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Doctson walked on at TCU after leaving Wyoming after one season. He finished his three-year TCU career with 179 catches for 2,784 yards and 29 touchdowns, accounting for two of the three 1,000-yard receiving seasons in school history.
He promises more big things in the NFL.
"Being without a scholarship, you're viewed kind of in a different lens," Doctson said. "If I'm a head coach, I got guys on scholarship, so I'm going to show them more praise, things like that, because those are guys that I recruited.
Doctson had his family, including his mother, Tracy Syler-Jones, and TCU coach Gary Patterson with him in the green room. He was ready to go celebrate around several rounds of interviews that took a few hours after his selection.


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jazztourdatabase.com
Years Active:
Former Members:
Sonny Payne
Lucky Thompson
Erskine Ramsay Hawkins was an American trumpet player and big band leader from Birmingham, Alabama, dubbed "The 20th Century Gabriel". He is most remembered for composing the jazz standard "Tuxedo Junction" (1939) with saxophonist and arranger Bill Johnson. The song became a popular hit during World War II, rising to #7 nationally (version by the Erskine Hawkins Orchestra) and to #1 nationally (version by the Glenn Miller Orchestra). Vocalists who were featured with Erskine's orchestra include Ida James, Delores Brown and Della Reese. Hawkins was named after Alabama industrialist Erskine Ramsay.
Search Year
Bama State Collegians w/ Erskine Hawkins 11/23/1934 Lafayette Theatre Harlem New York USA
Bama State Collegians w/ Erskine Hawkins 01/25/1935 Apollo Theater Harlem New York USA
Erskine Hawkins & the Bama State Collegians 04/19/1935 Harlem Opera House Harlem New York USA
Erskine Hawkins & the Bama State Collegians 07/05/1935 Apollo Theater Harlem New York USA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home > Featured for Drug Addiction > What Are the Dangers of Combining Benzos and Alcohol?
August 5, 2021 By Kristina Robb-Dover
What Are the Dangers of Combining Benzos and Alcohol?
Benzodiazepines and alcohol are both central nervous system depressants and are highly addictive. The main reason why people combine benzos and alcohol is that they have developed tolerance to either alcohol or benzos. Tolerance to an addictive substance means your brain and body demand more of the substance to get high. When taking several benzos doesn't get a person high anymore, they may start combining alcohol and benzos. Alternately, an alcoholic may take benzos to enhance the effects of alcohol.
But mixing benzos and alcohol can be deadly. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), overdose deaths attributed to benzos and alcohol frequently occur because of the following:
The misconception that since benzodiazepines are prescribed by a physician, they are safer to abuse than "street" drugs
The fallacy that since alcohol is readily accessible, affordable and legal, it is a relatively harmless way to enhance the effects of benzos and other opioids
People with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) seem to experience stronger psychoactive effects from benzos, so that consequently, the risk of overdosing on alcohol and benzos is significantly higher in those with AUD.
What are Benzodiazepines and Why are They So Addictive?
Benzodiazepines are one of the most prescribed drugs in the U.S. The latest information provided by the CDC reports that over 65 million benzodiazepine prescriptions were written between 2014 and 2016. While the number of benzo prescriptions has decreased over the past several years, doctors are still routinely prescribing benzodiazepines anxiety, insomnia, mood disorders, panic disorders, hypertension and even metabolic disorders.
Brand names of most prescribed benzodiazepines include:
Halcion
By enhancing the anti-anxiety effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, benzos induce anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic feelings that make users experience a type of relaxing euphoria. Valium is also commonly given to patients before they undergo extensive dental or minimally invasive medical procedures. Ativan is often prescribed for insomnia and sleep disorders. To treat withdrawal symptoms in people recovering from alcoholism, physicians prescribe Librium because of its longer-acting properties.
Benzodiazepines are considered safe and effective when taken for no longer than 30 days. However, the potential for rapid addiction exists in people who may be genetically and/or psychologically predisposed to addiction. For example, individuals with a family history of mental illness and addictions (could be behavioral, food, Internet, etc.) may be at risk for becoming addicted to benzodiazepines in as little as two weeks.
How are the Effects of Alcohol Different from the Effects of Benzodiazepines?
Alcohol and benzos both activate GABA in the brain by acting as an agonist on GABA receptors. For this reason, both substances are labeled as central nervous system depressants that cause similar physical and mental effects—sedation, drowsiness, loss of coordination. reduced impulse control and euphoria.
However, the long-term side effects of alcohol abuse differ from the long-term effects of benzodiazepines. For example, people who drink several times a day for a long time inevitably suffer one or more of the following:
Cognitive problems (memory, executive functioning)
Liver disease (cirrhosis)
Cancer (particularly esophageal, breast, colorectal, and liver cancer)
Alternately, long-term abuse of benzodiazepines increases one's risks of:
Severe cognitive impairment (significant decline in short-term memory, focus, concentration, and comprehension of verbal/written materials)
Being involved in a car accident (people who drive while high on benzos are comparable to people who drive while intoxicated)
Personality changes similar to changes seen in dementia patients
Reduced psychomotor abilities
When individuals with a benzo addiction complete a treatment program and stay sober, they typically find their cognitive abilities returning to normal. With alcoholics, this is not always the case. Alcohol does much more damage to the brain and body when abused. Unfortunately, this damage may be permanent.
How Long Does It Take to Become Addicted to Benzodiazepines?
Within days of taking benzodiazepines, the brain starts adapting to higher levels of GABA. Tolerance for benzos builds quickly, which compels users to take more pills than prescribed. When the original dosage no longer gives users the intense feeling of relaxation and euphoria they initially experienced, this indicates they have developed tolerance to the drug. Instead of two pills, users may now take three pills or tell their physician the pills are "not working anymore" and ask for a stronger benzodiazepine. Growing tolerance for any drug is a definitive sign of potential addiction.
Dangers of Combining Benzos with Alcohol
Risk of Overdose
Benzodiazepines not only accelerate and amplify the effects of alcohol but also impair a user's ability to remember how much alcohol and benzos they've consumed. In most non-fatal overdose cases involving the mixing of alcohol and benzos, the individual simply forgot how many pills and drinks they consumed over a period of time.
Respiratory Depression
Central nervous system depressants like benzodiazepines and alcohol slow down the activity of all physiological systems. Respiratory depression deprives the brain and body of oxygen essential for normal functioning. Without enough oxygen, the brain starts shutting down, which leads to organs shutting down as well. Signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) include:
Severe breathlessness/shortness of breath
Labored breathing
Confusion/delirium
Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
Lips and fingernails turning blue as blood oxygen levels drop
Low blood pressure/shock
Unconsciousness
Respiratory arrest
Overdosing on a combination of benzos and alcohol can cause a coma when neurons stop signaling to other neurons in the brain. Respiratory distress, low blood pressure and heart arrhythmia can also contribute to a comatose state from overdose. In some cases, an extreme lack of oxygen can force the heart to stop beating just before an overdose victim slips into a coma. Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) interferes with chemical processes essential for brain functioning and cell activity throughout the body.
How is an Addiction to Alcohol and Benzodiazepines Treated?
Recovering from a dual addiction begins with completing a medical detoxification program. Detoxing involves staying in a hospital-like setting while you withdraw from drugs and alcohol. Medications are provided to ease symptoms and reduce cravings while supportive care is given as needed. Patients in detox are not discharged until they are healthy enough to enter an outpatient or inpatient treatment program.
If you are mixing alcohol and benzos, whether one day a week or several days a week, it's likely a sign of a much larger problem than just a desire to get high. Consider the fact that it may be time to seek help for a life-threatening addiction. Call FHE today for immediate assistance with getting treatment for you or someone you know.


