(1) This Act may be called the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
1. See Annexure for notifications under Section 1(3).
(f) "Owner", used with reference to an animal, includes not only the owner but also any other person for the time being in possession or custody of the animal, whether with or without the consent of the owner.
(i) "Street" includes any way, road, lane, square, court, alley, passage or open space, whether a thorough fare or not to which the public have access.
1. Substituted by Act 26 of 1982 which came into force on 30th July 1982.
It shall be the duty of every person having the care or charge of any animal to take all reasonable measures to ensure the well being of such animal and to prevent the infliction upon such animal of unnecessary pain or suffering.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 3, for the words "Animal Welfare Board".
(2) The Board shall be a body corporate having perpetual succession and a common seal with power, subject to the provisions of this Act, to acquire, hold and dispose of property and may by its name sue and be sued.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 4 for the words "Animal Welfare Board".
(i) Six Members of Parliament, four to be elected by the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and two by the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
(2) Any of the persons referred to in clause (a) or 3 [clause (b) or clause (ba) or clause (bb)] of sub-section (1) may depute any other person to attend any of the meetings of the Board.
1. Inserted by Act 26 of 1982; Section 5(a)(i).
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S.5 (a)(ii), for the original clause.
3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S.5 (b), for the word, brackets and letter "clause (b)".
4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; Section 5(c) for the original clause.
1[Reconstitution of the Board. (1) In order that the Chairman and other members of the Board hold office till the same date and that their terms of office come to an end on the same date, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, reconstitute, as soon as may be after the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Amendment) Act, 1982 comes into force, the Board.
(2) The Board as reconstituted under sub-section (1) shall be reconstituted from time to time on the expiration of every third year from the date of its reconstitution under sub-section (1).
1[Terms of office and conditions of service of Members of the Board. (1) The term for which the Board may be reconstituted under section 5A shall be three years from the date of the reconstitution and the Chairman and other Members of the Board as so reconstituted shall hold office till the expiry of the term for which the Board has been so reconstituted.
(d) The Central Government may, at any time, remove for reasons to be recorded in writing a Member from office after giving him a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the proposed removal and any vacancy caused by such removal shall be treated as casual vacancy for the purpose of clause (c).
(3) The Members of the Board shall receive such allowances, if any, as the Board may, subject to the previous approval of the Central Government, provide by regulations made in this behalf.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982, S. i, for the original Section.
(1) The Central Government shall appoint 1[x x x] the Secetary of the Board.
(2) Subject to such rules as may be made by the Central Government in this behalf, the Board may appoint such member of other officers and employees as may be necessary for the exercise of its powers and the discharge of its functions and may determine the terms and conditions of service of such officers and other employees by regulations made by it with the previous approval of the Central Government.
1. The words "one of its officers to be" omitted by Act, 26 of 1982.
The funds of the Board shall consist of grants made to it from time to time by the Government and of contributions, donations, subscriptions, bequests, gifts and the like made to it by any local authority or by any other person.
(l) To advise the Government on any matter connected with animal welfare or the prevention of infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982, S. 9(a) for the word "ameliorating the condition of beats of burden".
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 9(b) for the words "the formation of pinjrapoles, sanctuaries and the like".
The Board may, subject to the previous approval of the Central Government, make such regulations as it may think fit for the administration of its affairs and for carrying out its functions.
Provided that where on owner is convicted of permitting cruelty by reason only of having failed to exercise such care and supervision, he shall not be liable to imprisonment without the option of a fine.
(e) The commission or omission of any act in the course of the destruction or the preparation for destruction of any animal as food for mankind unless such destruction or preparation was accompanied by the infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982, S. 10 (a) (i) for the words "employs in any work or labour any animal which, by reason of any disease".
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. I0 (a (ii) for the words "any domestic or captive animal".
3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982, S. 10(a)(iii) for the words "any captive animal".
4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 10(a)(iv) for the original clause.
5. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 10(a)(v) for the original clause.
6. The words "for the purpose of his business" omitted by Act 26 of 1982, S. 10(a)(vi).
7. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 10(a)(vii) for the portion beginning with the words "in the case of a first offence" and ending with the words "or with both".
If any person performs upon any cow or other milch animal the operation called phooka or 1[doom dev or any other operation (including injection of any substance) to improve lactation which is injurious to the health of the animal] or permits such operation being performed upon any such animal in his possession or under his control, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with both, and the animal on which the operation was performed shall be forfeited to the Government.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 11, for the words "doom dev".
Providing that unless the owner assents thereto, no order shall be made under this section except upon the evidence of a veterinary officer in charge of the area.
(2) When any magistrate, commissioner of police or district superintendent of police has reason to believe that an offence under section 11 has been committed in respect of any animal, he may direct the immediate destruction of the animal, if in his opinion, it would be cruel to keep the animal alive.
(4) No appeal shall lie, from any order of a magistrate for the destruction of an animal.
Nothing contained in this Act shall render unlawful the performance of experiments (including experiments involving operations) on animals for the purpose of advancement by new discovery of physiological knowledge or of knowledge which will be useful for saving or for prolonging life or alleviating suffering or for combating any disease, whether of human beings, animals or plants.
(1) If at any time, on the advice of the Board, the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary so to do for the purpose of controlling and supervision experiments on animals, it may, by notification in the official Gazette, constitute a Committee consisting of such number of officials and non-officials, as it may think fit to appoint thereto.
(2) The Central Government shall nominate one of the Members of the Committee to be its Chairman.
(3) The Committee shall have power to regulate its own procedure in relation to the performance of its duties.
(4) The funds of the Committee shall consist of grants made to it from time to time by the Government and of contributions, donations, subscriptions, bequests, gifts and the like made to it by any person.
1[Sub-Committees. (1) The Committee may constitute as many subcommittees as it thinks fit for exercising any power or discharging any duty of the Committee or for inquiring into or reporting and advising on any matter which the Committee may refer.
1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1982, S. 13.
Subject to the control of the Central Government, the Committee may appoint such number of officers and other employees as may be necessary to enable it to exercise its powers and perform its duties, and may determine the remuneration and other terms and conditions of service of such officers and other employees.
(1) It shall be the duty of the Committee to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after the performance of experiments on them, and for that purpose it may, by notification in the Gazette of India and subject to the condition of previous publication, make such rules as it may think fit in relation to the conduct of such experiments.
(h) That suitable records are maintained with respect to experiments performed on animals.
(3) In making any rules under this section, the Committee shall be guided by such directions as the Central Government (consistently with the object for which the Committee is set up) may give to it, and the Central Government is hereby authorised to give such directions.
(4) All rules made by the Committee shall be binding on all individuals performing experiments outside institutions and on person's incharge of institutions in which experiments are performed.
1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1982, S. 14.
(b) Require any person to produce any record kept by him with respect to experiments on animals.
If the Committee is satisfied, on the report of any officer or other person made to it as a result of any inspection under section 18 or otherwise, that the rules made by it under section 17 are not being complied with by any person or institution carrying on experiments on animals, the Committee may, after giving an opportunity to the person or institution of being heard in the matter, by order, prohibit the person or institution from carrying on any such experiments either for a specified period or indefinitely, or may allow the person or institution to carry on such experiments subject to such special conditions as the Committee may think fit to impose.
(b) Commits a breach of any condition imposed by the Committee under that section; he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, and, when the contravention or breach of condition has taken place in any institution the person in charge of the institution shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be punishable accordingly.
In this Chapter, "exhibit means exhibit or any entertainment to which the public are admitted through sale of tickets, and "exhibitor" and "train for the purpose of any such exhibition, and the expressions "exhibitor" and "trainer" have respectively the corresponding meanings.
(1) Every person desirous of exhibiting or training any performing animal shall, on making an application in the prescribed form to the prescribed authority and on payment of the prescribed fee, be registered under this Act unless he is a person who, by reason of an order made by the court under this Chapter, is not entitled to be so registered.
(2) An application for registration under this Chapter shall contain such particulars as to the animals and as to the general nature of the performance in which as may which the animals are to be exhibited or for which they are to be trained as may be prescribed, and the particulars so given shall be entered in the register maintained by the prescribed authority.
(3) The prescribed authority shall give to every person whose name appears on the register kept by them, a certificate of registration in the prescribed form containing the particulars entered in the register.
(4) Every register kept under this Chapter shall at all reasonable times be open for inspection on payment of the prescribed fee, and any person shall, on payment of the prescribed fee, be entitled to obtain copies thereof or make extracts therefrom.
