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Documents on the Laws of War
Book - 2000 | 3rd ed. (with revisions and additions).
This new edition of the popular and authoritative text on the laws of war has been revised and completely updated to take account of the many diplomatic, legal and military developments of the last ten years. Conflicts in the Gulf, Yugoslavia and Rwanda in the 1990s have ensured that the lawsof war remain a topic of considerable international relevance. There are eleven new documents in this edition, including five treaties. Each document is preceded by a concise and useful explanatory note, and each treaty is followed by full details of all states signing or adhering.The text of every important, binding multilateral agreement is reproduced, together with documents that serve as aids to the interpretation of these agreements. Every document is preceded by a concise and useful prefatory note which puts the document in is historical context and gives a large amountof helpful information relating to its entry into force and the parties to the agreements. Reference is also made to relevant, recent armed conflicts, judicial decisions and diplomatic regulations. There are also two useful appendices showing the protective emblems and signs and also, new in thisedition, the applicable electronic sources.Prepared with the assistance of the official depositories of the various agreements, this is an essential reference book for statesmen and diplomats, members of the armed forces and humanitarian organisations, lawyers, journalists, and students of international relations and law.
Publisher: Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, c2000.
Edition: 3rd ed. (with revisions and additions).
Branch Call Number: 341.6 D637
Characteristics: xiv, 765 p. ; 26 cm.
Additional Contributors: Guelff, Richard 1950-
Roberts, Adam 1940-
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Greece tries to coax camped-out migrants into centres as tourist season nears
By Lefteris Karagiannopoulos
Reuters 11 April 2016
ATHENS (Reuters) - Keen to clear the decks for its lucrative summer tourist season, Greece is trying to clear thousands of migrants out of its biggest port where they are sleeping rough by persuading them that they are better off in organised reception centres.
More than 50,000 migrants have been stranded in Greece because of multiple border closures across the Balkans to the north, sealing off a land corridor to wealthy northwestern Europe used by a million people before them fleeing conflict and deprivation in the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
The port of Piraeus is the main gateway to Greece's Aegean islands beloved of tourists - but also for an annual exodus of Greeks from the mainland to celebrate Orthodox Easter.
So Greek officials, anxious not to scare off the travellers' trade so vital to the debt-ridden country's cash-starved treasury, are at pains to stress to migrants camped out there that Piraeus is not a home.
To that end, they are circulating a pamphlet, in Piraeus and other areas of Greece with impromptu migrant camps, showing the beaming face of a child, a man using thumb and forefinger to show a loveheart and a boy munching a banana. It reads:
"The boards (borders) to other European states are now blocked from all directions and unfortunately there is no hope that they are going to open in the foreseeable future."
The pamphlet, published by the Greek coastguard in Arabic, Farsi, English and Greek, is a gentle undertaking to coax migrants to head to organised reception centres.
"The Greek people will always be your friend," it adds.
Over 4,000 migrants were camped at Piraeus on Monday and over 11,000 at Idomeni, a northern border outpost where Macedonian police fired tear gas to drive back migrants who stormed the border fence in desperation on Sunday.
The response to the pamphlet has been a mix of resignation and suspicion.
"I think it will be better at the (reception centre). It has to be. I'm tired of this place," said Osama Jamal, a 30-year-old Syrian, as he and members of his family waited to catch a bus out of gritty, bustling Piraeus port.
"I'm tired of this place. I have read there are showers there and better accommodation," he told Reuters.
Greek authorities laid on buses on Monday to transfer migrants from Piraeus to dockyards northwest of Athens, and there were signs that refugees were on the move.
But some were not convinced, fearing they would be essentially jailed in a reception centre.
Furat Mamo, from the besieged Syrian city of Aleppo, said he would rather stay in Piraeus than go to a reception centre.
"We heard it's very bad. A friend of mine is there and he says it has closed doors, that he needs a special paper to go out," the 24-year-old student said.
Mamo and a friend have been living in a passenger terminal at Piraeus for a month, their possessions wrapped in blankets. Authorities say they cannot remain there for much longer.
The coastguard leaflet of happy beaming faces urges people not to lose hope, and that people will get free medical care, food and transport if they move on to reception centres.
"Do not lose your courage, we stand by you, we love you...! the pamphlet reads.
Furat Mamo and his friends at Piraeus were not swayed.
"I think all we can do is wait here," he said.
(Writing by Michele Kambas; Editing by Mark Heinrich)
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The United Kingdom is too precious to be lost to narrow nationalism
'Constitutional revolution' needed to rescue the union, warns Gordon Brown