Jeremiah 27:10 For they prophesy to you a lie that will serve to remove you from your land; I will banish you and you will perish.
They are all liars, and their lies will lead to your being driven out of your land. I will drive you out and send you far away to die.
For it is a lie that they are prophesying to you, with the result that you will be removed far from your land, and I will drive you out, and you will perish.
They are prophesying a lie to you so that you will be removed from your land. I will banish you, and you will perish.
If you listen to such lies, I will have you dragged far from your country and killed.
They are deceiving you and will cause you to be taken far away from your country. I will drive you out, and you will be destroyed.
for they prophesy a lie to you so that you will be removed from your land. I will banish you, and you will perish.
Do not listen to them, because their prophecies are lies. Listening to them will only cause you to be taken far away from your native land. I will drive you out of your country and you will die in exile.
for they prophesy a lie to you, to remove you far from your land, and that I should drive you out, and you should perish.
They are prophesying lies to you. They will cause you to be taken far from your lands. I'll scatter you, and you will die.
for they prophesy a lie unto you, to remove you far from your land; and that I should drive you out and ye should perish.
"For they prophesy a lie to you, in order to remove you far from your land; and I will drive you out, and you will perish.
For they prophesy a lie unto you, to remove you far from your land; and that I should drive you out, and you should perish.
For they prophesy a lie to you, to remove you far from your land; and that I should drive you out, and you should perish.
for they prophesy lies to you, to remove you far from your land.
For they prophesy lies to you: to remove you far from your country, and east you out, and to make you perish.
For they prophesy a lie to you, to remove you far from your land; and that I should drive you out, and ye should perish.
(10) To remove you far from your land.--The prophet speaks of what he foresees will be the result of the rebellion to which soothsayers and diviners were urging men, as if it were actually contemplated by them. They are to him like the lying spirit in the mouth of Ahab's prophets persuading him to go up to Ramoth Gilead to battle, in order that he might perish.
Verse 10. - To remove you far; or, more distinctly, that I may remove you far. So Isaiah 6:12, "(Until) Jehovah have removed men afar off." The deportation policy of the Assyrians and Babylonians was overruled by God for his own deep purposes.


