text:
C-7.01 - Act respecting the Centre d'acquisitions gouvernementales
Table of contents Occurrences0
Updated to 1 September 2020
chapter C-7.01
Act respecting the Centre d'acquisitions gouvernementales
CENTRE D'ACQUISITIONS GOUVERNEMENTALES02February 21 202006June 011 2020
THE PARLIAMENT OF QUÉBEC ENACTS AS FOLLOWS:
2020, c. 2, s. 12020, c. 2, s. 1.
1. The Centre d'acquisitions gouvernementales is established.
The Centre is a legal person and a mandatary of the State.
The Centre may choose, following the approval of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, to refer to itself by another name or by an acronym by sending a copy of a decision to that effect to the enterprise registrar; at the same time, it posts the decision on its website.
2020, c. 22020, c. 2, s. 1.
2. The Centre's property forms part of the domain of the State, but the performance of its obligations may be levied against its property.
The Centre binds none but itself when it acts in its own name.
3. The Centre's head office is in the national capital at the place it determines.
The Centre publishes a notice of the location and of any change in location of its head office in the Gazette officielle du Québec and, at the same time, posts it on its website.
MISSION AND RESPONSIBILITIES
4. The Centre's mission is to provide to public bodies the goods and services they require in the exercise of their functions, with a view to optimizing government procurement in compliance with the applicable contract rules.
For the purposes of this Act, public bodies are
(1) bodies within the meaning of section 4 of the Act respecting contracting by public bodies (chapter C-65.1), except those determined by the Government; and
(2) any other entity designated by the Government.
5. The Centre must, more specifically,
(1) acquire goods and services on behalf of public bodies, by making groups or carrying out mandates; in this Act, such acquisition is called "government procurement" ;
(2) manage such procurement, taking into account the instructions issued to it by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor regarding government procurement;
(3) establish and update, in collaboration with the public bodies it serves and taking into account the instructions it receives from the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, the planning of the government goods and services procurement entrusted to it;
(4) enlist the participation of the public bodies and other partners with the knowledge and skills required to carry out government procurement projects;
(5) produce management information on the terms and conditions determined by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, including with regard to the use of resources allocated for government procurement under its responsibility; and
(6) carry out any other related mandate the Government or the Chair of the Conseil du trésor entrusts to it.
The Minister of Health and Social Services and the minister responsible for education and higher education may also exercise, with regard to the bodies under their respective responsibility, the power provided for in subparagraph 5 of the first paragraph.
The Chair of the Conseil du trésor publishes on the Conseil du trésor's website, within a reasonable time, the instructions referred to in subparagraphs 2 and 3 of the first paragraph.
6. A public body must, for the purpose of ensuring that a government procurement project meets its needs, determine those needs and communicate them to the Centre.
The Centre must consult the public bodies covered by such a project when meeting specific needs other than those concerning a commodity. In addition, the Centre may consult any person or entity whose expertise it considers necessary, including an outside expert.
The consultation pertains to any purpose or stage of the project, in particular to the preparation of tender documents or to the testing of the good under conditions of use.
To that end, the Centre establishes an advisory committee composed of user members from a network or networks concerned and identified by the Centre. A user member is a person who uses a good or service covered by the government procurement project.
For the purposes of this section, "commodity" means a good or service identified as such in an order made in accordance with section 9.
7. The Centre gives its opinion on any matter within its jurisdiction submitted to it by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor or the Government, and attaches to it any recommendations the Centre considers appropriate.
8. The Centre must establish a plan for government procurement under its responsibility that takes into account the needs of public bodies.
The government procurement plan must be sent to the Conseil du trésor.
The Chair of the Conseil du trésor determines the information the plan must include, the period it covers, the time limit for sending it to the Conseil du trésor, its form, and the schedule for any revisions of it.
9. Subject to any incompatible provision, public bodies must exclusively use the Centre to obtain a good or service determined by order of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, the Minister of Health and Social Services or the minister responsible for education and higher education; in the case of the latter two ministers, such an order applies solely to bodies under their respective responsibility.
The order may set out categories of goods or services. It may concern one or more public bodies. It may indicate the cases and circumstances related to the obligation to use the Centre's services.
In case of incompatibility between an order made by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor and an order made by the Minister of Health and Social Services or the minister responsible for education and higher education concerning the same object, the order made by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor prevails.
10. The Centre must inform the Chair of the Conseil du trésor if a public body refuses or fails to use the Centre to obtain a good or service covered by an order made in accordance with section 9. It must also inform the minister responsible for such a body.
Where a minister responsible is so informed, the minister must inform the chief executive officer of the body in writing and may request that measures to rectify the situation be, within the time the minister specifies, prepared and submitted for the minister's approval, with or without amendment. Where such measures are not complied with or implemented in a diligent manner, the minister may require the body to take corrective measures, conduct the appropriate follow-up and comply with any other penalty determined by the minister, including oversight and support measures. In such cases, all or part of the amount intended for such a body may be withheld or cancelled by the minister responsible.
11. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor may determine joint procurement targets applicable to a public body, in particular to promote its voluntary participation in such procurement.
12. The Centre has all the powers necessary to enter into a contract for a public body and at the latter's expense.
13. The Centre assumes the management operations arising from any litigation for or against the Centre or a public body concerning procurement of a good or service by the Centre for that public body.
14. When a public body uses the Centre to obtain a good or service, the Centre is exonerated of all liability for any injury that may result from its intervention, unless such injury is due to an intentional or gross fault on the part of the Centre.
The first paragraph does not apply with respect to the Centre's intervention in the context of a tendering process for a public contract.
15. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor may, if he or she considers it necessary, issue directives to the Centre regarding government procurement. The Chair may do likewise in the case of public bodies regarding the same subject.
The Minister of Health and Social Services and the minister responsible for education and higher education may, in the same manner, issue directives regarding the same subject to public bodies under their responsibility.
Such directives are binding on the Centre and the public bodies concerned.
In case of incompatibility between a directive issued by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor and a directive issued by the Minister of Health and Social Services or the minister responsible for education and higher education concerning the same object, the directive issued by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor prevails.
16. The Conseil du trésor may authorize a public body to obtain a good or service on conditions that differ from those set out in this Act and determine the conditions applicable in such a case.
The authorization provided for in the first paragraph is not required
(1) if such a body obtains a good or service at a cost that does not involve using public funds; or
(2) if such a body enters into a contract by mutual agreement because there is an emergency that threatens human safety or property, in accordance with subparagraph 1 of the first paragraph of section 13 of the Act respecting contracting by public bodies (chapter C-65.1), and because it is therefore able to provide reasons based on events that could not be anticipated. The chief executive officer of the body must, however, so inform the Chair of the Conseil du trésor and include a summary description of the circumstances or reasons considered.
17. Subject to any incompatible provision, the Centre may provide disposal services for property no longer needed by public bodies.
18. The Centre may provide goods and services to any other person or entity.
The application of the first paragraph may not reduce or otherwise restrict delivery of the services the Centre must provide to public bodies, which must always be given priority.
19. The Centre's affairs are administered by a president and chief executive officer appointed by the Government from among the persons who have been declared qualified to hold that office by the selection committee composed of the Secretary of the Conseil du trésor, the Deputy Minister of the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux and the Deputy Minister of the Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur or their representative.
The Chair of the Conseil du trésor publishes a notice inviting interested persons to apply, in accordance with the procedure the Chair determines.
The selection committee promptly evaluates the candidates on the basis of their knowledge, particularly regarding procurement, their experience and their qualifications. The committee presents to the Chair of the Conseil du trésor a report in which it lists the candidates it has met whom it considers qualified to hold the office of president and chief executive officer. All information and documents regarding the candidates and the proceedings of the committee are confidential.
The committee members are entitled to reimbursement of their expenses to the extent determined by the Government.
The Government determines the president and chief executive officer's remuneration, employee benefits and other conditions of employment.
The president and chief executive officer is appointed for a term of up to five years. At the end of the term, the president and chief executive officer remains in office until replaced or reappointed.
20. The president and chief executive officer is responsible for the administration and direction of the Centre. The office of president and chief executive officer is a full-time position.
21. The Government may, on the recommendation of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, appoint the number of vice-presidents it determines to assist the president and chief executive officer. The Government determines their remuneration, employee benefits and other conditions of employment.
The office of vice-president is a full-time position. Each vice-president is appointed for a term of up to four years and remains in office until replaced or reappointed.
22. The president and chief executive officer designates a vice-president to replace him or her when he or she is absent or unable to act.
23. The Centre may make by-laws for its internal management.
24. The Centre's documents, if certified true by the president and chief executive officer, a vice-president, the secretary or any other person authorized by the Centre for that purpose, are authentic. The same applies to copies emanating from the Centre or forming part of its records if they have been so certified.
25. No document is binding on the Centre or may be attributed to it unless it is signed by the president and chief executive officer, a vice-president, the secretary or, to the extent determined in the Centre's by-laws, a member of the Centre's personnel.
The rules governing the delegation of signing authority may provide for subdelegation and how it is to be exercised.
26. The Centre may, subject to the conditions and on the documents it determines by by-law, allow a required signature to be affixed by any information technology-based process.
27. A governance committee is established within the Centre. The committee is composed of the following members:
(1) the Secretary of the Conseil du trésor;
(2) the Deputy Minister of the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux;
(3) the Deputy Minister of the Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur; and
(4) two independent members appointed by the Government. At the expiry of their term, those members remain in office until replaced or reappointed.
A member is independent if, in the opinion of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, the member qualifies as an independent director within the meaning of section 4 of the Act respecting the governance of state-owned enterprises (chapter G-1.02). Sections 5 to 8 and 25 of that Act apply, with the necessary modifications.
The Secretary of the Conseil du trésor is the chair of the committee.
The members of the governance committee receive no remuneration. They are, however, entitled to reimbursement of the expenses incurred in the exercise of their functions, on the conditions and to the extent determined by the Government.
28. The functions of the governance committee include
(1) ensuring that the Centre carries out the government procurement projects in compliance with ministerial or government policy directions and in keeping with the principle of transparency;
(2) seeing to it that the consultation processes provided for in this Act are put in place;
(3) seeing to it that measures are put in place to create an environment conducive to mobilizing and retaining human resources, including measures for the development and optimal management of in-house expertise;
(4) ensuring that the Centre maintains effective governance, taking into account best practices and innovative approaches with respect to governance;
(5) seeing to it that the Centre adopts a code of ethics, subject to the provisions of a regulation made under sections 3.0.1 and 3.0.2 of the Act respecting the Ministère du Conseil exécutif (chapter M-30) and to the provisions of the Public Service Act (chapter F-3.1.1);
(6) examining any activity that could be detrimental to good governance of the Centre;
(7) giving the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, at the latter's request, its opinion on any subject or making recommendations to the Chair; and
(8) carrying out any other mandate the Chair of the Conseil du trésor entrusts to it.
29. The governance committee meets at least once every three months and more often if necessary, at the request of its chair or a majority of the members.
The committee may hold its meetings anywhere in Québec.
30. An audit committee is established within the Centre. The committee is composed of three independent members appointed by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, after consultation with the Minister of Health and Social Services and the minister responsible for education and higher education. On the expiry of their term, such members remain in office until replaced or reappointed.
The members of the audit committee must, as a group, have the appropriate expertise and experience, in particular expertise in accounting and law.
A member is independent if, in the opinion of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, the member qualifies as an independent director within the meaning of section 4 of the Act respecting the governance of state-owned enterprises (chapter G-1.02).
The members of the audit committee receive no remuneration. They are, however, entitled to reimbursement of the expenses incurred in the exercise of their functions, on the conditions and to the extent determined by the Government.
Sections 5 to 8 and 25 of the Act respecting the governance of state-owned enterprises apply, with the necessary modifications.
31. The functions of the audit committee include
(1) seeing to it that the processes for consulting the stakeholders are implemented efficiently and properly;
(2) ensuring that a plan for the optimal use of the Centre's resources is put in place, and following up on that plan;
(3) seeing to it that internal control mechanisms regarding operations and management practices are put in place and ensuring they are appropriate and effective;
(4) ensuring that a risk management process is put in place;
(5) reviewing any activity that could be detrimental to the Centre's financial health;
(6) seeing to it that the Centre applies its code of ethics;
(7) ensuring that the Centre's decisions or, more generally, its activities comply with the applicable laws, policies and directives; and
(8) ensuring that the report referred to in section 42 and, if applicable, the report referred to in section 44 on financial matters contain the information required by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor.
32. The audit committee meets at least twice a year and more often if necessary.
33. The governance committee and the audit committee may, in the exercise of their functions, require that any document or information used by the Centre be communicated to them.
The officers, employees and mandataries of the Centre must, on request, communicate those documents or that information to, and facilitate their examination by, the committees.
34. The governance committee is under the authority of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor and the audit committee is under the authority of the governance committee.
The committees must inform their respective authorities and the Chair of the Conseil du trésor in writing on discovering non-compliant operations or practices.
35. The members of the Centre's personnel are appointed in accordance with the Public Service Act (chapter F-3.1.1).
FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
36. The Centre determines by regulation the tariff of fees as well as the other forms of remuneration payable for the services it provides. The tariff and other forms of remuneration may vary according to the goods or services provided or the clientele served.
The above forms of remuneration require the approval of the Conseil du trésor.
37. The Government may, on the conditions and according to the terms it determines,
(1) guarantee payment of the principal of and interest on any loan contracted by the Centre and the performance of any of its obligations; and
(2) authorize the Minister of Finance to advance to the Centre any amount considered necessary to meet its obligations or pursue its mission.
The sums required for the purposes of this section are taken out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
38. The Centre may not, without the Government's authorization,
(1) contract a loan that causes the total of its outstanding loans to exceed the amount determined by the Government;
(2) make a financial commitment in excess of the limits or in contravention of the terms determined by the Government;
(3) acquire or transfer assets in excess of the limits or in contravention of the terms determined by the Government; or
(4) accept a gift or legacy to which a charge or condition is attached.
39. The sums received by the Centre must be allocated to the payment of its obligations. The Centre retains any surpluses, unless the Government decides otherwise.
ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS
40. The Centre's fiscal year ends on 31 March.
41. Each year, the Centre submits its budgetary estimates for the following fiscal year to the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, in accordance with the form, content and schedule determined by the latter.
The estimates require the approval of the Government.
42. Not later than 30 September each year, the Centre must file its financial statements and a report on its activities for the preceding fiscal year with the Chair of the Conseil du trésor. The Centre must send a copy of these documents to the Minister of Health and Social Services and to the minister responsible for education and higher education.
The financial statements and report must include all the information required by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, after consultation with the Minister of Health and Social Services and the minister responsible for education and higher education.
The Chair of the Conseil du trésor tables the Centre's financial statements in the National Assembly within 30 days of receiving them or, if the Assembly is not sitting, within 15 days of resumption.
43. The Auditor General audits the Centre's books and accounts each year and whenever so ordered by the Government.
The Auditor General's report must be submitted with the Centre's financial statements and activity report.
44. The Centre sends the Chair of the Conseil du trésor any information or any other report required by the Chair concerning the Centre's activities.
45. Chapter II of the Public Administration Act (chapter A-6.01) applies to the Centre as if it were a body designated under the second paragraph of section 5 of that Act.
46. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor may, if he or she considers it advisable, conduct an audit to verify whether the Centre is complying with the provisions of this Act. The audit may verify, among other things, whether a public body's actions are in compliance with this Act and with the directives issued under it to which such a body is subject.
The Chair of the Conseil du trésor may designate a person in writing to conduct the audit.
47. The Centre or the public body being audited under this chapter must, at the request of the Chair of the Conseil du trésor or the person designated to conduct the audit, send or otherwise make available to the Chair or the designated person all documents and information the Chair or designated person considers necessary to conduct the audit.
48. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor presents any recommendations he or she considers appropriate to the Conseil du trésor. The Chair may then require the Centre or the public body concerned to take corrective measures, conduct any appropriate follow-up and comply with any other measure determined by the Conseil du trésor, including oversight or support measures.
TRANSITIONAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
49. The Centre replaces the Centre de services partagés du Québec with respect to the functions entrusted to it by this Act; it acquires the latter's rights and assumes its obligations.
The assets and liabilities of the Centre de services partagés du Québec with respect to the functions entrusted to the Centre by this Act are identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor and transferred to the Centre according to the value and on the conditions determined by the Government.
50. The Centre replaces the following joint procurement groups recognized by the Minister of Health and Social Services in accordance with section 435.2 of the Act respecting health services and social services (chapter S-4.2):
(1) Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, constituted by letters patent of amalgamation deposited in the enterprise register on 3 April 2012 under business number 1168143635; and
(2) Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec, constituted by letters patent of amalgamation deposited in the enterprise register on 30 June 2014 under business number 1170179726.
The Centre acquires the rights and assumes the obligations of the above groups.
51. The Centre succeeds to the rights and obligations of the joint procurement group SigmaSanté, recognized by the Minister of Health and Social Services in accordance with section 435.2 of the Act respecting health services and social services (chapter S-4.2) and constituted by letters patent deposited in the enterprise register on 26 May 1994 under business number 1140477762, for the continuance of its goods and services procurement contracts identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor. The Centre also acquires the assets and liabilities of SigmaSanté that are related to goods and services procurement and identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor; the Government determines the value and conditions relating to the transfer.
52. The joint procurement groups referred to in section 50 are dissolved. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor sends a notice to that effect to the enterprise registrar, who deposits it in the register referred to in Chapter II of the Act respecting the legal publicity of enterprises (chapter P-44.1). Any remaining assets devolve to the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, except those identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor.
53. The Centre succeeds to the rights and obligations of Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, constituted by letters patent deposited in the enterprise register on 13 June 1997 under business number 1146879888, for the continuance of its goods and services procurement contracts identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor.
54. Employees of the Centre de services partagés du Québec who are assigned to functions related to those entrusted to the Centre by this Act and are identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor not later than 31 August 2020 become without further formality employees of the Centre.
2020, c. 22020, c. 2, s. 1; I.N. 2020-06-14.
55. Employees of Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec and of Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec become without further formality employees of the Centre.
The same applies to employees of Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, employees seconded to Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, provided their home organization is an education network body, and employees of SigmaSanté who are assigned to functions related to those entrusted to the Centre by this Act and are identified by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor not later than 31 August 2020.
The above employees are deemed to have been appointed in accordance with the Public Service Act (chapter F-3.1.1). In the case of employees hired for a limited period of time, such a presumption applies only for the unexpired portion of their contract.
The Conseil du trésor determines their remuneration, classification and any other condition of employment applicable to them.
For the purposes of this section, an education network body is a school board, a general and vocational college, the Fédération des cégeps, the Fédération des commissions scolaires du Québec or any other entity designated by the Chair of the Conseil du trésor.
DOCUMENTS AND MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES
56. Records, archives and other documents of the Centre de services partagés du Québec, Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec and SigmaSanté that are related to the functions entrusted to the Centre by this Act become the latter's records, archives and documents.
57. The Centre becomes, without continuance of suit, a party to all proceedings to which the Centre de services partagés du Québec, Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec or SigmaSanté was a party, with respect to the functions entrusted to the Centre by this Act.
58. Until 21 February 2021 or, if it is earlier, the date of coming into force of an order made in accordance with section 9 that provides otherwise, the Centre provides, without interruption, the goods and services that, on 31 August 2020, were provided by the Centre de services partagés du Québec, Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec or SigmaSanté, as applicable, but only if the goods and services to be obtained are related to the functions entrusted to the Centre by this Act.
59. Tariffs and other forms of remuneration applicable to public bodies for goods and services provided by the Centre de services partagés du Québec and in force on 31 August 2020, continue to apply regarding the Centre until the date of coming into force of the first regulation made by the Centre in accordance with section 36.
The same applies, with the necessary modifications, to the tariffs and other forms of remuneration of Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec and SigmaSanté in force on that date for the public bodies concerned.
60. Persons and bodies other than the public bodies that, on 31 August 2020, were served by, as applicable, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec or SigmaSanté regarding goods and services procurement continue to be served in the same manner by the Centre until 21 February 2021, with no obligation on the part of such persons and bodies to use the Centre's services.
61. Calls for tenders published on 31 August 2020 in the electronic tendering system approved by the Government for the purposes of the Act respecting contracting by public bodies (chapter C-65.1), under the responsibility of the Centre de services partagés du Québec, Collecto Services regroupés en éducation, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec and SigmaSanté, related to the functions entrusted to the Centre by this Act and possibly involving persons or bodies referred to in section 60, are continued under the Centre's responsibility, without interruption.
62. Despite any incompatible provision, an amendment to the constituting act of Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Est du Québec, Groupe d'approvisionnement en commun de l'Ouest du Québec or SigmaSanté after 17 September 2019 is without effect.
Despite the first paragraph, an amendment must be made to the constituting act of SigmaSanté after that date in order to give full effect to the application of this Act.
63. Unless the context indicates otherwise or this Act provides otherwise, in any Act or any other document
(1) a reference to the Centre de services partagés du Québec or to the director general of purchasing referred to in the Act respecting the Service des achats du gouvernement (chapter S-4) is a reference to the Centre d'acquisitions gouvernementales, with respect to the functions entrusted to the latter by this Act; and
(2) a reference to the Act respecting the Centre de services partagés du Québec (chapter C-8.1.1) or any of its provisions is a reference to this Act or the corresponding provision of this Act, with respect to the functions entrusted to the Centre d'acquisitions gouvernementales by this Act.
64. The Secretary of the Conseil du trésor may, until the date preceding the date the Centre's first president and chief executive officer takes office, enter into any contract he or she considers necessary to ensure the establishment of the Centre and promote the smooth conduct of its activities and operations. For those purposes, the Secretary may make any necessary financial commitment in the amount and for the duration he or she considers appropriate.
65. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor must, not later than 1 September 2025 and subsequently every five years, submit a report to the Government on the carrying out of this Act.
The report must include recommendations concerning the Centre's activities and an assessment of the Centre's efficiency and performance, including benchmarking measures.
The report is tabled in the National Assembly within 30 days or, if the National Assembly is not sitting, within 15 days of resumption.
66. The Chair of the Conseil du trésor is responsible for the administration of this Act.


