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Indian consumption is slowing, so the country is looking for a boost from exports
Shoppers at a mall in India.
Dhiraj Singh | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Amid falling sales in key sectors, India's consumption-fueled growth is hitting a roadblock, spelling trouble for Asia's third-largest economy.
The country now wants to pivot away from that reliance on consumption, and move toward exports — typically not a key driver of its economy — to generate growth instead.
Sanjeev Sanyal, principal economic advisor at India's Ministry of Finance, said Tuesday that the country's plan for an "exports-oriented economic policy" is in play.
"Many people often say India's story is about the return of consumption. We are challenging that," he told the Nomura Investment Forum in Singapore.
In fact, the present moment may be offering an opportunity to do just that, he said, adding that India should view the ongoing U.S.-China trade dispute as a chance to win some of the international export market.
"Do not worry about the fact that the global exports environment may or may not be conducive. Our share of global exports is so small … The fact that global supply chains are disrupted should be seen as an opportunity," Sanyal said.
His comments came amid doubts that consumption can continue to be a strong driver of Indian growth. The last few months have featured a slew of weak sales data for key sectors in the country.
India's vehicle sales dropped 17% in April — the worst monthly fall in nearly eight years, and its fifth consecutive monthly decline.
According to Nielsen data, growth in India's fast moving consumer goods sector slowed to 13.6% in the first three months of this year, from almost 16% in the last three months of 2018.
Additionally, data showed the country's economy grew 6.6% in the last three months of 2018 — the slowest pace in five quarters. India's top industry body — the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry — flagged that slowing growth as a "serious concern" and said the big worry was that domestic consumption was not growing fast enough to offset a weakening global economic environment.
Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of India trimmed its growth projection to 7.2% for the 2020 financial year, from an earlier target of 7.4%.
Pivot towards exports
The move toward export-driven growth would come with a few key tasks: identifying the type of goods and services to export and determining what's needed to support those sectors, according to Sanyal.
"New areas could be areas like defense, for example … even in areas like services exports where we are big but, in fact, we are not growing as fast as we should be. We need to also revive our IT industry and get that going. The key here is we need to find whichever sectors, focus on those clusters, help them out," Sanyal said.
But Sanyal stressed that India will not be "using our exchange rate in any strategic way" in a bid to make its exports more attractive, in response to a question which suggested that China, which was a trade powerhouse in the 2000s, relied on a weaker yuan to drive its sales.
"We do have a tilt towards accumulating reserves in general, but we do not want to use the exchange rate as an active weapon … Even in the case of China, they made one big devaluation, (but) the rest of the time actually they really played the game through productivity gains," he told the conference.
"And we have got to do that productivity gain, there is no escaping it," concluded Sanyal.
WATCH: How India's economy is growing at a faster pace than China
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Tags:boost, consumption, country, exports, from, Indian, looking, slowing


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High Net Worth Divorce: How Much Should Wealthy Parents Pay in Child Support?
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How is child support calculated when you are a high net worth parent? What happens when parents disagree about the amount of support to be paid? And how do you keep contentious divorce matters like child support disputes private and away from prying eyes? Read more
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Receive Child Support? Here's What New Jersey's New Child Support Termination Law Means For You
As of Feburary 1, 2017, a new New Jersey child support law establishes that a parent's obligation to pay support terminates upon the child's nineteenth birthday, unless certain factors are present. Are you the parent who receives child support? Here is a look at how this new law can affect you, and important steps you can take to make sure child support continues. Read more
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What Does New Jersey's New Child Support Termination Law Mean For You?
In New Jersey, a new child support termination statute goes into effect on February 1, 2017. The new law dramatically impacts when and how child support orders issued in the state come to an end. Are you a parent who pays child support, or are you the parent who receives it? Here's what to expect. Read more
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Pay Child Support? Here's How New Jersey's New Child Support Termination Law Affects You
Effective February 1, 2017, New Jersey's new emancipation statute will dramatically impact when and how child support orders terminate. Have a child nearing the newly established child support cut-off age of 19? Find out what this new law means for your obligation to pay. Read more
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Divorced Parents: Are You Required To Pay Your Child's Grad School Tuition?
There has been a lot of buzz about the changes to the child support statute in New Jersey set to take effect in February of 2017. Under the new legislation, there should be no financial support required by a non-custodial parent after a child turns 23 years old. Will there be exceptions to this rule when it comes to parental contributions to graduate school tuition? According to a recent child support ruling in Ocean County, the answer may be yes. Read more
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When Does Child Support End in New Jersey?
Paying child support for your older teen or college-age child, and wonder when your obligation will end? Find out what New Jersey's new child support age cutoff law, taking effect in February 2017, could mean for you. Read more
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What is Paternity and How Does It Affect My Rights in New Jersey?
Have questions about paternity? Here's what you need to know about establishing fatherhood in New Jersey, and the legal rights and responsibilities that come with paternity.
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Going Above the Guidelines: Child Support For Your Special Kid
We all think our children are special, extraordinary and talented. But, what if you are raising the next Michael Jordan? What happens when your child has an exceptional gift for music? Or for art? Without question, your child's amazing talent comes with expenses in the form of lessons, practice, travel and supplies. Who is responsible for paying these costs? And, are they covered by New Jersey's Child Support Guidelines? Read more
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Does Addiction Mean You Can Cut Off Child Support?
Are divorced parents required to pay child support or addiction rehab costs when an adult child is an addict? Read more
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My Child Graduated College: Can I Stop Child Support?
It's the first September in a long time that your child is not going back to school. Now that he or she is graduated from college, does this mean that you can stop paying child support? Read more
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Iterative universal state selective correction for the Brillouin-Wigner multireference coupled-cluster theory.
Barbatti, M. - Ruckenbauer, M. - Plasser, F. - Pittner, Jiří - Granucci, G. - Persico, M. - Lischka, H.
Newton-X: a surface-hopping program for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics.
Domain-Based Local Pair Natural Orbital Version of Mukherjee's State-Specific Coupled Cluster Method.
Perturbative universal state-selective correction for state-specific multi-reference coupled cluster methods.
A Local Pair Natural Orbital-Based Multireference Mukherjee's Coupled Cluster Method.
A MRCC study of the isomerisation of cyclopropane.
A new approach to molecular dynamics with non-adiabatic and spin-orbit effects with applications to QM/MM simulations of thiophene and selenophene.
Plasser, F. - Crespo-Otero, R. - Pederzoli, Marek - Pittner, Jiří - Lischka, H. - Barbatti, M.
Surface Hopping Dynamics with Correlated Single-Reference Methods: 9H-Adenine as a Case Study.


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Dynegy Wins Platts 2015 Strategic Deal Of The Year Award
Dynegy Inc. (NYSE: DYN) received the "2015 Strategic Deal of the Year Award" in recognition of Dynegy's April 2015 simultaneous acquisitions of EquiPower Resources and Duke's Midwest generation assets and retail business.
Platts noted that the transactions transformed the company and "shot Dynegy from the eighth to third-largest independent power generator in the U.S. The deal also positioned Dynegy with the largest combined cycle fleet in the two most attractive U.S. power markets, PJM and ISO-NE."
"We are honored to be recognized by Platts and our industry," said Robert C. Flexon, President and CEO, Dynegy. "It is the teamwork and 'can do' attitude shown by the people at Dynegy, Duke and EquiPower that made these transactions an overwhelmingly transformative success."
Platts Global Energy Awards' Strategic Deal of the Year Award recognizes the successful closure of a new energy project, asset buyout or full company merger or acquisition in an era of uncertain markets and interdependence. Platts praised the transactions saying they "vaulted the company to the top of the category with a deal of great strategic significance, transforming its power generation fleet and equipping it for the long haul."
Judges declared "Dynegy's meticulously orchestrated efforts a 'staggering deal,' a 'power play' and a 'game changer,' noting the deal gives Dynegy the strength and heft it needs to persevere in a difficult, deregulated electricity business."
At http://www.platts.com/pressreleases/2015/120915/no you may find more information about this year's Platts award winners.
Dynegy is committed to leadership in the electricity sector. With nearly 26,000 megawatts of power generation capacity and two retail electricity companies, Dynegy is capable of supplying 21 million homes with safe, reliable and economic energy. Homefield Energy and Dynegy Energy Services are retail electricity providers serving businesses and residents in Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
Copyright Business Wire 2010


Most people like to be entertained.
Internationally, the dominant "on demand" video service is Netflix though the content isn't very relatable to the African market.
It's a very interesting conversation that we have, and so I hope you enjoy.
You can think of us as Netflix, but for local African content. We started in Swahili with a view of expanding our range across other languages.
Swahili films are very popular however there are many issues with how they distribute. A lot of piracy, DVDs are obsolete.
The trend is always towards accessing films and shows over the internet rather than watching linear TV. If we're early, then we'll wait for everyone to catch up.
After doing some testing we found that people preferred to stream than download, typically because they don't have the storage space on their device.
Such as how many people are watching a Swahili film on Youtube. We estimate 11 million people have access to the internet in Tanzania.
First thing is Whatsapp and Facebook. Then it's used for entertainment.
Most people are wanting local content. Foreign programmes aren't really mainstream.
Through analysing what people were searching for on Play Store and Instagram we made some specific posts which is a good way for us to get users.
It's relatively straightforward to work out how Youtube works. The bit that's difficult is customising it to a local market, such as compressing files and ensuring quality.
The team works from Tanzania. Our server is currently based in Europe which means its a bit slower, however there isn't the reliable infrastructure here.
It's difficult to go and sign up a load of film distribution companies. Netflix might have bigger markets to go to first, but we'll go on and build our business here regardless.
This is how we make money (~$4/ month) from our active users. We pay for the content.
The equivalent is called "Ubongo Star Search". If we are able to get that, then we'd be really happy.
We're looking at customers who are currently watching TV at home and try and convert them to using Tango TV.
If they have a smartphone then there's not really a need for a tablet. If they want a bigger device, they'll get a laptop.
The most important thing in the content is the cultural significance of the show. Even if it was subtitles in another African language, then people in the region would understand it more than, say, The Dark Knight film spoken in Swahili.


and 160 x 30.25 = 4840 sq.yds = 1 Acre.
12 ranks 1 to 12, only central 7 files (h to n) have all ranks.
King Moves a single step to an adjacent trig that is free from enemy attack. The possible trigs for a King in the red cell are coloured light-blue in the diagram to the left.
Pawn A pawn on its starting rank (the left-most pawn in the diagram) may move without capturing one or two steps directly forward (shown by the black dots); or may capture forward one step via a point (shown by the white dots).Capture en passant is allowed.
Otherwise (see the right-most pawn in the diagram) a pawn may move one step forwards or sideways without capturing (shown by black crosses); or may capture forward one step via a point (shown by the white crosses).
and compounds - Duke, Archbishop, Queen.


