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The AI in Health and Care Award: accelerating testing and evaluation of the most promising AI technologies
Published on January 30, 2020 and last updated on December 22, 2020 by Claire Portsmouth
The AHSN Network welcomes the launch of the new Artificial Intelligence (AI) Health and Care Award. This will make £140 million available over three years to accelerate the testing and evaluation of the most promising AI technologies that meet the strategic aims set out in the NHS Long Term Plan.
The Award is run by the Accelerated Access Collaborative (AAC), of which the AHSN Network is a key member, in partnership with NHSX and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
Guy Boersma, AHSN Network Digital & AI Executive Lead, commented: "We welcome the launch of this new fund to fast track the implementation of the most promising AI innovation into frontline care.
"It is an exciting development following the publication of our AI State of Nation report, supporting the creation of the Code of Conduct and now contributing to the distribution of funding to accelerate testing and evaluation of AI technologies.
"AI has the potential to address the many challenges impacting services today, such as those around workforce and the ageing population. As part of the Accelerated Access Collaborative, the AHSN Network looks forward to supporting this programme through the adoption and spread of AI across our strong research and innovation network."
About the AI in Health and Care Award
The Award will support technologies across the spectrum of development: from initial feasibility and conception through to initial NHS adoption and testing of the AI technology within clinical pathways.
Initially, it will focus on four key areas: screening, diagnosis, decision support and improving system efficiency.
The AI Award is part of the £250 million funding given by the Department for Health and Social Care to NHSX to establish an AI Lab aimed at improving the health and lives of patients. The Award forms a key part of the AAC's ambition to establish a globally leading testing infrastructure for innovation in the UK.
A call for applications for the Award will run at least twice a year through an open competition to identify appropriate AI technologies for support into the NHS.
The call for applications for the first Award is now open. A second call will be launched in summer this year.
First competition – application information
The application process for the first competition opened on 28 January 2020 and closes at 1.00pm on 4 March 2020. Applicants will be able to identify which phase they should apply for using the self-assessment criteria. Full details are available here.
Support from the AHSNs
Innovators interested in applying for the AI in Health and Care Award are encouraged to talk to their regional AHSN for advice and support. Find your nearest AHSN on our Innovation Exchange digital gateway here.
AI Event – 3 February 2020
The Accelerated Access Collaborative, NHSX and NIHR are holding an AI Event in London on 3 February. This will provide information about opportunities and support available to AI innovators and technologies at all stages of development.
Come to the event to find out more about the most recent developments and upcoming opportunities, hear about the experience of an SME developing an AI product in the NHS, and find out about organisations such as the AHSNs that can support collaborations. In addition, there will be the opportunity for networking and establishing new connections.
Book your place here.
A series of webinars are being organised to provide more information to potential applicants:
Initial information session: 31 January 2020, 11-12.00 Join here
Applicant Webex: 4 February 2020, 11:00-12:00 Join here
Applicant Webex: 11 February 2020, 11:00-12:00 Join here
Tagged accelerator, AHSN, digital, Digital Innovation, innovation, technology
In the quest for healthcare innovation, there is no Holy Grail.
Published on January 30, 2020 and last updated on May 30, 2020 by Claire Portsmouth
In the quest for healthcare innovation, there is no Holy Grail. Messiness prevails over methodology, and that's OK.
Health Innovation Network's Director of Patient Safety and Experience, Catherine Dale, and Deputy Clinical Director (Musculoskeletal) and Evaluation lead, Andrew Walker, debunk the myths and share the joys of a flexible approach when innovating in health.
As AHSNs, we're often asked 'What's your innovation methodology?', 'How do you do it?', 'What framework do you use?'. It can feel like a relentless search for some sort of Innovation Holy Grail. Take this cup, drink from it and thy team will be innovative forever more.
The reality is that simply transmitting a good idea does not work, no matter the time you will potentially release or the money associated with it. In terms of what does work, well, there isn't a single approach that will cut it. From the perspective of the person who has the good idea and wants others to use it, this can be deflating. But that's part of the issue. Innovation is traditionally looked at from the perspective of the innovator. If we stop looking at innovation from the perspective of the innovation or product and start looking at from the perspective of the local system that has to adopt the new idea, it's a lot easier to understand how scale up works in practice and what you really need to do to achieve true spread and adoption.
Step one – take everything you thought you knew about spreading innovation and challenge it.
Debunking the myths of spread
MYTH ONE: Data and evidence will win people over.
This myth is about the belief that if you present people with convincing enough evidence they will be persuaded to change what they do. There are multiple reasons why it is not as straightforward as that. Data and evidence are a starting point for discussion and evidence is justification for a solution, but this happens after the complex process of decision-making. Behavioural science informs us that increasing complexity of decision-making leads humans to take cognitive shortcuts also known as 'gut instinct': Does this feel good or bad? Do I like it or not like it?
Even when evidence is clear and strong, as humans our decisions are multi-faceted. This means that while resistance to new innovation does often result from resource issues or a lack of time to implement change, it can also come down to more complex behavioural factors.
MYTH TWO: 'Simple' innovation exists in healthcare.
While an idea itself may be simple, the act of spreading that innovation is always complex. Take the case of mobile ECG devices. These new mobile devices easily and quickly detect Atrial Fibrillation (AF), the most common type of irregular heartbeat, which is directly linked to higher risk of stroke. In 2018, we embarked on a project to roll these devices out across south London to detect more people at risk of AF and prevent strokes. The concept was simple and so was the device. It takes a matter of minutes and can be used in a range of settings, from primary care and pharmacies, to the home and workplace. But while the device was simple, the roll out was not.
Training was vital – particularly on communication when a positive finding is discovered. Consider the pharmacy setting. It's one thing to walk into a pharmacy to buy some shampoo. It's quite another to walk out having been told you have AF and have a high risk of stroke. Staff needed to be trained not only on the device but on how to deal with this situation, not to mention any IT aspects. As the devices went into more novel settings (mental health, podiatry, therapy teams), more AF was detected but the innovation became even more complex to spread successfully. Pathways needed redesigning to ensure that treatment followed detection. If you are tested in a GP surgery then there may be a GP on hand to initiate treatment, but if you are tested at work, a library or in a prison then the next step is more complicated.
What's easy to shout about as a no-brainer still involves enormous amounts of graft and change to make it work.
MYTH THREE: Innovation always saves time. We hosted a number of London-based Chief Nursing Officers recently for a conversation specifically focused on how digital innovation in healthcare could save them time. They called this out straight away. Taking the time to use new electronic record systems and document every single aspect of a patient's care properly will take their teams more time than previous suboptimal paper approaches, at least initially. Saving them time is not only a potentially unrealistic promise, it wasn't the main motivator for change for the nurses we spoke to. They were more interested in how it made care safer and enabled colleagues in other teams to access the data more easily.
This messiness of transformation, which is not unique to digital innovation, is often glossed over. New systems can be a step in the right direction but in the short-to-medium term may also create confusion. Even safety is nuanced. New innovations can reduce existing safety risks at the same time as bringing about new ones. Innovative new pathways or systems can solve one problem while unintentionally creating another for a different set of professionals or staff group. It takes time and effort to understand and address the knock-on effect of new innovations.
Messiness, models and methodologies
Innovation is complex. In healthcare it's never a linear journey. We don't stick to one methodology here at HIN and to pretend otherwise would be too simplistic. We do have a framework. Our approach is based on the insights of clinical academics in Implementation Science and NHS England's Change Model and these concepts underpin all our projects.
Our answer to the messy reality and the myths above is this: the detail of our approach is different every time. It depends on the unique circumstances facing the healthcare teams we are trying to support. Teams have their own set of barriers, enablers, level of knowledge, risk appetite, culture and funding mechanisms. Our silver bullet is our flexibility. Our expertise is our ability to analyse individual team scenarios, to collaborate and tailor our approach to their need. We don't look at the problem only from the perspective of the innovation or the product, we look at it from the perspective of the local system that will potentially use it.
