text:
Airglades Airport  is a county-owned public-use airport in Hendry County, Florida, United States. It is located  west of the central business district of Clewiston, Florida.

Overview
The airport has a lighted 5950-foot runway (13-31) and ample aircraft tie-down space, Avfuel® aviation and jet fuel, and repair facilities for visiting aircraft and locally based aircraft owners. Unicom is on 123.05. Rental are available, as well as a local taxi service for easy travel around the area.

History
In 1941, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made an urgent appeal to the United States to provide war materials and pilot training for defense against a superior German air power which bombarded England during the Battle of Britain. President Franklin Roosevelt responded by implementing the Lend Lease Act, which called for the construction of six British Flying Training Schools in California, Arizona, Oklahoma, Texas and the British Flying Training School (BFTS) #5 at Riddle Field near the town of Clewiston, Florida, which trained more than 1,700 cadets in the Royal Air Force.

The airfield was opened on 12 November 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces. Assigned to USAAF Southeast Training Center (later Southeast Flying Training Command). It conducted contract basic flying training by Riddle-McKay Aero College (which was at the time one of six divisions of the Embry-Riddle School of Aviation), under the jurisdiction of the 75th Flying Training Detachment (Contract Pilot School)

Daily life at Riddle Field consisted of Primary flight training in the Stearman PT-17, Basic flying training in the Vultee BT-13, through to completion of the Advanced flying course in the Harvard AT-6. The cadets also received extensive training in formation flying, acrobatic maneuvers, armaments and instrument navigation.  More than 1,300 cadets earned their wings at Riddle Field and returned to England to face their two greatest enemies, the Nazis, and the weather.

Local volunteers established a Cadet Club in what was known as the Pioneer Building (on Ponce deLeon Street behind present day U.S. Sugar Corp.) where dances and games were provided. The Clewiston Inn also served as a meeting place for officers and cadets to socialize.

Inactivated 31 December 1945 with the drawdown of AAFTC's pilot training program and was declared surplus in 1946. Responsibility for it was given to the War Assets Administration (WAA) and the facility was eventually acquired by Hendry County.

The present-day Airglades Airport was built after the war over the runways of Riddle Field.  The buildings of the wartime field have been replaced by modern buildings, however the airfield is partially still in use.  The No. 5 BFTS Association of former students continue their contact with the Clewiston community through periodic visits.

See also

 Florida World War II Army Airfields
 28th Flying Training Wing (World War II)

References

 Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002.  Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas
 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History's Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC.

External links

1942 establishments in Florida
Airports established in 1942
Airports in Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Hendry County, Florida
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Florida
USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields
Closed installations of the United States Army

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Freestyle och heelwork to music är nya hundsporter i Sverige. Freestyle blev en officiell gren från och med 2007 och heelwork to music blev inte en officiell gren förrän från och med 2011. Freestyle kan på ett enkelt sätt beskrivas som kreativ lydnad till musik. Det går ut på att skapa ett program av olika rörelser eller positionsarbeten anpassade till ett specifikt musikstycke som man själv väljer.

En freestyletävling bedöms av 2-4 domare som sätter betyg i tre kategorier: utförande, programmets planering och kvalitet, och tolkning av musik. Högsta betyg i samtliga kategorier är 10 poäng, och högsta totalpoäng är alltså 30 poäng. Det finns tre klasser: klass I, klass II och klass III, från lättaste till svåraste klassen. För att flytta upp från klass I till klass II och från klass II till klass III så krävs minst 7,5 poäng i snitt i varje kategori. Uppnår man minst 7,5 poäng i snitt i varje kategori på tre tävlingar i samma klass får hunden titeln FDI (klass I), FDII (klass II) eller SE FREECH (klass III). Om hunden är oregistrerad eller kryptorchid kan den ej erövra SE FREECH utan får istället titeln FDIII.

Heelwork to music
Heelwork to music är en gren av freestyle. Det är en precisionsgren som går ut på att hunden skall gå fot i bestämda positioner i förhållande till hundföraren. Bedömningen består i hur väl ekipagets rörelser följer musiken. Skillnaden mellan freestyle och heelwork består i typen av rörelser som är godkända i vardera gren. Ett heelworkprogram måste innehålla minst 75% positionsarbete medan freestyleprogram får innehålla max 25% av detta. Grenen skapades i Storbritannien och har kommit till Sverige från Danmark. Fr.o.m. 2011 är det en officiell gren av freestyle i Sverige.

I heelwork gäller samma bedömningsregler som för freestyle, och titlarna är HTMDI, HTMDII och HTMDIII. Från och med 2014-01-01 delas CERT ut i klass 3 även i heelwork och då blir det alltså möjligt att bli champion också i denna gren.

Teamwork to music
I samband med freestyletävlingar arrangeras ofta även den inofficiella klassen teamwork to music (TtM) som är en lagklass. Man får själv välja hur laget ska utformas så länge det är fler än sex tassar eller fötter i ringen.

Exempel på vanliga konster och rörelser
Åtta: Hunden utför en åtta mellan förarens ben när denna står stilla.
 Slalom:  Hunden går här sick sack mellan förarens ben när föraren rör sig framåt.
 Sla:  Här går hunden sick sack mellan förarens ben när denna går bakåt.
 Sack:  Föraren rör sig bakåt, hunden backar in bakåt mellan förarens ben i samma rörelse som slalom.
 Snurr:  Hunden tar ett varv runt sig själv åt höger.
 Spinn:  Hunden tar ett varv runt sig själv åt vänster.
 Runt:  Hunden cirkulerar runt föraren.
 Om:  Hunden cirkulerar baklänges runt föraren.
 Ut: Hunden rör sig runt sin förare på avstånd, samma grundprincip som runt mig.
 Ben:  Hunden cirkulerar runt förarens ena ben.
 Bakåt:  Hunden backar antingen med föraren eller utifrån föraren på distans.
 Hopp:  Hunden hoppar fritt i luften eller över en del av föraren. Denna del kan vara exempelvis en arm eller ett ben.
 Zebra:  Hunden balanserar på bakbenen.
 Buga:  Hunden böjer framkroppen mot marken med bakdelen fortfarande i luften.
 Gråta:  Hunden sätter sin framtass över nosen.
 Ducka:  Hunden sänker huvudet mot marken och tar sedan upp det igen.
 Putt:  Hundens tassar och förarens händer vidrör varandra i en puttande rörelse.
 Kö:  Hunden går med sina framtassar efter föraren med tassarna på förarens kropp.

En bra metod att lära in alla möjliga och omöjliga konster är klickerträning.

SM i Freestyle 2009
2009 anordnades det första svenska mästerskapet i freestyle av Skarpnäcks Hundungdom på Stockholms Södra Brukshundklubb i Ågesta söder om Stockholm.. Vinnare blev Karolina "Lina" Pettersson med pumi Zing från Karlstad med 179,63 poäng. Tvåa blev Linda Laikre med dansk-svensk gårdshund Holly på 165,50 poäng och trea blev Li Stenberg med australian kelpie Grynet på 164,76 poäng.

NM i Freestyle 2009
Vid Nordiska Mästerskapen i Herning i Danmark 8 november 2009 vann Sverige guld, och tog även en individuell silvermedalj genom Karolina Pettersson och hunden Zing.

