPPT
Victron BlueSolar MPPT
Compatibility: Flooded, AGM or lithium batteries
Input PV Voltages: 100 VDC
Highlights: Intelligent battery management
What distinguishes this model from all the other top-quality alternatives is its ability to connect to a computer or phone through Bluetooth. Thus, both the programming and diverse monitoring operations can be managed from the distance, and there's no need for you to invest in a monitor. Nonetheless, note that you will need to acquire and install a Bluetooth dongle for this feature to become functional. The company supplies the software free of charge.
Regarding its capacity, it is able to handle medium-size systems with a power of 450W or 900W that boost 12V or 24V respectively. The rated current is 30A and it works with three types of batteries, namely lithium, AGM, and flooded. Furthermore, it employs MPPT technology, which means that your system will remain efficient even in shade conditions.
The company offers a long 5-year service contract.
Fast MPPT technology
Easy to operate due to Bluetooth compatibility
Backed by an attractive service contract
Offers day/night timing
The manual can be a bit confusing
It lacks an output for unused DC power
Starting from the sturdy casing and carefully crafted parts and ending with the high-speed technology and smart options, this unit is one of the cleverest investments you could make. It is dependable and highly-efficient in keeping your battery safe while making the most of the energy collected.
5. Renogy Tracer 4210 40 Amp MPPT
Renogy Tracer 4210 40 Amp MPPT
Operating Temperature: 95F to 131F
Highlights: High tracking efficiency of 99%
By using the 40 Amp MPPT, you will be able to amplify the efficiency by up to 30% by enlarging the solar panel yield to the battery bank. In short words, it can reduce the number of panels required by up to 30%. In fact, it's significant to know that it works on a state-of-the-art MPPT technology, which will optimize the use of the PV system.
It presents electronic protection features and reverse protection, including PV reverse polarity and battery reverse polarity defense. It can revise the variables automatically to improve battery life.
It is matching with gel, flooded, and sealed batteries that can have a nominal value of 12V or 24 V. The rated charge current is 40 amps. The highest solar input voltage it can resist is 100VDC. It presents negative grounding and fits 4AWG wires. Furthermore, the company offers a service assurance that extends for 1 year from the date of purchase and covers all possible material and processing errors except for the ones resulted from incorrect handling of the product.
Excellent protection against over-discharging, load short circuit, etc.
Can correct the variables to expand battery life
Advanced MPPT technology
Detailed installation and operating guidebook
It doesn't allow regulating the parameters for the type of battery connected. It only offers the possibility to select from AGM, Gel, and FLA
It may interfere with your radio systems
Created for medium or small systems, this model can help you get more energy by offering a peak conversion effectiveness of 97% and a high tracking performance of 99%. It integrates all the essential mechanisms to prevent accidents that can lead to battery destruction like overcharging or short circuits, and, besides that, it is easy to install by using the provided user manual.
6. PowMr 30A
PowMr 30A
Input PV Voltages: 50VDC
Highlights: Floating charge Voltage, Load Mode
This unit comes with a 12V/24V system. Due to its LCD feature that allows you to see and adjust the voltage according to your needs, it is extremely easy to operate. It is a 4-stage model that includes 4 different settings. Along with these, it also comes with a commercial-grade STM 8 microprocessor that extends the battery life. It is well-protected. It features 8 PWM safety features, including memory protection, overheat, and dual MOSFET reverse current. The minimum level of the reached temperature is -35C, and the top reached level is +60C.
It works with three types of batteries, namely sealed, gel, and flooded, and is matching with negative grounding systems, which are the most customary and pose the lowest risk of malfunction. It connects through 4AWG wires and is easy to install if you follow the provided connection diagram. In case you encounter any fabrication material flaws or process errors, the company will handle them for 3 years from the moment of the acquisition.
Multiple protection features
Backlight LCD
Protected by a generous service contract
Compatible with most AGM and lead-acid batteries, this model is both versatile and easy to use. The company provides a diagram that will help you make the right connections without getting confused or losing a lot of time wondering where the wires go. Besides, paralleled to other MPPT systems, it comes at a very reasonable price.
7. HQST PWM Controller
HQST PWM Controller
Compatibility: Sealed, Gel, Flooded, Lead-Acid, and Lithium Batteries
Input PV Voltages: 55 VDC
Display: Dot matrix graphic LCD screen
Highlights: Dot matrix graphic LCD screen, human-machine interface with key , Light control
This model by HQST has become a very popular option due to its easy-to-read and use LCD. It comes with a 5V 1A USB output, so you can confidently use it to charge your devices such as phones, tablets, laptops, and more. Compared to many other similar controllers, this 30A Amp model features a dot matrix graphic LCD that will make operation much easier. The LCD is very easy to use and navigate. Like its above competitors, it offers overcharge, over-discharge, overload, reverse connection, as well as short circuit. Moreover, there is a light control feature. In simple terms, the light source will be turned off mechanically when daylight begins. Additionally, the batteries will be charged. Conversely, if there is no daylight, the light source will switch on without human intervention.
A nice bonus offered by this system is that it can help charge lithium batteries, noting that most models with sealed, gel, and flooded (it is compatible with the latter models as well). We've also appreciated the industrial design that allows you to use it in tougher conditions and the 1-year service contract, offered for possible manufacturing flaws.
Customized LCD display screen
Multifunctional controller
Multiple electric protections
The charging variables can be automatically adjusted
The programming instructions are a bit difficult to understand
The modes are not as intuitive as expected
It is a multifunctional unit that comes with an easy-to-read LCD and a lot of load working modes that facilitate the device's operation. It has light control and a convenient interface that will help you go through its functions and modes.