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UK Parliament lets initial £400 million contracts
The UK Parliament has let initial NEC3 contracts worth up to £400 million for renovating its large historic estate on the banks of the Thames in London. The total cost of the restoration and renewal works could be up to £5.7 billion and most likely use NEC form of contracts.
In July 2017, long-term NEC3 Professional Services Contracts (PSC) worth up to £336 million were awarded to BDP and CH2M for advising how to keep the 3.2 ha grade-I-listed Palace of Westminster estate – parts of which are nearly 1000 years old – running safely for the foreseeable future.
BDP's contract, worth up to £21.3 million a year, is for architectural and building design services while CH2M contract is worth up to £8.6 million a year for programme, project and cost management services. The advice is being commissioned and paid for on a task-by-task basis using NEC3 Professional Services Contracts.
The primary tasks will be to establish the condition of all buildings and services across the estate, including asbestos content, security, fire safety, heating, ventilation, water supply, drainage and electrical systems.
BDP and CH2M will then plan and oversee the estate's restoration and renewal which, depending on whether the buildings remain operational or not, could cost from £3.5 to £5.7 billion and take 6 to 32 years to complete.
BIG BEN REPAIRS
As the restoration and renewal programme is unlikely to begin until the early 2020s, more urgently needed repairs to Big Ben have had to start early. An NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) was let to Sir Robert McAlpine in September 2017 for conservation of the 1859 clock tower.
With a total estimated budget of £61 million, the work involves repairing and redecorating the 96 m tall brick-and-stone Elizabeth Tower, dismantling and restoring the Great Clock and its four 7 m diameter faces, renewing building services, improving fire safety and installing a lift. For health and safety reasons the Great Bell will be silenced until completion in 2021.
HS2 AND CCS
UK government entities High Speed Two (HS2) and Crown Commercial Services (CCS) have also let over £10 billion of new works and services under NEC contracts.
Following royal assent for the first phase of the UK's £55.7 billion second high-speed rail project in February 2017, UK government-funded company HS2 Limited signed the main civils contracts on 1 August 2017.
Worth £6.6 billion, all seven contracts were let under an NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract.
HIGHWAYS ENGLANDS LETS NEC4 CONTRACTS
Highways England has also started the bid to select contractors to replace the current Collaborative Delivery Framework. This new framework has an estimated value of £8.7b from 2018 to 2014, and contractors will be engaged under NEC4 contracts.
This article was written by Neccontract, and if you would like to know more about NEC4 contracts then please visit us at the Public Sector Show at stand A25.
Masternaut & Cormac: Working together for one and all
In conversation with Robert Jenrick
In conversation with Max Tse