Referenser

Externa länkar
 Sveriges Hundungdom
 Svenska Hundfreestyleklubben
 Regler för freestyle, Svenska Kennelklubben (SKK)

Hundsport


text:
Gift Guide: Father's Day 2012
Every year, you face the same dilemma: What do you buy the man who taught you how to drink for Father's Day? It's a tough decision, but fortunately we have some spirited gift ideas that he's bound to enjoy.
The Gentry Man ($20):
Even if your pops doesn't remember Gentry magazine (it was published in the 1950s), he'll appreciate this collection of its best stories on everything from "A Handy Guide to Nogs, Grogs and Punches" to a profile of boxer Sugar Ray Robinson.
The PDT Cocktail Book ($65):
Get your dad this deluxe edition of award-winning bartender and Liquor.com advisory board member Jim Meehan's The PDT Cocktail Book. It's covered in fine leather from historic Southern firm Moore & Giles and features a special design by illustrator Chris Gall.
Colonel E.H. Taylor, Jr. Barrel Proof Bourbon ($70):
Celebrate your father—and Colonel E.H. Taylor, a father of the bourbon industry—with this brand-new, limited-edition seven-year-old whiskey. At nearly 135-proof, the liquor is not for the faint of heart, but it is full of flavor and can be sipped on the rocks or used in a potent Manhattan.
Plantation Rum Guadeloupe Vintage 1998 ($65):
With the official start of summer just days away, it's the perfect time to begin drinking rum. This 12-year-old bottling (pictured above) was recently released and was made from 100-percent fresh-pressed sugar cane. Only 600 bottles were allocated for the United States.
Series & Type: ProductsHoliday Gift Guide
Hooters Releases Its Own Cinnamon Whiskey
Gin Christmas Ornaments Debut in New Flavors
Tequila Coffee Exists To Make Your Mornings Much, Much Better
7 Best High-Roller American Whiskeys
Meet the Bartender Who's Putting Manila's Cocktail Scene on the Map
CBD Gin & Tonic
Don't lose track of Gift Guide: Father's Day 2012!
Permanently save Gift Guide: Father's Day 2012 and the others to your Liquor.com account:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
(Andrew Burton/Getty Images)
What Presidential Candidates Can Learn from Chris Christie About the Drug Problem
David W. Murray & John P. Walters
"We … say for first time non-violent drug offenders, no more prison. They are going to mandatory inpatient drug treatment because this is a disease, and the war on drugs has been a failure. . . . And what we need is a country and a President who will stand up and say this is a disease and we need to fix it."
--Chris Christie, Monday, August 3, 2015
Taking a public health approach to the drug problem is exactly the right response and it requires a genuine strategy.
Governor Christie is right to say that "first time non-violent drug offenders" don't belong in prison. Thankfully, they aren't sent to prison in America today. Criminal justice statistics show that low-level drug users simply aren't incarcerated for using drugs, either in state or federal prison. New Jersey is not alone.
In reality, those in prison for drug offenses are overwhelmingly drug dealers; they are traffickers selling drugs—large amounts—and most often with long criminal careers. It is the right public policy for these people to be in prison, because of the harm that they cause to others. They create victims, and society is right to stop them.
So, Christie has it right: prison for drug dealers, but those who have the behavioral disease of drug use need to get "drug treatment, rather than prison." And getting many people the treatment they need is best accomplished by enlisting law enforcement in referring them to a treatment program. Sanctioned, court supervised treatment is by far the most successful path for helping some of our most addicted citizens. If you eliminate the role of law enforcement by making drugs legal, you're removing the incentive for recovery, and the main route by which those who have the disease get the help that they need.
Governor Christie also knows that we need a strong stance regarding prevention, to stop the spread of the disease. That's another reason why it's exactly the wrong thing to legalize drugs like marijuana. Legal, readily accessible drugs undermine prevention messages, undermine treatment and recovery, and actually increase the risk that young people will be trapped by addiction.
In addition, we have to interrupt the supply of these deadly substances. We have to use law enforcement and interdiction and border security to stop the flow of these drugs to our communities, and to stop the criminal gangs that traffic them.
There has to be a strategic chain of responses to the disease of addiction. It begins with reducing the supply and availability of the substances that cause the addiction in the first place. Then we need to follow that with strong prevention messages to reduce the demand for the drugs, and the number of young people caught in this trap. Finally, we need to have real treatment and recovery for those already trapped, who don't need more, and more readily available, drugs when they do get free.
We can see the impact of drug supply in two cases. When the supply of cocaine from Colombia was dramatically reduced (beginning in 2006, production heading for U.S communities dropped by 75 percent), the demand for the drug on U.S. streets declined by 50 percent. Lives were saved, more people went into treatment, and prevention efforts among youth gained strength. We gained a major public health victory by these combined actions.
Conversely, all of our best demand reduction efforts, offering treatment and prevention and even overdose intervention, have not been enough to reverse the current, rising heroin epidemic in the U.S. and the spiraling overdose death rate afflicting nearly every major city.
That's because we failed to prevent the massive increase in supply of heroin flooding our streets. Today, heroin is more potent and cheaper than ever, and more readily available than it has ever been in the U.S. We broke the first link in the chain of essential responses: reduce the flow of drugs into our lives, and push back against the criminals who traffic the drug across our borders and distribute it through gangs found in every major city.
But allowing this wave of cheap, potent heroin to overwhelm us, we are losing the battle for treatment and prevention. A true public health response requires that we not only strengthen prevention and treatment, but cut off the source of the deadly disease. That's the only public health strategy that works.
Instead, the Obama Administration has been doing precisely the wrong thing; by promoting drug legalization, starting with marijuana, it has eroded prevention, and undermined the incentives for treatment and recovery. The administration has increased drug availability, the acceptability of drugs, and now increased the use of drugs all across the nation. It starts with marijuana, but all drugs get swept along.
This public health disaster will confront the next president on Inauguration Day.
David W. Murray
John P. Walters
Weekly Standard Online
The "Colorado Experiment": Legalized Marijuana's Impact in Colorado
The state of Colorado has been offered up by many policy makers as a test case regarding the wisdom of drug legalization. Colorado has permitted "me...
Panel Discussion: What You Need to Know About President Biden's Prescription Drug Agenda
Adam Mossoff
In a panel discussion for The Heritage Foundation, Adam Mossoff discusses President Biden's prescription drug agenda. iframe#1...
Making a Killing | Ep. 7: Risks and Opportunities for the Fight Against Kleptocracy
Nate Sibley
Paul Massaro, Casey Michel and Nate Sibley discuss Rudy Giuliani's alleged foreign entanglements, London libel lawyers, and returning stolen assets ...


text:
Q: Error invoking a web reference service which receives a long list of objects I'm invoking a service on a Web Reference which receives a list of objects List<T>
It works well list up to approximately 13000, but when the length of the list is over 13000 and the service is invoked it throws the following error:
The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a receive.
I also had an error very similar (The underlying connection was closed: The connection was closed unexpectedly.) on a service which receives a string and returns a long list of objects (as you can see here), I've solved it in the web.config, but it doesn't solve the error for the service which receives the List as a parameter, it only works to be able to return long lists of objects
I have this in the bindings:
<binding name="customBasicHttp" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00"
    sendTimeout="00:01:00" allowCookies="false"
    bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
    maxBufferSize="67108864" maxBufferPoolSize="67108864"
    maxReceivedMessageSize="67108864" messageEncoding="Text"
    textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" useDefaultWebProxy="true">
    <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="67108864"
        maxArrayLength="67108864" maxBytesPerRead="5242880"
        maxNameTableCharCount="67108864" />
    <security mode="None" />
</binding>

And this in the behaviors:
<behavior name="EndpointBehaviour">
    <dataContractSerializer maxItemsInObjectGraph="2147483647" />
</behavior>

I need to be able to send a long list of objects as a parameter to a service in a web reference

A: What if you split your large array of object in for example 3 or 4 parts and each time send one of them via web service?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I don't believe Wall Street is more important than the bees that pollinate our food supply. I don't believe petroleum is more important than clean drinking water. I don't believe entertainment provided by the dysfunctional Kardashian's is more important than investing in my own family. And I certainly don't believe the answer to society's maladies comes from Washington. Rather, I think our civilization is only as healthy as the earthworms in our soil, our bodies are only as healthy as food we grow and eat, our economy is only as healthy as our personal finances, and our health care begins in our own kitchens and gardens.
Why would I want to be surrender myself to a system that promotes disempowerment, and corporate and governmental dependency? If wellness comes from drugs rather than our gardens, we'll spend more money on drugs. If our homesteads heal us emotionally, physically, and spiritually, what need do we have of so much health care in the first place?