8. Renogy Wanderer — 30A PWM
Renogy Wanderer — 30A PWM
Nominal System Voltage: 12V
Operating Temperature: 20F to 113 F
Display: LCD (not included)
Highlights: LED Indicators , RTS port
This is an innovative negative-ground model, which is built for off-grid solar uses and works with a 12V battery. Its main objective is to amplify battery life and enhance system performance. It integrates electronic protection functions, including overcharging, overload, short-circuit, and reverse polarity defense. In fact, it has 4 Stage PWM charging that will prevent the batteries from overcharging and over-discharging. It also features fully extensive self-diagnostics, which will prevent damage from system faults.
It provides a discharge current of 30A and has negative grounding. It can work in ambient temperature conditions of up to 113F and is compatible with wires that have a limit gauge size of 4AWG. Additionally, it is covered by a 1-year service contract through which the company promises to handle any flaws resulted from the fabrication process, irrespective if they have to do with the materials or processing.
Compatible with sealed, gel, and flooded batteries
Multiple PWM modes solve a series of problems that may occur in the process
Resistant to high temperatures
The housing is made of plastic, which isn't the sturdiest one
The connectors are rather sensitive, so you need to tighten them with care, otherwise, you may bend or break them
It incorporates electronic protection functions and LED indicators that are expressly made to announce to you the status of the device. Though the casing is made of plastic, there were almost no reports of it not passing the test of time, and the good price surely compensates for this small downside.
9. XCSOURCE Intelligent 30A PWM Solar Panel
XCSOURCE Intelligent 30A PWM Solar
Input PV Voltages: N/A
Highlights : 2 digital LEDs display, one-button operation, 5 load working modes
Based on an advanced microprocessor and dedicated control calculation, this model ensures a lot of benefits, including a more precise and reliable performance, more precise tracking of different battery charging states, and more precise implementing of various protection mechanisms, which are obligatory for every PWM controller, such as battery overcharging, discharging, reverse polarity, and short-circuit protection. Besides, it provides perfected charging efficiency and fewer voltage drops. Its LED screens report the current operation state in real-time, and the battery life is longer compared to the other PWM models.
It matches gel, sealed, and flooded batteries, and you can use connectors size 10AWG and under to set it up. It also fits systems with negative grounding. Regarding its capacity, it works with 12V or 24V systems and has a rated current discharge value of 30A. The 5 preset modes make the programming easier, and the operations more user-friendly. Furthermore, the company offers a warranty, but you will have to contact it for details as neither the period nor the conditions are specified.
Preset modes allow for easy operation
Large diameter wire terminal
Includes a set of protection features, designed to prolong the life of the battery
Intuitive LED system allows you to track the parameters with ease
Suitable only for small systems
The user manual is a bit confusing
The fact that it uses a microprocessor is a major perk as it provides precision and excellent reliability. Another important factor to consider is that it comes with a LED screen that will provide information about the current operation state in real-time.
10. GHB 20A 12V 24V Solar
GHB 20A 12V 24V Solar
Highlights: Protection function , temperature sensor
This is a user-friendly microcontroller that will easily handle small solar systems. The LCD is clearer, more beautiful, and more modern as well. The unit has an output switch, intelligent control, and it is easy to manage. You can easily use the PWM&WPC mode to improve the system efficiency and prolong the lifespan of the battery.
It integrates the following protection functions: lightning, overcharging, under-voltage, overload, short circuit, and reverse polarity protection. It also has the subsequent technical specifications: USB output voltage: 5V; rated discharge current: 20A; DC output voltage: 12V; Total USB output current: 3A.
It works with flooded, gel, and sealed batteries, and the terminals will accommodate wires 11 to 15AWG. You just need to pay a little attention when making the connections to match the + and – ports, otherwise, you may deal with a reversed connection and damage the load.
Great protection functions
Output switch
Intelligent control
The PWM and WPC mode enhances system efficiency and prolongs the life span of the battery
The LCD isn't backlit, so it may be difficult to read in poor light conditions
It comes with a plethora of protection functions and an LCD that allows you to get all the data without having to buy a remote meter or connect it to your computer. It is also worth mentioning that it is one of the most affordable controllers out there.
11. Y-Solar Solar Panel
Y-Solar Solar Panel
Compatibility: Lead acid batteries: OPEN, AGM, GEL
Highlights: Load mode
Warranty: 1-year; 45-day money back
It has been crafted with dual USB ports. The USB output is 5V/2A, and auto can reach a rate of 12V/24V. The rated discharge current is 30A. You will be able to adjust the modes according to your needs. Additionally, you don't have to worry about the efficiency of the item due to the fact that it has protection to ensure longevity.
Once the voltage drops below 8V, the unit will turn itself off. Moreover, it has short circuit, open-circuit, reverse, and over-load protection. This means that you will have the freedom to use it for home, commercial, and industrial purposes. By considering this model, you will be protected for 1 year.
Easy to set up by beginners
Designed with automatic shut-off
The settings are straightforward
Numerous electric protection features
No connectors included
The display shows only the voltage and not the amps
The reason why we recommend this model is that it's easy to be controlled by beginners. The large LED display will indicate the status and the data that you need to switch the option to make it work as you need.
Why You Should Use a Controller
Increasingly more people choose to charge their batteries with a controller these days, due to various reasons. Anytime you use a panel that has an over 5W output, it is highly recommended to use one, as it protects your battery against several possible system flaws.
Here are some advantages that come with this type of device:
It averts overcharge
It also may protect against overvoltage, which can considerably reduce battery functioning or lifespan and may pose a safety risk. It will analyze the voltage of a solar panel at certain times, and then it will bring it down to a safe level.
It improves charge quality
These units come pre-programmed with modifiable setpoints that can easily be edited and adjusted according to the user's needs. Thus, they are a good match for both beginners and experts in the solar charging field, as the beginners can use the preset functions and get safe charging, while the professionals can adjust them to match more complex systems.
It prevents battery discharge in low or no light conditions
These innovative units can also prevent complete drainage of the battery, or execute controlled discharges, depending on the technology used, to protect the battery life. This is predominantly true for MPPT systems, which scan the solar array and identify the points that concentrate the best match between current and voltage. Thus, even in the shade, the battery gets the energy it needs.
