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ReBuild re-vote approved
Add another item to the ballot.
Mayor Sylvester Turner
City Council on Wednesday unanimously agreed to put the controversial street and drainage program known as ReBuild Houston before voters again in November, but not before tweaking the ballot language in hopes of avoiding future court challenges.
The Turner administration should find out quickly if they were successful.
The lawyer who represented the conservative plaintiffs who got the Texas Supreme Court to throw out the original 2010 charter amendment already has asked a judge to force the city to include ballot language specifically stating that drainage fees will be imposed on and paid for by property owners.
Turner, however, has said approval of the charter amendment would be limited, calling it an an affirmation of "what already is," and saying it simply would solidify a dedicated source of funding to continue the ReBuild Houston program as it is being run today. The drainage fee, which is a key part of the program, is not at risk in the November referendum because it was created via city ordinance, not by the 2010 charter amendment.
"I think we all support a dedicated source (of funding)," Turner said Wednesday. "I think we all support the emphasis being placed on drainage, flooding and streets … We're all passionate about it, but I think there is more agreement than disagreement around this table."
See here for the background. I confess, it's not clear to me what the stakes are in this vote, just as it's not clear to me what the neverending litigation is about. As the story notes, Council voted to approve an ordinance that instituted the fee. Even with the obscure stakes, I doubt there's any ballot language short of language written by Andy Taylor himself that would satisfy Andy Taylor and his flood-loving plaintiffs. I'd put something on like "ReBuild is what we say it is, mofos", but then that's probably why I'm a blogger and not a public official. Be that as it may, a-voting we will go this fall. KUHF has more.
ReBuild re-vote?
ReBuild re-vote
New litigation against ReBuild Houston
Tagged: Andy Taylor · drainage · Election 2010 · Election 2018 · flooding · Houston · Houston City Council · lawsuit · Renew Houston · Supreme Court · Sylvester Turner
← This will be your last year to vote a straight party ticket It depends what the meaning of "intent" is →
That is what's happening – the mofo thing – it doesn't matter what the vote is, the rain tax will never be in a lock box and used for drainage. Terrible.
Awful that the ordinance was based on the illegal ballot language yet allowed to stand.
Ummm, the rain tax does actually go into a dedicated accounting fund, and is used for drainage projects. Some of those projects involve ripping out streets to get to the storm sewers, so there's some street work included.
Ummmm how much of the rain tax went to retire debt? How much goes to pay the salaries for jobs that existed before the rain tax?
None of the rain tax goes towards paying debt, that comes out of the General Fund. There's a page on the Rebuild Houston site that explains it.
If the employees are working on drainage projects, it is totally appropriate for their salaries and benefits to be charged against the projects.
I assume you would prefer to have no work done at all, and have the City continue to have drainage issues, or do you have a better alternative? Keep in mind that the revenue cap limits the amount of General Fund dollars, and that police and fire cost more than the total of all collected property taxes.
Ross, posted a link from rebuikd houston site about the debt, might show up in a bit. This is one reason for the lawsuit – people think that the rain tax just goes to drainage projects. That is wrong.
Rebuild does pay down debt – but not from the rain tax, it comes from the property tax portion of Rebuild. So I was wrong about that.
Street work, including asphalt layers, is 100% included in Rebuild. Bridges too.
Just because I'm opposed to bait and switch does not mean I don't want work done. And LOL on the "have the City continue to have drainage issues", I guess I didn't notice the end of drainage issues. Did that happen July 5th?


Part man. Part machine. ALL prop comic.
Just some good ole Jedis, never meanin no harm…Lukes of Hazzard!
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CNN's golden boy meets Bay Watch's golden girl: Pamela Anderson Cooper!
Fell in love with a Golden Girl…The Betty White Stripes!
The Super Freak from Dawson's Creek: Rick James Van Der Beek!
More like, "terrorizes" the mic like a vandal!
Fame has not been kind for poor Alex from Target.


Enders falls is part of a unique gorge near Granby Connecticut. This is an intimate look at Falls #5 as it spills over the infinity pool.
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Rob Jackson
Michelle and Kevin Douglas Provostial Professor and Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment and at the Precourt Institute for Energy
BioRob Jackson and his lab examine the many ways people affect the Earth. They seek basic scientific knowledge and use it to help shape policies and reduce the environmental footprint of global warming, energy extraction, and many other issues. They're currently examining the effects of climate change and droughts on forest mortality and grassland ecosystems. They are also working to measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the Global Carbon Project (globalcarbonproject.org), which Jackson chairs; examples of new research Rob is leading include establishing a global network of methane tower measurements at more than 50 sites worldwide and measuring and reducing methane emissions from oil and gas wells, city streets, and homes and buildings.
As an author and photographer, Rob has published a trade book about the environment (The Earth Remains Forever, University of Texas Press), two books of children's poems, Animal Mischief and Weekend Mischief (Highlights Magazine and Boyds Mills Press), and recent or forthcoming poems in the journals Southwest Review, Cortland Review, Cold Mountain Review, Atlanta Review, LitHub, and more. His photographs have appeared in many media outlets, including the NY Times, Washington Post, USA Today, US News and World Report, Science, Nature, and National Geographic News.
Rob is a current Guggenheim Fellow and sabbatical visitor in the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He is also a Fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Geophysical Union, and Ecological Society of America. He received a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering from the National Science Foundation, awarded at the White House.
Y2E2 Building, 379B
rob.jackson@stanford.edu
Thomas Jaramillo
Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, of Photon Science and Senior Fellow at the Precourt Institute for Energy
BioRecent years have seen unprecedented motivation for the emergence of new energy technologies. Global dependence on fossil fuels, however, will persist until alternate technologies can compete economically. We must develop means to produce energy (or energy carriers) from renewable sources and then convert them to work as efficiently and cleanly as possible. Catalysis is energy conversion, and the Jaramillo laboratory focuses on fundamental catalytic processes occurring on solid-state surfaces in both the production and consumption of energy. Chemical-to-electrical and electrical-to-chemical energy conversion are at the core of the research. Nanoparticles, metals, alloys, sulfides, nitrides, carbides, phosphides, oxides, and biomimetic organo-metallic complexes comprise the toolkit of materials that can help change the energy landscape. Tailoring catalyst surfaces to fit the chemistry is our primary challenge.
381 North-South Mall, Stauffer III
jaramillo@stanford.edu
Tom Jaramillo
Ramesh Johari
Professor of Management Science and Engineering and, by courtesy, of Electrical Engineering
BioJohari is broadly interested in the design, economic analysis, and operation of online platforms, as well as statistical and machine learning techniques used by these platforms (such as search, recommendation, matching, and pricing algorithms).
Huang Engineering Center, Room 311
rjohari@stanford.edu
http://web.stanford.edu/people/rjohari
Leigh Johnson
Academic Research & Program Officer, Precourt Institute for Energy
Affiliate, Precourt Institute for Energy
BioLeigh works closely with the faculty co-directors and staff to implement the institute's vision and strategic direction. She manages a team who supports the energy research, education and outreach mission of the institute and Stanford broadly. The institute serves as the hub for over 200 faculty across the university who conduct energy research, students from Stanford's seven schools, and staff from energy programs and centers across Stanford. Outreach activities engage stakeholders from industry, government and non-governmental organizations, academia and the Stanford alumni community in an energy ecosystem. Activities that serve this broad constituency include several annual conferences, topical workshops, student programs and the weekly Stanford Energy Seminar. The team covers energy news and information across the university through articles in Stanford Report, the institute's website, the monthly Stanford Energy News and social media.
Leigh started at Stanford in 2003 as project development director for the Provost Committee for the Environment, and as the first employee she served as associate director of programs at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment where she worked for seven years on a wide-range of entrepreneurial and programmatic activities. Prior to joining Stanford, Leigh worked in public relations at Regis McKenna Inc. and sales at IBM. Non-profit commitments have included: president of the Las Lomitas Education Foundation, president of the Ragazzi Boys Chorus Board of Directors, and docent for Y2E2 building tours. Leigh holds an A.B. degree in mathematics from Dartmouth College.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
By Maria Giulia Marini
Tagged: reviews
Numbers and narratives: some insight on "A philosopher goes to the doctor" by Dien Ho
A review of A philosopher goes to the doctor: A critical look at philosophical assumptions in medicine by Dien Ho, published by Routledge in 2019.