Fix & Flip Hard Money Loans are for real estate investors who are in the business of actively locating properties to purchase at a discount, making necessary repairs and improvements and later selling the property for a profit. Our Fix & Flip Loans can provide the needed capital to make the deal work.
Since financing costs are a substantial cost component in any Fix & Flip Loan transaction we always strive to structure the lowest possible interest rates and costs for our Borrowers.
Our Interest rates range from 9% to 12% and our loan origination points range from 1 to 1 ½ Points on most loans.
We are an equity lender and look to the equity in the subject property to secure our loan, so don't let your credit or income stand in the way of you taking advantage of finding and buying a good deal and making a lot of money in today's real estate market.
Most mortgage lenders only take into consideration the purchase price when looking to finance a Fix & Flip Transaction; we will look further into the deal to determine the current market value from which to base our company's Hard Money Loan. In addition, we can also provide necessary funds to make needed repairs and upgrades, and can also consider the property's ARV (After Repaired Value) when determining our final loan amount.
Our company's LTV's go up to 70%. If the property is purchased at a substantial discount from current market value, the need for Borrower's funds contribution can be greatly reduced.
If substantial improvements and repairs are contemplated to be made by our Borrower a Fund Control Account might be necessary to assure that scheduled property improvements are made and that they comply with required building codes general building standards. This service our company provides protects all parties and assures that all work is done properly and is up to building codes.
If you have a possible Fix & Flip deal and would like our company to check out the merits of the transaction and determine the Fix & Flip Loan that we can provide, then please call one of our loan consultants, or you can fill out our Short & Simple Loan Submission for a fast response.
Some products may not be available in all states. Restrictions apply. All rights reserved. Pre-qualification is neither pre-approval nor a commitment to lend; you must submit additional information for review and approval. Approval may be subject to rate increases, satisfactory title and appraisal review, and no change in financial condition.
*Refinancing or taking out a home equity loan or line of credit may increase the total number of monthly payments and the total amount paid when comparing to your current situation.


Yup. What else would you expect from an engineer?
That's a perfectly executed series. Will keep those images as templates for my own tying.
Topic: Do you have a name for this one William?
Re: Do you have a name for this one William?
I can't tell from pic, but is that a gold rib?
Do you have a name for this one William?
How's that for a compliment?


"Rick And Morty" co-creator claims season four "hasn't been ordered."
Rick and Morty started as a silent hit and grew into a national classic. Creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland brought the raunchy yet intricately layered adult cartoon to Cartoon Network's Adult Swim in 2013. Since then, the show has become a staple in modern day culture, with characters like Pickle Rick and phrases like "get schwifty" becoming trending topics. Still, with all of its success, the fourth season of Rick and Morty might be in jeopardy.
Co-creator Dan Harmon responded to an angry fan on Twitter over the weekend, and he blatantly stated that the fourth season of the hit series has yet to be ordered. The fan was irritated by delays that he thought were attributed to writing, and called Harmon a drunk that couldn't complete his work. Harmon explained to him that the writing was not the only issue. "It can be challenging, especially with crippling lazy alcoholism, to write a show that hasn't been ordered by a network," Tweeted Harmon in response. The Rick and Morty co-creator has never been timid about addressing his self-admitted alcoholic ways.
In December, news broke that season four of Ricky and Morty was in danger after a writer stated that no one was working on the script. Speaking with The Detroit Cast, show writer Ryan Ridley stated, "As far as I know no one's working on the show and I'm certainly not, so I don't know what's going on." Harmon's tweets only reaffirm the uncertain fate of Rick and Morty.
XXXTentacion Shouts Out Trippie Redd: "I Love You And I Love The World, Bro"


text:
Q: bootstrap modal $(...).modal is not a function I'm trying to open a bootstrap modal dialog when clicking the span, I've searched the internet for solutions to my problem bootstrap modal $(...).modal is not a function but the only solution I've found is " put jQuery scripts before bootstrap scripts because bootstrap depends on jQuery " so I've put jQuery first, and it still gives me the same error: bootstrap modal $(...).modal is not a function
Here's the code I've tried with so far:
HTML

                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">×</button>

Are you sure you want to delete this transaction?

                ...

                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="delete">Delete</button>

jQuery
$(".spanRemoveTransaction").on('click', function (e) {
    theTransactionId = $(this).attr("value");
    e.preventDefault();
    deleteTransactionModal(theTransactionId, e);
});

function deleteTransactionModal(theTransactionId, e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    $('#myModal').modal({
        keyboard: false
    }).on('click', '#delete', function (e) {
        var url = config.deploymentIp + "/Controller?deleteTransaction";
        var transactionId = "";
        $.ajax({
            dataType: "json",
            type: "POST",
            url: url,
            data: {transactionId: theTransactionId},
            success: function (data, textStatus, jqXHR)
            {
                if (!data["has_errors"]) {
                    $('table#transactionList tr#'+theTransactionId).remove();
                } else {
                    transactionId = data.errors["transactionId"];

                    if (transactionId === "transactionIdError") {

                    }
                }
            }
        });
    });
}

Scripts

If anyone has a solution to this, or just happen to have fresh eyes and can help me locate the problem, it would be greatly appreciated.

A: You are using jQuery.noCoflict
Here is a jsFiddle
Use
 jQuery.noConflict();
 jQuery('#myModal') ....

Please tell me if it works or not.
UPDATE
As @dashtinejad point to another thing in his comment after the no conflict:
Other parts of script which rely on $ should change to jQuery also

A:

$(document).ready(function () {

     // Attach Button click event listener
    $('.glyphicon-remove spanRemoveTransaction').click(function(){

         // show Modal
      alert("pp")
         $('#myModal').modal('show');
    });
});

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">

click the span

                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">×</button>

Are you sure you want to delete this transaction?

                ...

                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="delete">Delete</button>


Aviaagregat is planning to introduce a design technology flow system for their manufacturing processes based on the Siemens PLM software system (Product LifeCycle Management).
Rostec, May 14, 2015 - Aviaagregat, part of Technodinamika Holding, is planning to introduce a design technology flow system for their manufacturing processes based on the Siemens PLM software system (Product LifeCycle Management).
At the moment Aviaagregat is working on the introduction of a single in-company information system which will cut out redundancy and duplication of information. This will be achieved by automatic data synchronization allowing for a reduction in in organizational barriers between departments and will do away with the paper documentation turnover.
"The creation of the single information system throughout the holding company will enhance the effective organisation of joint project work throughout the companies within the holding", remarked the Deputy CEO of Manufacturing, Technology and Quality of Technodinamika Holding, Alexander Kosov.
"The single information system is a requirement for the transition from the design of individual components within the holding to the manufacturing of turnkey systems, and also to ensure compliance with international quality standards and reduction of design periods for innovative products".
Andrei Petrichko, CEO of Aviaagregat stated that the use of PLM enables the company to halve design periods and engineering costs, "In addition to this, the use of electronic marketing reduces the product sale period. The use of the PLM system will enable us in a short time to produce high quality products with a low end value and also develop complex systems in an operational manner, compliant with market requirements", said the CEO of the company.
Product LifeCycle Management (PLM) – is an organizational and technical system which supports the management of all product information and connected processes throughout its life cycle – from design and manufacturing to removal from operation. The products referred to are technical resources of varying degrees of complexity: ships, cars, aircraft, rockets, computer systems, computer networks etc. The product information contained within the PLM system is a digital model of the product.
"Aviaagregat has been using Siemens software products for a number of years to develop aviation products" said Viktor Beslanov, Vice President and General Manager of Siemens PLM Software in Russia and the CIS countries. "The creation of a design technology flow system for manufacturing processes has taken our cooperation in a new direction towards the centralized introduction of modern product life cycle management technologies".
The development of cooperation between the companies is aimed at consolidating the position of Technodinamika Holding as the leader of aviation component manufacturing. The modernization of production will reduce manufacturing costs and increase volume. It will also enhance productivity and make it more environmentally friendly.