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Q: Unboundedness property is ccc indestructible? I saw the following claim and I've not been able to prove it. Any suggestion is welcome.
We say $f: [\omega_2]^2\to \omega_1$ is unbounded if for any $\Gamma\in [\omega_2]^{\omega_1}$ we have $f''[\Gamma]^2$ is unbounded in $\omega_1$. The claim is the unboundedness property as above is preserved under ccc forcing. Note that such a function witnesses the failure of Chang's Conjecture. And in fact the existence of such function is equivalent to the failure of Chang's Conjecture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang's_conjecture).
I have some meta-mathematical justification: it shouldn't be a general fact that for any unbounded function we can find a ccc forcing which destroys the unboundedness property since we can always force $MA_{\aleph_2}$ from a model of ZFC but then if the general fact is true then $MA_{\aleph_2}$ implies CC. But we know CC has some large cardinal strength. But this is not good enough: 1) it's not direct 2) it shows there exists one unbounded function whose unboundedness property can't be destroyed by any ccc forcing, instead of any given unbounded function.

A: Here's an attempt at producing a counterexample.
Let $f:[\omega_2]^2 \to \omega_1$ be such that for every $X \in [\omega_2]^{\omega_1}$, $f[[X]^2]$ is unbounded in $\omega_1$. Put $g = f \upharpoonright [\omega_1]^2$.
Define a forcing $P$ whose conditions are $p = (u_p, h_p)$ where $u_p$ is a finite subset of $\omega_1$ and $h_p:[u_p]^2 \to \{0, 1\}$ and for $p, q \in P$, $p \leq q$ iff $u_q \subseteq u_p$ and $h_q = h_p \upharpoonright [u_q]^2$. Clearly, $P$ is $\omega_1$-Knaster so all cardinals are preserved. In $V^P$, define $h: [\omega_1]^2 \to \omega_1$ by
$$
  h(\{\alpha, \beta\}) =
  \begin{cases}
    0 & \text{if $(\exists p \in G_P)(h_p(\{\alpha, \beta\}) = 0)$} \\
    g(\{\alpha, \beta\}) & \text{if $(\exists p \in G_P)(h_p(\{\alpha, \beta\}) = 1)$}
  \end{cases}
$$
Claim 1: In $V^P$, the following hold.
(a) For every finite $A \subseteq \omega_1$, there exists $\max(A) < \alpha < \omega_1$ such that for every $\beta \in A$, $h(\{\alpha, \beta\}) = 0$.
(b) For every $X \in [\omega_2]^{\omega_1}$, $f[[X]^2]$ is unbounded in $\omega_1$.
(c) For every $X \in [\omega_1]^{\omega_1}$, $h[[X]^2]$ is unbounded in $\omega_1$.
Proof of Claim 1: (a) is obvious. For (b) and (c), use the fact that $P$ is $\omega_1$-Knaster.
In $V^P$, define $H = h \cup f \upharpoonright ([\omega_2]^2 \setminus [\omega_1]^2)$. Note that $H$ continues to satisfy: For every $X \in [\omega_2]^{\omega_1}$, $H[[X]^2]$ is unbounded in $\omega_1$.
Claim 2: There is a ccc forcing $Q$ in $V_1 = V^P$ such that $(V_1)^Q \models (\exists X \in [\omega_1]^{\omega_1}) (H \upharpoonright [X]^2 \equiv 0)$.
Proof of Claim 2: Let $Q$ consist of $v \in [\omega_1]^{< \omega}$ such that $H \upharpoonright [v]^2 \equiv 0$, ordered by reverse inclusion. In $(V_1)^Q$, define $X = \bigcup G_Q$. By Claim 1(a), $(V_1)^Q \models |X| = \omega_1$. So it suffices to show that $Q$ is ccc in $V^P$ or equivalently $P \star Q$ is ccc in $V$. Note that the set of condition $(p, v) \in P \star Q$ that satisfy: $v$ is an actual finite subset of $\omega_1$ and $v \subseteq u_p$ is dense in $P \star Q$. Suppose $\langle (p_i = (u_i, h_i), v_i) : i < \omega_1 \rangle$ is a sequence of such conditions. By thinning down, we can assume that $u_i$'s and $v_i$'s form delta-systems with roots $u_{\star}$ and $v_{\star}$ and $h_i \upharpoonright u_{\star} = h_{\star}$. But now, $(p_i, v_i)$'s are pairwise compatible. Hence $P \star Q$ is ccc.