When we start with the perspective of busy local teams, we are able to build trust, help in genuine ways rather than pushing products, and ultimately, affect change. This process is dynamic, iterative and nonlinear. In technical terms, it operates on a Complex Adaptive System model, which prioritises flexibility and agility. This is a new way of working for a lot of our partners, who are more familiar with having a clear project plan with fixed milestones and a clear route from A – B, and as such, part of our role is to help the system understand the complexity of implementing innovation so they don't get disheartened by the non-linear route. Insight (both data-driven and from experience), relationships, judgement and tenacity are some of the most important parts.
We don't stick to one methodology here at HIN and to pretend otherwise would be too simplistic.
The joys of persistence
Our responsiveness and agility may mean that we can't produce a perfect gant chart for every step of every project. But it works. Persistence pays huge dividends.
In the case of AF alone, as a national AHSN Network we've directly contributed to anticoagulation therapy being provided to 150,000 more people who are at high risk of a stroke. We've seen innovations and products adopted at scale: in just two years, an innovation that prevents cerebral palsy in pre-term labour has been adopted at 96% of maternity units – avoiding an estimated 24 cases of cerebral palsy with associated lifetime savings in health and social care costs of £19.6 million. In the same time period, an innovation for people with chronic hip and knee pain has spread from 50 to over 250 sites across England, a 5x increase in sites and a 15-fold increase in the number of patients benefiting – so far almost 8,000 people with osteoarthritis have taken part.
So perhaps the greatest and most dangerous myth of all is that innovation's complex, messy nature means that the NHS is not making fair progress. There may not be a Holy Grail, but every day, health and care teams are proving that they are inherently and passionately innovative. Their efforts are ensuring that people live well, for longer and that the NHS remains one of the greatest, most successfully spread innovations of all time.
Catherine Dale has nearly twenty years' experience in the NHS in London, including more than fifteen years in service improvement and transformation roles; a Masters in Business Psychology and expertise in Experience-Based Co-Design.
Andrew Walker is a physiotherapist by training and has a PhD in implementation science. Andrew's role involves helping to build the evidence and practice of implementing innovation and evidence-based interventions across health and care in south London (and across England). He is a Board member for the UK Implementation Society.
Read more about our approach to spread and adoption
Posted in Insight
ESCAPE-pain trains 1000 trainers
Published on October 24, 2019 and last updated on May 30, 2020 by Claire Portsmouth
ESCAPE-pain trains 1000 facilitators to help people living with osteoarthritis in boost to out-of-hospital care
By Professor Mike Hurley, Clinical Director MSK Programme, Health Innovation Network and creator of ESCAPE-pain.
If we are serious about achieving the goals of the NHS' Long Term Plan, physical activity should be prescribe-able on the NHS and we need to facilitate its delivery through leisure centre and community halls.
It is well documented that people in our communities are now living far longer but they are more likely to live with multiple long-term conditions. Osteoarthritis (chronic knee/hip pain) is a major cause of suffering, physical and mental ill-health in people in our country. It is estimated that in England 4.11 million people (18.2 percent of people aged over 45 years) have osteoarthritis of the knee and 2.46 million people (10.9 percent of people aged over 45 years) have osteoarthritis of the hip.
Typically, these patients are managed in primary care. Despite the risk of side effects and high costs, treatment for osteoarthritis is all too often the prescription of painkillers, typically non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with little to no practical support. Many people with these conditions mistakenly believe that physical activity will make their condition worse, when it can actually benefit them.
Physical activity and reduced pain
There is unequivocal evidence that physical activity can reduce pain, improve mobility and function, quality of life, makes people feel less depressed and gets people up, out and about, while simultaneously improving other health problems. Yet it can't be prescribed like a drug and there is limited access to this effective treatment inside the NHS.
ESCAPE-pain is an innovation that integrates self-management and coping strategies with an exercise regimen individualised for people living with osteoarthritis. It is an evidence-based, group rehabilitation programme, delivered to small groups of people twice a week, for six weeks (total 12 classes). It was adopted as a case study in NICE's Quality, Innovation, Productivity and Prevention programme [2013] and delivers the NICE core recommendations of exercise and education for the management of osteoarthritis.
The Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) identified ESCAPE-pain as a national programme for 2018-2020 and so currently all 15 AHSNs are supporting it across the country.
Originally facilitated by physiotherapists in hospital outpatient departments, in 2017 we moved to widen our pool of facilitators to include fitness and leisure centre instructors. We have now trained a total of over 1,000 people to facilitate this programme (629 clinicians and 380 fitness instructors). The widening of our approach to training; going beyond physiotherapists and into the leisure sector, has enabled the programme to be delivered at over 200 locations across the UK, including leisure centres and community halls, to over 4000 people.
Essential to reaching the millions more people who could benefit from this programme is having enough facilitators trained to deliver the it in local communities. Now that over 1000 people have been trained there is a trained facilitator of the programme in every region of England.
Delivering this programme in the community and outside of traditional hospital settings, is a great example of how we can deliver on the Long Term Plan's ambition to boost out-of-hospital care. I hope the success of this model is, as it could be, replicated in many other areas of care.
Got 30 minutes to learn more about the NHS Innovation landscape? Listen to our AHSN Network Innovation Exchange podcast in which NHS Clinical Director for Older People, Martin Vernon talks Healthy Ageing, featuring Prof Mike Hurley.
Or find out more about ESCAPE-pain and it's impact here or contact us at hin.southlondon@nhs.net to get involved.
Posted in Insight, News
World Mental Health Day: A story of a burning platform for change
A burning platform for change
By Breid O'Brien, HIN Director of Digital Transformation
Today is World Mental Health Day; a day observed by over 150 countries globally to raise awareness and reduce stigma around mental health. In the 17 years since the day was first conceived, society has come a long way in its understanding of mental health. However, even today, people with serious mental illness are still likely to die approximately 15-20 years earlier than other people.
So this World Mental Health Day we would like to highlight some of the incredible progress being made by mental health teams around the world, to bring about parity of esteem in this area by reflecting on a recent roundtable event we held to share learning internationally, where Martin Davis, a Clinical Nurse from New South Wales' Mental Health Emergency Care division (MHEC), presented on the successful implementation of a virtual consultation system in a rural and remote mental health setting in Australia.
This is a story of a small team that led the way. MHEC was kick started by a government cash injection at a time when the team needed to deliver a better, more cost-effective system of care to its rural and remote population in rural Australia. Before the MHEC service was introduced remote and rural ambulances (and often other emergency services) were transporting patients hundreds of miles just for an acute mental health assessment; taking them from the comfort of their home, family and friends when they were in a vulnerable state, and often leaving their hometown without any emergency provision. Imagine living somewhere where if there was a fire, there would be no one to put it out, simply because they are effectively acting as a patient taxi? Their situation provided a clear rationale for change – a burning platform, if you will. By using virtual consultations, they could save time, save money and deliver faster patient care.
Starting with an 1-800 number 12 years ago and progressing to an online video system just under a decade ago, MHEC now prides itself on answering calls within three rings, and being able to assess patients on a video call within an hour during daytime hours. The stats continue. Every year since its inception, they have saved the combined services over $1,000,000 AUD a year; and 80% of the patients they see are discharged back into their community within a day, a direct reversal of the 20% of patients who were able to go home under the previous system.
"All just geography"
Despite the obvious differences between MHEC's setting (their 'patch' is the size of Germany but has only 320,000 residents), and our urban south London area where almost three million people reside in an area a fraction of the size, when Martin shared his story the similarities were immediately apparent. In London we have a diverse population who speak an estimated 250 languages, requiring a need for numerous cultural sensitivities; the MHEC team have a large aboriginal population – almost 40% of their mental health in-patients identify as aboriginal.