The common paradigm of narrative medicine, the most widespread one, is that physicians and healthcare providers are competent on technical skills, scientific knowledge but they lack narrative competence that can help them build more empathetic relationships with the patients [1].
In addition to creating a more empathetic care relationship, there is another reason for using narrative medicine. When health care professionals don't understand the contexts in which patients live, their beliefs, expectations, and values, providers cannot care for their patients properly. The commitment to maintain a shared decision-making clinical process means that clinicians ought to respect others' values and attitudes [2].
Physicians, scientists, psychologists and anthropologists clearly are invested in research and clinical applications of narrative medicine. Can philosophers provide reasons to establish the importance of narratives in modern medicine (especially not merely in terms of improving health outcomes)?
A philosopher goes to the doctor: A critical look at philosophical assumptions in medicine is an eye-opener. It introduces readers to how scientific knowledge is gained, how medical and scientific theories are tested (or not), and above all, the limits of our Western scientific method, especially our focus on finding solutions with biostatistics as urged on by Evidence-Based Medicine.
The problem with how evidence supports hypotheses, Dien Ho argues, has been around for centuries. The 18thcentury empiricist David Hume, for example, questions the foundation of probabilistic reasoning; he states we will never be certain that tomorrow that the sun will rise. The rising of the sun will be always a chance, with a high likelihood to happen but it is not a certainty. Hume's concern is not merely how we should live in an uncertain world but what epistemically justifies how we reason with probability. Ho's historic journey then takes us to the work of Karl Popper who was arguably the most influential scientific philosopher of the past century. Popper attempts to address Hume's worries about probability with this idea: something is likely to be true until is not falsified. This is the pillar of clinical trials; that is, the null hypothesis—unless evidence shows otherwise, the default is that there is no difference between placebo and the active drug. Defeating the null hypothesis becomes the basis of experimental design.
Ho recounts the classic example in astronomy of the discovery of Neptune by Le Verrier and Adams. Scientists had long noticed that Newtonian celestial mechanics had repeatedly failed to predict the precise location of Uranus. According to Popper's falsifiability approach, Newtonian physics should have been deductively rejected because it made false predictions with regards to Uranus. Yet, Le Verrier and Adams (and most astronomers of their time) did not reject Newton's physics; instead, they sought to identify possible hidden assumptions within the orthodox celestial view that might explain the incorrect predictions. Le Verrier and Adams posited independently that an eighth planet might exist and that its gravitational field was disturbing the orbit of Uranus. Using the perturbation of Uranus' orbits, Le Verrier and Adams calculated the mass and the orbit of the mysterious eighth planet which was later identified and named Neptune. This particular episode in the history of science, Ho argues, shows that the "logic of science" is hardly as clear cut as Popper had envisioned. Another example in physics comes from the work of Kuhn. If we consider Newtonian physics, mass is always conserved, but according to Einstein, mass is relativistic and is not conserved. If the meaning of scientific terms depends on the theory within which they are couched, then Newtonian "mass" has a different meaning than relativistic "mass." Kuhn's lesson is that comparing "mass" across different theories is akin to comparing syntactically identical words from two different languages. The incommensurability of theories should give us pause when we assess medicine; different people with diverse world views might understand medicine radically differently. In reality, conducting clinical trial is far more complex than Popper suggests—it is almost impossible to avoid all biases. Furthermore, it is rather short-sighted to continue to view science in such simplistic ways. Ho suggests that we should view medicine as a part of our overall cultural practice.
Should we stop conducting clinical trials? No, not at all, Ho urges. But, we should be mindful of the limits and uncertainty inherent in our scientific method. Scientific interferences often involve a vast number of considerations that include what we observe and interpret. To ensure that our inferences are warranted, researchers try to minimize the numbers of possible confounding factors (which are there in nature and culture) with the goal of hitting a 0.05 p-value (that is, 5% chance of false positive). This limit is arbitrary, however. We can demand a higher threshold of certainty but constraints such as funding limitations require that we trade certainty for some non-epistemic benefits. Moreover, given the diversity of real life settings, it is not clear how we can universally translate bench-side discoveries to bed-side applications. This is one reason why the application of EBM is so fundamentally challenging in clinical practice.
A wonderful insight by Ho is presented in the investigation of our reliance on causality to explain why things happen which is a key research goal in epidemiology and medicine. Consider a concrete example: if I smoke and drink alcohol, I have a higher relative risk of developing lung or colon cancer respectively. The causal link is well established by science and it is one of the clearest biological causal relationships in epidemiology. This causal chain, however, does not include the origins of my addictions: Why do I smoking? Why do I drink? How is my happiness/wellbeing in life? Almost no one has invested money in a clinical trial exploring the causal connection between happiness and lung cancer or colon cancer. For starter, the depression scale is stuck in the hands of psychiatrist and psychologists and does not reach oncologists. The questionnaire of quality of life of oncological patients are asking only superficial questions of mood: it relates how the disease impacts the patient's current life; it does not explore how life was before illness. Understanding the limitations of of etiological and pathological causality provides a wonderful place for narrative medicine to enter and contribute to the conversation.
Ho emphasizes how science often oversimplifies the acceptance or rejection of causal relationships: in locating the therapeutic effectiveness of a treatment or the causal power of risk factors, researchers make numerous assumptions of what qualifies as plausible causal agents. For instance, we do not draw causal connection between my wonderful red coat and my wellbeing on the ground that I believe it will protect me against evil and the red colour will give me energy? Modern medicine generally eschews investment in research that does not square with the dominate medical paradigm. In a liberal democracy, however, we pay taxes or insurances to have health care; should we have a say in the direction of research? Should we ask scientists to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of old anthropologic superstitions? Ho criticizes, and I agree totally with him (as I have written in my book [3]), the way decisions are made and the manner money is allocated in health care. Some drugs are covered by insurance and National Health Service but other "alternative" or "complementary" medical practices, such as Yoga, are excluded. In the case of Yoga, it is even worse because there are trials that provides evidence for the health benefits of Yoga that can help save a lot of money on hypertension pills. Understanding the limits and biases of the scientific method makes us become better scientists—it broadens what constitutes "plausible" in our quest of finding out what is "true."
Ho's chapter on explanations in medicine is very interesting: when we infer a hypothesis on the basis of our observations, we are engaging in inference to the best explanation. These explanations are storytelling. Hilary Putnam, an influential philosopher of last century, reinforces the need to have explanations: "if we have no explanation our success in sciences are reduced to miracles." The case of Ignaz Semmelweis and how he invented a story based on the observation of women's increased risks of dying in his hospital after baby delivery as opposed to those who gave birth at home is a paradigmatic case of the importance of using intuition, observation, and logical thinking. Semmelweis, without any technological support, was right in his hypothesizing. Unlike other scientists whose contributions were heralded and accepted (for instance identifying the cause of pellagra by Goldberger), Semmelweis was banished by the scientific community. Another contemporary example I can bring is Neuroplasticity—a term which was practically forbidden to use in most of the 20th century. The orthodox theory of brain cells was that we possess finite amounts of neurons. These neurons are fixed and they can only deteriorate in our lifetime. Numerous imaging studies have shown that this static view is wrong [4]. Although brain cell deterioration exists, we now know that there is also the possibility to activate silent neurons and build new synapses. Neuroplasticity is slowly entering into the neurological and rehabilitation debate as an accepted view.
Ho in the end of the book calls for a science more open to criticism, a humbler medical system, and the closing of the gap between science and the humanities.
The subtitle of my book Narrative Medicine is "Bridging the gap between evidence-based care and medical humanities." When I wrote this subtitle I was taking for granted the fact that the scientific competence is somehow indisputable. My book focused on empowering the relational competence through the classic tools of narrative medicine.
Now, through this book A philosopher goes to the doctor, we take one step beyond: we are not only using narrative method since we want to be more empathetic; instead the limits, biases, and personal interpretations question whether science is as objective, "pure," and value-free as we have assumed. Narrative does not differ in "social status" from quantitative research and it can certainly contribute in research, clinical practice, and education.
With a metaphor, I would conclude that Numbers are Sons and Narratives are Daughters of Science and Care: the masculine and the feminine according to the Jungian theory, or the Yin and the Yang. A philosopher goes to the doctor ought to be read by current and future doctors and researchers. More than this, it is also a must read by current and future health humanists because we all have to learn about the power and boundaries of our current scientific and medical method.