Welcome to 602 E. Pleasant Grove Road, a classic 4 bedroom stone front Colonial situated on a private, level 1 acre lot on a no-outlet street in sought after West Chester. Enter the home into the foyer to find the formal living room on the left with hardwood floors and crown molding and the dining room on the right. Hardwood floors from the dining room continue through double doors and into the spacious kitchen with granite countertops, tile backsplash, cherry cabinets, all stainless steel appliances, a breakfast room and an open concept to the family room. Enjoy the colder months sitting fireside in the cozy family room. Relax and unwind in the gorgeous great room with windows all around with views to the private back yard, mature trees and the large 2-tiered deck, the perfect place to entertain and enjoy warm sunny days. A laundry room with access to the 2 car garage and powder room with pedestal sink completes the main level. Upper level master bedroom boasts a walk-in closet, hardwood floors and an en-suite with shower stall, tile floor and linen closet. Three additional bedrooms, a full bath with double sink and tub/shower as well as a hallway walk-in closet with attic access can all be found on the upper level. Full unfinished basement is perfect for all of your storage needs or finish it off for additional living space. This home is conveniently located nearby Oakbourne Park and within close access to major roadways as well as all the shopping, dining and nightlife in West Chester Boro. Do not miss out on this amazing opportunity!


text:
US7973641B1 - RFID based parking management system - Google Patents
RFID based parking management system Download PDF
rfid tag
Yuanlin Huang
2007-06-06 Application filed by Yuanlin Huang filed Critical Yuanlin Huang
238000003860 storage Methods 0 claims description 7
238000004891 communication Methods 0 claims description 2
230000003190 augmentative Effects 0 description 1
B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
An radio frequency identification (RFID) tag parking system to control a gate to allow a patron in a vehicle to enter and exit a parking facility without stopping, the system comprising: a first antenna for reading an RFID tag in a first area contained within a lane 215 associated with an entrance or an exit of the facility; a second antenna for reading the RFID tag in a second area, separate from the first area, contained within the lane 215 associated with the entrance or exit; an RFID reader 250 connected to the first and second antennae to read an identification (ID) associated with the RFID tag when the RFID tag passes through one of the first and second areas; and a processing device to determine that the read ID is valid and may access the facility and to control the gate to open. The system of claim 1 wherein the first and second antennae are sequentially activated as a vehicle enters the first area and the second area, respectively. The system also may include a registration unit 120, a payment unit, a driver information unit, and a reservation unit.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/811,424, filed Jun. 7, 2006, and titled "RFID Parking Based Management," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
The following description relates generally to the parking management system. More specifically, the description relates to administering and managing a parking facility based on real time identification of vehicles with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology.
As our social and economic activities progress, the administration and management of parking facilities are increasingly challenging. For example, university campuses and medical facilities assign various levels of parking privileges to students, faculty, patients, and doctors. Patrons of transit stations and airports demand fast and convenient access to and egress from parking facilities in downtown and other activity center situations. Drivers want to quickly find an available space even when traffic is congested. Parking operators want to maximize the revenue and utilization of the parking facilities.
Drivers at a typical university or medical parking facility are mostly regular patrons. Drivers at the facility purchase a permit and display the permit from a parking administrative office to display on their windshield. An entrance attendant visually inspects the permit and manually operates a gate to grant access to vehicles entering the facility. Some disadvantages of such a system include bottlenecks that may occur at entrances and exits at certain times of the day due to higher volumes of traffic (e.g., morning and evening peak hours). Furthermore, it is often difficult for attendants to quickly inspect permits for compliance with facilities having various levels of parking privileges.
Drivers at a typical airport or transit parking facility approach a gated entrance of the parking facility, stop their car, and take a magnetic ticket from a dispenser which causes the gate to open allowing the car to enter. The ticket may include a time and a gate entrance recorded on it. When leaving, the driver hands the magnetic ticket to an attendant to calculate parking fee, and pays with cash or a credit card. This system requires the driver to stop twice at the facility (to receive the ticket and pay for parking) which is, among other things, inconvenient to the driver and labor intensive.
Drivers at a typical downtown parking facility pay fees to attendants at the entrance or an exit. The entrance is blocked or a sign is displayed when the lot is full which has its disadvantages. For example, a driver en route to the facility has no way to know whether a parking space will be available upon reaching the parking facility. If the parking facility is full, the driver also has no way to determine which nearby parking facility has available spaces. As a result, the driver must continue to drive randomly around until a space is located. This is particularly frustrating to drivers on congested city streets.
Recently, RFID technology has started to be employed for use in parking facilities. One significant advantage of RFID systems is the potential expedience of hands-free use of the parking facility. However, many conventional implementations have used active RFID tags that have long read ranges and are therefore not suitable for parking management. For example, issues with RF signal interference caused by the long read ranges have resulted in problems for smooth facility operation. Other conventional implementations using passive RFID tags require a driver to stop near a sensor at a gate to read the RFID tag due to the limited ability of such systems to read data beyond short range.
Current systems of managing parking facilities are, among other things, inconvenient for drivers, expensive to operate, and underutilize the parking facility. Therefore, improvements continue to be developed for parking facility technology.
In one general aspect, an radio frequency identification (RFID) based parking system to control each gate to allow a patron in a vehicle to enter and exit a parking facility without stopping includes a first antenna for reading an RFID tag in a first area contained within a lane associated with an entrance or an exit of the facility; a second antenna for reading the RFID tag in a second area, separate from the first area, contained within the lane associated with the entrance or exit; an RFID reader connected to the first and second antennae to read an identification (ID) associated with the RFID tag when the RFID tag passes through one of the first and second areas; and a processing device to determine that the read ID is valid and may access the facility and to control the gate to open. The first and second antennae may be sequentially activated as a vehicle enters the first area and the second area, respectively.
The system may further include: a first detector to detect a vehicle, and a second detector to detect the vehicle, where the RFID reader activates the first antenna to read the RFID tag in the first area when the vehicle is detected by the first detector; deactivates the first antenna and activates the second antenna to read the RFID tag in the second area when the vehicle is detected by the second detector. The first detector may be positioned in the lane approximately at an edge of the first area farthest from the gate, and the second detector may be positioned in the lane at an edge of the first area close to the gate. A third detector to detect a vehicle may be positioned in the lane after the gate where the RFID reader deactivates the second antenna and closes the gate when the vehicle is detected by the third detector. The primary antenna may be disposed above the lane and the first area may extend generally from the first detector to the second detector.
The primary antenna may be linearly polarized and the secondary antenna is circularly polarized.
The distance D in feet along a horizontal axis from the gate to an edge of the first area farthest from the gate is the sum of D1 the distance in feet along a horizontal axis from the gate to the second detector and D2 the distance in feet along the same horizontal axis from the second detector to the first doctor and D is expressed as: D=D1+D2=2*MPH+(MPH)2/5 where MPH is the speed limit in miles per hour in the lane at the gate.
The RFID tag may be a passive RFID tag.
The system also may include one or more of: a registration unit to obtain information about a user of the parking facility for storage in a database corresponding to the ID associated with an RFID, a payment unit to receive payment with regard to an account associated with a specific RFID tag ID, a driver information unit to provide real time parking availability information of the parking facility. The driver information unit may include a remote interface to present the real time parking space availability information and other parking facility information. The remote interface may send the real time parking availability information to a remote processing device at specified times. The parking information may be a text message including the real time parking availability information.
The system also may include a reservation unit to reserve a parking space remotely before arriving at a facility. The reservation unit may provide a user interface to allow a user to check parking availability at the facility, to make payment, and to reserve a parking space. The reservation unit also may provide an online auction to receive bids for an available parking space and award the parking space to the highest bidder.
The system also may include a database in communication with the processing device to store information of a user associated with the RFID tag including real time transaction data.
Other features will be apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating an RFID system.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram illustrating an RFID unit with two antennae for use in the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows an example of spatial positions of the two antennae for use with the unit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows another example of the spatial positions of the two antennae for use with the unit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating an RFID system for internal free parking.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary process for use with the system of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating an RFID system for internal paid parking.