Patients in New South Wales were having to travel miles away from their families to receive acute mental health care; we too have examples of this happening in acute mental health care in the UK, and while the distances in Australia may be greater, the impact on the patient and their family will be the same. The Australian health system also faces an increasing demand for acute mental services against a backdrop of challenges with staff recruitment; turns out, Julia Roberts had it right in Pretty Woman; it is "all just geography".
The question our roundtable guests discussed cut to the heart of the complexities of digital transformation: if we have so much in common, why, over a decade later, are we still not embracing virtual consultations in the same way that they are? Distance and cost were MHEC's burning platform, pushing them to make changes ten years ago that other services are only just catching up with. We seemingly are yet to find our burning platform, despite the pressures on our services and the progress being made in many areas.
As our roundtable participants moved the discussion on to the inevitable complexities of implementation, many of the usual barriers made an appearance; procurement, interoperability, money, time. But a few more situation-specific ones also livened the debate; what are the implications for information governance? How do you prevent reprisals of misdiagnosis? How do you train people to deliver virtual care? How do you ensure that changing a pathway won't affect patient safety? How do you empower your teams to step outside their role? How do you get buy-in from all the organisations needed to deliver the change?
The need for systems to talk
For Martin – and MHEC – all the barriers to change raised were not only a stark reminder of how far they have come, but also how much work is still to be done. We delved into the extensive stakeholder engagement the MHEC team undertook (they visited all the GP practises in person because face-to-face meetings achieved better buy in from clinicians – an irony that wasn't wasted on them), and listened to how the accountability process was redefined, before unveiling a key area of distinction between our two situations; how joined up their IT systems had become. A steely silence answered Martin's assumption that we'd managed to fix the interoperability of medical records in the 20 years since he'd served at Homerton, Enfield and the Royal Free. Sadly, Martin, we have not but it is high on the agenda of NHSX and others so perhaps this time we will.
And therein lies part of the problem. The collaborative nature required to implement the MHEC system between mental health, emergency departments, General Practitioners, community mental health teams and even the police (they have supplied local police with digital tablets to ensure they can get the virtual consultations to people in their own homes, not just the local emergency department) is a testament to the power of joined-up care systems, but working together was undoubtedly made simpler by the support of a joined up technology system, something the various LHRCEs are still working hard to crack.
From the discussion, it became clear however that no one issue of technology, procurement, change management, organisational boundaries or geography on its own poses enough of a barrier, but the cumulative effect of them all risks putting off too many commissioners, clinicians and managers from implementing digital transformation. The risk made all the more terrifying by the fear that it might go wrong and that safety could be compromised.
Martin was incredibly open and forthcoming about the fact that MHEC is not yet perfect. When they started the technology didn't work; not everyone was bought in to the system; it was not – and still isn't – an overnight success, but none of that mattered. They were trying something new that, at its heart, was trying to improve patient care and support emergency services to deliver better support to people in a mental health crisis, whilst also saving the overall system money. It is clear that really innovative organisations are willing to tolerate failure and see it as an opportunity for learning and doing things even better. Whilst we can't tolerate failure in terms of compromising patient safety, it does feel that perhaps sometimes this fear also stops us from implementing proven innovations. So why does the fact that something won't work perfectly first-time round make us in the NHS feel so uncomfortable? Perhaps this is our inherent fear of failure?
We heard from some present about the fabulous work they are doing to implement similar technology and different ways of working, however, to really impact care we need to do this at scale. And to achieve anything at scale, risks will have to be taken. Perhaps our burning platform is just not hot enough. Yet.
Breid O'Brien leads HIN's digital consultancy function. She has extensive improvement and digital transformation experience supported by a clinical and operational management background in acute care within the UK and Australia. She has supported major system level change and has a strong track record of delivering complex programmes of work whilst supporting collaboration across varied teams and organisations. With a Masters in Nursing, an MSc in Healthcare Informatics and as an IHI improvement Advisor, Breid is especially interested in the people, process and technology interface.
Posted in Mental Health, News, Patient Safety And Experience
Tagged Advice, digital, digital health, innovation, Mental Health
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Home/UK/Worzel Gummidge 2020
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The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who . Worzel, susan and john come across worzel's old friend, . All episodes of worzel gummidge are available on @bbciplayer linktr.ee/worzelgummidge. Crook in the title role of worzel brings a lovable, caring and slightly concerned air to the character while maintaining .
First Look Trailer Of Mackenzie Crook As Worzel Gummidge In Bbc Reboot Metro News from i.dailymail.co.uk
Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est. Shirley henderson stars as saucy nancy in the 2020 episode of worzel gummidge. Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who . When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. Crook in the title role of worzel brings a lovable, caring and slightly concerned air to the character while maintaining . All episodes of worzel gummidge are available on @bbciplayer linktr.ee/worzelgummidge. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020.
Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life.
When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. 2020 directed by mackenzie crook. Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est. Saucy nancy will air on bbc one on christmas eve. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020. Mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge, shirley henderson as saucy nancy, thierry wickens as john and india brown . Crook in the title role of worzel brings a lovable, caring and slightly concerned air to the character while maintaining . The official twitter of #worzelgummidge catch up on previous years adventures. Shirley henderson stars as saucy nancy in the 2020 episode of worzel gummidge. Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. Mackenzie crook brings his sentient scarecrow worzel gummidge back to our screens . The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who .
The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who . 2020 directed by mackenzie crook. Friday 18 december 2020 18:16. Shirley henderson stars as saucy nancy in the 2020 episode of worzel gummidge. Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est.
Worzel Gummidge 1 7 The Scarecrow Hop Fire Breathing Dimetrodon Time from firebreathingdimetrodon.files.wordpress.com
The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020. Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. 2020 directed by mackenzie crook. Crook in the title role of worzel brings a lovable, caring and slightly concerned air to the character while maintaining . Joining mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge on the cast are india brown as susan, thierry wickens as john, shirley . Friday 18 december 2020 18:16. All episodes of worzel gummidge are available on @bbciplayer linktr.ee/worzelgummidge.
The official twitter of #worzelgummidge catch up on previous years adventures.
Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est. Updated monday, 21st december 2020, 1:44 pm. Mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge, shirley henderson as saucy nancy, thierry wickens as john and india brown . Two orphans arrive at a farm who meet worzel and . The official twitter of #worzelgummidge catch up on previous years adventures. The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. Mackenzie crook brings his sentient scarecrow worzel gummidge back to our screens . Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who . Joining mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge on the cast are india brown as susan, thierry wickens as john, shirley . All episodes of worzel gummidge are available on @bbciplayer linktr.ee/worzelgummidge. When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020.
The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who . When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020. Shirley henderson stars as saucy nancy in the 2020 episode of worzel gummidge. Friday 18 december 2020 18:16.
Bbc S Worzel Gummidge Terrifies Viewers With Creepy Scarecrow That Looks Like Freddie Kruger Manchester Evening News from i2-prod.manchestereveningnews.co.uk
Updated monday, 21st december 2020, 1:44 pm. 2020 directed by mackenzie crook. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020. Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est. When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. Mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge, shirley henderson as saucy nancy, thierry wickens as john and india brown . The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. Saucy nancy will air on bbc one on christmas eve.
Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020.
2020 directed by mackenzie crook. Two orphans arrive at a farm who meet worzel and . Mackenzie crook brings his sentient scarecrow worzel gummidge back to our screens . Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020. The official twitter of #worzelgummidge catch up on previous years adventures. Crook in the title role of worzel brings a lovable, caring and slightly concerned air to the character while maintaining . Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est. When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. Friday 18 december 2020 18:16. Joining mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge on the cast are india brown as susan, thierry wickens as john, shirley . Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. Saucy nancy will air on bbc one on christmas eve.
Worzel Gummidge 2020. Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est. Worzel, susan and john come across worzel's old friend, . Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience. All episodes of worzel gummidge are available on @bbciplayer linktr.ee/worzelgummidge.
The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to worzel gummidge. Friday 18 december 2020 18:16.
Saucy nancy will air on bbc one on christmas eve. The first of two new worzel gummidge adventures coming to. Friday 18 december 2020 18:16.