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Home / Archives / Peter Glenville talks about the Burtons
Peter Glenville talks about the Burtons
Posted on May 17 2017
Vogue US, September 1 1967
Photographed by Henry Clarke
"Elizabeth is more interested in Richard's career than her own. Some time ago she said to me in reference to some unfavourable critical comment on the film Cleopatra, "After all, I am just a broad - but Richard is a great actor."
Elizabeth playing gin with Richard
wearing a pink Givenchy caftan
"Richard is ruggedly clannish and is desperately loyal to his family and to Wales. He invited about fifty of his relatives from Wales to the first night of The Taming of the Shew in London and housed the lot at the Dorchester. I well remember one of his most Welsh moments. It was at a dinner party at which the Duke and Duchess of Windsor were the guests of honour. 'We loved you as the Prince of Wales,' said Richard, 'please come back and visit us and see that we love you still.' Towards the end of the evening Richard and the Duke sang the Welsh national anthem together in what struck me as a very inadequate attempt at harmony."
"For a beautiful woman Elizabeth has hardly any vanity. She takes for granted the red carpet treatment but is shy of compliments. Aware of her less favourable physical points, she explains then without false modesty to the director and cameraman. Having pointed them out, she does not give them further thought. She expects the technicians to exercise their expertise as she does hers."
Elizabeth wearing a Graziella Fontana caftan
"Elizabeth is bored with her success but Richard is still impressed by his. Richard is still full of wonder at the magical apparitions that emerge from their mutual Aladdin's lamp, whereas Elizabeth would rather know the market value of the lamp itself. Both enjoys the quick returns of luxury and possessions in bulk but both are generous. Richard relishes the image and idea of the astronomical sums that figure on their contracts but Elizabeth likes to possess the goodies that the actual money can buy. In another age they would have been Robin Hood and Maid Marian. They would gladly pillage people of property but give open-handedly to the dispossesed."
"Richard really likes acting and Elizabeth likes Richard's acting. She is charmingly skeptical about her own talents. She has been a star since the age of sixteen and the glamour of the work has grown thin. Sometimes she is apt to consider a call to the set as something approaching a personal affront - but always with humour. On the set, she is the complete professional - expert and intelligent. She also has a mysterious love affair with the camera so that every detail. every intention in her acting becomes enriched and enlarged when it is projected on the screen."
Maria Burton and Elizabeth
Elizabeth is wearing a pink Graziella Fontana caftan
"They are candid people without artifice or pretension. They would prefer to be ungracious than to put on airs and graces. The dramatists they would be at least likely to interpret easily would be those of Restoration theatre. I they they would be ill at ease in a world of stylish foppery, deviousness, guile, studied wit, and casual promiscuity. I can imagine them in Sheridan and Goldsmith but not in Wycherly or Congreve."
"When Richard is very tired, he can be quickly angered and sometimes unexpectedly aggressive. But this fury is skin-deep. His natural character is kind and courteous. I have seen him apologize with open-hearted sincerity to a small-part actor to whom he thought he had been rude over drinks the night before. If, sometimes, he had a devil in him, it is quickly spanked and put to bed."
"The quickest access to the Burtons hearts is through misfortune. On the film Becket I had an assistant who was visited one day on the set by his wife and child. The boy had been a cripple since birth, and the doctors had pronounced the damage incurable. When Elizabeth, as usual, was on the set watching Richard's performance, she noticed the child moving in the background and asked why the youngster was limping. Quietly and secretly, she made a date with the mother and child in London for the next day. She took them straight to Oxford. One of England's finest surgeons subsequently performed an operation of great delicacy on the boy's leg completely curing him. Elizabeth took care of everything and told no one. I found this out much later from my assistant."
"Neither of the Burtons are narcissistic. They really dislike to see themselves on the screen and the never attend rushes in the projection room. They both mind their own business and don't interfere with the work of the director or of the other actors. However, on the rare occasions when they do express a professional doubt or make a suggestion, it would be very foolish not to listen very carefully to what they have to say. They both have intuition and, of course, great experience."
"Richard and Elizabeth are as prodigal with their energies as they are with their money. They sometimes overtax their considerable health and stamina. They never cosset themselves and largely indulge their very robust appetites for food, drink, late nights, love and argy-bargy. But that, I think, gives their acting its spontaneity and relaxed immediacy. There is nothing miserly or calculating about either their personalities or their performances. Naturally all of this causes occasional moments of exhaustion and consequent impatience with the world and all its inhabitants."
"Richard and Elizabeth are emotional liberals and their net of sympathy is flung wide. They are both respectful of The Establishment and yet they are born rebels - gypsy style. Richard is somewhat nonplussed by the fact that the career of one of his much loved brothers is connected with the upholding of the laws of the land."
"The Burtons are confident enough to have no jealousy of the success of other actors. Indeed they genuinely rejoice in the good performance of their partners and colleagues. I remember after a long and difficult scene that Richard had performed on horseback with Peter O'Toole on a beach in Becket. Richard dismounted and strode up towards me. "Did you ever see such a bloody marvellous acting as that young Master O'Toole came up with? he said as he reached for a beer."
"Both have a wide vocabulary of humour ranging from the coarsely Rabelaisian to the gentlest satire. Richard has a real love of words and literature and will suddenly quote - and beautifully - Manley Hopkins, Rupert Brooke, Herrick, or Donne. He has of course considerably widened Elizabeth's cultural horizon. They genuinely enjoy the same things, the same people, and above all each other. Naturally some people find this very irritating."
"Aware of their social attraction as stars, they are very negligent of ordinary social observances. They would willingly stay up all night for a friend in need but would forget even to telephone an excuse to a hostess. It is difficult for the social set to lionize with them without getting an occasional and nonchalant swipe from the lion's paw."
"Today, when the mention of big star names is apt to bring to mind the pleasures and achievements of the day before yesterday, Elizabeth sails imperviously on - a blazing meteor of 1967. With or without her Oscars, the world public is prepared to pay money to see her. There are few stars of whom this could still be said."
"Richard is probably the actor with the greatest range and the finest sensibility devoting his talents largely to the cinema today."
"The Burtons are so sympathetic to people who have had or claim to have had bad luck that I suspect they occasionally extend their generosity to the undeserving. They are soft-hearted enough to be conned but they are big enough not to care."


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The planning of new inclusive education services is hampered by a lack of reliable data on education and disability in Sierra Leone. We conducted primary and secondary research on barriers to education for children with disabilities in Sierra Leone.
February 14 marked six months since devastating mudslides and flooding in Freetown, Sierra Leone, left 1,000 people dead and a further 3,000 without a home.
Our latest research in Nepal aims to understand the factors affecting the Musahar community - the most marginalized group in Nepal - including their ability to access education and their attitudes towards exclusion and inclusion from education.
2015 Liberia's Ebola Orphans: A crisis for the next generation.
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The Street Child Ebola Orphan Report, the first of its kind to be produced, uncovers the true scale and nature of the Ebola orphan crisis and formed the basis for Street Child's Ebola Orphan Campaign supporting the 12,000 children orphaned by the devastating virus.