(5) Any person whose name is entered provisions of any order made under this Act by any court, be entitled, on making an application for the purpose, to have the particulars entered in the register with respect to him varied, and where any such particulars are so varied, the existing certificate shall be cancelled and a new certificate issued.
(1) Where it is proved to the satisfaction of any magistrate on a complaint made by a police officer or any off the prescribed authority referred to in section 23, that the training or exhibition of any performing animal has been accompanied by unnecessary pain or suffering and should be prohibited or allowed only subject to conditions, the court may make an order against the person in respect of whom the complaint is made, prohibiting the training or exhibition or imposing such conditions in relation thereto, as may be specified by the order.
(2) Any court by which an order is made under this section, shall cause a copy of the order to be sent, as soon as may be after the order is made, to the prescribed authority by which the person against whom the order is made is registered, and shall cause the particulars of the order to be endorsed upon the certificate held by that person, and that person shall produce his certificate on being so required by the court for the purposes of endorsement, and the prescribed authority to which a copy of an order is sent under this section shall enter the particulars of the order in that register.
(b) Require any person who, he has reason to believe is a trainer or exhibitor of performing animals to produce his certificate of registration.
(2) No person or police officer referred to in sub-section (1) shall be entitled under this section to go on or behind the stage during a public performance of performing animals.
(g) Applies to be registered under this Act when not entitled to be so registered. He shall be punishable on conviction with fine, which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with imprisonment, which may extend to three months, or with both.
(b) Any animals kept in any zoological garden or by any society or association, which has for its principal object the exhibition of animals for educational or scientific purposes.
(1) If the owner of any animal is found guilty of any offence under this Act the court upon his conviction thereof, may, if it thinks fit, in addition to any other punishment make an order that the animal with respect to which the offence was committed shall be forfeited to Government and may, further, make such order as to the disposal of the animal as it thinks fit under the circumstances.
(2) No order under sub-section (1) shall be made unless it is shown by evidences to a previous conviction under this Act or as to the character of the owner or otherwise as to the treatment of the animal that the animal, if left with the owner, is likely to be exposed to further cruelty.
(3) Without prejudice to the provisions contained in sub-section (1), the court may also order that a person convicted of an offence under this Act shall, either permanently or during such period as is fixed by the order, be prohibited from having the custody of any animal of any kind whatsoever, or as the court thinks fit of any animal of any kind or species specified in the order.
(c) The offence for which the conviction was made was committed in an area in which under the law for the time being in force a licence is necessary for the keeping of any such animal as that in respect of which the conviction was made.
(5) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being in force, any person in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (3) shall have no right to the custody of any animal contrary to the provisions of the order, and if he contravenes the provisions of any order, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with both.
(6) Any court, which has made an order under sub-section (3), may at any time, either on its own motion or on application made to it in this behalf, rescind or modify, such order.
If any person is charged with the offences of killing a goat, cow or its progeny contrary to the provisions of clause (i) of sub-section (1) of section 11, and it is proved that such person had in his possession, at the time the offence is alleged to have been committed, the skin of any such animal as is referred to in this section with any part of the skin of the head attached thereto, it shall be presumed until the contrary is proved that such animal was killed in a cruel manner.
Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code or Criminal Procedure, 1898, (5 of 1898) an offence punishable under clause (1)or clause (n) or clause (o) of sub-section (1) of section 11 or under section 12 shall be a cognizable offence within the meaning of that Code.
(1) If a police officer not below the rank of sub inspector or any person authorised by the State Government in this behalf has reason to believe that an offence under clause (1) of sub-section 11 in respect of any such animal as is referred to in section 30 is being, or is about to be, or has been, committed in any place, or that any person has in his possession the skin of any such animal with any part of the skin of the head attached thereto, he may enter and search such place or any place in which he has reason to believe any such skin to be, and may seize such skin or any article or thing used for intended to be used in the commission of such offence.
(2) If a police officer not below the rank of sub-inspector, or any person authorised by the State Government in this behalf, has reason be believe that phooka or 1[doom dev or any other operation of the nature referred to in section 12] has just been, or is being, performed on any animal within the limits of his jurisdiction, he may enter any place in which he has reason to believe such animal to be, and may seize the animal and produce it for examination by the veterinary officer in charge of the area in which the animal is seized.
1. Subs, by Act 26 of 1982 S. 15 for the words "doom dev".
(1) If a magistrate of the first or second class or a presidency magistrate or a sub-divisional magistrate or a commissioner of police or district superintendent of police, upon information in writing, and after such inquiry as he thinks necessary, has reason to believe that an offence under this Act is being, or is about to be, or has been committed in any place, he may either himself enter and search or by his warrant authorise any police officer not below the rank of sub-inspector to enter and search the place.
(2) The provisions of the Code or Criminal Procedure, 1898, (5 of 1898) relating to searches shall so far as those provisions can be made applicable, apply to searches under this Act.
Any police officer above the rank of a constable or any person authorised by the State Government in this behalf, who has reason to believe that an offence against his Act has been or is being, committed in respect of any animal, may, if in his opinion the circumstances so require, seize the animal and produce the same for examination by the nearest magistrate or by such veterinary officer as may be prescribed, and such police officer or authorised person may, when seizing the animal, require the person in charge thereof to accompany it to the place of examination.
(1) The State Government, may be general or special order appoint infirmaries for the treatment and care of animals in respect of which offences against this Act have been committed, and may authorise the detention therein of any animal pending its production before a magistrate.
(2) The magistrate before whom a prosecution for an offence against this Ac has been instituted may direct that the animals concerned shall be treated and care for in an infirmary, until it is fit to perform its usual work or is otherwise fit for discharge, or that it shall be sent to a pinjrapole, or if the veterinary officer in charge of the area in which the animal is found or such other veterinary officer as may be authorised in this behalf by rules made under this Act certifies that it is incurable or cannot be removed without cruelty, that it shall be destroyed.
(3) An animal sent for care and treatment to an infirmary shall not, unless the magistrate directs that it shall be sent to a pinjrapole or that it shall be destoryed, be released from such place except upon a certificate of its fitness for discharge issued by the veterinary officer in charge of the area in which the infirmary is situated or such other veterinary officer as may be authorised in this behalf by rules made under this Act.
Provided that when the magistrate so orders on account of the poverty of the owner of the animal, no charge shall be payable for the treatment of the animal.
(5) Any amount payable by an owner of an animal under sub-section (4) may be recovered in the same manner as an arrear of land revenue.
(6) If the owner refuses or neglects to remove the animal within such time as a magistrate may specify, the magistrate may direct that the animal be sold and that the proceeds of the sale be applied to the payment of such cost.
(7) The surplus, if any, of the proceeds of such sale shall, on application made by the owner within two months from the date of the sale, be paid to him.
A prosecution for an offence against this Act shall not be instituted after the expiration of three months from the date of the commission of the offence.
The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that all or any of the powers exercisable by it under this Act, may, subject to such conditions as it may think fit to impose, be also exercisable by any State Government.
(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, and subject to the condition of previous publication, make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act.
(l) Any other matter which was to be, or may be prescribed.
(3) If any person contravenes, or abets the contravention of, any rules made under this section, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with both.
1. The words "terms and" omitted by Act 26 of 1982, S, 16 (a) (i).
3. Ins. by Act 26 of 1982; S. 16 (a) (iii).
4. Ins. by Act 26 of 1982. S. 16(a) (iv).
1. Ins by Act 26 of 1982, S. 17.
Every person authorised by the Sate Government under section 34 shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Panel Code.
No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person who is, or who is deemed to be, a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Panel Code in respect of anything in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.
Where in pursuance of a notification under sub-section (3) of section 1 any provision of this Act comes into force in any State, any provision of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1890 (11 of 1890), which corresponds to the provision so coming into force, shall thereupon stand repealed.


Ah yes, the time to change my life, Adding Fibre and with me finally ordering it from a supplier that actually uses a firm I would never expect it to happen to use which my old self will kick me in the face for but he lost his love and I still miss her, anyways, this is the TP Link which to be 100% honest with you, looks like the same one I bought in 2014, the W8968. The Features however, are somewhat the same but extra ones are around. Some of which are related to the VDSL functions and some are pretty expert end which most users don't even need to touch, let alone me.
When I ordered origin, I decided to save issues in the long term by buying my own router. So I went for the W9970 for £30 off amazon before the price goes up. This review is on the setting up and speed tests, For the menus for all the features, its easier to go to TP Links Site for that .