Mackenzie crook as worzel gummidge, shirley henderson as saucy nancy, thierry wickens as john and india brown . 2020 directed by mackenzie crook. Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020.
Children's series about the adventures of worzel gummidge (mackenzie crook), a scarecrow who comes to life. Shirley henderson stars as saucy nancy in the 2020 episode of worzel gummidge. Thu 24 dec 2020 01.20 est.
Source: news4trafford.files.wordpress.com
Mackenzie crook brings his sentient scarecrow worzel gummidge back to our screens . Saucy nancy will air on bbc one on christmas eve. Two orphans arrive at a farm who meet worzel and .
Source: images.immediate.co.uk
Photo by worzel gummidge on december 26, 2020. All episodes of worzel gummidge are available on @bbciplayer linktr.ee/worzelgummidge. 2020 directed by mackenzie crook.
Source: tbivision.com
The character was previously portrayed by barbara windsor, who .
Source: i.dailymail.co.uk
Two orphans arrive at a farm who meet worzel and .
When mackenzie crook adapted worzel gummidge for 2019, it received critical acclaim and was a hit with audience.
aunt sally worzel gummidge 2020 worzel gummidge 2020 cast worzel gummidge 2020 characters worzel gummidge saucy nancy 2020 cast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SXSW Ends With Gunshots, Because America
By Zach Blumenfeld | March 21, 2016 | 9:58am
Movies News SXSW
What better way for 10 days of incredible displays of film, music and technology to end than for gunshots to be fired in the middle of a crowd?
Early yesterday morning, that's what happened at SXSW, as a shooter on Austin's bustling 6th Street fired two shots into the air and caused a panic. Fortunately, no one was hurt, and the Austin Police Department reported that they captured the suspect.
APD on scene at shots fired call at 6th and Trinity. Suspect fired rounds into air, no injuries. Suspect captured and gun recovered. WC 6
— Austin Police Dept (@Austin_Police) March 20, 2016
Check out video footage of the scene below—the shots ring out at 1:38—and notice that there already seems to be a commotion before the incident takes place. Whether or not the shots fired were related to the altercation remains a mystery.
Sadly, this isn't the first time something terrible has happened at SXSW: in 2014, a driver ran over a number of pedestrians on Red River St., killing two on the scene and wounding 23 others, two of whom later died of their injuries.
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Find Area of a Quadrant of a Circle.
Calculate the area of a Quadrant of that Circle.
So I know a Quadrant is a quarter of a circle.
So I first calculate the area of the circle.
I just realized that I was looking for a diameter not circumference. My mistake.
I figure it out I just did A = C^2 / 4 pi then divided by 4. All good.
Last edited by skipjack; November 5th, 2016 at 03:32 PM.
The answer should be 71.62 cm² (after rounding to 4 significant figures).


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Director: Garry Marshall (2016)
I haven't quite recovered my will to live after suffering this irredeemably awful comedy drama.
Along with Valentine's Day (2010) and New Year's Eve (2011), it's the third in a trilogy of wasted talent. Julia Roberts and Jennifer Aniston are the notable victims this time round.
None of the films are related except in being based around a particular date and involving an absence of entertainment for the audience.
Similarly this features a pitiful parade of self obsessed souls vaguely connected by unlikely coincidences.
Mother's Day is approaching and Aniston's divorcee is arguing with her newly remarried ex about custody of their kids on the big day. Intimidated by their hot young step mum, Sandy has joined a gym.
It's ran by a widower who is struggling to raise his kids. Jason Sudeikis is wildly miscast as the former marine master sergeant.
In an astonishingly misjudged attempt at inclusiveness, Kate Hudson's racist redneck parents are unaware of her mixed race marriage and their other daughter is gay.
Unfunny British stand up comic Jack Whitehall is suitably cast as an unfunny British stand up comic. His girlfriend with whom he has a baby is reluctant to marry him. Clever girl.
It's directed for want of a better description, by Garry Marshall, the person who helped propel Roberts to stardom in the superior in every way Pretty Woman (1990).
This feels like a big screen adaption of a much loathed TV show mistakenly released in to cinemas instead of being buried at midnight in an unmarked show business grave.
With nothing but contempt for its audience, this cheap looking collection of mawkish platitudes is shabbily conceived, woefully written and shoddily edited.
Plus it features the worst game of 'soccer' ever committed to celluloid.
Mother's Day is rare for being a female dominated movie headlined by two performers nearing 50 years old and supported by a third approaching 40.
This is exactly the sort of highly visible roles for older actresses which the industry, audiences and critics bemoan the lack of. The tragedy is in being an appallingly poor piece of work in which to showcase their talents.
Aniston and Roberts deliver typically professional performances of charm and warmth and no blame for this disaster can be landed at their feet. Their agents may need to carefully consider their futures.
While Roberts can look to her Oscar win for Erin Brockovich (2000) for consolation, Aniston's search for a film role worthy of her talent continues.
Roberts was reportedly paid $3 million for four days work for her role as television shopping channel host. I should have been paid at least as much for watching.
Easily the worst film of 2016.
Posted on June 7, 2016 by Chris Hunneysett Posted in 2016, comedy drama, review, romance Tagged Jack Whitehall, Jason Sudeikis, Julia Roberts, Kate Hudson, Mother's Day, movie review, Timothy Olyphant Leave a comment
Secret in Their Eyes
Director: Billy Ray (2016)
In my eyes there's far too little mystery in this plodding political pot boiler.
The star of 12 Years A Slave (2014) Chiwetel Ejiofor is now 13 years an investigator, that's the time his character Ray has spent hunting for a killer.
As talented as the public school educated British actor is, he fails to convince as a blue collar New York cop.
Ray's convinced he's found the man responsible for the murder of the daughter of former colleague Jess.
Julia Roberts performance has been described as 'brave', meaning she wears no make up.
To borrow Stephen Fry's ungentlemanly phrase from the Baftas, she looks, albeit intentionally, like a bag lady.
Nicole Kidman's glamorous District Attorney is reluctant to jeopardise her career by reopening the case on the basis Ray's flimsy evidence.
There are corruption, confessions, chases, interrogations, break ins and some waffle about baseball.
The story switches between two years, most of what happens in 2002 lacks tension and 2015 is too concerned with Ray trying to resolve a romantic obsession.
The top drawer cast are on great form and none disappoint as in turn they're granted the space to demonstrate their considerable ability.
But we're not terribly invested in the characters and the script isn't interested in the plot and moments of humour are misjudged as the cast strive to carry weighty themes.
Based on an Argentine film The Secret in Their Eyes (2009) it's been heavily retooled for the American market.
There's an effectively created mood of paranoia and uncertainty in the aftermath of 9/11.
Addressing the attacks' effect on the American psyche, the script demands the US bury its grief and stop feeling guilty over allowing it to occur.
Arguing the US must in future deliver swift and terminal justice to wrong doers is an insular and biblical view point which may play better across the pond than over here.
Posted on February 24, 2016 by Chris Hunneysett Posted in 2016, Crime thriller Tagged Chiwetel Ejiofor, Julia Roberts, movie review, Nicole Kidman, Secret in Their Eyes Leave a comment


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Home Politics & Laws
New Zealand attaches importance to ties with Việt Nam: PM Ardern
The Prime Minister pledged to continue support for Việt Nam to improve the quality of some fruits for better access to international markets.
President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc had a meeting with visiting New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern in Hà Nội on Monday. — VNA/VNS Photo Thống Nhất
HÀ NỘI — President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc received visiting New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern in Hà Nội on Monday.
Welcoming the guest, President Phúc expressed his belief that the first Việt Nam visit by Ardern, taking place from November 14-17, would make an important contribution to promoting the Strategic Partnership between the two nations.
He congratulated New Zealand on its post-pandemic recovery, which he said helped affirm its role and position in the region and the world at large.