16-22 November is Postnatal Depression Awareness Week. An opportunity to raise awareness about perinatal mental health issues in the local community.
The week aims to increase community knowledge about antenatal and postnatal depression and other mental illnesses experienced during the perinatal period. It also aims to eliminate the stigma so that those affected can feel free to seek help.
Pregnancy is a time of happiness and celebration but it is also a time of significant change that some parents may find difficult.
To find out more about Post Natal Depression Week, follow the link.
If you or someone you know would like further information about perinatal mental health or need support, click here to find out about the Perinatal Mental Health Service provided by GPH.


Finish No Later Than (FNLT) is a Task Constraint that schedules a task to complete before the date you specify.
Select Finish No Later Than.
You must complete the task on and not later than this date.
You should typically use this constraint when the project is scheduled From Start Date. In this case, you can provide a soft constraint on a task before it forces other dependent tasks to show as At Risk.
If FNLT is used with a Schedule From Completion Date project, then the constraint will schedule the task as it would an As Late As Possible task.


Our school teacher is using an iPad to take photo's of their artwork, etc and then using Pages (on the same iPad) .. creating a quick 'page' or two (inserting their artwork) and then emailing the page to the parents (as a pdf).
I discovered that the majority of the space, taken up by photo library is due to videos I have made with my iPhone and iPad. While I like preserving some of these video in original format for HQ viewing, I don't mind loosing some quality for others.


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Macbeth (The Tragedy Of Macbeth)
Bil Antoniou
Roman Polanski returned to filmmaking for the first time after the brutal murder of his wife Sharon Tate and their unborn baby by the Manson family, and the project he undertook was this visually bold adaptation of Shakespeare's tragedy. In it, Macbeth (Jon Finch) takes the throne of Scotland by murdering the present king and using the divination of a group of witches to aid him. All is not well after the coup, however, when corruption comes from within, his wife (Francesca Annis) starting to suffer from guilt and his son growing up to seek revenge upon him and take him to task for his actions. The dialogue is handled skillfully, with Polanski's energetic direction never allowing the pace to slow down for a moment. Curiously enough, the film was produced by Hugh Hefner's Playboy productions, though don't let that lead you into thinking it's in any way a Playmate Video of any kind: the only major nudity comes from the ladies playing the aged witches. Exciting stuff, this is a memorable film of one of the Bard's better-known works.
Columbia Pictures, Playboy Productions, Caliban Films
United Kingdom/USA, 1971
Directed by Roman Polanski
Screenplay by Roman Polanski, Kenneth Tynan, based on the play by William Shakespeare
Cinematography by Gilbert Taylor
Produced by Andrew Braunsberg
Music by The Third Ear Band
Production Design by Wilfred Shingleton
Costume Design by Anthony Mendleson
Film Editing by Alastair McIntyre
This entry was posted in 111toformat, 1971, BBBB, Roman Polanski and tagged Alastair McIntyre, Alf Joint, Andrew Braunsberg, Andrew Laurence, Andrew McCulloch, Anthony Mendleson, Bernard Archard, Bill Drysdale, Bruce Purchase, Caliban Films, Columbia Pictures, Criterion Collection, Diane Fletcher, Elsie Taylor, Francesca Annis, Frank Wylie, Geoffrey Reed, Gilbert Taylor, Ian Hogg, John Stride, Jon Finch, Keith Chegwin, Kenneth Tynan, Maisie MacFarquhar, Mark Dightam, Martin Shaw, Michael Balfour, National Board Of Review Award Best Film British Academy Award Best Costume Design, Nicholas Selby, Nigel Ashton, Noel Davis, Noelle Rimmington, Patricia Mason, Paul Hennen, Paul Shelley, Playboy Productions, Richard Pearson, Roman Polanski, Roy Jones, Stephan Chase, Sydney Bromley, Terence Bayler, The Third Ear Band, United Kingdom, Vic Abbott, Wilfred Shingleton, William Hobbs, William Shakespeare. Bookmark the permalink.


This native of the tropics adapts to extremes of soil moisture, from hot, dry Mediterranean settings to the more riparian and aquatic environs of the garden pond. "Canna 'Pretoria' is an excellent feature or specimen plant," says Stuart Bronson of Paridon Horticultural in Delta. While the melon-coloured flowers are beautiful and long-lasting, it's the foliage that makes this such a valuable plant. With its golden-yellow and apple-green striped leaves edged with red, canna makes a bold statement, whether in a border, a terrace tub or an arrangement of cut flowers. It grows best in full sun with its toes in water.


Ever search for the Big Dipper with a group of new friends in a field of sunflowers sipping on white wine sangria after an amazing seasonal, local, slow-roasted, farm to table dinner? I have. Last week in Newbury.
Colby Farm, in partnership with new Amesbury restaurant, No. 8 Kitchen & Spirits, and Essex County Greenbelt, hosted a farm fresh dinner under the stars for two nights only.
Colby Farm and its farm stand are located down the street from Newburyport on Scotland Road in Newbury, MA. Here they sell many of their own meats and produce including summer squash, eggplant, beats, carrots, lettuce, green beans, zucchini, onions and sweet corn.
In the Newburyport area we are lucky to be surrounded by so many farms that allow our restaurants to commit to providing organic. After only 4 months of opening, No. 8 Kitchen Chef Christopher Jackson explained how they've been reaching out to as many local farms and businesses as possible.
"Our ice cream is made right in Amesbury. Our cheeses are from Wolf Meadow Farm. Everything is made in house, from our ketchup, aioli, brioche for the burger, fresh pastas. Top to bottom it's a fairly large menu with lots of shared plates to get that social feeling in the dining room," said Chef Jackson.
Known for creating spectacular variations on local food, guests of the Sunflower & Stars Dinner experienced a 6 course meal prepared with meats and produce mostly from Colby Farm.
"The field we are standing on right now, Chef smoked our carrots and broccoli with the hay!" said Knight.
My favorite dish was the Grilled Sweet Corn with Tasso Ham Butter. The tasso was made from Colby Farm pork, and the corn was from a field a stone's throw away.
Each course was also paired with a wine or spirit, with several local vineyards represented.
Russell Orchards of Ipswich, MA also shared their award winning wines.
For dessert, a hot apple crisp made with apples picked from Colby Farm was paired with a wine from Moonlight Meadery.
From start to finish, the event was the perfect combination of fresh and refreshing. It's clear that Pride & Promise remain the keys to sustaining these real farming experiences.
Colby Farm is open from May, all the way up to December 24, when they sell Christmas trees, wreaths, and other seasonal items such as gluten free baked goods.