How do Controllers for Batteries Work?
Their main function is to ensure that the current that reaches the battery matches its capacity, so no overcharging occurs. Besides these, many models offer additional functions that protect the battery and prolong its life, so let's take a brief look at them:
Overload protection – it appears when a circuit faces a higher current flow than it can handle. This can be caused by a short circuit in the wires or a faulty consumer. This function protects the system from overheating, which can lead to a fire.
Overcharge security – Each battery has its limit when it comes to storing energy, and when this limit is attained, it is considered that the battery is full. Nonetheless, if more energy is sent toward the battery after this limit, the high voltage inside it can cause the water to separate into oxygen and hydrogen and start bubbling. Too much water is lost, and this can make the battery to degrade or even cause a small explosion. Controllers keep an eye on the charging process and cut the flow of energy when the limit is attained. Then, they send smaller quantities as the battery starts to discharge to maintain it full.
Reverse current protection – this phenomenon usually happens at night or in poor light conditions, when the panels don't longer collect enough energy to feed the battery. In this case, they may start drawing energy from the battery, making the process more inefficient. Controllers use a semiconductor that ensures the current goes only in one way and cannot return to the panel.
Useful Buying Guide
Before acquiring a controller, it is significant to understand the value and importance of these innovative units. They work as regulators. They help to control the extent of voltage or current that crosses the system. These devices regulate the volume of voltage and current that comes from the panels and travels to the battery. Most batteries need 14 to 14.5 volts to be able to reach a fully charged state. Here are some important things you need to take into consideration before buying an item like this.
Key types to consider
The units available differ in shape, size, and features. For example, the simplest unit is 4.5-amp. However, you also have the option to choose an 80 amp MPPT programmable model, which is among the largest models.
1- or 2-stage models are the simplest versions. They have relays or shunt transistors that control the voltage in just 2 easy steps. The unit disconnects the panel when a parameter reaches a specific level. Consequently, the flow will be stopped, and the battery will be protected. This is a very basic and reliable solution. There are also PWM or 3-stage charge models. This is the industry-standard style.
MPPT units are also known as multiple power point tracking systems, and they are, without a doubt, the highest-end units available. They are more high-priced than the other models, but they are worth every penny, since they provide great efficiency, more reliability, and they also allow for more programmable options, including those that are specifically designed to interact with computer interfaces.
Voltage considerations
Depending on what type of panels you use, it is significant to consider the voltage to choose the right controller. A 12V unit is a common option. Lots of these units have a rated voltage of 12V or 24V, and they tend to have a voltage of resume power supply of 11.8V or 23.6V and a rated charging current of 10A. It is strongly recommended to follow the instructions on the existing unit to establish the necessary voltage. Too little or too much voltage can damage the battery.
What size charge controller do I need?
There's a simple way to find out. Just multiply the number of panels you have installed with the number of watts they feature. To get the number of amperes, divide this result by the voltage of your battery. Add 25% to this number to leave some space for your controller to work in cold conditions, and that's it.
Here's an example. Let's say you have three 140-watt panels. 3 multiplied by 140 equals 420 watts. Divide 420 watts by 12 volts (assuming this is your battery), and you get 35 amps. Now, add 25% to this number. That would be 35 plus 8.75, which equals 43.75. Round up. You will need a 45A controller.
How many panels can a controller handle?
It isn't the number of panels that determine the size of the controller but the total amount of energy they can deliver. Thus, for a 45-amp total panel output, you will need a 60-amp controller, but this output can be divided among two or more panels.
What is meant by MPPT?
It stands for maximum power point tracking, which is a more sophisticated technology compared to PWM. These models sweep through the panel voltage to find the best blend of current and voltage and deliver the highest power available, no matter the weather conditions or the time of the day. Thus, they increase the amount of power produced by up to 30% compared to a PWM model.
What is meant by PWM?
It means pulse width modulation, and this method functions by creating a direct link between the solar array and the battery. Thus, it modulates the battery charging by using a switch, which remains open until the battery is fully charged. When this phase is reached, the switch works intermittently to maintain a constant voltage.
Which is better PWM or MPPT?
While MPPT models make the most of the energy gathered by the panels, PWM models tend to waste energy, as they pull down the panel voltage to make it match the battery voltage. Thus, in terms of efficiency, MPPT units are considered more efficient. They are a better pick, especially when dealing with more than one solar panel.
Does a charge controller drain the battery?
If it functions properly, it is highly improbable that this will happen. In fact, these devices are used to avert both overcharging of the battery and battery drain during the night when the panel doesn't get solar energy.
Can you use a controller without a battery?
It is designed specifically for charging batteries, so the answer is no. On the other hand, if you are looking to power some equipment directly from the panel, you can use a voltage regulator that will transform the DC produced by the solar panel into DC that can be used by home equipment.
Can I connect the solar panel directly to the battery?
This is possible, although not recommended. If there isn't a device between the source and the battery, the voltage produced by the panel cannot be adjusted, and the first phenomenon that appears, in this case, is battery overcharging, which can lead to battery damage.
If you have decided to set up a medium or large-size solar system, then installing a charge controller between the solar panel and your batteries is essential. It will guarantee the integrity of the connections and protect the battery against possible electric flaws.
These being said, at the end of our ranking, let's do a short recap and see which models distinguished themselves through impressive qualities.
Best Overall: Outback Flexmax 80 FM80
A highly-dependable model that can handle high currents and protect large systems, it uses maximum power point tracking technology to collect energy more efficiently and deliver more amperes inside the battery. It incorporated an 80-character display, which is backlit for easy reading and offers info about the parameters in a facile manner.
It can be used for both residential and commercial purposes, especially as it comes with an integrated 128-day data logging output, which means that it will store the system data so you can compare them and determine the overall efficiency of your system.
