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Ode To The Properly Rated Ben Zobrist Edition
admin jdocvbfl September 30, 2019
It wasn't long ago that a career .265-ish hitter with some pop and a versatile glove was destined for cult status. (Think Ty Wigginton or Fernando Tatis.) And in a way, I suppose Ben Zobrist, whom the Kansas City Royals acquired Tuesday from the Oakland Athletics with an eye on Friday's trade deadline, has achieved just that. But here's the twist: The denomination that worships Zobrist most is the Church of Sabermetrics — coincidentally, a movement that has essentially taken over baseball in the past decade-plus. And that makes Zobrist a fascinating case study in how the right player with the right metrics at the right time can be elevated to stardom.There was little about Zobrist's early career that suggested breakout potential. He didn't make his major league debut until he was 25 years old, a good six years later than the Mike Trouts and Bryce Harpers of the world. Drafted out of college with the 184th overall pick in 2004, Zobrist hit well in the minors1His career minor-league OPS (on-base plus slugging) was .885. but was older than his peers at almost every stop along the way. He certainly never made any top prospect lists and did little to impress in his first two MLB seasons. And although he flashed signs of potential — an .844 OPS (on-base plus slugging) with good power — as a part-time player during the Tampa Bay Rays' magical 2008 World Series run, Zobrist wasn't a major league regular until the following season, at age 28.All he did that season was lead the American League in wins above replacement (WAR).2Among position players. Then, two years later, he did himself one better, leading the entire majors. Over the 2009-12 period, he topped all major league position-players in WAR. Before the 2013 season, you could have made a case — on the basis of sabermetric statistics, at least — that Zobrist's name belonged on the list of candidates for Best Player In Baseball, perhaps even at the top.WAR is Zobrist's best friend, its modular nature being well-suited to detecting the strengths of Zobrist's well-rounded game. Given Zobrist's versatility, it's no surprise that he fares best in a holistic metric whose components range from batting3Which uses Weighted Runs Created Plus (wRC+), that most advanced creature in the evolution of hitting metrics, as its basis. to baserunning, double-play avoidance, fielding quality by position and — perhaps most importantly — positional scarcity.Zobrist played eight different positions — everything but pitcher and catcher — for the Rays in 2009 and was better than average at darn near all of them. His defense alone added something like 2 to 2½ wins above average to Tampa Bay's ledger during his best years there. (Amazingly, there's even an argument to be made that WAR underrated Zobrist, because his position-switching theoretically freed up extra roster spots for his team.)Baseball scouts traditionally quantify a player's worth by grading his "tools" in five categories: hitting ability, power, running speed, fielding and arm strength. But we can give that toolbox a bit of a modern makeover, evaluating a player's core skills (contact- and power-hitting, plate patience, speed and defense4Measured, respectively, by strikeout rate, isolated power, walk rate, speed score and defensive WAR.) by setting his rate statistics relative to the league on a scale where 100 is average and 15 points represents one standard deviation of performance. After we do that, Zobrist shows up as one of the only "five-tool" players in MLB's post-World War II era:Traditional forms of evaluation don't properly appreciate a player like Zobrist. Even in his most valuable years, he hit just .268 with about 20 home runs and 85 RBIs per season. But with the growth and mainstream acceptance of sabermetrics, Zobrist came along at the right time for his particular mix of skills to be both comprehended and acknowledged. read more
A Belated Birthday Tribute To Wayne Gretzky And His Ridiculous Stats
admin qkhwjfmw September 30, 2019
7Billy HarrisF+8.1 On an individual basis, Gretzky's performance may never be topped — his next-closest active challenger by PSAR, Jaromir Jagr, would have to maintain his career rate of per-season production until age 50 just to catch The Great One. (Although … maybe we shouldn't completely rule out that possibility.) But we can't just leave it there — hockey is such a dynamic, free-flowing sport that a player's individual numbers don't always capture his contributions to victory.Some of that, as hockey quants have learned over the last decade or so, is due to the noise around infrequent events such as goals. Instead, on-ice shot margin (after adjusting for numerous contextual factors) is a sturdier gauge of team skill — and hence, an individual's ability to influence it is an important consideration in modern player evaluation. We don't have these fancy numbers for Gretzky's career, but we do know his teams were probably not dominating possession, deriving their high-scoring offense instead from a high shooting percentage.Which brings us to Gretzky's fabled ability to elevate the performance of his teammates. On a shot-by-shot basis, there's some evidence that Gretzky's otherworldly passing led to higher shooting percentages for his teammates than when they played without him. (At FiveThirtyEight, we've applied this with or without you — WOWY — technique before, to NFL wide receivers.) Among all players with at least 200 career adjusted assists, Gretzky ranks fifth in terms of hikes in teammates' shooting percentages3Indexed relative to the league average. while playing alongside him, compared with the rest of their careers.Current stathead thinking suggests that only the most transcendent of passers can help a team sustain a sky-high shooting percentage, and the bread crumbs of evidence are there to suggest a real Gretzky Effect on his teammates' numbers. Then again, it's not clear how much of that can be untangled from the shooting percentage machine that was the 1980s Edmonton Oilers overall. 8Kris LetangD+8.1 6Clark GilliesF+8.3 9Jari KurriF+7.8 2Paul CoffeyD+10.4 Source: Hockey-Reference.com 4Kevin LoweD+9.1 Lots of Oilers top the WOWY list 1Glenn AndersonF+10.7 5Wayne GretzkyF+8.3 3Charlie HuddyD+9.9 10Jim PappinF+7.5 Wayne Gretzky, widely considered to be the greatest player in NHL history — so widely, in fact, that even Boston homers have to admit it (however tongue-in-cheek the manner) — was born exactly 55 years (and a day) ago. That's really all the excuse we need to go spelunking in The Great One's statistical treasure chest.Hockey stats, even the "advanced" ones, are famously lo-fi; even still, there's a preponderance of evidence to confirm that Gretzky was far and away the most productive hockey player of all time. Yes, his teammates were outrageously talented. Yes, he played in an offensively inflated era, facing small goaltenders who employed archaic techniques. But even when we adjust Gretzky's numbers for the scoring environment in which they were produced, nobody generated more goals — particularly with his playmaking — than No. 99.One of my favorite stats in all of sports history is that Gretzky could be the NHL's all-time scoring leader even if he never scored a goal, on the basis of his assists alone. That's not quite true after adjusting his stats for the era — Gordie Howe's 2,190 adjusted points eclipses Gretzky's 1,717 adjusted assists — but the difference between Gretzky's adjusted helpers and those of No. 2 Howe is roughly the same as that between Howe and No. 28 Mats Sundin. The man's hockey sense and vision were unparalleled.To pull all of Gretzky's individual accomplishments together, I like to use my personal modification of Hockey-Reference.com's point shares, which I call point shares above replacement. (A modification is necessary because, as currently constructed, the distribution of PS between positions is all kinds of messed up. PSAR fixes that and essentially mirrors Hockey Prospectus's goals versus threshold, with the added benefit that it gets updated in-season.) Among modern1Going back to the 1950-51 season, the first season for which I have data. skaters, Gretzky is the career leader in PSAR by a mile — he beats No. 2 Ray Bourque by the equivalent of about 420 extra goals, or 60 to 70 wins. And compared with his fellow forwards, Gretzky laps the field to a degree that is even more striking:2In this chart, the "share" of a team's available ice time is the proportion of a team's minutes (from the 1998-99 season onward) or games played (1997-98 and earlier) at a position that a player played. In an individual season, it effectively acts as a percentage, but across years it can be added up as a cumulative measure of ice time, because every team divvies up roughly the same amount of playing time among its players each season. (It also serves as a way to normalize playing time across different schedule lengths — handy in case of season-shortening lockouts and the like.) PLAYERPOSWOWY Nos. 1 through 5 on the teammate shooting WOWY list all played for the Oilers during that era, so this might be more of a team stat, shared by linemates, than an individual metric. Further evidence: The Oilers collectively maintained a third-place finish in shooting percentage in 1988-89 (down only slightly from first in '87-88), despite Gretzky departing Edmonton for LA over the summer.All of this also assumes, perhaps incorrectly, that the state of today's hockey-analytics art can even be applied to the NHL of Gretzky's heyday. In the run-and-gun air hockey 1980s, Corsi was a player, not a metric, and the possession-is-king rule that guides today's enlightened clubs doesn't seem to have been as hard and fast. (For instance, Mario Lemieux's Pittsburgh Penguins, another incredibly high-scoring team, also defied what I estimated to be modest possession numbers by sustaining a high shooting percentage over a string of years.)All of this is why, between absent data and changes to the fabric of the sport, deep analysis of historical hockey is inherently limited, despite our best efforts. We'll never know Gretzky's zone start numbers or have a player usage chart for his record-shattering 215-point 1985-86 season. But we can appreciate what numbers we do have from his career — and nobody produced stats more glamorous than The Great One. read more
The Rams Went Shopping For A Super Bowl — And It Worked
admin sccuwgoz September 29, 2019