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Who Buried Jesus Christ
Posted on 18.02.2022 Author Andrey KiligannPosted in ResurrectionLeave a Reply
Joseph and Nicodemus Bury Jesus' Body (19:38-42) – IVP New Testament Commentary Series
The tale of Jesus' burial in John's gospel may serve to further establish the notion of Jesus' royal character. The huge amount of spice employed (v. 39) clearly demonstrates their devotion to Jesus, just as the extravagant nature of Mary's gift earlier in the chapter did (12:3). At least some royal funerals were characterized by the use of large amounts of spices (2 Chron 16:14; JosephusAntiquities of the Jews17.199). It is possible that the fact that Joseph's tomb is a garden tomb (v. 41) implies more links with monarchy, given that the kings of Judah were buried in garden tombs (2 Kings 21:18, 26), including King David, suggests further associations with royalty (Neh 3:16 LXX; cf.
There were many of people besides kings who had lavish funerals and were buried in garden tombs, but given all of the emphasis placed on Jesus as king in the Passion story, such features may continue the theme at the burial of Jesus.
Brown (1970:959) cites John85.4 as an example.
Additionally, it may be connected to the topic of the formation of the new community: Jesus has reordered the lives of his mother and the Beloved Disciple (Vv.
Mt 12:46-50 par.
Lk 8:19-21).
Indeed, in this narrative, we observe the addition of two more members to this family.
He was a disciple, to be sure, but he did so in secrecy out of fear for his life from Jewish authorities (v.
In addition, Nicodemus, despite the fact that he was not officially designated as a "disciple," had visited Jesus in the middle of the night(v.
As a result, they are two of the individuals mentioned previously who were hidden believers "because they preferred honor from others over praise from God" (12:42-43).
According to the Synoptics, Joseph was a rich member of the Sanhedrin who was looking forward to the arrival of the kingdom and who had refused to agree to the Sanhedrin's judgment of Jesus when it was announced (Mt 27:57; Mk 15:43; Lk 23:50-51).
In any event, they are two guys who wield considerable power, privilege, and fortune.
It is odd that these two men come out of hiding and publicly link themselves with Jesus at the time of his death, given that they would have assumed his movement had come to an end by then.
By taking this step, they are making the degree of their dissatisfaction known to their fellow Jewish leaders.
The Romans would frequently keep the body on the cross for days at a time, though they would occasionally allow the family to remove the body for burial.
Consequently, Joseph had no claim to the body and, depending on how Pilate saw the situation, would have put himself in grave jeopardy.
Furthermore, by permitting Jesus to be buried in a dignified manner, Pilate would be able to aggravate the Jewish leadership even more.
It was instead possible to place the seventy-five pounds of spices, which were most likely in granular or powder form, beneath, surrounding and inside the body, as well as in the strips of linen that they used to wrap the corpse.
42; Robinson 1985:282-83).
As Brown (1994:2:1265) points out, there is no indication that Jews draped their corpses in strips, as Egyptian mummies did, and the Synoptics state that a single sheet was used as the primary covering for their corpses (Mt 27:59 par.
Lk 23:53).
Brown (1994:2:1265) suggests that the term "grave garments" can apply to a single sheet (see Brown 1994:2:1265) or can be used more broadly to refer to "grave clothing" in general (Robinson 1985:291).
When Joseph and Nicodemus perform this step, it marks a shift in their personal discipleship, since they are plainly breaking apart from the rest of the Jewish leadership.
If they miss the Passover itself, according to some accounts of the dating (see comments on 18:28 and 19:14), this means that Christ has replaced the Passover for them, which is consistent with John's emphasis on Jesus as the Lamb of God and the fulfillment of the Jewish feasts in general, and the fulfillment of the Passover in particular.
The generosity of InterVarsity Press allows us to make the IVP New Testament Commentaries available to you.
Bible Gateway passage: John 19:38-42 – New International Version
38After thereafter, Joseph of Arimathea approached Pilate and requested the corpse of Jesus. Now, Joseph was a follower of Jesus, but he did so in secret because he was afraid of the Jewish leaders. B) The word "B" refers to the letter "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" in the word "B" ">(B)With Pilate's permission, he arrived and removed the body from the scene.
Nicodemus arrived with a combination of myrrh and aloes weighing around seventy-five pounds.
D) The word "D" refers to the letter "D" in the word "D" in the word "D" "In line with Jewish funeral practices, this was carried out.
42Due to the fact that it was the Jewish Day of Preparation.
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JERUSALEM According to preliminary findings, portions of the tomb where Jesus Christ's body is traditionally believed to have been buried are still in existence today, despite the centuries of damage, destruction, and reconstruction that have occurred in the surrounding Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which is located in Jerusalem's Old City. The tomb, which is the most revered location in the Christian world, presently consists of a limestone shelf or burial bed that was hewn from the cave's wall, and it is the most visited site in the world.
During the first removal of the marble cladding on the night of October 26, the restoration team from the National Technical University of Athens discovered just a layer of fill material beneath the marble.
After being discovered intact in the middle of the night on October 28, just hours before the tomb was to be resealed, the original limestone burial bed was discovered.
Because I was not anticipating this, my knees are trembling a little," said Fredrik Hiebert, archaeologist in residence at National Geographic.
Despite the fact that we can't be certain, it looks to be visual confirmation that the site of the tomb has not changed through time, something scientists and historians have been wondering about for decades.
To allow visitors to see one of the cave walls, a window has been carved into the southern interior wall of the shrine.
"This is the Holy Rock that has been adored for ages, but it is only now that it can be seen," said Professor Antonia Moropoulou, the Chief Scientific Supervisor in charge of the conservation and restoration of the Edicule.
Was This Really the Tomb of Christ?
The tomb recently discovered in Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulchre may not have been the burial site of a specific Jew known as Jesus of Nazareth, but indirect evidence suggests that the identification of the site by representatives of Roman emperor Constantine some 300 years later may have been a reasonable assumption. Historically, the Canonical Gospels, the first four books of the New Testament, include the earliest descriptions of Jesus' burial. The Canonical Gospels are thought to have been written decades after Christ's crucifixion, around the year 30 A.D.
While the specifics differ, the overall picture is similar.
Individual remains were placed in lengthy niches carved into the sides of the rock to fit them in each of these family tombs, which included one or more burial chambers.
"This does not, of course, establish that the incident took place in the past.
Outside the City Walls
Traditionally, Jews were not allowed to be buried within city walls; therefore, the Gospels explicitly state that Jesus was buried outside of Jerusalem, at the scene of his crucifixion on Golgotha ("the place of skulls"). The city of Jerusalem was enlarged a few years after the burial is claimed to have taken place, bringing Golgotha and the adjoining tomb within the boundaries of the new city. In 325 A.D., when Constantine's delegates arrived in Jerusalem to seek the burial, they were purportedly directed to a temple erected by the Roman emperor Hadrian more than 200 years earlier.
In the words of Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, the Roman temple had been demolished, and excavations under it had discovered a rock-cut tomb beneath the ground.
The Fatimids entirely demolished the church in 1009, and it was reconstructed in the mid-11th century after being completely devastated.
An ancient limestone quarry, as well as at least half a dozen more rock-cut graves, some of which may still be seen today, were also discovered by archaeologists.
"What they demonstrate is that this region was, in reality, a Jewish cemetery outside the walls of Jerusalem during the time of Jesus," says the author.
Months of Restoration, Decades of Study
The burial bed has been resealed in its original marble coating over the course of the previous few days, and it is possible that it will not be revealed for hundreds of years or possibly millennia. It is the goal of Moropoulou and her team to ensure that the architectural conservation they are performing will survive forever. Prior to the rock being resealed, however, significant documentation was carried out on the surface of the formation. A careful review of the data gathered when the burial bed and cave walls were exposed, according to archaeologist Martin Biddle, who published a seminal study on the history of the tomb in 1999.
In addition to other tombs in the area that must have been of great significance because they are covered with crosses and inscriptions painted and scratched into the rock surfaces, Biddle says, "the surfaces of the rock must be examined with the greatest care, I mean minutely, for traces of graffiti." "As Biddle points out, "the problem of graffiti is vitally critical." "We know that there are at least a half-dozen more rock-cut graves beneath various portions of the cathedral," says the researcher.
So what was it about this tomb that convinced Bishop Eusebius that it was the tomb of Christ?
I don't believe Eusebius made a mistake—he was a brilliant scholar—so there is certainly some proof if one is simply willing to search hard enough." As a result of their efforts, the National Technical University of Athens' crew has continued its renovation work on the Edicule.
The National Geographic Channel will premiere the documentary Explorer in November, which will take an in-depth look into the holy city of Jerusalem.
JESUS' BODY PLACED IN THE TOMB – Bible study questions
What is the significance of the tale of Jesus' burial? Why was Pilate taken aback when he was confronted with the question of Jesus' corpse
What was it that the chief priests and Pharisees were afraid of? When it came to Jesus' burial, it was critical that he be buried in a new tomb. What ladies were responsible for preparing Jesus' corpse for burial
The body of Jesus was taken away by Joseph of Arimathea and laid in a tomb, according to the gospel accounts. Why? In order to demonstrate that Pontius Pilate, an independent witness, was aware that Jesus was genuinely dead and that the Galilean women were able to verify the site of the tomb, the ladies traveled to Jerusalem. Drawing depicting the rebuilding of a subterranean tomb from the first century. What is the significance of this section of Jesus' story? It establishes that Jesus had indeed died, and that he was buried by not one but two powerful, respected men who could attest to the truth – a crucial point to remember when considering that the early Christians were accused of fabricating the tale of Jesus' resurrection.
The fact of Jesus' death could also be proved by the Galilean women who prepared Jesus' body for burial; they were well-known and trusted by the Galilean disciples, and they were able to attest to it. What was the identity of the guys that buried Jesus?
Joseph, who was most likely born in a city in Judea called Ramathaim, was a wealthy and important man who served as a member of the Sanhedrin. The Bible describes him as 'on a quest for the Kingdom of God,' and it's possible that he felt he had discovered it in Jesus. He might have been absent from the hurriedly convened council that condemned Jesus, or he could have had his objections to the death sentence overruled. Alternatively, he may have lacked the strength to speak up in Jesus' defense — according to Mark's narrative, Joseph had to 'build up his courage' before asking for Jesus' corpse to be returned. To defend or protect Jesus was a risky move for him, as it could have serious ramifications for his advancement in social, religious, and political circles. Nicodemus brought spices for the burial, including powdered myrrh and aloes, weighing approximately 70lbs in modern weight, which was an incredible amount at the time. There is no explanation as to why he contributed such a large sum of money. However, according to John, Nicodemus came to hear Jesus under cover of darkness, as if he was terrified
Maybe he was now attempting to make up for his fearfulness.
See also: What Does The Blood Of Jesus Do For Us?
Here were two highly respected individuals of genuine Jewish religion who were able to respond to Jesus' teachings in an appropriate manner. Just two men could not have completed the process of burying Jesus in the two to three hours of daylight remaining before the beginning of the Sabbath. It would have been impossible. It would have been difficult to transfer Jesus' dead corpse, and it would have taken several men to lift the stone that blocked the entrance to the tomb. Considering that Joseph and Nicodemus were both wealthy men, it is likely that they had a large number of servants at their disposal.
They openly followed Jesus and loudly declared their allegiance, but when it came down to it, they turned their backs on him.
At the bottom of the page, read the blue Gospel text.
He had not anticipated Jesus to die in such a short period of time.
However, Jesus had undergone a severe beating, which no probably resulted in major internal injuries; he had also been nailed to the crucifixion rather than bound, resulting in crippling blood loss; and he had been nailed rather than tethered to the cross.
Pilate interrogated the centurion who had been in charge of killing Jesus in order to ascertain the facts, and he was reassured that Jesus was truly dead by the centurion's response.
What was it that the chief priests and Pharisees were afraid of?
Alternatively, it is possible that Jesus was brought down from the crucifixion while still alive, snatched away by his followers, and then resuscitated
Or that Jesus' companions took his corpse and subsequently claimed that he had risen from the dead, as he had foretold
Either possibility would allow Jesus or his followers to assert that Jesus had fulfilled his vow to resurrect from the dead three days after his death. Pilate needed to be absolutely certain that this would not happen. At the bottom of the page, read the green Gospel text. What precisely happened when they buried Jesus is still a mystery. When a feast day was coming in Judea, the bodies of crucified persons were removed from the cross and delivered to family. After nightfall, a body was not permitted to be hung on a cross.
the sacred character of the festival ought to be observed.
This indicates that the body was cleaned before to being wrapped in a modest shroud made of fine linen, a procedure that is often undertaken by the female relatives of the deceased at their homes.
Following that, the body was put on a stone shelf within the tomb.
Everything had to be completed in the short amount of time left before nightfall since everyone involved was a devout Jew who strictly observed the Sabbath.
This eliminates the prospect of multiple dead bodies being mistaken for Jesus' body if Jesus' body is the lone body in a newly discovered tomb.
An extra safeguard to prevent the theft of Jesus' body is mentioned in Matthew's gospel (27:62-66): the stationing of a guard at the tomb and the sealing of the tomb, according to Matthew.
What was the atmosphere like in the tomb?
If no one came forward to claim it, it would be buried among other offenders in a mass grave. Mater Dolorosa, often known as the Sorrowing Mother, is a Spanish statue made of wood. Because of this, their presence is critical.
It established them as eyewitnesses to the fact that he had been buried and was thus actually dead
And it demonstrated that there were Galilean disciples who were familiar with, and could attest to, the specific tomb in which Jesus' corpse had been laid in state of death. It seemed improbable that they would end up at the wrong tomb when they returned on Easter morning because of their courage and commitment.
It was important to have this information after the Resurrection when individuals indicated that Jesus was not truly dead, or that there had been a mix-up in the location where he was buried. Furthermore, if the ladies were to pay a visit to the tomb on Easter morning, they needed to know where it was located. At the bottom of the page, read the blue Gospel text.
1. The desire to bury Jesus in the ground. Take note of the blue text. 2. Pilate's amazement, as well as the chief priests and Pharisees' surprise. Take note of the green text. The burial of Jesus is the third point. Take note of the red text. 4. The women who gathered at the grave. Take a look at the black letters. Matthew 27:57-6657 (NASB) When it was almost dark, a wealthy man from Arimathea, called Joseph, arrived, who happened to be a disciple of Jesus as well. 58 He went to Pilate and demanded that the corpse of Jesus be returned to him.
Then Joseph took the corpse and dressed it in a clean linen shroud, 60 and put it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out of the rock; and he went out of the tomb, rolling a huge stone to the door of the tomb.
62 63 The next day, i.e.
"Go, make it as safe as you possibly can," Pilate told them in response to their request for a guard of soldiers.
15:42-4742 (Mark 15:42-4742) And because it being the day of Preparation, i.e., the day before the Sabbath, it was late in the evening when I arrived.
44 And Pilate began to worry if he had already died, so he summoned the centurion and inquired of him as to whether he had already died.
He went and bought a linen shroud, and after dragging him down from the throne, he wrapped him in the linen shroud and put him in a tomb that had been hewn out of the rock, sealing it with a stone that was rolled against the tomb's door.
23:50-5650 (Luke 23:50-5650) There was now a guy called Joseph from the Jewish town of Arimathea who had arrived on the scene.
52 This man went to Pilate and demanded that the corpse of Jesus be returned to him.
54 54 It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was just about to begin.
They observed the Sabbath in accordance with the law of the Lord.
As a result, he arrived and removed his body.
40 They took the corpse of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, as was the Jewish custom for burying the dead at the time of Jesus' death.
41 The garden that had grown up around where Jesus had been crucified, as well as a new tomb where no one had ever been placed before, were now in place. 42 As a result, they put Jesus in the tomb since it was the Jewish day of Preparation and because the tomb was near by.
Meet Joseph of Arimathea: Secret Disciple and Donor of Jesus Christ's Tomb
FollowingJesus Christ has always been risky, but for Joseph of Arimathea, it was particularly hazardous at the time. The Sanhedrin, the Jewish court that sentenced Jesus to death, included him as a significant member. Joseph of Arimathea placed his reputation and his life in danger by standing up for Jesus, but his faith far surpassed his fear of losing his position in the community.
Question for Reflection
In order to avoid the Jews, Joseph of Arimathea had been a covert disciple of Christ. After the crucifixion, he went to Pilate and begged for Jesus' corpse in a strong and unapologetic manner. Joseph took a chance on his reputation with the religious leaders in order to provide a befitting burial for his Lord. With his act of laying Jesus' body in his own personal tomb, Joseph shown both enormous love and tremendous courage. Is it fear that prevents you from being a covert follower of Jesus? Would speaking out for your Christian religion jeopardize your professional reputation?
He is one of only two religious figures from his day who is still recognized and remembered by Christian Christians today.
Nicodemus is the other character.
Joseph of Arimathea in the Bible
Joseph of Arimathea is mentioned in the Bible in several places, including Matthew 27:57, Mark 15:43, Luke 23:50-52, and John 19:38. Joseph would have been a resident of Jerusalem at the time of Jesus' crucifixion since he was a member of the Sanhedrin, although he was born and raised in a Judean village known as Arimathea before coming to Jerusalem. Scholars are split on the location of Arimathea, although some believe it to be in the mountainous region of Ephraim near the town of Ramathaim-zophim, where Samuel the prophet was born.
Among its seventy-one members were some of the wealthiest and most prominent persons in Jerusalem and the surrounding area.
Although there is no evidence in Scripture as to what Joseph's occupation was, unverified folklore claims that he was a merchant in metal items.
Secret Disciple
In fact, Joseph was a follower of Jesus Christ, according to all four Gospels; nevertheless, John emphasizes that this was done in secrecy (John 19:38) until the time of Christ's burial. According to Mosaic law, the remains of individuals who were executed by hanging from a tree must not be permitted to remain on the tree for more than one night (Deuteronomy 21:22-23). Because Jesus' death happened at three o'clock in the afternoon, there was only a small amount of time to bury him before the Sabbath began at sundown at that time.
Even though it put his life in danger, Joseph's willingness to properly bury the deceased demonstrated that he was a faithful Jew.
Joseph of Arimathea lowers Jesus from the cross, engraving by Gustave Dore (1832-1883), from The Holy Scriptures, which includes both the Old and New Testaments: The Old Testament, by Gustave Dore Mark 15, Volume 2, 1869-1870 edition, translated from the Latin Vulgate by Antonio Martini (1721-1809), with friezes by Enrico Giacomelli, from the Latin Vulgate.
Joseph of Arimathea generously offered his new tomb as a place for Jesus to be laid to rest.
(NIV) According to Jewish tradition, Jesus' body was anointed with spicy oils of myrrh and aloes, wrapped in a linen cloth to keep it fresh, and put in the tomb that had previously been unoccupied.
Character Strengths
Despite the demands from his colleagues and the Roman authorities, Joseph maintained his faith in Jesus. His faith was unwaveringly upheld, and he put his trust in God to deal with the consequences. The Bible states that Joseph was "expecting the Kingdom of God," which indicates that he expected the Kingdom to come through Jesus Christ (Mark 15:43
Luke 23:51)
Luke 23:50 describes Joseph of Arimathea as a "good and upright man."
Life Lessons From Joseph of Arimathea
It is possible that our trust in Jesus Christ will cost us a lot of money in the future. Without a doubt, Joseph was despised by his contemporaries for caring for Jesus' corpse, but he refused to let that stop him from following his convictions. It is possible that doing the right thing for God can cause hardship in this life, but it will result in eternal blessings in the next.
John 19:38-42 (KJV) Later on, Joseph of Arimathea approached Pilate and requested the corpse of Jesus be returned to him. Now, Joseph was a follower of Jesus, but he did so in secret because he was afraid of the Jewish authorities' reaction. He arrived and removed the body from the scene with Pilate's consent. He was joined by Nicodemus, the man who had previously visited Jesus in the middle of the night. Nicodemus arrived with a combination of myrrh and aloes weighing around seventy-five pounds.
See also: How Much Did Judas Betray Jesus For
According to Jewish funeral practices, this was done in this manner.
They put Jesus in the tomb since it was the Jewish day of Preparation, and because it was close by and convenient.
"Joseph of Arimathea," or "Joseph of Arimathea." The New Compact Bible Dictionary may be found at newadvent.org. T. Alton Bryant was in charge of the editing.
The Burial of Christ's Body
The death and resurrection of Christ are frequently emphasized, but the Lord's burial receives little attention in the Christian community. Paul, on the other hand, states that the gospel of Christ includes the Savior's death, burial, and resurrection (1 Cor. 15:3-4). After Jesus Christ died on the cross, his corpse was taken and interred in the tomb of Joseph of Arimathaea, a wealthy nobleman who was a member of the Hebrew Sanhedrin and who had recently built a new, unused tomb for him. Following this, according to the apostle Matthew, a wealthy businessman from Arimathaea, called Joseph (who was also a follower of Jesus), went to Pilate and requested that the corpse of Jesus be released.
He took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and put it in his own new tomb, which he had carved out of the rock: and he went out of the tomb, rolling a huge stone to the door of the tomb, and disappeared into the wilderness (Mt.