Editor's Choice: SolarEpic MPPT 40A Solar
This unit's functioning is impressive, and it boasts solid construction. The installation is easy to understand, but to get the most out of it, you should also consider buying the remote display. It is one of the models that work both on 12 and 24V systems. Similar to its above competitor, it supports well 4 types of batteries, including sealed, gel, flooded, or USER batteries. Besides, it is equipped with timer control and intelligent lighting that will let you know when changes regarding the charging process are made.
Best Charge Controller for RV: Morningstar TS-45 TriStar 45 Amp
It presents a special port that allows you to connect it to a computer or a smartphone and set the desired parameters, as well as to inspect and store data about the system's functioning. It includes multiple protection settings and won't allow for the battery to overcharge or be affected by possible short circuits. Besides, it is protected by a generous warranty, and the company is very responsive, according to most customers' reviews.
Best Charge Controller for Lithium Batteries: HQST PWM Controller
Not only that it offers a wide array of electric protection features, but it is among the few devices that are compatible with lithium batteries. It comes with preset operating modes and integrates an LCD, designed to display the variables and make it more user-friendly. Plus, it is affordable and a nice pick for medium-size and small systems.
Best Charge Controller for the Money: Renogy Wanderer — 30A PWM
An accessible option that comes at a good price, it guarantees protection against overcharging, short circuits, and more. The LED indicator lights keep you updated with its status. If you are familiar with this kind of device, then you probably know that most chargers are designed for 12VDC and this is one of them. It is compatible with multiple battery types and comes with good service coverage.
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Lexie Thorne
Lexie is the newest member of the team, previously working for a local business that sold, among other items, robotic vacuums. She takes a keen interest in the latest tech and considers herself to be a veritable tech geek. Using her connections, Lexie makes sure that she always talks to experts when putting together reviews and articles to ensure the information you read is reliable and makes a difference toward aiding you to better understand how automated devices for home use work.
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Evie Swanson was born and raised in the Hutchinson, MN, area, graduating from Maplewood Academy in 1958. She attended Union College, studying Home Economics, and meeting and marrying the love of her life, Evan Swanson. The Swansons moved back to Evie's hometown of Hutchinson, MN, in 1963, and Evie spent much of the next few decades being a full time Mom to the Swansons four children as well as a busy homemaker. Evie also spent a lot of that time as a volunteer at church, school and the MWA Alumni Association. She began teaching Home Economics aka Life Skills and later Family and Consumer Science in the early '90's, and is still teaching that class part time. In addition to family and school and community activities, Evie enjoys music—especially piano– gardening, reading and bicycling. The Swanson's four children are now busily engaged in their families and careers. Bruce is an anesthetist in Colorado Springs, CO. Jill is an emergency room nurse in Waconia, MN; Ann is a nurse practitioner in Lawrence, KS; and Sara is a family law attorney in Grand Rapids, MN. There are 8 grandchildren plus 1 great-grandaughter in the Swanson family.


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← Archived 2014 discussion: New Zealand Pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) is being split: list H. chathamensis as Vulnerable and H. novaeseelandiae as Near Threatened?
Archived 2014 discussion: Madagascar Green-pigeon (Treron australis) is being split: list T. griveaudi as Endangered? →
Archived 2014 discussion: Sunda Teal (Anas gibberifrons) is being split: list A. albogularis as Vulnerable?
Posted on September 4, 2013 by Andy Symes (BirdLife)
This is part of a consultation on the Red List implications of extensive changes to BirdLife's taxonomy for non-passerines
Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International will soon publish the HBW-BirdLife Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, building off the Handbook of the Birds of the World series, and BirdLife's annually updated taxonomic checklist.
The new Checklist will be based on the application of criteria for recognising species limits described by Tobias et al. (2010). Full details of the specific scores and the basis of these for each new taxonomic revision will be provided in the Checklist.
Following publication, an open and transparent mechanism will be established to allow people to comment on the taxonomic revisions or suggest new ones, and provide new information of relevance in order to inform regular updates. We are also actively seeking input via a discussion topic here regarding some potential taxonomic revisions that currently lack sufficient information.
The new Checklist will form the taxonomic basis of BirdLife's assessments of the status of the world's birds for the IUCN Red List. The taxonomic changes that will appear in volume 1 of the checklist (for non-passerines) will begin to be incorporated into the 2014 Red List update, with the remainder, and those for passerines (which will appear in volume 2 of the checklist), to be incorporated into subsequent Red List updates.
Preliminary Red List assessments have been carried out for the newly split or lumped taxa. We are now requesting comments and feedback on these preliminary assessments.
Sunda Teal Anas gibberifrons is being split into A. gibberifrons and A. albogularis, following the application of criteria set out by Tobias et al. (2010).
Prior to this taxonomic change, A. gibberifrons (BirdLife species factsheet) was listed as being of Least Concern, on the basis that it was not thought to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under any of the IUCN criteria.
A. albogularis is endemic to Andaman Islands and Great Coco Island, where it inhabits freshwater streams, ponds and lagoons, paddy-fields, freshwater and brackish swamps, tidal creeks and estuaries (Kear 2005, Rahmani and Islam 2008). It is nomadic and alights on the sea, as well as being present on many islands (Rahmani and Islam 2008). It has been noted that human disturbance to the species's habitat, through activities such as irrigation, fishing and hunting, is considerable (Rahmani and Islam 2008). Very little of its habitat is protected, and historically the largest flocks have been recorded in the least disturbed areas. Despite the threat of disturbance, and past declines, numbers on the Andaman Islands appear to be stable or increasing, with 69-582 individuals counted in 1995-1998, and 674 individuals counted in 2003-2004 (Vijayan et al. 2006).
With recent survey data in mind, the species is estimated to have a total population of 500-1,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2006, Rahmani 2012), which is said to be increasing (Rahmani 2012). It is on this basis that the recommendation of Rahmani (2012) is followed and it is suggested that the species qualifies as Vulnerable under criterion D, because its population probably includes fewer than 1,000 mature individuals and is not thought to be in decline.
