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Golden State's Half-Court Defense Is Good, But Boston's Half-Court Offense Has Been Better
Golden State's Half-Court Defense Is Good, But Boston's Half-Court Offense Has Been Better
Jun. 10, 2022, at 6:00 AM
Jayson Tatum and the Boston Celtics got to the paint more in Game 3 than they had in the first two Finals games against Golden State.
Kyle Terada / USA TODAY Sports / Getty Images
Late in the third quarter of Game 2 of the NBA Finals, Jayson Tatum came off a screen from Al Horford and walked himself right into a wide-open three pointer that splashed through the net. As he did so, his defender on the play, Andrew Wiggins, was several steps below the 3-point arc, with his feet nearly at the free-throw line as Tatum rose up to fire.
The camera immediately flashed to Golden State Warriors coach Steve Kerr, who was incensed on the sideline. Kerr motioned with his arms and barked at Wiggins, "Up! Up, Andrew! Up!" Kerr wanted Wiggins — and the rest of his team — to pick up his man higher up on the floor and not allow Boston to get into its offense so easily.
For the most part, the Warriors executed that strategy quite well in Game 2. According to Second Spectrum, the Warriors defenders picked up the Celtics players initiating the team's offense an average of 39.5 feet away from the rim during their victory — just shy of 5 feet farther out on the floor than they had in Game 1. That increased pressure played a sizable role in Boston's efficiency in its half-court offense1 dropping from 114.1 points per 100 possessions in the series opener, according to Cleaning the Glass, to just 77.1 points per 100 in Game 2 — and in Golden State's evening the series at one game apiece.
In Game 3, though, something was different again. The Warriors picked up the Celtics' half-court offense nearly as high out as they had in Game 2 — 38.3 feet from the rim, to be exact. But Boston found a way to counteract the strategy and again scored 114.1 points per 100 possessions on those plays.
In two of three Finals games played so far, the Celtics have figured out a way to score incredibly efficiently against one of the NBA's best half-court defenses: Golden State's 91.2 half-court points per 100 non-garbage-time possessions allowed during the regular season ranked third in the NBA.
As has been a theme throughout these playoffs, the Celtics have gone pick-and-roll hunting, repeatedly putting Stephen Curry in pick-and-roll action in an attempt to engineer favorable matchups for Tatum and/or Jaylen Brown. Curry mostly held his own when called upon to defend Tatum or Brown in space, but the degree to which the threat of those players driving against Curry panicked the Warriors defense led to scrambled help, which created opportunities elsewhere.
It was admirable that Curry (for the most part) did not simply get bowled over by Tatum and Brown, but there were several occasions where he could not keep them out of the paint. That was emblematic of another issue the Celtics have caused for Golden State's defense. Boston got the ball into the paint on 50 of its 77 half-court possessions in Game 3, according to Second Spectrum — a 65 percent rate.
The Celtics have gotten into the lane with increasing frequency in each game of the series so far. In each of the most recent two games, it's been at a rate higher than what Golden State allowed its opponents during the regular season.
The Warriors have been letting the Celtics inside more often
Share of half-court possessions in which Golden State's opponents have gotten the ball into the paint, by game of the NBA Finals and over the regular season
In Paint
Paint %
Finals Game 3 77 50 64.9%
Finals Game 2 81 50 61.7
Regular season 6,734 4,096 60.8
Source: Second Spectrum
Golden State's defense at the rim has been surprisingly lacking during this series, with Boston converting 70 percent of its shots inside the restricted area, per NBA Advanced Stats. That's quite a bit higher than the 65.7 percent the Warriors allowed during the regular season and higher than the 67.8 percent conversion rate they had yielded in the earlier rounds of the playoffs. Some of that interior effectiveness can be attributed to Kevon Looney's minutes being cut with each successive game, as well as to Draymond Green's foul trouble and lethargy. But some of it is simply about Boston's ball-handlers making the right plays at the right times and creating high-value looks.
That's been true whether they've gotten all the way into the paint or not. Tatum, in particular, has done well to read the help defense Golden State has sent his way, and in Game 3, he made several excellent passes as soon as the helper took a step toward him. (He did barrel into the lane and try to go through the help on multiple occasions, because the Celtics just can't help a barrage of turnovers once every 10 minutes or so.) Firing that pass early gives extra time for a shooter to load up his shot, but it also allows the receiver to work against an on-the-move defender, giving him an advantage should he want to pump and drive.
The Celtics figured out another way to win on the interior in Game 3: dominating the offensive glass. Robert Williams, Grant Williams, Horford and Brown each finished the game with three offensive boards. Boston grabbed the rebound on 37.5 percent of its missed shots on Wednesday night, the highest mark any team has recorded against the Warriors this season. The Celtics' seven second-half offensive rebounds were particularly impactful, with the Williamses (no relation) creating multiple second-chance opportunities that resulted in layups, fouls or both; and Boston's overall willingness to hit the floor and fight for loose balls saved multiple possessions from defensive boards or turnovers.
As the series has moved along, Boston has seemed to spurn its two-big lineups featuring both Horford and Robert Williams, with that combination sharing the floor for 16 minutes in Game 1, 12 in Game 2 and just 10 in Game 3. After being outscored by a combined 14 points in the first two games, though, the Horford-Williams lineups were plus-12 in Game 3, and the duo was able to leverage its size advantage repeatedly in the second half.
It would be one thing if the Celtics were just creating opportunities inside against one of the league's best paint defenses. But they're also ripping nets from the perimeter. Boston has shot 49 of 113 (43.4 percent) from three through three games, even shooting well from deep (15 of 37) in its Game 2 loss. Green said after Game 1 that the Warriors were comfortable with players like Horford, Marcus Smart and Derrick White beating them from deep, if that's how the Celtics were going to win. That trio has shot just 6 of 19 from deep in the two games since combining to go 15 of 23 in Game 1, but Brown and Tatum joined the fun and combined to knock down 7 of 17 treys in Game 3.
The only way to find success against a defense as good as Golden State's is to test it from every level of the floor, especially in the half court. The Celtics show an occasional and frustrating tendency to collapse into what could charitably be described as nonsense offense, and, much like their opponents in this series, they turn the ball over with maddening frequency. But they also have a combination of size, athleticism and talent that can pose significant problems for the Warriors — and so far, it's doing exactly that.
On non-garbage time possessions.
NBA (1138 posts) NBA Playoffs (275) Golden State Warriors (224) Boston Celtics (86) NBA Finals (82) Stephen Curry (77) Jayson Tatum (11) Jaylen Brown (8) NBA Offense (3)
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Mas Grange Blanche is owned by the Mousset company, which is a large Rhone Valley firm that owns and distributes several Southern Rhone wines including Chateau des Fines Roches.
In fact, the wine of Mas Grange Blanche is made in the same cellars that are used and owned by Chateau des Fines Roches. In addition, they also own Jas de Bressy and Domaine des Saumades.
Mas Grange Blanche comes from 3 hectares of vines planted in the Chateauneuf du Pape appellation. Mas Grange Blanche produces 2 red Chateauneuf du Pape wines. They also make wine in the Cotes du Rhone appellation and a Vin de Pays.
Mas Grange Blanche Chateauneuf du Pape is produced blending 70% Grenache, 20% Syrah and 10% Mourvedre. The terroir is pure galets in the les Combes and la Crau vineyards. Vinification takes place in traditional concrete vats. The wine is aged in a combination of old, used, French oak barrels, tanks and demi-muids for 18 months.
Mas Grange Blanche la Font de Bessounes is made from a blend of 3 different grape varietals, 70% Grenache, 20% Syrah and 10% Mourvedre.
The terroir is rock and stones in the les Combes and la Crau vineyards. Vinification takes place in traditional concrete vats. The wine is aged in a combination of old, used, French oak barrels, tanks and demi-muids for 18 months.
Mas Grange Blanches can be enjoyed on the young side. Young vintages can be popped and poured, or decanted for about 1 hour. This allows the wine to soften and open its perfume. Older vintages might need very little decanting, just enough to remove the sediment.
Mas Grange Blanche is usually better with 1-3 years of bottle age. Of course that can vary slightly, depending on the vintage. In the best vintages the wine should be consumed within 2-8 years after the vintage.
Mas Grange Blanche is best served at 15.5 degrees Celsius, 60 degrees Fahrenheit. The cool, almost cellar temperature gives the wine more freshness and lift.
Mas Grange Blanche is best served with all types of classic meat dishes, veal, pork, beef, lamb, duck, game, roast chicken, roasted, braised, stewed dishes, sausage, barbecue, grilled meats and cassoulet. Mas Grange Blanche is also good with Asian dishes, hearty fish courses like tuna, mushrooms, cheese, pasta, eggplant and tomatoes.
The Mousset company produces and distributes 2 other red wines from Chateauneuf du Pape, in addition to the estates we previously listed, Domaine de Tourt Vent Cuvee Reserve and Domaines Mousset.
Lush, round, sweet and forward, the fruit is ripe, the added notes of licorice and black cherry along with herbs hits the spot. This will drink just fine on release. The wine is blended using 70% Grenache, 20% Syrah and 20% Mourvedre.
Round, forward and already quite tasty, there is ample sweet, dark cherries and licorice with a medicinal edge, think of cough drops, but in a good way.
Simple, easy going and best enjoyed over the next few years for its bright, red berry charms.
Light in color, medium bodied, forward, early drinking wine, focused of fresh, bright red fruits and herbs.