This is exactly like 2014, with the same logo, same blue design and apart from more logos to show off features with some slight differentiation, there is not much difference in the 9970. Except the back has much less text and small print than before along with the router back on the left side rather than the right and the comparison table is at the bottom rather than on the right.
The router itself is the same design, except with more of a stronger orange vibe in the yellow compared to what the 8968 was. But it makes it feel easy to setup and the curves are lovely as per usual.
The same lights as per usual.
This was, for me very easy. Plug in the cables needed and turn it on. With that it was going to the IP address (192.168.1.1) and following the quickstart guide on screen when using admin twice to get in.
Once that was in, the only tricky part was for the VDSL settings to use, which for me was using the VDSL_BT ones, then applying wifi settings and a reboot and I was online.
The reboot screen after changing the default IP.
Okay, I know the wifi test results were done not as proper as others but this is a quick review, As well as internet tests in general.
This felt really fast, pages loaded fine and uploading images was super quick, the stream rate on twtich was over 9000+ and games like a 5GB copy of Epic mickey 2 was just under half an hour. Ookla did mention vodafone but the speeds were really good at 9mbps up and 37 mbps down.
A download from steam was up to 4.6 but 3mbs is still fast.
Now this is a 2.4GHz only router since most devices i have only are 2.4GHz and I tried this outside of my house, in a garden late at night. The signal was only 2 bars which means its not really strong, then again the router is next to a wall which will block signal so its not ideal location but thats not a major issue. Oookla didn't want to work on my paris but another app did and got 1mbps down and another got 3mbps down. I'm impressed.
This is pretty much a VDSL version of a simple router which for me has worked brilliantly, the wifi is more reliable from the extra vdsl speed if you in a close distance and the setup is also accommodating the ADSL for people that are unsure if they want to upgrade. I can't excuse the connection for streaming now with the playthrough of KH 2.8 and other games later on. With all this in mind.
ADSL for people that can't get VDSL yet.
It doesn't support the TP Link Tether app.
And now the struggle is over, I can now get content up quicker and easier than before, more videos and reviews soon I hope.
Well, this was an idea due to the story of the stolen bike which gave an idea to buy a tracker for it, with luck I remembered Tile. Which is a small price to possibly save a bigger price etc. So this 4 pack for £65 from what Tile sell it at. I got it for £49.99 from Carphonewarehouse. Amazon have sold them for £60 ish. But the video is below and here we can dive in and make see if this fits nicely.
The box is compact, but the design is very modern yet simple and casual language, with writing that makes it sound like a friendly neghbourhood robot but also the terms are not over complex which means less hassle to understand what tile does. The green and white is a nice touch as well as showing the actual size of the tile on the front. This is pretty good as a design technique.
Now we open the box and the neatness of the packaging is very classy, with a pull tab out for first time which is at the top, to introduce you to the main use for this item. Which underneath that is the manual, warranty and also the 3 other tiles in the pack. Which then you lead on to the tile itself, a tiny keying looking square which makes the charm of tiny trackers very modernized but less of a standout look. The width was of my 2 fingers but its length was the same as its width which was 3.7cm.
A peek at the other languages in the instruction manual.
The fitting and pairing - Wallet.
This was the start of it, once the app is installed and a usual account created, we then can pair the tiles up to the phone just in case we see it and find it. The process is simple by going on the app, tapping + and then select the tile you want to pair and once bluetooth is on, it will search for it after you press the button on the tile, the letter E is a button. Once you ave done that, you can see it appear just like mine did.
The wallet showing up in the app.
Once this is done, you can fine it placed in a wallet like mine was, in a small hidden slot and that makes it harder for pickpockets at the worse scenario. But the speaker can be heard though my wallet which is pretty good right ?
how it looks in the wallet.
The fitting and pairing - The Bike.
Now this was trickier since i didn't have the kit that tile recommended to keep it secure, I hope. So I improvised by hoking it onto a screw that might help keep it firmly in place. I originally tried the brakes first but they were going to be a struggle, but i noticed a screw at the bottom for the gears and that one worked, minus having to cause issues a few moments later down the line when the seat is too high o the chain protection touching the Tyre or the chain which causes big problems to get evening going to pedal. But luckily I managed to get it not to that problem and it was firmly on the bike and pairing was difficult but I got it activated.
The paring was trickier but I managed it in the end, sometimes you need goo wifi as well as bluetooth for tile to get going properly, which tile in the house isn't that strong without a range extender. But it played the tune from the shed.
The modes the tile shows to see if its connected or not.
This tile has potential and I mean that, this can help with those memory blackouts to doing a better research of a stolen bike in theory, Tile have proved it can work for that, but since there is No GPS then personally I worry it will was nicked and there wasn't tile members around the place. But its a worry to find out later on really. With all this in mind.
Bluetooth tracking for it and also the phone.
The speaker is loud on the tile.
There is no GPS so if your phone has no decent GPS and mobile data or wifi, you can be in major problems with this.
This version is no longer made and replaced by the tile mate which is overpriced, same with the slim.
And that goes a review for Feburary, there might be more reviews soon like a router and also some drink or food as well, stay peeking..


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It's no secret that Beyonce pays attention to detail but fans of the talented performer feel say they have proof that she far exceeds what most feel is humanly possible.
In fact, the 'Beyhive' has closely inspected photos from Beyonce's Coachella performance to determine that she even got a manicure and a polish change in the midst of her 3 hour performance.
Several images Beyoncé's nail color went viral after fans noted that she appeared to had a polish change during her headline performance at Coachella.
For the record, Buzzfeed reporters Ellie Bate and Ben Henry did some research and found that one of the photos actually came from "what looks like a dress rehearsal" but the Beyhive still feel their queen is capable of anything.
What are your thoughts about Beyonce alleged nail color change in the midst of her performance?


text:
Online harassment experienced by 26% of Cambodian Internet users aged 15-65
Events, Social
by When in Phnom Penh
Twenty-six percent of all Cambodian Internet users between ages 15 and 65 experienced some form of online harassment, according to the recently-released AfterAccess survey report.
Reports of online harassment were higher among women (29% of women aged 15-65 who use the Internet, vs. 23% of men), with most of the harassment being experienced while using social media platforms, the report showed. Cyberstalking was a concern among female social media users in Cambodia.
His Excellency Kan Channmeta, Secretary of State of the Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications
"Cambodia does better than Pakistan and India, both wealthier countries, in terms of mobile phone ownership," said Helani Galpaya, lead researcher for the Asia components of the surveys and CEO of LIRNEasia, a regional ICT policy think-tank. "But considering all the attention that the telecom industry has received in the recent past, and the proactive measures being taken with regard to policy action in the field, the harassment number seems to be a reason for concern."
The report also stated that only 11% of the 15-65 population responded "yes" when asked if they knew what the Internet was (without any explanation of what it is). Interestingly, 36% of the same population claimed that they used the Internet, when probed about use of Facebook, Gmail, WhatsApp and other Internet-enabled services.
"This is a phenomenon we first identified in Indonesia in 2012, when respondents told us that they used Facebook but not the Internet," stated Senior Research Manager at LIRNEasia, Ayesha Zainudeen. "The AfterAccess surveys were conducted more recently, in September-October 2017. The higher use of Internet against awareness shows that even today, a large proportion of the 15-65 population in Cambodia lack understanding on what the Internet is."
Related to lack of awareness is the fact that the key reason respondents gave for not using the Internet is not knowing how.
"The indicators are clear that in order to get more Cambodian people online, we need to create awareness on what the Internet is, and how to use it," said Zainudeen.
But the picture is not completely bleary. Eighty-five percent of Cambodian mobile phone owners aged 15-65 used some kind of app on their mobile phone. This was the highest app use among all Asian and African countries surveyed. In addition, 52% of social media users indicated that they "always" verify the truthfulness of content on social media before sharing it.
The findings are part of AfterAccess, an international-award-winning effort to collect robust data on access to and use of mobile phones, Internet, social media and online platforms in the Global South.
"The available information on mobile phones and the Internet is supply-side provided or not representative of national populations. That makes it insufficient for governments and other decision makers," continued Galpaya. "The only meaningful way to understand the ground situation is by talking to users (and non-users) directly. This is what we have done with the AfterAccess surveys."