The President took the occasion to thank New Zealand for its COVID-19 vaccine donations and financial support as well as continued provision of non-refundable aid to Việt Nam, saying they helped the country to recover from the pandemic.
Ardern expressed her joy at the strong development of bilateral ties, especially the upgrading of the relationship to a Strategic Partnership in 2020. She affirmed that New Zealand always attached importance to consolidating and developing relations with Việt Nam, a strategic partner of her country in ASEAN and the region.
Appreciating the outcomes of talks between Ardern and her Vietnamese counterpart Phạm Minh Chính, President Phúc suggested that the New Zealand PM pay attention to promoting cooperation between the two countries in the new situation, especially in the exchange of delegations and implementation of bilateral mechanisms.
The two sides should accelerate the implementation of the Action Plan to realise their strategic partnership for the 2021-2024 period; strengthen education-training cooperation, locality-to-locality connections and people-to-people exchanges, soon reopen seasonal direct flights, and support each other to improve the quality of agricultural products for export, he said.
Ardern affirmed that she would work closely with the Government and relevant agencies of Việt Nam to develop the two countries' Strategic Partnership in a deeper and more substantive and effective manner. She pledged to continue support for Việt Nam to improve the quality of some fruits for better access to international markets.
In addition to education, which is seen as the most important area in bilateral ties, the New Zealand PM agreed to promote cooperation in transportation, digital commerce and digital economy.
Regarding regional and international issues of mutual concern, Ardern emphasised that as a peace-loving country, New Zealand highly valued the settlement of disputes in the East Sea (known internationally as the South China Sea) via dialogue and peaceful measures in respect for international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. — VNS
Hoàng Sa exhibition centre affirms national sovereignty
Foreign minister details six priorities of diplomatic sector in 2023
PM inspects Tuyên Quang-Phú Thọ expressway project
Urban planning, management to be focus in 2023: construction minister
Paris Peace Accords: Looking back at past to treasure peace
Trades, ties on agenda as PM Chính meets New Zealand counterpart Jacinda Ardern
New Zealand always attaches importance to strengthening the relations with Việt Nam, one of its key strategic partners in ASEAN and the region, said Prime Minister Ardern.
Việt Nam enhances co-operation with US' Oregon State
President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc said Việt Nam attaches great importance to Oregon State as it was the leading economic, industrial, science-technology, clean technology centre of the United States and also home to many Vietnamese abroad.
PM Ardern's visit will begin a new phase of practical development: Party chief
Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng Trọng also said Việt Nam attaches importance to relations with New Zealand in its foreign policy, which has become a strategic partnership since 2020.
Việt Nam treasures Strategic Partnership with Germany: Party chief
Chancellor Scholz affirmed Germany treasures the bilateral Strategic Partnership, as well as Việt Nam's international role and position, including its role in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Việt Nam, Germany to expand cooperation in vocational training, professional human resources
The agreement was announced at a press briefing following discussions between PM Chính during Chancellor Scholz's official visit to Việt Nam.
PM attends 17th East Asia Summit in Cambodia
PM Chính stressed the need to prioritise promoting economic recovery based on sustainable development, open trade and smooth supply chains.
Vietnamese PM suggests cooperation priorities at ASEAN Global Dialogue
Participants exchanged multi-dimensional views on prospects and challenges to the global economy, impacts on the region, and ASEAN's vision and development orientations to ensure comprehensive recovery and lay the foundation for sustainable, resilient, and inclusive development.
German Chancellor begins official visit to Việt Nam
The German leader has been accompanied by Secretary of State and Federal Government Spokesman Steffen Hebestreit, Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action Franziska Brantner, German Ambassador to Vietnam Guido Hildner, the Chancellor's foreign policy and national security advisor Jens Ploetner, the Chancellor's economic policy advisor Steffen Meyer, among others.
New Zealand PM's Việt Nam visit to lift strategic partnership
Prime Minister of New Zealand Jacinda Ardern will make official visit to Việt Nam from November 14-17.


The Merits of Studying the Chinese Language In Beijing Nowadays.
As technology makes distance closer, learning several languages becomes a necessity for people to communicate with each other. To be able to interact with many people from different parts of the world it is vital to speak and understand their language. With a large group of people speaking Chinese, it is vital to study so that one can be able to interact with them. Although there are many places one can teach themselves to speak in Chinese, learning it from its capital city can be more enjoyable. Discussed below are some of the reasons one should study Chinese in Beijing.
Speaking the Chinese language outside the classroom with people who speak Chinese as their mother tongue can help to improve your communication. Majority of people living in this town speak the standard Chinese language. Interacting with Chinese native speakers, can help you to make good use of the skills you learned in class. Those living within your environment can help you to perfect your language by highlighting your errors and correcting them. In so doing you're also able to know many other words that have the same meaning as the one that you have used.
Life in Beijing is much more affordable as compared to European countries. Air ticket to China is also not as expensive as it is in other places. Studying in Beijing can also give you opportunities such as having your school fees paid which reduces the burden. Many students prefer living within areas that allow them to operate with their small budget as the majority are not working. By exploring several shops and hotels in China you can quickly get that which is within your budget allowing you to study comfortably.
Being able to understand their communication increases your chances of getting a job in many places. There are areas you may not be able to get a job if you do not understand the Chinese language. This gives you an added advantage compared to your colleagues who may not have learned Chinese. Also, the language helps you to be able to communicate with your colleagues if you got a job in China as the majority there prefer using the language. Failure to know this language in a community that is surrounded by Chinese speakers can make you feel like the odd one out and prevent you from participating in their discussions.
Out of the many cities in China Beijing is the capital city. In this city, there are so many people from other countries also coming to learn which can provide competition that makes learning enjoyable. In the capital city, you also get to learn about the Chinese way of life whose communication is carried out in the Chinese style. Realizing what they are doing and being able to take part in the activities will help you to understand them better.
Learning the Chinese language from the capital city can be a memorable experience that comes with many advantages.


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Municipal Aggregation
Home|History
History Brent Welborn 2017-02-10T18:16:11+00:00
A History of Scioto Township
Previous to April 16, 1803, Scioto Township existed under territorial authority for the convenience of the people in the adjustment of local affairs. Justices and other necessary civil officers were appointed by the governor. On the date above written, an act was passed by the State legislature, providing "That the associate judges of the court of common pleas, in each and every county within this State, shall meet on the tenth day of May next, at the places where courts are to be held, and shall proceed to lay out their counties, respectively, into a convenient number of townships." In accordance with the provisions of this law, existing boundaries were affirmed, changed or abandoned, according to the decisions of the judges, while some new organizations were effected. The second section of the act provided, further: "That the judges aforesaid shall, at the time and placed aforesaid, appoint to each township a proper number of justices of the peace, who shall be elected on the twenty first day of June, at such place in each township as the said judges may direct, agreeable to the provisions of an act entitled, `An act directing the mode of conducting elections.'
For more information on the history of Scioto Township, Ross County, Ohio, visit: http://history.rays-place.com/oh/ross/scioto.htm
The Scioto Township Cemeteries
Grandview Cemetery
Grandview Cemetery (originally spelled Grand View as two words) was established around 1841. The ground the cemetery stands on looks down upon the valleys of the Scioto River and Paint Creek, with a panoramic view of the city of Chillicothe. The land for Grandview was purchased outside of the city limits of Chillicothe in order to provide a more restful setting for the new cemetery; one of the burial grounds it replaced later became the site of a railroad depot. Many famous people, including Thomas Worthington, Edward Tiffin, and William Allen, all of whom were former Ohio governors, are buried in the cemetery.
Grandview Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
View the Mausoleum Brochure
Greenlawn cemetery is designated as the Scioto Township burial ground, and is located southeast of Chillicothe, and in plain sight from Grand View. It is a well kept ground, under the management of a competent and efficient board of directors. This ground was laid out since the establishment of Grand View, though interments had been made on the site, as a private burial place, previous to its being thrown open to the public.