The Super Bowl-bound Los Angeles Rams are a fascinating exercise in modern NFL team-building. While their opponents in Atlanta, the dynastic New England Patriots, seldom break the bank for anybody other than quarterback Tom Brady — who has been under center for a record nine Super Bowls with the Pats — the Rams spent aggressively after the end of last season. They opened the pocketbook for homegrown stars such as Aaron Donald and Todd Gurley, who each signed massive extensions, and also made a handful of outside pickups, including Brandin Cooks, Ndamukong Suh, Marcus Peters, Aqib Talib and Dante Fowler Jr.All told, the spree left L.A. with 34 percent of its 2018 salary-cap dollars committed to returning veteran players on fresh extensions (tops among playoff teams) and an additional 22 percent of the cap spent on incoming veterans (third only to the Bears and Texans among playoff teams), according to data from ESPN's Stats & Information Group. The result was a star-studded roster that many called the dreaded D-word — "dream team" — a label that has come to symbolize a roster concept that doesn't always work in the NFL. But unlike previous dream-team iterations, the Rams have made it work, primarily by relying less on the newcomers and more on the talent they've developed. And that might provide a blueprint for future champions, if not exactly future dynasties. The dream-team paradigm has gone through several permutations over the years. In the era before the salary cap, star-powered rosters could stay together for many consecutive seasons, resulting in monstrous talent collections such as the Steel Curtain-era Pittsburgh Steelers (who had an absurd nine Hall of Famers on their roster in 1978) and even more recent teams such as Bill Walsh's San Francisco 49ers and Jimmy Johnson's Dallas Cowboys. But the advent of free agency in 1993 — and the subsequent addition of the salary cap — made such dream teams more difficult to keep together, whether by pre-emptively forcing teams to let useful players go or penalizing for years teams that tried to skirt the cap by pushing player paydays into the future.More recent dream team attempts have been the subject of ridicule, such as when the 2011 Philadelphia Eagles signed a group of veteran free agents that included Nnamdi Asomugha, Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie, Jason Babin and — of course — Vince Young. When Young was asked to describe Philly's new squad, he infamously responded with a smile and two words: "dream team." In the end, the Eagles went a disappointing 8-8, writing a cautionary tale for future free-agent spending sprees.But around the same time, the NFL's current preferred team-building strategy began to come into focus as young, cheap (at the time) quarterbacks such as Baltimore's Joe Flacco and Seattle's Russell Wilson won Super Bowls. With a change to the league's collective bargaining agreement significantly lowering the price tags on incoming rookie QBs, teams realized that they could use the draft to acquire the most important asset in football — a star quarterback — for a relatively low price and then trick out the rest of their roster with the savings. The dream team concept was reborn.Take the 2017 champion Eagles, who spent a combined 4.5 percent of the cap on signal-callers Carson Wentz and Nick Foles — the former of whom vied for league MVP honors before a knee injury ended his season and the latter of whom was the Super Bowl MVP. That Philly team was laden with non-QB talent, and many of its members were productive veterans (Ronald Darby, Jay Ajayi, Alshon Jeffery, Timmy Jernigan, etc.) who had been plucked from other teams.This season's Rams have taken a version of that same formula and run with it even further. They got 40 total points of Approximate Value1Pro-Football-Reference.com's single-number measure of player value. out of veteran newcomers, which would rank 10th among Super Bowl winners, and that was with Talib, Peters, Suh and Fowler all having relative down seasons.That last part makes the Rams a bit different from other successful dream teams of the past. The 1994 49ers, for instance, were jam-packed with talented veteran newcomers — including Rickey Jackson, Ken Norton Jr. and Bart Oates, each of whom posted double-digit AV the previous season. The crown jewel, of course, was Deion Sanders, who arrived from Atlanta in free agency. They were all meaningful contributors to the Niners' Super Bowl win that season, most notably Sanders, who won defensive player of the year honors. Similarly, the 1999 St. Louis Rams picked up Marshall Faulk from the Indianapolis Colts, along with many other newcomers, and went on to win the Super Bowl thanks to Faulk's NFL offensive player of the year season.2An MVP turn from QB Kurt Warner didn't hurt, either.The 2018 Rams don't have anyone with the instant impact of a Sanders or Faulk. But one thing that makes them intriguing is how they've supplemented the dream-teamers they do have with younger, cheaper talent. The average age (weighted by AV) for the 10 Super Bowl champs most laden with new veteran talent3Ages are as of Dec. 31 for each season. I used a quick-and-dirty calculation that multiplies together AV from the current and previous seasons for incoming veteran players, to capture both established production and current-season value. was 27.6 years old; for L.A. this season, that number is 26.8. The Rams' four best players by AV — Gurley, Donald, Jared Goff and Robert Woods — are all 27 or younger, and none of them were among the newcomers L.A. brought in this season. (And only Donald and Gurley were playing on contracts guaranteeing more than $30 million.) Whereas yesterday's dream teams rose or fell more on the performances of their incoming stars, the new formula for general manager Les Snead and coach Sean McVay has been to use them as supplemental pieces to help support a young core.Not that the current Rams have nothing in common with their dream-team precursors, mind you. Even though teams have gotten much savvier about using contractual tricks to free up cap space and avoid the kind of "salary-cap hell" that, say, the 49ers found themselves in during the late 1990s, the Rams' aggressive roster moves have still ratcheted up the pressure to win in a relatively short window of time. While most of the Rams' key starters are still locked up in 2019 as well (with the exceptions of Suh, Cory Littleton and Rodger Saffold), they will begin facing tough salary constraints in the offseason before 2020 — when most of the current secondary and offensive line hits free agency — and particularly before 2021, when Goff will need to sign an extension. Compounding things, L.A. also traded away its second- and third-round draft picks this spring to snag Peters and Fowler.4On top of downgrading from the fourth round to the sixth in 2018 and losing a 2020 fifth-rounder. Even a smartly managed win-now strategy has an expiration date.But then again, so does every team-building tactic in the NFL — unless we're talking about the Patriots. The Rams are exactly where they knew they'd need to be to justify their all-in roster strategy. They have the young stars and the veteran talent, plus the right coach to steer things in McVay. All that's left is one more win to prove that dream teams are a viable way to build an NFL champion after all. read more
New Orleans Won The NBAs Golden Ticket Now What Happens
admin qrhkmfwc September 29, 2019
The NBA draft lottery on Tuesday night pitted the repeated good luck of Cleveland against the long-standing bad luck of New York — and somehow, New Orleans won. The Pelicans landed the No. 1 overall pick despite having just a 6 percent chance to do so, and they're widely expected to use it on Duke star Zion Williamson. "It's just an incredible blessing for our organization," Pelicans general manager David Griffin told reporters.Of course, any team would be likely to make the same pick. The one-and-done college basketball megastar could have become a new centerpiece for a Cavaliers franchise that hasn't made the playoffs without LeBron James since 1998; he could have brought a change in luck to the Knicks, who haven't had a No. 1 pick since Patrick Ewing in 1985; or he could have bolstered a Bulls frontcourt that already features Wendell Carter Jr. and Lauri Markkanen.But in the first year of the new lottery format, the Pelicans got lucky. The explosion of Williamson in the past six months and the messy, dramatic saga of Anthony Davis are now intertwined. Davis requested a trade from New Orleans in January, and that storyline dominated the rest of the Pelicans' season. New Orleans declined to trade its superstar in February, and its ultimate response still isn't clear, but now Griffin has lots of possibilities.So the No. 1 question from Tuesday night: Does the allure of playing with Williamson make Davis think twice about leaving New Orleans? Williamson became a spectacle during his one college season, leading all of Division I men's college basketball in both effective field-goal percentage (.708) and player efficiency rating (40.8), according to Sports-Reference.com. At 6-foot-7 and 285 pounds, he has the athleticism to throw down windmill dunks, while drawing a charge from him has been compared to getting hit by a Jeep.If Davis stays, the Pelicans can win with a core of Davis, Williamson and Jrue Holiday. On offense, the Williamson-Davis tandem would be a matchup nightmare. They would thrive on pick and rolls, or they would attract the defense to the paint and kick the ball out to shooters on the perimeter. Adding the best athlete in the draft class would also boost New Orleans's transition offense, which ranked second-to-last in the league in points per possession during the regular season.On defense, that trio is even more formidable. Davis on the inside ranked fifth in block rate and 13th in defensive rebound rate, even in a season marred by a finger injury and the trade drama. Holiday is an All-Defensive first-team honoree who can guard the 1, 2 and 3 positions. Adding Williamson would give New Orleans another flexible piece on defense. It's unclear what kinds of players he will be asked to guard in his career, but he's versatile. Duke's defense was underrated last season — the program's best since 2010 in adjusted defensive efficiency, according to KenPom.com.Davis did warm up for the Pelicans' season finale in April wearing a shirt that read, "That's All Folks!" If he still ends up departing, New Orleans has more work to do, but the options look much better than they did Monday. Any trade involving Davis would command a more promising return, and it might include players more likely to stay and excel during the early stages of Williamson's career. (Davis can become a free agent after next season.) The Pelicans could snag a young player like Jayson Tatum from Boston or Ben Simmons from the Sixers. And then there's the lingering Lakers option, which can now include that juicy No. 4 pick that Los Angeles picked up Tuesday night.The new lottery format, with less favorable odds for the top contenders, altered a number of franchises. The Cavaliers and the Knicks — who along with Phoenix had a 14 percent chance of getting the No. 1 pick — ended up with the fifth and third picks, respectively. If New York doesn't use the pick as trade bait, it will be guaranteed a chance to select one of the draft's other, slightly less-hyped prospects in Williamson's Blue Devil teammate RJ Barrett or Murray State point guard Ja Morant.But as expected, it all comes back to Williamson. Asked what he would bring to whichever team drafts him, Williamson said on ESPN on Tuesday night, "Whatever that team needs me to do, I'm going to be able to do it." That is a common refrain from pro hopefuls, who are coached by agents to say it. But with a once-in-a-generation talent like Williamson, it just might be true.Check out our latest NBA predictions. read more