[1] Charon R, The patient-physician relationship. Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession, and trust. JAMA 2001 Oct 17;286(15):1897-902.
[2] Greenhalgh T, Russell J, Swinglehurst D. Narrative methods in quality improvement research. Qual Safe Health Care. 2005;14(6):443–9.
[3] Marini MG (2016). Narrative Medicine: Bridging the Gap between Evidence-Based Care and Medical Humanities. Springer.
[4] Ramachandran, VS (2011). The tell-tale brain: A neuroscientist's quest for what makes us human. New York, NY, US: W W Norton & Co.
Written by Maria Giulia Marini
Epidemiologist and counselor – 30 years of professional life in health care. Classic humanistic background, including the study of Latin and ancient Greek, followed by scientific academic studies, chemistry and pharmacology. First years of career, in private international environment. I worked in medical research, moved to health care organization, getting academic specialization in Epidemiology. Later, in consultancy and health care education. Counselor with transactional analysis orientation. Currently, director of Innovation in Health Care Area of Fondazione ISTUD, an independent not for profit Italian Business School with an humanistic approach acknowledged by the Italian Ministry of Researech.. Active member of the board of Italian Society of Narrative Medicine, tenured professor of Narrative Medicine at Hunimed, Milan, and in 2016, referee for World Health Organization for "Narrative Method in Public Health." Writer of the book; "Narrative medicine: Bridging the gap between Evidence Based care and Medical Humanities," edited with Springer and of international publications on narrative medicine in scientific journals. Last book "The Languages of care in narrative medicine: words, space and sounds in the healthcare ecosystem". Lecturer in different international contexts from Academy to Public and Private Foundations.


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http://pathfinderfoundation.org/modules/mod_image_show_gk4/cache/slides.hb_1gk-is-118.jpglink
http://pathfinderfoundation.org/modules/mod_image_show_gk4/cache/slides.hb_03gk-is-118.jpglink
*Debating and Advocating Policy Reforms
*Highlighting Emerging Economic Trends, Challenges & Opportunities.
*Communicating Alternative Views
*Enhancing Knowledge
*Strengthening Economic and Other Relations for Mutual Benefit.
*Historical Memory as a Tool for Reconciliation
China's Bold Market Oriented Reforms
The Communist Party of China, which at one time sent...
Emerging Power of the Yuan…
The US government shutdown and the debt ceiling crisis have...
Great Leap Forward in Sino-Lankan…
Great Leap Forward in Sino-Lankan Relations- A way forward China's Steadfast...
The Pathfinder Foundation Felicitated
The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Sri Lanka recognized the Pathfinder Foundation as one of its top 10 partners at a ceremony to mark Chinese New Year and Sri Lanka's National Day held at the BMICH on Friday 17th January. President Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister D.M Jayaratne, Minister of Health Maithreepala Sirisena, Minister of External Affairs G.L Peiris and Secretary to the President Lalith Weeratunga were among those present at this ceremony. Here Chinese Ambassador Wu Jianghao presents the top 10 partners award to Mr. Milinda Moragoda, Founder of the Pathfinder Foundation.
PF Projects On Going / Economic Flash
Recent Fiscal & Monetary Measures Commendable: Further Action for Consolidation
The Pathfinder Foundation (PF) welcomes the measures adopted by the Authorities in recent weeks. PF has consistently advocated the use of the exchange rate, interest rate and fiscal measures in a flexible and pragmatic manner to achieve macroeconomic stabilization. It is encouraging that the measures taken so far have arrested the hemorrhaging of the country's foreign reserves and placed the economy on a path towards stabilization.


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There will be a qualifying stage (June-July) and a Final (end of July) for the top 12 teams. Every participant will receive a dozen microfluidic devices and a microscope (from CytoSMART) for a week. Images from the microscope will be uploaded to the cloud automatically, analyzed automatically, and the 12 teams selected for the Final.
Nice surprise when validating the Dicty protocol in Kortholt lab !


text:
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stub('VisionClientStub', Google\Cloud\Vision\VisionClient::class);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Instagram accounts with the most followers worldwide 2020
Most popular global mobile messaging apps 2019
Twitter: number of monthly active users 2010-2019
Mobile app usage - Statistics & Facts
Internet usage in India - Statistics & Facts
Online Video & Entertainment
Distribution of mobile gamers in China 2019, by city tier
This statistic shows the results of a survey about the city tier distribution of mobile gamers in China as of April 2019. During the survey period, around 35 percent of the surveyed mobile game users were from tier-2 cities in China.
Distribution of mobile game users in China as of April 2019, by city tier
among mobile game users
According to the source, tier-1 cities include Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou; tier-2 cities include Chengdu, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Tianjin, Nanjing, Chongqing, Xi'an, Changsha, Qingdao, Shenyang, Dalian, Xiamen, Suzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi.; tier-3 cities include Fuzhou, Hefei, Zhengzhou, Harbin, Foshan, Jinan, Dongguan, Kunming, Taiyuan, Nanchang, Nanning, Wenzhou, Shijiazhuang, Changchun, Quanzhou, Guiyang, Changzhou, Zhuhai, Jinhua,Yantai, Haikou, Huizhou, Urumqi, Xuzhou, Weifang, Luoyang, Nantong, Yangzhou, and Shantou; tier-4 cities refer to provincial cities and cities other than tier-1, 2 and 3 cities above.
Video Games & Gaming
Gaming on a mobile phone in the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018, by age
Digital video game sales revenue in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2018
Age distribution of digital video game consumers in the UK 2018, by method
Online gaming among children in the United Kingdom (UK) 2017-2018, by age
Statistics on "Online gaming in the United Kingdom (UK)"
Video game retail sales revenue in the UK 2012-2018, by sales channel
Digital console and online games: consumer spending in the United Kingdom (UK) 2018
Consumer spending on video games in the United Kingdom (UK) 2018, by category
Leading services used for digital video games in the United Kingdom (UK) 2018
Online gaming services ranked by awareness in the United Kingdom as of March 2018
Leading gaming apps in Google Play in Great Britain 2019, by downloads
Online gaming penetration in European countries Q1 2018
Online video game accessing in the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018, by frequency
Video game software: Online purchasing in Great Britain 2019, by demographic
Digital video game downloading and accessing in the UK 2018, by demographic
Illegal digital video game consumption in the UK 2012-2018
Mobile gaming: consumer spending in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2018
Mobile gaming penetration in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2018
Tablet gaming penetration in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2018
Tablet gaming in the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018, by gender
Video game studios: Share with mobile focus in the United Kingdom (UK) 2010-2018
Top mobile game genres played by heavy gamers across India 2016
Daily internet activities of heavy gamers across India - by time spent 2016
Top mobile game genres played by casual gamers across India 2016
Daily internet activities of casual gamers across India - by time spent 2016
Device preference of online gamers across India 2016
Device preference of heavy gamers across India 2016
Device preference of casual gamers across India 2016
Main online entertainment formats among mobile gamers in China 2019
Number of monthly active users of Tencent's game Honour of Kings 2018-2019
Colombia: share of online video game consumers 2017, by age group
Online & mobile gaming revenue in Asia Pacific 2012
Most popular mobile e-sports competition types in China 2018
Willingness to watch mobile e-sports competitions in the future in China 2018
Number of mobile games MAU in Asia 2014-2017
Colombia: share of online video game consumers 2017, by gender
Monthly gross billings for Tencent's leading ten mobile games 2018-2019
Mobile gamers in China 2012, by employment
Mobile gaming Video Game Industry Mobile app usage Mobile app monetization Online Gaming Industry
iResearch. (April 26, 2019). Distribution of mobile game users in China as of April 2019, by city tier [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 29, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004770/china-share-of-mobile-gamers-by-city-tier/
iResearch. "Distribution of mobile game users in China as of April 2019, by city tier." Chart. April 26, 2019. Statista. Accessed January 29, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004770/china-share-of-mobile-gamers-by-city-tier/
iResearch. (2019). Distribution of mobile game users in China as of April 2019, by city tier. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 29, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004770/china-share-of-mobile-gamers-by-city-tier/
iResearch. "Distribution of Mobile Game Users in China as of April 2019, by City Tier." Statista, Statista Inc., 26 Apr 2019, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004770/china-share-of-mobile-gamers-by-city-tier/
iResearch, Distribution of mobile game users in China as of April 2019, by city tier Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004770/china-share-of-mobile-gamers-by-city-tier/ (last visited January 29, 2020)


text:
Articles > Building Products & Structures
Brett Martin rooflights play a part in Olympic Stadium roof
Rooflight manufacturer Brett Martin has supplied a series of products to the Olympic Stadium as part of its transformation into a multi-use stadium.