Scioto Township Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1975, Chillicothe, Ohio 45601
© Copyright 2017 | Scioto Township, Ross County, Ohio | All Rights Reserved | Website Designed by Westside Media


The increase of violence and terrorism, which follows the medieval beliefs and potential force threats used by nations about territorial disputes have disturbed the connectivity imposing the economic growth of Southern-Asian countries, said today the Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj.
When the talk moves to disruption threat in connectivity at the meeting, Sushma said: "This originates and takes the most radical form from the increment of terrorism that has altered to keep pace with the technology updates." Therefore, we have to deal with the presence of cyber-attacks even as we put effort for violence which receives inspiration from medieval beliefs- she added to her comments.
Sushma, without pointing any particular country, said "Threat of use of force or direct use of the same by nations in territorial arguments is yet another source to be taken into consideration. Also, she said- India's confidence for creating larger regional cooperation logic will succeed if it goes over its vested interests".
India has been looking forward to improvising its connectivity among the SAARC countries.
This could be a key agreement to make sure India will see better connectivity among the bloc nations and could not be able to finalize in the SAARC summit conducted last year in Nepal because of the Pakistan's opposition.
In India, we bring to bear a co-operative more willingly than any one-sided approach- Swaraj said. Also, she said that we believe the development of a trusty environment and confidence is the requirement for creating the world where inter-connection will be achievable.
For the revival of Asia, the connectivity modernization has played a significant role, said the minister. The minister also said, "India itself is concerned whether it's regional, domestic or external and connectivity will have the privilege to identify how India will meet the promise of growth, prosperity, and employment." If both metaphorically and said, then India is a supporter of "Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas!"- She told.
Admiring PM Modi, Sushma said "Modi is an energetic, decisive and action-oriented leader who is in charge of India today. After he comes into power, the NDA govt. has brought some new purpose into the limelight for increasing the foreign policy". As a result, India today has become a natural participant in the most vital debates- she added to her comment.


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Translator and interpreter in Naples, Italy - Languages: Italian, Russian - ID: 62099 - Alice
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Asian deal for Cell Aquaculture
AUSTRALIA - Asia appears to be on the menu for Fremantle-based Cell Aquaculture Ltd after the company landed a deal to expand into this potentially lucrative market. The company signed a Heads of Agreement and received a deposit payment from the Terengganu Agrotech Development Corporation, an entity wholly owned and controlled by the Terengganu State Government in Malaysia, to form a joint venture company to establish a 500 ton per annum land based Cell production system. Cell will hold 30 per cent and TADC will hold 70 per cent of the issued capital in the joint venture company with execution of the formal agreement for the joint venture expected to be finalised in the coming weeks. Cell Aquaculture chairman Robert Sewell said that due to the high seafood consumption, Asia had always been on the company's radar. "A well developed relationship with TADC and the fact that they are a government body, gives us a great deal of comfort in progressing this venture," he said. <i>Source: WABusinessNews</i>


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RentFinder gives you the ability to easily see houses for rent in 77058 which are ready to rent and that are suited to your tastes. If you have little ones, for example, RentFinder will help you explore primary or secondary schools and youngster-friendly parks in the neighborhood by way of the right-side map on this web page. Are dogs or cats a part of your family unit? You can also hunt for pet-friendly sites. Perhaps it`s pizza that is crucial for you, know that you can easily look for a closeby pizza joint over on this web page`s right-hand portion also.
Once you`ve pared down your list to one final house for rent in 77058 that is perfect for you, be certain you find a day to check it out well before signing any type of agreement. Meaning that you`d be going to see the place in person, not simply taking a look at pics forwarded your way from the realtor or homeowner, or even seen on the net.
As soon as you`re ready to visit a home, take a look at the condition it is maintained in. Again, the homeowner typically oversees its upkeep and preservation, so if things are in lousy overall condition, it`s a hint to how things will probably be maintained when you decide to lease there. From the street, is the front yard and landscaping in good overall condition? Do you find any chipped paint or damaged walls? Are all of the lights and appliances in working order? Do the front and back entry ways lock or bolt firmly? It is also advisable to peek at the neighboring properties on the block. Despite the fact that they might belong to separate people, their visual appeal and general upkeep are very informing as to what the area is really like.
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Class C has been nominated for 6 Northwest Regional Emmys. Check out the nominations. We're off to Seattle for the ceremony that takes place on May 30th. Check back for pictures of Wally, Mark, Phil and Justin in tuxes.
~ by classcmovie on May 27, 2009.
This entry was posted on May 27, 2009 at 4:25 pm and is filed under Awards.You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Next: Class C wins two Emmy awards!


"It was constant dancing in those shoes. There was the point where my body told me 'absolutely not!'"
Timely TV decided to make a film that will assist in explaining why this is happening and how it can be prevented. This is the latest edition to the Timely TV's Teen Health Series.
Increasing numbers of young children are becoming sports-specific and training year-round to compete at a competitive level of play, putting them at risk. Instead of throwing the ball around with Dad in the backyard many adolescents spend the majority of their free time training at little league or attending specialty summer camps.
Timely TV has sought out experts in the field of orthopedic medicine and a number of elite high school as well as professional and coaches across the country to provide an in depth look at proper training techniques, the various types of injuries that occur, how to spot them, and how much practice is too much.
Overuse injuries aren't limited to a single sport or activity they can be seen every where: football, cheer leading, snowboarding, basketball, dance, tennis and track.
Any activity that could lead to a scholarship, professional career or the Olympics has the potential to create an environment where adolescents get hurt.
By overuse we're not referring to acute injuries like sprains or broken bones, but much more critical and chronic problems related to ligaments, tendons and severe concussions; damage from these types of injuries can be irrevocable preventing the young athlete from every doing what they love again.
'It's impossible for a 13-year-old to have this kind of wear and tear.' We've got an epidemic going on." Some parents, teens and coaches simply do not understand that the body of an adolescent simply cannot withstand the same amount of abuse as a professional adult.If you take a close look at those who coach adolescent activities across this country you'll notice its predominately volunteers and parents. The people who determine practice length, teach players training techniques and are there when someone is hurt are amateurs and have little to no real training themselves, which can have disastrous effects.
This film is needed now more then ever with more than 3.5 million children ages 14 and under suffering from sports- and recreation-related injuries each year and accounting for 21% of all the traumatic brain injuries among children in the United States. If you have a child who is an athlete or involved in any competitive activity, "Teenage Overuse Injuries" is a must see in order to have fun and stay safe.


Just what is your food made of, anyway? Try industrial synthesis, genetically modified mold secretions, hydrochloric acid, mercury-contaminated caustic soda, ferrocyanide… and, of course, lots of GMO corn.
If common ingredients like "citric acid" and "ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)" sound normal and familiar enough that you practically conjure up an image of the flourishing orchard they were grown in – then think again.
Picture instead an industrial factory, carrying out protocols developed in a lab, produced with enough winding nozzles, tanks, valves, pipes and other thinga-ma-jiggers to create a meandering and disorienting Dr. Seuss story. Because, after all, these common –nearly ubiquitous – ingredients don't come from where you might assume (i.e. simply, citrus fruits).
Instead, mass produced citric acid and ascorbic acid are hidden GMO ingredients that reportedly set off allergenic responses for some sensitive consumers. Further, both are known accomplices to the creation of benzene – a known human carcinogen – inside food and drink products alongside sodium benzoate.
Feel free to peruse these blogs and forums for complaints about citric acid from those allergic or intolerant to citric acid itself, mold & yeast and/or corn. Food intolerance to citric acid, or the components of its production, can trigger such symptoms as: stomach pain, reactions in the mouth, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, cramping, hives, dark circles under the eye and/or blotchy skin.
Nevertheless, most people are not allergic to citric acid, and have no identifiable negative effects from eating it. But it does serve as a poignant reminder that what we eat comes from food products – constructed as if from tinker toys, with multiple, highly processed ingredients that virtually no one would recognize and few know anything about.