A. gibberifrons (as defined following the taxonomic change) is thought likely to warrant listing as Least Concern, on the basis that it is not thought to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under any of the IUCN criteria.
Comments are invited on these suggested categories and further information would be welcomed.
Kear, J. (2005) Ducks, geese and swans volume 2: species accounts (Cairina to Mergus). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press (Bird families of the world 16).
Rahmani, A. R. (2012) Threatened Birds of India – Their Conservation Requirements. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and BirdLife International. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Rahmani, A. R. and Islam, M. Z. (2008) Ducks, geese and swans of India: Their status and distribution. Indian Bird Conervation Network: Bombay Natural History Society, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and BirdLife International. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Tobias, J. A., Seddon, N., Spottiswoode, C. N., Pilgrim, J. D., Fishpool, L. D. C. and Collar, N. J. (2010) Quantitative criteria for species delimitation. Ibis 152: 724–746.
Vijayan, L., Murugan, V. and Raja Mamannan, M. A. (2006) Conservation of Andaman Teal. TWSG News 15: 55-59.
Wetlands International (2006) Waterbird population estimates. Fourth edition. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wetlands International.
This entry was posted in Archive, Asia, Waterbirds and tagged Sunda Teal. Bookmark the permalink.
8 Responses to Archived 2014 discussion: Sunda Teal (Anas gibberifrons) is being split: list A. albogularis as Vulnerable?
Glyn Young says:
I tried to get updates on these two taxa some years back. Certainly at the time there was very little information on gibberifrons and what there was didn't sound good. My then contacts seemed to know it best from bird markets! Sadly, confusion with gracilis to the east and lack of interest from visiting birders, who didn't think that they could tick it and, therefore, didn't report it hampered any assessment. Ideally separation from gracilis should have increased reporting so that there are now better ideas on numbers and threats. I think that any mangrove tree-hole nester in this region is likely to be under increasing threat. I would be wary of considering as only Least Concern.
albogularis is not widely reported either and former surveys found very few. Again, numbers occur in poorly visited sites so assessment is very difficult. It is rarer than bernieri and I wonder if it might even qualify as Data Defficient.
Joe Taylor says:
BirdLife International estimates the three-generation trend period for A. gibberifrons to be c.20 years. If threats to the species are suspected to be driving a decline approaching 30% over this time frame, the species could qualify as Near Threatened under criterion A.
Anand Krishnan and K S Krishnan says:
We were on South Andaman in March 2012, and we saw albogularis at two different locations. At Sippighat we had a sighting of five individuals, and then a flock of nearly 200 at Ogra Branj, in a small brackish waterbody. They outnumbered even the Common moorhen here. We'd be happy to send you some photos if you like.
David Bishop says:
On 21 Feb. 2013 I observed flocks totalling 400-500 at Ograbraj. This observation is in keeping with all my visits to the Andaman Islands since the tsunami.
Praveen J says:
When there is mounting evidence that Andaman Teal is on the rise, particularly in the tsunami hit wetlands of S. Andamans, would this be considered Vulnerable still under criteria D ? Ograbraj hosted a few hundred teals and another tsunami-formed wetland (Kadakkachang) had 93 nos in March 2012. A resurvey of the population is likely to come up with a count more than 1000; perhaps this is something which can be easily done by one of the researchers visiting Andamans ?
Based on available information and comments posted above, our preliminary proposals for the 2014 Red List would be to treat:
A. gibberifrons as Near Threatened under criteria A2cd+3cd+4cd
A. albogularis as Vulnerable under criterion D
There is now a period for further comments until the final deadline of 31 March, after which recommended categorisations will be put forward to IUCN.
The final Red List categories will be published on the BirdLife and IUCN websites in mid-2014, following further checking of information relevant to the assessments by both BirdLife and IUCN.
I had a talk with Vikram Sheel, one of the few resident bird guides in Andman Is about A. albogularis. Four days back, he saw 400-500 birds in one of the regular haunts on a birding trip with visiting bird-watchers. However, he says that – if a proper count is taken in S. Andaman (SippyGhat, Ograbraj , Kadakkachang etc), its number would surpass 1000. I believe the bird is not restricted to S. Andaman and hence there would be other population elsewhere too – some sites visited during an old survey here can be found in Vijayan, L. et al. (2006), available online.
It seem highly likely that "Vulnerable" decision will be challenged if we go only by Criterion D. There is some evidence that the population may be fluctuating – in real or due to movements.
http://www.indianbirds.in/pdfs/IB.5.4_103-107.pdf
Perhaps there are other criteria to be evaluated to see if it qualifies as Vulnerable ?
May be B1ac, B2ac, C2b ?
Andy Symes says:
Recommended categorisations to be put forward to IUCN
Following further review, there have been no changes to our preliminary proposals for the 2014 Red List status of these species.
The final categorisations will be published later in 2014, following further checking of information relevant to the assessments by BirdLife and IUCN.
Note that whilst the total count of A. albogularis may surpass 1,000, it is possible that the number of mature individuals (the figure that should be assessed against the IUCN criteria) may be less than this.
The fluctuating numbers of albogularis reported on waterfowl counts are probably not sufficient to list the species against any of the subcriteria requiring extreme fluctuations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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HomeReviewsLive ReviewsLIVE REVIEW: Between the Buried and Me – Colors 10th Anniversary Tour Warehouse Live in Houston, Texas
LIVE REVIEW: Between the Buried and Me – Colors 10th Anniversary Tour Warehouse Live in Houston, Texas
October 25, 2017 Alicia Armijo Live Reviews 0
Photo by Alicia Armijo
From Warehouse Live's Ballroom ceiling, there hung spiralled, candled chandeliers above a packed-house of eager metal-heads, decked out in all varieties of Between the Buried and Me T-shirts from decades past. These progressive-metal giants attracted nostalgic fans from all over Texas to celebrate their beloved album, Colors, at one of their two in-state shows on Friday the 13th.