FIG. 9 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating an RFID system for public parking.
FIG. 10 is an exemplary process for use with the system of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating system for public parking with regular patrons.
FIG. 12 is an exemplary process for use with the system of FIG. 11.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
An RFID based parking management system with automated processes for parking management is described herein. The system may include an RFID unit, a registration unit, a payment unit, a driver information unit, a reservation unit, and a central database. The system and processes are described below by way of various examples with relation to FIGS. 1-12.
FIG. 1 illustrates one example of components for use in an RFID system 100 for parking management. The system 100 may include: an RFID unit 110; a registration unit 120; a payment unit 130; a driver information unit 140; a reservation unit 150; a server 155 and a central database unit 160.
The RFID unit 110, registration unit 120, payment unit 130, driver information unit 140, and reservation unit 150 may include a processing device, a storage device or memory, and/or a display. Other components also may be included, such as, for example, an I/O interface, a user interface, a speaker, and a communications device or bus. These components may be incorporated in a single device or housing or two or more of the components may be provided as separate devices, such as, for example, peripheral devices. Furthermore, although each of the units is shown by example in FIG. 1 as discrete units, it will be appreciated that two or more of these units may be combined as a single unit or between several units to suit a particular application and/or parking facility.
The processing device may be implemented using a general-purpose or a special purpose computer, such as, for example, a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcomputer, a field programmable array (FPGA), a programmable logic unit (PLU) or a microprocessor capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner. The processing device may run one or more software applications including a user registration application to command and direct the processing device to add a new user to receive or process payments and accounts, dispense RFID tags, open and close gates at entrances, and communicate with other system devices and components as explained in greater detail below. The software applications may include a computer program, a piece of code, an instruction, or some combination thereof, for independently or collectively instructing the processing device to operate as desired. The processor also may access, store, manipulate, and create data in response to the applications.
The applications and data may be embodied permanently or temporarily in any type of machine, component, physical or virtual equipment, storage medium, or propagated signal wave capable of providing instructions or data to or being interpreted by the processing device. In particular, the applications or data may be stored by a storage medium or a memory including volatile and non-volatile memories (e.g., a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a compact disk, a tape, a DROM, a flip-flop, a register, an SRAM, DRAM, PROM, EPROM, OPTROM, EEPROM, NOVRAM, or RAMBUS), such that if the memory is read or accessed by the processing device, the specified steps, processes, and/or instructions are performed and/or data is accessed or stored. The memory or unit may include an I/O interface, such that data and applications may be loaded and stored in the memory allowing the applications, programming, and data to be updated, changed, or augmented. The memory may be removable, such as, for example, a card, a stick, or a disk that is inserted in or removed from the unit.
The I/O interface may be provided to exchange data with the components of the system units or components using various communications paths 180. The interface may be implemented as part of the processing device or separately to allow the processing device to communicate with other devices, such as, for example, a memory device, a server, a network, the Internet, a mobile phone, a personal data assistant (PDA), a digital tablet/pad computer, a hand held computer, a personal computer, a notebook computer, a client device, and/or a workstation. The interface may include two or more interfaces, including interfaces for different types of hardware and for different types of communications media and protocols to translate information into a format that may be used by the processing device. Similarly, the interface may translate data/information received from the processing device to a format that may be transmitted to other devices and units of the system via a communications path 180. The interface allows the processing device to send and receive information using the communications paths 180.
The communications paths 180 may be configured to send and receive signals (e.g., electrical, electromagnetic, or optical) that convey or carry data streams representing various types of analog and/or digital data. For example, the communications paths 180 may be implemented using various communications media and one or more networks comprising one or more network devices (e.g., servers, routers, switches, hubs, repeaters, and storage devices). The one or more networks may include a LAN, a WAN, a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a digital subscriber line (DSL) network, an integrated services digital network (ISDN), a synchronous optical network (SONNET), or a combination of two or more of these networks. In addition, the communications paths 180 may include one or more wireless links (e.g., cellular, mobile, GSM, TDMA, CDMA, and satellite) that transmit and receive electromagnetic signals, such as, for example, radio frequency, infrared, and microwave signals, to convey information.
For purposes of illustration, the RFID unit 110 may include an RFID tag that may be assigned to a vehicle and an RFID reading device, such as an RFID reader located at each entrance and/or exit gate of a parking facility. One or two antennae for each lane of an entrance and/or exit may be associated with the RFID reader. In one example, an RF signal interface and passive RFID tags may be used, although, active RFID tags also may be used. For hands-free access and egress from a parking facility, a single antenna may be used for each entrance and/or exit. However, two antennae may be used for access and egress without having the vehicle stop as explained in detail below. One of the antennae may be circularly polarized to read the RFID tags with various orientations. The other antenna may be linearly polarized, for example, to maximize the range at which an RFID tag may be read. A method to separate the RF signal of antenna by space and by sequencing is provided. Various examples of positioning, orientation, and processing of RFID data are given in greater detail below.
A parking permit with RFID tag may be obtained by registering a vehicle via the registration unit and paying a fee via the payment unit 130 the first time a user accesses the system. Thereafter, a user may check for availability of parking spaces using the driver information unit 140, and reserve a space using the reservation unit 150. When a user drives to the parking facility, the RFID unit 110 reads the RFID tag information from the vehicle, verifies the information with the central database 160 for payment and other parking policies, permits or denies access accordingly, and records the real time transaction and activity data at the central database 160.
The registration unit may be used to obtain information about vehicles and/or drivers that regularly use a parking facility. It also provides a means for entering administrative information, such as parking restrictions, privileges, and fees. The registration unit may include one or more workstations connected with a server 155 via a communications links, such as, a LAN or the Internet. The server 155 may be connected with a central database 160. In one example, various applications for the parking system may be web based and run by the server computer 155 to enable parking management personnel and/or customers to provide vehicle and driver information supplied by a workstation for storage in the central database 160. The vehicle information may include, for example, an ID associated with an RFID tag, a license plate, a make, a model, a color, a picture. The driver information may include, for example, a name, an address, a phone, an email, and a parking privilege (e.g., an employee may have the privilege to park for free or a professor may have the privilege to park in more desirable parking facility than a student). The vehicle and driver information may be stored in connection with an account maintained in the central database 160. Although server 155 is represented as a single server, one will appreciate that two or more severs may be employed in order to handle the demand associated with any particular application.
The payment unit 130 allows drivers to make payment remotely or at a payment station with regard to each account associated with a specific RFID tag ID. Payments may be made in a number of different ways. For example, a driver may prepay or deposit funds within an account; the parking fee is automatically deducted from the account for each use. The payment station may be located within a parking facility which may reduce and/or eliminate the need for attendants at the parking facility.
The driver information unit 140 provides real time parking availability information to drivers who may use the parking facility. In one example, the driver information unit 140 may be implemented using a display located outside the parking facility to present the real time availability of parking spaces. The display device may connect with a control station via a communications path. In another implementation, the driver information unit 140 may include a website or other remote interface to present real time parking space availability and other parking facility information. The interface also allows drivers to schedule parking information to be sent to a mobile phone, a pager, or an email account at specified times. In yet another embodiment, the driver information unit 140 may run an application to provide a text messaging service that sends real time parking availability information to driver's cell phone, PDA, computer, or other device on demand. For example, parking information may be scheduled to be sent to a mobile phone in the morning before a driver leaves a residence. The parking availability information may include, for example, a number of spaces that are available or specific spaces that are available in a parking facility or zones of a facility. For example, a zone may be an area within a parking facility, such as one floor on a multi-floor parking facility. The driver information unit 140 reduces and/or eliminates the need for drivers to search for spaces.