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Enchondroma Are Tumors Found Inside Bones
More in Orthopedics
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Medication & Injections
Jonathan Cluett, MD
Jonathan Cluett, MD, is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with subspecialty training in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery.
Stuart Hershman, MD
Medically reviewed by Stuart Hershman, MD
Stuart Hershman, MD, is a board-certified spine surgeon. He specializes in spinal deformity and complex spinal reconstruction.
Science Photo Library - SCIEPRO/Getty Images
An enchondroma is a benign tumor found inside of bone. The typical scenario is that a patient had an x-ray for an injury to a joint, commonly the shoulder, knee, or ankle. While the joint looks normal, an abnormality is seen inside the bone. Often these are completely unrelated to the cause of pain, and one of the most common reasons is an enchondroma.
Benign Bone Tumors
When a patient hears they have a tumor, this can cause anxiety and fear; many patients are initially worried they have cancer. Benign bone tumors are noncancerous conditions, that do not spread to other locations. While some benign bone tumors can cause problems, others often go unnoticed and don't have any impact on the patient's health.
The word benign is a word often used to describe tumors. It means that a tumor is not aggressive and will not spread. It is the opposite of the word malignant; a word used to describe tumors that are aggressive and can spread throughout the body. Most tumors have characteristics of one or the other. There are some slow-growing malignant tumors, and there are some locally aggressive benign tumors, but most fall into one of the two basic categories.
What Are Enchondromas?
An enchondroma is a type of tumor that causes the formation of cartilage cells within a bone. Usually, these tumors occur in the hands or in the long bones of the extremities including the humerus (arm bone), femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone).
The most common signs of an enchondroma include:
No symptoms whatsoever
Thickening of a finger with an enchondroma
Pain after an injury
As mentioned, most enchondromas behave without aggression. There is a related condition where the tumor can be malignant, called a chondrosarcoma. A low-grade chondrosarcoma (malignant cancer) can behave like an enchondroma, and vice versa. If patients do have pain that is coming from the tumor, or if the x-rays have the appearance of a more aggressive problem, then a low-grade chondrosarcoma should be considered as a possible diagnosis.
There is a syndrome called Ollier's Disease in which patients have many enchondromas. Patients with this condition are generally monitored more closely, as they are more likely to develop chondrosarcomas from what was previously an enchondroma.
Treatment and Monitoring
Typically, no treatment is necessary for an enchondroma. Most abnormalities detected within the bone can be rechecked with normal x-rays over a period of time. If the tumor looks like an enchondroma, stays the same or goes away, then there is generally no need for ongoing surveillance. If the tumor starts to grow, shows signs of becoming more aggressive, it may be determined that the tumor needs to be treated more like a chondrosarcoma. Unfortunately, biopsy results can be very difficult to distinguish between a normal enchondroma and a low-grade chondrosarcoma, therefore treatment decisions are generally based on symptoms and radiographic findings, rather than on biopsy results.
Within the hand, enchondromas can weaken the bone sufficiently that a fracture occurs. When this happens, the injury is called a pathologic fracture. The usual treatment of a pathologic fracture caused by an enchondroma in the hand is first to allow the broken bone to heal. This may stimulate the enchondroma to heal as well. If not, your surgeon may recommend a procedure to remove the tumor cells and place a bone graft in the bone the strengthen the bone and prevent re-injury.
Dealing with joint pain can cause major disruptions to your day. Sign up and learn how to better take care of your body. Click below and just hit send!
Marco RA, Gitelis S, Brebach GT, Healey JH."Cartilage tumors: evaluation and treatment" J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000 Sep-Oct;8(5):292-304.
How Chondrosarcoma Is Diagnosed
Chondrosarcoma: Overview and More
Chondrosarcoma: Causes and Risk Factors
Are Those Lumps on Your Hand or Wrist a Sign of Cancer?
What Is Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma?
Chondrosarcoma: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications
The Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Ollier Disease
How Is Fibrosarcoma Diagnosed?
What Is Fibrosarcoma?
What is Chest Wall Cancer?
Maffucci Syndrome: Condition That Causes Tumors Within Bone and Skin
How Chondrosarcoma Is Treated
What to Know About an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) Mutation
How Chordoma Is Diagnosed
Pilocytic Astrocytoma: Overview and More
Desmoid Tumor


I admit I like the Ruger SR9 9mm pistol. While the tests in different magazines were mostly positive, word that spread across the Internet was that the gun was not what it could have been. I did not find this to be the case.
Most criticisms of the SR9 centered on the trigger, and I admit I was not fond of it. I felt that the striker release was severe and offered a glitch in the action that was hard to ignore, and there was a lot of overtravel.
I shared my concerns with several Ruger executives, and they said they would look into it. In the end, they addressed them sooner than I anticipated.
As everyone reading this knows, Ruger has recalled the SR9 due to a potential problem with the trigger system. If the gun is dropped on the rear of the slide, the gun can fire.
Ruger deserves credit for what it did next. The company issued a complete recall--and paid shipping--for all of the guns affected, and replaced the trigger system on each gun. In addition, each customer received a free high-capacity magazine for the inconvenience.
A number of parts in the trigger assembly are replaced, the trigger itself being most notable among them.
The original design was a two-piece trigger comprised of an inner and outer "shoe" with the inside one hidden. The updated design utilizes a visible inner trigger, which retards rearward travel unless it is depressed. This design is similar to Glock's.
The redesigned trigger reduces overtravel and increases trigger control, making quick follow-up shots easier.
Also upgraded is the magazine release button. The first production buttons were quite stiff, requiring direct inward pressure by the thumb to release. Retrofitted pistols receive a new version, which is easier to depress and works well.
The magazine disconnect and disconnect spring have also been updated, as have the striker blocker and striker blocker spring.
All of the upgrades are internal, so the gun looks the same on the outside. The SR-9 is the thinnest high-capacity 9mm pistol available, which not only makes it easy to carry and conceal, it's easier for those with small hands to shoot.
A reversible rubber backstrap offers a nicely contoured arch for those with large hands. Equate the grip to a 1911 with either a straight or arched mainspring housing.
The grip has nice checkering all around that offers a positive grip surface in all kinds of weather, yet isn't too sharp. Ambi safety levers are placed at the rear of the frame.
Since all of the modifications are internal, the only way to find out if they are indeed improvements was to shoot it. The 9mm is one of the few calibers that is still reasonably priced, so I intended to shoot as much ammo as I could.
To test the updated gun's accuracy I shot five-round groups, resting my wrists over my range bag, at six-inch Birchwood Casey Dirty Bird targets 25 yards downrange. Results are shown in the accompanying chart.
In the end, I was quite happy with the updated SR9. It shot where I pointed it every time, and in an armed confrontation that is the single most important feature a combat pistol can possess.
I fired in excess of 1,000 rounds of various hollowpoint and FMJ styles through the SR9 without a single failure, which was not really that surprising. Ruger builds all of its products to both work and last.
I really liked the fact that most of the trigger overtravel is gone. When the striker is released, the trigger stops, and that is how it should be. I will say that the trigger still had a bit of a glitch when I first started shooting it, but after 200 or so rounds, it smoothed out and ended up being quite manageable, especially for combat applications.


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Aarvam ( Interest) is a 2010 Indian Tamil language action film directed by Aadithyan. The film stars Satya Saleel Hussain, R. Sanjay and Meenu Karthika, with Ganja Karuppu, Ponnambalam, Karate Raja, Scissor Manohar, Bonda Mani and Vadivukkarasi playing supporting roles. The film, produced by D. Anil, had a musical score by Ronnie Raphael and was released on 22 October 2010.

Plot

Anjali, the sister of the dreaded gangster Aadhi, leaves the city and returns to her hometown after finishing her studies. The young man Mahesh (R. Zanjay), the son of a revenue inspector, falls at first sight with Anjali during the village's festival. Mahesh then proposes his love to her but she refuses to love someone she doesn't yet know. Mahesh then starts to hang out with Anjali and she eventually falls in love with him. The villagers including Mahesh are feared of Aadhi, so Mahesh prepared a master plan: he lies to the innocent Sathya (Satya) that Anjali is in love with him. The village milkman Sathya who is from a poor background lives with widowed mother, little sister and uncle. Thereafter, Sathya falls in love with Anjali and changes his look to please Anjali.

When Aadhi learns about his sister's love affair, he sends his henchmen to beat up Sathya but Sathya surprisingly overcomes them. Later, Aadhi kills the brother of his archenemy Pandi and convinces him that the killer was no other than the innocent Sathya. A vengeful Pandi and his henchmen go to Sathya's house and beat up his family, Sathya defeats them. Aadhi then makes everything to portray Sathya as rowdy so his sister will avoid him. Afterwards, Anjali tells Sathya that she doesn't love him but she is in love with Mahesh. The heartbroken Sathya genuinely accepts his fate and he is disgusted by Mahesh's cheap mindset.

In reality, Mahesh wants to marry Anjali to get rich. Aadhi finally accepts for the marriage between Mahesh and his sister. However, Anjali finds out that Mahesh is a bad person thus the wedding is cancelled. In the meantime, Pandi and his henchmen beat the harmless Sathya to death. The film ends with Anjali mourning the death of Sathya.

The film depicts that true love is such a powerful force. It's there for everyone to embrace-that kind of unconditional love for all of humankind. That is the kind of love that impels people to go into the community and try to change conditions for others, to take risks for what they believe in.

Cast

Satya Saleel Hussain as Sathya
R. Sanjay as Mahesh
Meenu Karthika as Anjali
Ganja Karuppu as Tea master
Ponnambalam as Pandi
Karate Raja as Aadhi
Scissor Manohar as Sathya's uncle
Bonda Mani as Mani
Vadivukkarasi as Sathya's mother
Malaysia Jennifer
Preethi Pushpan
Divya
Remya

Production
After the poor performance of Paadagasalai (2010) in the box-office, the film producer Anil Dev(Anil.D) returned with Aarvam under the banner of Movie Dreams. Satya and R. Sanjay, who played the lead roles in Paadagasalai, will be once again joining hands with the producer while Kerala-based Meenu Karthika was selected to be the heroine. Apart from the film director Adithyan, the hero Satya, the film's producer Anil Dev(Anil.D), music director Ronnie Raphael, art director Anil Sreeragam and make-up man Binoy are the other Malayalis behind Aarvam. The film was based on a real incident that took place in Madurai some years ago and it was shot in Tenkasi, Courtallam and Madurai.

Soundtrack

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by Ronnie Raphael. The soundtrack features 6 tracks.

Release
The film was released on 22 October 2010 alongside four other films.