The Odds Michael Sam Will Be Picked in the NFL Draft
admin ojzwnpjf September 28, 2019
Former Missouri defensive end Michael Sam, who in February announced that he was gay, may not be among the 256 men chosen in this year's NFL draft, which begins Thursday. In fact, based on a historical assessment of players who were rated similarly by media scouting projections, Sam's chances of being drafted are only about 50-50.Sam, the 2013 SEC Co-Defensive Player of the Year, is rated as a sixth-round pick on the Scouts Inc. draft board, which is available through ESPN Insider. That might seem to imply that he's likely to be drafted, because the NFL draft has seven rounds.But players projected to be chosen late in the draft are hard to differentiate from one another. You can think of NFL prospects as representing the tail end of a bell curve. At the extreme end of the tail are a small number of potential franchise talents, such as Andrew Luck and Bo Jackson. The curve gets denser and denser with players the farther down the draft board you go, however. Players who are projected as sixth-round picks often fall out of the draft entirely.I looked at what happened to projected sixth-round picks since 2005, as according to the Scouts Inc. draft board. Specifically, I looked at defensive ends and outside linebackers, the two positions that Sam might play in the NFL. (That some scouts regard Sam as a "tweener" is one reason he may not be drafted highly.)There were 67 such players between 2005 and 2013. Of those, 37 players — 55 percent — were not drafted. Twenty-four others were drafted between the fifth and seventh rounds, while six were chosen in the fourth round or higher. Only about 10 percent were chosen in the sixth round exactly.Isn't it a bit contradictory to describe prospects as sixth-round draft picks when they're far more likely not to be drafted than to be chosen in the that round? There are more projected sixth-round picks than sixth-round slots. This year, for example, Scouts Inc. lists 71 players as sixth-round picks, but there are only 39 selections in that round (this includes a number of compensatory picks given to teams who lost free agents).The alternative, however, would imply a false precision in differentiating between sixth-round picks, seventh-round picks, guys just off the draft board and so forth. Picks late in the draft are intrinsically hard to project, because each team has different assessments of the players, and some teams prioritize need while others look for talent.But leave these semantics aside. There's a more pressing issue in the case of Sam. Has his draft status been harmed by his public declaration of his sexuality?Sam's ranking has fallen on some news media draft boards, including the one prepared by ESPN and Scouts Inc., since he came out as gay. Determining the cause and effect is harder. On the one hand, Sam got middling reviews at the NFL Scouting Combine in February. On the other hand, some NFL scouts and general managers have told members of the media that they're worried Sam could be a "distraction." In a league that has employed the likes of Aaron Hernandez, that could be cover for homophobia.But suppose that Sam were projected as a fourth-round pick, which is how he was often described at the time he came out. Would he be assured of being drafted?Not quite. Among the 70 defensive ends and outside linebackers projected by Scouts Inc. as fourth-round picks since 2005, 15 — 21 percent — weren't drafted. Others were chosen as high as the second round.In other words, if Sam is not chosen in the draft, we won't be able to say for sure it's because of his sexuality. Draft projections are an inexact science, especially in the late stages of the process. (If Sam is neither drafted nor signed as a free agent, that would be a clearer signal that the league is evaluating him on something other than his football talent.)Personally, however, if the odds are something like 50-50 on Sam being drafted, I think I'd take his side of the bet. Why? A player only needs one team to draft him. A player like Sam who generates polarized opinions might have a better chance of being chosen in a late round by a team like the New England Patriots or the Seattle Seahawks than one who everyone agrees is mediocre. read more
Ohio States Braxton Miller to miss 2014 season eyes return in 2015
admin oulktnpr September 28, 2019
Then-junior quarterback Braxton Miller (5) looks for an open receiver during the 2014 Discover Orange Bowl against Clemson Jan. 3 at Sun Life Stadium. OSU lost, 40-35. Lantern file photoOhio State senior quarterback Braxton Miller will miss the entire 2014 football season, an OSU spokesman confirmed Tuesday evening.Miller re-injured his throwing shoulder attempting to complete a short pass in practice Monday afternoon, according to the release.The OSU star was in the process of returning from off-season shoulder surgery in February.The two-time Silver Football award winner said in a press release that he would like to return to the Buckeyes in 2015."I love Ohio State and Buckeye nation, and my goal is to come back from this injury stronger and better than ever," Miller said in the release. "I am on course to graduate in December, and I want to attend graduate school and then return to lead the Buckeyes next season. In the meantime, I want to give all the support I can to my coaches and teammates as they chase a championship this season."Miller's 8,346 total yards and 84 total touchdowns are each good for second in school history.Coach Urban Meyer offered his sympathies to his senior leader in the release."My thoughts and prayers are with Braxton and his family," Meyer said. "This is an unfortunate injury to a young man who means so much to this program and to Buckeye nation."On Saturday, Meyer said redshirt-freshman J.T. Barrett had moved ahead of redshirt-sophomore Cardale Jones in the team's backup quarterback battle.Barrett's only experience for the Buckeyes outside of practice came in OSU's 2014 Spring Game, when he finished 17 of 33 on pass attempts and totaled 151 yards through the air.Jones has the only game experience of any other quarterback on the roster as he took 39 snaps in games against Florida A&M, Penn State and Purdue last season.OSU is scheduled to take on Navy on Aug. 30 at M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore. Kickoff is set for noon. read more
Womens Basketball Ohio State guard Kelsey Mitchell invited to USA Womens National
Ohio State then-junior guard Kelsey Mitchell looks to the basket in her drive against Penn State's defense during the Buckeyes' game on Feb. 1. Credit: Summer Cartwright | Campus EditorOhio State women's basketball guard Kelsey Mitchell has been invited to the 2017 USA Women's National Team Training Camp, which will be held Sept. 30 – Oct. 2 in Santa Barbara, California.The senior is one of just five collegiate athletes — including Connecticut forward Napheesa Collier, Connecticut guard/forward Katie Lou Samuelson, Louisville guard Asia Durr, South Carolina forward A'ja Wilson — invited to the training camp. Twenty-five WNBA players earned invites as well.The training camp — which will be led by USA National Team and South Carolina coach Dawn Staley — will be used to help identify and prepare athletes for future events, including the 2018 FIBA World Cup of Basketball, according to a release.This will be the second opportunity for Mitchell to represent her country on the court. The two-time Big Ten Player of the Year earned a spot on the USA Basketball Women's Under-23 National Team, which competed in the Four Nations Tournament in mid-August.Last season, Mitchell led the Big Ten with 22.6 points per game and was named a second-team All-American for the second time in her career. The Associated Press also named her a first-team All-American after the 2015-16 season.Ohio State opens the season on Nov. 10 when the Buckeyes host Stanford as part of the Countdown to Columbus, an event marking the beginning of the college women's basketball 2017-18 season. read more
Wrestling No 2 Ohio State fails to end Penn States 42dual meet
admin ghjhhrzf September 28, 2019
Ohio State's Kyle Snyder wrestles Steven Holloway in the dual-meet against Iowa on Jan. 21 in the Schottenstein Center. Credit: Jack Westerheide | Photo EditorWith two matches remaining, all the No. 2 Ohio State wrestling team needed in order to beat No. 1 Penn State was No. 1 197-pounder Kollin Moore to beat an unranked Nittany Lion and for senior top-ranked heavyweight Kyle Snyder to beat of No. 6 Nick Nevills. But nothing went according to plan.Moore fell to Anthony Cassar in shocking fashion, requiring Snyder to win via major decision in order for the Buckeyes to take home the victory. Though Snyder has won by major decision or a pin in each of his matches this season, he was unable to do so, beating Nevills 15-10 for a decision win. That allowed Penn State to eek by with a 19-18 victory Saturday night.Everything went right for Ohio State early in the meet. No. 4 Nathan Tomasello gave Ohio State the first win of the meet via major decision, beating 125-pounder Carson Kuhn 21-12 after trailing 8-7 following the first period. Ohio State's No. 2 Luke Pletcher earned a 5-4 decision against Corey Keener at 133 pounds. Then, No. 11 Joey McKenna upset No. 6 Nick Lee to give the Buckeyes a 10-0 lead after the first three matches, which silenced Penn State's crowd at Rec Hall.Penn State No. 1 149-pounder Zain Retherford and Ohio State No. 5 157-pounder Micah Jordan each earned technical fall wins. The Buckeyes held a 15-5 lead heading into intermission, but that advantage quickly began to slip away.Vincenzo Joseph, one of Penn State's three top-ranked wrestlers who competed Saturday, dominated No. 14 Te'Shan Campbell with a 12-3 major decision victory. With the lead shrinking, Ohio State needed an upset in one of the next two matches between evenly matched competition. But neither No. 3 Bo Jordan (174 pounds) nor No. 2 Myles Martin (184 pounds) could pull the upset on No. 2 Mark Hall or No. 1 Bo Nickal, respectively.Hall hit a decisive takedown late in the third period to beat Jordan 6-4 and bring Ohio State's lead down to three. Nickal then dominated Martin, winning with a 10-2 major decision, which gave the Nittany Lions their first lead of the night.Snyder and Moore, both ranked No. 1 in their respective weight classes, could not regain the lead for Ohio State. Following Moore's loss to Anthony Cassar, if Snyder won with a major decision, the Buckeyes would have won the match since they owned the tiebreaker. But on their home mats, the Nittany Lions did exactly what they needed to do to clinch the victory and extend their dual meet win streak to 43.Ohio State will attempt to bounce back from its first loss with a meet against No. 4 Michigan at 6 p.m. Feb. 11. read more