We've made it to the scariest of Eloquent relations: polymorphic. Don't worry! As with most things, the word is scarier than the technique. A polymorphic relationship allows a model to belong to any number of models on a single association. Let's demonstrate this with a practical example.


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Shakespeare first folio returns to London - video report
A very rare Shakespeare first folio discovered in a French library last year is making its way back to the UK. The book, which contains 36 plays including Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest, is one of the most valuable in English literature. It was discovered by accident in a library in the northern French town of Saint-Omer in September 2014
Source: ITN
Mon 23 Feb 2015 12.35 EST First published on Mon 23 Feb 2015 12.35 EST
Top 10 best Shakespearean insults – to celebrate the bard's birthday
From tripe-visaged rascal to ass-head… William Shakespeare may have been born 450 years ago today (or thereabouts) but he sure knew how to put someone down in style. David and Ben Crystal, authors of the Oxford Illustrated Shakespeare Dictionary, help you work out which insults to use and when!
Shakespeare's fighting talk: which characters are ready to rumble? – quiz
How well do you know the brawls and battles in Shakespeare's plays? Match these words to the characters who speak them
Shakespearean, meet Shakespeare: Mark Rylance views first folio
The rare edition of Shakespeare's plays recently found in a French public library will go on show at the Globe theatre next year
Has the mystery of Shakespeare's Sonnets finally been solved?
New evidence points to identity of enigmatic 'Mr WH' to whom the poems are dedicated


Jarred Wall was having lunch with his friend at a cafe in Perth, Australia, when he heard two elderly women next to his table chatting about aboriginals and using less than "distasteful" words.
Rather than confront the pair and give them a piece of his mind, Wall bought the two ladies a pot of tea and on the receipt, he'd handwritten a note.
Accompanying his Facebook post, is the photo of the receipt from Zephyr Cafe with the note, which has received tons of praise from users online. Some saying "perfect action" to others wishing there were more people like him around.
Here's hoping next time these elderly ladies "will be wiser and think before they speak" because you never know who's sitting next to you.
Responses to "Aboriginal man responds in the best way possible after overhearing racist remarks"
fortunately these old dinosaurs and their archaic mindsets will be equally as extinct in the near future. that mentality/brainwashing is now becoming a thing of the past.


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Lou còsmic és una al·legoria per a explicar l'origen de l'univers i de la Terra.

Les primeres cultures que recullen aquest mite són l'egípcia, l'hindú (el Brahmanda Purana) i xinesa, i posteriorment apareixerà en les històries sobre cosmogonia dels finlandesos. Aquest ou pot provenir d'un animal o no, i ser incubat o no, depenent de la cultura, però en trencar-se'n la closca emergeix el món. Aquesta idea va ser recollida pels científics dels anys 30 com a metàfora per explicar que tot el cosmos provenia d'un sol àtom, com per exemple en les obres de Georges Lemaitre. La idea va ser abandonada en favor del big bang, que crea alhora l'espai, el temps i la matèria, tot i que manté la noció de màxima concreció en un punt. L'ou còsmic ha estat recuperat per la ciència-ficció, sovint sota la forma de paròdia.