The reservation unit 150 allows drivers to reserve parking spaces remotely before arriving at a facility. The reservation unit 150 includes an application to access or communicate with the driver information unit 140 to check for availability of spaces at the facility and the payment unit 130 to receive electronic payment or check funds with an account. In one example, the server 155 provides an Internet web site and/or a text messaging service as described above. A driver may check parking availability, make payment, and reserve a parking space via an Internet web-site or via a user or mobile device, such as a cell phone providing convenience for drivers in areas with a shortage of parking spaces.
FIG. 2 shows one exemplary schematic diagram 200 for implantation of the RFID unit 110 of FIG. 1. An RFID tag 201 is placed somewhere on each vehicle 205 (e.g., on a windshield of the vehicle). A primary antenna 210 may be positioned proximately to the lane 215 at the entrance or exit of the parking facility. In one example, the primary antenna 210 may be mounted on a frame 217 above the lane with a gate 220 at the entrance or exit. The lane may be bounded by an indication 227 (e.g., lines or curbs). In addition, three vehicle detectors 230, 231, 235 may be placed in the lane 215 between the boundaries 227. The vehicle detectors 230, 231, 235 are explained in more detail below with regard to various embodiments of the invention.
A secondary antenna 240 may be mounted near the gate 220 (e.g., on the driver side of a curb). An RFID reader 250 may be connected to the antennae 210, 240, a control station 255, and a gate control device 260. In one example, the antennae 210, 240 may be connected to the RFID reader 250 via a communications path 180 (e.g., coaxial cables). The RFID reader 250 and the control station 255 may be connected to a network or connected to each other directly via a communications path (e.g., using RJ45 Ethernet cable). The RFID reader 250 communicates using digital I/O signals. In one example, the reader may be implemented using a commercially available RFID reader 250, such as; for example, SAMSys UHF MP9320 RFID reader. In one example, the RFID tag 201 may be implemented using a commercially available tag, such as, for example, a Rafsec frog RFID tag. The gate control device 260 may be implemented using a programmable logic unit (PLU) connected to the control station via a RJ45 cable.
As a registered vehicle 205 approaches the gate 220 of the parking facility, the RFID reader 250 via the primary antenna 210 attempts to read the RFID tag 201. If the RFID tag is successfully read, the control station accesses a central database 160 to retrieve any necessary information using an ID that is determined from data read from the RFID tag 201. The control station 255 processes the ID to determine whether the vehicle 205 should be granted access to the facility. If access is granted, the control station 255 causes the gate controller 260 to open the gate 220 using a control signal sent to the gate controller 260 and/or via the RFID reader 250 allowing the driver to pass through the gate 220 without stopping the vehicle 205. In the event the RFID reader 250 is not able to determine an ID from the RFID tag 201 using the primary antenna 210, the driver may continue slowly toward the secondary antenna 240, and stop if necessary, to allow reading of the RFID tag 201 to ensure the RFID tag is successfully read. The control station 255 processes the ID read from the tag to control the gate controller 260 as described above.
In conventional RFID parking systems, RF signal interference compromises reliability of reading the RFID tag. According to one embodiment described herein, the RFID system separates the RF signals by space as illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows a deployment 300 of the fields 301 and 305 associated with RF signals of the primary and secondary antennae 210, 240, respectively. The fields 301 and 305 have areas that are limited within the lane 215. As a result of this deployment, the signals from the antennae avoid energizing and reading the RFID tag of a vehicle that may be located in an adjacent lane. This arrangement physically separates the RF signals of the antennae in each lane from interfering with signals in adjacent lanes. Separating the signals by lane prevents the system from accidentally opening the gate of an adjacent lane, as occurs in some conventional systems.
In addition to separating the signal fields 301 and 305 by space between lanes, FIG. 3 also shows that the RF signals of the primary and secondary antennae 210, 240 within the same lane 215 also are spatially separated from each other. According to this embodiment, a primary vehicle detector 230 may be located in the lane 215 before the vehicle reaches the primary antenna 210. A secondary vehicle detector 231 may be positioned before the secondary antenna 240. A third vehicle detector 235 may be located in the lane 215 behind the gate 220. The vehicles detectors 230, 231, 235 may be implemented, for example, using any commercially available vehicle detector, such as a loop detector, connected to the RFID reader 250 and/or control station 255 to activate and deactivate the primary and secondary antennae 210, 240 based on detection signals supplied by the detectors 230, 231, 235. Once a vehicle 205 is detected by the primary detector 230, the primary antenna 210 is activated. After the vehicle passes the second detector 231, the primary antenna 210 is deactivated and the secondary antenna 240 is activated. After the vehicle passes the third detector 235, the gate 220 is closed and the secondary antenna 240 is deactivated. In this way the antennae 210, 240 are sequentially activated and deactivated to ensure that a vehicle trailing a preceding vehicle does not open the gate for the preceding vehicle (a common problem of most conventional systems).
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram 400 of the relative positioning of the vehicle detectors 230, 231, 235, antennae 210, 240, and the gate 220 in a plane defined by a horizontal and vertical axis. In this exemplary arrangement, the field 301 associated with the primary antenna 210 is longer than the field 305 associated with the secondary antenna 240. In addition, the first antenna 210 is positioned above the lane 215 such that the field 301 is projected downward at an angle from the first antenna 210 to the ground approximately at the first vehicle detector 230. As a result, the RFID tag in a vehicle will pass somewhere through the field after being detected by the first vehicle detector 230 when approaching the facility entrance or exit. When a vehicle 205 approaches the gate 220, the first vehicle detector 230 is triggered and the primary antenna 210 is activated. Once the primary antenna 210 is activated, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag of the vehicle 205 to open the gate in a short period of time (e.g., a fraction of a second to a few seconds). If the vehicle passes the second detector 231 and the RFID tag has not successfully been read, a signal may be presented to the driver to indicate to the driver that the primary antenna 210 has failed to read the tag (e.g., an illuminated light, display, sign, and/or audio alarm). The vehicle 205 travels a distance d2 from the time it passes the first detector and the time the driver realizes the first antenna failed to read the tag. The vehicle 205 may safely slow down and/or stop in front of the gate near the secondary antenna 240 at a distance of d1. If the gate 220 is not open due to read failure, driver will have enough time to brake and stop in front of the gate 220. The combined distance D of distance of d1 and d2 may be expressed as:
D=d1+d2=2*MPH+(MPH)2/5
d1 is the distance (in feet) for the driver to stop in front of the gate after being signaled that the primary antenna 210 has failed to read the tag;
d2 is the distance (in feet) from the first detector 230 to the point the driver after being signaled that the primary antenna 210 failed to read the tag 201;
D is distance (in feet) from the first detector 230 to the gate 220; and
MPH is the speed limit in miles per hour at the gate.
For example, if the speed limit is 5 MPH, then D=2*5+5*5/5=15 feet. To maximize the incidence of passing the gate without stopping of the vehicle, the primary antenna 210 may be positioned such that the RFID tag on vehicle may be read 15 feet from the gate. Similarly, if the speed limit is 10 MPH, then D=2*10+10*10/5=40 feet. To maximize the incidence of passing the gate without stopping, the primary antenna 210 may be positioned such that the RFID tag on vehicle may be read 40 feet from the gate.
FIG. 5 shows a logic diagram of a system 500 to implement internal free parking. The system may include: an RFID unit 110; a registration unit 120; and a central database 160 unit 160. The RFID unit 110 may include a control station which may be connected to an RFID reader 250 and a server computer 155. The RFID reader 250 may be connected to two antennae 210, 240 through which the RFID tag 201 of a vehicle 205 is read. The control station 255 may command the RFID reader 250 to send a digital signal to open and close gate 220. The system 500 also may include one or more computers running registration software to enter registration information. In one example, the registration software is a web-based application hosted by the server computer 155 providing an interface for a browser application used to enter the registration information. The registration information may include, for example, vehicle information, owner contact information, and owner parking privileges. The central database 160 may store the data, including the registration information for the parking management system. The central database 160 may be used to manage more than one parking facility. After a user registers, an ID and associated RFID tag is issued to the user in person or by mail for placement in a vehicle to use in one, several, and/or all of the parking facilities managed by the system 500. According to this implementation 500, user may park without collecting any payments.
FIG. 6 shows a workflow diagram 600 for use in the internal free parking system 500 of FIG. 5. A driver registers a vehicle to use a parking facility either remotely 601 (e.g., online) or in person at a parking administrative office 605. During registration, vehicle and/or user information is stored in the central database 160, and an RFID tag is assigned to the vehicle. Thereafter, all information associated with the vehicle, for example, registration information and real time transactions associated with the vehicle stored in the database 160 are identified using the RFID tag ID. Users registered online receive a parking permit with an embedded RFID tag by mail. Whereas uses who register in person receive the permit with embedded RFID onsite 611. The permit may be placed, for example, under the windshield of a vehicle.