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Q: Create an user role for order status validation on WooCommerce I need a role with same privileges as customer, but with the addition of being able to change the order status from "awaiting payment" to "paid" (or any other status names). Also, with the privilege of deleting orders with "awaiting payment" status.
This role should not have privileges to change the order status back from "paid" to "awaiting payment" or to delete orders with "paid" status or any other privilege.
I tried some plugins as User Role Editor, but doesn't grant access to the Order Status Manager. Does anyone know how to do this using plugins or php?

A: I manage to accomplish this by the combination of several solutions:

*

*Using the Advanced Access Manager plugin, I created an user with the capabilities: read, edit posts, manage woocommerce and edit shop orders. As this capabilities enabled many admin menu options I didn't want this role to have, I restricted access to all backend menu except for "Orders" in the woocommerce menu.

*However, there were options in the admin menu that couldn't be restricted by the plugin, so I used the recommendation at

https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/136058/how-to-remove-admin-menu-pages-inserted-by-plugins

and

https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/142517/remove-ability-to-access-certain-admin-menus

to add the next code to functions.php:

add_action( 'admin_menu', 'my_remove_menu_pages' );
function my_remove_menu_pages() {
  if(isset(wp_get_current_user()->roles[0]) && wp_get_current_user()->roles[0] == 'financieros'){
      remove_menu_page('edit.php?post_type=uncodeblock');
      remove_menu_page('wpcf7');
      remove_menu_page('heypublisher-submission-manager'); } }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Ukraine's Ruslan Dmytrenko and China's Liu Hong claimed wins at the Lugano Trophy – 12th Memorial Mario Albisetti 2014, an IAAF Race Walking Challenge event, held on a sunny and warm morning in the picturesque Swiss lakeside town of Lugano on Sunday (16).
Japan's Takumi Saito took the lead during the first five kilometres of the men's 20km race race but the eight-strong chasing group – Dmytrenko, the Chinese pair of Cai Zelin and Wei Chu, Slovakia's Matej Toth, Australia's Jarred Tallent, Ireland's world 50km race walk champion Robert Heffernan, Japan's Daisuke Matsunaga and Poland's Dawid Tomala – caught Sato at 5km, which they reached in 20:20.
The eight-man leading pack went through 10km in 40:30 before Chu and Tomala started to struggle in the next kilometre and drifted off the back of the group.
Tallent, a triple Olympic medallist, tried to force the pace at 15km, which was passed in 1:00:46, but Dmytrenko and Cai jointly responded and surged away, opening up a gap of 10 seconds at 17km (1:08:32).
The pair then embarked on a head-to-head duel in the next two kilometres before Dmytrenko, fourth in the 20km at the 2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, edged ahead at 19km.
Dmyrenko crossed the finish line in 1:20:08, improving his personal best by nine seconds.
Cai finished second in 1:20:31, beating Toth by 11 seconds. The Slovak former World Cup winner will compete in the 20km event at the IAAF World Race Walking Cup in Taicang, China, on 3-4 May and then in the 50km at the European Championships in Zurich this summer.
Tallent took fourth place in 1:20:55, coming home two seconds ahead of Heffernan.
"I am very happy with my personal best on a nice course. I enjoyed walking in sunny weather conditions," said Dmytrenko.
Liu Hong, a medallist at the past three IAAF World Championships, edged young Italian rising star Eleonora Giorgi by just four seconds in the women's race to win in 1:27:25.
The Czech rising star Anezka Drahotova, the 2013 European junior 10,000m champion on the track and seventh in the 20km at the World Championships, drove a leading pack of Liu, Giorgi, Poland's Agniewska Dygasz and Ukraine's Lyudmila Olyanovska for the first 10km, the five women going through halfway in 44:14.
The group was then whittled down to just three women when Drahotova, Liu and Giorgi surged, increased their pace and went through 15km in 1:05:55.
Liu and Giorgi broke away at 18km, quickly carving out a five-second gap over the Czech teenager and increased their gap to 20 seconds as they heard the bell for the final one kilometre lap.
The Chinese star launched her kick in the final part of the race to claim her third win in Lugano with 1:27:25.
"It was a very competitive race against two very strong athletes. I am happy because I started my training only 40 days ago after recovering from a stress fracture. I am happy to win my third race here in Lugano," said Liu.
Giorgi crowned the best race of her young career with 1:27:29, improving her previous best time of 1:29:48 by more than two minutes, and was just 20 seconds short of Elisabetta Perrone's national record.
"I am used to walking in the chasing group. Today, I wanted to walk at the front and this change of tactic gave me a great feeling. I was thrilled to hear the fans supporting me along the course," said Giorgi.
"I tried to keep the pace with Liu Hong and I managed to stay with her until the final 200 metres. I improved my personal best for the 10km twice clocking 44:14 in the first half and 43:15 in the second part of the race. I need just two more exams to get my degree at the University. It is not easy to combine study and sport but I manage to do both successfully. My goals are the World Cup in Taicang and the European Championships. My performance today makes me dream (of a medal) but I am aware that I have a lot of work to do.
"My race in Zurich is scheduled on 14th August. Fourteen is my favourite number as I was born on 14th September 1989 and I finished 14th at the Olympic Games in London," she added.
Drahotova hung on to finish third and improved her own national record, set in Moscow, by almost a minute to 1:28:13.
Dygasz and Olyanovska finished fourth and fifth in 1:29:08 and 1:29:26 respectively, with both women going under 1:30 for the first times in their careers.
One small surprise was that Guatemala's Mirna Ortiz, the area record-holder with 1:28:31 from last year, didn't feature in the sharp end of the race and came home eighth in 1:32:21.