References

External links

2010 films
2010s Tamil-language films
Films shot in Madurai
Films set in Madurai
Indian action films
2010 directorial debut films
2010 action films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The University of Western Australia's Centre for Applied Statistics provides a free statistical advice service for postgraduate research students at UWA.
The Centre is housed within the School of Mathematics and Statistics.
All students must make an appointment for the postgraduate clinic. A set number of appointments are available throughout the week. Please use our request form to make an appointment.
This service runs all year around, including non-semester time, except University holidays.
You must currently be enrolled in a postgraduate research course (i.e a Masters or PhD course eligible for Research Training Program funding) at the University. If you are enrolled in a Masters by coursework with a research component, you may seek help for the research component of your course. Assistance with coursework will not be provided.
What if I need someone to do some statistical analysis for me?
The purpose of the clinic is to provide advice and training. Additional consulting services outside the scope of the clinic are offered on a fee-paying basis. Students must also provide approval from their supervisor before receiving consulting services.
I want to learn more about statistical methods. Can you help?
The Centre for Applied Statistics runs 2-4 day short courses in statistics throughout the year.


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Oh My God, What a Complete Aisling: The Number One Bestseller
Author Emer McLysaght
Everyone knows an Aisling:
Loves going Out Out, but secretly scared of liquid eyeliner.
Happy to drink the bar dry, but will bring her own coaster if necessary.
Would rather die than miss a cooked hotel breakfast, but can calculate the Points in a Snickers at fifty paces.
Aisling's the girl with a heart of gold, but a boyfriend who still hasn't made a peep about their Big Day even after seven years.
But then a disastrous romantic getaway shows Aisling that it's time to stop waiting around and leave John behind for the bright lights of Dublin. After she's wailed her way through Adele's Greatest Hits, that is.
Between glamorous new flatmates, a scandal at work and finding herself in a weird love square, Aisling is ready to take on the big city. So long as she has her umbrella with her.
Emer McLysaght
Michael Joseph
Oh My God, What a Complete Aisling: Funny, charmi
Best from Emer McLysaght (Author)
The Importance of...


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'The Book of William' Explores Shakespeare By Focusing on the First Folio
A review of Paul Collins' book "The Book of William," which is not a book about William Shakespeare, but rather, the First Folio.
'The Box' Tells the History of Television From Creation to Vast Wasteland
A review of Jeff Kisseloff's "The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1928-1961," which describes the early day of everyone's favorite medium.
The Comics Journal's Book of Harvey Kurtzman Interviews Is Utterly Essential
A review of a book of interviews from the Comics Journal with Harvey Kurtzman, exploring his career from 'Hey Look!' to 'Little Annie Fanny.'
Never Be at a Loss for Words with Richard Herring's Emergency Questions
Comedian Richard Herring has been using Emergency Questions on his podcast for years, and now you can ask people if they've been to Barometer World.
Review: You Don't Know Me But You Don't Like Me
I always have enjoyed Nathan Rabin's writing — first at the AV Club and now at The Dissolve. His memoir The Big Rewind was outstanding, as was his book on Weird Al. (And, of course, his My Year Of Flops project for…
Review: Exploding The Phone
On February 8, 2014 by Matt Keeley
This almost feels like a companion volume to The Idea Factory — the other side of the phone company. Phil Lapsley's book, Exploding the Phone, is an absolutely fascinating book on the history of phone phreaking, or exploring the phone network (and…
Review: Mindsploitation
I never thought that there could be a book adaptation of Final Flesh, but then Vernon Chatman follows that film up with Mindsploitation, which… kinda is. With Final Flesh, he found a couple of porn studios that would let you write up…
Review: What I'd Say To The Martians
When I was younger, for whatever reason, I thought that Jack Handey was actually Al Franken. The idea that Jack Handey — known most for the "Deep Thoughts" segments on Saturday Night Live — was a pseudonym is a surprisingly common one….
Review: Making WET
I guess I have a soft-spot for weird, short-lived magazines. I've talked about how much I love RAW here before, and now I've just read Leonard Koren's book Making WET: The Magazine of Gourmet Bathing about, well, making WET: The Magazine of…
Review: The Idea Factory
On June 9, 2013 by Matt Keeley
Bell Labs was awesome, and Jon Gertner's new book The Idea Factory sets out to prove this simple fact. The Bell Laboratories (funded by AT&T when they were a government-sanctioned monopoly) was the place where vacuum tubes were improved and ultimately replaced…


Welcome to Eighth Grade ELA!
"What an astonishing thing a book is. It's a flat object made from a tree with flexible parts on which are imprinted lots of funny dark squiggles. But one glance at it and you're inside the mind of another person, maybe somebody dead for thousands of years. Across the millennia, an author is speaking clearly and silently inside your head, directly to you. Writing is perhaps the greatest of human inventions, binding together people who never knew each other, citizens of distant epochs. Books break the shackles of time. A book is proof that humans are capable of working magic."


Canyon Crest Animal Hospital is a well established Veterinary Hospital with over 30 years of expereince. We provide a variety of services including preventative, wellness, medical, surgical and dental care. We have two sister hospitals that we work closely with so if we can't get your pet seen here at Canyon, we try our very best to get you seen at one of our sister hospitals both located in riverside, Small Animal Hospital and La Sierra Veterinary Clinic.
We provide a broad spectrum of diagnostic procedures through in -house and external laboratories, as well as X-ray use and a stocked pharmacy.
Our goal here at Canyon Crest Animal Hospital is to provide the best veterinary care whether its helping your pet feel better or giving you the right knowlege to help keep your pet happy and healthy.
Our doctors do not arrive until 9am. Please call for an appointment we do not accept walk ins.


Your Not-So-Secret Secret to a Successful Event: Hire an Event Planner.
Planning an event may sound as simple as creating a Google spreadsheet, but there is a reason why people get degrees in event planning. If you are planning to create an event by yourself, there is immense pressure on you to impress the guests of the event. You want your event to be one that everyone talks about, all for good reasons, of course. Ideally, the guests who attended would even ask you to repeat the event annually. But if you really want this kind of attention, what you need is an event planner.
Save Time. Save Money. Save Wrinkles Off Your Face.
It may sound counterintuitive for someone planning a budget conscious event to hire an event planner, but an event planner will create the best event for you and within your budget. They will take your ideas and turn it into an achievable and visionary evening, and you won't feel the stress and time crunch of it all.
As the event host, you will want another set of hands as it is, and this way, of an emergency pops up, your event planner will handle it instead of you. This will avoid last minute grocery runs to Sam's in a cocktail dress for bags of ice. The stress of what-ifs won't be your problem, so you can focus on your hosting duties.
A corporate event planner is essential when impressionable clients or colleagues are hanging around the cocktail bar.
Corporate event planners will ensure all your objectives are met. While marketing objectives may not fall under every 25th birthday or retirement party, they are vital when planning trade shows or company celebrations where you and your company need to have your best face forward. A corporate event planner will handle your social media marketing, event branding, and any deliverables you need, while ensuring that your event stays on-brand with your company's image.
A missing link in a corporate event's budget is often event staffing. If you don't have money to hire staff during the event, you will need to ask your staff to help with assigned duties, which will directly impact their enjoyment. It's possible you'll be hard-pressed to find employees willing to volunteer in the first place. At bleu Events, we make sure that event staffing is covered so you never have to rely on employees or friends and family to volunteer. Event planners will coordinate with a venue's on-site staff to create a special and seamless event. Even during the event, the event planner supervises everything to ensure the client's and the guests' satisfaction.
By the way, without an event planner, not only would you be stuck with the chaos of preparing for and planning the event, but after the party is over, while your guests are headed to the afterparty, you may be stuck at your venue cleaning up.


The CE and gunner, our nerves were steady.
Waiting to kill us, we hade no fear.
Which made us sad and sick, day after day.
While we stared at each other, face to face.
Reporting to our pilots our many close call.
The guns were the gunner's responsibility.
The crew chief and gunner, white or black.
We all did our jobs without any shame.