Mk.
Here are some intriguing and essential realities about the burial of Jesus Christ that you should know.
The Bodies of Criminals
The burial of Jesus' body in the way detailed above was a profoundly unique operation from the perspective of a strictly human being. Rome executed Christ at the instigation of rebellious Jews, who demanded that he be crucified (Acts 2:23). According to the Latin poet Horace, it was common practice in ancient Rome to keep a corpse on a cross until it decomposed completely. He told about crucified slaves "feeding crows on the cross" and how they were tortured (Epistle1.16.46-48). In contrast, it was the Jewish tradition that anyone sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin was: not to be buried in the sepulchers of their forefathers, but in two separate burial grounds designated by the council, one for those who were slain by the sword and strangled, the other for those who were stoned and later hanged or burned (Lightfoot, 2.374; emphasis original).
The burial site of executed criminals was located outside the city of Jerusalem, according to one researcher, in a "region far outside the city of Jerusalem" (Lane, 578).
Also emphasized is that for Pilate "to give the body of a convicted criminal — especially one condemned for high treason — to someone other than a family was very rare" at the time (Wessel, 8.785).
As a result, every precaution would have been taken to ensure that the body was not removed away by authorities.
27:63-64).
The Burial of Christ
Neither Jewish nor Roman custom dictated how the body of a criminal should be disposed of, which is why the Savior's body was buried according to neither tradition. What was the reason behind this? For the time being, the most obvious interpretation is that Joseph was a powerful Jew of "honorable estate" (Mk. 15:43), who "asked for the body of Jesus." And Pilate, the Roman ruler, "ordered it to be given up" for reasons that are not explained in the biblical narrative (Mt. 27:58). According to prophetic prophesy, however, even though Jehovah's suffering Servant would be allocated "a grave among the wicked" (NIV), he would nevertheless be buried "with the riches of the world" (NIV) at the time of his death, and this is the final answer (Isa.
It is undeniable that divine Providence was at work in the fulfillment of this prophesy.
If Isaiah had just wanted to draw attention to the contrast between a disgraceful and a lavish funeral, he would have used two singulars instead of one singular.
He goes on to say that only Matthew's account of Jesus' burial in Joseph's tomb can be considered a fulfillment of the prophesy, and that this is the only possible interpretation.
Divine Overruling
Although Christ's opponents almost doubt meant for his tomb to be that of a common criminal (he was crucified between two thieves), it is extremely astonishing that a prophet seven hundred years earlier predicted that the Lord would be buried with the "rich" (in the company of the wealthy). As has previously been noted, this is plainly at odds with what would be expected under normal circumstances. A forecast of this kind couldn't possible have happened by coincidence. It couldn't possibly have happened.
He, on the other hand, who knows "the end from the beginning" is able to look into the future, cause it to be written, and see it through to completion (Isa.
Due to the possibility that some, most likely in opposition to the idea of the resurrection, would assert that Christ had not been raised but that the site of his tomb was merely unknown or had been misdiagnosed, it was critical that the tomb's location be clearly known at all times.
However, given the current situation in Jerusalem, such point of view is no longer viable. Christ was laid to rest in the tomb of a wealthy and powerful man. His burial was not veiled in secrecy, as some had claimed.
The Seal of Jesus' Tomb
In addition, a Roman seal was used to designate and certify the tomb's location. For example, if it was necessary to seal a door, it was first fixed with a ligament, over which was poured a layer of well-compacted clay, and then imprinted with the seal, so that any violation of it would be found immediately (Job 38:14; Song 4:12; Mt. 27:66). (McClintock, 9.492-493). If we presume that the Romans did not keep records of such vital material, we are assuming the ludicrous. So the burial of Jesus is of paramount importance because it is inextricably linked to both the Savior's death and his resurrection, as well as the Savior's death and resurrection.
Was Jesus Embalmed?
There is one additional point to consider, and it deserves considerable consideration. It is widely believed that Jesus' corpse was embalmed after his death. The term "prepared of the Lord's body" is never used in connection with the preparation of the Lord's body. Certainly, he was not embalmed in a manner similar to that used by the Egyptians, in which the remains were mangled after they were buried (see Morris, 496, 730). When spices were available, the Jews used them to anoint the corpse of the deceased.
Jn.
However, there is a crucial point to note.
Acts 2:25-28) as a result of his resurrection.
Because they had not anticipated Jesus' resurrection, the disciples did not devise some bizarre scheme to seize his corpse and announce that he had been raised from the dead after his death.
However, on the Sunday after his death (and for the next 40 days), the sight of him alive prompted them to place their confidence in the rising Christ.
Christianity is founded on the resurrection of a crucified and buried Lord.
Do We Know Where Jesus Was Buried?
Several years ago, a team of archaeologists and other experts was granted permission to remove the marble covering surrounding the burial shelf in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, as part of an archaeological dig. Several individuals were excited about their tour of the tomb, which is believed by many to be the location where the body of Jesus once lay. The validity of the location, on the other hand, is subject to some doubt. Two different locations in Jerusalem have been offered as the "true" burial sites of Jesus, according to certain scholars.
What does the Bible have to say about Jesus' death and burial? Because of this, we may infer from the gospels that Jesus' corpse was interred in the tomb of Joseph of Arimathea for three days after His death and until the day He was raised from the dead (Matthew 27:58-60).
Where Does the Bible Say Jesus Was Buried?
Following Jesus' crucifixion, Joseph of Arimathea approached Pilate and requested Jesus' corpse (Mark 15:43). According to Matthew 27:59-60, "Joseph took the corpse and dressed it in a clean linen cloth, and he laid it in his own new tomb, which he had carved out of the rock." He walked away from the tomb after rolling a large stone in front of the door." As we read in John 19:39, another disciple called Nicodemus joined Joseph and brought 75 pounds of "myrrh and aloes," which was used to make the perfume.
Myrrh and aloes were expensive spices that were used in embalming.
During the hurried burial of Jesus' body, the two men put some of the spices around his body.
Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Jesus, two of Jesus' disciples, kept an eye on Joseph of Arimathea to observe where he buried the corpse of Jesus.
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Photograph courtesy of Getty Images/alessandrophoto.com
Who Was Joseph of Arimathea?
This is not the spouse of Mary, the mother of Jesus. This Joseph was a wealthy man (Matthew 27:57), whose ancestors came from Arimathea, a town in the northern kingdom of Judah (Luke 23:51). According to John 19:38, Joseph of Arimathea was "a disciple of Jesus, but he did so in secret because he was afraid of the Jewish authorities." "A prominent member of the Council," according to Mark 15:43, describes him. The Greek word for "prominent" can also signify honorable, noble, influential, and revered in addition to its other meanings.
The Council was the top court of Judaism, also known as the Sanhedrin, and it was the highest court in the world.
As you may be aware, this is the same Sanhedrin who condemned Jesus to death on the grounds of blasphemy.
Jesus was found guilty and sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin, who had unanimously decided that Jesus deserved to die.
The Greek word translated as "wait" here indicates to eagerly expect something, to anticipate something with confidence.
When Jesus appeared, Joseph immediately recognized the Savior for whom he had waited for so many years.
There was a garden nearby where Joseph's tomb might be found, not far from the site where Jesus had been crucified.
Both Joseph and Nicodemus were running out of time before the sun set on their mission. "Because it being the Jewish day of Preparation, and because the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus there," John 19:42 explains clearly. Photograph courtesy of Getty Images/kckate16
Where Is Jesus' Tomb Located Today?
Several tombs in Jerusalem, including the Talpiot Family Tomb, the Garden Tomb (also known as Gordon's Tomb), and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, have been suggested as potential locations for the tomb: The Talpiot tomb, which was found in 1980 and made famous by the 2007 documentary The Lost Tomb of Jesus, was the subject of the documentary. The proof supplied by the filmmakers, on the other hand, has now been proven to be false. Researchers have also noted that a poor Nazareth household would not have been able to afford a costly rock-cut family tomb in Jerusalem, as has been suggested by some historians.
In first-century BC Judea, there were a plethora of men with the name Jesus.
However, the Jesus whose bones are interred in that stone casket is not the Jesus of Nazareth, who resurrected from the dead as the Bible claims.
In accordance with Scripture, Jesus was crucified at "the area called the Skull" (John 19:17), leading Gordon to assume he had discovered the site of Jesus' crucifixion.
It is now located outside the city walls of Jerusalem, and Jesus' death and burial also took place outside the city walls of the holy city of Jerusalem (Hebrews 13:12).
The placement of the Garden Tomb itself is the most significant flaw in the structure's design.
Scholars believe that the Garden Tomb was "new" at the time of Jesus' death and burial, and that this is almost impossible.
It appears that there was a Jewish cemetery beyond the walls of Jerusalem during the first century, according to archaeological evidence.
In 325 BC, the Roman emperor Constantine dispatched a team to Jerusalem in order to locate the tomb of Jesus, according to what he recorded.
When the temple was demolished, the Romans uncovered a tomb beneath the structure.
During recent studies of the site, dating methods were used to confirm that portions of the church do, in fact, date back to the fourth century.
Scholars warn that there is insufficient evidence to establish a clear identification of the real tomb of Jesus of Nazareth at this point in time. Photograph courtesy of Getty Images/jchizhe
How Long Was Jesus Buried?
According to our calculations, Jesus' body was in the tomb from Friday evening before sunset until the early hours of Sunday morning, a total of around two and a half days in total. Due to the fact that in their culture, a part of a day was considered to be a whole day, a first-century Jew would have perceived the same time period as representing three days. It is important to note that when the Bible says He rose "on the third day" (1 Corinthians 15:4), it is referring to the first day of the week being Friday, the second day being Saturday, and the third day being Sunday.
Prepare for the Jewish Sabbath by observing Preparation Day on Friday, the day prior.
in the morning today.
According to Matthew 27:57-60, Joseph of Arimathea requested Jesus' body from Pilate "as nightfall drew" and had it deposited in the tomb by Pilate.
Every one of the gospel writers specifies that the first persons to learn of Jesus' resurrection did so at the crack of dawn on Sunday, the first day of the week that we name Sunday (Matthew 28:1,Mark 16:2,Luke 24:1,John 20:1).
See also: Where Is The Blood Of Jesus Today
Who Were the First People to Arrive at Jesus' Empty Tomb?
Walking approached the tomb on Sunday morning, Mary Magdalene, Mary mother of James, and Salome fretted and discussed who would be the one to raise the big stone that had sealed the entrance. The team was astonished to see that the stone had already been rolled away when they got on the scene (Luke 24:1-2). The women were even more taken aback when they discovered that Jesus' corpse had vanished. During the time they were still standing there, perplexed by what had transpired, an angel of the Lord arrived in white clothes that glowed like lightning and declared, "He is not here; he has risen!" 'Remember what he said to you when he was still with you in Galilee: 'The Son of Manmust be given into the hands of sinners, be crucified, and on the third day be risen again'" (Luke 24:6-7).
They reported what they had witnessed to the disciples, but only Peter and John were convinced.
In John 20:9, it is said that they "still did not comprehend from the Scriptures that Jesus had to be raised from the dead." Mary Magdalene stayed at the empty tomb, her tears streaming down her face.
When Jesus appeared, she mistook Him for the gardener and inquired as to whether or not he had removed Jesus' corpse from the scene.
Her faith in Jesus inspired her to inform the disciples that He was still alive, and she hurried to deliver them the good news, proclaiming, "I have seen the Lord!" (John 20:10-18).
Still Good News
Scholars will never be able to definitively determine which ancient tomb served as the real burial site of Jesus. It doesn't matter where the tomb was or is; it's empty. Jesus Christ has risen from the dead, defeating death and granting us eternal life. Articles that are related When Did Jesus Pass Away? In terms of the timeline of Jesus' death and resurrection, we know very little. Did Jesus Really Descend Into Hell as He Claim to Have Done? Truths regarding the Crucifixion that are both beautiful and profound Photograph courtesy of Getty Images/jgroup Jeannie Myers is a freelance writer who lives in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, where she enjoys the beauty of nature.
Reading, camping, singing, and playing board games with her children are some of Jeannie's favorite pastimes.
Is the Good Friday Burial of Jesus Christ a Myth?
According to Luke the Good Friday Burial of Jesus Christ
The burial of Jesus Christ is a one-of-a-kind event. It differs from the norm on a variety of different levels. But, more importantly, where, when, and who arranged his funeral preparations, as well as the importance of his burial, are the characteristics that stand out. According to Luke, the Beloved Physician, Jesus Christ's burial took place on a Friday evening in the year 30 A.D. Pilate granted Joseph's request for the body of Jesus Christ, which was a private and personal one (Luke 23:52).
andtookdown, wrapped it in linen, He put it in a cave that had been hewn out of the rock, where no man had ever been laid before " (Luke 23:53).
This refers to the day that Joseph removed Jesus' body off the crucifixion and laid him to rest in Joseph's tomb as mentioned above.
The Day of Preparation
As a result, the burial of Jesus took place in the late afternoon on the Day of Preparation. Although Matthew's narrative of Jesus' burial is fairly similar to Luke's, Matthew's version has more specific information. In addition, he agrees with Luke that Jesus' burial took place on a Friday afternoon. He adds that "after the hour had arrived, a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who was also himself a follower of Jesus, appeared" (Matthew 27:57). Please keep in mind that he arrived in the evening on a Friday.
The Interment of Jesus Christ by Matthew
Following that, the Apostle Matthew provides us with evidence to support this assertion, as he writes: "Now the following day, which followed the day of preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate" (Matthew 27:62). The Bible does not expressly state that the Chief Priests and Pharisees paid a visit to Pilate on the Sabbath, as we can see in the preceding verse.
However, it does it in a more indirect manner than the original source. Because Matthew informs us that they paid a visit to Pilate the day after the preparations took place, this is the case. That particular day is the Sabbath.
How was the Burial Place of Jesus Determined?
Because of the approach of the Sabbath day and the late hour of the day when Jesus Christ died, there was a great deal of urgency in procuring a burial location for him as soon as possible. Because it was the Jews' preparation day, and the sepulchre was close by, according to John, "they placed Jesus there because it was the Jews' preparation day" (John19:42). Consequently, Joseph and Nicodemus picked the location of Jesus' burial for three reasons. First and foremost, it was the most convenient location.
As for the second reason, this cave would serve as a temporary cemetery because it was late in the evening on Preparation Day.
He made use of his own personal grave, which he had prepared ahead of time for his own future funeral.
When Joseph recommended that they bury Jesus in his own burial, Nicodemus was clearly taken aback, to say the least.
The Jews have a straightforward approach to burial.
This practice of interment on the same day as death has been a Jewish tradition for thousands of years.
According to John – They Made Hasty Arrangements for the Burial of Jesus
The corpse of Jesus Christ was buried in a new tomb by these two hidden disciples of Jesus Christ. Nicodemus, who came to Jesus in the middle of the night, and Joseph of Arimathaea are the two men. "Now, in the spot where Jesus was crucified, there was a garden; and in the garden, there was a fresh sepulchre, in which no man had ever been put before" (John 19:41). Joseph was a wealthy guy who also happened to be an honorable counselor, a nice man, and a kind man. As a result, he was able to speak with Pilate face to face.
Pilate was delighted to give it to him.
In addition, Nicodemus arrived, who had initially arrived to the tomb of Jesus in the middle of the night, and who had brought a combination of myrrh and aloes, weighing around one hundred pounds (John 19:39).
" Then they took the corpse of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, according to the Jewish custom of burying" (John 19:39-40).
Where is the Burial Place of Jesus?
Jesus was crucified in a location known as "the site of a skull." This photo was taken at a garden near Jerusalem. In addition, there is a cave in the garden. Joseph excavated that cave for the purpose of burying himself. He and Nicodemus buried Jesus Christ in that cavern. "And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified," says the Bible.
"And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified" (Revelation 11:8). What was the location of Jesus' crucifixion? As stated in the Bible, Jesus was crucified and buried in the city of Jerusalem.
5 Reasons the Burial of Jesus is Important
There are a variety of reasons why the burial of Jesus Christ is significant. However, one of the most important is the fact that it is a real location. You are welcome to come and view it for yourself. It is not a fictitious location, but rather a genuine location. As a second point, having a physical burial site for Jesus Christ acts as an official witness and testament to his death. He actually passed away. The Jews did not bury him alive, as was customary at the time. Many others saw him being buried in the cave in the garden, and they all observed it.
And these witnesses are not disciples of Jesus, but rather members of the general public who have come forward.
Third, they would not let him to be taken down from the cross until they were convinced he was no longer alive.
Last but not least, the burial of Jesus Christ is important.
Some cultures might bury a person alive, but the Jews would not do so.
As a result, they buried Jesus Christ since he was no longer alive.
The burial of Jesus Christ is remarkable because it satisfies all of the prophecies that were made about it. It was also distinctive because of the way it unfolded, who was involved, and where it took place. Many nonbelievers still assume that Jesus' burial was a hoax, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. However, if this were the case, a large number of unrelated persons would need to corroborate in order to do this. The truth of the issue is that when Joseph and Nicodemus buried Jesus in the former's tomb, they didn't intend for it to be a permanent resting place for him.
So the ladies returned to their own homes.
The Details of Jesus' Burial Fulfilled Scripture
As a result, they noted the location so that they might return after the Sabbath to properly bury his remains. In the words of the Apostle Luke, "And the ladies who had come with him from Galilee followed after him and saw thesepulchres and the manner in which his body was placed" (Luke 23:55). They wanted to be certain that they knew exactly where they had dumped him before they left him. As a result, they would have an easier time finding him when they returned. As a result, they were completely unaware of what the Scriptures had to say about Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection until the day they intended to return to the tomb to "prepare" the corpse of Jesus for burial on the following day.
Remember how these two disciples had previously prepared Jesus' body for burial in accordance with Jewish customs before Jesus died?
See, for example, John 19:38-40. However, because they were not in close proximity to them, these ladies were completely oblivious of what these disciples had done to them. Finally, the burial of Jesus provided conclusive evidence that he had died.
What exactly is Pentecost? What is the significance of it to the Church
What impact has it had on the globe
Updated:2021-03-15 According to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus Christ was buried on Good Friday. The burial of Jesus Christ is a one-of-a-kind event. It differs from the norm on a variety of different levels. But, more importantly, where, when, and who handled his funeral arrangements, as well as the importance of his burial, are the characteristics that stand out. Luke, the Beloved Physician, claims to have discovered
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Every modern professional brewery uses conical fermenters. Why? Because the conical is a "uni-tank" which means that you can use it for primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and age the beer all within the same vessel. The steep walls of the cone force yeast and other sediment to the bottom of the tank, making it easy to separate wort from yeast without needing to transfer your wort. This means reduced risk of both bacterial contamination and also less risk of getting oxygen into your beer.
A conical fermenter is also better for your fermentation. It is a closed vessel, and the conical shape is ideal to ensure minimal contact between sediment and beer. You can transfer the wort without siphoning. You can even draw beer samples out using their removable bulb for measuring without disturbing the beer. You'll get a cleaner fermentation with less risk of oxidation and less risk of infection.
Height: 36.5″ with ball attached, Width: 14.75″ with wall mounting bolts.
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text:
Pelosi's Lie Is So Outrageous It Won An Award
U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
Sadly, almost all Americans expect politicians and elected officials – especially at the federal level – to be liars.
And, those pols and officials rarely prove the American people wrong as they often tell lies that even a three-year-old knows are falsehoods.
Still, even as low as the bar is for truth-telling in Washington, DC, it takes an absolute whopper to win an award for being the biggest liar in the nation's Capitol.
And now we know that, according to the Conservative Brief, that United States House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi – a California Democrat – is the biggest liar in DC.
As the Conservative Brief puts it:
"Congratulations are in order for House Speaker and California Rep. Nancy Pelosi who just won a, as the old man would say in "A Christmas Story," major award.
"Her claim that Joe Biden and the Democrats' "Build Back Better" plan would not cost anything has won the prestigious Wall Street Journal "Lie Of The Year," it reported on Monday." [emphasis added]
Further, as the Conservative Brief notes, based on CBO scoring, "…the Build Back Better bill would increase the deficit but a staggering $3 trillion over a decade with all of its entitlements." [emphasis added]
Tell us what you think? Email [email protected] and share your opinion about Nancy Pelosi. Do you think she's a liar? Do you think she's one of the biggest – if not the biggest – liars in all of Washington DC? Why or why not? What's the biggest lie you've ever heard a politician or elected official tell in your lifetime?
BREAKING: Dating Site Serial Killer Captured?