Every Friday and Saturday night is chocolate night at The Peninsula Chicago. Chocolate at the The Pen features an unlimited buffet of more than 40 chocolate cakes, tarts, candies, bonbons, marshmallows, hot chocolate and cookies. Executive pastry chef Dimitri Fayard changes nearly half the menu every week, so there are always new treats to sample. Honestly, it's a little overwhelming. Fayard is also working closely with Cacao Barry to develop his own signature raw chocolate that will be unique to the hotel. For Valentine's Day, there will be a special four-course dinner and chocolate bar for dessert accompanied by live music from a pianist and string trio.
To get to the Ritz-Carlton, Tokyo's Michelin-starred French restaurant, Azure 45, you must first pass through the temptations of La Boutique, a sleek little chocolate shop and cafe selling chocolate pralines and gateau de voyage – perfect for the long flight home. This Valentine's Day, chocolatier Takashi Iida debuts five new flavors made from premium Vietnamese chocolate blended with Nakazawa cream from Hokkaido. You can even watch the pastry team at work through a glass window. These exclusive treats are only available for purchase at the hotel.
The Patisserie at SLS Beverly Hills may be the hotel's best-kept secret. You enter as though you're headed to The Bazaar by José Andrés, but swing a right to the land of sweet goodness behind the Spanish restaurant. The Patisserie is only open in the evenings, but you can always have dessert for dinner. Pastry chef Mitzi Reyes is a high-energy chocolate magician, making dozens of different bonbons, pastries, ice cream and entremets each day. The macaroche is a signature treat – a Ferrero Rocher-inspired chocolate-covered coffee macaron delight that's soft and crunchy, sweet and nutty all at once. Book the hotels' Be Epicurean package for a private bonbon-making class plus dinner at Somni's 10-seat chef's counter.
More than 120 acres of organic criollo cacao have been planted on Copal Tree Lodge's 3,000-acre farm, making it the largest organic cacao plantation in Belize and the largest criollo plantation in Central America. Guests can make their own bean-to-bar chocolate while staying in this rainforest preserve within the Maya Mountains of Punta Gorda. The day begins with a visit to the cacao nursery, tasting the sweet raw cacao pulp and learning about the fermenting and drying process. Then, roll up your sleeves and learn to roast and temper chocolate by hand and machine before molding a chocolate bar to take home.
The new Bvlgari Hotel Shanghai is upping the chocolate game with Il Cioccolato. These are undoubtedly the most expensive bonbons in town, ranging from $12-$17 apiece and requiring five days to assemble. Each is painstakingly constructed and enrobed in the atelier next door, where a team of chocolatiers working around the clock creates just 200 bonbons each day. Each piece is hand-trimmed by knife and brushed off like the most precious of jewels to create a perfect disk stamped with the Bvlgari logo. Ginger and red date is Shanghai's signature flavor, while Gorgonzola and orange is the chef's personal favorite.
Chocolate bonbons await around every corner at Waldorf Astoria Beverly Hills. They're given in takeaway boxes at Jean-Georges Beverly Hills after a decadent dinner, and left as turndown amenities along with travel-size La Prairie skincare products bedside each night. Pastry chef Deden Putra uses Valrhona chocolate couverture (he trained with Valrhona in France and Brooklyn) and his bonbon flavors change often. There might be matcha green tea bonbons in the relaxation lounge at the La Prairie spa or rich passion fruit ganache and nutty pralines for a midnight snack after dinner. You can even book a private chocolate making class for two with the master himself.
Experience the antioxidant properties of cacao from head to toe at Boucan by Hotel Chocolat in St Lucia. The Rabot estate was established in 1745 and is now a model for ethical and sustainable cacao farming, with stunning views of the Piton Mountains. Guests can tour cacao groves, munch on crunchy cacao beans and learn how to temper chocolate for the perfect snap when grinding and mixing their own individual bar. Then, visit the luxe spa for a massage with silky whipped cacao mousse after exfoliating with ground estate-grown cocoa beans, or opt for a facial with a fresh local cacao and banana face mask.
This 74-room Ritz-Carlton Hotel de la Paix, Geneva is the smallest Ritz-Carlton in the world. Grace Kelly used to stay in the presidential suite, now named in honor of the Princess of Monaco. One of Switzerland's most respected chocolatiers, Philippe Pascoët, has a shop adjacent to the lobby, and all guests are offered a complimentary chocolate and wine pairing during their stay. Not to mention, you also receive your choice from a treasure trove of bonbons at check-in and a nightly chocolate fix at turndown. The concierge can arrange a private chocolate-making workshop with Pascoët at his Carouge boutique, although be warned that the Frenchman doesn't speak English.
The secret recipe for the rich glaze on The Driskill's signature fudgy chocolate cake dates back to the 1970s and current executive pastry chef Tony Sansalone remembers making the unusual cake on his first day working at The Driskill 11 years ago. "There is no creaming method," he says. "There are no high ratio shortenings. Inspecting the batter after mixing it the first time, I had doubts that it was going to work. It didn't appear to look like batter but looked more like a melted chocolate milkshake, runny and wet. My new team assured me it would bake fine...and it did!" For this cake and many more recipes at 1886 Cafe & Bakery, Sansalone relies on 100% cocoa powder by Valrhona.
The sweet smell of chocolate will lead you right to Cafe Julie's, the new chocolate shop at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs. Watch chocolatier Amanda Houdek at work crafting delicate bonbons, like The Colorado, chocolate-dipped walnut nougat with a layer of honey orange ganache and topped with edible gold leaf. All the chocolate is from Valrhona in France, and the Broadmoor team has its own private dark chocolate blend. Signature hot chocolate at Julie's is served with a golden spoon and fanciful chocolate sculptures change with the seasons. You can even book a two-day chocolate culinary package and spend a full day with pastry chef Adam Thomas, working with chocolate in all its forms.


The burden of business rates increases has weighed heavily on the industry during the past year and with the price of everything else rising, including commercial kitchen equipment and labour, we've grown accustomed to hearing operators lament the costs they face.
But if anyone thinks it is used far too easily as an excuse for poor performance I urge them to take a look at a recent report by Colliers International into the impact of the 2017 Rating Revaluation on casual dining chains in particular.
It gives a sobering account of just how exorbitant the rise has been, focusing specifically on three chains at the centre of restructuring headlines since the start of this year: Byron, Jamie's Italian and Prezzo.
Analysing Business Rates Liability, Colliers estimates that Byron's total rateable value has increased an enormous 40% since last year, taking the figure from £7.764m to £10.63m.
Some restaurants, particularly in London, are seeing massive hikes. The Pavement, SW4 saw a 253% rise in rateable value, from £51,000 in 2010 to £180,000 due to the Revaluation, and the Cut in SE1 saw something similar.
For Jamie Oliver's restaurants, the total RV bill appears to have soared 28%, up £5.7m to £7.3m, with Brighton (up 154% from £68,000 to £173,000), Cheltenham (up 80% from £44,500 to £800,000) and Guildford (up 78% from £79,000 to £141,000) hit hardest.
And Prezzo, which this week was at the centre of headlines suggesting it is preparing a CVA that will lead to 100 stores closing, saw RV up 23% from £12.8m to £15.9m, with London outlets again most affected.
This includes a 116% rise in RV in North Audley Street (£78,000 to 169,000), 113% in Northumberland Avenue (from £168,000 to £357,500) and 80% in the Haymarket.
With the business rate multiplier at nearly 50p in the pound, it has never been more vital for chains to be sure about which outlets to keep open and which to consider closing.
Getting it wrong could leave some at the point of no return.