For this nostalgic fan, this show was one that I simply could not miss. For the last ten years, not only have I loved and revelled in Colors and their three subsequent LPs, but I have also heard legendary stories from close friends about the sublimity of seeing BTBAM play Colors live in its entirety. And, any concert experience with that kind of story-staying power—my friends still reminisce about it—was one that was well-worth venturing across Texas to indulge in first-hand.
As the lights dimmed and the band slowly took the stage, the crowd erupted in cries of adoration for members of the band. With the first melancholy notes struck, Tommy Rogers entranced the crowd and they harmoniously sang along to the first simmering lines of the band's prominent intro, Foam Born (A) the Backtrack. With a few of Black Richardson's uprising, yet violent strikes on the drums, the metal marathon began. Without pause, the band effortlessly played through each of their perfectly blended eight tracks, transitioning seamlessly from favourite songs as Prequel to the Sequel to Viridian to an epic finish with White Walls. All the while, fans screamed their lungs out and thrashed violently in the pit and past the barricade through the entire set. At times, fans even found moments to sing along a cappella to the band's most memorable bass lines and instrumental solos. To be sure, it was not your typical metal show.
After an unfailingly brilliant and brutal performance of one of their most technical albums to date, the band was beckoned by their ravenous audience for an encore. As they screamed "B-T-BAM" repeatedly in rhythm, the band's technical assistant jumped on keys to play a humorous, funky little melody to complement the crowd's chanting. This impressively inexhaustible group retook the stage, thanking the crowd and the bands that had accompanied them on this adventurous and memorable tour, which included The Contortionist, Polyphia, and Toothgrinder. For their finale, Tommy Rogers joked that the band would like to play one of their "newer" songs. And, the progressive metalcore band violently plunged into the magnificently chaotic, fan-favourite, Mordecai, from their 2003 album, The Silent Circus.
On this one epic night, Between the Buried and Me succeeded in bringing the entire crowd back in time and made syntheses of us all: with each note of every measure, we were seeing all of the vibrant colors and vitality of this remarkable album. This experience—a true marvel to be sure—is one that is bound to remain story-worthy for another ten years.
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O réquiem de Ligeti começou a ser composto no ano de 1963 terminando apenas no inicio de 1965, trazendo em sua forma todas as características musicais do compositor sem deixar de lado a tradição musical de um Réquiem, foi estreado em 14 de março em Estocolmohttp://elpais.com/diario/2004/12/12/espectaculos/1102806002_850215.html. Esta obra acaba sendo uma das mais famosas de Ligeti, usada na trilha sonora de muitos filmes como Godzilla e 2001 Uma Odisséia no Espaço.

Vocal
Para a partitura do Réquiem de Ligeti, foram escritas 2 partes para solistas soprano e mezzo-soprano, com mais 1 coro misto..

Orquestração

 3 Flautas
 2 Flautins
 3 Oboés
 1 Corne Inglês
 3 Clarinetes
 1 Clarinete baixo
 1 Clarinete contrabaixo
 1 Clarinete em mi bemol
 2 Fagotes
 1 Contra Fagote
 5 Trompas
 3 Trompetes
 1 Trompete baixo
 1 Trombone
 1 Trombone baixo
 1 Tuba
 1 Percussão ( Gran Cassa, Pratos, Tamtam, Pandeiro Sinfônico, Xilofone e Glockenspiel )
 1 Celesta
 1 Cravo
 26 Violinos
 12 Violas
 10 Violoncelos
 8 Contrabaixos

Lux Aeterna

Lux Aeterna é uma das peças composta para coro misto de 16 pessoas escrita um ano após o réquiem, erroneamente ligada a ele por estar junta no filme de Stanley Kubrick.

Bibliografia

Ligeti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Lecturer of Human Geography Monash University School of Social Sciences Australia
Lecturer - Human Geography
Job No: 592169
Duration: Continuing appointment
Remuneration: $97,203 - $115,429 pa Level B (plus 17% employer superannuation)
Leading international university
Innovative and creative environment
An Australian leader in education, research and work flexibility
The School of Social Sciences at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia seeks applications for a continuing appointment as Lecturer in Human Geography with expertise in corporate sustainability management. The School of Social Sciences is recognised internationally for its quality education, innovative research and international engagement.
Monash University is the largest university in Australia and regularly ranks in the top 100 universities worldwide. Monash has six globally networked campuses and international alliances in Europe and Asia. The appointment will be based at the Clayton campus in Melbourne. Melbourne was named the "Most Liveable City in the World" for seven consecutive years by The Economist.
Since the inception of Geography at Monash 50 years ago, the discipline has produced some of Australia's leading researchers and policy makers in climate and environmental change, land and water management, urban and regional economic development, and political ecology and international development. Our current staff and students are engaged in teaching, research, analysis and actions that promote sustainable business practices and the sustainable use and management of natural resources, landscapes and built environments, and sound population and migration policies. Our teaching activities are concentrated in the areas of Environmental Geography, Population Geography, and Development Geography. Our current research activities focus on environmental governance and sustainability transitions; sustainable business models, and corporate sustainability; urban diversity and international migration governance; and political ecology of development.
Applicants demonstrating potential and achievement in core fields of research and teaching in Human Geography will be highly regarded. Strong skills in corporate sustainability management are mandatory. Preference will be given to those with expertise in the geography of environmental sustainability and business sustainability.
Benefits of this position includes:
Typically a 2-3 unit teaching load (on a semester system)
Extensive support for research, including dedicated administrative staff support for external grant applications
Numerous and internal seed funding schemes
Semester-long research leave (equivalent to sabbatical) can be applied for every three years of regular service
Highly competitive salaries, between $97,203 - $115,429 AUD
Retirement contributions of 17%
Relocation support
The position is full-time; however, flexible working arrangements may be negotiated.