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IsisInBlog
« Names on a Memorial: Oklahoma City | Main | Categorical Emotion »
Names on a Memorial: Lutyens at Burning Man
Memorial Day honors those who died serving our country, but we may also visit a grandmother's grave. Throughout the year, there are opportunities to keep her memory alive. One of the most distinctive is Burning Man, a festival for building and experiencing art in the desert, with or without clothing.
Each September, Burners transform a flat empty playa near Gerlach into Black Rock City, Nevada's third largest urban environment. After a week it disappears with the mantra, "Leave No Trace." Nothing on the playa reveals Black Rock City's existence until the next year. Climaxing the festival, a giant wooden Man burns the Saturday night before Labor Day in a bacchanalian rite of dance, performance art, and flames.
I attended Burning Man for six years. I have also researched name arrangement on memorials, including the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme in Thiepval, France, designed by Edwin Lutyens. When I first saw a photo of the WWI Memorial, it reminded me of Burning Man. Thiepval was an influence on Maya Lin for her Vietnam Veterans Memorial. David Best may also have studied Lutyens before building the Temple of Tears, Temple of Joy and Temple of Honor.
The Thiepval Memorial is a truncated tower with sixteen piers supporting intersected arches that increase in size for a two-story effect. In the interior, these piers hold names of 72,000 primarily British missing soldiers. Best's Temples also featured arches, towers, multiple stories, and interior names. Constructed of scraps from manufacturing 3D dinosaur puzzles, similar to cookie dough scraps, they were feathery shrines of light and memory.
Best's first Temple at the 2000 Burning Man, Temple of the Mind, designed with Jack Haye, was a ramshackle building not reflecting Thiepval. But in 2001, Best and Haye got serious. Their Temple of Tears (or Temple of Memory) featured a truncated tower and two arches, one on top of the other, giving the appearance of two stories. Burners wrote memorial inscriptions inside. Sunday night it made a glorious blaze of memories and dinosaur templates.
In 2002, Best, with Haye, continued building upon his own work in addition to Lutyens. The Temple of Joy had the truncated tower, the multiple story effect, and interior names, but no arches. His Temple of Honor in 2003 brought the arches back, retaining the two-story idea, with an elongated tower. Temple of Stars, Best's final Temple in 2004, reflected only his own work, with a single story, tall tower and no arches. As always, Burners inscribed their memories into the interior. Mark Grieve designed the Temples of Dreams in 2005 and the Temple of Hope in 2006 without reference to Lutyens.
The Thiepval Memorial organizes names of the missing by regiments, rank and alphabetical order. Because British fighting units mustered into the Pals Battalions of their towns and neighborhoods, the Memorial keeps friends and relatives together. At Burning Man, the names are random, an ill advised organizational structure for memorials. Michael Arad, designer of the proposed World Trade Center Memorial, tried random. When surviving families vilified the suggestion as insulting, he reluctantly changed his easy-way-out random to a display that honors victims as friends and co-workers.
But random at Burning Man is only an appearance. Burners each carefully select a place on the Temple for their memories. They choose that place for a reason. Perhaps it reminds them of their loved ones; perhaps it's easy to get to or a challenge to reach. Each memory remains in its sacred space until the burn on Sunday night.
Some say the Temple is a superior burn to the Man. After all, the Man always looks the same, but the Temple changes each year. The burning of the Man is an invitation to party. The Temple burn glows with memories and the reverence is real, regardless of what Burners wear or do not wear.
This year the Man is green, an obvious 2007 theme for a festival that leaves no trace. Check it out. You don't need clothes, although costumes are a big part of the experience. Bring a tent, a shade structure, and lots of sunscreen and water. Bring those who now live only in your heart. When the Temple burns, it will carry your love into the sky.
Posted at 03:07 PM in Arrangement Structures, Burning Man, Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, Memorials, Names on a Memorial Series, Random Order | Permalink
A DIRECTORY OF POSTINGS
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A DIRECTORY OF POSTINGS includes more categories arranged into a hierarchy, with postings from an earlier blog and articles in print publications. (1)
Alphabetical Order (7)
Arrangement Principles (9)
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Arranging to Persuade Series (4)
Canonic Order (1)
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Digital Explorers and Pioneers (1)
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Financial Crisis, 2008-09 (1)
Findability (4)
Fogg, B.J. (4)
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Isis Information Services Projects (3)
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Kurzweil, Ray (1)
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Memorial to the Missing of the Somme (2)
Names on a Memorial Series (7)
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Popularity Order (1)
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Reinventing Knowledge (4)
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Weinberger, David (1)
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BizTechTalk
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Q: preg match validating on several options, otherwhise replace with null i need to validate my string variable, it MUST contain one of these options:
Waiting, Ok, Rejected, Unpaid, Expired. How can i write regex on few options?

A: if (preg_match('/^Waiting|Ok|Rejected|Unpaid|Expired$/', $str, $matches)) {
  //..
}

But you could not use regex for such requirements, you could check it whether it is in an array:
$valid_status = array('Waiting', 'Ok', 'Rejected', 'Unpaid', 'Expired');
if (in_array($str, $valid_status, true)) {
  //..
}

A: Something like:
  $data = "Waiting text";

    if(preg_match('[Waiting|Ok|Rejected|Unpaid|Expired]', $data)) { } else { }

A: Here is documentation for regexp alternations:
http://php.net/manual/en/regexp.reference.alternation.php


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James Edward Poulson (born 20 February 1995) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Poulson was born at Bury St Edmunds. He was educated in Bury St Edmunds at the King Edward VI School, before going up to Oxford Brookes University. While studying at Oxford Brookes, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford MCCU against Warwickshire at Oxford in 2014. He later undertook postgraduate studies at Homerton College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made a single first-class appearance for Cambridge University against Oxford University at Fenner's in 2017. He scored 61 runs in his two matches, with a high score of 40. With his right-arm medium pace bowling he took 5 wickets at an average of 26.60, with best figures of 3 for 30. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Poulson also played minor counties cricket for Suffolk from 2012–19 making seventeen appearances in the Minor Counties Championship, fourteen appearances in the MCCA Knockout Trophy, and sixteen appearances in the Minor Counties T20.

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bury St Edmunds
People educated at King Edward VI School, Bury St Edmunds
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
English cricketers
Suffolk cricketers
Oxford MCCU cricketers
Alumni of Homerton College, Cambridge
Cambridge University cricketers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Disturbing photoshopped images of Kamala Harris and Princess Kate used in domestic violence awareness campaign
Nov 30, 2021 by Alex Baker Leave a Comment
Italian artist and activist aleXsandro Palombo has launched a street art campaign to raise awareness of domestic violence using heavily photoshopped images of famous women such as Kamala Harris, Duchess of Kent Kate Middleton, President of Europe Ursula Von de Leyen, and Princess Letizia of Spain.
The women appear against a stark dark background, front-facing the camera, with their faces showing an agonising array of cuts, bruises, black eyes and bloody noses. Palombo states that he is raising awareness for the victims of domestic abuse, I imagine making the point that anyone can be a victim of gender violence.
A post shared by aleXsandro Palombo (@alexsandropalombo)
He states in his Instagram post "Why should a woman report the violence if after the report she is not protected by the institutions and ends up being killed anyway?". He goes on to say "a State that does not protect but leaves women alone in the hands of their tormentor becomes a silent accomplice." It's certainly a valid point. It is one thing to encourage victims to come forward and report the crimes, but to then abandon them back to their abuser is tantamount to corroborating in their further abuse.
The images have already been seen around Europe on the sides of buses and on billboards in both Milan and in Spain, where sadly gender-related and domestic violence is still very much an issue. However, it does appear that the artist didn't ask for permission to use any of the images. Kensington Palace has apparently said that no permission was given for the use of the image of the Duchess of Kent.
This is not the first time that Palombo has created a series of images using well-known women to highlight the issue. Last year he created a social media campaign titled "Just because I am a woman" which used former first lady Michelle Obama, Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel, and Hilary Clinton in a similar manner to the latest series.
Palombo describes himself as a "contemporary pop artist & activist, focusing on pop culture, society, diversity, ethics, and human rights."
These images are undeniably powerful, and by all rights should make us feel uncomfortable. However, the fact remains that the artist used the images without consent. Was he right to do that and would the images have been less impactful if he had permission?
[Via El Mundo]
This photographer helps survivors of domestic violence to love themselves again Princess Kate Renders Professional Photographer Useless; Photographs Daughter's First Portraits Herself Vogue under fire for "whitewashing" Kamala Harris in the cover photo Sony 4K Eagle-Cam Used to Capture a Record-Breaking Wildlife Awareness Campaign
Filed Under: news Tagged With: Alexsandro Palombo, awareness, Photoshop, Violence
About Alex Baker
« This Canon teddy bear comes complete with a miniature 5D Mark IV
7 tips to take spectacular Winter wonderland images »
What's the most prominent feature of anamorphic lenses?
Horizontal flare
Ultra-wide aspect ratio
Oval-shaped bokeh
What is moiré?
The reflection of the camera flash from shiny surfaces
Another name for digital noise
A pattern the sensor creates when shooting fine repeated details
A halo in over-processed images
What are the elements of the exposure triangle?
Shutter speed, ISO, and flash duration
ISO, aperture, and subject's distance from the light source
Shutter speed, aperture, and ISO
Aperture, ISO, and flash duration
What tool can you not use in Lightroom to adjust brightness and contrast in your photos?
Highlights/Shadows sliders
Whites/Blacks sliders


All the characters roaming the endless cage of my mind have been clamouring to get out so I have begun physically putting pen to paper and developing character profiles. The cornerstone of every great story in my humble opinion are the characters themselves and the interrelationships between them.
The one problem I have encountered thus far is that I want to make all my characters badass or incredibly powerful/interesting but then the process of doing that will make none of them badass. It is going to be a stimulating challenge to develop and write characters who are intrinsic to the plot but not necessarily the most intriguing of individuals.
The latest character I have been working on, who will remain nameless so far, will take on traits of my personality and my own struggles. I want him to be a beacon of hope and sadness at the same time and also a different take on a particular fantasy trope. I do not know where he will fit in plot-wise or even what my overarching plot is if I am totally honest. But work is moving along and soon it will be time to dive in and construct what I hope will be a masterpiece.