The stadium is managed by E20 Stadium LLP, a joint venture between the London Legacy Development Corporation and Newham Council. The works were headed by main contractor Balfour Beatty.
Host to five Rugby World Cup 2015 games this autumn, the Olympic Stadium will become the permanent home ground of West Ham Football Club in 2016.
The stadium features a 45,000m2 tensile roof which incorporates 87 tonnes of Brett Martin's polycarbonate, made up of 4,384 sheets of Marlon CS profiled sheet.
Tom Olgivie, managing director of Brett Martin Daylight Systems, commented: "The transformation of the former Olympic Stadium has been a feat of production and delivery logistics with each sheet cut to size forming 1,684 unique shapes.
Each sheet was labelled with a unique placement code to give its location on the roof and then stacked in order they were used to ease the job for Building Envelope Specialists Lakesmere during the installation of the rooflight sheet."
The transparent roof covers the entire seating area of the stadium, which has a capacity of 54,000. By incorporating Brett Martin's Marlon CS Longlife profiled polycarbonate sheet, spectators will be able to enjoy a bright, airy environment that is protected from the elements and the sun's UV rays.
Marlon CS Longlife polycarbonate comes with a co-extruded UV protection layer and carries a 10 year warranty on light transmission and durability.
Brett Martin Plastic Sheets,
24 Roughfort Road,
Newtownabbey,
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Visit Brett Martin's website


Where do we draw the line as to culturally acceptable and unacceptable behavior?
My sister has been watching My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding on Netflix. She was describing to me an American subculture that few of us even know about, let alone think about. As she described it, I felt as if she was describing an acid-colored version of a Regency romance set in early 19th century England.
According to my sister, the gypsies marry when they the girls are quite young (with the girls' age at the time of the wedding hovering around 15). Although social occasions such as dances are commonplace, girls and boys are never allowed to be together unchaperoned and it's entirely possible for a girl to reach the altar without even having kissed her future husband.
The girls must be virgins when they marry, even though my sister says that they dress exactly like hookers during the courting phase. The boys are expected to get sexual experience with non-gypsy girls.
This social structure considers housewifely virtues the highest calling for a girl, so they are taken out of school when they're still very young. They then settle down to a life of housekeeping and baby-making. Meanwhile, the men, who are also usually high school drop-outs make their living in itinerant trades. A profitable one is, apparently, selling paving services door to door. Working hard, they can make as much as $10,000 a week — which is a good thing because the gypsy culture is very image oriented. A wedding dress 6 feet across covered with crystals is commonplace.
And with those words, I crashed right into cultural relativism. If I think my culture is the best — with girls having the same academic and professional opportunities as men — why am I willing to let these American gypsy girls get herded into marital servitude? And if that's something I'm good with, why does it bug me when Muslim families swath their daughters in burqas? The first I greet with a resigned shrug; the second with a frisson of fear and distaste.
I was struggling to figure out where the lines exist for me, and came up with two principles. First, it depends if a moral absolute is concerned. When 19th century Indian wives were forced by culture to climb upon their husbands' funeral pyres, that was culturally sanctioned murder. Lord William Bentinck was correct to end it on his watch. A moral country cannot allow its female citizens to be murdered — something that makes honor killings beyond the pale too. Taking a girl out of school to get married may be a waste of a good mind or promising talent, but education is not a moral imperative; it's a cultural luxury.
Second, I'm more upset about differing cultures if I feel they pose a risk to me. Unlike the gypsies, who keep themselves to themselves, my feeling when I see a Muslim man with his burqa-clad wife or daughter is that he's eying me and my daughter as future burqa wearers. While mine may be a tolerant culture, his is a conquering one, and there's no doubt that he and his co-religionists think the world would be a better place if women and girls came neatly packaged in burlap.
Are there bright lines here that I'm missing or more nuanced arguments I could/should be making? Please let me know.
Mom's in the hospital again and suffering greatly, not in body, but in mind. She's mildly delusional, and very paranoid, angry and anxious. I can't imagine how grim it is to live in her head.
I'm going for moral absolutism here: I believe that my system, which is predicated on maximum individual freedom within a framework of stable laws, is the best. If two systems, mine and another that is more repressive, find themselves clashing over physical or mental control of people, I believe my system must win, and the other system must be defeated, even if that battle spills blood and causes the death of innocents. I justify these deaths on the ground that, over the long run, my system will provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people, while any other system (e.g., Communism or radical Islam) will force great suffering on people for an indefinite amount of time.
At this point in my thinking, I don't care that the Islamist or the Communist thinks I'm the evil and he's the good. If I lie down right now and refuse to do battle, he wins, and I will have perpetuated what is, in my absolutist universe, the greatest wrong of all, which is to allow evil — admitted evil as I define it — to flourish.
I am very interested in what you have to say on the subject.
Incidentally, it's worth thinking in this regard that part of my Mom's continuing mental anguish is that she spent WWII interned in a Japanese concentration camp in a war the Japanese started and that she spent the Israeli War of Independence getting shot at by Arabs who refused to recognize the Jewish state. Those events created a lifelong anxiety that kept her alive during war, but that is slowly and depressingly killing her in old age.
I don't know how many others have noticed (probably no one), but absent context, your modern professional baseball team — bearded, dirty-looking, pot-bellied, standing around, spitting and brawling — is remarkably close in appearance to the crowd at a Hell's Angel's gathering. Substantively, of course, they're not the same at all, but a quick glance might prove confusing.
The same holds true in politics and, more specifically, in the world of moral equivalence that is the hallmark of the Left. I've been grappling with this thought a lot the last few days, since I was unfortunate enough to catch the first five minutes of The Fence, an HBO "documentary" about the wall Congress authorized between Mexico and the U.S. During those first five minutes, the narrator described Congress authorizing funds for the fence, and then said something along the lines of "although a fence doesn't seem like a very American concept." To illustrate this, the film makers showed two clips: Kennedy saying our nation does not need walls and Reagan say "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down these walls!" At that point, I turned the show off.
I don't have much more to add. I'd love your examples of moral equivalence on the Left, of the type that involves jettisoning meaning and context in order to falsely pair completely unrelated moral or practical concepts.
In an earlier post, I directed your attention to the incredibly disturbing footage of Pakistani village authorities brutally whipping a teenage girl before a throng of men, because she violated Sharia norms by being seen in public with her father in law. The footage is disturbing on many levels, not the least of which is the fact that the whole spectacle has a pornographic smell to it, one that makes clear how much of Sharia law is driven by Muslims' deep fear of female sexuality — but that's a rumination for another day.
What I want to talk about is whether this could ever happen here. Certainly Muslims want it to happen here. Their oft stated goal is a Sharia-compliant world, with every nation having as its one and only law Sharia law. Given this goal, and given the Islamists' willingness to steal planes and acquire bombs and lust after anthrax, it's more than just a hypothetical possibility.
But I don't think we need to worry right now about Sharia appearing in the West courtesy of a mushroom shaped cloud or virulent bacteria. The more immediate concern is the fact that, through political correctness, the Western world is already reading itself to deal with creeping sharia law.
Leading the way, as always, is England, which is allowing sharia courts, even though there is every indication that this will trap Muslim women in a British sharia hell; routinely banning pigs from public discourse (Oh Piglet, Piglet, wherefore art though Piglet?); slavishly redesigning innocuous packaging to avoid ruffling Muslim sensibilities (ice cream, anybody?); protecting men from being charged with dangerous traffic violations so they can speed from one wife to another; etc. The list is endless.
In America, we periodically hear stories about accommodations for Muslims who don't want to drive people carrying alcohol (as if it could leap out of the bottle spontaneously and attack the driver); about Muslims refusing to share public university prayer spaces; about Muslims demanding special foot baths at public universities (and weren't those high tech "required" foot baths a popular item in the vast Saudi Arabian desert in the 7th Century); or about Muslim women insisting that their driver's license show nothing more than their eyes, rather than conceding that, if they want to practice the extreme Islamic tradition of a hijab, maybe driving is not an option.