NHS to recruit hundreds of GPs from Poland Lithuania and Greece
admin ddrqtgeo September 25, 2019
And 18 per cent of surgeries closed by 3pm at least one day a week – even though three quarters of these were receiving extra funds to improve patient access, the report said.The NAO report said patients at practices with shorter opening hours had higher rates of A&E attendances, and higher mortality levels. Demand on emergency services is risingCredit:Andrew Fox Yesterday the NAO report suggested the plans could still leave a shortfall of almost 2,000 doctors.And the Royal College of GPs estimates a shortfall of almost 10,000 doctors, based on recent retirement rates.Last month the head of the RCGP warned that patients were being placed at increasing risk by waits of up to one month to see a GP amid winter pressures.The NAO report yesterday said short opening hours among practices were associated with higher rates of A&E attendances, and higher death rates. The NAO report on Wednesday called for more to be done to improve access to family doctors.In total, 46 per cent of practices found to be closed at some point during the "core hours" of 9am to 6pm Monday to Friday. It comes amid a deepening crisis across A&E departments.Earlier this week:New figures revealed record casualty attendances and a doubling in the number of patients left to wait on trolleys for at least 12 hours;Senior doctors warned that lives were at risk as overstretched hospitals become "paralysed by spiralling demand"Jeremy Hunt said the situation had become "unacceptable and extremely distressing" in too many hospitals;The Royal College of Emergency Medicine said four in ten A&Es have now reached dangerous levels of overcrowding. A five year forward view by NHS England, which is led by Simon Stevens, promises 5000 more GPs by 2020 Credit:PA MPs said that practices needed to "get the basics right"Credit:PA Health officials are currently advertising 25 posts, around half of which have been filled, Pulse magazine disclosed.NHS England plans to roll out the Lincolnshire scheme more widely to meet the Government's target of 500 GPs from overseas.Dr Kieran Sharrock, medical director at Lincolnshire local medical committee, said the scheme has been "really successful" and has appointed 13 GPs so far – from Poland, Croatia, Lithuania, Greece and Spain – with "more interviews in the next few weeks".Under the scheme, doctors from countries all over Europe will be able to come to Britain after undergoing 12 weeks of paid training at a campus in Poland.The induction programme will provide medics with English language lessons and teach doctors about the culture of the NHS.The first round of recruits are due to start training next week, in order to start work in England from April, with the next wave due to start training within three months.Dr Sharrock said practices had agreed the pay rates "based upon local average salaried GP salary" with "increases annually to encourage the GPs to stay in the scheme".The average family doctor in England earns around £100,000 annually, but the majority of those receiving six-figure earnings are GP partners, with several years' experience.Joyce Robins, from Patient Concern, said: "These really do sound like desperate measures. It is horrifying to think of all the money we have spent training doctors who have left to work in New Zealand and Australia, only for us to have to trawl abroad to find GPs.""Patients need a GP who can chat to them about their concerns, not someone who has just finished an English language course," she added."I fid it terrifying that we have reached this crisis point, with so many people flooding into A&E because they can't see a GP. I do feel the NHS has taken a wrong turn in letting things get so bad."The plan is an attempt to attract doctors ahead of restrictions that could arise from Brexit.The overseas recruitment drive appears at odds with the Government's plan for the NHS to become less reliant on foreign doctors and in the long-term "self-sufficient" in producing medical staff.However, NHS England has since confirmed that it is looking to expand on the Lincolnshire scheme and push on with plans to recruit 500 doctors from Europe, as part of plans to recruit 5,000 more GPs by 2020.The area has one of the biggest shortfalls in GPs anywhere in England. On average, practices open for less than 45 hours a week had eight per cent higher rates of A&E attendances than those which were open longer.MPs warned of a lottery in care, with just one quarter of areas offering a full day service Monday to Friday. NHS England has promised to recruit 500 GPs from overseas by 2020Credit:PA Want the best of The Telegraph direct to your email and WhatsApp? Sign up to our free twice-daily Front Page newsletter and new audio briefings. Patients need a GP who can chat to them about their concerns, not someone who has just finished an English language courseJoyce Robins, Patient Concern As the health system extends practice hours across the country, it must not lose sight of the need to get the basics rightMeg Hillier, chairman the Committee of Public Accounts The health service is to recruit hundreds of GPs from countries such as Poland, Lithuania, Greece with promises of £90,000 salaries and "generous relocation packages" in a bid to tackle a spiralling NHS crisis.The new scheme run by NHS England will see doctors from across the EU undergoing 12 weeks training in Poland before they start work in Britain.Health officials are trawling EU countries for medical staff in a bid to plug shortages of family doctors, amid warnings that long waits to see GPs are fuelling the Accident & Emergency (A&E) crisis.Medics from Croatia, Lithuania, Greece, Spain and Poland have now been recruited, as part of plans which aim to bring 500 doctors in from the EU ahead of Brexit.Last night patients groups said the measures were "desperate" and said the NHS had "taken a wrong turn" in failing to attract enough home-grown doctors. On Wednesday a report by the National Audit Office warned that poor access to GPs during the working day could be fuelling Britain's A&E crisis.The watchdog said almost half of practices had closures during office hours, with one fifth regularly closing their doors by 3pm.It followed warnings that rising numbers of patients are being forced to wait a month to see a family doctor, with estimates of a shortage of up to 10,000 GPs by 2020.The new scheme, being piloted in Lincolnshire by local medical committees and NHS England, is being used as a blueprint for national plans to hire 500 GPs from overseas.Doctors will be promised a guaranteed annual salary of £90,000 and a "generous relocation package" to move to England. read more
Samuel L Jackson condemns casting black British actors in US roles they
admin rhwdrygx September 25, 2019
"But I know the young brother who's in the movie, and he's British. There are a lot of black British actors who work here all the time."I tend to wonder what would that movie would have been with an American brother who really understands it, in a way. Want the best of The Telegraph direct to your email and WhatsApp? Sign up to our free twice-daily Front Page newsletter and new audio briefings. We've got a lot of brothers here that need to work too.Samuel L Jackson David Oyelowo starring in Selma Hollywood should stop constantly casting black British actors in American roles they cannot fully understand, Samuel L Jackson has said, as he claims UK stars get work because they are simply cheaper.Jackson said US filmmakers believe British actors were "better" because of their classical training, but warned they could not fully understand the roles they are playing.In particular, he singled out new comedy horror film Get Out, a satire on interracial dating in America starring British actor Daniel Kaluuya. "And they [filmmakers] think they're better than we are because they're classically trained." In an interview with radio station Hot 97, Jackson said: "They come here because there are more opportunities and they actually get paid when they work here."But, he added: "We've got a lot of brothers here that need to work too."Asked about Get Out specifically, he said: "I think it's great that movie's doing everything it's doing and people are loving it. Daniel Kaluuya starring at the Young Vic theatre last year "Daniel grew up in a country where they've been interracial dating for a hundred years."What would a brother from America have made of that role?"Jackson also singled out Selma, the Martin Luther King biopic starring British actor David Oyelowo. Asked why British actors were so successful in the States, he said: "They're cheaper than us, for a start. They don't cost as much. Unless you're a known brother. read more


NORWALK — Two Norwalk men were charged with disorderly conduct early Thursday morning after one man allegedly threw a pot of boiling water on his sleeping roommate.
Police were dispatched to 15 Perry Ave. at approximately 1:30 a.m. on a complaint by the alleged victim that his roommate Gilberto Felix, entered his bedroom, mumbled something, and threw a pot of boiling water on him.
The alleged victim, Scott Kaluczky, who was also charged with disorderly conduct, told police that he pushed Felix out of his bedroom, locked the door, and called police.
Felix reportedly told police that he entered Kuluczky's room to tell him that he was unable to pay his rent. He said that Kuluczky became angry and pushed him. Felix told police that he ran into the kitchen where he had been making pasta, grabbed the pot of hot water and threw it at Kaluczky in self defense.
Felix, 32, was given a court date of May 26.
Kaluczky, 47 was given a court date of May 26.