La ciència i el mite de l'ou còsmic
L'ou còsmic és també un concepte cosmològic desenvolupat als anys 1930 i explorat pels teòrics durat les dues dècades següents. La idea ve de l'aparent necessitat de reconciliar les observacions d'Edwin Hubble d'un univers en expansió (també predit per les equacions de la relativitat general d'Einstein), amb la noció que l'univers hauria de ser eternament vell.

Teories científiques equivalents al mite de l'ou còsmic
La teoria científica afirma que fa molts milers de milions d'anys tota la massa de l'univers estava compresa en un volum uns trenta cops la mida del Sol, i des d'aquest estat s'expandí fins al seu estat actual (big bang).

Una altra teoria relacionada també afirma que la gravetat alenteix gradualment l'expansió còsmica, i que en algun moment del futur l'univers tornarà a contraure's fins a formar una nova singularitat espaciotemporal (equivalent a un nou ou còsmic), procés conegut com el big crunch.

Teories científiques alternatives contràries al mite de l'ou còsmic
Un intent rival de reconciliar un univers etern amb l'expansió còsmica és la teoria de l'estat estacionari desenvolupada per Fred Hoyle i d'altres. Segons Hoyle, mai no ocorregué cap esdeveniment com el big bang i l'expansió còsmica és eterna, creant-se contínuament nova matèria per a mantenir-hi una densitat constant. Totes dues teories s'oposen al més recent model d'univers sense límits proposat per Stephen Hawking, en què l'espaitemps sorgí d'una singularitat espaciotemporal del big bang. En aquest model, qualsevulla qüestió del que ocorregué "abans" del big bang manca de significat, ja que el temps fou creat en aquell instant. De fet, emperò, darrerament, Roger Penrose, en conjunt amb el seu amic Stephen Hawking, han posat en dubte si manca de significat parlar d'"abans" del big bang, afegint-hi així modificacions al model del big bang.

Referències

Cosmologia
Mites de la creació

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Visions and Pathways 2040 project, funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Low Carbon Living, is collaborative, multi-stakeholder project aiming to develop visions, scenarios and policy pathways for transitioning to low-carbon in Australian cities and increasing resilience to climate change impacts. It combines research with a range of creative engagement strategies.
This collaborative research project funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Low Carbon Living identifies opportunities across Melbourne where critical infrastructure services like energy, food, water and waste can be delivered in a way that is more distributed, local and networked. It will explore what would be required to make these changes happen and the impacts on carbon emissions and resilience to extreme weather.
This ARC funded project used scenario modelling to link land and resource use with the availability of a nutritionally adequate diet, and identify priority policy interventions to protect Australia's future food security in the face of environmental sustainability challenges. It was undertaken in collaboration with Deakin University and Australian National University, and uses the Australian Stocks and Flows Framework (ASFF), a model of the physical economy of Australia developed by the CSIRO.
This project investigated using culturally appropriate solar technologies to improve food security and nutrition in Humla, a remote impoverished mountain region in Nepal. It involved quantifying the shortfall in food available and then using a systematic approach to determine how greenhouses and solar dryers could be used in a complimentary manner to increase food production and preservation.