The Cambodia-specific results of the AfterAccess surveys were released by regional ICT-policy think-tank, LIRNEasia, in Phnom Penh on November 7th, 2018. Speakers at the event included H. E. Dr. Kan Chanmetta – Secretary of State for Posts and Telecommunications, Jonathan Yap – Head of Regulatory & Corporate Affairs at Smart Axiata, Javier Sola – Chief of Party of the USAID funded SPICE program in Cambodia and Channe Suy Lan – Regional Lead at InSTEDD Innovation Lab of South Asia (iLab SEA).
The AfterAccess report highlights key areas for development in ICT sectors of Cambodia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Nepal. These include urban and rural as well as gender patterns in mobile phone ownership and Internet use, ecommerce, social media and online harassment.
"This data is highly relevant not only for policy-makers but also to the industry. It is already being used to inform ICT policy in India and we trust that Cambodian stakeholders will recognize its importance as well," Galpaya stated.
In Cambodia, 2,100 households and individuals were surveyed from 100 villages in 25 provinces. The sampling methodology was designed to ensure representation of the target group (population aged 15-65) at a national level with 95% confidence interval and a +/-3.3% margin of error.
The methodology used in Cambodia is comparable across all 18+ survey countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The AfterAccess database is thus the most rigorous and comprehensive database on mobile phone and Internet access and use in the Global South. The current data includes information collected via 38,005 face-to-face interviews of households and individuals. The data allows for disaggregation by gender, rural or urban setting and age among other factors.
This research was conducted with financial support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, the UK Government's Department for International Development (DFID), the Ford Foundation and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).
Other key findings from the Cambodia report:
Mobile ownership was at 68% of the 15-65 population in Cambodia, still doing better than India and Pakistan (both who have higher incomes), however connectivity is not even. There was an urban-rural gap of 21%, i.e., rural dwellers were 21% less likely to own a mobile than urban ones. Similarly, the gender gap was at 20%, so females are 20% less likely to own a mobile than males, within the 15-65 age groups.
Twenty nine percent of mobile owners aged 15-65 had more than one SIM card.
Just 11% of the 15-65 population were aware of the Internet (they were asked if they know what the 'Internet' is, without explanation of what it is), while 36% claimed to use it (when probed using examples such as Facebook, Google, Gmail, YouTube etc.), indicating a lack of understanding of what the Internet is, even though they use it through apps and other data services.
Eighty-five percent of mobile owners aged 15-65 with an Internet-enabled phone (i.e., feature or smartphone indicated that they used some kind of app on their mobile – this was the highest use in the Asian (and African) survey countries.
30% of the 15-65 population indicated that they were using social media.
48% of mobile owners had a smartphone; while 42% had basic phones (with no Internet capability); the remainder used feature phones, which had some basic level of Internet capability.
Affordability was the key reason cited by basic or feature phone owners for not owning a smartphone.
There were considerable gaps in Internet use between urban and rural populations (40% gap) as well as the genders (34% gap).
43% of Internet users came online within the last 12 months.
The key limitation on Internet use among current users was the speed of the Internet – 70% said this was a limiting factor.
Among non-users, the key reason cited was a lack of skills (not knowing how to use it) as well as not having a device to use it on.
More than one third of mobile owners with either a smart or feature phone said they have news apps installed on their phone and 86% of social media users said they use it for reading news. More than 40% of social media users said they trust the news read on social media, the second-highest level of trust seen in the survey countries. Fifty-two percent of social media users indicated that they 'always' verify the truthfulness of content on social media before sharing it. Very few shared without checking first.
Among the survey countries, Cambodia saw the highest level of reported online harassment, with 26% of internet users reporting having experienced some form of online harassment. Reports were particularly higher among women, with most of the harassment being experienced while using social media platforms. Cyberstalking was particularly a concern among female social media users in Cambodia.
There was some awareness of platforms for buying and selling goods and services among Internet users, particularly 42% of 15-65 Internet users were aware of being able to hire help through platforms, 32% were aware of ecommerce possibilities and 34% were aware of possibilities of online freelancing/microwork through the Internet. However in Cambodia, awareness had not yet been translated into use. Barriers cited were that of skills (not knowing how exactly to do it), relevance (not needing to do so) as well as some lesser concerns of quality and trust.
Link to the report: https://lirneasia.net/2018/10/afteraccess-asia-report2/?fbclid=IwAR01Kz0U9cRxREdwsbVx_E0ABl4649_kcEXqFuMJ2VKYUYkBFtDjrXba8gw
Link to the presentation: https://lirneasia.net/2018/11/afteraccess-ict-access-and-use-in-cambodia-and-the-global-south-presentation/
Tags: AfterAccess, Cambodia, Helani Galpaya, LIRNEasia, Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications
Miss Grand Cambodia to represent Cambodia on international stage
Pontian Wanton Noodles officially introduced the best Wanton Noodles to the Kingdom
When in Phnom Penh November 7, 2018
"The First Royal Apsara" An Encore for The Princess Norodom Buppha Devi and Khmer Ballet
Sotheavy July 14, 2022
Delishop.Asia adapts to safely deliver groceries amidst COVID-19 pandemic
When in Phnom Penh May 4, 2020
Working from Home in the Time of Coronavirus
siriwat-chhem April 25, 2020
When in Phnom Penh November 29, 2018
Eurasia Concept Brings Luxurious Lifestyle to Cambodia
When in Phnom Penh September 18, 2018
Parents should no longer worry flying with kids as Emirates introduces new range of toys on board
When in Phnom Penh August 17, 2018
SME Business
Announcement: MBCambodia Receives License to Upgrade from Branch to Commercial Bank
Get into the Festive Spirit with Heineken®
ABC's 'The Exceptional' campaign recognizes Master Chef Luu Meng for his outstanding contributions
Let's Go Enjoy Rom-Haey festival in Kampong Chhnang!
Cambodia hosts Asian Regional Credit Reporting Conference for cross-border credit reporting and cyber-security
ABC's 'The Exceptional' Campaign Returns to Celebrate Cambodians Who Have Defined Their Own Versions of Success
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We are now safely home, a little tired but home!
Thanks for following along with our blog, we had a great adventure, its sad to see it end, but all good things must come to an end. We are glad you came along for the ride with us and hope you had fun too!
What a great job you did on the Blog. It was like I was with you except I got to sleep in my bed.
Sounds like you guys had a great trip. I look forward to hearing all about it.


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Current (https://current.org/2013/09/channel-repacking-looms-as-pubcasters-face-spectrum-decisions/)
Technical hurdles, unknown costs loom in spectrum repacking
By Scott Fybush | September 4, 2013
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As the FCC prepares to reshuffle the layout of the nation's television spectrum for the repacking process, public broadcasters are girding for some difficult choices as they consider how to navigate a complex and potentially expensive transition.
Staff within the FCC's Office of Engineering and Technology also are grappling with the immense technical challenges of the spectrum auctions and repacking processes, which involve clearing out a significant chunk of the UHF spectrum now assigned to broadcast TV while protecting the coverage areas of licensees who choose not to auction their frequencies.
"The basic point of repacking is this: to fill in some of the Swiss-cheese holes of vacant channels so there is contiguous spectrum at the top of the UHF band," said Robert Weller, technical analysis branch chief at the OET, during an Aug. 22 FCC webinar for TV engineers and consultants.
Making that happen requires plenty of computing horsepower: To simplify an exceedingly complex process, the FCC is running computer studies to determine how every TV station in the country can interact with every other station in its own or closely adjacent markets. During the webinar, Weller and other OET staff explained the TVStudy software that's generating data needed to manage the processes.
"Our statutory responsibility is to preserve station coverage as defined in OET Bulletin 69," Weller said. "OET 69 is not a computer program itself; it's a description of one." A new version of the program was released on the FCC website in February, allowing individual stations and engineering consultants to conduct their own analyses to determine how their stations might be affected by repacking, and to advise FCC engineers as the process moves forward.
Condensing the TV spectrum
Congress set the basic outlines for spectrum repackaging in 2012 when it passed legislation establishing a 10-year time frame for auctions. The law allowed willing stations to voluntarily give up their spectrum and potentially reap financial benefits from the auctions. Those who volunteer could remain on the air by negotiating channel-sharing agreements with other broadcasters. Congress set aside $1.75 billion to help broadcasters and other entities cover the costs of the transition and directed the proceeds to the U.S. Treasury.
It also authorized the FCC to remove 120 MHz, or 20 channels, from TV broadcasting, reducing the UHF spectrum to 174 MHz, or as few as 22 remaining channels. At the same time, it set technical standards to ensure that broadcasters who aren't willing to give up their spectrum can retain substantially all of their current coverage areas.