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Stigmatisation of mental illness among employees of a Northern Nigerian University
Taiwo L Sheikh1, Oluwatosin Adekeye2, Victor O Olisah2, Abdulaziz Mohammed1
1 Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Barnawa, Kaduna, Nigeria
2 Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Date of Web Publication 17-Nov-2015
Victor O Olisah
Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Kaduna State
Background: Prejudices against people with mental illness are widespread in many societies leading to a number of detrimental consequences. In order to adequately develop programmes and services that will help protect the rights and privileges of people with mental illness, it is imperative to study the nature of stigma and factors associated with it. Our objective in this study was to observe the level of stigmatisation of the mentally ill among employees of a Nigerian University and the factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and the Ahmadu Bello University main campus. Employing a two-staged random sampling technique, 15 departments were chosen from both institutions, after which 10 participants were further sampled from each department to obtain a total of 150 participants. All the participants were administered the socio-demographic questionnaire and Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitude 4 th version (MICA 4). Results: The findings indicate that 53.4% of respondents' classified as high stigmatisation while 46.6% was classified as low stigmatisation. Low scores on stigmatisation were observed among departments of psychiatry, nursing and ophthalmology, while high scores were observed among respondents from administration and engineering. Relationship between variables and predictors of stigmatisation were also established. Conclusion: There is a high tendency to stigmatise persons with mental illness except where there has been some contact with mental health practice or among the clinical departments in the hospital. We recommend community psychiatry care for the mentally ill and psycho-education for staff periodically to reduce this level of stigmatisation.
Keywords: Employees, mental illness, Nigeria, stigma, stigmatization
Sheikh TL, Adekeye O, Olisah VO, Mohammed A. Stigmatisation of mental illness among employees of a Northern Nigerian University. Niger Med J 2015;56:244-8
Sheikh TL, Adekeye O, Olisah VO, Mohammed A. Stigmatisation of mental illness among employees of a Northern Nigerian University. Niger Med J [serial online] 2015 [cited 2023 Jan 28];56:244-8. Available from: https://www.nigeriamedj.com/text.asp?2015/56/4/244/169697
Stigma can be defined as a sign of disgrace or discredit, which sets a person apart from others. [1] The stigmatisation of mental illness is a serious problem affecting patients and their relatives as well as institutions and health care personnel working with persons with mental illness. The more a mentally ill person feels stigmatised, the lower is their self-esteem, [2] social adjustment [3] and quality of life. [4],[5] Stigma can adversely affect family relationships, [6] lead to employment discrimination [7] and general social rejection. [8],[9] Finally, stigma is also a major reason why sufferers of mental illness fail to acknowledge their illness and it has been described as the underlying factor mitigating against the social re-integration of those recovering from mental illness. [10],[11],[12] Negative and stigmatising public attitudes towards mentally ill persons therefore have direct implications for the prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and quality of life of those affected.
Research findings from several countries have confirmed the global nature of negative attitudes towards the mentally ill. [13] Poor community knowledge of causes and the presentation of mental disorders have sometimes been advanced as reasons for stigmatising attitudes. [14] At the workplaces, mental illness is among the most difficult problems to handle. There are several enduring myths about employees with mental illness. The beliefs that they cannot handle stress, do quality work, are unpredictable and potentially violent and that their conditions are incurable. None of these is true, but if an employee senses that an employer believes them that could be enough to discourage a request for help leading to prolonged pain, suffering, decreased productivity and job losses.
Earlier research on stigmatisation of the mentally ill suggested that stigma might be less common in Africa, particularly in Muslim countries. [15] More recent work, however, show the contrary. [16] Indeed more recent studies from across Africa have suggested that the experience of stigma may be prominent in individuals with mental illness, their family and the community at large. [17] A study conducted among staff and medical students in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital found that the respondents held strongly negative views about the mentally ill. [14] This study supports earlier observations that stigmatisingviews about mental illness are not limited to uninformed members of the general public, but includes people working in the health sector and even those in contact with patients. [18],[19],[20],[21]
In Nigeria, orthodox mental health practice is characterised by paucity of facilities and mental health professionals, with concentration of care in the relatively few available psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units of some general and teaching hospitals. [22] Some studies in Nigeria have shown that lay respondents as well as health workers believe in the effectiveness of orthodox treatment. [23] However, despite the belief, it is found that the general public and health workers still maintain negative attitudes towards people with mental illness with negative consequences. Again, few studies have also shown that familiarity with someone with mental illness is associated with a more positive disposition towards people with mental illness. [21] Thus, it has been suggested that interventions aimed at modifying negative attitudes towards people with mental illness be put in place; such as psychiatric care of patients in the community settings and improving public education about mental illness.
In order to best protect the rights of those with mental disorders and to sensitively develop services, it is vital to gain a more accurate impression of the frequency and nature of stigma across Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the previous studies on stigmatisation of the mentally ill in Nigeria were carried out in the Southern part of the country and many were among community samples. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of stigmatisation of the mentally ill among employees of a Northern Nigerian University and to study its relationship with socio-demographic variables.
A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria and the Ahmadu Bello University main campus. There are five faculties in the University main campus. One department was randomly selected from each faculty leading to the selection of departments of chemical engineering, economics, history, physical education and chemistry. At the teaching hospital, five clinical departments and five non-clinical departments were randomly selected leading to the selection of the departments of psychiatry, ophthalmology, nursing, physiotherapy and pharmacy and departments of cash office, accounts, medical records, administration and laboratory, respectively. Out of the 15 departments selected in all, 10 employees were randomly selected from the staff list of each department to obtain a total of 150 participants in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants and ethical clearance for the study was granted by the hospital research and ethics committee.
All the participants were administered the questionnaire which contained both socio-demographic characteristics and Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale version 4 (MICA v4). In each department, a contact person was identified who administered the questionnaire to the selected participants.
The MICA v4 assesses attitudes towards mental illness of students or staff in any health discipline and is a 16-item scale modified from the MICA v2 previously developed for medical students". [24] For each of the 16 questions, the participants had the option to select one of six answers. These six answers are scored on a Likert-like scale and include: Strongly agree, agree, some what agree, some what disagree, disagree and strongly disagree. The lowest possible score on the MICA-4 is 16 and the highest is 96. A low score on the MICA-4 corresponds to a low stigmatising attitude and a high score to a high stigmatising attitude. The 16 questions in the MICA-4 identify five key themes. The first, "health/social care field and mental illness", corresponds to item numbers 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 16. The second, mental illness knowledge corresponds to items 1, 2, 5, 6 and 13. The third theme is disclosure and it corresponds to item numbers 4 and 7. The fourth theme is the ability to distinguish between both physical and mental health; it corresponds to item 8, 13, 14 and 15. The last theme, providing care to patients with a mental illness, corresponds to item numbers 9, 11 and 14. Some of the questions contribute to measurement of more than one theme. Of the 16 questions, 10 are reverse scored; they include items 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14 and 15. This meant that for these items strongly agree is scored with the highest number (6) and strongly disagree is scored with the lowest number (1). Gabbidon et al0., (2012) found the MICA-4 both reliable and valid. "The Cronbach's α value for the 16-item MICA v4 scale was 0.72, indicating good internal consistency". In the analysis of this research data, reliability of the MICA v4 in our pretest study population was evaluated. The Cronbach's α value was 0.76 which was similar to the α value found by Gabbidon et al ., [24] Standardisation of the MICA 4 for the intended sample was also carried out resulting in a mean score of 67.70 and this was used as the basis for the cut-off in this study.
The data collected was analysed using SPSS 16.
A total of 150 employees of Ahmadu Bello University participated in the study. The socio-demographic characteristics of participants are presented in [Table 1]. In this study, males constituted 75.3% and 60.5% of participants belong to age range of 36-45 years. Majority where Muslims (61.3%) and 56.7% had first-stage tertiary education.
Table 1: Showing socio-demographic variables
The mean stigma scores on the MICA by participants from the various departments are presented in [Figure 1]. The chart shows that high stigma scores were obtained from the Department of Administration in the teaching hospital followed by the Department of Engineering in the university. Low score on stigma was recorded in the department of psychiatry and indeed other clinical departments.
Figure 1: Bar chart showing distribution of stigma scores by departments
The correlation statistics among the socio-demographic characteristics, number of years of employment and participants' department against their MICA scores were presented in [Table 2]. There was a significant and strong relationship between department of the respondents and their MICA score while the relationship among religion, age, sex and MICA score though significant was weak. There was, however, no significant relationship between years of employment and all the other variables.
Table 2: Showing correlation matrix between variables
Multiple regression analysis was run to test predictors of stigma scores from the socio-demographic characteristics, years of employment and participants' department as shown in [Table 3]. There was a 47% contribution at the 0.05 level of significance from all the independent variables on the dependent variable (MICA score). Individually, however, the department of the participants contributed by 36%, educational level contributed by -23%, years of employment contributed by -.03%, religion contributed by 20% while age contributed by 28%.
Table 3: Showing regression analysis result
This study was carried out among an elite population working in a Nigerian University. One would expect that this population is enlightened and exposed to various aspects of life issues. However, the study found that stigmatisation of the mentally ill was high among participants in support of earlier observations that stigmatising views about mental illness are not limited to uninformed members of the general public, but includes people working in the health sector and even those in contact with patients. [18],[19],[20]
Participants working in the department of psychiatry and the other clinical departments in the teaching hospital had relatively lower MICA scores on stigmatisation compared to the non-clinical departments in both the teaching hospital and the University main campus. The likely reason for this difference is that participants from the clinical departments are more likely to have had contact with someone on treatment or recovering from mental illness. To further buttress this finding, participants from the Department of Psychiatry had the least score on stigma compared to the other clinical departments because they are directly involved in the care and management of the mentally ill within the hospital. They are also more likely to be the ones more enlightened about the nature of mental illness in terms of the causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis. This finding is in keeping with other studies that showed that familiarity with someone with mental illness is associated with a more positive disposition towards people with mental illness. [21]
Another significant but worrisome observation from this study was finding of the highest MICA scores (80) on stigmatisation in the administration department of the teaching hospital. This department is the one responsible for employment, termination of appointment and promotion of staff in the teaching hospital. The implication is that people with mental illness are likely to be discriminated against during staff recruitment, promotions or may even have their appointments unduly terminated. This will be in support of studies that have linked stigmatisation of the mentally ill to employment discrimination. [7]
The study found a significant and strong relationship between participants' department and their MICA scores with the clinical departments having lower scores on stigma. The participants' department was also found to be the highest contributor to the prediction of stigma scores (36%). This is in support of the notion that knowledge about mental illness and familiarity with the mentally ill is associated with a more positive disposition towards people with mental illness and lower scores on the MICA. The study also found that the participants' age, sex, education and religion had a significant but weak relationship with their MICA scores and all significantly contributed to the prediction of MICA score in support of some other studies. [21]
What is most evident from this study is that stigmatisation of people with mental illness is common among the elite population and healthcare workers in a Northern Nigerian University. Some other studies have attributed this to the fact that culturally enshrined beliefs about mental illness were prevalent among Nigerians. [21] This study also showed that knowledge about mental illness and familiarity with the mentally ill is associated with a lower tendency to stigmatise the mentally ill as shown by lower stigma scores from participants in psychiatry and other clinical departments of the teaching hospital. The importance of this finding is that policies or programmes aimed at reducing stigmatisation of the mentally ill in Nigeria must include measures that will improve the knowledge of Nigerians about mental illness and increase their familiarity or contact with people with mental illness. A strategy to reduce stigma is to educate the public about the causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis of mental illness. The public must know that mental disorders have a biological and neurological basis, and are not a character flaw or personal weakness. Another strategy is increased outreach to affected individuals and their families. Public health education campaigns should encourage people to recognise signs of mental illness in their loved ones and urge them to seek treatment. Campaigns that will engage celebrities, athletes and community members who have been affected by a mental illness to come forward as role models for those who are silently struggling will be very helpful. The Nigerian film industry often portrays the mentally ill as suffering from a disease that is incurable and caused by demonic possession in their movies. Strategies that will educate film makers about mental illness so that they act movies that will correctly enlighten the public about mental illness will help in reducing stigma.
Effective integration of mental health into primary healthcare in Nigeria is another strategy that will significantly reduce stigmatisation of the mentally ill. This will improve case detection and psychiatric management of the mentally ill within the community where people are more likely to have contact with them as they recover from their illness.
Stigmatisation of people with mental illness is common among employees of a Nigerian university. Knowledge about mental illness and familiarity or contact with the mentally ill is important in reducing stigma. Mental health policies of countries in Africa must include anti-stigma educational programmes and encourage diagnosis, treatment and care of people with mental illness in the community.
I wish to acknowledge the material support from the management of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna by providing stationeries and the Mental Illness Clinicians Attitudes scale version 4 instrument used in the study.
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stigmatization
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David Bakke shares tips for shopping smart, saving money, and investing for the future on the blog Money Crashers Personal Finance.
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Louville-la-Chenard  es una población y comuna francesa, en la región de  Centro, departamento de Eure y Loir, en el distrito de Chartres y cantón de Voves.

Demografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 INSEE
 Elecciones municipales de 2008

Louville Chenard

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For a reconciliation of adjusted figures, please refer to the PDF.
Net income5 for the fourth quarter of 2017 increased by 16% at constant currency to EUR 394 million. Adjusted for the impact from (i) the unfavorable effects of the VA Agreement (EUR 1 million), (ii) natural disaster costs in North America (EUR 3 million), (iii) FCPA related charge (EUR 200 million), as well as (iv) the benefit from the U.S. tax reform (EUR 236 million), net income was EUR 362 million (0%, +6% at constant currency). Based on approximately 306.9 million shares (weighted average number of shares outstanding), basic earnings per share (EPS) improved by 8%, to EUR 1.28. Adjusted for the effects described before, EPS was EUR 1.18 (0%, +6% at constant currency).
For 2017 net income5 increased by 14% at constant currency to EUR 1,280 million. Excluding the four effects described in the previous paragraph ((i) EUR +51 million, (ii) EUR -11 million, (iii) EUR -200 million, and (iv) EUR +236 million), net income increased to EUR 1,204 million (+5%, +7% at constant currency). Based on approximately 306.6 million shares, basic EPS increased from EUR 3.74 to EUR 4.17 (+12%). Excluding the effects described above, EPS increased to EUR 3.93 (+5%, +7% at constant currency).
Fresenius Medical Care will hold a press conference at its headquarters in Bad Homburg, Germany to discuss the results of the fourth quarter and full year 2017 on Tuesday, February 27, 2018, at 10 am CET. The press conference will be webcasted at the company's website. A replay will be available shortly after the conference.
Fresenius Medical Care will hold a conference call to discuss the results of the fourth quarter and full year 2017 on Tuesday, February 27, at 3:30 p.m. CET / 9:30 a.m. EDT. The company invites investors to follow the live webcast of the call on the company's website. A replay will be available shortly after the call.
Please refer to the PDF for a complete overview of the results for the fourth quarter and full year 2017.