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Roe v. Wade overturned?
Thread starter Serryah
Club CC
Twin_Moose
Hall of Fame Member
Twin Moose Creek
Reactions: taxslave and petros
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The Central Scrutinizer
Low Earth Orbit
Fucking savages. What else would expect from murders?
Reactions: Twin_Moose
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B00Mer
Rent Free in Your Head
www.getafteritmedia.com
Reactions: Twin_Moose and petros
B00Mer said:
Does she need an abortion ?
Reactions: Twin_Moose, petros and B00Mer
pgs said:
Yeah she ain't getting any
ya beat me to it Moose
They are called "birthing persons" you bigot.
Reactions: Twin_Moose, petros, Jinentonix and 1 other person
Savages.
Ron in Regina
"Voice of the West" Party
Regina, Saskatchewan
Justin Trudeau may very well be the luckiest politician I've ever covered. At a time when his government is in disarray from problems with passports, airports, immigration, the military and when he himself is facing allegations of interfering in the police investigation into a massacre — along comes an issue to distract.
On Friday morning, the long-expected decision of the United States Supreme Court to overturn Roe v. Wade was released. In practical terms, the decision means nothing north of the border. We have different laws, a different political system. Our court system is very different, so nothing will change in Canada because of this decision.
It is, however, political gold for Trudeau.
LILLEY: Trudeau dodges questions about own conduct thanks to American decision in Roe — Toronto Sun
Justin Trudeau may very well be the luckiest politician I've ever covered. At a time when his government is in disarray from problems with passports, airports, immigration, the military and when he himself is facing allegations of interfering in the police investigation into a massacre — along...
apple.news
Nothing has changed except the opportunity for Trudeau to use an American story for his political gain. The rest at the above link…
He took no questions from reporters after he and Foreign Minister Melanie Joly spent six minutes denouncing the American court decision. He made no comments about the problems in Canada, like the lines and waits people are facing to get a passport to leave the country like he does with such regularity.
There was no ability for journalists to ask Trudeau to explain how he defines "undue influence" in a police investigation or why he thought the pages of handwritten notes turned over to the public inquiry investigating the Nova Scotia massacre didn't initially include the pages that showed Trudeau's office trying to interfere with the investigation.
The timing of the U.S. court announcement was perfect.
He loves using American news for his own benefit. After promising new gun control measures for years, his government hastily rushed out a plan after mass shootings in Buffalo, N.Y. and Uvalde, Texas.
His latest gun control measures won't make Canadian streets safer, but he did get to play off the hype and emotion of American news to push his agenda. Now, he's using the hype and emotion of a different American news story to dodge serious questions about interfering in a police investigation.
We know it's not the first time Trudeau and his government have felt comfortable inserting themselves into criminal matters they shouldn't be involved in. They did it before with SNC-Lavalin. While that was a corporate case with a nameless, faceless company, in this case he was using the massacre of 22 people to further his political goals.
It's not only wrong legally and ethically, it's disgusting and tasteless.
Trudeau's supporters will say this never happened, that he's denied it, but that's not the case. He didn't say he never pressured the RCMP to release information to help his goal of tabling new gun legislation. He said there was no "undue influence or pressure."
That means there was influence and pressure applied — he just thinks it was acceptable to do so.
Trudeau is hoping that by talking about the American court ruling on abortion, you'll forget about his problems and move on. We can't let that happen.
I know this thread is about an American court decision, but it's on a Canadian Forum & I look at it with a Canadian bias.
Tyrannical
Hahahaha why stop at Roe?
Reactions: petros
Twin_Moose said:
Which one would you boink when sober?
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OAKLAND — Two men killed in a West Oakland fire early Saturday have been identified as Oakland residents Davis Letona, 27, and Daniel "Moe" Thomas, 36, the Alameda County Coroner"s office confirmed.
The men"s individual live/work spaces at 669 24th Street went up in flames about 3 a.m. Saturday, officials said. The former armory was a hub for anarchists, musicians and creatives, including Letona, a digital videographer, and Thomas, a self-taught mixed media artist.
Fire crews responded to the building after a neighbor reported a smoke alarm faintly sounding, Oakland Fire Department Battalion Chief Geoff Hunter said. Crews searched the building and did not immediately find any evidence of a fire, but soon discovered smoke coming from one apartment about 12 minutes later.
Firefighters knocked down the door and found a fire raging through the space, with flames spreading quickly through the attic shared by multiple units, Hunter said. Though crews contained the fire by 4:10 a.m., they uncovered the two bodies during the subsequent search.
While the blaze remains under investigation and the extent of the structural damage has not yet been fully determined, Hunter said the fire appears to have started accidentally. About 30 residents were displaced by the fire and are receiving help from the American Red Cross.
According to their respective artist biographies, Thomas is a 2004 film graduate from San Francisco State, while Letona earned his degree in Multimedia Arts in 2011 from Berkeley City College. Both men came to the Bay Area as adults — Letona was born and raised in Los Angeles, while Thomas is originally from the Midwest.
Members of alternative-music nonprofit 924 Gilman are hosting a benefit May 9, at their Berkeley headquarters, and friends of Letona have set up a crowdfunding page to raise money for a memorial service. For more information on how to donate, visit www.gofundme.com/pjk2p0.


Next to open are a hotel and 178 residential units. More office, retail and housing is on tap for 2018.
rowing shells and dragon boats.
With a hotel, two parks and two multifamily projects in the works, 2017 is shaping up to be a busy year.
The swarm of trucks currently moving 350,000 cubic yards of earth makes it obvious that something major is underway at Tacoma's historic Point Defiance waterfront.