Once enough spectrum is cleared, all of the remaining stations will be condensed into the remaining 174 MHz of UHF spectrum.
As a point of comparison, TV broadcasters have occupied 294 MHz of UHF spectrum since completion of the DTV transition, a reduction of 108 MHz, or 18 channels (Channels 52–69) that had been allocated for analog television broadcasts.
The legislative directive requiring the FCC to keep stations' existing coverage areas adds a layer of complication to the repacking process that the FCC is now working on, Weller said during the webinar.
"Actual TV station coverage is not neatly bounded by an enclosed shape," he said. "Because of terrain, there are often islands of service separated by areas of no service."
The computer analysis will establish the framework for planning the DTV incentive auction because it will determine how many stations need to participate, said Brett Tarnutzer, auction program manager and assistant chief of the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau.
OET is providing tools to help individual stations determine what the repacking process may hold in store for them. The "constraint files" accessible on the FCC's repacking website allow engineers and others with technical expertise to review the FCC's station-by-station predictions of whether specific stations can coexist after repacking, Tarnutzer said.
In the commercial TV world, the FCC expects broadcast owners whose stations aren't generating big ad revenues to enter the reverse incentive auction, closing down their TV broadcasting operations for larger payouts than the station's spectrum might bring at auction. But for pubcasters, whose core mission is supplying broadcast service, the auction process is likely to be less attractive.
Only a single pubcasting licensee has publicly revealed its intention to auction its spectrum — San Mateo Community College in California, operator of KCSM-TV. The college pulled back its plan to sell the station as a broadcast licensee in November 2012 and later signed a deal with commercial operator LocusPoint Networks to auction KCSM's spectrum. Under the contract, signed in May, LocusPoint will subsidize the pubTV station's operations for up to four years and split proceeds from the spectrum auction with the college.
Since the majority of public TV licensees intend to continue broadcasting, the guarantee of protected coverage may still end up costing a lot of money and disrupt their broadcasting operations and services.
The FCC promises it won't force stations to move from the preferred UHF band to VHF, though it will offer UHF stations incentive payouts if they volunteer to be moved to VHF. Either way, the repacking process is expected to shift hundreds of stations to new channel positions. A mandatory change to a different channel, even if a station remains on its existing UHF or VHF band, can cost more than $1 million dollars if it involves replacing a station's existing transmitter, mask filter and antenna.
Without the now-defunct Public Facilities Telecommunications Program that augmented CPB funding for much of the expense of the 2009 DTV transition, pubcasters will have to hope that their share of the $1.75 billion set aside for all TV stations as part of the 2012 repacking legislation will cover the costs of the next transition.
The FCC is developing guidelines for awarding those funds as it works on the next steps in the repacking process. It has asked broadcasters and others for comments to help the FCC determine how to manage the two sets of auctions that will bookend repacking: first, the reverse incentive auction in which licensees compete to see who'll give up their broadcast spectrum for the least amount of money; and then the forward auction in which wireless providers bid for the spectrum that's released.
The entire process is expected to take at least three years once the auctions begin, and it's probable some stations may find themselves temporarily silenced while their antennas and transmitters are being replaced, new equipment is purchased and installed, and channel assignments are juggled during the repacking.
How does your station expect to be affected by repacking? Are you considering surrendering spectrum at auction, and if not, how do you expect to pay for any channel changes your station(s) may have to make? Contact news@current.org or scott@fybush.com for a follow-up story tracking how pubcasters are preparing for the repacking process.
Editor's note: This story has been updated and clarified. It previously overstated the scope of the original legislation and mischaracterized how broadcasters can retain a portion of their spectrum.
Repacking
PBS, T-Mobile collaborate to save TV translators
The wireless carrier and a team from PBS are working under tight deadlines to find new homes for public TV translators that are being displaced by the FCC's repack of TV channels.


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University of Chicago student Max Lewis dies days after hit by stray bullet on CTA Green Line | #College. | #Students | #parenting | #parenting | #kids
Max Lewis didn't have to make the trek downtown.
The affable 20-year-old University of Chicago junior had the option to work from home for the competitive internship he'd landed at a Loop investment firm, but he "loved getting to know as many people as he could," according to his best friend.
"He loved the grind," Zach Cogan said of his classmate and fraternity brother.
Lewis was commuting home during rush hour Thursday when a bullet pierced the window of his train at the 51st Street Green Line station and entered his neck. He died at a hospital Sunday morning.
Police say he wasn't the intended target. Investigators have yet to provide a possible description of the shooter. It's not even clear which direction the gunfire came from.
"It's a senseless tragedy for so many reasons," Cogan said.
Friends of Lewis remembered him as a gregarious jokester, a hyper-focused student, an avid runner and a car guy — one who went out of his way to make people feel welcome.
"He was so incredibly caring, loyal and genuine," said Cogan, who met Lewis on their first day at the prestigious Hyde Park campus and roomed with him at Alpha Epsilon Pi, the Jewish fraternity of which Lewis was president. "He loved working hard for other people because he was so damn selfless. And he never wanted people to thank him for what he did."
Max Lewis, pictured in 2019.
Provided by Kent Denver School.
The Denver-area native was studying economics and computer science. He graduated in 2019 from the Kent Denver School, a prestigious private school. His 12th grade physics teacher, Dr. Rand Harrington, said in an email "he grew into an exceptional scholar full of good humor, curiosity, drive and a deep passion for technology."
At the U. of C., Lewis was a leader of Promontory Investment Research, a student group that helps interested undergrads produce and write research reports — a field Lewis was passionate about, his friend Victoria Gin said.
"He was a ball of light," Gin said, especially in the early dark days of COVID-19, when the group's meetings were all virtual. "Max would bring his energy like he was in person. He would give 120%, and you felt that through the screen."
When he wasn't busy somewhere on campus, he'd be touching base with friends during hour-long phone calls, or while tagging along for a trip to the grocery store.
"He was like this butterfly," Cogan said.
Max Lewis, a University of Chicago junior, died Sunday after begin shot on a Green Line train on the South Side.
Lewis also loved talking cars, especially the one he coveted most: the Porsche 911. "But anything that had a stick, he'd drive it, just because he could," Cogan said.
Only a few weeks before the shooting, Lewis had started interning for Segall Bryant & Hamill, according to his LinkedIn profile. A spokesperson for the firm couldn't be reached.
And he'd already been looking forward to a big internship he'd just landed for next summer, according to Gin. "My latest conversations with him were so optimistic," she said.
In a message to students and faculty, U. of C. officials said, "the University is devastated by Max's loss. During this sorrowful time, our deepest sympathies are with Max's family, friends, and all who knew him. Max was a talented student and beloved campus leader and friend who will be greatly missed."
Lewis is survived by his parents and younger brother.
His fraternity launched an online campaign to help cover members' travel costs to funeral services in Denver. Remaining proceeds will go to the Rivkin Foundation, which funds ovarian cancer research, as well as a to-be-determined anti-gun violence group, Cogan said.
"This happens all the time in Chicago," Cogan said. "It needs to end."


Everyone wants to work shorter hours; the trick is to convince people that they won't lose income.
Why should society even have a "traditional working week" set by statute? There may be plenty of businesses that operate most efficiently with six-hour shifts while others might be better with ten-hour shifts. The businesses and industries should figure that out for themselves rather than merely suggest from their experience what must be imposed on all of society by the civil government.
That's nice but the Swedish medical system is mostly a government bureaucracy. These are the areas where price "doesn't matter" because the industry is insulated from market forces by tax revenues and even more by public debt. I'm sure Greece could have tried similar experiments a few years ago and claimed success. But eventually the financial problems refuse to stay hidden.
The article quotes Roland Paulsen, a researcher in business administration at the University of Lund: "For a long time politicians have been competing to say we must create more jobs with longer hours – work has become an end in itself." That is just nonsense. If work was an end in itself then people would work for free. Work has always been a means of reaching goals. For the wage earner, the goal was exchanging labor for income in order to be able to purchase needs and desires. For the entrepreneur, the goal was producing a good or service that the public wanted to buy.
Politicians just get in the way.
Once again this shows that businesses should be permitted to figure out the optimal arrangements. But if Sweden "moves to a six-hour work day, many of these advantages to these Toyota service centers will evaporate. The only reason it is easier to recruit the best people and there is low turnover is because they are offering more pay for less work. If everyone is forced to offer the same arrangements, then they will lose this benefit.