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John Newton - .MP4 Digital Download
This documentary explores Newton's life from his turbulent youth to his involvement in the 18th century African slave trade, his dramatic conversion aboard a sinking ship and on through his remarkable ministry as an evangelistic preacher, hymn writer and abolitionist.
Running Time: 45 Min
Alternate formats: DVD - $5.00
Categories: Composers/Hymnwriters/Musicians British
Audience: Adults
"Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners—of whom I am the worst." I Timothy 1:15 (NIV)
The words of the Apostle Paul in I Timothy 1:15 no doubt resonated with John Newton. As a person who had grown up in the church under the tutelage of a very godly mother and who later became a faithless rebel, Newton may have felt he was "the worst." But if his story teaches us anything, it is to never give up on anyone no matter how far they seem to be from the Kingdom. As Newton's most famous hymn says, "Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me." This documentary, featuring interviews with Newton scholars Brian H. Edwards, Jonathan Aitken and Tony Baker, thoroughly explores Newton's life from his turbulent youth to his involvement in the 18th century African slave trade, his dramatic conversion aboard a sinking ship and on through his remarkable ministry as an evangelistic preacher, hymn writer and abolitionist. This fast-paced and insightful documentary serves as an excellent teaching tool and will inspire viewers to take hold of God's amazing grace.
Video Librarian, May/June 2012
Featuring a trio of historians—Brian H. Edwards, Jonathan Aitken, and Tony Baker—who describe the amazing twists and turns in John Newton's remarkable story, this outstanding documentary profiles the life of the 18th-century figure who evolved from slave trader to abolitionist (becoming a hugely popular pastor-teacher in the Church of England along the way). Newton's picaresque adventures begin with his being the protected young son of a devoutly Christian woman and a seafaring captain. Following the death of his mother at an early age and an aborted education, Newton took to the waves and became a rough-and-tumble sailor who suffered the lash on his back and endured a stint as a white slave in West Africa. Shuffled from one vessel to the next by a Royal Navy that had press-ganged him into compulsory service, Newton eventually gained his freedom and captained a brutal slave ship until ill health forced him ashore. Back on land, Newton's earlier religious epiphany that came during a shipwreck blossomed into a rich spiritual life, in which he preached eloquently, wrote hymns (most famously, "Amazing Grace"), and became a principal in the growing movement to outlaw slavery in England. A compelling biography, this is highly recommended.
Tim Challies - blogger, author, and book reviewer
Gary Wilkinson is an independent Christian television producer and one who has been hard at work creating quite a list of excellent little church history documentaries. I recently received several of these DVDs and have very much enjoyed them, and perhaps especially the ones that deal with characters who are not quite so well known. I believe he currently has 5 DVDs for sale through Vision Video. I have watched and enjoyed the following:
John Newton - This documentary explores Newton's life from his turbulent youth to his involvement in the 18th century African slave trade, his dramatic conversion aboard a sinking ship and on through his remarkable ministry as an evangelistic preacher, hymn writer and abolitionist.
Robert Jermain Thomas - A young Welsh missionary name Robert Jermain Thomas left the shores of Britain to minister God's Word in China and Korea. His martyrdom would be the seed that would grow and contribute to the Korean revivals in 1903 and 1907. Be encouraged by his testimony and the growth of Christianity in Korea.
The Welsh Revivals - The revivals of 1859 and 1904 in Wales stand as powerful examples, marked by a commitment to prayer, bold preaching for repentance within the church, and a community-wide spiritual awakening. During this time, churches were packed, crime rates and other social ills decreased dramatically, and nominalism and dead orthodoxy were replaced by passionate love for Jesus. This documentary traces the origins of the revival, introduces us to its leaders, and follows its lasting impact upon the world.
Patrick - Learn about Patrick's extraordinary life in this docu-drama, featuring enlightening interviews with noted scholars and captivating reenactments of Patrick's life.
The other one is Outpouring of the Holy Spirit - A small group of believers earnestly prayed for Revival in England at the beginning of the twentieth century. Little did they know how God would answer that prayer - an answer that would impact the church worldwide. This revival would lead to the birth of Pentecostalism in Britain and awaken people to a new relationship with God.
I always find it difficult to spend $11 or $12 or $15 on a DVD that is just 30 minutes or an hour long. I think DVDs like this are just waiting for a download distribution model that can negate the physical costs and the shipping costs. In the meantime, though, these films are perfect for buying, watching and then either passing around or donating to your church library. Each one contains a powerful testimony of what the Lord has done through a life or at a particular time in history. I'm grateful for Wilkinson's labor of love and am glad to recommend these documentaries. http://www.challies.com/resources/church-history-dvds
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Epichlorops elongatus är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Wheeler 1994. Epichlorops elongatus ingår i släktet Epichlorops och familjen fritflugor.

Artens utbredningsområde är Ontario. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fritflugor
elongatus


Hey guys! I'm Trina. Twenty-something years young and full of life, I enjoy spontaneity and passion more than anything in the world. Standing at 5'7 and weighing just under 160, I'm a statuesque goddess that can only be full appreciated when naked and in heels!
The very first line is my website address. There is where you can find my rates, packages offered, pictures and more! I welcome contact from new loves, but I urge you thoroughly read my site before reaching out, I tried to cover all questions there.


The question of nature and nurture has been a cause for the debates, researches and studies for many centuries. Moreover, this everlasting debate is most likely will never be proven to be one thing or another, as there are numerous cases in favor of the both sides. Adopted children that originally came from the families with drug problems and violence, having come into homes with healthy psychological environment and loving families, have often come to be a great people who in no way resembled their parents. On the other hand, there were cases of adopted children who, despite great nurturing environment, on the contrary have come to live the same lives their biological parents lived. In addition, there is no way to prove scientifically what is stronger, nature or nurture. I personally believe that both aspects are crucial to the development of the personality, however, I think that the nurture is a little bit more important and powerful, as it gives a chance to make up or correct what the nature gave us.
By nature, I have been gifted with creativity and raw skills for creating great pieces of visual arts. My grandfather used to create great paintings, and he passed it on to my mother. Even though my mother was just a doctor, in her spare time, she used to decorate the house, and sometimes we would draw together. That is when the parent s noticed that I am also good at it and I have this creativity in me. This was something I have received as a part of my genes, and something I could not ignore when making my decisions on every day basis.
My environment that included my family, friends, and teachers have been really supporting and encouraging in development of my creativity and art skills. As my creativity, it has been influencing my worldview, ideas and actions; I was always different from the other kids. The things could go two ways, I could be discouraged to stand out and express my different point of view, and especially my peers could be cruel to me for being different, or be supported by people around me. Therefore, I am glad that the latter happened to me, my creativity was not suppressed, and on the contrary, it was supported in every aspect of my life. My school advisor helped me to pick more creative classes that would develop my skills and let me progress in this field. Often I was encouraged by a school principal to represent my school in the art competitions of different kinds. My environment has been encouraging and supportive for me to develop my skills, and I would hate to think what could have happened otherwise.
Although, looking at my life I believe that for me nurture has played the great role in my development, and I have seen it do great things to the lives of others. When you are given something by the nature, you cannot give it back or erase it from your life, but it can always be influenced in a good or in a bad way by the nurture. The influence of the nurture on your life can change the course of it despite the nature. People are not born joyful, bitter, angry, or merciful, they come to be like that through life, nurtured by their environment.


text:
Q: How to force zero pixel Gap between Consecutive Cells in WPF DataGrid i am building an application in WPF for a custom need. First i opted for custom controls, but later on figured out that much of what i needed was already implemented in Datagrid Control. However there is one small glitch:
The problem with Datagrid is that it enforces a minimum of 2 pixel gap between two consecutive cells (1 on each side of the Grid Line). Please have a look at the following diagram for clarity:
.
Please note the 2 pixels gap enforced by the Datagrid between the two consecutive cells:
http://img265.imageshack.us/img265/3545/figurem.png
(Stack overflow wouldn't let me add image to my question citing a spam protection policy for new users)
.
This doesn't suit my requirement as i want the content to appear "continuous" (There must not be this gap of 2 pixels; i want the connecting lines to look "connected"). i've tried fidgeting with the GridLinesVisibility, but it didn't help. The DataGrid is hosting a custom control like this:
<DataGrid.Columns>
            <DataGridTemplateColumn Width="25" Header="">
                <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <ContentControl Content="{Binding Path=MyCustomControl}" Margin="0"></ContentControl>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn>

....
</DataGrid.Columns>

i have so far tried:

*

*Switching off the GridLine (see result here: http://img263.imageshack.us/img263/8602/figure2j.png)

*Setting the margin of the content property to 0.

*Searched google and stackoverflow

*Consulted some books.

but nothing seems to come up.
Is there a solution to this/some hack or a workaround or would i have to create everything from scratch? i have decent experience with c#, but i am new to WPF.
Please Help.

A: What you need to do is get at the DataGridCell style for your DataGrid and set its BorderThickness to be 0. It's hard-coded as 1 in the default style, but fortunately it's easy to override this:
<Style TargetType="DataGridCell">
    <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0" />
</Style>

I would suggest putting that into the resources of your DataGrid so it only affects that one grid, unless you want it to have a wider scope than that.
<DataGrid>
    <DataGrid.Resources>
        <Style TargetType="DataGridCell">...</Style>
    </DataGrid.Resources>
    ...
</DataGrid>

There are other places you could put it as well, depending on your precise needs.


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text:
W. Side group 'accepts' Wal-Mart
An industrial group that represents West Side manufacturers doesn't intend to object to Wal-Mart Stores Inc.'s plan to open a store in an industrial corridor along the 1600 block of North Kilpatrick Avenue. While the group would have preferred a manufacturing use for the site, "we've accepted it and we're going to work with it," says James Lemonides, CEO of the Greater North-Pulaski Development Corp., adding that he hasn't heard a "peep" of complaint from the group's members. He says he hopes the store, which is expected to bring in 250 jobs, will provide management-track positions to local residents.
Several unions, which argue that Wal-Mart will destroy union jobs, have vowed to block the Arkansas-based retailer's plan to open a store in the Northwest Industrial Corridor.