At Monash University, we are committed to being a Child Safe organisation. This position at the University will require the incumbent to hold a valid Working with Children Check and a valid Police Check.
Dr Alan Gamlen at alan.gamlen@monash.edu
Download File Lecturer - Human Geography
Wednesday 12 June 2019, 11:55 pm AEST
https://socioloxy.com/lecturer-of-human-geography,i5259.html">


This article talks about what kind of greatness Mamta Banerjee as a lady singlehandedly has achieved. The why of the same is evaluated based on the astrology and nakshatra frameworks.
Also, the 2017 and 2019 predictions below made for her based on major transits of Rahu, , and Saturn of her Surya kundali.
What are Some Interesting Facts about Mamata banerjee- the current west Bengal Chief Minister?
Mamata Banerjee Is an Indian Politician Popularly also known as Didi was born 5 January 1955 in calcultta or Kolkata. Mamata banerjee has been the Chief Minister of the state of West Bengal since the year2011.
She has been reported to be the first woman to hold the office. She has also been the previous railway minister and also minister of coal.
She has also been minister for the state of west Bengal for Human resources and also help the department of Sports and Youth development. Also the department of women and child development for the state of India.
How did mamata Banerjee rise to such prominence as now the chief minister of West Bengal?
Mamata Banerjee Fought against the land acquisition policies of the government and opposed the same by the that time communist government in the state of west Bengal's the government that time was planning special economic zone at the expense of the farmers.
Mama banerjee had a landslide victory in the year 2011 does the party TMC congress alliance. She was able to defeat the over three decades hold by the communist party(Marxist) left government.
She has also been voted as the most honest politician of India in the year- By the members of India against corruption.
Which Planetary Combinations Make Mamata Banerjee the Current Chief Minister of west Bengal TMC Congress So Unique?
Given the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of west Bengal chief minister and trinamool(TMC) congress leader mamta banerjee- Based on her ascendant – she is Jupiter or Guru that ins in the eighth house of cancer.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- He Jupiter is exalted in the eighth house- so clearly indicates that she will deal from land in some sense. Her opposition of land acquisition and her subsequent winning in 2011 clearly spells out this fact.proves her clout as a women Indian politician against the communists.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- The dhanu rashi or Sagittarius sign in ascendant clearly gives her a kind heart(the lord Jupiter is a benefic), a tinge of conventionality and yes dominating & critical nature.
Sagittarius sign also makes her dominating and aggressive as Sagittarius or dhanu rashi is a fire sign. All the above traits are 100% correct for mamata banerjee.
Mercury the lord of seventh house of political relationships and also the tenth lord is in the first house or Kendra giving her very quick ability to solve problems and communicate.
Infact Rahu being close to mercury gives her a rash temper and she might speak with authority and aggression. All is true for her birth chart.
Given the special kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- Ketu the malefic and sitting in the seventh house of love relationships and aspecting the lord mercury or budha – makes double aspect and keeps her un married throughout life. She might later in life either marry a very religious person or take up spirituality for sure.This hsoue also deals with her relationships with the Indina politics.
Looking closely at the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- A strong and retrogate Jupiter might make her interested in occult and tantra and also might make her very conventional or critical in nature. Such people want to stay in the past or don't like much of change. Her resistance of land acquisition is a hint in this direction. Based on her birth star or nakshatra or birth star she would have splendid appearance and surely understood .she would be generally be tranquil by nature and a decent guide Also she would have solid reason and be resolved She would have good insights however with an insecure personality.
Mamata banerjee would also have blessing in expressive arts. She have great period 25-35 and 50-56 . She would also have aggressive nature now and again. She won a landslide victory by her TMC congress victory in 2011, when she was 51 years old.Once gain a grand victory for the Indian politician.
Why did Mamata Banerjee Choose Politics as a Career? Based on her Kundli or Horoscope.
Look at her over all destiny number based on simple numerology = she is born on 5 January 1955 = 5 +1 +1955(=20/2) = 5+1 +2= 8= Saturn or shani. This Saturn or shani would push her into hard life and management roles. Yes being a chief minister is the highest management role anyone could have.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- A strong sun in the first house and a strong Jupiter promises her a good position and gain in life.Also rahu with sun gives success in politics and also possibility of defmation.
But also note her mars or Mangal is very weak in the third house of initiatives or people who surround her. This is an old planet- this could make her aggressive and give her success only with difficulty. She gained prominence late in political life.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- Her mars is on Aquarius and is very aggressive there- so this could cause her to have high tempers and rash actions at times.
Her mars is also an atmakaraka for her( planet having highest degree)- so she will later in life realize that impulse of haste or aggression of any kind would not help her. Instead forgiveness is needed- this would be her spiritual lesson in life.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- Her lord of career is mercury the tenth house(Virgo or kanya rashi_ and also the relationships, that is the seventh house lord(Gemini or mithuna rashi) , this along with sun the lord of the ninth house makes is a raja yoga karaka for her to get a position where she could use her quick intelligence( mercury/budha), the depth of through and concern for the downtrodden or the underdog (Jupiter in eight house) and also diplomacy and politics – rahu sitting close in the first house.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- Moon in Taurus sign the vrishabha rashi is the second sign of the zodiac gives her the basic grit and stubbornness to win in life, there could be a love for music and harmony despite fights and issues cause by the weak mars. She would be devoted to mother and motherland. There is a tendency to dominate others- as she would have a curious power to dominate over others. They could be unyielding with a lot of determination in them.
They could be stiff necked. Good power of endurance both mental and physical like the bull it represents. but when they love something- they are the most yielding and plaiable.They have good memory and like literary work. They love pleasure and society includes their mother lands like India. Being dominated by Venus they would be wonderful hosts and hostesses. Good taste for food and management of her party the trinamool(TMC) congress. Affection has greater hold on them than passion. She would always fight in open and hate tricky nature. They could be jealous , but forgive easily bye emotions by simple feeling of kindness. Jealousy could drive them to fighting and temper tantrum and violence- which they regret later.