The RDRP RC8B3 Aluminium Chassis Brace Rear Mount is a direct replacement for the standard composite plastic part. The connector between the rear chassis brace and the rear gearbox is made from high-quality aluminium and it comes blue anodised and laser-etched for cool factory looks and improved durability. On top of this the brace will make for more equal flex characteristics, leading to an improved overall performance of your vehicle. The brace is compatible to all 3rd generation RC8 kits including the RC8B, RC8B3e, RC8T3 and RC8T3e.


Apart from raw uranium mining, the UK has an independent nuclear fuel cycle capability. The full range of the nuclear fuel cycle services - from fuel enrichment and manufacture through to spent fuel reprocessing, transport, waste management and decommissioning - are provided to the UK and international markets by British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL), which is wholly owned by the Government.
Fuel enrichment in the UK is carried out at Capenhurst near Chester by Urenco Capenhurst Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Urenco Ltd., the holding company for the Urenco Group. The Urenco Group is the joint Anglo-Dutch-German organization which operates uranium enrichment plants in all three countries using centrifuge technology.
Uranium refining and conversion are carried out at BNFL's Springfields site which processes several tonnes of uranium each year for UK and overseas customers. Springfields has the expertise to manufacture fuel for all major reactor designs world-wide and a new, integrated fuels complex was officially opened in July 1996.
Spent fuel from the UK's Magnox and AGRs and overseas light water reactors is reprocessed at BNFL's Sellafield site. The company's Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) began operations in March 1994 and has so far sheared and dissolved more than 2000 tonnes of spent fuel. It is expected that some 7,000 tonnes of spent nuclear fuel will be reprocessed in its first ten years of operation.
BNFL have constructed and are commissioning the Sellafield Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel plant which will manufacture MOX fuel for overseas customers using a blend of plutonium (recovered from the reprocessing of spent fuel) and uranium.
Most low level waste (LLW) is disposed of at either BNFL's Drigg surface disposal facility or at the disposal facilities at UKAEA's Dounreay site. Long-lived LLW and Intermediate level waste (ILW) is currently stored, mainly at the centres of production, and will be disposed of in a future facility to be proposed by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). High-level wastes are currently stored, either raw or in vitrified form, mainly by BNFL at its Sellafield site, for a minimum of 50 years to cool. No decisions on disposal have yet been taken and these will form part of a forthcoming Government review, but the Government is undertaking a research project to study this issue.
Nuclear sites are licensed by the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII), the regulator responsible for overseeing their safe operation. Disposals of radioactive wastes may only be made under authorizations granted by the Environment Agency (or in Scotland the Scottish Environment Protection Agency) but under operational agreements between them and the NII, the latter oversees waste operations on licensed sites.


Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty, the modern re-creation of the 1997 PSOne and PC classic, will be out on Sony PlayStation®4, Sony PlayStation®3, PlayStation®Vita, Windows PC, and XBLA. Along with 720p, the game improves on the original Oddworld by not seperating rooms with screen flips and having the camera show you what's coming up if you run. Also the "All of yah" command from later Oddworld titles will be used in the game along with the Quicksave function.
The game stars the Mudokon slave Abe who naively works for Rupture Farms meat plant. One night Abe peeps in on a board meeting where the evil CEO Molluck reveals plans to use the Mudokon slaves as ingredients for a new food product. Horrified, Abe sets out to free his Mudokon brothers from being turned into New n' Tasty Mudokon Pops.