Around a quarter of a million people are expected to gather across the city to take in the fireworks at the end of the next month. It's an annual tradition that stretches back to 1982, meaning that this year's show will be the festival's 34th display. Sir John Drummond, then director of the Edinburgh International Festival, founded the fireworks celebration to bridge the gap between the EIF and the capital's local audience.
The fireworks concert takes place on Monday 29 August, 9.30pm.
The concert will take place at the Ross Theatre Bandstand at Princes Street Gardens. But the fireworks will be visible across the city.
The concert to accompany the show celebrates the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death, with interpretations of music from Romeo and Juliet and its contemporary equivalent, Leonard Bernstein's West Side Story. Ballet music from Prokofiev's score of Romeo and Juliet will feature alongside The Symphonic Dances from Bernstein's musical. The show will conclude with Shostakovich's Festive Overture. Estonian composer Kristiina Poska will conduct the Scottish Chamber Orchestra. Forth One will broadcast the concert for the benefit of those not attending.
Tickets for the concert, which runs to 45 minutes, cost up to £30. The cheapest entry fee (£13.50) gives you standing access to a section of Princes Street Gardens either side of the bandstand; £18 gives you priority access to the same area, meaning you can get the best vantage point first. For seats in the main seating area and the path above it, you'll need to pay £30. Children under five go free, but must acquire tickets before entering. Within the Princes Street Gardens grounds, an audience of up to 12,000 is expected to attend.
For those unable to get tickets for the concert, there are numerous spots that offer a great view of the fireworks. Inverleith Park and Arthur's Seat are perhaps the most popular – both give terrific vantage points of the display from afar. (Inverleith Park is especially popular with families.) Calton Hill, the Mound and the Meadows are great alternatives.
Wear layers and bring a waterproof jacket, since the evening will likely get chilly by the end. Concertgoers with tickets are advised not to go to the gardens with glass bottles. Picnics are allowed, even encouraged, but since the grounds will get dark it's best not to bring tables and other pieces of outdoor furniture that others could trip over. If you're going to a park with friends to watch the fireworks, go in large groups and take a torch. Failing that, some smartphones have a high-intensity beam.


text:
Meet the Artist: Corrine Cox
By Communications and MarketingOctober 5, 2014Art, Visiting Artist
Corinne Cox of Wedowee, Alabama is one of 14 artists selected to exhibit in the 2014 Alabama and Neighbors Ceramics Exhibition and Sale, on view through Nov. 2.
In addition to the exhibition of a single work from each artist, all finalists will participate in a weekend-long sale, Oct. 31 through Nov. 2, in the newly renovated Susan Phillips Gardens. The Friday evening sale is a ticketed event, where guests may browse and shop the sale before the general public.
This program has been made possible by grants from the Alabama State Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts.
I make whimsical, fun, and colorful art with a creative element I call "Corinnespin." I enjoy making conceptual ceramic art that spins with the rich colors of raku firing and the kinetic movement of small lazy Susans. Trés Lilli at a Café Table was inspired by the paintings of Trés Taylor.
Corinne Cox
(Wedowee, Alabama, b. 1955)
Trés Lilli at a Café Table, 2012
Clay and metal
Guests of the preview sale on Oct. 31 will have an opportunity to browse and shop the event exclusively and enter to win a $100 credit towards purchase. Light hors d'oeuvres and cocktail service by Ursula's Catering and the Museum Cafe will also be a part of the evening's activities. The public sale is from 10 am to 4 pm Saturday, Nov. 1 and Sunday, Nov. 2. Regular museum admission is free courtesy of JCSM Business Partners.
Buy $15 Tickets to the Preview Sale on Oct. 31


text:
Q: How to get the total count of Favorite/Favorited authors I'm trying to get the total favorite/Favorited count for each user, i'm planning to add the counts into author.php to show how many authors Favorited him and how many he favorite others, this the plugin code, SO how can i get only the count for each user?
http://wp.ohsikpark.com/favorite-authors/
Description: Favorite Authors allows you to add all of your favorite authors on your account.
Author: writegnj
Version: 1.2
Author URI: http://www.ohsikpark.com
Text Domain: favorite-authors
License: GPL2
*/
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) or die( 'No script kiddies please!' );
// Define plug-in path
define('FAV_AUTHORS_PATH', plugins_url() . '/favorite-authors');
define('FAV_AUTHORS_META_KEY', "favorite-authors");
/*
**  Register CSS & JS assets for plug in
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
// register our form css
function fav_authors_register_assets(){
    wp_register_style( 'favorite-authors', FAV_AUTHORS_PATH . '/favorite-authors.css' );
    wp_register_style( 'themename-style', get_stylesheet_uri(), array( 'dashicons' ), '1.0', true );
    wp_register_script( 'favorite-authors-script', FAV_AUTHORS_PATH . '/favorite-authors.js', array('jquery'), '1.0', true );
}
add_action('init', 'fav_authors_register_assets');
// load our form css
function fav_authors_print_assets(){
    global $fav_authors_load_assets;
if ( !$fav_authors_load_assets )
    return;

wp_print_styles('favorite-authors');
wp_print_styles('themename-style');
wp_print_scripts('favorite-authors-script');

}
add_action('wp_footer', 'fav_authors_print_assets');
// Load and localize JS for AJAX
function fav_authors_enqueue(){
    wp_localize_script( 'favorite-authors-script', 'fav_authors_ajax_object', array( 'ajax_url' => admin_url( 'admin-ajax.php' ), 'ajax_nonce' => wp_create_nonce('fav_authors_obj_ajax')) );
}
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'fav_authors_enqueue' );
// Get curren user
function fav_authors_get_user_id(){
    global $current_user;
    wp_get_current_user();
    return $current_user->ID;
}
// Add favorite authors to current user's usermeta
function fav_author_add_fav_author(){
    check_ajax_referer( 'fav_authors_obj_ajax', 'security' );
    $add_this_author = absint($_POST['clicked_author_id']);
if($add_this_author !== (int)$add_this_author)
    return;

if ( current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ){
    $user_id = absint(fav_authors_get_user_id());

    $author_list = get_user_meta( $user_id, FAV_AUTHORS_META_KEY, true );

    if( empty( $author_list ) ) {
        update_user_meta( $user_id, FAV_AUTHORS_META_KEY, array( $add_this_author ) );
    } else {
        $author_arr = ( is_array( $author_list ) ) ? $author_list : array( $author_list );

        if(in_array($add_this_author, $author_list))
            return;

        $author_arr[] = $add_this_author;
        update_user_meta( $user_id, FAV_AUTHORS_META_KEY, $author_arr );
    }
}
die();

}
add_action( 'wp_ajax_get_fav_author_id', 'fav_author_add_fav_author' );
// Remove favorite authors from current user's usermeta
function fav_author_remove_user(){
    check_ajax_referer( 'fav_authors_obj_ajax', 'security' );
if ($_POST['clicked_author_id']){
    $remove_this_author = absint($_POST['clicked_author_id']);

    if($remove_this_author !== (int)$remove_this_author)
        return;

    if ( current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ){
        $user_id = absint(fav_authors_get_user_id());

        $author_list = get_user_meta( $user_id, FAV_AUTHORS_META_KEY, true );
        //print_r($author_list);
        $author_saved = array_search($remove_this_author, $author_list);

        if( FALSE !== $author_saved ){
            // Remove $author_saved
            unset($author_list[$author_saved]);
            $author_arr = ( is_array( $author_list ) ) ? $author_list : array( $author_list );
            update_user_meta( $user_id, FAV_AUTHORS_META_KEY, $author_arr );
        }
    }

}
die();

}
add_action( 'wp_ajax_remove_fav_author_id', 'fav_author_remove_user' );
// Add shorcode on php file
function fav_authors_link(){
    wp_enqueue_style('favorite-authors');
if ( is_user_logged_in() ) {
    wp_enqueue_script('favorite-authors-script');
    wp_enqueue_style('themename-style');

    $fav_author_list = get_user_option( 'favorite-authors', fav_authors_get_user_id() );
    //var_dump( $fav_author_list );

    global $post;
    //print_r($post);
    $user_id = absint($post->post_author);

    if(fav_authors_get_user_id() == $user_id)
        return;

    if( empty( $fav_author_list ) ){
        $str = ' Favorite';
    }else{

        if(in_array($user_id, $fav_author_list)){
            $str = ' Favorited!';
        }else{
            $str = ' Favorite';
        }

    }
    $str .= '';

    echo $str;
}else{
    echo '
Log in to favorite this author
';
}

}
/*
**  Pagination for favorite author list by current user
    This pagination code and get favorite user list code can be clearned up better than this...
*/
function fav_authors_pagi(){
    check_ajax_referer( 'fav_authors_obj_ajax', 'security' );
    //var_dump($_POST);
    $fav_author_list = get_user_option( 'favorite-authors', fav_authors_get_user_id() );
$page = ! empty( $_POST['clicked_author_id'] ) ? (int) $_POST['clicked_author_id'] : 1;
$total = count( $fav_author_list );
$limit = 20; // <----------------------------------------------------- Set number of authors to show per page
$totalPages = ceil( $total/ $limit );
$page = max($page, 1);
$page = min($page, $totalPages);
$offset = ($page - 1) * $limit;
if( $offset < 0 ) $offset = 0;

if ($fav_author_list){
    $fav_author_list = array_slice( $fav_author_list, $offset, $limit );

    foreach($fav_author_list as $fav_au ){
        $fa_au = get_userdata( $fav_au );
        $author_url = esc_url(site_url( "/author/" ).$fa_au->user_login);

        echo '
';
        echo esc_html($fa_au->display_name);
        echo ' ID.'"> Favorited!
';
    }
}else{
    echo '
Add favorite authors!
';
}
die();