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Best 26 Mark Twain Quotes That Will Inspire You In Life
by Dhiren September 6, 2020 September 29, 2020 Leave a Comment on Best 26 Mark Twain Quotes That Will Inspire You In Life
Mark Twain is said to be America's greatest comedian. And he has been called by William Faulkner the "father of American literature".
He's written short stories attracted international attention and were also translated into French. So let's know something special about his life and see some Mark Twain Quotes.
Who Is Mark Twain ?
Mark Twain Earlier Life :
Mark Twain Career :
Mark Twain Problems :
Mark Twain Death :
Mark Twain Quotes With Images :
Mark Twain House
Mark Twain's real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was born on November 30, 1835, in Florida, U.S.A. It is also believed that Mark was born soon after the appearance of the Halley Comet.
And he predicted that he would "go out with this comet"; And surprisingly, he died the very next day after the comet came closest to the earth.
His mother's name was Jane Lampton Clemens and his father's name was John Marshall Clemens, a lawyer and judge. His father was a native of Kentucky and was of English and Scots-Irish descent. Mark was the sixth of their seven children.
When Mark was three years old, his family moved to Hannibal, a port city on the Mississippi River. His father died of pneumonia when he was 11 years old. The following year, he left school to become a printer's apprentice.
Mark Twain in 1850 at age of 15
In 1851, he started working as a typist, contributing to the article Hannibal Journal as an author. When he was 18, he left Hannibal and moved to New York City. And joined the printer trade union, the newly formed International Typographic Union there. He started self-studying in public libraries by going there.
During his time, the position of the pilot was the highest, even the reputation of the pilot was more than the captain. So he started working hard to become a pilot. And later Steamboat pilot Horace E. Bixby hired Mark as a pilot.
His salary was then 500 dollars, which is equivalent to 15,000 dollars today. As a young pilot, Mark served in the steamer Abbey Chambers with Grant Marsh, who became famous for his adventures as a steamboat captain on the Missouri River.
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Mark very happy with his career. But his service was cut off by the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, after which he worked as a volunteer for a few weeks.
In July 1861, Twain left for Nevada and California, he works as a reporter in the Territorial Enterprise in a newspaper office. He churned on news, editorials and sketches. There Twain became one of the most famous storytellers. He created a distinct narrative style.
He got a big break in 1865, a story based on life in a mining camp that appeared in newspapers and magazines around the country, "Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog".
In 1867, he took a five-month sea voyage to the Mediterranean Sea and wrote very well on it which was published in American newspapers. In 1869, one of his best selling books was published, 'The Innocent's Abroad'.
Mark Twain in 1871
At the age of 34, he became one of the most popular and famous writers in America. In February 1870, he married 28 years Olivia Langdon, the daughter of a wealthy New York coal merchant. Later both of them became permanent settle in Buffalo and later had four children.
Mark Twain in the laboratory of Nikola Tesla, early 1894
He then published several books such as 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' in 1876, 'The Prince and the Pauper' in 1881, 'Life on the Mississippi' in 1883, 'A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court' in 1889. , a science-fiction novel and 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' in 1935.
He had won many awards but his problems started to increase. He had lost his child son Langdon to diphtheria; In 1896, his daughter Susie died at the age of 24 of meningitis. His youngest daughter, Jean, was diagnosed with a serious illness and died in 1909. In June 1904, his wife Olivia died after a long illness.
After this, his nature became somewhat bitter. He never meets his friends and relatives. His memory started to decrease. Worst of all, he started getting addicted. Because of all these things, his health started deteriorating further.
Twain died of a heart attack on April 21, 1910, at the age of 74 in Redding, U.S. He is buried alongside in the Woodlawn Cemetery near his wife in Elmira, New York.
Today the Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut, has been released as a National Historic Site. Today he is remembered as the greatest crawler of American life.
You can't depend on your eyes when your imagination isn't evenly focused.
Whenever you see yourself on the side of the majority, you have time to improve.
Travel is deadly for those with prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.
Kindness is a language that even the deaf can hear. – Mark Twain
If you want to be happy, try to keep others happy. – Mark Twain
I think the greatest name of all inventions is Accident. – Mark Twain
Men would be mighty scarce without women.
The fear of death follows the fear of our lives.
Truth is more unfamiliar than fiction, but fiction forces the possibilities to stick when the truth does not.
Loneliness is not comfortable with itself. – Mark Twain
If you have ignorance and confidence then you can succeed anywhere. – Mark Twain
As you continue to move forward, you will get the secret to move forward. – Mark Twain
Discernment and happiness are an impossible combination.
The trouble is not to die for a friend, but to find a friend who will die for us.
Never leave until tomorrow which may happen the day after tomorrow.
Never argue with stupid people. – Mark Twain Quotes
You can get the full value of pleasure only when you share it with others. – Mark Twain Quotes
I think the most cruel animal in the world is humans. – Mark Twain Quotes
The man who does not read has no advantage over the man who cannot read.
Never tell the truth to those who do not deserve it.
If you always tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything.
If any emotion is honest, it is involuntary. – Mark Twain Quotes
Physical courage has become very common in today's world. – Mark Twain Quotes
The world's most interesting information comes from children. – Mark Twain Quotes
Don't allow anyone to be your priority while allowing yourself to be someone else's choice.
I am not afraid of death. I died billions and billions of years before I was born.
Always be loyal to the country. But one must remain loyal to the government only when it deserves it.
Laughter is one of the most effective weapons mankind has. – Mark Twain Quotes
Anger is an acid that hurts itself the most. – Mark Twain Quotes
Reality can be made more good with enough imagination. – Mark Twain Quotes
Good friends, good books and deep sleep: this is a perfect life.
Stay away from people who try to reduce your ambitions.
Education is the way of egoistic ignorance to miserable uncertainty.
I never let my schooling interfere with my education.
History does not repeat itself but keeps changing itself. – Mark Twain Quotes
Sometimes a clear conscience can also be a sure sign of a bad memory. – Mark Twain Quotes
Get your facts first, and then try to win them. – Mark Twain Quotes
The scent of forgiveness is different. – Mark Twain Quotes
Everyone is a moon that never shows its other dark side to anyone like the moon.
Courage is resistance to fear and mastery in fear but not the absence of fear.
A man who lives perfectly is ready to die at any moment.
Books are for people who want to be something else in life.
Falsehood can travel all over the world while the truth is clinging to its shoes.
Always do what is right. It will satisfy half of mankind and amaze the other.
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The black & white, fixed-position video this page can take you to may strike some viewers as nearly as ancient and crude as the Ancient Greek shenanigans performed in it. All the action's completely innocent – and yet, there they are: the satyrs, "standing up" below, if you know what I mean, in all their half-naked glory. The old film of the Barnard Columbia Ancient Greek Drama Group production (from circa 1981) makes the frisky nether-parts hard to make out, but be forewarned.
The Satyrs address sheep they pasture, complaining about being slaves of the Polyphemus, the Cyclops. Natural party animals that they are, where, these half-goat shepherds ask, is their intoxicating god, Dionysus, or, as also call him, Bromios, the wildly loud?
The half-human chorus imagines with delicious horror how inside his cave the Cyclops is violating the laws of hospitality. They're mighty glad they're not in there too, because right about now the master will be chowing down on Odysseus (Latin form, Ulysses) and his crew, who, as guests, should to be sacred, not savored.
Rollick along to this "Drinking Song" when the "monster" stumbles out of his lair, having been made drunk as per the the scheme of wily Odysseus. Now Polyphemus capers, singing, or belching, about the joys of wine – and of brotherly love.
As Odysseus enters the cave to execute his intention of blinding the blind-drunk Cyclops, the Satyrs vividly wish this violence every success.
The Satyrs celebrate their freedom when the crafty mortal's plan succeeds. Satyrs, sailors, Odysseus and everyone except the now blind Polyphemus will soon dance away from Etna's shores….


In today's culture, we hear a lot of talk about being an influencer. Some kids (not all, of course) don't necessarily want to work at anything – they want to create their podcast or YouTube channel and influence others – whether that's about shopping, sports, fashion, makeup, music, etc… Doesn't really matter.
Then I had another thought – now if the two people above wanted to do a YouTube channel influencing couples on a good marriage, I would definitely listen.
Because they are celebrating 73 years of marriage this week!!!!!!!
This is Gene (98) and Barbara Weddle (94) and they are my inlaws. I know that THEY could be good marriage influencers because I have known them for all but the first 20 years of my life and have observed that marriage.
That's what they'd tell you, but there's the other part – the part they haven't SAID but I've simply observed.
I know they love the Lord and have always served Him well, continuing to be active in the church where they are charter members.
I know they raised two good kids (and I'm so thankful for that).
I know they don't criticize each other but treat each other with respect and kindness.
I know that they support and are proud of each other.
Yes, these are people who are good marriage influencers and they have the record to prove it. Seventy-three years is more than most of us have been alive!
But think about it — we are all influencers.
Paul understood this. He didn't have a YouTube channel, but he did have a life and he was aware that people were watching.
We don't have to "try" and be an influencer. We are influencing others and this is a message we can pass on to our kids. The way we talk, our attitude, the things we do — all influence other people.
If our personal kids or the kids we're teaching, love the Lord, we need to let them know that they can be an influencer to their families, the neighbors, their friends, their teachers, the dentist … whomever they (and we) come in contact with, we influence. That influence can be good or that influence can be not so good.
Let's be intentional and encourage our kids to be intentional influencers for Christ both in what we say and in what we do.
Oh, and Happy Anniversary to my in-laws.


Beazley offers innovative solutions for claims-made professional and general liability risk.
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Q: Measuring how a new sample contributes to the diversity of a dataset I am working with grayscale images dataset. Is there a way to determine a new grayscale image can contribute to the diversity of a greyscale images dataset? I would like to prevent the dataset of having too many similar samples.

A: Well, what do you see when you look at it? If you have information about the images in this dataset, you yourself can probably assess whether this new sample is a repetition of some pattern that is already included in the dataset, or if it is something unique.
Another idea might be to compare the images analytically. Depending on the case, you may want to look at the individual pixel averages (each should be between 0 and 255) of your training set and compare it with the pixel values of this sample image. Similarly, other measures may also work.
What I would do is, if you have a model trained on your current dataset, to use the model to predict/classify the sample image, see how well it performs, and with what confidence it performs. This way, perhaps you can assess whether your model (and the dataset you trained it with) have something to learn from this new sample image.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It has recently appeared in the news that Ted Baker have teamed up with the famous bicycle producers, Quella. Together, they are set to create three stylish bespoke models which are predicted to outdo Santander Cycles. Each of these three new bicycle structures feature copper plating, steel frame, and will have a Brooks England leather saddle. The bikes will be available in red, green and blue and have been named after fish due to the bikes being inspired by the ability salmon have to swim upstream – Redfinn, Bluetail and Greengill – Well, for the £1,995, you'd expect a pretty name, wouldn't you!
Copper plating is used for both functional and decorative reasons. Traditionally, it is used for electroforming but can also be used for Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) shielding purposes. The reasons for this are because copper is a brilliant conductor and its deposits from copper plating are very bright. It also has excellent levelling properties and naturally kills bacteria which is why it is used so frequently in laboratories to plate medical equipment. The aesthetics of copper plating are used due to its bright, highly polished copper-pink appearance which can be lacquered in order to prevent the copper plating from becoming tarnished if it is intended only for decorative purposes.
Here at us, we are experts in the process of copper plating as well as the process of electroless nickel plating (ENP). We have a friendly and professional team, who are happy to help you with any query you may have. If you have any questions regarding copper plating, electroless nickel plating or any other of our services or if there is something you or your business would like to find out more about, contact us today on our phone number, email us at info@metal-finishing-company.co.uk or alternatively you can click here to go directly to our website. As another option, you could use the following links to go directly to information most frequently asked for regarding the services we provide, such as diffused nickel plating, copper plating, shot blasting and heat treatment.