text:
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There's laughter in the background and he chuckles and murmurs something to someone in his surroundings. Then he politely says "I'm sorry, spending time with my family before I leave to go to Orlando, Florida for the Russell Athletic Bowl." I sensed he cherishes being around his family but also noticed how amped up and excited he was to get to Florida.
Darrien Howard is a senior defensive tackle for the West Virginia Mountaineers. Raised by his parents in Dayton, Ohio, he's the oldest sibling to three younger sisters and a brother. Howard stands 6'1″ 300 lbs. but is athletic than most defensive tackles in college football.
Howard displayed his athletic ability in college showing his quickness while moving 300 pound linemen out of the way. "My greatest attribute is getting to the ball," says Howard. "Another strong attribute I have is my passion for the game. I mean I play hard to the last whistle." It's evident that Howard walks the talk due to the fact that he not only get tackles for losses and at the line of scrimmage but you will see him five to ten yards out making a tackle on a wide receiver.
His quick hands paired with his nimbleness gives him an edge over most lineman. There have been plenty of times where Howard can be seen chasing down quarterbacks outside of the pocket from hashmark to hashmark making the tackle. This athleticism is not by accident. "A lot of my little league coaches would tell me how good my dad was back in the day," mentioned Howard. Darrell Howard played linebacker in high school and defensive back in college at the University of Akron. Howard credits his father for his success as an Mountaineer.
"See ball get ball is all my dad use to say." He was also coached by his father in little league. "Party at the ball is what my father used to teach us. I took that literally and still to this day it's party at the ball wherever the ball is." Like his father, Howard also played linebacker in high school before switching to defensive tackle when he got to West Virginia.
His mother also plays a part as a inspirational figure in his life. "My mother working 12 hours shifts just to get me in camp and so I can do what I wanted to do really inspires me and has me grateful for what she and my father has done in the past." Howard realizes the sacrifice they put in which keeps him focused and never settling but always pushing to the limit. It also helped him get through some adversity that stood in the way of his dream.
"It was a point where my grades weren't good enough in high school and I was going to have to go to [junior college]," remembers Howard. He quickly had to hone in and come to the conclusion that he couldn't just work hard at playing football but had to work just as hard at being a student.
Howard also went through a tough period when he first arrived at West Virginia and had a hard time getting playing time. Howard played only five games in a span of two seasons, yet he kept his composure and stayed poised. "That was really hard, that was a really tough time. I just kept telling myself that this is what I love to do so by any means do it," says Howard. "I told myself that I'm going to play my role and my time will come regardless. Just keep bettering myself during the process." Howard stayed in the weight room and and worked hard off the field. Howard also had to switch from linebacker to defensive tackle. "It wasn't as hard I thought, except learning new assignments from a different position. But I was good with my hands so I knew I could be successful," explained Howard.