When the vehicle approaches the gate of the parking facility 620, the first antenna attempts to read the RFID tag without the vehicle having to stop 625. If the first antenna fails to read the RFID tag 630, the vehicle may slow down or stop 631 before the gate allowing the second antenna to read the RFID tag 635. Once the RFID tag is read 640, the control station sends the ID associated with the RFID tag to the server. The server retrieves the vehicle specific information associated with the ID, as well as any generic information, such as parking policy and/or restrictions from the central database 650. The retrieved information is processed by the server computer which determines whether to deny or grant access. The determination is sent to the control station. Alternatively, the information may be sent to the control station for a determination of whether to grant or deny access. If the tag ID is associated with a valid registered vehicle with proper parking privilege, the control station commands the gate to open 655. Otherwise, the gate remains closed and access is denied. The gate is closed after the vehicle passes the vehicle sensor located behind the gate.
FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a system 700 providing internal paid parking. The system 700 includes: an RFID unit 110; a registration unit 120; a payment unit 130; and a central database 160. The RFID unit 110, the registration unit 120, and the central database 160 may be implemented as described above. The payment unit 130 may be used to manage payment of fees for an account associated with the ID of an RFID tag and corresponding vehicle registered in the central database 160. Money may be deposited in this account via, for example, the Internet or a payment station (e.g., a kiosk) at the parking facility. The account is updated with the real time parking gate transactions for each use of the parking facility. Whenever a registered vehicle uses the parking facility, a fee may be automatically deducted from the associated account. Fees may be charged in any number of different ways, such as per use or per time period, such as, for example, an hour (or fraction thereof), a day, a month, or a year, or other time period.
FIG. 8 shows workflow diagram 800 for internal paid parking for use with the system of FIG. 7. To use the parking facility, a driver registers a vehicle either online 801 or in person at the facility 805. The vehicle and driver information is gathered during the registration and stored in the central database. An RFID tag parking permit is assigned for the vehicle once the information has been obtained. The user pays for the RFID parking permit or privilege associated with the RFID tag using the payment unit 130 remotely 807 or in person 810. Once the RFID tag has been assigned, all information, such as, registration information, payment information, and real time transactions from use of the facility is stored in the database 160 in reference to the ID associated with the RFID tag. If the user registers online, a parking permit with an RFID tag embedded therein is mailed to the user 812. If the user registers in person, the user receives the permit from the onsite administration personnel 814. Alternatively, the permit may be distributed by a kiosk or other payment unit onsite upon entry of the information and receipt of payment. The permit may be placed on the vehicle, for example, under the windshield of the vehicle. When the vehicle approaches the entrance of the parking facility 820, the first antenna attempts to read the RFID tag without the vehicle having to stop 825. If the first antenna is unable to read the RFID tag 830, the vehicle may slow or stop before the gate 835 to allow the second antenna to read the RFID tag on the vehicle 840.
Once the RFID tag is read by the first or second antennae, an associated ID is determined by the control station from the information/data stored in the RFID tag. The control station sends the determined ID to the server computer. The server computer retrieves the vehicle specific information, such as vehicle and payment information, as well as generic information, such as parking policy and restrictions, from the central database. The retrieved information is processed by the server computer. The server computer determines if the ID is associated with a registered vehicle in the central database and that an account associated with the ID has a proper status (e.g., the account has a sufficient balance for a per usage fee or the permit is paid up and/or within a billing period). In addition, the server computer also may determine whether the permit and/or account have an associated privilege to use the parking facility 850. If it determined access to the parking facility should be granted, the server instructs the control station to open the gate via the gate controller 860, otherwise access is denied. After the vehicle passes the vehicle sensor behind the gate, a signal is sent to the control station to close the gate.
FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of the components of a system 900 for public parking by first time patrons. The system 900 includes: an RFID unit 110; a registration unit 120; a payment unit 130; a central database 160; and a driver information unit 140. The RFID unit 110; the registration unit; the payment unit 130; and the central database 160 may be implemented as described above The driver information unit 140 may access and present real time parking availability based on data stored in the central database 160 that is updated in real time by the RFID unit 110. The driver information unit 140 may include a software application hosted by the server computer 155, and a user interface on the client side to present parking space availability to a user. The user interface may be implemented at the facility. In addition, the user interface may be provided on another platform, such as a mobile device or computer. The mobile device, for example, could be a cell phone, a PDA, or an in-vehicle navigational device. In one example, the user interface may include a display. The display may be implemented outside of the parking facility as a large LED display or by a browser or mini-browser on a computer or mobile device. According to this embodiment, the central database 160 stores information for all valid tags that are to be used at the parking facility. Before arriving at the facility, a user may check the availability of parking at the facility using a remote connection (e.g., via the Internet or a cell phone). In one example, the user may create a profile using the user interface (e.g., using a web browser displaying a webpage via the Internet) and have the parking availability information delivered by any of a number of different media, such as cell phone or email at specified time for one or more specified, desired facilities.
FIG. 10 shows a workflow diagram 1000 for public parking by first time patrons for use with the system 900 of FIG. 9. The user may drive to the parking facility 1001 and view a display outside the facility for real time parking availability information for the facility 1010. If there are available spaces, the user takes an RFID embedded parking ticket from the RFID tag ticket dispenser at the entrance of the parking facility 1020. The user places the RFID tag ticket in the vehicle, for example, on the dashboard of the vehicle and proceeds toward the gate 1021.
The primary antenna 210 attempts to read the ID from the RFID tag in the vehicle 1025. If the primary antenna 210 fails to read the RFID tag 1027, the vehicle may slow and/or stop before the gate 1029 to allow the secondary antenna to read the RFID tag 1030. The data read from the RFID tag is supplied to RFID reader to determine the ID associated with the RFID tag. The determined ID is supplied to the control station which sends the ID to the server computer to check whether the ID is stored in the central database and valid. If the server determines the ID is valid 1035, the server instructs the control station to command to gate controller to open the gate 1037. An account associated with the ID associated with RFID tag also may be created in the central database.
The driver may proceed to find a space and park the vehicle 1040. Once parked, the user makes a payment to the account associated with the ID using a pay station at the parking facility before leaving the parking facility 1050. In another example, the user may pay using a remote connection, such as a browser connected to the user interface supplied with a website or through use of a phone line. Once paid, the user may drive the vehicle to the exit 1055. As the vehicle approaches the exit, a primary antenna attempts to read the ID associated with the RFID in his vehicle. If the primary antenna is unable to read the RFID tag, the vehicle may slow and/or stop before the exit gate to allow the secondary antenna to read the RFID tag. Once the ID is determined, the reader supplies the determined ID to the control station. The control station sends the ID to the server computer to access the payment system. The payment system may automatically deduct the fee associated with parking at the facility from the account associated with the ID. If the account has sufficient funds, the server instructs the control station to command the gate controller to open the gate and let the vehicle exit without stopping. The driver may use the same tag upon visiting the facility in the future (without having to receive a newly dispensed RFID tag). If it is determined that the account has insufficient funds, the driver may be asked to return the tag for reuse and the gate is then opened 1060.
FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of the components of a system 1100 for public parking by returning patrons. The system 1100 includes: an RFID unit 110; a registration unit 120; a payment unit 130; a central database 160; a driver information unit 140; and a reservation unit 150. The RFID unit 110; the registration unit 120; the payment unit 130; the central database 160, and the driver information unit 140 may be implemented as described above. The reservation unit 150 may be connected to or accessed by the driver information unit 140 to allow the driver to check parking availability before reservation, connect to the payment unit 130 to pay, and connect to the central database 160 to update parking availability. A software application of the reservation unit 150 may be hosted on a server computer 155. The reservation unit 150 may include a client side application to present a user interface to the driver. The user interface may be implemented on one or more computers allowing a driver to reserve parking spaces. The driver also may reserve a parking space via a mobile communications device, such as a PDA, a cell phone, a navigational device, or a laptop or microcomputer. In addition, data entry device, such as a keypad, is located at each gate of the facility and connected to the control station via a communications path, such as a serial port. The data entry device may be used by a driver to enter a reservation number.
FIG. 12 shows a workflow diagram 1200 for public parking by returning patrons for use with the system of FIG. 11. Since the driver in this embodiment is returning to the facility and already has an RFID tag associated with an account, the vehicle does not need to be registered. The central database stores the information for all valid RFID tags that have been issued by the parking facility. Before or during a trip to the facility, the driver may check parking availability via the user interface, such as a web browser connected to the server via the Internet 1201 or a cell phone 1204 connected to an automated call receiving system connected to the server to make a reservation if the facility has sufficient space. If there is space, the driver may reserve a space using a valid ID associated with an RFID tag 1210, 1214. Payment for the reservation may be charged to the account associated with the issued RFID tag stored in the central database 1220, 1225.