}
add_action( 'wp_ajax_fav_au_pagi', 'fav_authors_pagi' );
/*
**  Get favorite author list by current user
    Shortcode [favorite-authors-list] function
*/
function fav_authors_get_list(){
    $fav_author_list = get_user_option( 'favorite-authors', fav_authors_get_user_id() );
    //var_dump( $fav_author_list );
$page = ! empty( $_POST['page'] ) ? (int) $_POST['page'] : 1;
$total = count( $fav_author_list );
$limit = 20; // <----------------------------------------------------- Set number of authors to show per page
$totalPages = ceil( $total/ $limit );
$page = max($page, 1);
$page = min($page, $totalPages);
$offset = ($page - 1) * $limit;
if( $offset < 0 ) $offset = 0;

if ($fav_author_list){
    $fav_author_list = array_slice( $fav_author_list, $offset, $limit );

    echo '
';
        echo '
Total favorited author: '.$total.'
';
        echo '
';
        foreach($fav_author_list as $fav_au ){
            $fa_au = get_userdata( $fav_au );
            $author_url = esc_url(site_url( "/?author=" ).$fa_au->ID);

            echo '
';
            echo esc_html($fa_au->display_name);
            echo ' ID.'"> Favorited!
';
        }
        echo '
';
        // Pagination
        echo '
';

        if( $totalPages != 0 && $total >= $limit) {
            for ($i = $page; $i <= $totalPages; $i++) {
                if ($i == 1){
                    echo '
'.$i.'
';
                }else{
                    echo '
'.$i.'
';
                }
            }
        }
        echo '
';
    echo '
';
}else{
    echo '
Add your first favorite author!
';
}

}
/*
**  Add a shortcode for front end form
    [favorite-authors-list]
    https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/add_shortcode
*/
function fav_authors_list(){
    // Load CSS & JS files
    global $fav_authors_load_assets;
    $fav_authors_load_assets = true;
// Show only to logged in users
if ( is_user_logged_in() ) {
    $output = fav_authors_get_list();
    return $output;
}else{
    echo '
Please Login to continue...
';
}

}
add_shortcode('favorite-authors-list', 'fav_authors_list');
// Add plug in link to setting page
function fav_authors_action_links( $links ){
   $links[] = 'Documentation';
   return $links;
}
add_filter( 'plugin_action_links_' . plugin_basename(FILE), 'fav_authors_action_links' );

A: This will help you to show how many author current user favorite others:
Add this to your themes functions.php file
<?php
function get_fav_auth_count(){
    if ( is_user_logged_in() ) {
        global $current_user;
        wp_get_current_user();
        $count = size_of(get_user_option('favorite-authors', $current_user->ID));
        echo $count;
    }
}
?>

and call it like this <?php get_fav_auth_count(); ?>


Atwood Oceanics, a global offshore drilling contractor, is moving its corporate headquarters to the Energy Crossing II building at 15011 Katy Freeway to accommodate the company's recent record growth. The move also marks a pivotal point in Atwood's 45-year history as the company invests in an ongoing USD 4.5B fleet expansion and modernisation program.
Atwood Oceanics made the decision to relocate its corporate facilities after 34 years in its former location at Park Ten Place, allowing Atwood to become more operationally efficient and flexible. The move will provide the company's nearly 200 Houston-based employees with contemporary workspaces and numerous collaboration areas. The office space, which occupies the top two floors of the eight-story building, also includes an employee café, a social gathering area and, more importantly, a ground-floor training centre for delivering competency-based drilling and technical skills curriculum.
Located at the southwest intersection of Interstate 10 and Highway 6, the 89,000ft2 Atwood space was designed by Gensler with construction services provided by Houston-based Trademark Construction. The Energy Crossing campus, leased and managed by Lincoln Property Company, includes a fitness centre, secure parking garage and full-service delicatessen accessible to Atwood employees. Atwood is targeting a Silver LEED certification by the U.S. Green Building Council for its space.


2017. I was entered into the 100 mile but ended up doing the 50. The river crossings were very flooded because it had rained a lot, and also the course was much more technical and muddy than I had imagined. Overall I really liked the race. It was really pretty in the woods and the trails were fun, but hard, and I think that the race website could have been more clear about how hard the course was.


text:
Persistence in health limitations: a European comparative analysis
Cristina Hernández-Quevedo, Andrew M. Jones, Nigel Rice
This paper investigates the persistence in health limitations for individuals within the member states of the European Union. We use the full eight waves of data available in the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to explore the relative contributions of state dependence, unobserved heterogeneity and socioeconomic characteristics, in particular income, education and activity status, and how these vary across countries. We focus on binary measures of health limitations, constructed from the answers to the question: "Are you hampered in your daily activities by any physical or mental health problem, illness or disability?". Dynamic non-linear panel data models are specified and estimated using both pooled and random effects probit and logit models together with complementary log-log models. The random effects probit specifications are preferred. Results reveal high state dependence of health limitations, which remains after controlling for measures of socioeconomic status. There is heterogeneity in the socioeconomic gradient across countries.
Journal of Health Economics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007
Health limitations
Panel data
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007
Hernández-Quevedo, C., Jones, A. M., & Rice, N. (2008). Persistence in health limitations: a European comparative analysis. Journal of Health Economics, 27(6), 1472-1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007
Hernández-Quevedo, Cristina ; Jones, Andrew M. ; Rice, Nigel. / Persistence in health limitations : a European comparative analysis. In: Journal of Health Economics. 2008 ; Vol. 27, No. 6. pp. 1472-1488.
@article{cfa71749763a4381a0f3c6caf7270a4e,
title = "Persistence in health limitations: a European comparative analysis",
abstract = "This paper investigates the persistence in health limitations for individuals within the member states of the European Union. We use the full eight waves of data available in the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to explore the relative contributions of state dependence, unobserved heterogeneity and socioeconomic characteristics, in particular income, education and activity status, and how these vary across countries. We focus on binary measures of health limitations, constructed from the answers to the question: {"}Are you hampered in your daily activities by any physical or mental health problem, illness or disability?{"}. Dynamic non-linear panel data models are specified and estimated using both pooled and random effects probit and logit models together with complementary log-log models. The random effects probit specifications are preferred. Results reveal high state dependence of health limitations, which remains after controlling for measures of socioeconomic status. There is heterogeneity in the socioeconomic gradient across countries.",
keywords = "Dynamic models, Health limitations, Panel data",
author = "Cristina Hern{\'a}ndez-Quevedo and Jones, {Andrew M.} and Nigel Rice",
doi = "10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007",
journal = "Journal of Health Economics",
Hernández-Quevedo, C, Jones, AM & Rice, N 2008, 'Persistence in health limitations: a European comparative analysis', Journal of Health Economics, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1472-1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007
Persistence in health limitations : a European comparative analysis. / Hernández-Quevedo, Cristina; Jones, Andrew M.; Rice, Nigel.
In: Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 27, No. 6, 12.2008, p. 1472-1488.
T1 - Persistence in health limitations
T2 - a European comparative analysis
AU - Hernández-Quevedo, Cristina
AU - Jones, Andrew M.
AU - Rice, Nigel
N2 - This paper investigates the persistence in health limitations for individuals within the member states of the European Union. We use the full eight waves of data available in the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to explore the relative contributions of state dependence, unobserved heterogeneity and socioeconomic characteristics, in particular income, education and activity status, and how these vary across countries. We focus on binary measures of health limitations, constructed from the answers to the question: "Are you hampered in your daily activities by any physical or mental health problem, illness or disability?". Dynamic non-linear panel data models are specified and estimated using both pooled and random effects probit and logit models together with complementary log-log models. The random effects probit specifications are preferred. Results reveal high state dependence of health limitations, which remains after controlling for measures of socioeconomic status. There is heterogeneity in the socioeconomic gradient across countries.
AB - This paper investigates the persistence in health limitations for individuals within the member states of the European Union. We use the full eight waves of data available in the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to explore the relative contributions of state dependence, unobserved heterogeneity and socioeconomic characteristics, in particular income, education and activity status, and how these vary across countries. We focus on binary measures of health limitations, constructed from the answers to the question: "Are you hampered in your daily activities by any physical or mental health problem, illness or disability?". Dynamic non-linear panel data models are specified and estimated using both pooled and random effects probit and logit models together with complementary log-log models. The random effects probit specifications are preferred. Results reveal high state dependence of health limitations, which remains after controlling for measures of socioeconomic status. There is heterogeneity in the socioeconomic gradient across countries.
KW - Dynamic models
KW - Health limitations
KW - Panel data
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007
JO - Journal of Health Economics
JF - Journal of Health Economics
Hernández-Quevedo C, Jones AM, Rice N. Persistence in health limitations: a European comparative analysis. Journal of Health Economics. 2008 Dec;27(6):1472-1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.06.007