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1. 2-piece, full port, flanged ends, ISO 5211 mounting pad.
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correction: bjork will be opening up for radiohead in toronto on april 12, not march 12. please adjust your day planners accordingly.
rumors are everywhere! the latest: a cleveland DJ announced on January 13 that radiohead would be on the lollapalooza 1998 bill. sheesh! also rumors of a washington d.c. and new york gig in april.
one last note: phil reportedly didn't return to the band's encore at the Fukuoka gig due to illness. we all hope that he is OK now.


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Pilgrimage to the holy mountain Nhlangakazi
Shembe Church ; Zulu (African people)--Religion, Marinovich african spirituality
Ekupakameni, KwaZulu-Natal. Vangeli or evangelists from the church leadership lead a 100,000 pilgrims leave the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe on a three day barefoot march to the holy mountain Nhlangakazi. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Pilgrimage to to the holy mountain Nhlangakazi
Ekupakameni, KwaZulu-Natal. Vangeli or evangelists from the church leadership lead a 100,000 pilgrims leave the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe, on a three day barefoot march to the holy mountain Nhlangakazi. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Holy pilgrimage
Nhlangakazi, KwaZulu-Natal. Vimbeni Shembe arrives at the top of the holy mountain of his great grandfather after 100,000 pilgrims made a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture. 17 August 1997.
Ekupakameni, KwaZulu-Natal. 100,000 pilgrims start a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Footprints mark the start of the annual pilgrimage to the holy mountain
Ekupakameni, KwaZulu-Natal. Footprints near the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe mark the start of the annual pilgrimage to the holy mountain. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
KwaZulu-Natal. Church members led by elders carrying the objects that belonged to the founder and the Ark of the Covenant, make their way towards the holy mountain followed by 100,000 pilgrims who made a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Ekupakameni, KwaZulu-Natal. Church leaders and Vangeli or evangelists carry the 'Ark of the Covenant' and objects that belonged to the founder and lead 100,000 pilgrims start a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Nhlangakazi, KwaZulu-Natal. Vimbeni Shembe arrives at slopes of the holy mountain of his great grandfather after 100,000 pilgrims made a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
KwaZulu-Natal. Church members led by elders carrying the objects that belonged to the founder and the 'Ark of the Covenant', make their way towards the holy mountain followed by 100,000 pilgrims who made a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Pilgrims beginning their pilgrimage
Ekupakameni, KwaZulu-Natal. 100,000 pilgrims start a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe Church. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Nhlangakazi, KwaZulu-Natal. Church leaders and Vangeli or evangelists carry the 'Ark of the Covenant' and objects that belonged to the founder and lead 100,000 pilgrims start a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Pilgrimage to the holy mountain
KwaZulu-Natal. Church members led by elders carrying the objects that belonged to the founder and the 'Ark of the Covenant', make their way towards the holy mountain followed by 100,000 pilgrims who made a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe Church. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Pilgrimage to to the holy mountain of Nhlangakazi
KwaZulu-Natal. Church elders at the top of the flat-topped mountain Nhlangakazi after over a 100,000 pilgrims of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe, walked for three days, barefoot, to the holy mountain Nhlangakazi. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
Pilgrimage to the holy mountain of Nhlangakazi
KwaZulu-Natal. Church members start the journey to the top of the holy mountain Nhlangakazi. 100,000 pilgrims made a three day barefoot walk from the headquarters of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.
1997. Members of the Nazareth Baptist Church, or Shembe, on their pilgrimage from the church headquarters at Inanda to the holy mountain of Nhlangakazi, in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. The walk is done barefoot and takes three days as the founders divinely inspired route is retraced. Shembe is a staunchly traditionalist Zulu cult that was founded in 1913 by Isaiah Shembe after a vision. Their beliefs are a mix of Old and New Testament and the ancestral veneration of traditional Zulu culture.