Otto Von Bismarck famously quipped back in the 1800s that "Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made." But today there is an endless array of foods that would baffle or disgust consumers if they saw them made. Industrial food processes have rendered entire grocery stores filled with food products whose ingredients would be even less recognizable than the contents of sausage.
Citric acid is common enough to find in foods of virtually every kind, due to its use as a preservative – extending shelf life and preventing spoilage – as well as to enhance flavor with its acidic and slightly sour taste, which gives all manner of "natural"-ish and completely artificial foods and beverages a "refreshing" kick.Despite being a known hidden GMO, it is even frequently found in certified "Organic" foods – and the USDA and FDA allow it to be in there.
Citric acid isn't becoming a controversial foodie's food-to-avoid, but instead trending for its ability to bring out the pucker-inducing and tangy tastes in popular foods. It is increasingly celebrated for helping to bring a balance of "all five flavors" to countless restaurant dishes and prepackaged processed foods – indispensable to even celebrity and TV contestant chefs.
Like MSG, the widely used ingredient that enhances 'savory' flavors and induces cravings, citric acid is widely used not only as a preservative but as a "fairy dust of flavour amplification" by enhancing and intensifying other flavors present in the recipe.
MSG and citric acid are essentially enablers to modern America's food frenzy addiction – making even bland foods not just palatable and tasty, but downright delectable and captivating. With so many ingredients raising red flags, piling on sugar, synthetic chemicals and calories while contributing to obesity, diabetes, heart conditions and even cancer – MSG, citric acid and their peers make manufactured food products possible.
Both are used industrially to make even bland foods taste better and last longer on the shelf, regardless of nutritional value. But like many other common food additives, the science behind their production would probably take away from their (artificial) palate appeal.
Manufacturers and distributors of citric acid – as well as the larger food industry who use it as an ingredient in practically everything – benefit from the public's assumption that citric acid comes from fruit. While this natural appeal is frequently used in food marketing and product imagery (as this chemical manufacturer clearly does), the reality of large scale, mass production of citric acid bears little to no resemblance.
Ignorance-based marketing: This chemical company uses the "fresh" image of citrus fruit to market its citric acid – with no mention that it is most likely derived from genetically modified black mold grown on GMO corn syrup.
Citric acid does in fact occur naturally in citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, grapefruits in significant quantities… in fact, as a product of the Kreb's Cycle, it is present in most living things. But industry would find it simply too costly and… well, simple to derive their preservative ingredient that way.
Actually, a cornered citrus market was already making this form of citric acid too expensive by the mid-to-late 19th century, making an alternative economically desirable even then. Authors Michael Mattey and Bjorn Kristiansen argue in their introduction to Citric Acid Biotechnology that "the science, though important, is secondary to the economics and politics of production" of citric acid.
Instead, since the early 1900s, the black mold Aspergillus niger has been used to ferment starches to derive citric acid. In 1893, a chemist named C. Wehmer discovered that citric acid could be produced with penicillium mold and sugar. Wartime disruptions in the Italian citric acid market paved the way for full-scale industrial production, after a food chemist named James Currie discovered that Aspergillus niger was even more efficient at producing citric acid. Currie also developed new methods for fermentation, and Pfizer hired him and launched a plant in 1917 to mass produce citric acid grown from mold in a sugar medium. Currie's methods were also used by Pfizer to drastically increased the production of penicillin, credited with saving countless lives.
Today, it is not only true that nearly all citric acid is made through mold fermentation with GMO corn, but that it is produced by some of the biggest of Big Ag food producers, both in the U.S. and in China.
The three biggest domestic producers of citric acid – Archer Daniels Midland,Cargill and Tate & Lyle Americas (actually a British company) – have been recently involved in suits over import duties and trade turf against Chinese firms, including Shandong TTCA Biochemistry, battling for market share in America.
Think of all the times citric acid shows up on the ingredients label in things that you or those you love eat. We already know it isn't as simple as squeezing a lemon or lime, but what the hell is it, anyway?
• Gamma radiation has been used to modify strains of A. niger mutants, resulting in multiplied or increased production through genetic improvement.
• Further genetic modification in the lab has taken place through the engineering of the glycolytic pathway, resulting in a metabolic-streamlining that facilitates greater citric acid production from sugar, while shutting off side avenues ofglycolysis.
Further genetic modification and "improvement" of A. niger are an object of ongoing study and industrial practice.
- Producing the Sugar Medium: Nearly all industrial citric acid begins with a highly processed glucose corn syrup that is derived from corn wet milling (other parts of the corn residues go to other processes). Other industrial sources include beet sugar and cane molasses, and occasionally also fruit waste.
But it's hard to beat the economics of subsidized corn – the vast majority of which is the unlabeled, genetically modified, high starch (yellow dent #2) variety – that can synergistically contribute to ingredients like citric acid as well as ingredients like high fructose corn syrup, dextrose (corn sugar), maltodextrin, corn oil, corn meal, ascorbic acid (labeled as Vitamin C), MSG and other free glutamates (such as 'hydrolyzed vegetable protein'), malic acid, baking powder, vanilla, xantham gum and perhaps hundreds of others. Oftentimes, hydrochloric acid is employed in the corn-conversion process.
To transform corn or other plant starches into by-products that can be used to create these ingredients, some serious chemistry must be employed.
After wet milling corn to separate the starch, the production of many of these ingredients then involves a bath in strong bases, where lyes are used to break down the plant material further. Sometimes this means autolysis, when yeasts or bacteria ferment the material, and other times hydrolysis is used – which vary depending upon the type of additive, and the most efficient and cost effective established processes.
As with other common food ingredients, there is an ongoing issue with mercury cell technology – an outdated model still used in several major chlor-alkali plants – that have a known issue with mercury contamination during the application of caustic soda (to neutralize work with acids). Among hundreds of food ingredients that are potentially contaminated by mercury, studies show the three most common are high fructose corn syrup, sodium benzoate and, yep, citric acid.
Mercury cell chlor-alkali products are used to produce thousands of other products including food ingredients such as citric acid, sodium benzoate, and high fructose corn syrup. High fructose corn syrup is used in food products to enhance shelf life. A pilot study was conducted to determine if high fructose corn syrup contains mercury, a toxic metal historically used as an anti-microbial. High fructose corn syrup samples were collected from three different manufacturers and analyzed for total mercury. The samples were found to contain levels of mercury ranging from below a detection limit of 0.005 to 0.570 micrograms mercury per gram of high fructose corn syrup.
- Medium preparation: Various proprietary combinations of acids and heat areused to remove impurities and sterilize the corn syrup or other substrate, including: decationization (to alter the charge of ions), thermodynamic hexacyanoferrate clarification (pertaining to an ion exchange using an iron/cyanide compound) as well as boiling – that's right, they use cyanide.
Meanwhile, the sugar substrate is diluted in preparation for fermentation.
- Inoculation, itself a complicated step: Through a careful process, the spores or cultures of the fermenting agent is introduced, mixed and multiplied. In nearly all current industrial processes, a genetically modified mutant strain ofAspergillus niger (black mold) is then used to ferment the corn sugar syrup into citric acid over the course of several days.
- Careful control is applied to the pH of the mixture; in various modifications to the process, different types of acids (including hydrochloric acid) are used to increase the productivity of Aspergillus niger and prevent other unwanted products, such as oxalic acid. Subsequent genetically mutated strains of A. nigerhave been developed to allow the "non-production" of oxalic acid at a higher pH of 5 with the presence of manganese, whereas some production facilities have required a pH as low as 2 to prevent the formation of oxalic acid at the expense of citric acid production.
- Fermentation in the Reactor: The mold-glucose solution is fermented inside in an industrial reactor, generally constructed of stainless steel tanks or towers (tomitigate past manufacturing issues that have occurred in the industry with corrosion and leaching [p. 4 submerged process] and also contain manganese [useful in controlling the production of citric acid]). The reactor includes a sophisticated aeration system that maintains the desirable level of dissolved oxygen, which fluctuates during different stages of the fermentation process.