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2014 NCS Division III pre-season team rankings (Girls)
NCS DIII Preseason Girls Rankings by Campolindo assistant, Andy Lindquist
Overview: Last season Campolindo blew away the competition scoring a low 25 points at the NCS meet and continued that domination by winning a state title the following week. With 6 of the top 7 returning for the Cougars, the bar is set even higher for Campo which seeks its 2nd straight state title and 3rd in 5 seasons. However, Bishop O'Dowd has significantly closed the gap on Campo by virtue of returning its entire top 5 from a year ago, with all of them having remarkable track seasons. DFAL opponents Las Lomas and Miramonte have made steady gains over the spring track season and will look to lock down one of the 4 qualifying spots to the state meet. Tamalpais returns their entire top 7 from a year ago and will also look to challenge for a podium position and a trip to state. Of course some teams will get impact freshmen but for now this is how things look.
1. Campolindo: The machine that is Chuck's Army appears primed to pick up where they left off last season and with the progress made during the track season they appear ready to defend their state and NCS titles. Leading the way is defending NCS champion and state runner up Brighie Leach who, despite missing time due to injury during the track season, was able to knock down some big personal bests running 2:17 in the 800m and 4:54 in the 1600m placing 9th at the state meet in that event. Mary Orders also excelled, breaking the 11:00 barrier in the 3200m by cruising to a 10:58 in addition to a 5:04 1600m time. These two alone are enough up front firepower to strike fear into the hearts of most teams, but it is Campolindo's depth beyond #1-2 that makes them so difficult to beat. Senior Rachel Johnson, a critical component of last years title run with seasonal bests of 11:18 and 5:15 this track season should play another big part this year as well. Junior Hana Sun rebounded from an injury riddled fall to rip a 5:10 1600m making it very likely that the cougars will have an overpowering front end presence in most races. The biggest wildcard for Campo is Junior Sarah Cella, who had an impressive fall XC season in rising to being the team's #4 scorer during the post-season. During track Cella took it to a whole other level in roaring to a 2:16 800m performance while also finishing in 4th place at MOC. Track times are not always indicative of cross country success but with a talented group of teammates to train with, she could continue to make huge strides and provide Campo with an unreal front end. Varsity returnees Robin Powell (5:35 and 12:06) and Sarah Shipway (5:49 and 12:42) are ready to bolster the back end after making continued progress over the spring. With an astonishing amount of front-running talent and a solid back end, look for Campo to continue their domination this season.
2. Bishop O'Dowd: After finally making to the state meet last season via a 3rd place finish at NCS, the Dragons struggled to a 12th place finish in Fresno well back of plenty of teams they had soundly beaten a month earlier at the Mt.Sac invite. The stage is set for a much better performance this year as O'Dowd returns the majority of their team from last year, all of whom had fantastic track seasons. Sophomore Linnea Gullikson, who was not even in the varsity lineup last year, made huge progress running 5:37 in the 1600m and 12:04 in the 3200m. Last seasons front runners Jourdan Amen (5th place at NCS) and Julia Cooke (7th place) continued to improve running 11:11 and 11:12 in the 3200. Grace Taylor was not too far behind them, clocking 11:18 in the 3200 but what makes Bishop O'Dowd so strong is their remarkably solid pack margin. Alyssa Byer was yet another sub 11:30 performer with a personal best of 11:26 in addition to running 5:13 in the 1600m. Right behind her is Meredith Nix, another key returner who ran 5:15. Having a pack this good has both positive and negative aspects: having the chance to train and race together is a big stress reliever as the pack can pull people to fast times and high placings. However, it is also negative because there are no ace frontrunners to keep the team score low in big meets. With so many great teams in the section/state possessing these quality frontrunners it makes it difficult for a pack centric team such as O'Dowd to beat those teams in a large meet where having a low scoring ace is so essential. As it stands now, O'Dowd has come on strong and is a threat for a top 2 finish at NCS and a top 5 finish at the state meet if their pack continues to develop.
3. Las Lomas: After a successful fall which saw them finish 2nd at NCS and 5th at the state meet, the knights look to continue their recent hot streak and grab another spot to state. Last years NCS runner up and state 4th placer Chloe Hansel really stepped it up during the track season in running 4:54 in the 1600 to give Las Lomas an impressive #1 who will score low points for them in every meet. Sophomore Sydney Polich also had success around the oval this spring in running 11:40 for 3200m along with Samantha Coopersmith who clocked a 5:44 1600m. Add in veterans Megan Wenzel (18:59 at Hayward) and Elise Stankus (19:14 at Hayward) who both placed in the top 20 at last years NCS championship and you have a solid core of runners. The most important aspect will be how much Las Lomas can close down the margin between their #1 and #2-5 as maintaining a closer pack will yield much better results.
4. Miramonte: Last season provided plenty of heartbreak for the Matadors as they were only 11 points away from qualifying for the state meet for the first time since 2006. Look for things to change this year as they return a great deal of talent and look for finally get over the hump to Fresno. Sophomore Hannah Fishlow came out of nowhere in the track season to blitz a 5:10 1600m time. That coupled with a 19:21 clocking at last year's Clovis Invite shows that she has the potential to make a big impact this upcoming season. Arden Creason, who was Miramonte's #1 at NCS last year focused more on the sprints this year but managed to put up a respectable 2:23 in the 800m while her 19:15 personal best on the Hayward course shows she has the endurance ability. Georgia Roden also had success in the middle distances, rolling to a 2:18 800m time and with a steady summer of training could rise up to being a big contributing factor. Rounding out the scorers are Sondra Abruzzo and Sarah Rockwood, both veterans who had solid track seasons in the 3200m running 12:11 and 12:31. Throw in sophomore Madison Alvarado (12:20) and the matadors have all the right pieces in place to make a run at a state meet birth. Competing against rival Campolindo in the DFAL will give them plenty of opportunities to measure themselves against high level competition.
5. Tamalpais: Returning their entire top 7 from last season's NCS championship meet, Tam has the potential to move up in these rankings and challenge Las Lomas and Miramonte for state meet berths. The Red Tailed Hawks are lead by sophomore Katie Miekley who had a big personal breakthrough on the track running 5:11 for 1600m. Sophomore Lizzy Labeeuw-Anderson also broke through in a big way in the spring, vaulting from the pack end of the pack in XC to a 5:29 1600m clocking. Right behind her was Olivia Phillips in 5:32. Tam has a great deal of depth as evidenced by Megan Bartschat and Gianna Garza who both ran at or under the 12:00 barrier in the 3200m. Add in veterans Hadley Clark and Bella Amyx and Tam looks like the dark-horse pick to step up and surprise people at the end of the season. Again much like some of the other teams above, the focus has to be on bringing down the pack margin and ensuring that all members of the scoring 5 can be fit enough to move up with the front end of the field in larger races.
On the Bubble: Albany, Petaluma, Acalanes
Labels: 2014 Cross Country, 2014 Pre-Season XC Rankings, NCS Rankings '14
2014 NCS Division V Pre-Season Rankings (Boys)
The Marin 415K and Miracle Mile on July 13th
Central Coast Section (CCS) pre-season rankings
Rising 7th Grader impresses at Golden West Invitat...
Northern California Top 10 Track and Field Athlete...
2014 NCS Division V Pre-Season Rankings (Girls)
NCS Division 2 Pre-Season Rankings (Girls) by Nort...
Stefan Holm Hurdles Training
Interview With High School Phenom Anna Maxwell
Castro Valley's Nate Moore Gatorade California Tra...
2014 Northern California Track and Field State Mee...
Track and Field Post-Season Awards
NorCal coaching vacancies
2014 NCS Division III pre-season team rankings (Gi...
2014 NCS Division III pre-season team rankings (Bo...
2014 NCS Pre-Season Division III Boys Individual R...
Santa Rosa 8th grader Rylee Bowen runs 4:58.57 for...
Catching up with 4-time state champion, Roman Gome...
2014 NCS Pre-Season Division III Girls Individual ...
Summer Hurdle Clinic at Campolindo HS
Pre-Season Cross Country rankings
Legendary performances on stage at 96th annual Cal...
California State Track and Field Meet Finals Predi...
CA state track and field trials photos courtesy of...
California state track and field meet results
CA State Track and Field Meet Live Stream link
California State Track and Field Meet (Top NorCal ...
James Logan student overcomes tragedies to reach s...
Athlete of the Week: Wright's 400 the best in CCS
Bishop O'Dowd Job Announcement for Cross Country a...
2014 NCS Meet of Champions and CCS Boys 4x400 Rela...
California State Meet Live Results link
Adding an American Record to her resume (Shannon R...
NCS boys Distance videos courtesy of San Rafael ru...
CCS Videos courtesy of Tom Waschura
NCS, SF and NS Section results

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The identifier string exceeded the maximum allowable length and was truncated.
The debugger cannot debug code with symbols longer than 255 characters. In the debugger, you cannot view, evaluate, update, or watch the truncated symbols.
This limitation can be overcome by shortening identifier names. The example code below demonstrates this method.
A trace mechanism can also be used to solve this problem. A trace mechanism is like the printf statements in the code. It keeps track of what is going on in an application during the debugging process.