The problem here is similar to what Mark Horne critiqued about using The Gap and Costco as arguments for raising minimum wage. Those businesses operate on a mode of wanting to recruit better workers and retain them. The moment you raise the minimum wage for everyone they lose those benefits unless they start paying still more. Yet everyone mindlessly repeats the mantra that, if paying more benefits Costco, all businesses will benefit when they pay the same higher wage.
Likewise the Guardian keeps praising the advantage of being able to hire the best and retain the best without seeming to notice that this advantage disappears if you universalize the six-hour work week.
Martin Geborg, 27, a mechanic, started at Toyota eight years ago and has stayed there because of the six-hour day. "My friends are envious," he says. He enjoys the fact that there is no traffic on the roads when he is heading to and from work.
So, if everyone did it, Geborg might have moved on. His friends wouldn't be envious and none of them would be enjoying the absence of traffic because they would all be in the same work cycle.
It is great to see evidence that businesses should be permitted to offer employees the work shifts they think are best (and leave people free to decide to work under those conditions or not). It is frustrating to see that evidence twisted into an argument for a universal six-hour workday that would destroy all the benefits that are listed.
But that's how propaganda for regulations works.
Was Shaquille O'Neal Guilty of Racial Stereotyping?


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text:
Reid blames Koch brothers for stalling Ukraine aid
By Jacqueline Klimas - The Washington Times - Thursday, March 13, 2014
Majority Leader Harry Reid, Nevada Democrat, blamed the Koch brothers for influencing GOP lawmakers to delay Ukraine legislation, continuing his crusade against the billionaire brothers, The Hill reported Thursday.
Republicans have demanded that a delay of regulation by the IRS of non-profit political advocacy groups be included in the Ukraine legislation, which Mr. Reid suggested stems from their ties to the Koch brothers, the newspaper wrote. But conservative senators say they are only insisting on the change if changes to the International Monetary Fund are included in the bill.
"It's hard for me to comprehend how with a clear conscience they could say, 'Ukrainians, we probably can't help you because we're trying to protect the Koch brothers,'" Mr. Reid said Thursday, according to The Hill. "And not only that, they're saying to the American people that protecting the Koch brothers is more important than helping our country."
Mr. Reid has called out the billionaire brothers almost daily recently, calling them "un-American" late last month.
• Jacqueline Klimas can be reached at jklimas@washingtontimes.com.


Chromium is a T4 ore and can be found below 700. It can only be smelted by ARC Smelters or the Blast Furnace, which both require the Frozen Factory Expansion.
About MeMacu View my complete profile Twitter Updates follow me on Twitter Blog Archive 2017 (33) 06/04 06/11 (1) Sheldon . Mining Bauxite Mining Chromium Mining Coal Mining Copper Mining Diamond Mining.Need for Better Energy Management For a full, detailed list, view our repo.
Synopsis Timetric's 'Global Chromium Mining to 2020' report comprehensively covers global reserves of chromite and reserves by country, the historical and forecast data on global chromite ores and concentrates production and production by country and trade.
Chromium is widely used in the production of ferrochrome, which is used in the production of stainless steel. Scope of the Report This report focuses on the Chromium Mining in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa.
Heres James Wagner, Extensions Platform Product Manager, writing for the official Chromium Blog Starting today, Chrome Web Store will no longer accept extensions that mine cryptocurrency. Existing extensions that mine cryptocurrency will be delisted from the Chrome Web Store in late June.
In a blog post from the Chromium Blog an open source browser project started by Google it stated that the multinational technology company had previously permitted cryptocurrency mining in extensions as long as that was the extensions single purpose and the user was informed of the mining activity.
Platinums main usage is in the auto industry where it is a critical of material in catalytic converters and certain spark plugs but it is also used as catalysts in numerous other applications.
INFOGRAPHIC 9 Fun Facts About Chromium By Chris Calam 04.12.2016 Chromite, an oxide of iron, magnesium, aluminum, and chromium, is the only ore mineral of chromium. The USGS also reports on world chromium reserves and mining capacity in its Mineral Resource Program document.
Global Chromium Mining to 2020. Summary. GlobalDatas new report, quot;Global Chromium Mining to 2020quot;, provides global chromite reserves by country, by major operating mines and grade; historic and forecast data on global chromium ores and concentrates production.
Chromium Blog News and developments from the open source browser project Trustworthy Chrome Extensions, by default Monday, October 1, 2018 If you have questions or comments, please get in touch with us on the Chromium extensions forum. Posted by James Wagner, Chrome Extensions Product Manager.
Google Bans Chrome Mining Extensions To Prevent Cryptojacking April 4, 2018 On Monday, the Extensions Platform Product Manager of Google, James Wagner, posted an article called Protecting Users from Extension Cryptojacking on the Chromium Blog.


The "Excite!" project was devised about four years ago as a triple celebration: of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's 75th-Anniversary Season; of the 21st-birthday of the LPO's Education and Community Programme; and of the Orchestra's first full season back in the Royal Festival Hall. It was also designed to emphasise the growing role that the Education and Community Programme is playing in the Orchestra's outreach to the "many diverse communities" of Lambeth and Southwark.
The proclaimed result of this collaborative effort is the 75-minute "Excite!", a "hymn of praise to present-day multi-cultural London". It is told through a mixture of visuals, spoken word, chorales and a large orchestra incorporating jazz piano, expanded percussion, cimbasso, bass flute and electric guitar along with the usual forces. The work is cast in twelve sections, some purely orchestral, one wholly spoken and others accompanied by either full orchestra or just a few instruments.
Wordsmith Eugene Skeef, a native of South Africa who has lived in London for 28 years proclaims himself in "love with this great city". He and Richard Bissill (a member of the London Philharmonic's horn section) first collaborated on an LPO tour to South Africa in 1993. "Excite!" grew from their friendship and from a series of community workshops in which ideas about what it means to be a Londoner emanate, apparently! The LPO's playing was impeccable and the sense of occasion gave a palpable swing to the proceedings, with all the performers having a great time. However, the idea that this music has distilled into it the "sound of London" is unreliable. Gershwin and Bernstein were writ large across the scoring of the music's 'positive' messages (as espoused by the words and the projected images). Trying to conjure sounds for London is, it seems, difficult, although one can immediately think of such for other major cities. Why not London? Is it because of the constant identity crisis that affects the 'Islington liberals' (who rule our cultural establishments) through the mantra of 'multi-culturalism' that this concert attempts to force-feed the audience a mantra that is now being disowned by its one-time proponents and originators in the Government?
The many visual projections showed lots of tall buildings; but what was amusing about a girl pretending to hold a gun at a railway station? Or of two old men without shirts sitting on a park bench drinking alcohol? The filming was self-indulgent trash that did not in any way reflect the glorious heritage of this great city and nor did it offer any visual that one thought of as being London. Is that the point?
The piece, with music by Richard Bissill, begins with a fanfare, with lots happening in the orchestra. This was characteristic of most of the score (more jazz than classical) with some soprano-saxophone outbursts that recalled Gershwin. Evocative too, words not being necessary, such as the second 'Pastorale'. There are two interludes: 'Welcome to Britain ' and 'The Children'. Both evoked New York with the latter being unsettling, dominated by a theme almost identical to the main one used in Steven Spielberg's film "Catch Me If You Can". Other numbers seemed carbon copies of familiar tunes, with Elton John's "Candle in the Wind" noticeable in 'Prayer for London'. The passage of despair to hope was a great musical event in the penultimate 'The Miracle', generating the only authentic London sound. The finale ('Excite! Finale') was pure Bernstein, already heard, and unnecessary after 'The Miracle', which made for a natural peroration.
Opening the concert was Copland's Fanfare for the Common Man. In its three minutes it manages with great eloquence to evoke America. It was exceptionally played, too. Bernstein's "West Side Story" dances brought to mind New York without much difficulty, the joy and rapture of that great city given life throughout the LPO's playing including really tender responses.
Sandwiched by these pieces was Graeme Koehne's 11-minute Powerhouse (1993), the second of a triptych of pieces drawing on popular- and film-music, which pays homage to the Cuban-American band-leader Xavier Cugat. Koehne's stated aim is to "inject some of the energy, ebullience and immediacy of popular music into the classical orchestra". The percussion had a good time and the work has a sunny and happy outlook on life.
Vladimir Jurowski's flair and joie de vivre infected all around him and, consequently, whatever gripes about the 'message' of the music one might have, this was an enjoyable evening. I wonder what happened to the advertised Beethoven overture (Leonore No.3) though?!