The process of fermentation leads to the catabolism of glucose sugar by theAspergillus niger, leading to its secretion of citric acid into the culture broth.
Spore levels, temperature and pH are all tweaked over the course of several hours or days as production of citric acid increases, peaks, then planes off.
Is anyone still with me here? We're not quite done!
- Calcium citrate precipitation: The fermented broth is neutralized by calcium hydroxide, converting/precipitating much of it to calcium citrate. This is then filtered out of the solution, and sulfuric acid is then used to convert the calcium citrate to citric acid and calcium sulfate. The calcium sulfate is filtered out and evaporation for crystallization begins.
The process is likely even more refined, specialized and high tech today. AWikispaces entry for Citric Acid describes putting the isolated citric acid through additional steps with "activated carbon, cation and anion exchange resins in fixed bed reactors" before evaporation. It then describes both a hot and cold process of crystallization, with the former producing //www.cargillfoods.com/wcm/groups/public/@cseg/@food/@all/documents/document/na3014920.pdf" target="_blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: none; list-style: none; border: 0px none; color: rgb(42, 165, 38); -webkit-transition: all 0.15s; transition: all 0.15s;">anhydrous citric acid, and the latter producing monohydrate citric acid.
- Finishing for Market: The products then can undergo centrifuging, fluidized bed drying and classification (by grain size) before reaching the market.
- Sodium Citrate: A related ingredient that is commonly used in foods as an acidulant, as citric acid is, and as an emulsifier in cheese products, is sodium citrate. It is typically created in the same facilities where citric acid is produced, by adding caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, a.k.a. lye) to citric acid, neutralizing it into a weaker citrate salt. Cargill, Archer Daniels Midland andTate & Lyle are all major producers of sodium citrate.
If the use of caustic soda involves a mercury-cell chlor-alkali plant (see above diagram), further mercury contamination could occur, though membrane-cell technology is replacing it in most plants.
Academic studies emerged in the early 1990s about a potent combination of ingredients that was frequently showing up in soft drinks, sports drinks and artificially flavored citrus beverages: the presence of sodium benzoate had the known potential to break down in benzene, a known human carcinogen, when in the presence of heat, or in particular, either citric acid or ascorbic acid. Studies proved that this could happen right inside the drink containers – while in transport, on store shelves or waiting for consumption in consumers' homes.
Yet nothing was done about it, until the scandal reemerged in 2005 when the FDA was confronted with studies conducted by a private citizen! Numerous European studies in Germany, Belgium and elsewhere backed up the data, and things slowly began to change.
Afterwards, many diet soda brands, sports drinks and citrus-flavored beverages voluntarily removed the troubling ingredient sodium benzoate (though some laughably replaced it only with potassium benzoate, which has the same potential to create benzene).
However, many other brands have done nothing at all, and the FDA allows them to continue using this dangerous mixture of ingredients, despite clear data on the matter. Foods and drinks containing the potentially harmful combination of sodium benzoate and citric acid can STILL be commonly found on store shelves, perhaps especially with generic brands.
Start reading ingredient labels on the brands that you shop for – and those you already know best to avoid – and take note of just how many products contain the hidden GMO ingredient citric acid. We recommend simplifying your diet by eating fresh produce – better if they are grown by someone you know/trust or are "organic" – and foods with as few ingredients as possible.
How many times have you glossed over this seemingly natural ingredient – despite the fact that it is a highly processed and synthetic food additive?
Sec. 173.280 Solvent extraction process for citric acid.
(a) The solvent used in the process consists of a mixture ofn- octyl alcohol meeting the requirements of 172.864 of this chapter, synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons meeting the requirements of 172.882 of this chapter, and tridodecyl amine.
(b) The component substances are used solely as a solvent mixture and in a manner that does not result in formation of products not present in conventionally produced citric acid.
(c) The citric acid so produced meets the specifications of the "Food Chemicals Codex," 3d Ed. (1981), pp. 86-87, which is incorporated by reference (Copies may be obtained from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. ), and the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon specifications of 173.165.
(d) Residues ofn- octyl alcohol and synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons are removed in accordance with good manufacturing practice. Current good manufacturing practice results in residues not exceeding 16 parts per million (ppm)n- octyl alcohol and 0.47 ppm synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons in citric acid.
(e) Tridodecyl amine may be present as a residue in citric acid at a level not to exceed 100 parts per billion.


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Our history in the stars Matter around a young star helps astronomers explore our stellar history Research news
Professor Shogo Tachibana from the UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science. Image: © 2019 Rohan Mehra - Division for Strategic Public Relations
Astronomers map the substance aluminum monoxide (AlO) in a cloud around a distant young star — Origin Source I. The finding clarifies some important details about how our solar system, and ultimately we, came to be. The cloud's limited distribution suggests AlO gas rapidly condenses to solid grains, which hints at what an early stage of our solar evolution looked like.
Professor Shogo Tachibana of the UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science has a passion for space. From small things like meteorites to enormous things like stars and nebulae — huge clouds of gas and dust in space — he is driven to explore our solar system's origins.
"I have always wondered about the evolution of our solar system, of what must have taken place all those billions of years ago," he said. "This question leads me to investigate the physics and chemistry of asteroids and meteorites."
Space rocks of all kinds greatly interest astronomers as these rocks can remain largely unchanged since the time our sun and planets formed from a swirling cloud of gas and dust. They contain records of the conditions at that time — generally considered to be 4.56 billion years ago — and their properties such as composition can tell us about these early conditions.
A small chondrite meteorite, just smaller than a golf ball, containing minerals rich in calcium and aluminum. Image: © 2019 Rohan Mehra - Division for Strategic Public Relations
"On my desk is a small piece of the Allende meteorite, which fell to Earth in 1969. It's mostly dark but there are some scattered white inclusions (foreign bodies enclosed in the rock), and these are important," continued Tachibana. "These speckles are calcium and aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), which were the first solid objects formed in our solar system."
Minerals present in CAIs indicate that our young solar system must have been extremely hot. Physical techniques for dating these minerals reveal a fairly specific age for the solar system. However, Tachibana and colleagues wished to expand on the details of this stage of evolution.
"There are no time machines to explore our own past, so we wanted to see a young star that could share traits with our own," said Tachibana. "With the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we found the emission lines — a chemical fingerprint — for AlO in outflows from the circumstellar disk (gas and dust surrounding a star) of the massive young star candidate Orion Source I. It's not exactly like our sun, but it's a good start."
The white inclusions called CAIs are among the oldest solid matter in the solar system. Image: © 2019 Rohan Mehra - Division for Strategic Public Relations
ALMA was the ideal tool as it offers extremely high resolution and sensitivity to reveal the distribution of AlO around the star. No other instrument can presently make such observations.
"Thanks to ALMA, we discovered the distribution of AlO around a young star for the first time. The distribution of AlO is limited to the hot region of the outflow from the disk. This implies that AlO rapidly condenses as solid grains — similar to CAIs in our solar system," explained Tachibana. "This data allows us to place tighter constraints on hypotheses that describe our own stellar evolution. But there's still much work to do."
The team now plans to explore gas and solid molecules around other stars to gather data useful to further refine solar system models.
The Orion Nebula where the distant young star Origin Source I resides. Image: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team
ALMA image showing AlO around the star at wavelengths of 497 gigahertz (left) and 650 gigahertz (right). Image: © 2019 Astrophysical Journal Letters/Shogo Tachibana
Shogo Tachibana, Takafumi Kamizuka, Tomoya Hirota, Nami Sakai, Yoko Oya, Aki Takigawa, and Satoshi Yamamoto, "Spatial distribution of AlO in a high mass protostar candidate Orion Source I," Astrophysical Journal Letters: April 24, 2019, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab1653.
Link (Publication , UTokyo Repository )
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