The _ASSERT, _ASSERTE, _RPTn and _RPTFn macros provide concise and flexible ways to perform the trace. These macros are not defined when _DEBUG is not defined.
The example below demonstrates a situation that would cause this compiler warning to occur, and the solution to this problem.
//In this program we have a class of a very long name.
//demonstrate the solution to this problem.
The following example demonstrates that templates with some long class names as their parameters can easily exceed the 255 character limit. Solutions to the problem are also provided.
//uncomment the next 3 lines.


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Arts Music The Concert that Strung the Schools Together
The Concert that Strung the Schools Together
Mathieu Lavault '18
Taking place at Greenhill on October 23, the concert between schools ended with great success. It is traditional to have a concert at the beginning of the fall to welcome the cold season coming in. Jesuit, Ursuline, Cistercian, and Greenhill all intended to join in communion as they united to perform this fall concert. It alternates between Ursuline or Greenhill hosting the concert every year. The concert, having existed for over 25 years, has retained its original composition and meaning ever since its inception. Everyone who wanted to watch the orchestra play could have gone freely without paying.
Coordinated and Conducted by Jane Chambers, the Concert demonstrated the joint contribution of each of the four schools and the incredible sound and music this created. The String Orchestra Concert consisted of students ranging from freshmen to seniors. The main composition of the Orchestra was 1st Violin, Viola, Harp, Cello, Bass, and 2nd Violin. Multiple rehearsals were orchestrated in order to perform at Greenhill. Greenhill's excellent music program demonstrated that the Jesuit-Ursuline Orchestra needed to practice twice as hard since they were unable to meet every day like them. The Concert started by 2 musical pieces from the Jesuit/Ursuline Orchestra then Greenhill performed and then all four schools played the final piece.
This year was Greenhill's turn to host the concert and many participants believed it was a greater success this year because of the great selection of music. Many believed that the interesting music motivated not only the students but also the teachers to try their best during rehearsals and the concert itself. Everyone during the concert was synchronized for they knew their cues and had practiced beforehand. The music was not only more engaging but made the show truly one to remember. Gabe Guerrero, 2nd violin, believed that it was "the best show he was in the three years in the Orchestra." All the students believed it was of immense success. Later on, Ms. Chambers added that "we played exactly like we needed. There is hope for the Orchestra." A member of the Concert and Orchestra myself, I believe that the great turn out of audience members, and the accuracy at which we were playing, truly showed that this show was one to remember.
Mathieu ( Matt - euhh) Lavault (La - Vo) is an All-American guy from Dallas. Born to a French father and a Colombian mother, Mathieu is able to speak French, Spanish, and English at a proficient level. He likes to read, write, and travel. You can contact him at 18206@jcpstudents.org or you can find him probably somewhere around the school.
Interview with Future Pop Star Cam Crowley
TPSMEA 2018


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Turkey Issues Take Down Requests Social Media
Turkey Issues Take-down Requests to Social Media
Published: April 6, 2015 5:29 PM
By: Max Michael
Earlier today, Twitter was blocked in Turkey to prevent the spread of an upsetting photograph. The ban was lifted only hours later, after Twitter deleted accounts and removed all occurrences of the photo. YouTube has also been, and remains, blocked in Turkey. Google is still in talks with Turkish officials in an attempt to restore YouTube service in that country. Facebook has complied with the Turkish court order and has not been blocked, but says it will appeal the order.
The photograph in question was of an Istanbul prosecutor being held at gunpoint by far-left militant organization known as the DHKP-C, which was taken just hours before he was killed. A judge imposed a ban on the image because some media organizations were allegedly using it as terrorist propaganda.
There is concern that the court order may be too broad and far-reaching. While some organizations may have been involved in actual terrorist propaganda, some would suggest that the image has a place in legitimate reporting on the issue. A complete ban of the photograph across all electronic media may have gone too far.
Turkey has become increasingly notorious for blocking content on social media. Twitter and YouTube were temporarily blocked in March 2014, after the leak of audio recordings that allegedly proved corruption of Erdogan, who was Prime Minister of Turkey at the time. In another example, Turkey has forced Facebook to block any content with is deemed to be offensive to Islam.
According to data revealed by Twitter in February, Turkey issued five times the number of content removal requests of any other country, in the second half of 2014. This is no doubt related to a law passed in Turkey last year which allowed the government to block content more easily. However, blocking content so broadly is having a detrimental effect on free speech in Turkey.
Do you think Turkey was right to block the images in this case? Leave your comments below.
Author: Max Michael | Senior Writer
I'm a technology reporter located near the Innovation District of Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario.


My Batt Charger # 1 has been charging a lead acid bank for the past 4 years. AMG 8A8DLTP 245amphr (12vdc x 4 battery) and the AC fail light has been on as I am told for years.
Batterys have gone bad and going to replace them. Question at hand is is this alarm affect any function of the charging system at all? How can I correct it.
Charger #2 is pushing a Ni-cad bank and seems to be doing ok.


backyard movie night, and also a great toy projector for kids playing and studying.
40 inch in 2 meters and dark environment are recommended.
and sharing pictures with your friends.
which can be used for many years without changing the lamp.
- Ready for connect to devices like computer, laptop, smartphone,speakers, SD card, USB disk, headphone, camera etc.


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Renovated and updated Burlington home. 5 bedrooms 2 baths right off the bike path in the New North End. Step right into the large open bonus room with loads of natural light. Beautiful woodwork in the updated kitchen. Large open concept great room with eat-in area and attached formal dining room with wood-burning fireplace. 2 bedrooms on the first floor that could be used as such or as an office and den with ¾ bath nearby. Upstairs boasts 3 bedrooms including a master suite with attached full bath. Two-car detached garage. Fenced-in double lot with amazing outdoor appeal. Covered porch and gazebo. Close to recreation, shopping and easy commute to medical center and area schools.


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Tag: MAO: Monoamine Oxidase
What is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor?
Published on 07/28/2021 by Andrew Marshall17 Comments
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
They are best known as highly efficacious antidepressants, as well as effective therapeutic agents for panic disorder and social phobia. They are particularly effective in treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression. They are also used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and several other disorders.
Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs) are a subclass of MAOIs that selectively and reversibly inhibit the MAO-A enzyme. RIMAs are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia. Due to their reversibility, they are safer in single-drug overdose than the older, irreversible MAOIs, and weaker in increasing the monoamines important in depressive disorder. RIMAs have not gained widespread market share in the United States.
New research into MAOIs indicates that much of the concern over their supposed dangerous dietary side effects stems from misconceptions and misinformation, and that they are still underutilised despite demonstrated efficacy. New research also questions the validity of the perceived severity of dietary reactions, which has been based on outdated research. Despite this, many psychiatrists, who have little or no knowledge of and experience with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (and are thus unaware of their significant benefits), still reserve them as a last line of treatment, used only when other classes of antidepressant drugs (for example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants) have failed.
MAOIs started off due to the serendipitous discovery that iproniazid was a potent MAO inhibitor (MAOI). Originally intended for the treatment of tuberculosis, in 1952, iproniazid's antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the depressed patients given iproniazid experienced a relief of their depression. Subsequent in vitro work led to the discovery that it inhibited MAO and eventually to the monoamine theory of depression. MAOIs became widely used as antidepressants in the early 1950s. The discovery of the 2 isoenzymes of MAO has led to the development of selective MAOIs that may have a more favourable side-effect profile.
The older MAOIs' heyday was mostly between the years 1957 and 1970. The initial popularity of the 'classic' non-selective irreversible MAO inhibitors began to wane due to their serious interactions with sympathomimetic drugs and tyramine-containing foods that could lead to dangerous hypertensive emergencies. As a result, the use by medical practitioners of these older MAOIs declined. When scientists discovered that there are two different MAO enzymes (MAO-A and MAO-B), they developed selective compounds for MAO-B, (for example, selegiline, which is used for Parkinson's disease), to reduce the side-effects and serious interactions. Further improvement occurred with the development of compounds (moclobemide and toloxatone) that not only are selective but cause reversible MAO-A inhibition and a reduction in dietary and drug interactions. Moclobemide, was the first reversible inhibitor of MAO-A to enter widespread clinical practice.
A transdermal patch form of the MAOI selegiline, called Emsam, was approved for use in depression by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 28 February 2006.
MAOIs have been found to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia, atypical depression or mixed anxiety disorder and depression, bulimia, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as borderline personality disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). MAOIs appear to be particularly effective in the management of bipolar depression according to a retrospective-analysis from 2009. There are reports of MAOI efficacy in OCD, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and avoidant personality disorder, but these reports are from uncontrolled case reports.
MAOIs can also be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by targeting MAO-B in particular (therefore affecting dopaminergic neurons), as well as providing an alternative for migraine prophylaxis. Inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B is used in the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety.
MAOIs appear to be particularly indicated for outpatients with dysthymia complicated by panic disorder or hysteroid dysphoria.
Newer MAOIs such as selegiline (typically used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease) and the reversible MAOI moclobemide provide a safer alternative and are now sometimes used as first-line therapy.