As leaders they inspire love and devotion and & often have great responsibility imposed on them.
Gives creative and fictional writing skills.
This gives son(sun is also a karaka for son), vehicle, money/fame/power and government service. Good name. Ancestral property as sun is the karaka for father and ancestors. Fond of music an and good personal magnetism.
What does 2017 and 2018 Hold for Her- forecast?
This transit could result in loss of wealth and comforts for the person. The initiatives or the endeavors of the person(That is mamata banerjee ji) are not fruitful. There could be a fear for penalty from the government or by say the centre. The troubles are very high as the eighth house is activated. Stomach troubles could be various problems. There is a slight chance that she suffers from eye trouble and his or she with wicked women could bring up troubles. Eighth house transit it is as fearsome as sade sati.
This transit of Jupiter or guru from natal moon is considered auspicious, this could mean full of enjoyments and This protects her from malefic transit of Saturn, but not after September 2017.
In the kundli or Horoscope(Birth Chart) of mamta banerjee- Every effort of the person(mamata banerjee) brings in gains and results. There could be promotion or gain in status as Jupiter transits fifth house and the karaka of fifth house is Jupiter plus aspects the ninth house of luck and fortune. The business investments in west Bengal give good returns or steady returns. The native is logistic and wise.
As deep thinking and blessing of GOD is activated in this transit. There could be auspicious ceremonies at home of the west Bengal chief minister. The stocks to do with west Bengal government might go up stock markets that are of speculative nature. she may donate liberally for social causes. One may get rewarded with good position.
This transit is not auspicious , this could cause health issues to the west Bengal chief minster mama banerjee ji GOD forbid. The money flow to the business investments in west Bengal could be affected and the person could come into conflict with subordinates within the TMC congress( Trinamool congress). Due to transit of sixth house stomach troubles could also come to fore on the health front. The enemies could trouble the person. The behavior of the person may not be up to the mark- that Saturn or shani affects health and thinking. The unsocial behavior may not be liked by the people around. That is conflict with the people around is possible.
Rahu transit in the fourth house is not auspicious as her the education or basic studies of facts gets affected. Mamata banerjee may have to stay foreign or away from the family comforts- that is peace would be less.
Rahu transit in the fifth house could give confusion in mind and trouble to the subordinates as fifth house rules the subordinates and thinking of the person.
The person might gain in speculations as rahu could give unexpected results- so any quick or random decisions could help her. Also she might connect more to women of other religions.
Give you the desired gains.
Expect many changes from could be do the job, funds with opportunities in the event that almost anything happening. There could be opportunities in business/work for the state of west Bengal in addition to fun/outings/ for her more\ communication/meetings as well.
Nevertheless she in particular might not be in a position to appreciate completely as a result of do the job force. There could be combining impulsiveness\ in addition to rationalism in situations. Following the fundamental efforts can be done- outings or travels within west Bengal state or outside in addition to excitement could possibly be relished. She has to Prevent staying disturbed and luxuriate in pleasures with focus not getting affected.
She could Expect surplus do the job in addition to responsibility- please do not disregard the details of almost any subject that you simply cope with now. There could be more that average blocks and problems and even be delays. She has to Act as people oriented in comparison instead of self applied oriented. Beneficial time period with regard to her trinamool(TMC) congress party in addition to her career growth in the event that concerns well thought out.
What do the stars say about Mamta Banerjee in 2019?
For Mamta Banerjee the year 2019 her key planet Saturn or Shani is in the Sagittarius or Dhanu sign. the planet Saturn rules her second or third bhava or house. For Mamta Banerjee, it is in transit sitting in the lagna so this is a Raj Yog Karaka primarily because the house of wealth and status initiatives or action is now in transit sitting on the Lagna current.
but from April 2019 to July 2019 Saturn or Shani is retrograde. So the actions or political actions done by Mamta Ji and her status may not improve significantly as she might have expected. One has to note that Saturn or Shani is sitting in the 11th house of gains and friend s or well wishes. so now taking Janata or the people, as well-wishers would give gains to her due to Shani dev?
But as we know Saturn is retrograde or reversed in energy this time. The planet sun also has issues as Saturn comes close to her natal sun in the lagna of her horoscope. We know she had faced strong tiffs with the BJP government protecting the senior most IPS officer. Also for Dhanu Lagna people (she has Surya Lagna as dhanu), Sun rules the 9th house or the house of Fortune so Saturn retrogression could impact the same. Also for her Ketu transits her Lagna. Now Ketu is very weak and always runs retrograde and this would aspect her seventh house for political alliances and partnerships.
As analyzed above, she has to, therefore, be careful about her alliances and partnerships as also Rahu also gets into her 7th house she has to be careful about connecting to the right people and not connecting to the wrong or negative rebellious people.
Especially t the people were Rebel fight against the law so as Rahu comes in the 7th house of relationships. Mamata Banerjee may also have to travel to distant lands like Delhi as well. Travels could be in Haste especially when Rahu comes neat bhava Madhya for mamta Banerjee. Also, note that guru or Jupiter the Planet of Grace and Surya Lagna Lord in the house of Scorpio the 12th bhava is not at all great for Mamta Banerjee. This could mean till Nov 2019 there is a lot of stress for her.
In fact, self-put aside all the good benefits of Saturn and wealth and status coming to her from Saturn. Now, this is a very serious situation for Mamta Banerjee need to take good care of her health and also keep tabs on her political aspirations. as the year 2019 could be a very emotionally demanding time for her.
This is especially the month of April to be very hard and she might get in contact with negative /rebellious people and or get in conflict with the law and negative people be careful on this part john would be better but she needs better care. Needs care of health in May 2019.Also in May, she has to care about what she speaks as else it will land her into trouble. IN summary 2019 could be an emotionally stressful time for her as Jupiter is retrograde this time. so she needs to take more care of health and yes image overall.