During the Boot Camp program, students take a trip to nearby Columbus, with visits to several companies and an alumni networking event.
Denison's Career Readiness Boot Camp takes you from "zero to hero" in just three days. You will learn how to articulate your unique value; how to present yourself through resumes, cover letters and interviews; and how to network, both in person and via technology.
You'll also take a First Look trip to Columbus, with visits to several companies and an alumni networking event.
On the first day, you will join a small group led by a career coach, then you'll participate in several workshops on writing resumes and cover letters, networking, creating LinkedIn profiles, interviewing, and more.
You'll learn how to access Handshake, LinkedIn, and Wisr, technologies. And you'll complete a self-assessment, write an elevator pitch, and learn great interviewing techniques through CRISP.
The second day is spent off-campus, in Columbus, Ohio; the nation's 14th largest city, the home of global business and industries, and a hub of entrepreneurs and start-ups. You'll visit several companies in different fields — and might even end the day at a networking event with local alumni.
On the final day, you'll apply what you've learned over the past two days. You'll practice mock interviews, polish your resume, and write cover letters to companies that interest you.
Students have said that three days in Boot Camp increased their confidence — you'll be more confident too, as you move through your career exploration journey.
Breakfast, lunch and dinner are provided each day.
Students are housed on the Denison campus.
Ask your career counselor how to sign up for the next Boot Camp session.


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text:
A hadügy egy adott állam hadseregének, fegyveres erőinek (tágabb értelemben támadó katonai vagy honvédelmi képességeinek) kialakítására, megszervezésére, vezetésére vonatkozó intézmények és intézkedések összessége az adott ország nemzeti katonai stratégiájának, hadügyi alapelveinek megfelelően. A hadüggyel foglalkozó kormányzati szervezet a hadügyminisztérium, amelynek vezetője a hadügyminiszter

A hadügy magában foglalja a hadügyminisztérium, az alárendelt szervezetek, illetve a fegyveres erők szervezetének, felszerelésének, vezetésének, tevékenységük módjainak meghatározását, illetve szerepük meghatározását a kormányzat politikai céljainak elérésében. A hadügyi területet Magyarországon a 2004. évi CV. törvény szabályozza, amely kimondja: "A honvédelem nemzeti ügy" és a honvédelemre való felkészülésben és a honvédelmi feladatok végrehajtásában az állami szervek, a gazdálkodó szervek és a lakosság is részt vesz. Ez a törvény szabályozza a honvédelemmel kapcsolatos kötelezettségeket, a honvédelmi feladatok végrehajtásában részt vevő szervek feladatait, a honvédelem irányításának szervezeti rendjét, a Magyar Honvédség feladatait és szabályait, illetve a háborús helyzetekre vonatkozó különleges szabályokat.

Napjainkban jelentős változások zajlanak a hadügy minden területén, amelyet a 20. század végének politikai, társadalmi és technológiai változásai indítottak el. A hadügy "forradalma" alapvető változásokat hozott nemcsak a hadviselésben, a fegyveres konfliktus megvívásában, hanem a haderő vezetésének, szervezésének, irányításának terén is.

Eredete
A hadsereg, katonaság, hadviselés jelentésű had, hod és az ügy szóból alakult ki, változatai a hadi mesterség, hadi tudomány. Ma a hadtudomány és a hadügy jelentése eltér, hiszen előbbi a hadviselés elméleti oldalát takarja, míg utóbbi a hadtudomány által (is) kialakított elvek, elméletek, elképzelések alapján a hadviselés gyakorlati megvalósítását is takarja.

Története
A hadügy kialakulása, fejlődése párhuzamosan zajlott le a hadviselés történetével, a támadó és védekező fegyverek, illetve azok alkalmazásának fejlődésével, ezt a területet részletesen a hadtörténet vizsgálja. Legegyszerűbb formájában a hadügy mindenki ügye volt, hiszen a legelső közösségekben minden fiú és férfi hadköteles volt, azaz harcba kellett szállnia a közösségért, legtöbbször saját fegyvereivel.

Az első városok, majd államok kialakulásával együtt a hadügy központi feladat lett, végrehajtása külön társadalmi rend (a katonaság) feladata lett, és a lakosság nagy része csak a katonaság ellátásával, illetve katonai szolgálattal vette ki részét a hadügyből. Ekkor a hadsereg megszervezésének, felszerelésének, alkalmazási elveinek meghatározása, illetve a konkrét hadviselés feladata nem vált ketté, mindkettő az uralkodó osztály felelőssége volt.