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Intelbrief / IntelBrief: How was the Capitol Insurrection Viewed by Far-Right Extremists Globally?
IntelBrief: How was the Capitol Insurrection Viewed by Far-Right Extremists Globally?
Photo by: Mihoko Owada/STAR MAX/IPx 2021 1/6/21 (Washington, D.C.)
Bottom Line Up Front
The storming of the U.S. Capitol in early January will serve as inspiration for far-right violent extremists abroad, including in Europe and Asia.
2021 could be a banner year for growing ties between far-right violent extremists globally, especially if COVID restrictions lift and travel resumes.
Important differences exist between far-right and white supremacist groups in the U.S. and Europe, but growing synergies could change the dynamics.
The Capitol insurrection could potentially divide elements of the far-right, as political leaders abroad will be pressed to publicly denounce violence.
Most experts agree that the storming of the U.S. Capitol in early January 2021 will serve as inspiration for domestic violent extremists in the United States. But how was this event viewed by far-right extremists abroad, including in Europe? European far-right leaders were watching the Capitol insurrection closely and based on propaganda circulating online, are attempting to feed off the energy and momentum of what happened in Washington D.C. to recruit and fundraise for their own movement. In late August 2020, hundreds of far-right activists in Berlin attempted, but failed, to overrun police and storm the Reichstag (German parliament). While that attempt in Germany was a failure, the successful storming of the Capitol in the United States appears to have provided a boost to a range of far-right groups in Europe, with reports they consider it a successful first attempt, to be improved upon in the future. In Europe, including in Germany, the QAnon conspiracy has gained further ground and is likely to infuse new recruits into far-right movements, further complicating the challenge for law enforcement and security services. QAnon in Germany has circulated disinformation about election fraud in the United States, which was amplified online by a local chapter of Alternative for Germany, a far-right political party.
Worldwide, far-right groups are expressing solidarity with the American insurrectionists and shifting the far-right ideological and operational center towards the United States from Europe. 2021 could be a banner year for growing ties between far-right extremists globally, including white supremacists and neo-Nazis from North America to Europe, and from South Africa to the Asia-Pacific. Just recently, in what came as a surprise to many, a 16 year-old boy in Singapore was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act for allegations that he was planning terrorist attacks against Muslims at two separate mosques. The teenager, a Christian of Indian ethnicity, was apparently motivated by the March 2019 Christchurch attack in New Zealand. If COVID-19 restrictions are eased by later this year – as many public health authorities predict with the further distribution of effective vaccines – far-right extremists will seek to take advantage, traveling abroad to network in person and forge stronger bonds. Public gatherings will offer opportunities for extremists to mingle and connect, vet each other in person, and attend concerts, rallies, and sporting events where they build rapport and swap ideas and, critically, raise funds.
There are still important differences between aspects of the far-right in the United States and elements in Europe, although there appear to be growing synergies. Martin Sellner, the leading figure in Europe's Generation Identity movement and married to a prominent American white nationalist (Brittany Pettibone), spoke openly about the events of January 6 at the Capitol. He indicated that Europeans would seek to harness the momentum resulting from the insurrection. The Proud Boys, one of the main agitators in the insurrection, have attempted to reach out and express solidarity with other far-right groups operating abroad, including in Germany, the United Kingdom, Poland, France, and Turkey. Matthew Heimbach, a white nationalist who founded the Traditionalist Worker Party and helped organize the 2017 'Unite the Right' rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, was a leading proponent of forging closer ties between the American and European far-right. Heimbach, who now claims to have renounced white nationalism, spent years networking with groups in Czech Republic, Germany, and Greece and was linked to the Russian Imperial Movement (RIM), an organization designated by the U.S. Department of State as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) entity in 2020.
Far-right politicians in Europe, including Matteo Salvini (Lega Nord), Giorgia Meloni (Fratelli d'Italia), and Marine Le Pen (Rassemblement National) each supported former U.S. President Donald Trump when he continued to make baseless claims about electoral fraud; yet, they attempted to distance themselves rhetorically from the violence that followed. In some ways, the open display of violence at the Capitol and the fact that several people were killed in the ensuing chaos could be a wake-up call for far-right politicians in Europe, a stark reminder of the consequences of stoking nativist rage. For a generation sometimes distanced from its legacy in Europe, this may be key. As a result, some far-right politicians in Europe could look to consolidate gains by pulling individuals and groups at the fringes of the far-right closer toward the political mainstream. In that sense, the Capitol insurrection could split the European far-right, as parliamentary movements and street movements diverge. Nonetheless, a more politically 'mainstream' far-right movement would in itself be destructive in the long run, opening opportunities to institutionalize their ideology. If this divergence occurs and hardliners are motivated to perpetrate violence, another beneficiary would be that most extreme fringes of the European far-right, most notably white supremacy extremists and neo-Nazis, networks which would attempt to absorb the most hardcore elements of a far-right in flux.


text:
Q: Attempt to re-open an already-closed object: java.lang.IllegalStateException:? I know this question has asked many times in SO,but i couldn't figure out my exact problem.
I am using the following code to get the data from the database(Table1) and update another Table2 based on retrieval value. Its working fine in some android versions but when i gone to test with Android 4.0.3. I am geting this java.lang.IllegalStateException:?.attempt to re-open an already-closed object at sum_cursor.moveToNext();.
I am using this code in AsyncTask.
 /** Sum of total matched values*/
            Cursor sum_cursor = db.gettotalMatchvalue(this);
             if(sum_cursor!=null)
             {
                 sum_cursor.moveToFirst();
                 for(int j=0; j<sum_cursor.getCount();j++)
                 {
                     float totalmatchedscore = sum_cursor.getInt(0);
                     float totalingredients = Float.parseFloat(sum_cursor.getString(sum_cursor.getColumnIndex(APPDatabase.CK_TOTALINCREDIENTS)));
                     /**average = totalscore/totalingredients*/
                     double average = totalmatchedscore/totalingredients;
                     int id = Integer.parseInt(sum_cursor.getString(sum_cursor.getColumnIndex(APPDatabase.CK_ID)));

                 db.updateAverage(id, average);
                 sum_cursor.moveToNext(); //Here is the problem
                 }
             }
             db.close();

My update method coding
/** Update average */
public void updateAverage(int id,double average)
{
    SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();
    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
    values.put(CK_FINALVALUE,average);
    db.update(TABLE, values,CK_ID+" = "+id , null);
}

What i am doing wrong here?
I know many of you come across this situation. Could you help me guys.
Thanks for your help.

A: You can't update a table while iterating over the results of a query. There are good reasons for this; what if the data you are adding would cause a change to the data you're iterating over? Your cursor would not return valid data.
Trying to store data back into the table in updateAverage() is causing the problem. You should just remember the average value during your loop, and then update it once at the end after you've finished looping over your cursor.
To further explain the exact error you're getting: the act of inserting new data is causing the database to close all the cursors which are currently open, as a safety measure. So when you call sum_cursor.moveToNext() after updating the average, the cursor is a bit surprised to find that it's already been closed.

A: What if you comment out db.updateAverage(id, average) ?

A: You can achieve your goal with pure SQL it is faster and better from architecture point of View because all logic will be in one SQL transaction
REPLACE INTO table_where_to_put  SELECT *, (totalmatchedscore/totalingredients) as average  FROM table_with_input_data

Use REPLACE OR UPDATE


text:
Q: The need to use inherit in CSS Been looking at a premium theme and see that for various text and elements on the page, when inspected - many have inherit and 0 for the values.
Why would these not be left blank if they are not required and automatically inherited from the parent? Does it perhaps save on load time?
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
font-size: 100%;
font: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
font-family: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
font-style: inherit;
font-weight: inherit;

A: This is done to override browser defaults.
Most browsers themselves apply their own style declarations to make basic HTML pages look prettier. Unfortunately these style declarations often clash with how a designer wants a web page to look. The way to overcome this is to reset the styles to what they should be by default.
Example
A good example of this is with heading and p tags. Take the following example:

Hello, world!

Woah, that's a big heading!

Without any custom styling applied, these elements use styles provided by the browser. One of the styles used here is margin, and that's what's putting the large gaps between each element.
We can reset these ourselves by setting the margin to 0:

* {
  margin: 0;
}

Hello, world!

Woah, that's a big heading!

Because of the need to reset such styles public stylesheets like Normalize.css exist, whose intention is to do nothing more than reset (and normalize) all elements to look the same across different browsers.


"The authors examined peer coaching in the context of the Mentored Implementation Program developed in the Appalachian Mathematics and Science Partnership. The experimental design contained 6 teachers receiving peer coaching with their 202 students and 5 teachers in the control group with their 105 students. Teachers considered peer coaching a positive experience, identifying scheduling and distance as roadblocks. Centering around (a) organization of learning, (b) management of classroom, and (c) mathematical content and pedagogy, collaborative interactions during the post-classroom-observation conferences were brief and showed (a) a lack of analysis, (b) a positive tone and support, (c) a proportional pattern of talk, and (d) a lack of depth in discussion. Peer coaching was not associated with any improvement in mathematics achievement of students."
Reprinted with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Published by Heldref Publications, 1319 Eighteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802. Copyright 2009.


Describe Alternative Characters Equipment: fairly geared. mostly blue / green items. also equipt with a purple 2h sword.
Describe Alternative Characters Equipment: gear is decent. geared with blue and green items. with an epic shield.
Describe Alternative Characters Equipment: not that well geared. just an alt that i've stopped using after making my priest of mitra (My main).
Describe Alternative Characters Equipment: Also has a pretty good gear set. Both charecters are raid flagged.