Hypertensive Crisis
People taking MAOIs generally need to change their diets to limit or avoid foods and beverages containing tyramine, which is found in products such as cheese, soy sauce, and salami. If large amounts of tyramine are consumed, they may suffer a hypertensive crisis, which can be fatal. Examples of foods and beverages with potentially high levels of tyramine include animal liver and fermented substances, such as alcoholic beverages and aged cheeses. Excessive concentrations of tyramine in blood plasma can lead to hypertensive crisis by increasing the release of norepinephrine (NE), which causes blood vessels to constrict by activating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Ordinarily, MAO-A would destroy the excess NE; when MAO-A is inhibited, however, NE levels get too high, leading to dangerous increases in blood pressure.
RIMAs are displaced from MAO-A in the presence of tyramine, rather than inhibiting its breakdown in the liver as general MAOIs do. Additionally, MAO-B remains free and continues to metabolise tyramine in the stomach, although this is less significant than the liver action. Thus, RIMAs are unlikely to elicit tyramine-mediated hypertensive crisis; moreover, dietary modifications are not usually necessary when taking a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (i.e. moclobemide) or low doses of selective MAO-B inhibitors (e.g. selegiline 6 mg/24 hours transdermal patch).
The most significant risk associated with the use of MAOIs is the potential for drug interactions with over-the-counter, prescription, or illegally obtained medications, and some dietary supplements (e.g. St. John's wort, tryptophan). It is vital that a doctor supervise such combinations to avoid adverse reactions. For this reason, many users carry an MAOI-card, which lets emergency medical personnel know what drugs to avoid (e.g. adrenaline (epinephrine) dosage should be reduced by 75%, and duration is extended).
Tryptophan supplements should not be consumed with MAOIs as the potentially fatal serotonin syndrome may result.
MAOIs should not be combined with other psychoactive substances (antidepressants, painkillers, stimulants, including prescribed, OTC and illegally acquired drugs, etc.) except under expert care. Certain combinations can cause lethal reactions, common examples including SSRIs, tricyclics, MDMA, meperidine, tramadol, and dextromethorphan. Drugs that affect the release or reuptake of epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine typically need to be administered at lower doses due to the resulting potentiated and prolonged effect. MAOIs also interact with tobacco-containing products (e.g. cigarettes) and may potentiate the effects of certain compounds in tobacco. This may be reflected in the difficulty of smoking cessation, as tobacco contains naturally occurring MAOI compounds in addition to the nicotine.
While safer than general MAOIs, RIMAs still possess significant and potentially serious drug interactions with many common drugs; in particular, they can cause serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crisis when combined with almost any antidepressant or stimulant, common migraine medications, certain herbs, or most cold medicines (including decongestants, antihistamines, and cough syrup).
Ocular alpha-2 agonists such as brimonidine and apraclonidine are glaucoma medications which reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous production. These alpha-2 agonists should not be given with oral MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Antidepressants including MAOIs have some dependence-producing effects, the most notable one being a discontinuation syndrome, which may be severe especially if MAOIs are discontinued abruptly or too rapidly. The dependence-producing potential of MAOIs or antidepressants in general is not as significant as benzodiazepines, however. Discontinuation symptoms can be managed by a gradual reduction in dosage over a period of weeks, months or years to minimise or prevent withdrawal symptoms.
MAOIs, as with most antidepressant medication, may not alter the course of the disorder in a significant, permanent way, so it is possible that discontinuation can return the patient to the pre-treatment state. This consideration complicates prescribing between a MAOI and a SSRI, because it is necessary to clear the system completely of one drug before starting another. One physician organisation recommends the dose to be tapered down over a minimum of four weeks, followed by a two week washout period. The result is that a depressed patient will have to bear the depression without chemical help during the drug-free interval. This may be preferable to risking the effects of an interaction between the two drugs.
The MAOIs are infamous for their numerous drug interactions, including the following kinds of substances:
Substances that are metabolised by monoamine oxidase, as they can be boosted by up to several-fold.
Substances that increase serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine activity, as too much of any of these neurochemicals can result in severe acute consequences, including serotonin syndrome, hypertensive crisis, and psychosis, respectively.
Such substances that can react with MAOIs include:
Phenethylamines: 2C-B, mescaline, phenethylamine (PEA), etc.
Amphetamines: amphetamine, MDMA, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, DOM, etc.
Tryptamines: DMT (MAOIs prevent oxidisation of DMT in the digestive tract, which renders it biologically inert. This allows it to be absorbed in the stomach and small intestine, allowing one to experience the effects of DMT by taking it orally i.e. by Ayahuasca. This anti-oxidation effect can also be observed when administering DMT by inhalation, and it can serve to potentiate the length of the experience.)
Norepinephrine, and/or dopamine reuptake inhibitors:
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, venlafaxine.
Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs): amineptine, bupropion, methylphenidate, nomifensine.
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs): atomoxetine, mazindol, reboxetine.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): amitriptyline, butriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, dosulepin, doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trimipramine.
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs): amoxapine, maprotiline.
Phenylpiperidine derivative opioids: meperidine/pethidine, tramadol, methadone, fentanyl, dextropropoxyphene, propoxyphene.
Others: brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, cocaine, cyclobenzaprine, dextromethorphan (DXM), ketamine, MDPV, nefazodone, phencyclidine (PCP), pheniramine, sibutramine, trazodone
Serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine releasers: 4-methylaminorex (4-MAR), amphetamine, benzphetamine, cathine, cathinone, diethylcathinone, ephedrine, levmetamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine, MDMA ("Ecstasy"), methamphetamine, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenethylamine (PEA), phentermine, propylhexedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, tyramine.
Local and general anaesthetic in surgery and dentistry, in particular those containing epinephrine. There is no universally taught or accepted practice regarding dentistry and use of MAOIs such as phenelzine, and therefore it is vital to inform all clinicians, especially dentists, of the potential effect of MAOIs and local anaesthesia. In preparation for dental work, withdrawal from phenelzine is specifically advised; since this takes two weeks, however, it is not always a desirable or practical option. Dentists using local anaesthesia are advised to use a non-epinephrine anaesthetic such as mepivacaine at a level of 3%. Specific attention should be paid to blood pressure during the procedure, and the level of the anaesthetic should be regularly and appropriately topped-up, for non-epinephrine anaesthetics take longer to come into effect and wear off faster. Patients taking phenelzine are advised to notify their psychiatrist prior to any dental treatment.
Certain other supplements may exhibit below-therapeutic-level MAOI activity: Hypericum perforatum ("St John's wort"), inositol, Rhodiola rosea, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe).
Antibiotics such as linezolid.
Other monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
MAOIs act by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase, thus preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters and thereby increasing their availability. There are two isoforms of monoamine oxidase, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A preferentially deaminates serotonin, melatonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. MAO-B preferentially deaminates phenethylamine and certain other trace amines; in contrast, MAO-A preferentially deaminates other trace amines, like tyramine, whereas dopamine is equally deaminated by both types.
Reversibility
The early MAOIs covalently bound to the monoamine oxidase enzymes, thus inhibiting them irreversibly; the bound enzyme could not function and thus enzyme activity was blocked until the cell made new enzymes. The enzymes turn over approximately every two weeks. A few newer MAOIs, a notable one being moclobemide, are reversible, meaning that they are able to detach from the enzyme to facilitate usual catabolism of the substrate. The level of inhibition in this way is governed by the concentrations of the substrate and the MAOI.
Harmaline found in Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi, and Passiflora incarnata is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA).
In addition to reversibility, MAOIs differ by their selectivity of the MAO enzyme subtype. Some MAOIs inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B equally, other MAOIs have been developed to target one over the other.
MAO-A inhibition reduces the breakdown of primarily serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; selective inhibition of MAO-A allows for tyramine to be metabolised via MAO-B. Agents that act on serotonin if taken with another serotonin-enhancing agent may result in a potentially fatal interaction called serotonin syndrome or with irreversible and unselective inhibitors (such as older MAOIs), of MAO a hypertensive crisis as a result of tyramine food interactions is particularly problematic with older MAOIs. Tyramine is broken down by MAO-A and MAO-B, therefore inhibiting this action may result in its excessive build-up, so diet must be monitored for tyramine intake.
MAO-B inhibition reduces the breakdown mainly of dopamine and phenethylamine so there are no dietary restrictions associated with this. MAO-B would also metabolize tyramine, as the only differences between dopamine, phenethylamine, and tyramine are two phenylhydroxyl groups on carbons 3 and 4. The 4-OH would not be a steric hindrance to MAO-B on tyramine. Selegiline is selective for MAO-B at low doses, but non-selective at higher doses.
List of MAO Inhibiting Drugs
Marketed MAOIs
Nonselective MAO-A/MAO-B inhibitors.
Hydrazine (antidepressant).
Isocarboxazid (Marplan).
Hydracarbazine.
Phenelzine (Nardil).
Non-hydrazines.
Tranylcypromine (Parnate, Jatrosom).
Selective MAO-A inhibitors.
Bifemelane (Alnert, Celeport) (available in Japan).
Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix).
Pirlindole (Pirazidol) (available in Russia).
Selective MAO-B inhibitors.
Rasagiline (Azilect).
Selegiline (Deprenyl, Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar).
Safinamide (Xadago).