A két terület különválásának egyik első példája a görög városállamok között látható, pl. Spártában a görög sötét kor folyamán került sor a baszileuszok (korábban király és hadvezér) hatalmát a megerősödő arisztokrácia néhány kivétellel teljesen formálissá tette, a hadvezetési feladatot meghagyva nekik, míg a közügyekről (beleértve a hadsereg megszervezését és felszerelését) az arisztokrácia a saját soraiból meghatározott időre választott vezetők által döntött. Az ókori Róma története során figyelhető meg, hogy az állam az expanzív politikának rendelte alá az egész hadszervezetet, ennek megfelelően alakítva és átalakítva az emberanyag-utánpótlást, a kiképzést, a fegyverkezést, a harcászati-hadászati gondolkodást, a szállítási rendszert (pl. római hadiutak). A római köztársasági kor idején sikeres volt a hadügy és a hadvezetés szétválasztása, de a köztársaság válsága és a császárság kialakulása ezt a kettősséget ismét eltüntette.

A Római Birodalom bukása után a kialakuló germán államokban a hadügy ismét néphadsereg jellegű volt, hiszen minden fegyverképes polgárnak általános hadkötelezettsége volt. A középkor folyamán ezt felváltotta a hűbéres csapatok intézménye és a lovagrendszer. A honfoglaló magyarok esetében a hadügy alapját a 7 törzs és a 108 nemzetség adta - háború esetén a családok fegyverforgató tagjai a nemzetségfő köré gyűltek, akik a törzsfő irányítása alatt vezették csapataikat.

Hadügyi forradalom
Hadtörténeti kutatások alapján a haderők szervezete, fegyverzete, tevékenysége nem mindig lineárisan fejlődik, hanem a társadalmi-politikai-gazdasági-kulturális változások eredményeként időnként ugrásszerű változásokon megy keresztül, ezt nevezik a hadügy forradalmának. A kutatások alapján három ilyen időszakot különböztettek meg eddig:
 a 14-17. században előbb a hosszú íj, a majd puskapor feltalálása és tömeges alkalmazása vezetett az addig uralkodó lovagi harcmodor végleges eltűnéséhez, majd az erődítmények megjelenéséhez
a 18-19. századra tehető a tengeri hadviselés kezdete, majd a francia forradalom és az ipari forradalom kihatásai, a tömeghadseregek megjelenése
 a 20. században az első, majd a második világháború és hatásai, a légierő és a hadászati légi hadviselés, valamint a tengeralattjáró-háború, a harckocsik és páncélozott járművek elterjedése, a nukleáris fegyverek megjelenése, a gerilla-hadviselés

A 20. század végén és napjainkban zajlik a hadügy negyedik forradalma, amely az első öbölháború idején kezdődött és azóta is tart. Ennek jellegzetessége, hogy egy világméretű nukleáris háború esélye lecsökkent, de megnőtt a korlátozott, helyi konfliktusok lehetősége, együtt a fegyveres konfliktus változó, előre nehezen kiszámítható jellegével, megjelenési formáival. Ezzel párhuzamosan a magasan fejlett technológia lehetővé teszi korábban nem ismert fegyverek, fegyverrendszerek (pl. pilóta nélküli repülőgépek, GPS irányítású bombák) bevetését. A jelen kori hadügyi forradalom szükségessé teszi új technikák, doktrínák, új szervezetek és új eljárások széles körű kialakítását és alkalmazását.

A hadügy területei

A haderő irányításának módja
A fegyveres szervezetek jellegzetességei miatt hierarchikus irányítási rendszerre van szükség a haderő feladatainak végrehajtása során. A hierarchia csúcspontját általában az adott állam politikai berendezkedése határozza meg: demokráciában ez a parlament vagy más választott népképviseleti szerv, amely elrendelheti a hadiállapotot, kinevezheti a hadsereg parancsnokát és felhatalmazást adhat annak bevetésére. Autokratikus berendezkedés esetén az államfő (király, császár, diktátor vagy éppen katonai tanács) rendelkezik ezekről.

Hadkiegészítés módja
A hadkiegészítés azzal a kérdéssel foglalkozik, hogyan lehet megfelelő utánpótlást biztosítani a fegyveres erőknek. Ez történhet hivatásos katonaság igénybevételével (állandó haderő vagy idegen zsoldosok által), népi hadsereg vagy általános hadkötelezettség útján. Az utóbbi modell esetén az állami szervek egyik jelentős feladata a hadköteles lakosság nyilvántartása.

Kiképzés
A hadban álló katonák és az utánpótlás kiképzése jellemzően békeidőben végrehajtott feladat. A kiképzés célja, hogy a katonák elsajátítsák a fegyverzet használatát, kötelékben és egyéni harcban való részvételt, illetve általános katonai ismereteket, készségeket, jártasságokat (pl. térképolvasás, fegyverkarbantartás), illetve "összekovácsolódjanak", azaz kialakuljon az egyének között a csapatszellem.

A katonai kiképzés egyik szélsőséges példája volt az ókori Spárta, ahol a fiatal fiúk nevelésének minden lépése a hadviselés szolgálatában állt, legfőbb célja az állandó harci készenlétre való felkészítés volt

A haderő felépítése, fegyvernemek
A hadügy egyik kiemelten fontos feladata annak meghatározása, hogy az állam hadereje milyen részekből álljon. Kezdetben ez csak a gyalogság és a lovasság közötti egyensúly megteremtését jelentette, de a haditechnika fejlődésével az egyes fegyvernemek is differenciálódtak (könnyű és nehézlovasság, könnyű és nehéz gyalogos, távolsági fegyverrel vagy közelharcra alkalmas fegyverrel felszerelt alakulatok stb). Már az ókorban megjelent egy új fegyvernem, a haditengerészet, amely elsősorban a görögöknél, illetve később a Brit Birodalom esetén jelentette a haderő elsődleges alkotóelemét, míg a kontinentális országok inkább a szárazföldi hadsereget fejlesztették. A puskapor megjelenése nemcsak a katonák egyéni fegyverzetét befolyásolta, hanem lehetővé tette a tüzérség megjelenését is.

Az első világháború alatt jelent meg és indult fejlődésnek egy új fegyvernem, a légierő, illetve jelentek meg tömegesen a felszín alatti haditengerészeti egységek, a tengeralattjárók. Az első világháború végén jelentek meg, de csak a második világháborúban terjedtek el széles körben a harckocsik és a gépesített alakulatok, majd a világháború után került sor a stratégiai rakétacsapatok, mint új fegyvernem megjelenésére.

A modern haderők tehát szárazföldi, légi és tengeri komponensből állhatnak és a hadügy feladata annak meghatározása, hogy melyik komponenst milyen mértékben fejlesztik.

Fegyverzet, technológia
A hadügy egyik kiemelkedően jelentős területe az új fegyverzetek, harcrendszerek, technológiák kutatása, fejlesztése és rendszerbe állítása, illetve a meglévő fegyverrendszerek karbantartása és korszerűsítése. Mindehhez szükséges a megfelelő kutatás-fejlesztési háttér kiépítése, a haditechnikai kutatások finanszírozásának megszervezése, az új fegyverek rendszeresítése és beillesztése a fegyveres erők már létező rendszerébe. Majdnem minden ország fenntart valamekkora hadiipari kapacitást, akár csak a meglévő rendszerek karbantartása érdekében.

Irányítás, hadvezetés
A hadügy egyik részterülete a fegyveres erők alkalmazásának kutatása, különféle doktrínák kidolgozása, amely alapot ad a haderő megszervezéséhez, kiképzéséhez, felszereléséhez és tényleges alkalmazásához. A katonai parancsnoki-irányítási, információs rendszerek kiépítése szintén fontos hadügyi feladat.

Jegyzetek

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
Hadtudomány
11. századi magyar külkapcsolatok és hadügy
Magyarország honvédelmi minisztereinek listája