Should I add a diversity statement?
PS A or PS B -- Or neither?
personal statement - please critique!
Personal Statement - 1st Draft PLEASE HELP!!!!
PS Tailored to School / PDF?
Is this a big mistake that might hurt me?
About to submit applications and need reviews of my PS!!
how to write a "why i want to go to your school" paragraph?
Are you supposed to put a header on your PS?
How do you make space between paragraphs??
What is the smallest font?
Do you double-space after a period?
Any grammatical erros in my Diversity Statement?


text:
Humanitys Bill of Rights William Cadwallader
Published: July 1st 2012
Humanitys Bill of Rights by William Cadwallader
July 1st 2012 | Paperback | PDF, EPUB, FB2, DjVu, AUDIO, mp3, RTF | 128 pages | ISBN: 9781477481561 | 8.40 Mb
This ambitious manifesto declares a universal set of rights, guarantees, and civil liberties for all humans, regardless of nationality, gender, sexual orientation, religion, disability, or race. The author has approached this project with the goal of providing a comprehensive plan to resolve many of the worlds major problems. The documents core philosophy is rooted in the belief that all of the earths inhabitants share a common humanity. We are all children of humanity, all genetic descendants of those that walked this Earth thousands of years prior.
Scientists have been able to determine that every person on this planet is a descendant of a small band of people that walked the Earth many years ago, writes author William Earl Cadwallader II. Although we are all different-speaking different languages, have different skin tones, have different beliefs, and live different lives-we all have the same right to live our lives upon this Earth as we see fit, less we harm none.
His far-reaching, twenty-four section bill of rights addresses a range of key concerns, from guaranteeing freedom of speech, religion, and choice of whom to marry to providing deep rights to access medical care, fair trials by jury, and domestic privacy. His document outlines a series of protections from unlawful search and seizure, cruel and unlawful imprisonment, and a ban on human slavery and forced servitude. Addressing concerns in the Third World, Humanitys Bill of Rights lays out an explicit ban on multi-level and caste societies while calling for clear definitions on a rulers term in power.
This serious declaration is not without its humor. It does after all start with a quote from Transformer character Optimus Prime (Freedom is the right of all sentient beings) and ends with lyrics from Happy, a hit song by celebrity drag queen entertainer RuPaul. Throughout the book, he intersperses his declarations of human rights guarantees with a history of various countries social movements.
He discusses the international womens suffrage rights movement and the spread of workers unionization in the early 1900s. He touches on the Los Angeles riots of 1992 and the Tiananmen Square uprising of 1989.
History can be a great teacher for us all. It can teach us lessons learned by others in many areas of life, even show us the power of what protesting and gathering can accomplish, writes Cadwallader. If we are to continue to grow and prosper, then we must allow all voices to be heard. Though some may call this work overly idealistic, Cadwallader sees his text as simply outlining an ethics for treating each other with the same dignity and respect we would like for ourselves.
He believes such a universal ethos would go a long way in eliminating much of the violence, poverty, pollution, and political suppression now plaguing the planet and its human species.
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text:
Q: What, exactly, is the fundamental group of a free loop space? In these two questions from a few years ago, there was some discussion of the homotopy groups of the free loop space $LX$ of a topological space $X$, which, mysteriously, is the only reference I can find on the issue, although there has been a lot of work on (co)homology of free loop spaces.
The long exact sequence of the fibration $\Omega X\to LX\to X$ helps a lot in computing $\pi_i(LX,c(x))$, where $x\in X$ and $c:X\to LX$ is the embedding of constant loops. Since $c$ admits a retraction, all the boundary maps in the long exact sequence vanish. Then the higher homotopy groups are easy: $\pi_i(LX)\cong \pi_i X\oplus \pi_{i+1} X$, when $i>1$.
For the fundamental group, you get $\pi_1(LX,c(x))\cong \pi_2(X,x)\rtimes_\rho  \pi_1(X,x)$ where $\rho$ is some action of $\pi_1$ on $\pi_2$. It's a natural guess that $\rho$ should be the usual action of $\pi_1$ on $\pi_2$, but I'm not so sure. Given $\gamma\in\pi_1(X)$ represented by $g$ and $\alpha\in\pi_2(X)$ represented by $a:S^2\to X$, the usual action makes $\gamma\cdot\alpha$ the class of some map $a'$ which is homotopic to $a$ by a homotopy sending the basepoint around $g$.
But $\rho$ has to be the conjugation action in $\pi_1(LX,c(x))$, which we can describe concretely as the group of pointed homotopy classes of pinched tori $TP\to X$ based at $x$. Then to calculate $\rho(\gamma)(\alpha)$, we view $g$ and $a$ as degenerate pinched tori, take the concatenation $g^{-1}* a * g$, and then contract the path $g^{-1}*g$ the base point follows in the result. This doesn't look the same as the usual action to me.
For illustration, here's a possibly-incomprehensible sketch. These pictures are describing maps $S^2\to X$ as maps from the square $I^2$. Darkened lines are mapped to $x$, arrows are copies of $g$,
 and diagonally filled regions are copies of $a$. I don't see that any two of the three 2-spheres $a,\rho(\gamma)(\alpha),$ and $\gamma * \alpha$ are equivalent in $\pi_2(X)$, although surely $\rho(\gamma)(\alpha)$ must be one or the other. Anybody have any idea which?

A: In an answer to this question, I learned the following from Tyrone, citing G. Lang's The evaluation map and the EHP spectral sequence.
Let $(X,x)$ be a pointed connected space, and let $\lambda \in LX$ be a lift of the basepoint -- equivalently, $\lambda \in \Omega X$. Then we have a pointed fibration sequence
$$(\Omega X, \lambda) \to (LX, \lambda) \to (X,x)$$
and an induced long exact sequence in homotopy. To a large extent, then, your question boils down to determining what the boundary map $\pi_{n+1}(X) \to \pi_{n}(\Omega X)$ is in the long exact sequence. As you've anticipated, this map is not the canonical isomorphism between these groups. According to Lang, this boundary map is the Whitehead product with $\lambda$, i.e. it's $[-,\lambda]: \pi_{n+1}(X) \to \pi_{n+1}(X)$.
When $n=0$, this comes to saying that the map is $\alpha \mapsto \alpha \lambda \alpha^{-1}$, and we recover the fact that $\pi_0(LX)$ is in canonical bijection with the set of conjugacy classes in $\pi_1(X)$. The kernel of the map with basepoint $\lambda$ is the centralizer $Z_{\pi_1(X)}(\lambda)$.
So to partially answer your question, we have that $\pi_1(LX,\lambda)$ sits in a short exact sequence
$$0 \to \operatorname{coker}(\pi_2(X) \xrightarrow{[-,\lambda]} \pi_2(X)) \to \pi_1(LX,\lambda) \to Z_{\pi_1(X)}(\lambda) \to 0$$
and more generally, we have a short exact sequence
$$0 \to \operatorname{coker}(\pi_{n+1}(X) \xrightarrow{[-,\lambda]} \pi_{n+1}(X)) \to \pi_n(LX,\lambda) \to \operatorname{ker}(\pi_{n}(X) \xrightarrow{[-,\lambda]} \pi_{n}(X)) \to 0$$
But I don't know anything about describing the relevant extension. I think that the relevant action of $Z_{\pi_1(X)}(\lambda)$ on $\pi_2(X)/[-,\lambda]$ is at least the usual action of $\pi_1$ on $\pi_2$, but I'm not really sure.

A: This question is discussed on p.293, Example 9.3.8, of the book partially titled Nonabelian Algebraic Topology. It is sufficient to assume that $X$ is the classifying space of a crossed module $\mathcal M$ of the form $ \mu : M \to P$ over a group $P$.  Then the aim is to extend $\mathcal M$ trivially to a crossed complex and to describe explicitly the crossed complex
$$L \mathcal M = CRS(\mathbb K(\mathbb Z,1), \mathcal M)$$
where $CRS$ is the internal hom for the monoidal closed structure on the category $Crs$ of crossed complexes, and $\mathbb K(\mathbb Z,1)$ is the crossed complex model of the circle.  Since $CRS$  has an explicit description, given in that Chapter of the book, you can write things down.
This was being worked over in more detail after arXiv:1003.5617 with some GAP calculations by a colleague,  but the final version did not get completed, I fear, so just the sketch appeared in the book. I'll look at it again.
So I am glad to see the question asked again, and hope this helps.
In view of the equivalence  between the monoidal closed structure of crossed complexes and of their cubical analogue, it could  be possible to relate this approach to Kevin's pictures.