On the whole, we in America are a solicitous people and, with our pluralist religious history, we're willing to make reasonable accommodations. Generally, we like it that people are able to live religious lives — as long as they don't impinge on our own lives. What's different about the Muslim demands is the impingement that goes with them — you may not drive in our publicly licensed taxis unless you change your behavior; you may not worship in this public space unless you worship our way; you must abandon the commonly accepted public safety feature of a photo ID card so our women can be anonymous; and so on and so forth.
Each of these Islamic incursions on the public space has resulted in a hoo-ha (otherwise we wouldn't know about them), and most, when they become known, have been reversed. The fact remains, however, that there cumulative effect from these sharia attacks on our culture that is akin to water dripping on rock. One drop has no effect. Two drops, no effect. A thousand drops, no effect. But you get enough drops and the shape of the rock — in this case, the shape of the American body social and politic — begins to change and to conform to the water's ceaseless demands.
I have an Irish friend who firmly believes that America's deep rooted sense of liberty cannot be so easily drip-dropped away, whether the drops fall from the Sharia cadre or from the statists in the Obama administration. He believes that a deep, long-lived history focused on individualism and independence will rebel. I wonder.
I'd like to think that, if I were that teenage girl about to get flogged, I'd fight and fight and fight. I'd be hurt anyway, but at least I wouldn't just yield to barbarity. But even if I fought, even if I waved the flag of independence, and humanism, and freedom, would it matter if everyone stood around me and stared, as those men in the crowd watching the beating stand and stare. I'd be willing to bet that, in that crowd, many were true believers, and many were men whose stomachs churned at the horror, but who said nothing, because they were trained to accept. Whatever their reason, they stood and they stared.
In this regard, it's worth noting that, when Hitler came to power in 1933, he did so with just barely more than 50% of the popular vote. There was never a time when the majority of Germans were members of the Nazi party. For most Germans, right through the end of the War, their crime wasn't active complicity with Nazi atrocities, it was passive complicity. From a mixture of fear and brain washing, they just went along.
As I said, my Irish friend thinks Americans won't just go along. But when I look at what passes for education in our public schools, I'm very worried that we're raising a generation that will be so compliant and so lacking in a non-relativistic sense of right and wrong that, first, they'll allow creeping sharia to become dominant sharia (so un-PC to object) and, second, once it's dominant they, through a mixture of fear and braining washing, will just go along. And they too will stand their silently and watch when one of their school mates is flogged bloody or hanged or decapitated for having violated sharia norms.
The 2010 election matters. It matters not just because I don't like Obama's economic and social policies. It also matters because it is the last election in which Americans will have a chance to renew their sense of individualism and liberalism. You see, while Obama thinks he's paving the way for a wonderful socialist state, I think he's unwittingly grooming the population to be the passive recipients of law laid down by true believers who make Obama and his progressives look like impotent little children.
UPDATE: I was spurred to write the above post because of the video I watched showing the girl getting beaten. Turns out, though, that creeping sharia is on other people's minds — not how we might respond to the more extreme demands, but how we are responding to the "reasonable" demands.
What our kids hear, day in and day out, is moral relativism. It's the top note to their lives, whether it comes on TV, in cheesy movies, on the news or, most commonly, at school. That might not be the only lesson they're learning, though. The other lesson, the subliminal one, might be about good old fashioned values of good versus evil, and the need to save the former by fighting the latter.
As you may recall, two years ago I wrote a lengthy article about the moral lessons in the hugely popular Lord of the Ring, Harry Potter and Narnia books and movies. Others have caught the strong whiff of Christianity in the last Harry Potter book, and I have noted that, while Rowling has announced that Dumbledore, an almost saintlike character is gay, the unhappy personal history she gave him is not an advertisement for the free and easy gay lifestyle. In other words, each of these hugely popular literary and movie franchises advances profoundly conservative values.
Perhaps it's no surprise that these conservative messages resonate so strongly with movie goers. A good story is about tension, and the best stories are about moral tension. In a completely relativistic world, where all people — no matter what they do — are accorded precisely the same level of moral respect, how the heck are you going to have a compelling story? Batman — good. The Joker — good. Harry Potter — good. Voldemort — good. And if you concede that The Joker and Voldemort are doing bad things in this vapid world of moral relativism, you're still obligated to explain their acts away by pointing to their genetics or their bad childhoods. Really, under those circumstances, it's downright cruel for Batman or Harry Potter to hunt and hound to death these poor victims of society.
There are no good people or bad people. There are only people who have different cultural values. My deep and abiding respect for the multicultural principles underlying moral relativism demand that I accept as culturally reasonable the fact that terrorists in Iraq strapped a remote-controlled bomb to an eight year old girl in order to demonstrate their resistance to Western imperialism by blowing up an Iraqi commander.
Aw, the heck with it. These people are monsters. This is subhuman behavior that is the antithesis of anything resembling civilization. I wouldn't be surprised if one of the "masterminds" sacrificed his own daughter to this plot. Nothing can be said to excuse this act.


In a medium bowl, whisk together the peanut butter, soy sauce, rice vinegar, sesame oil, Sriracha, water, ginger, garlic, brown sugar, and water.
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to the package instructions. Drain and run under cold water to cool.
Combine pasta with the sliced vegetables in a large bowl.
Pour the dressing over the pasta and vegetables and mix well. Cover and chill for at least 1 hour, or overnight. To serve, garnish with chopped cilantro and peanuts.
I used a spiralizer for my cucumbers and carrots, also through in extra green onion at the end and some extra sriracha when making the sauce! Huge hit! Will definitely make this again.
We use the sauce recipe over warm rice noodles and toss in extra veg and chicken for dinner. So yum!
Was super delicious! I added some roasted broccoli and tofu for protein.


text:
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2 Views on the Movie, 50 Shades of Grey
February 16, 2015 By: aandtcomment
Although we normally wouldn't review a movie in an advice related website, the relationships and intimacy issues which the book 50 Shades of Grey brought up have been examined by us on several occasions. Now that the movie has come out to be received by record crowds, we at leatherandlaceadvice felt it necessary to compare and contrast the movie to the book , to what we've said previously, and to the reality of the issues the book and the movie have brought up.
Tony's Take (HIS view): The genre of this film is an extension of your basic romantic novel. A young innocent woman's heart is captured by that of a blaggart pirate, but she shows some substance and attempts to make him see that she is worth him giving up his evil ways. That said, obviously, the plot is not what is making people go to this film. The interest is in sex — involving what is dominance and submission, bondage and discipline, and the dark side; sadism and masochism. This is collectively known as BDSM.
As we discussed in other posts, your average sexually curious couple does not have several billion dollars, a jet, a helicopter and an apartment that encompasses two entire floors of a building, plus a full staff to take care of every need. This is all window dressing. The author originally intended the book to be about psychological control, Christian wanting control over every aspect of Ana's life. The author was channeling 9 1/2 Weeks and Looking for Mr. Goodbar (books from 20 and 30 years ago that explored this type of psychological control). In fact, the ending of the movie, which was disappointing to many, was the escape from such control. In this case, unlike the book, without a chance for redemption in the relationship.
Both the book and the movie as a study of BDSM and of its lifestyle fail (for the most part) to understand the relationship between a Dominant and a Submissive. Ultimately, as you can see a little bit in Ana, the submissive actually owns the power in the relationship because if she is unwilling to go along (to "play"), then there is no Dominant/Submissive relationship. A Dominant cares deeply about their submissive because it is only through them and their feelings that the Dominant feels alive and fulfilled. The Dominant needs to feel appreciated and cherished for the time and effort and attention they pay to their submissive. In short, there is an intimate relationship between a Dominant and a Submissive. The book and the movie's failings is that this intimacy never comes through. Instead, it is replaced by eroticism and psychological coercesion.
Other than the savage beating with a belt which Ana hopes will bring Christian closure (but only poisons the relationship), the other erotic scenes in the movie are very close to reality in a Dominant and Submissive or Bondage and Discipline lifestyle. The first scene with the riding crop (quirt) is very much how a Dominant will tease a Submissive, as is using ice cubes as Christian did in the second red room scene. Both are designed to bring the Submissive (in this case, Ana) to higher levels of pleasure and to make her understand that she is the sole object of all of his concentration, inventiveness, affection, and sexual energy.