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Aaron Lewis FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!
Who is Aaron Lewis? Biography, gossip, facts?
Aaron Lewis (born April 13 1972) is an American musician who is the lead vocalist rhythm guitarist and founding member of the rock group Staind with whom he has released seven studio albums. He has since ventured into country music with his debut solo album Town Line. The EP was released on March 1 2011 on Stroudavarious Records. Lewis' first full-length solo release The Road was released by Blaster Records on November 13 2012.
When is Aaron Lewis's birthday?
Aaron Lewis was born on the 13th of April 1972 , which was a Thursday. Aaron Lewis will be turning 48 in only 81 days from today.
How old is Aaron Lewis?
Aaron Lewis is 47 years old. To be more precise (and nerdy), the current age as of right now is 17164 days or (even more geeky) 411936 hours. That's a lot of hours!
Are there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Aaron Lewis? Is there a Aaron Lewis action figure?
We would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Aaron Lewis right here.
What is Aaron Lewis's zodiac sign and horoscope?
Aaron Lewis's zodiac sign is Aries.
The ruling planet of Aries is Mars. Therefore, lucky days are Tuesdays and lucky numbers are: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63 and 72. Scarlet and Red are Aaron Lewis's lucky colors. Typical positive character traits of Aries include: Spontaneity, Brazenness, Action-orientation and Openness. Negative character traits could be: Impatience, Impetuousness, Foolhardiness, Selfishness and Jealousy.
Is Aaron Lewis gay or straight?
Many people enjoy sharing rumors about the sexuality and sexual orientation of celebrities. We don't know for a fact whether Aaron Lewis is gay, bisexual or straight. However, feel free to tell us what you think! Vote by clicking below.
37% of all voters think that Aaron Lewis is gay (homosexual), 60% voted for straight (heterosexual), and 3% like to think that Aaron Lewis is actually bisexual.
Is Aaron Lewis still alive? Are there any death rumors?
Yes, as far as we know, Aaron Lewis is still alive. We don't have any current information about Aaron Lewis's health. However, being younger than 50, we hope that everything is ok.
Where was Aaron Lewis born?
Aaron Lewis was born in Rutland (city) Vermont.
Is Aaron Lewis hot or not?
Well, that is up to you to decide! Click the "HOT"-Button if you think that Aaron Lewis is hot, or click "NOT" if you don't think so.
59% of all voters think that Aaron Lewis is hot, 41% voted for "Not Hot".
What bands was Aaron Lewis in? Which artists did Aaron Lewis work with?
Aaron Lewis collaborated with Staind.
What instruments does Aaron Lewis play?
Aaron Lewis does know how to play various instruments. These are some of them: Guitar and Singing.
Does Aaron Lewis do drugs? Does Aaron Lewis smoke cigarettes or weed?
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76% of the voters think that Aaron Lewis does do drugs regularly, 12% assume that Aaron Lewis does take drugs recreationally and 12% are convinced that Aaron Lewis has never tried drugs before.
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Aaron Lewis's career started in 1990. That is more than 30 years ago.
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LD 11, sponsored by State Representative Stephen Wood, proposed amending Maine's constitution to establish the right to hunt and fish was recently before the committee for a vote. The result was a split decision with 'Ought Not to Pass' gaining the majority vote.
"I've proposed this bill as an attempt to join 21 other states around the country which guarantee the right to hunt and fish in their constitutions; most recently Kansas and Indiana. Two states also guarantee only the right to fish, California and Rhode Island.
Here in Maine and around the country there are growing threats to state conservation work as well as our sporting heritage. The purpose for this amendment to Maine s Constitution is to establish a protection for Mainers now and future generations.
If enacted, the proposal would have protected Maine's hunters and fishermen, both those who do it for recreation and those who rely on it for subsistence, from the onslaught of repeated ballot initiatives brought by anti-hunting activists with out-of-state funding and support. Does the bear baiting referendum ring a bell?
It was your opportunity to serve and protect the interests of the people you represent. Instead, you chose to serve the interests of anti-hunting, extremist organizations such as the Humane Society of the United States and WildWatch Maine; both of whom are actively working to outright ban all forms of hunting by choosing to not recommend the bill's passage.
The anti-hunting movement has been targeting states like Maine by exploiting our citizen's initiative referendum process. This movement is so widespread and so well-funded that 21 states have already enacted protections. Sadly, Maine will not be joining them; and the citizens who rely on hunting and fishing are running out of money needed to repel repeated attacks at the ballot box.
Rural Mainers who rely on fishing and hunting for food and their livelihoods had a chance to see their representatives in government make a tough decision in standing up to anti-hunting lobbyists and stop the ridiculous abuse of Maine's citizen ballot initiative process. Well, that did not happen.
I think many in the capitol area and urban enclaves see hunting and fishing as recreation or sport, and as such believe recreation and sport do not have the merit needed for constitutional tinkering. While that may be the case in Portland, Augusta or even Bangor, it most certainly is not the case for the people who live in the places suburbanites come to recreate in.
In most rural parts of Maine, hunting and fishing aren't weekend sports that are casually practiced when time away from the bustle of the city gets to be too much. It is a way of life out here.
Mainers living in the country depend heavily on hunting and fishing to help support their families. Have you looked at the price of a steak in the supermarket lately? Or even a one pound package of ground beef?
Out here, where any-deer permits are sparse and most can only take a buck, that one deer can amount to hundreds of dollars in food. And that is if you are lucky enough to take one.
Similarly, you are more likely than not to find locals fishing for white perch, which provides for the opportunity for more table fare due to liberal bag limits, than those fishing for a trophy-sized trout. I'm sure my neighbors would not pass up the chance of landing a trophy brook trout or two, but due to current bag limits, only two are permitted under general fishing law. You aren't feeding a family with two fish.
Your message was spoken loudly and clearly, and this is what we heard – you don't have the right to feed your family.
The economic impact alone on rural communities and small businesses that rely on sporting revenues will be devastating when the anti-hunting activists actually succeed on a referendum initiative. Yes, I said when.
The ramifications of not sending this proposal out of committee with an 'Ought to Pass' means the likelihood of passage through the legislature is slim to none. And make no mistake; the opponents of lawful hunting and fishing are practically dancing in the street over your decision. I can already hear them sharpening their pencils for the next attempt at banning some form of hunting or fishing activity.
Much of the opposing testimony submitted was rife with wild speculation; and lots of 'what ifs'. The vast majority of it was plain old anti-hunting propaganda. Propaganda that you fell for.
The text of the legislative document was concise, plainly written and made provisions to ensure that regulation and game law enforcement would not be compromised – much like the second amendment to the U.S. constitution. Gun owners must still abide by firearm laws, ordinances and regulations enacted by governments as allowed by the second amendment.
"Section 26. Right to hunt, fish and harvest game and fish.
The right of the people of this State to hunt, fish and harvest game and fish, including by the use of traditional methods, may not be infringed, subject to reasonable laws enacted by the Legislature and reasonable rules adopted by the state agency designated for fish and wildlife management to promote wildlife conservation and management, to maintain natural resources in trust for public use and to preserve the future of hunting and fishing.
By siding with moneyed outsiders like Humane Society of the United States, the organization who spent a fortune trying to eliminate bear hunting in Maine, and turning your back on the very people who need this protection to ensure the livelihoods of their families, you have emboldened the special interest groups who seek to extinguish a very important, and needed, component of rural Maine lifestyle.


text:
Q: Is this Sedgewick code correct? I am solving an optimization problem in which, among other things, I must maximize flow networks. I implemented a c++ code based flow-maximization algorithm based in the following java code that appears in the book of Sedgewick "Algorithms in Java, Third Edition, Part 5: Graph Algorithms", which maximizes a network flow using a vertex-based PREFLOW-push algorithm:
class NetworkMaxFlow
{ private Network G; private int s, t;
  private int[] h, wt;
  private void initheights()
  NetworkMaxFlow(Network G, int s, int t)
  { this.G = G; this.s = s; this.t = t;
    wt = new int[G.V()]; h = new int[G.V()];
    initheights();
    intGQ gQ = new intGQ(G.V());
    gQ.put(s); wt[t] = -(wt[s] = Edge.M*G.V());
    while (!gQ.empty())
    { int v = gQ.get();
      AdjList A = G.getAdjList(v);
      for (Edge e = A.beg(); !A.end(); e = A.nxt())
        { int w = e.other(v), cap = e.capRto(w);
          int P = cap < wt[v] ? cap : wt[v];
          if (P > 0 && v == s || h[v] == h[w]+1) // first observation (see below)
            { e.addflowRto(w, P);
              wt[v] -= P; wt[w] += P;
              if ((w != s) && (w != t)) gQ.put(w); // enqueue w if it is not source or sink
            }
        }
      if (v != s && v != t && wt[v] > 0) // why check v != t if t never enter the queue?
        { h[v]++; gQ.put(v); }
    }
  }
}

My implementation, based on that code, fails to maximize the following network

After execution, the the resulting flow is as follows

With this flow, the flow value is 8, but the maximum is 9, as indicated by the flow of the figure below

According to my understanding, the algorithm is consistent with the explanation of the book. However, I see two strange things

*

*There is no explicit preflow phase from source. It is included in the while and executed first and only once when the predicate P > 0 && v == s is true. Maybe this was done to shorten the code

*According to my understanding, and discourse of the book, the sink never enters the queue. However, when the height is increased, the code checks that v != t. Any reason for this?