A: The action $\rho$ is indeed the standard action. This can be seen from your picture for the action of $\gamma$ on $\alpha \in \pi_2(X)$: the "horizontal central strip" of that picture can be regarded as the based loop $\rho(\gamma)(\alpha) \colon [0,1] \to LX$. The whole picture can then be regarded as a path homotopy between that loop and $\gamma \ast \alpha$ (regarded as a loop on $\Omega X \subset LX$) - see the picture below.
Since the picture for $\gamma \ast \alpha$ is symmetric with respect the median horizontal line the picture below does indeed describe a path homotopy in LX.

The vertical edges of the rectangles are constant equal to the base point. In the middle rectangle, along the top and bottom horizontal edges we have the first half of $\gamma$, followed by a constant path equal to $\gamma(\frac 1 2)$, followed by the first half of $\gamma$ in reverse.


text:
Alexander Neumann (* 15. Oktober 1861 in Heinzendorf bei Bielitz, Österreichisch-Schlesien; † 16. Juni 1947 in Wellington) war ein österreichischer Architekt vornehmlich des spätklassizistischen Reformstils.

Leben
Alexander Neumann war der Sohn des jüdischen Fabrikanten Moritz Neumann aus Teschen. Er besuchte von 1874 bis 1882 die Realschule in Bielitz. Danach ging er nach Wien und studierte bis 1888 an der Bauschule der Technischen Hochschule bei Heinrich von Ferstel und Karl König. Nach Ablegung der 2. Staatsprüfung machte er eine Studienreise durch Italien, Spanien und Frankreich.

Seine berufliche Laufbahn begann er von 1888 bis 1891 bei Oberbaurat Niedzielski, danach bis 1894 im Büro Fellner & Helmer, wo er Atelierchef war. 1895 erwarb er die Stadtbaumeisterkonzession und machte sich selbständig. 1909 ging er eine Bürogemeinschaft mit Ernst Gotthilf ein, die sehr erfolgreich verlief. Das Büro war vor allem auf die Errichtung von Bankgebäuden spezialisiert. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg gingen die Aufträge zurück.

Alexander Neumann war mit der Malerin Hedwig Pisling verheiratet. Ihr Sohn Friedrich war ebenfalls Architekt. Nach Beendigung seiner Ausbildung trat er 1923 in das väterliche Architekturbüro ein, während sich der Vater daraus zurückzog. Im Mai 1939 emigrierte Neumann mit seiner Frau nach Australien, wo sie der zuvor nach Neuseeland emigrierte Sohn nach Wellington holte. Dort starb Alexander Neumann mit 88 Jahren.

Werk
Alexander Neumann verfügte über die gesamte Palette architektonischer Formensprache der Jahrhundertwende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert in Wien. Je nach gestellter Aufgabe setzte er unterschiedliche Stile ein. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die Bankgebäude der Architektengemeinschaft Gotthilf und Neumann. Sie entsprechen im Inneren modernsten technischen Standards und im Äußeren dem Repräsentationsbedürfnis der Auftraggeber. Die Verwendung gediegener Materialien und klassizistischer Formen suggeriert Sicherheit und Wertbeständigkeit der Geldinstitute.

 Gartentrakt, Landstraßer Hauptstraße 138–140, Wien 3 (1891)
 3 Wohnhäuser, Bielitz, Österreichisch-Schlesien (bis 1894)
 Villa, Christalniggasse 6, Baden, Niederösterreich (1893–1894)
 Villa, Pötzleinsdorfer Straße 34, Wien 18 (1896) mit Ludwig Schmidl
 Miethaus, Währinger Gürtel 88, Wien 9 (1897) mit Ludwig Schmidl, Fassade abgeschlagen
 Miethaus, Schaumburgergasse 20, Wien 4 (1898)
 Miethaus, Stubenring 22, Wien 1 (1900–1902)
 Wohnhaus, Parkstraße/Drobneho 22, Brünn, Mähren (1903–1904)
 Gebäude des Wiener Bankvereines, Na Prikope 1, Stare Mesto, Prag (1906–1908) mit Josef Zasche aus Prag
 Miethaus, Döblinger Hauptstraße 56, Wien 19 (1907)
 Miethaus, Porzellangasse 36, Wien 9 (1907)
 Wohnhaus, Kupelwiesergasse 13, Wien 13 (1908)
 Miethaus, Döblinger Hauptstraße 60, Wien 19 (1909)
 Bielitz-Bialaer Kammgarnspinnerei AG, Bielitz-Biala, Österreichisch-Schlesien (um 1909)
 Wiener Bankverein, Schottengasse 6–8, Wien 1 (1909–1912) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Zweigstelle des Wiener Bank-Vereins in Istanbul (1909) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Miethaus, Lange Gasse 67, Wien 8 (1910)
 Miethaus, Lange Gasse 74, Wien 8 (1910)
 Miethaus, Alser Straße 21, Wien 8 (1910–1911) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Bankgebäude für den Wiener Bankverein, Kremser Gasse 39, St. Pölten (1911)
 Bürogebäude der Versicherungsgesellschaft "Der Anker", Hoher Markt 10–12, Wien 1 (1913) mit Ernst Gotthilf, nach Kriegsschäden innen vollständig erneuert
 Gebäude der N.Ö. Escompte-Gesellschaft, Am Hof 2, Wien 1 (1913–1914) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Wohnhaus, Ungargasse 39, Wien 3 (1914) Dekoration teilweise, prunkvolle Toranlage total abgetragen
 Ehemaliges Bankgebäude des Wiener Bankvereines, Hauptplatz 14, Graz (1915–1920) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Miethausgruppe, Schwarzenbergplatz 7–8, Wien 3 (1916) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Bankgebäude, Renngasse 2 (Freyung 8), Wien 1 (1916–1921) mit Ernst Gotthilf, heute Bank Austria Kunstforum; seit August 2012 auch Sitz des Verfassungsgerichtshofes
 Palais Fanto, Schwarzenbergplatz 6 / Zaunergasse 1–3 / Lisztstrasse 10 / Daffingergasse 10, Wien 3 (1917–1918) mit Ernst Gotthilf, später Sitz des Österr. Branntwein-Monopols, heute Arnold Schönberg Center
 Adaption für die Wiener Lombard- und Escompte-Bank, Schottengasse 10, Wien 1 (1921–1922)
 Bürohaus der Österreichischen Creditanstalt für Handel und Gewerbe, Kaiserfeldgasse 5, Graz (1922) mit Ernst Gotthilf
 Palais, Kreindlgasse 25, Wien 19 (1923) mit Ernst Gotthilf, nach Kriegsschäden 1951 von Franz Schuster adaptiert
 Villa, Blaasstraße 34, Wien 19 (1929) mit Ernst Gotthilf und Friedrich Neumann

 Bürogebäude "Der Anker" in Prag und in Pressburg, Gebäude der BEBKA, Prag, Am Graben neben dem Pulverturm / Na Příkopě, mit Karl Jaray
 Palais des Wiener Bankvereines in Konstantinopel, Gebäude der Banque balcanique in Sofia, Bulgarien, Wiener Bankverein in Lemberg, Wiener Bankverein in Agram

Literatur
Helmut Weihsmann: In Wien erbaut. Lexikon der Wiener Architekten des 20. Jahrhunderts. Hrsg.: Promedia. Wien 2005, ISBN 3-85371-234-7, S. 267

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Architekt des Historismus
Architekt (Wien)
Österreichischer Emigrant zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus
Österreicher
Geboren 1861
Gestorben 1947
Mann


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