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Great Lakes Aquatic Invasive Species
Scientists estimate the Great Lakes have been invaded by more than 180 species.
Asian Carp Asian carp. © The Nature Conservancy (Mark Godfrey)
Invasive species have an impact on every system here and cost more than $200 million annually in lost revenue and prevention strategies.
Aquatic invasive species may be the most significant threat to the health of the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes Project will collaborate with universities, funders and state and federal agencies to:
Prevent the arrival and spread of new aquatic invasive species.
Detect and eradicate newly arrived aquatic invasive species before they get a foothold in the Great Lakes.
Give natives species a competitive advantage through pest management techniques.
Influence policy by providing information about the highest-risk species to state and federal agencies, and help decision-makers understand the economic and ecologic trade-offs to craft more effective policies.
While aquatic invasive species have irrevocably changed the Great Lakes, we are taking steps to stem new introductions, contain new arrivals from becoming established and minimize the impact of those aquatic invasive species that are here to stay. A stronger, more resilient Great Lakes ecosystem is one of the most powerful weapons we have against aquatic invasive species.
Mapping the Spread of AIS
Eurasian Ruffe View this animation showing the spread of the eurasian ruffe in the Great Lakes region.
Silver Carp View this animation showing the spread of the silver carp in the Great Lakes region.
Zebra Mussels Watch this animation showing the spread of zebra mussels in the Great Lakes region.
Round Goby View this animation showing the spread of the round goby in the Great Lakes region.
Black Carp Watch this animation showing the spread of the black carp in the Great Lakes region.
Sea Lamprey Watch this animation showing the spread of the sea lamprey in the Great Lakes region.
The Nature Conservancy is working to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species in the Great Lakes region and beyond. There are many ways aquatic invasive species are introduced into new habitats. By understanding how invasive species can move from place to place, we can work to prevent the next big invasion in the Great Lakes.
Waterway Connections
The places where waterways connect are vulnerable to the movement of aquatic invasive species. The Great Lakes are connected to many other watersheds, such as the Mississippi River basin, through natural or artificial connections. By focusing on the these connections, we can protect them and stop the two-way movement of aquatic invasive species.
Organisms in Trade
Live organisms are sold in pet stores, aquariums and bait shops have the potential to become an invasive species.
Picking out a new fish for your aquarium or visiting your local bait shop before a fishing trip may seem like a harmless excursion. But the pet and aquarium industry, nursery and water garden outlets, aquaculture and live bait shops are a major focus for preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species through the trade in live organisms.
These industries may import or sell live plants, fish or animals that, when accidentally or deliberately released into the Great Lakes, can reproduce and become invasive. For example, a pet store may sell a non-native plant that looks beautiful in a home aquarium. But when the water from that home aquarium is emptied into a local river or stream, it carries that plant along with it, increasing the risk that this species could take root and become invasive in the Great Lakes.
We are partnering with the University of Notre Dame, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada to develop risk assessment tools that identify species likely to become invasive if released. We are also working with state and provincial agencies to build policy and legislative support for more consistent and protective regulations and to develop prohibited species lists based on scientifically-defensible methods.
Ballast water helps ships stabilize on the open ocean, but it can harbor aquatic invasive species.
In the last 60 years, maritime shipping has been the most prolific pathway of unintentional introduction of aquatic invasive species to the Great Lakes region, as it connects our freshwater communities with ports across the globe.
One frequent way that invasive species hitch a ride to new habitats is through a ship's ballast water. Ballast water is used by ships to maintain stability on the open ocean. They fill their ballast tanks with water at the start of their voyage—sometimes millions of gallons depending on the size of the vessel—and then release or exchange that water when they reach their final destination.
When these ships fill their ballast tanks, they often unintentionally harbor fish, plants, or microorganisms that are then transferred to a new environment when that water is discharged. For example: A Caspian Sea tanker dumped its ballast water—and the Eurasian zebra mussel—into the Great Lakes a little more than a decade ago. Now the tiny mussels threaten to smother 140 native mussel species, and waterfront industries, like dams and power plants, must pay billions in on-going maintenance to clear clogged pipes while passing the cost to consumers.
We are supporting efforts to implement protective state and federal ballast water treatment standards that require the rapid adoption of protective treatment systems and working with industry and the scientific community to identify pragmatic and protective management solutions.
Trailered Boats and Watercraft
When we move boats and watercraft by trailer, we can unintentionally spread aquatic invasive species.
Recreational boating is an important part of life on the Great Lakes. Unfortunately, invasive species can spread through our region by hitchhiking on trailered boats and other recreational water craft.
As boaters travel and move their vehicles between different bodies of water, invasive fish, plants and other organisms can cling to the hull, anchor, motor props, bilge – even the license plate on the trailer itself! Large boats aren't the only vehicles of transportation: invasive species can also be transported to new habitats on jet skis, wave runners, and non-motorized crafts such as canoes and kayaks. And while some species may be large enough to see and hand remove, other invasive microorganisms that travel on watercraft may be invisible to the naked eye.
We are working with others to eliminate this pathway by promoting the adoption of programs that prevent the inadvertent spread of invasive species through inspection and cleaning of boats and trailers. We are also partnering with university researchers to identify priority sites for surveillance.
One way to win the fight against non-native species is to recognize an invasion while it's small and stop it before it spreads. In some cases, the species may even be able to be removed entirely. This approach is often referred to as "early detection and rapid response," and good surveillance around the Great Lakes region plays a key in its effectiveness.
Existing surveillance techniques, however, are limited in their ability to detect aquatic species while populations are small and eradication is still possible. We are playing a critical role in the research and development of new tools for early detection of aquatic invasives and advising public agencies on rapid response efforts when new introductions are detected.
The Conservancy, the University of Notre Dame and others are:
Improving the effectiveness of government and community surveillance programs by developing and disseminating improved detection methods.
Designing and piloting innovative surveillance programs such as a Great Lakes Basin Asian carp environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring program.
Continuing surveillance efforts for invasive plants and invertebrates in inland lakes.
Contributing technical advice to improve the effectiveness of the Asian carp response plan.
Asian Carp Early Warning TNC and the University of Notre Dame confirm the validity of a new tool used to detect asian carp.
By developing the right policies, we can help protect the Great Lakes from aquatic invasive species.
The Great Lakes are shared waters, and invasive species can only be effectively managed through consistent, coordinated policies and management across all relevant state, provincial, and federal jurisdictions. The Conservancy is designing strategies to engage private and public constituencies in the development of regionally consistent policies and management of aquatic invasive species across the Great Lakes states and provinces.
A consistent approach is essential to stem new invasive introductions, prevent the establishment and spread of new arrivals, and minimize the impact of already abundant and widespread non-native species. The states, provinces, private citizens, and industries must act in unison, because the weakest link becomes the pathway for AIS to enter the Great Lakes. AIS is a shared problem and will require a shared solution.
Binational Agreement and Annex 6
The binational agreement between Canada and the U.S. addresses the many stressors affecting the Great Lakes, including aquatic invasive species.
Covering more than 94,000 square miles, the Great Lakes hold one-fifth of the world's surface freshwater. With shorelines that cross not only state, but national boundaries, conserving and protecting the Great Lakes requires system-wide cooperation between a number of diverse stakeholders.
For this reason, the United States and Canada came together in 1972 to sign the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA), a binational agreement to protect this precious natural resource. The initial intent was "to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the Great Lakes."
Much has changed since 1972. Climate change, aquatic invasive species, degraded coastlines and more threaten the health of our waters. After a three-year negotiation process, the agreement was amended in September 2012 to confront these new challenges. Annex 6 of the document specifically addresses the problem of aquatic invasive species and establishes a subcommittee, which The Nature Conservancy is part of, to develop a system-wide response.
Annex 6 outlines three main goals for the region: preventing the introduction of new aquatic invasive species, controlling the spread of existing species, and eradicating, where feasible, the species that are already present within the Great Lakes. To meet these goals, The Nature Conservancy and its partners will:
Develop species watch lists
Identify priority locations for surveillance
Develop monitoring protocols
Identify new invasive species
Coordinate response actions to new invasions
Establish barriers that prevent spread
Conduct education and outreach efforts
As with all of the initiatives the Conservancy takes part in, science and solid research will be the backbone of these efforts.
The GLWQA amendment entered into force on February 12, 2013, which means The Conservancy and other organizations are well underway to finding solutions and honor the commitments outlined in the agreement.


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Genre: Action, Comedy, Adventure
Run Time: 145 mins.
Starring: Tom Holland, Zendaya, Jake Gyllenhaal
Rating Content: Rated PG-13 for sci-fi action violence, some language and brief suggestive comments
Early ShowLate Show
The Lion King 3D
The Lion King Release Date: 18/07/2019
The Lion King 3D Release Date: 17/07/2019
Super 30 Release Date: 12/07/2019
Stuber Release Date: 11/07/2019
Yesterday Release Date: 10/07/2019
Crawl Release Date: 10/07/2019
Spider-Man: Far from Home 3D Release Date: 03/07/2019
Spider-Man: Far from Home Release Date: 03/07/2019
Midsommar Release Date: 03/07/2019
Escape Plan: The Extractors Release Date: 26/06/2019
Annabelle Comes Home Release Date: 26/06/2019
Toy Story 4 Release Date: 20/06/2019
Men in Black: International Release Date: 12/06/2019
The Secret Life of Pets 2 Release Date: 05/06/2019
Aladdin Release Date: 23/05/2019
John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum Release Date: 15/05/2019


A Closer Look at Using Kayaking and Camping Apps Smart phones and other mobile devices seem to have an endless applications designed to make life easier. Most smart phones have mobile GPS and navigation apps that can help travelers immensely, even in places where it can be difficult to navigate. This can be especially helpful for people who involved with adventure based activities like hiking, kayaking and camping. But the experienced outdoors enthusiast will surely tell you that these applications have their limits. In some cases, the apps will not work if you have no cell signal.In many cases a kayaking app with maps will not work if you are unable to get a signal. When you are kayaking on the Delaware River, for instance, in a remote gorge like the Delaware gap, you are going to need a kayaking app that will work no matter where you are going. Therefore, you will want to check out today's most recent and advanced kayaking apps that even offer maps and camping information. When kayaking the length of large and unfamiliar river, like the Delaware River, it is a good idea to always know about what is ahead of you on the river. When you have kayaking maps available to you on mobile device, you will always be able to access your position on the river and get a preview of what lies ahead, so you can prepare. If you are coming into a rapid that want to skip, you can take your kayaks ashore and walk that length of the river. There are kayakers who are injured in rivers and on deep woods camping trips every year. High quality kayaking apps can help you easily avoid danger, find safe camping accommodations and avoid injury on your next kayaking adventure trip.
When you are kayaking in a place like the Delaware River water gap, you will likely have a limited amount of vacation to spend doing it, which means that you will need to manage your time as wisely as possible to get the most out of your kayaking trip. Kayaking apps are designed for travelers who need the ability to manage all of their travel concerns while they are out in remote areas. You will also find that there are excellent kayaking apps that work offline, even when your phone can not find a signal.
If you are interested in learning more about how you can benefit from using a kayaking app, complete with maps and campsite information, the first thing you should do is visit the website of an app developer who creates helpful outdoor apps. By taking a moment to visit the website of a company that develops outdoors apps, you will be able to find out more about all of the features that the app offers, including how to use the kayaking maps and other features. To get started, all you need to do is perform a search engine search for a kayaking app with maps and campsite information.