Linezolid is an antibiotic drug with weak, reversible MAO-inhibiting activity.
Methylene blue, the antidote indicated for drug-induced methemoglobinemia, among a plethora of other off-label uses, is a highly potent, reversible MAO inhibitor.
MAOIs that have been Withdrawn from the Market
Nonselective MAO-A/MAO-B inhibitors:
Hydrazines.
Benmoxin (Nerusil, Neuralex).
Iproclozide (Sursum).
Iproniazid (Marsilid, Iprozid, Ipronid, Rivivol, Propilniazida) (discontinued worldwide except for France).
Mebanazine (Actomol).
Nialamide (Niamid).
Octamoxin (Ximaol, Nimaol).
Pheniprazine (Catron).
Phenoxypropazine (Drazine).
Pivalylbenzhydrazine (Tersavid).
Safrazine (Safra) (discontinued worldwide except for Japan).
Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil).
Selective MAO-A inhibitors:
Minaprine (Cantor).
Toloxatone (Humoryl).
List of RIMAs
Marketed pharmaceuticals:
Other pharmaceuticals.
Brofaromine (Consonar).
Eprobemide (Befol).
Methylene blue.
Metralindole (Inkazan).
Pirlindole (Pirazidol).
Naturally occurring RIMAs in plants:
Curcumin (selectivity for MAO-A and reliability of research on curcumin are disputed).
Harmaline.
Harmine.
Research compounds:
Amiflamine (FLA-336).
Befloxatone (MD-370,503).
Cimoxatone (MD-780,515).
Esuprone.
Sercloremine (CGP-4718-A).
Tetrindole.
CX157 (TriRima).
Categories Mental Health Treatment•Tags Antidepressant, Atypical Depression, MAO-A, MAO-B, MAO: Monoamine Oxidase, MAOI: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Panic Disorder, RIMA: Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase, SSRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, TCA: Tricyclic Antidepressants
What is Tranylcypromine?
Published on 07/27/2021 by Andrew Marshall1 Comment
Tranylcypromine (sold under the trade name Parnate among others) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI); more specifically, tranylcypromine acts as nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).
It is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent in the clinical treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, respectively.
Tranylcypromine is a propylamine formed from the cyclisation of amphetamine's side chain; therefore, it is classified as a substituted amphetamine.
Tranylcypromine was originally developed as an analogue of amphetamine. Although it was first synthesized in 1948, its MAOI action was not discovered until 1959. Precisely because tranylcypromine was not, like isoniazid and iproniazid, a hydrazine derivative, its clinical interest increased enormously, as it was thought it might have a more acceptable therapeutic index than previous MAOIs.
The drug was introduced by Smith, Kline and French in the United Kingdom in 1960, and approved in the United States in 1961. It was withdrawn from the market in February 1964 due to a number of patient deaths involving hypertensive crises with intracranial bleeding. However, it was reintroduced later that year with more limited indications and specific warnings of the risks.
Tranylcypromine is used to treat major depressive disorder, including atypical depression, especially when there is an anxiety component, typically as a second-line treatment. It is also used in depression that is not responsive to reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, such as the SSRIs, TCAs, or bupropion.
Contraindications include:
Porphyria.
Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.
Pheochromocytoma.
Tyramine, found in several foods, is metabolized by MAO. Ingestion and absorption of tyramine causes extensive release of norepinephrine, which can rapidly increase blood pressure to the point of causing hypertensive crisis.
Concomitant use of serotonin-enhancing drugs, including SSRIs, serotonergic TCAs, dextromethorphan, and meperidine may cause serotonin syndrome.
Concomitant use of MRAs, including fenfluramine, amphetamine, and pseudoephedrine may cause toxicity via serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crisis.
L-DOPA given without carbidopa may cause hypertensive crisis.
Tyramine is a common component in many foods, and is normally rapidly metabolised by MAO-A. Individuals not taking MAOIs may consume at least 2 grams of tyramine in a meal and not experience an increase in blood pressure, whereas those taking MAOIs such as tranylcypromine may experience a sharp increase in blood pressure following consumption of as little as 10 mg of tyramine, which can lead to hypertensive crisis.
Foods containing tyramine include aged cheeses, cured meats, tofu and certain red wines. Some, such as yeast extracts, contain enough tyramine to be potentially fatal in a single serving. Spoiled food is also likely to contain dangerous levels of tyramine.
Incidence of Adverse Effects
Very common (>10% incidence) adverse effects include:
Dizziness secondary to orthostatic hypotension (17%).
Common (1-10% incidence) adverse effects include:
Tachycardia (5-10%).
Hypomania (7%).
Paresthesia (5%).
Weight loss (2%).
Confusion (2%).
Dry mouth (2%).
Sexual function disorders (2%).
Hypertension (1-2 hours after ingestion) (2%).
Rash (2%).
Urinary retention (2%).
Other (unknown incidence) adverse effects include:
Increased/decreased appetite.
Blood dyscrasias.
Diarrhoea.
Oedema.
Hyperreflexia.
Jaundice.
Myalgia.
Palpitations.
Sensation of cold.
Suicidal ideation.
Tremor.
Of note, there has not been found to be a correlation between sex and age below 65 regarding incidence of adverse effects.
Tranylcypromine is not associated with weight gain and has a low risk for hepatotoxicity compared to the hydrazine MAOIs.
It is generally recommended that MAOIs be discontinued prior to anaesthesia; however, this creates a risk of recurrent depression. In a retrospective observational cohort study, patients on tranylcypromine undergoing general anaesthesia had a lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension, while there was no difference between patients not taking an MAOI regarding intraoperative incidence of bradycardia, tachycardia, or hypertension. The use of indirect sympathomimetic drugs or drugs affecting serotonin reuptake, such as meperidine or dextromethorphan poses a risk for hypertension and serotonin syndrome respectively; alternative agents are recommended. Other studies have come to similar conclusions. Pharmacokinetic interactions with anaesthetics are unlikely, given that tranylcypromine is a high-affinity substrate for CYP2A6 and does not inhibit CYP enzymes at therapeutic concentrations.
Tranylcypromine abuse has been reported at doses ranging from 120-600 mg per day. It is thought that higher doses have more amphetamine-like effects and abuse is promoted by the fast onset and short half-life of tranylcypromine.
Cases of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviours have been reported during tranylcypromine therapy or early after treatment discontinuation.
Symptoms of tranylcypromine overdose are generally more intense manifestations of its usual effects.
In addition to contraindicated concomitant medications, tranylcypromine inhibits CYP2A6, which may reduce the metabolism and increase the toxicity of substrates of this enzyme, such as:
Dexmedetomidine.
Nicotine.
TSNAs (found in cured tobacco products, including cigarettes).
Valproate.
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors prevent neuronal uptake of tyramine and may reduce its pressor effects.
Tranylcypromine acts as a nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Regarding the isoforms of monoamine oxidase, it shows slight preference for the MAOB isoenzyme over MAOA. This leads to an increase in the availability of monoamines, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, as well as a marked increase in the availability of trace amines, such as tryptamine, octopamine, and phenethylamine. The clinical relevance of increased trace amine availability is unclear.
It may also act as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor at higher therapeutic doses. Compared to amphetamine, tranylcypromine shows low potency as a dopamine releasing agent, with even weaker potency for norepinephrine and serotonin release.
Tranylcypromine has also been shown to inhibit the histone demethylase, BHC110/LSD1. Tranylcypromine inhibits this enzyme with an IC50 < 2 μM, thus acting as a small molecule inhibitor of histone demethylation with an effect to de-repress the transcriptional activity of BHC110/LSD1 target genes. The clinical relevance of this effect is unknown.
Tranylcypromine has been found to inhibit CYP46A1 at nanomolar concentrations. The clinical relevance of this effect is unknown.
Tranylcypromine reaches its maximum concentration (tmax) within 1-2 hours. After a 20 mg dose, plasma concentrations reach at most 50-200 ng/mL. While its half-life is only about 2 hours, its pharmacodynamic effects last several days to weeks due to irreversible inhibition of MAO.
Metabolites of tranylcypromine include 4-hydroxytranylcypromine, N-acetyltranylcypromine, and N-acetyl-4-hydroxytranylcypromine, which are less potent MAO inhibitors than tranylcypromine itself. Amphetamine was once thought to be a metabolite of tranylcypromine, but has not been shown to be.
Tranylcypromine inhibits CYP2A6 at therapeutic concentrations.
Tranylcypromine is known to inhibit LSD1, an enzyme that selectively demethylates two lysines found on histone H3. Genes promoted downstream of LSD1 are involved in cancer cell growth and metastasis, and several tumour cells express high levels of LSD1. Tranylcypromine analogues with more potent and selective LSD1 inhibitory activity are being researched in the potential treatment of cancers.
Tranylcypromine may have neuroprotective properties applicable to the treatment of Parkinson's disease, similar to the MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline. As of 2017, only one clinical trial in Parkinsonian patients has been conducted, which found some improvement initially and only slight worsening of symptoms after a 1.5 year follow-up.
Categories Mental Health Treatment•Tags Antidepressant, Anxiety Disorders, MAO: Monoamine Oxidase, MAOI: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Mood Disorders, Parnate, Tranylcypromine