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Q: Could we create our own mini star? If NASA were to work together with other space programs, could we accomplish the task of creating a mini star in the future. It wouldn't be huge, under a mile in diameter. We could make a core of hydrogen and helium plasma, then the rest would consist of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and nitrogen. Is this possible?

A: No, the internal pressure of a star helps to sustain the fusion that powers the star. A mini star as you describe would not have the great internal pressure produced by gravity in a regular star. This gravitational attraction produces enough pressure in the core region of a star to help it maintain nuclear fusion. A mini-star would not have this immense pressure.  You can think of this was the weight of the material pulling inwards due to gravity. It takes a lot of mass to produce such an effect.

A: Actually, it HAS already been done!
Lasted a fraction of a second, but proved it CAN be done!
Not yet fesable with current technological means, but soon will be. The Chinese say they've succeded in holding it together for a few seconds, which would be an outstanding achievement.
Hold on, shortly it'll get more interesting, since it's one of the worlds most desired achievements and a game changer for the whole planet!
Star-in-a-jar is what it's called.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is your first thought – when you're asked to bring a dish to pass?
We've got a potluck after church today. Our daughter is among those being confirmed. And everyone is getting together post-service to celebrate in one place versus everyone going off and doing their own things.
My co-workers will vouch for this: my potluck staple is salad. Fresh, leafy greens, strawberries often on top and perhaps some sliced almonds, salad. Usually, while others heavy, fat-laden, cheesy and fulfilling home-cooked dishes would get snarfed up, I'd go home with a good deal of lettuce left in the bowl.
But, I can't do a ton of heavy dishes. I just can't. I feel awful for hours afterwards, even eating in moderation. Those spaghetti hot dishes, macaroni salads and meatballs that often grace potluck tables really are good, they really are and I enjoy them immensely. But I eat more like a rabbit. I graze. Mostly on fresh fruits and vegetables. And, well, cheese and bread. I just feel better. And the older I get the more I realize I've got to watch what I eat as much as I fit in any exercise. So salad it is.
But as I get set for this mornings potluck, I'm thinking back on some of the more common dishes my mom and dad used to make and take – German Potato Salad, Goulash, Cheesy Broccoli and Rice, Mint Ice Cream Brownies.. to name a few. And I'm feeling like perhaps I'm missing out by bringing .. well, a nice leafy green salad.
So I'm wondering what others may say is their favorite, home-cooked, bring to the party, make ahead of time and stays delicious, potluck or one-pot dish? The ones you love to eat or make?
As I flip through one of my mom's old, well loved and used church cookbooks, I'm not certain any of the casseroles are ones I want to necessarily make, not today anyway. But they do bring back some wonderful memories of dishes made and shared with friends, and time in the kitchen and around the dinner table with family.
And if all I continue to make are salads, what sort of well used recipe cards or cookbooks will I be passing along to my kids?
"Come here, let me show you what I'm thinking .. " the Cowboy said to me moments before he walked out the door this morning.
I am still not sure he should've made the trip he's making today. He's got a day full of shoeing and trimming appointments hours away. School has been called off. Winds upwards of 60mph and blowing snow came through overnight and are expected throughout the day, creating treacherous conditions on the roads in our region.
"I'll be fine," he said to me right before leaving. "If it gets too bad, I promise I'll turn around and come home." Praying everyone gets safely through the day.
Neither of us a big fan of taking on more debt, and me, a sucker for all things already in existence that can be fixed up, knowing the house has good bones plus just wanting a smaller home anyway vs needing an intercom to call the kids, we tore into our biggest challenge yet this week. Ourselves. Literally.
It's going to be cool when it's done. We're using what we can that's recycled and rustic to finish out the spaces we're tackling. And, we're taking it right now room by room, tearing out walls, ceilings… deciding what we really want for each space as we go because we just haven't been quite sure what we'll find along the way.
What we have found, among other things, is that this entire process is incredibly dusty. A 100+ year old home on the Great Plains with a lot of nooks and crannies open to the elements has meant as many years of collecting dust. And, we haven't hit as many snags as I would have imagined. No asbestos tiling under the old carpet and linoleum. No asbestos insulation. Just a lot of dust. And hard work ahead…. and ideas we have to rebuild our home and life together. Speaking of .. with most other work related obligations knocked out for the day, off to work on that idea he had before leaving this morning.
There are a lot of people throughout the country bracing for the bitter cold the next 24 hours is slated to bring. Grocery stores are packed with people stocking up. Schools are already ordered closed for the start of the week. Cars are plugged in. Animals and people we hope are snug in their beds. And where there is livestock, enough feed has been put out to get them through the next couple of days. They need it.
"What are you going to do with your horses," a colleague of mine asked the other day.
They'll be fine, I told her. They've got a windbreak, some good winter fat on them and a pretty heavy coat of hair. I still worry about them, I tell her. But as long as they've got hay (in our case along with some grain) at the ready and shelter if they need, they'll stay warm and weather these temperatures, just fine .. when they eat, they generate heat.
"Horses are good if they have a windbreak – they can take a tremendous amount of cold," the Cowboy's dad says to me tonight as we're talking about how they might be faring now that the actual temperature gauge in the house shows -18 at this hour in our little corner of southeastern South Dakota.
We're still checking on them routinely. Hoping everyone facing these temps, in some cases, record breaking lows, gets through the next 24-48 hours unscathed. Stay warm.
"Just call," the Cowboy and I told a friend of ours the other day. She was sad, lonely and wasn't sure what she could do about it.
That was one of the days we had gone by with a home cooked meal over the holidays. This morning, we were thinking we should go check on her, wish her a happy new year and had planned to make her cookies. Ironically, she called before we even got the cookies in the oven today to check on us and just talk.
This friend of ours.. she is 94-years-old and still lives alone. It's where she wants to be – still living in the house where she was born in, that has been in her family for generations. But she is limited as to who she sees and what she is able to do, without the help of family or a friend. And few apparently came to visit with her or take her anywhere around the holidays. She was absolutely depressed about it.
She reminds me of one of my neighbors back in Madison. And of my grandmother a bit. And I hate more than anything that anyone ever feel alone and helpless to do anything about it. I know I certainly don't want to be if I reach a ripe old age and still have my health and wits about me.
If you're lonely, call someone and tell them.
If you want to go somewhere, make plans to go.
If you need something, ask.
Don't feel like a burden doing any of these things. Most likely you never are. But if you ever sincerely feel that way after being clear having others around would mean a lot to you, chances are someone else who might like your company more than the person you're seeking it from.
Enjoy public transit. Make plans to go somewhere you've always wanted to go. What are you waiting for?
Get yourself a laptop. Have someone tutor you in a few basics of something like Facebook and link up with your kids and grandkids who are miles and states away. They may want to talk with you but you have to be willing to learn their lingo as much as they need to remember how to use yours – picking up a phone, dialing and actually talking 'in person' isn't as common anymore as one might think. Have someone tutor you as well in what online scams look like so that you don't fall prey to anything that'll hurt you financially or otherwise while you're at it.
Learn a foreign language and travel.
Plan a gathering at your home and invite your neighbors, allow them into your life, don't just assume no one cares because they don't automatically stop by.
Try and remember what it was like to have a young family. Everyone is always going somewhere and has something to do, someone to take care of. They're busy. And they usually think of you late at night after the hustle and bustle has died down in their homes when it's too late to call. While they may email, you don't have a computer. Communication fails. But not because they're not thinking of you.
If I'm totally off track on any of the above, forgive me. I'm not an expert. I just have a heart and hate to see you sit home alone talking to no one but a tv all day when someone would love to get your call.
Call. Get out. Ask. Enjoy life while you can and invite others along for the ride.
For the rest of us, perhaps we might all do a better job to think more often about our family and neighbors. I know I need to. I'm as guilty as anyone of letting too many days go by without a call to my dad or other family. (Dad and I are way better now that he's got a cell phone and has learned to text!) There's a lot to learn from spending time with someone who's lived a long, good life. We should consider ourselves the lucky ones.
I've been seeing all sorts of great quotes for the New Year. I've enjoyed many of them, been entertained by a few and shared a few myself because they're wonderful thoughts to share and ponder and internalize and perhaps act upon. But I wanted to officially share the following here because I'm hoping someday our kids realize that this -this being, making mistakes – is an incredibly important part of life. Of growing. Of being your best and living a good life.
Here's to a year of making as many of my own mistakes as possible, learning from them, growing from them, being able to laugh at them – and a lifetime of the same.