In one embodiment, the reservation unit 150 may implement a bidding or a reverse auction application. In this example, a driver bids for an available parking space or the driver submits a price they are willing to pay for a parking space. If the auction is won or the price is accepted, the driver is awarded a space. Additionally, a reserve price may be used to set a minimum price for the parking space. A set price, or a buy-now price, may be implemented to allow a user to purchase an available space at the specified price without bidding.
Once the space has been reserved, the driver proceeds to the entrance of the parking facility where the primary antenna attempts to read the ID associated with the RFID tag of the vehicle 1231. If the primary antenna fails to read the RFID tag, the vehicle may slow and/or stop before the gate 1237 to allow the secondary antenna to read the RFID tag 1240. Once the RFID tag is read the RFID reader determines the ID associated with the RFID tag and supplies the ID to the control station. The control station sends the ID to the server computer to determine if the ID is valid and stored in the central database 1250. If the ID is determined to be valid, the server instructs the control station to command the gate controller to open the gate 1251.
In another example, if a driver does not have an RFID tag, the driver may still reserve a parking space. In this case the driver must create an account using a user interface connected to the server. The server takes the driver information and creates the account. The driver then must make a successful payment transaction for the reservation using the user interface via bidding or paying the set price, as described above. If successful, the user is issued a reservation number that may be associated with the account storing the reservation and payment information. As returning patrons with a tag, the user is guaranteed a parking space with this reservation number. As the user approaches the gate of the parking facility, the user enters the reservation number via a data entry device, such as a keypad provided at the entrance of the facility. The reservation number is supplied to the control station to retrieve the reserved parking space information and payment information stored in the account of the central database. The driver is then issued a ticket with an embedded RFID tag from a ticket dispenser. The driver places the RFID tag in the vehicle and proceeds to the entrance to allow the primary or secondary antenna 240 to read the RFID tag and open the gate as described above. The driver parks the vehicle in the reserved parking space 1257.
When leaving the facility, as the vehicle approaches the exit 1260, a primary antenna attempts to read the ID associated with the RFID in his vehicle. If the primary antenna is unable to read the RFID tag, the vehicle may slow and/or stop before the exit gate to allow the secondary antenna to read the RFID tag. Once the ID is determined, the reader supplies the determined ID to the control station. The control station sends the ID to the server computer to access the payment system. The payment system may automatically deduct the fee associated with parking at the facility from the account associated with the ID. If the account has sufficient funds, the server instructs the control station to command the gate controller to open the gate and let the vehicle exit without stopping 1265. The driver may use the same tag upon visiting any of the facilities managed by the system in the future (without having to receive a newly dispensed RFID tag). If it is determined that the account has insufficient funds, the driver may be asked to return the tag for reuse and the gate is then opened.
A number of exemplary implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made. For example, suitable results may be achieved if the steps of described techniques are performed in a different order and/or if components in a described system, architecture, device, or circuit are combined in a different manner and/or replaced or supplemented by other components. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
1. A radio frequency identification (RFID) based parking system to control at least one gate configured to allow a patron in a vehicle to enter or exit a parking facility without stopping, the system comprising:
a first antenna configured to read a passive RFID tag in a first area within a lane associated with an entrance or an exit of the parking facility, wherein the first antenna and the corresponding first area are positioned to minimize false readings of RFID tags of other vehicles entering or exiting the parking facility and to allow the vehicle to enter or exit the parking facility without stopping;
a second antenna configured to read the passive RFID tag in a second area, separate from the first area, contained within the lane associated with the entrance or exit, wherein the second antenna and the corresponding second area are positioned to read the passive RFID tag when the first antenna fails to read the RFID tag to allow the vehicle to enter or exit the parking facility;
a first detector to detect the vehicle entering the first area;
a second detector to detect the vehicle entering the first area;
a passive RFID reader connected to the first and second antennae configured to sequentially activate the first antenna when the vehicle enters the first area and deactivate the first antenna and activate the second antenna when the vehicle enters the second area to read an identification (ID) associated with the passive RFID tag when the passive RFID tag passes through one of the first and second areas to allow the vehicle to enter or exit the parking facility without stopping;
a processing device configured to determine that the read ID is valid and may access the facility and configured to control the gate to open;
wherein D, a distance in feet along a horizontal axis from the gate to an edge of the first area farthest from the gate, is selected to allow the vehicle to enter or exit the parking facility without stopping and is determined as the sum of D1 the distance in feet along the horizontal axis from the gate to the second detector and D2 the distance in feet along the same horizontal axis from the second detector to the first detector and D is expressed as:
D=D1+D2=2×MPH+(MPH)2/5 where MPH is the speed limit in miles per hour in the lane at the gate.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the first detector is positioned in the lane approximately at an edge of the first area farthest from the gate, and the second detector is positioned in the lane at an edge of the first area close to the gate.
3. The system of claim 2 further comprising:
a third detector, to detect the vehicle, positioned in the lane after the gate wherein the RFID reader deactivates the second antenna and closes the gate when the vehicle is detected by the third detector.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first antenna is disposed above the lane and the first area extends generally from the first detector to the second detector.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first antenna is linearly polarized and the second antenna is circularly polarized.
a registration unit to obtain information about a user of the parking facility for storage in a database corresponding to the ID associated with the RFID tag.
a payment unit to receive payment with regard to an account associated with a specific RFID tag ID.
a driver information unit to provide real time parking availability information for the parking facility.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the driver information unit may include a remote interface to present the real time parking space availability information and other parking facility information.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the remote interface sends the real time parking availability information to a remote processing device at specified times.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the parking information is a text message including the real time parking availability information.
12. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a reservation unit to reserve a parking space remotely before arriving at the facility.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the reservation unit provides a user interface to allow a user to check parking availability at the facility, to make payment, and to reserve a parking space.
14. The system of claim 12 wherein the reservation unit provides an online auction to receive bids for an available parking space and award the parking space to the highest bidder.
15. The system of claim 1 further comprising a database in communication with the processing device to store information of a user associated with the RFID tag including real time transaction data.
16. A radio frequency identification (RFID) based parking system to control at least one gate configured to allow a patron in a vehicle to enter or exit a parking facility without stopping the system comprising:
a first antenna configured to read an RFID tag in a first area within a lane associated with an entrance or an exit of the parking facility;
a second antenna configured to read the RFID tag in a second area, separate from the first area, contained within the lane associated with the entrance or exit;
an RFID reader connected to the first and second antennae configured to read an identification (ID) associated with the RFID tag when the RFID tag passes through one of the first and second areas;
a first detector to detect the vehicle entering the first area, and
a second detector to detect the vehicle entering the second area, wherein the RFID reader activates the first antenna to read the RFID tag in the first area when the vehicle is detected by the first detector; deactivates the first antenna and activates the second antenna to read the RFID tag in the second area when the vehicle is detected by the second detector, and
wherein D a distance in feet along a horizontal axis from the gate to an edge of the first area farthest from the gate the sum of D1 the distance in feet along a horizontal axis from the gate to the second detector and D2 the distance in feet along the same horizontal axis from the second detector to the first detector and D is expressed as:
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2019-02-25 FEPP Fee payment procedure
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY


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Moor Lane Halls is situated in the heart of Preston's lively City Centre. It's location opposite the University of Central Lancashire Campus makes it ideal for students.
The property has 498 en-suites, deluxe and standard bedrooms in flats of 2 to 9 bedrooms.
Moor Lane Halls offers a 24/7 staff presence, CCTV surveillance, 24 hour maintenance support and free contents insurance. This combined with all inclusive utility bills ensures complete peace of mind.
Moor Lane Halls is designed for students and is the ideal choice if you need accommodation where you can make friends and explore a new city.