This is an excerpt from my implementation of this algorithm in C++
template <class Net, class Q_Type> typename Net::Flow_Type
generic_preflow_vertex_push_maximum_flow(Net & net)
{
  init_height_in_nodes(net); // breadth first traverse from sink to
                 // source. Nodes are labeled with their
                 // minimal distance (in nodes) to sink
  auto source = net.get_source();
  auto sink   = net.get_sink();

  using Itor = __Net_Iterator<Net>;
  Q_Type q; // generic queue (can be fifo, heap or random) of active nodes

  // preflow: floods all nodes connected to the source
  for (Itor it(source); it.has_curr(); it.next())
    {
      auto arc  = it.get_curr();
      arc->flow = arc->cap; // saturate arc to its maximum
      auto tgt = net.get_tgt_node(arc);
      put_in_active_queue(q, tgt);
      assert(node_height<Net>(source) == node_height<Net>(tgt) + 1);
      assert(not is_residual<Net>(source, arc));
    }

  while (not q.is_empty()) // while there are active nodes
    {
      auto src = get_from_active_queue(q);
      auto excess = net.get_in_flow(src) - net.get_out_flow(src);

      for (Itor it(src); it.has_curr(); it.next())
        {
          auto arc = it.get_curr();
          auto tgt = net.get_connected_node(arc, src);

          if (node_height<Net>(src) != node_height<Net>(tgt) + 1)
            continue; // this arc is not eligible

          typename Net::Flow_Type flow_to_push;
          if (is_residual<Net>(src, arc))
            {
              flow_to_push = std::min(arc->flow, excess);
              arc->flow -= flow_to_push;
            }
          else
            {
              flow_to_push = std::min(arc->cap - arc->flow, excess);
              arc->flow += flow_to_push;
            }

          excess -= flow_to_push;
          if (tgt != sink and tgt != source)
            put_in_active_queue(q, tgt);
        }

    if (excess > 0) // src still active?
      {
        node_height<Net>(src)++;
        put_in_active_queue(q, src);
      }
  }

  return net.flow_value(); // sum of all outing flow from source
}

¿Someone find any logical inconsistency between my code and the code of Sedgewick? I have the impression that my code (and perhaps also the Sedgewick) is not properly handling the increases in heights. But I do not manage to understand why
I show a detailed execution trace with the network that fails to maximize (the trace start from the first q.get() of while. The values in parentheses are the values of the heights. IN is the incoming flow to the node. OUT the outcoming one.
As example, the line
    4104 (2) --> 0 (1) pushing 1 from 4104 toward 0

refers the eligible arc 4104-->0. The node 4104 has height 2 and the node 0 has height 1. The expression "pushing 1" means that 1 unity of flow is pushed toward the target node (0). The line ================ separates each queue extraction. The queue is FIFO and its state is printed at the end of each processing.
Note that many times zero flow units are pushed or reduceed, but the destination node becomes active.
This is the execution trace
Initial Queue = 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108

Active node 4104 Height = 2 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    4104 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4104 (2) --> 0 (1) pushing 1 from 4104 toward 0
    4104 (2) --> 1 (1) pushing 0 from 4104 toward 1
    4104 (2) --> 2 (1) pushing 0 from 4104 toward 2
    4104 (2) --> 4 (1) pushing 0 from 4104 toward 4
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4105 4106 4107 4108 0 1 2 4
================
Active node 4105 Height = 2 IN = 3 OUT = 0
    4105 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4105 (2) --> 1 (1) pushing 1 from 4105 toward 1
    4105 (2) --> 4 (1) pushing 1 from 4105 toward 4
    4105 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 1 from 4105 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4106 4107 4108 0 1 2 4 6
================
Active node 4106 Height = 2 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    4106 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4106 (2) --> 1 (1) pushing 1 from 4106 toward 1
    4106 (2) --> 5 (1) pushing 0 from 4106 toward 5
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4107 4108 0 1 2 4 6 5
================
Active node 4107 Height = 2 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    4107 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4107 (2) --> 1 (1) pushing 1 from 4107 toward 1
    4107 (2) --> 2 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 2
    4107 (2) --> 3 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 3
    4107 (2) --> 4 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 4
    4107 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4108 0 1 2 4 6 5 3
================
Active node 4108 Height = 2 IN = 3 OUT = 0
    4108 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4108 (2) --> 1 (1) pushing 1 from 4108 toward 1
    4108 (2) --> 2 (1) pushing 1 from 4108 toward 2
    4108 (2) --> 4 (1) pushing 1 from 4108 toward 4
    4108 (2) --> 5 (1) pushing 0 from 4108 toward 5
    4108 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 0 from 4108 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 0 1 2 4 6 5 3
================
Active node 0 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    0 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 1 from 0 toward sink
    0 (1) --> 4104 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 1 2 4 6 5 3
================
Active node 1 Height = 1 IN = 4 OUT = 0
    1 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 2 from 1 toward sink
    1 (1) --> 4105 (2) not eligible
    1 (1) --> 4106 (2) not eligible
    1 (1) --> 4107 (2) not eligible
    1 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 2    1 goes back onto queue with label 2
    Queue = 2 4 6 5 3 1
================
Active node 2 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    2 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 1 from 2 toward sink
    2 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4 6 5 3 1
================
Active node 4 Height = 1 IN = 2 OUT = 0
    4 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 2 from 4 toward sink
    4 (1) --> 4105 (2) not eligible
    4 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 6 5 3 1
================
Active node 6 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    6 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 1 from 6 toward sink
    6 (1) --> 4105 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 5 3 1
================
Active node 5 Height = 1 IN = 0 OUT = 0
    5 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 5 toward sink
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 3 1
================
Active node 3 Height = 1 IN = 0 OUT = 0
    3 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 3 toward sink
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 1
================
Active node 1 Height = 2 IN = 4 OUT = 2
    1 (2) --> 4105 (2) not eligible
    1 (2) --> 4106 (2) not eligible
    1 (2) --> 4107 (2) not eligible
    1 (2) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 2    1 goes back onto queue with label 3
    Queue = 1
================
Active node 1 Height = 3 IN = 4 OUT = 2
    1 (3) --> 4105 (2) Reducing 1 from 1 toward 4105
    1 (3) --> 4106 (2) Reducing 1 from 1 toward 4106
    1 (3) --> 4107 (2) Reducing 0 from 1 toward 4107
    1 (3) --> 4108 (2) Reducing 0 from 1 toward 4108
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4105 4106 4107 4108
================
Active node 4105 Height = 2 IN = 3 OUT = 2
    4105 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4105 (2) --> 1 (3) not eligible
    Excess = 1    4105 goes back onto queue with label 3
    Queue = 4106 4107 4108 4105
================
Active node 4106 Height = 2 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    4106 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4106 (2) --> 1 (3) not eligible
    4106 (2) --> 5 (1) pushing 1 from 4106 toward 5
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4107 4108 4105 5
================
Active node 4107 Height = 2 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    4107 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4107 (2) --> 2 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 2
    4107 (2) --> 3 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 3
    4107 (2) --> 4 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 4
    4107 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4108 4105 5 2 3 4 6
================
Active node 4108 Height = 2 IN = 3 OUT = 3
    4108 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4108 (2) --> 5 (1) pushing 0 from 4108 toward 5
    4108 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 0 from 4108 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4105 5 2 3 4 6
================
Active node 4105 Height = 3 IN = 3 OUT = 2
    4105 (3) --> source (3) not eligible
    4105 (3) --> 1 (3) not eligible
    Excess = 1    4105 goes back onto queue with label 4
    Queue = 5 2 3 4 6 4105
================
Active node 5 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 0
    5 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 1 from 5 toward sink
    5 (1) --> 4106 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 2 3 4 6 4105
================
Active node 2 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    2 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 2 toward sink
    2 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 3 4 6 4105
================
Active node 3 Height = 1 IN = 0 OUT = 0
    3 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 3 toward sink
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4 6 4105
================
Active node 4 Height = 1 IN = 2 OUT = 2
    4 (1) --> 4105 (4) not eligible
    4 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 6 4105
================
Active node 6 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    6 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 6 toward sink
    6 (1) --> 4105 (4) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4105
================
Active node 4105 Height = 4 IN = 3 OUT = 2
    4105 (4) --> source (3) Reducing 1 from 4105 toward source
    4105 (4) --> 1 (3) pushing 0 from 4105 toward 1
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 1
================
Active node 1 Height = 3 IN = 2 OUT = 2
    1 (3) --> 4107 (2) Reducing 0 from 1 toward 4107
    1 (3) --> 4108 (2) Reducing 0 from 1 toward 4108
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4107 4108
================
Active node 4107 Height = 2 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    4107 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4107 (2) --> 2 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 2
    4107 (2) --> 3 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 3
    4107 (2) --> 4 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 4
    4107 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 0 from 4107 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4108 2 3 4 6
================
Active node 4108 Height = 2 IN = 3 OUT = 3
    4108 (2) --> source (3) not eligible
    4108 (2) --> 5 (1) pushing 0 from 4108 toward 5
    4108 (2) --> 6 (1) pushing 0 from 4108 toward 6
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 2 3 4 6 5
================
Active node 2 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    2 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 2 toward sink
    2 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 3 4 6 5
================
Active node 3 Height = 1 IN = 0 OUT = 0
    3 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 3 toward sink
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 4 6 5
================
Active node 4 Height = 1 IN = 2 OUT = 2
    4 (1) --> 4105 (4) not eligible
    4 (1) --> 4108 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 6 5
================
Active node 6 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    6 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 6 toward sink
    6 (1) --> 4105 (4) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue = 5
================
Active node 5 Height = 1 IN = 1 OUT = 1
    5 (1) --> sink (0) pushing 0 from 5 toward sink
    5 (1) --> 4106 (2) not eligible
    Excess = 0
    Queue =