Although this movie is somewhat erotic, it is actually not very sexy and lives well within its "R" rating. Like any good bodice ripper, Christian's shirts (which were linen in the book), were replaced by polo shirts, because they look sexier when he pulls them over his head to expose his manly chest. As for Ana, although she spends much of the film naked from the waist up, she was chosen at least in part, because she is not overly endowed (and therefore the eroticism doesn't slip into overt sexuality).
In summary, the red room scenes show some of the intimacy and relationship between a dominant and a submissive, but most of the rest of the actions by the characters are there to fill a stereotype story line with a different set of stereotype psychology hangups which have nothing to do with BDSM. All couples need outside influences to keep intimacy strong. The care that a Dominant gives to a Submissive is one way to strengthen that intimacy. But unlike what is portrayed in the movie, To Shades of Grey, this type of intimacy does not require implements of pain, because that is not pleasing to all people. It can be as simple as as soft feather, a makeup brush, or an ice cube — just to enhance the pleasure of your partner. The movie is worth seeing just to see what is possible, and it will entertain you for the two hours that it runs. However, you won't walk away thinking this is the best or most inspiring film you have ever seen, nor is it a blueprint for a healthy BDSM relationship.
Tony Sabatini aka. "Leather" of LeatherandLaceadvice.com
Alison's Take (HER View): I have a bias about seeing movies after I've read the book (and I did read all three volumes in the 50 Shades of Grey Trilogy). Once I've firmly set in my mind how the characters in a book should be, I don't ever feel comfortable with someone else's vision supplanting mine.
My first introduction to 50 Shades of Grey happened when I was visiting a friend in North Carolina, at the unlikely location of a consignment boutique. At the front register, four women were eagerly chattering away about a book, and they were so animated, I moved in closer to hear what the book was. It was 50 Shades of Grey. Eventually I got around to reading the trilogy. As a book reviewer, I've read many other erotic and romantic novels since then, some of them about BDSM (see our 2-Part feature on author Ernest Greene and his book Master of O). When I went to see the movie "50 Shades of Grey," several things were brought back to mind.
I wondered why women (a lot of them middle aged, married with children) were so incredibly enthusiastic about the books, and waited on line in the cold to get in to see the movie. But halfway through the movie, I found a clue. Christian is a hard case who is so rigid in his ways, no woman has broken through (his mother has never seen him with a girlfriend, for example, and he doesn't do "romance"). But in the movie, Christian says to Ana: "I have never spent the night in the same bed with a woman before you" and Christian mentions a few other "firsts" with Ana, and then he says: "Ana, you are changing me." Even though the soundtrack was loud, you could hear the collective sigh in the audience. While the sensible thing to understand is that you should never try to change someone (especially a man), women believe in their hearts that they are so special that they can win a man's heart and make him — no matter how flawed — change his ways to become the man of their dreams. Women believe that they alone will be about to touch one man so deeply ( as Ana does) that that they will have that power to change him. Perhaps that's the real allure of the books and the movie. It's not the sex. It's not the luxury. It's the fact that a mousy, innocent girl somehow can make a powerful billionnaire with serious flaws, change for her. She alone, can make him do things he never imagined he could ever do because of her love.
Continuing on this thought: Ana might moderate some of Christian's behavior, but in return Christian is changing Ana, too. As she continues to stay with Christian, Ana gets used to having a driver, fancy clothes, good wine, and she even begins to enjoy being a submissive. While she never signs the required contract and she doesn't allow Christian to go past her hard limits (and she never actually agrees to be his submissive), she does allow him Dominant behavior toward her so she does become his Submissive. In effect, haven't they both changed each other?
There's another moment in the movie where Ana begs Christian to be "normal" and do "normal" things. "Why can't you just be normal? she begs. "This is just the way I am, I am just 50 shades of fucked up" Christian replies in obvious frustration. While the movie shows Christian's scars on his body, they don't go into the reasons. His scars run much deeper than the physical. This is where the movie really fails, for it's here that Christian's need to control and why he really feels compelled to bring women to his "red room of pain" begins. Christian is a man who had a horrible start in life with a drug-addicted prostitute mother who abandoned him. He has so much rage that every woman he meets becomes in effect (his mother) and the object of his anger instead of the object of his love. That's why he can't really love anyone and let them into his life.
One last point that really bothered me both in the trilogy and in the movie is the illusion of the ideal life as a "trophy." In the books, Ana is given every ounce of luxury. In the movie, you see her in pretty clothes, but it is unclear that Christian had "rules" for what she could (and could not) wear. And while movie-goers see Ana getting a new car for graduation, Christian takes the liberty of selling her old car that she loved, without even asking her (in the book he decides her car is too old to be safe so he won't let her use it). When Ana needs some time to think about whether or not she can continue to be with Christian and goes to see her mother, he refuses to give her that space, "surprising" her by showing up uninvited and without warming (he does that often in the early stages of the relationship). Under the guise of giving her everything, Ana loses herself to the ultimate control freak (but women in the audience are thinking: Oh, but she's the center of his world…how utterly romantic). What Christian does (and what the audience fails to see) is that Christian is performing the ultimate invasion of Ana's privacy and takeover of her personality. As the books progress, Ana has less and less control over any aspect of her life until she completely loses herself, letting Christian make all her decisions and reverse any that she might make on her own if he doesn't like them.
After the movie ended, four women in front of Tony and I who clearly had never read the books started talking about how disappointed and sad they were, because the movie didn't have their wished-for happy ending. Tony told them that if they read all of the books they would find the happy ending because Christian and Ana do get together. Immediately, they cheered, hugging each other as if they'd won the lottery. Everyone loves a love story where girl gets boy, get loses boy, girl despairs, but they get back together and live happily ever after. That's the shallow part of the book and the movie, but that part isn't even shown in the movie.
So if you want to go see 50 Shades of Grey you'll have an entertaining 2+ hours. But this is not real life or even a portrayal of a real BDSM lifestyle (as Tony points out). As author Ernest Greene said about his book, Master of O, the story is purely fiction, purely for entertainment on an airplane, in a waiting room, on a lazy weekend, or for vacation reading.
Alison Blackman aka. "Lace" of leatherandlaceadvice.com
what do you think of our "takes" we would love your comments!
(Part II) An Intimate Conversation (about intimacy) Ernest Greene & Nina Hartley & the MASTER OF O @TheMasterofO
This is Part II of a unique two-part feature — an intimate conversation about intimacy, with Ernest Greene, Author of the book, Master of O, and his wife, Nina Hartley. In Part II we talked primarily about intimacy as it relates to their private lives. In this part we focus on intimacy as it relates to […]
(Part I) An Intimate Conversation (about intimacy) Ernest Greene & Nina Hartley & the MASTER OF O @TheMasterofO
(Part I) An Intimate Conversation (about intimacy) Ernest Greene & Nina Hartley & the MASTER OF O He's a writer, actor and producer , who re-invented an erotic classic. She's an adult film actress, director, sex educator and author and feminist. They're highly intelligent, articulate, and very witty. They are people we'd like to be seated […]
Real Life Dom Shares His View of Doms and Submissives @leatherlaceadv, #50ShadesofGrey, #DSRelationship
A Real-Life Dom Dishes His View Of Doms and Submissives: By the first week of April 2015, the R-rated adaptation of 50 Shades Of Grey, EL James' erotic novel topped $566 million, and it's still going strong at home and overseas. There is also at least one more sequel in the works. Leather and Lace Advice has nothing […]
Is 50 Shades Darker Shocking? Should You See It? Movie Advice From LeatherandLaceAdvice
Is the Movie 50 Shades Darker Shocking? Should You See It? Movie Advice From LeatherandLaceAdvice We were invited to the press preview for the movie, 50 Shades Darker, the sequel to the hit, 50 Shades of Gray. By the time you read this review, the movie will be in your local theaters. Should you […]
Exclusive! Dominique Schiavoni, author of "Collared Cooking" dishes up D/S wisdom
Exclusive Leather and Lace Advice Guest Article: Dominique Schiavoni, author of "Collared Cooking" dishes up wisdom about D/S relationships Introduction: Occasionally we find someone with a unique and fascinating lifestyle or point of view that we feel will offer you a new way of thinking about intimacy and relationships. Mostly, we interview them. Occasionally, their authentic voice is just […]
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I'm Patrick from Rock Hill but now live in Lancaster SC. I work for Springs Global and i'm seeking my best friend for a long term relationship.