A lot of people reflect on their lives this time of year. We go back and ponder what it was we had hoped to accomplish over the past twelve months and what our dreams might be for the year ahead.
I don't know about you, but I don't feel we've had time to think about much of anything other than where we need to be next and what needs to get done for the holidays – not until this past weekend, anyway.
The house was completely quiet for about 24 hours as my daughter had taken off for the last half of Christmas break on a trip with her dad. The Cowboy's three came back to the house last night. This past weekend was the first we'd been home, had down time and pure calm to just think and be still in months. And in the quiet of the morning yesterday, I began to reflect, on all has transpired over the past year.
I did my best in that moment to keep my mind from wandering into what my hopes and dreams are for 2014 because I wanted to contemplate what, if anything, we had actually accomplished this past year. Was it all I was hoping for? Could I have done more? How have we adjusted? Where exactly are we now? What does any of it mean? I don't know but I've done my best to live by the above quote and remain only optimistic about whatever lies ahead.
We have, I believe, accomplished a lot. As a family. Blending homes is not an easy task. Given what others have told us, what I've observed with the advice we've given, I think we've tackled it with about as much grace, patience, enthusiasm and understanding as any family I know.
Career is a different issue. And, I'm thinking a lot about it right now because in the quiet of this past weekend, I came to realize it truly has been a year that I've been away from my previous job. One that I love(d) despite all it's flaws and crazy schedules and demands.
1. The people – the news business is home to some pretty interesting people who get into doing news for very different reasons. Whatever the reason, it's this crazy pool of a) young, hungry, at times misguided and naive but driven, interesting young professionals who often have a vision of what the world is or who are at their core curious about everything. If you get the chance to watch them over the years, it's interesting to see how life experience changes their perspective on storytelling. b) Those that have been in the newsroom for a lifetime who get fired up by few things anymore, but their knowledge of the market can't be replaced. It all makes for a wonderful, quirky, fun loving yet dysfunctional team that everyday, many times a day, meets deadlines and gets the job done. You can count on them. You have grown many times to count on these folks to be there for you and let you know what's happening in the world. Even if you don't feel it's relevant to your life and you'd rather complain about them than change the channel.
2. The people – not just those you work with but those you have the absolute pleasure of being able to go and interview each day. It can be anyone from the President to a transient, community leaders to criminals. And they all have a story worth sharing, something we can all learn from if we're only willing to listen and spend time with them.
3. Piggybacking off of that, no day is the same – anchoring was about as predictable a day as anything in television news and while I never thought I'd want to be on the anchor desk as a young, hungry reporter who had dreams of being a foreign correspondent, I couldn't be more grateful for the opportunity. It allowed me to best help raise my family on so many levels. A sincere thank you to Tom Bier, Larry Frost and Jim Harmon who saw enough potential in me to first put my mug on the air.
4. Gifts of food. Into to the newsroom. It was like no one had eaten in weeks. Devoured. Gone.
5. Having a beat – not everyone loves having a beat, but man it allows you to really dig into something and become knowledgeable enough you can hang with the best of them on it. You can talk extemporaneously about it and not rely on a notebook when you really know what you're talking about. Beats seem to be going by the wayside with the downsizing of newsrooms – everyone has to be a bit of an expert in everything. Also fun in its own way. But if you have the chance to pick up a beat, I encourage it.
6. Tight deadlines and being able to walk away at the end of each day, knowing your job was DONE.
7. Free hair styling, makeup and facials. Wow, do I miss that. And boy could I use at least the latter again. I had never had a facial until it was part of the contract with the last newsroom I worked for. Wow. Facials. If you've never had one, they are awesome. Go get one.
8. Somewhere to wear all the suits I've built up over 20 years of reporting/anchoring. Rural South Dakota's not really a mecca for professional attire. I'm still not 100% sure where my work life may lead me so I'm hesitant to give them away just yet (says the girl more inclined at the moment to throw on insulated coveralls before heading out the door than a 2-piece from Ann Taylor).
9. Editorial meetings and the debates every day about what people would most want to know if given the choice between stories. These were always interesting, small brawls.
10. Taking sometimes hours of meaningful conversations and turning them into a relevant, informative 1:30 minute story others will find interesting enough to stay tuned to your channel. It's not easy. It's not perfect. But it does fill an important niche in our daily lives and can have a tremendous impact on community – when it's done right and with the right intention.
What is wonderful is there are many ways one with a passion for people, storytelling and community building can find or create unique career opportunities. It's been fun exploring what those might be, embracing all of the change and uncertainty of a new life and career.
Wishing everyone the best in 2014.


text:
Climate and Inclusive Economy
The Business Case for Action
Monday Sep 17, 2018
Edward Cameron, Former Managing Director, BSR
Martin Lemos, Former Manager, BSR
Susan Winterberg, Former Associate Director, Inclusive Economy, BSR
#Climate Change, #Inclusive Economy
Climate change affects each and every human around the globe, with profound and potentially lasting implications for an inclusive economy. This paper uses data and case studies to highlight the impacts of climate change on an inclusive economy and help companies across sectors understand the resulting consequences for business.
It demonstrates why and how business can act, including how companies can establish a deeper understanding of the nexus of an inclusive economy and climate resilience throughout their businesses; how to articulate the risks and opportunities for companies across various sectors; how to secure buy-in from senior leadership; and how to identify, assess, prevent, mitigate, and remedy the adverse effects of climate change.
This report is part of a series of six climate nexus reports that cover human rights, inclusive economy, women's empowerment, supply chain, just transition, and health.
The Nexus
Climate and economy are intimately linked. An economy characterized by layers of exclusion and structural discrimination amplifies climate risk by exacerbating the vulnerability of marginalized individuals and communities. Conversely, an inclusive economy can boost our capacity to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of climate change.
According to the World Health Organization and UNICEF, more than 1 billion people, or 18% of the world's population, already suffer from water stress.
An estimated 2°C temperature rise will expose between 2 billion and 3 billion people to water shortages as glaciers melt, droughts become more common, and sea-water seeps into freshwater supplies.
Global workers face a precarious labor situation as the decline in economic security and standards of living in advanced economies combines with looming uncertainty caused by increased automation and widening inequality —this creates unpredictability and risk for business.
Demographic upheavals caused by population growth, migration, aging, and urbanization are straining social safety nets, as well as notions of cultural and national identity.
Businesses make choices about the pricing, design, and distribution of their products that have the opportunity to directly impact economic inclusion:
ensuring their most critical goods and services (healthcare, food, financial services, housing, transport, utilities, and technology platforms that connect to basic needs) are affordable and accessible to all members of a population
making these critical products available and accessible to the world's poorest in developing countries and those lacking transportation or facing other barriers, such as lack of access to nearby grocery stores or pharmacies
creating services such as ride-sharing or other digital apps accessible to those with disabilities in situations where the law does not mandate it.
Climate and Inclusive Economy (continued)
Woolworths Farming for the Future Initiative
Noting a decrease in crop yield and quality from farm suppliers, Woolworths developed an initiative aimed at providing additional assistance to farmers challenged by increasingly difficult growing conditions.
The initiative provides guidance to producers on agricultural best practices, with a heightened focus on water conservation for South African producers.
The initiative also helps organize farm partners toward collective action and engagement with the broader ecosystems of partners needed to preserve the function of their community water resources.
BSR has identified three ways companies can act at the nexus of climate change and inclusive economy:
Companies can take action within their own zone of operations.
Improve enterprise risk- management systems by integrating climate risk and resilience investments; improve employment practices through enhanced job quality and access.
Companies can take a broader approach and work to enable resilience across complex supply chains.
Increase affordability and access to products and services.
Companies can choose to influence the political, social, cultural, and economic conditions that can either exacerbate vulnerability or enhance resilience.
Enhance community and government engagement.
Climate Nexus Report Series
Just Transition
COP25: National Governments Fail to Seize the Day, but Business Climate Action Continues
Aron Cramer, President and CEO, BSR; Samantha Harris, Manager, BSR
As we enter the decisive decade of the 2020s—when significant steps towards decarbonization have to happen if we are to stave off the worst impacts of climate change—the 2019 UN climate conference in Madrid, COP25, was a poor jumping-off point.
The New Climate for Ever-Evolving Technology: Q&A with Patrick Browne, Director, Sustainability, UPS
John Hodges, Managing Director, BSR
BSR interviews UPS Director of Sustainability Patrick Browne on the types of new technologies UPS has deployed, the impact they have had so far, and plans to further integrate tech into their sustainability strategy for 2020 and beyond.
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