A: Your questions
Preflow

There is no explicit preflow phase from source. It is included in the while and executed first and only once when the predicate P > 0 && v == s is true. Maybe this was done to shorten the code

Yes, I think that was done to compact the code. Due to the assignment wt[s] = Edge.M*G.V() at the beginning the source has enough "virtual" excess in order to fuel the preflow in the first iteration of the algorithm. If you wanted to do the same trick in your implementation, you would have to inflate the excess variable (that you calculate on the fly instead of storing it in an array like Sedgewick) during the first iteration, when you encounter the source node. But you don't have to do it that way, your explicit preflooding seems just fine and probably even makes things more readable.
I also suspect that in the condition P > 0 && v == s || h[v] == h[w]+1 the implicit operator precedence (P > 0 && v == s) || h[v] == h[w]+1 was not intended. The way it is written, the check P > 0 is only performed for the source case. Not checking it in the other cases won't hurt because executing the body with P == 0 will just push a 0 excess to other nodes (which doesn't do anything) and unnecessarily add those other nodes to the queue, just for them being removed again immediately. I've seen that you implemented it the same way. That's OK, even though a slight waste of computational time. Probably P > 0 && (v == s || h[v] == h[w]+1) was really intended.
Sink in the queue

According to my understanding, and discourse of the book, the sink never enters the queue. However, when the height is increased, the code checks that v != t. Any reason for this?

I agree, this is weird. The only way the sink can enter the queue is by being the source at the same time (in a graph with only one node and no edges). However, in that case the condition v != s already avoids the infinite loop, no extra condition necessary.
Wrong results

After execution, the resulting flow is as follows [...] With this flow, the flow value is 8, but the maximum is 9

Initial heights
You are getting wrong results because your initial heights are wrong. I cannot compare Sedgewick's initialization code with yours because your post doesn't specify either. But I learn from your log file that you are starting with a height of 3 for source. That is clearly against the conditions for height functions: The source has to start out with a height equal to the number of nodes in your graph and will keep it during the whole algorithm.
In your case the height of source is too close to the height of its downstream neighbors. This causes the downstream neighbors to push some flow back to the source quite soon, before trying hard enough to let it flow further downstream. They are supposed to do that only if there is no way to let it flow down to the sink.
Broken graph?
What further concerns me is that the edge [4104 -> 1] seems to disappear. While it is mentioned during the processing of the node 4104, it never shows up during the processing of the node 1. All other incoming edges are mentioned, be it with regard to "not eligible", "pushing" or "reducing". I'd expect it to appear as one of the three types, just like the others. But then again, I don't know where exactly you put those logging statements. Still, it leaves a bit of a concern and I thought I'd mention it in case you still have trouble after fixing your heights.


text:
Summary of "Longtermism" and "Existential Risk"
October 26, 2021 Existential RiskJohn Messerly
Phil Torres recently published "The Dangerous Ideas of "Longtermism" and "Existential Risk" in Current Affairs. The essay's thesis is that so-called rationalists have created a disturbing secular religion that appears to address humanity's deepest problems but actually pursues the social preferences of elites. Here is a brief summary of the article. (I've published reviews of Torres' past books here and here.)
Torres begins by noting that Skype co-founder Jaan Tallinn minimizes the risk of climate change. Why? Maybe he doesn't think it will affect a wealthy person like himself. Perhaps. But most likely, Torres argues that a moral worldview called "longtermism" informs Tallin's thinking.
Longtermism doesn't just propose we care about future generations. Rather it insists that we should fulfill our potential which includes "replacing humanity with a superior "posthuman" species, colonizing the universe, and ultimately creating an unfathomably huge population of conscious beings who likely will live "inside high-resolution computer simulations." Existential risks then are events that destroy this transhumanist future.
Furthermore, "longtermism" has become one of the main ideas promoted by the "Effective Altruism" (EA) movement. EA argues that altruism should not be driven by trying to feel good but rather by data showing what actually does good. For example, computer science research may help avoid an AI-generated disaster and ultimately bring about far more value than say, lifting a million people out of poverty today. (The utilitarian nature of EA is obvious.)
Now in this light consider climate change. It may cause great harm in the next few decades and centuries but if it is the very far future that matters then this near-term suffering pales in comparison to the potential good in the far future. As Nick Bostrom writes of the Holocaust or World Wars or the Black Death: "Tragic as such events are to the people immediately affected, in the big picture of things … even the worst of these catastrophes are mere ripples on the surface of the great sea of life."
Now for longtermists this implies "that even the tiniest reductions in "existential risk" are morally equivalent to saving the lives of literally billions of living, breathing, actual people." Torres finds this morally reprehensible.
To make this concrete, imagine Greaves and MacAskill in front of two buttons. If pushed, the first would save the lives of 1 million living, breathing, actual people. The second would increase the probability that 1014 currently unborn people come into existence in the far future by a teeny-tiny amount. Because, on their longtermist view, there is no fundamental moral difference between saving actual people
and bringing new people into existence, these options are morally equivalent.
And, according to longtermists, this is why we shouldn't worry too much about climate change as long as we survive to fulfill our potential. (I think most futurists worrying about the short-term implications of climate change regardless of whether there is a runaway greenhouse scenario. I also think that it is difficult to know where to put your resources. How much to mitigate the effects of climate change and how much to other scientific research? It is hard to know the optimal strategy.)
However, Torres finds all this appalling. He sees "longtermism as an immensely dangerous ideology." It is a secular religion that worships future value and comes complete with its own doctrine of salvation—that we will live forever as posthumans. Moreover, numerous EAs have argued, "that we should care more about people in rich countries than poor countries." This is primarily because the workers in rich countries are more innovative and productive.
So while climate change is bad, longtermists generally worry more about AI. In fact, many longtermists not only believe
believe that superintelligent machines pose the greatest single hazard to human survival, but they seem convinced that if humanity were to create a "friendly" superintelligence whose goals are properly "aligned" with our "human goals," then a new Utopian age of unprecedented security and flourishing would suddenly commence.
The idea is that friendly superintelligence could eliminate or reduce all existential risks. As Bostrom writes "One might believe … the new civilization would [thus] have vastly improved survival prospects since it would be guided by superintelligent foresight and planning." Other futurists share this view—advancing AI is the best way to bring about a good future.
But Torres objects to the potential "for a genocidal catastrophe in the name of realizing astronomical amounts of far-future "value." He also objects to those who believe that longtermism "is so important that they have little tolerance for dissenters." These true believers minimize both past and present suffering in the name of dogma. And he especially objects to "the ends justify the means" ethics that underlies all this. Again, he is not saying we shouldn't care about the future, but that he doesn't want to
genuflect before the altar of "future value" or "our potential," understood in techno-Utopian terms of colonizing space, becoming posthuman, subjugating the natural world, maximizing economic productivity, and creating massive computer simulations …
Avoiding the untold suffering that climate change will cause "requires immediate action from the Global North. Meanwhile, millionaires and billionaires under the influence of longtermist thinking are focused instead on superintelligent machines that they believe will magically solve the mess that, in large part, they themselves have created."
Brief Reply
I'm not convinced by Torres' argument. I am a transhumanist who believes that we must use future technologies to have any chance at survival and flourishing for ourselves and our descendants. I agree we shouldn't minimize past or future suffering, and we should do everything possible to ameliorate or eliminate it, but it seems to me that we can both mitigate the effects of climate change and advance scientific research in AI simultaneously.
I would also say that we would live in a better world if most of the GDP produced in the world was invested in scientific research, including a massive worldwide effort to subsidize the education of future scientists, pay them extraordinarily well, and educate the populace in scientific matters. As I've said many times in this blog … we either evolve or we will die.
(Note – Torres has further explained these themes in a new essay "Against Longtermism.")
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3 thoughts on "Summary of "Longtermism" and "Existential Risk""
Hmm, I would think you would mostly agree with Torres. I think his main point is the ability of a Longtermist to justify horrendous actions in the present for the exclusive benefit of those in the far future, which we can't be sure will even come to pass.
For example, a Longtermist might argue we should divert all food and resources away from Africa and toward Western Europe (uh-oh), so that they never experience shortages, thus producing more "high-level" workers, thus getting us closer to AI, space-traveling humans, etc., and whatever the end goal is.
The pitfalls of this are immoral I would argue and something we should be weary of.
I think that's a distinct ideology from desiring that our goals and taxes go to more scientific R&D and education and fewer bombs, bankers, wealthy, etc.
Ok, fair point.
JGM
Asteroids might have to be mined to obtain resources necessary for these techno-possibilities. Don't know: we'd have to ask experts—everyone at Reason and Meaning is a scientific layman.