Look for love! hope to find someone to share happiness!
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Home All issues Volume 51 (December 2016) HS2 Radioprotection, 51 (2016) S93-S95 Full HTML
Enhancing of the existing decision support systems with capabilities of importance – Extension of atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in Decision Support Systems
2 Source term estimation
3 Modelling for ...
4 Extension of ...
Overview of WP4: extension of atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in Decision Support Systems
S. Andronopoulos
NCSRD – National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
The activities that have been carried out within the frame of Working Package 4 of PREPARE project, entitled "Extension of atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in Decision Support Systems (DSSs)" can be grouped under the following themes: (1) Source term (quantity and time variation of release rate of radionuclides from a nuclear accident) estimation based on optimal combination of atmospheric dispersion modelling with measurements through simple and more advanced computational methods integrated within operational DSSs. (2) Implementation of physicochemical properties of radionuclides emitted as particulate matter in computational modules of DSSs that simulate their environmental transport from deposition to mobility in soil and estimate the resulting radiation doses. (3) Extension/update of existing DSSs in the area of atmospheric dispersion on the basis of recent experiences, technological advances and users' requirements. In conclusion, the new features that have been developed regarding atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in the frame of PREPARE project, have substantially increased the capabilities of operational DSSs, and have also revealed directions for future research and development.
Key words: source term estimation / inverse modelling / particulate matter / atmospheric dispersion / deposition / Decision Support Systems
The aims of Working Package 4 of PREPARE project have been to extend and to update the capabilities of atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in existing and widely used Decision Support Systems (DSSs) for nuclear emergencies, such as RODOS and ARGOS, on the basis of latest experiences, like the Fukushima accident, and technological advances that have become available. Therefore the WP4 has addressed the following issues that were – when the project started – either handled in a non-satisfactory way or not handled at all by the DSSs and meanwhile their importance was recognized by the operational, regulatory and scientific communities:
Computational methods for estimating the emissions of radionuclides ("source term") from accidental releases using measurements and atmospheric dispersion modelling have been further developed and integrated in DSSs. Simple and more advanced source-term estimation methods have been reviewed, evaluated, further extended in terms of operational capabilities, tested, and integrated or are ready for immediate integration in DSSs.
Physicochemical properties of radionuclides emitted as particulate matter during nuclear or radiological accidents have been reviewed and computational modules of DSSs have been accordingly extended to model environmental mobility of radionuclides in particulate form and calculate the related radiation doses in a more accurate way.
Atmospheric dispersion modules of DSSs have been extended and updated of on the basis of recent experiences, technological advances and requests by the users' community.
In the following sections of the paper, the above accomplishments will be briefly presented. For further details, the reader is referred to the corresponding PREPARE technical reports.
Given the difficulties of estimating the emitted quantities of radionuclides ("source term") for an ongoing or recent accidental release, as experienced both in the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, and at the same time the high importance of the source term for the subsequent prognosis (and associated uncertainties) of consequences, source term estimation has been a major task in WP4. Both a simple and a more advanced computational method for source term estimation combining measurements, such as gamma dose rate in air, and dispersion modelling have been further developed, tested and integrated in DSSs (Kovalets et al., 2014c).
The simpler method utilizes measurements in the vicinity of the NPP ("at the fence") and sensitivity curves of gamma dose rates at the monitoring positions, pre-calculated for a number of important selected parameters (wind speed, atmospheric stability, height of the release, thermal energy, dimensions of the reactor building, etc.) considering their uncertainties too. The mean value and the error band of the total released activity are calculated through a statistical method. Pre-calculated values of nuclides ratios for specific accident scenarios are used initially, and can be replaced later by measured values, if available (Duran et al., 2013; Duran and Duranova, 2014).
The more advanced method is based on variational principles and in particular on the minimization of a cost function formulated from the differences between measurements and model-calculated values plus the differences between first-guess ("background") and analysed source term. Observations and model error covariance matrices are included in the cost function. The method utilizes measurements at any distances from the source. "Source-receptor functions" (SRFs) are calculated (currently calculated by a Lagrangian puff/particle dispersion model) at the receptor positions for the specific source location and the particular atmospheric conditions. For the minimization a system of linear equations is solved. The method can calculate time-varying and multi-nuclide releases. Nuclide ratios are taken into account as additional linear equations, weighted by error variances that allow controlling of how strongly the ratios values are imposed (Kovalets et al., 2013, 2014a, 2014b).
3 Modelling for radionuclides in particulate form
This activity in WP4 created the capabilities to consider the physicochemical properties of emitted radioactive particles (such as the distribution of particle sizes and their solubility) in the prognostic modules of DSSs, depending on the type and conditions of the nuclear accident. The characteristics of aerosols released to the atmosphere under different conditions have been reviewed, based on experimental observations. The accident scenarios considered in the database of JRODOS DSS have been grouped according to the particles release conditions. As a result a summary of properties of particles (size distribution, density and solubility) released to the atmosphere following different types of nuclear/radiological accidents has been compiled (Andersson et al., 2013).
The most important radionuclides for consideration regarding particle releases from the different types of nuclear accidents have been identified concluding that a number of radionuclides are only released in the form of fuel particles. From the observations collected after nuclear accidents and from experimental measurements a fuel particle size distribution has been proposed to be used in prognostic modelling in DSSs in the absence of or prior to actual assessment of the case-specific particle size distribution. The atmospheric dispersion modules of DSSs have been extended to perform dry and wet deposition calculations taking into account a more detailed size distribution and density of aerosols than previously, following the recommendations of Andersson (2015a).
To further study the mobility of radioactive particles deposited in urban areas, experiments for dry and wet deposition of selected nuclides on selected urban surface and for weathering have been performed (Brown and Charnock, 2013). Recommendations for taking into account in European DSSs the presence of contaminants as low-solubility particles (fuel segments) in modelling post-deposition migration and decontamination in urban areas (ERMIN model) and in agricultural products (AGRICP) following a major NPP accident have been formulated (Andersson, 2015b). Following these recommendations the ERMIN model has been updated (Charnock, 2016a, 2016b).
4 Extension of capabilities of atmospheric dispersion modules
In order to enhance the effectiveness and operational applicability of the atmospheric dispersion modules in DSSs, exploiting available technological capabilities and to satisfy the requirements of the users' community, several modifications and updates have been performed in the Lagrangian puffs/particles model DIPCOT in JRODOS, such as parallelization of the code leading to an overall gain in elapsed time of 74% for a computation with a large number of particles on a 8-processor machine in comparison to a fully sequential run. This update improves the applicability of Lagrangian particle dispersion models for long-lasting releases. Furthermore modelling of eight mother–daughter nuclide chains have been implemented in JRODOS-integrated DIPCOT, as well as the capability of simulating multiple emission sources simultaneously.
Another part of the activities within this task of WP4 concerned extensions and improvements of the Eulerian dispersion model EEMEP that are needed for its application in the ARGOS DSS. In particular it was concluded that the improvements should include a better parameterization of the source terms for nuclear accident and explosion in the Eulerian framework, as well as a better and more detailed parameterization of dry and wet deposition processes (Klein and Bartnicki, 2014).
WP4 of project PREPARE has addressed the following issues that were recognized as important by the operational, regulatory and scientific communities, based on the recent experiences from nuclear accidents: (1) source term estimation using measurements of environmental variables and dispersion model prognoses, (2) more detailed modelling of environmental mobility of radionuclides in particulate form, (3) extension of capabilities of atmospheric dispersion models. The new features that have been developed regarding atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in the frame of PREPARE project, have substantially increased the capabilities of operational DSSs, and have also revealed directions for future research and development, such as the assessment of uncertainties in the various stages and components of the above procedures.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Atomic Energy Community Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2012-2013 under grant agreement 323287.
Andersson K.G. (2015a) Recommendations for taking into account different physico-chemical forms of contaminants in modelling deposition following a major NPP accident, PREPARE(WP4)-(15)-02. [Google Scholar]
Andersson K.G. (2015b) Recommendations for taking into account low solubility particle contaminants in modelling post-deposition migration and decontamination following a major NPP accident, PREPARE(WP4)-(15)-01. [Google Scholar]
Andersson K.G., Roos P., Lind O.C., Salbu B., Bujan A., Duranova T., Ikonomopoulos A., Andronopoulos S. (2013) Collection and assessment of existing data on physic-chemical properties of emitted radionuclides, and work to categorise accident scenarios accordingly, PREPARE(WP4)-(13)- 01. [Google Scholar]
Brown J., Charnock T. (2013) Agreed experimental work on weathering to provide data for ERMIN, PREPARE(WP4)-(13)-02. [Google Scholar]
Charnock T. (2016a) ERMIN interface implementing PREPARE project recommendations, PREPARE(WP4)-(16)-01. [Google Scholar]
Charnock T. (2016b) Implementation of PREPARE recommendations in ERMIN, PREPARE(WP4)-(16)-02. [Google Scholar]
Duran J., Duranova T. (2014) Conceptual design of the software tool for simple and fast estimate of source term using gamma dose rate measurements at the fence, PREPARE(WP4)-(14)-02. [Google Scholar]
Duran J., Bohunova J., Duranova T. (2013) Methodology and computational methods for simple estimate of source term using gamma dose rate measurements at the fence, PREPARE(WP4)-(13)-03. [Google Scholar]
Klein H., Bartnicki J. (2014) Development of the EEMEP model for applications in the ARGOS system, PREPARE(WP4)-(14)-03. [Google Scholar]
Kovalets I., Hofman R., Seibert P., Andronopoulos S. (2013) Review of existing approaches of source inversion to be integrated in real-time nuclear emergency response system JRODOS, PREPARE(WP4)-(14)-01. [Google Scholar]
Kovalets I., Hofman R., Seibert P., Andronopoulos S. (2014a) Techniques for handling multiple nuclides and unknown emission height in source term estimation, PREPARE(WP4)-(14)-04. [Google Scholar]
Kovalets I., Hofman R., Seibert P., Andronopoulos S. (2014b) Dispersion modelling and 1st-guess source term uncertainties, PREPARE(WP4)-(14)-05. [Google Scholar]
Kovalets I., Ievdin I., Andronopoulos S., Hofman R., Seibert P., Duran J., Duranova T. (2014c) Conceptual design of software modules for source term estimation, PREPARE(WP4)-(14)-06. [Google Scholar]
Cite this article as: S. Andronopoulos. Overview of WP4: extension of atmospheric dispersion and consequence modelling in Decision Support Systems. Radioprotection 51(HS2), S93-S95 (2016).
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Red Pandas Gain New Student Supporter!
Red pandas gained new support this week when eight-year-old Flynn, a 3rd grader from Redlands, California, completed his research project & diorama on the endangered species.
Flynn's assignment was to research and present the challenges of an endangered animal, and then create a diorama depicting the animal in its natural habitat.
"I just knew that no one in my class knew much about Red Pandas. They only know of the Giant Panda. And the red panda is such an exotic animal!" Flynn said.
The third grader tapped local natural resources, including a nearby park that grows a lot of bamboo, to complete his project. He then sculpted a little model of the red panda from clay, and hand painted it with its iconic red coloring.
Flynn also worked with his father, a cartographer, to create a map showing where red pandas live.
Flynn presented all his findings to his class and educated his entire family about red pandas during the creation of his school project. As a result, his family is now interested in red panda conservation and engaged in following the Red Panda Network for updates.
Red pandas gained not one, but many new supporters this week, thanks to Flynn's project! That's a home run for the species. As it turns out, Flynn also scored well. He received his grade for the project, just as we were finishing this blog post. Flynn's project received a 20/20! Congratulations to Flynn, an up and coming wildlife warrior!


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Four Cabinet members to leave Walz…
Four Cabinet members to leave Walz administration, including Health Commissioner Jan Malcolm
Minnesota Health Commissioner Jan Malcolm discusses the state's first positive case of the coronavirus known as COVID-19 at a news conference Friday, March 6, 2020, at the State Capitol in St. Paul, as Gov. Tim Walz, left, looks on. (Dave Orrick / Pioneer Press)
By Bill Salisbury | bsalisbury@pioneerpress.com | Pioneer Press
PUBLISHED: November 16, 2022 at 3:52 p.m. | UPDATED: November 30, 2022 at 3:32 p.m.
Minnesota Health Commissioner Jan Malcolm and three other members of Gov. Tim Walz's Cabinet are stepping down before his second term.
Walz announced Wednesday that Malcolm, Public Safety Commissioner John Harrington, Education Commissioner Heather Mueller and Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Commissioner Mark Phillips have "chosen not to seek reappointment" to their current posts.
The governor reappointed 16 other department heads in his Cabinet.
"I'm grateful to our entire cabinet for their years of service to Minnesota," Walz said in a statement. "Together we made historic investments in education, achieved the lowest unemployment rate of any state in history and protected the health and safety of Minnesotans. I look forward to building the team that helps us kick off our second term."
In addition to choosing new commissioners for the health, public safety, education and IRRRB agencies, the governor must fill vacancies in the top jobs in the departments of revenue and labor and industry.
Walz: Malcolm led vaccine, testing during the pandemic
Malcolm has been Walz's most high-profile commissioner. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she provided numerous daily public briefings on the status of the outbreaks and steps taken to combat it.
Jan Malcolm, commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Health, speaks at an event to mark the anniversary of COVID-19 vaccinations in Minnesota at Children's Hospital in Minneapolis on Thursday, Dec. 16, 2021. (John Autey / Pioneer Press)
Walz said Malcolm helped Minnesota lead the nation with COVID vaccine and testing policies and led an effort to modernize and expand the system for overseeing long-term care facilities.
She served as health commissioner under Gov. Jesse Ventura from 1999 to 2003, was appointed again by Gov. Mark Dayton in 2018 and was reappointed by Walz in 2019.
"Working with Gov. Walz and his team to help Minnesota navigate the COVID-19 pandemic was the most challenging and meaningful work I've done in my career, and I am so thankful for the opportunity to serve," Malcolm said in a statement. "We all owe a debt of gratitude to the thousands of unsung public health heroes in federal, state and local health departments who are building a better, healthier future for their neighbors and their communities."
Harrington, former St. Paul police chief
Harrington, a former St. Paul police chief, put in nearly 45 years in government service, 35 of them in law enforcement.
John Harrington, Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Public Safety, speaks about the investigation into the death of George Floyd during a news conference in St. Paul on May 27, 2020. (John Autey / Pioneer Press)
Walz said Harrington served the state through historic times, including the murder of George Floyd, oversaw significant police reform initiatives and problem-solved to help local governments across the state protect public safety. He led his agency to recognize cancer as a potential cause of death in the line of duty for emergency responders, worked with public service and community groups to hand out more than 30,000 gun locks and addressed challenges with the state's licensing and registration system to more seamlessly modernize license and vehicle registration.
Mueller, Phillips
Mueller, a former Mankato public school social studies teacher, focused on helping all Minnesota students have access to a world-class education, the governor said. She worked to prioritize the health and well-being of students, staff and families by providing COVID testing for schools and vaccinations for educators to get kids back into their classrooms.
Phillips, who is retiring, led the IRRRB as commissioner under both Dayton and Walz and has more than 35 years of leadership of business, community and workforce development.
Walz immediately opened the application process to fill the six vacancies in his Cabinet. Applications are due by Nov. 30.
Between-term departures aren't unusual.
Minnesota Public Radio's Brian Bakst reported that five department heads left Dayton's Cabinet between his two terms, and Gov. Tim Pawlenty replaced four agency heads and moved a couple more from acting to full commissioners.
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Bill Salisbury | Capitol bureau reporter
Bill Salisbury has been a newspaper reporter since 1971. He started covering the Minnesota Capitol for the Rochester Post-Bulletin in 1975, joined the Pioneer Press as a general assignment reporter in 1977 and was assigned to the Capitol bureau in 1978. He was the paper's Washington correspondent from 1994 through 1999, when he returned to the Capitol bureau. Although he retired in January 2015, he continues to work at the Capitol part time.
bsalisbury@pioneerpress.com
Follow Bill Salisbury @bsalisbury
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