text:
Four Million Acres Burned, And a Few Questions About Alaska's Future
It's only the middle of July, and the 2015 Alaska fire season is already the third largest since reliable records began in 1950 with over 4.75 million acres burned. That's more than double the size of Yellowstone National Park.
"It's going to be a bad fire day," said Dr. Scott Rupp, university director of the Interior Department's Alaska Climate Science Center and a fire ecologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, as he looked out the window at the thick layer of smoke blanketing the city of Fairbanks.
"It took 40 years to burn 25 million acres, and the next 25 million acres took less than 25 years to burn," said Rupp noting that large, high-intensity, stand-replacing fires are not out of the ordinary in Alaska. In fact, he said, in the boreal forest, which is mostly composed of black and white spruce, fire is the primary mechanism by which succession occurs. It's how the species rejuvenate themselves and with most of the state covered in spruce forests, large fire years are expected occasionally.
"However, what sets this fire season and the last two decades apart from the historical record is the growing number and frequency of large fire years we are having in Alaska" Rupp said.
Fire is a natural part of the boreal forest—an ecosystem dominated by black and white spruce. This species is designed to burn and has cones that release their seeds when under intense heat. Photo by S.T. Rupp, Alaska Climate Science Center
There isn't a direct relationship between climate change and fire, but researchers have found strong correlations between warm June temperatures and large fire years. Hot, dry spring conditions, however, do not automatically mean fire—something needs to create the spark and actually start the fire. Lightning starts about 35 percent of the fires in Alaska but account for 90 percent of the total area burned.
"Climate models tell us that average June temperatures will continue to increase through this century, but ignition is the wild card," explains Rupp. "What will happen in the future is a more complicated story because we don't understand what will happen with convective storms and the lightning."
Fire makes its mark on the landscape
Fairbanks has had seven days this summer when the 24-hour air quality measurements have fallen somewhere between "unhealthy" and "hazardous." When the consequences of nearby fires are so acute, it can be hard to think about the landscape-scale or planetary impacts—but these large fire years are significant to both.
The impacts of fire on the landscape can considerably alter wildlife habitat. For example, wildfire can destroy slow growing lichens in black spruce forests—a highly nutritious and important winter food source for caribou. In a 2014 study, researchers from the USGS Alaska Science Center and the University of Alaska Fairbanks found that future wildfires are likely to reduce the amount of winter habitat for caribou. "We project that the Porcupine caribou herd will lose 21 percent of winter habitat to fire by the end of this century, with the majority of this loss driven by increased flammability in spruce forests in the Yukon," said Dr. Dave Gustine, a research wildlife biologist with the USGS.
In fact, subsistence hunters who rely on caribou in fire-prone areas may have fewer available as climate change increases the number and sizes of fires in the boreal forests. The changes in caribou distribution can persist across multiple generations of hunters.
The boreal forest makes up a significant portion of the state of Alaska (middle tan). The maps compare historical fire scars simulated by the ALFRESCO model (left) compared to observed fire scars (right) for the 1950-2009 time period.
List of current fires.
Local fires – global impacts
Alaska fires are also important in the global system. Like having multiple bank accounts with different balances, specific, measurable amounts of carbon are held in landscape "accounts." Surface vegetation such as shrubs and trees makes up one account, the organic upper layer of the soil makes up another, and the mineral soil itself makes up yet another. When a fire burns over the landscape, some of the carbon is removed from each of these accounts and released to the atmosphere.
Unlike more temperate ecosystems, the boreal forest is unique because it has a very deep organic layer that covers the mineral soil. When a fire burns through the boreal forest, not only is carbon released from the surface vegetation, but it is also released from these deep organic layers. As a result, fires burning in Alaska have the potential to release more carbon into the atmosphere than fires occurring in more temperate regions.
"In a big fire year, like 2004 or what's happening now, about 0.2 percent of the carbon stored in Alaska is released," said Dr. Dave McGuire, a research scientist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and leader of the USGS Alaska Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. McGuire is one of the lead authors on a forthcoming USGS report on carbon sequestration in Alaska. "The carbon released from fire emissions during a large fire year in Alaska is roughly equivalent to 1 percent of the global fossil fuel and land use emissions."
The USGS report, Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of Alaska, slated for publication this fall, will provide historical context and long range estimates for carbon emissions by Alaska wildfires and for biological carbon sequestration in Alaskan ecosystems. This Alaska report on land carbon is part of a comprehensive national assessment.
At both the landscape scale and the global scale, an Alaska Climate Science Center project is leading the effort to understand how the boreal forest and tundra ecosystems will respond to changes in climate. In the boreal forest, changes in fire regimes, permafrost or permanently frozen ground, and vegetation do not act in isolation—these process are closely linked to each other and to the climate. Rather than modeling these processes individually, the Integrated Ecosystem Model (IEM) for Alaska and Northwest Canada aims to link models of these major processes to better understand landscape scale change and provide information that could be useful for future fire, land use, and wildlife management.
The IEM links three models that have been developed independently, including the Alaska Frame-Based Ecosystem Code (ALFRESCO), the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), and the Geophysical Institute Permafrost Lab model (GIPL). ALFRESCO simulates wildland fire, vegetation establishment, and succession. TEM simulates soil processes, such as organic and mineral characteristics, hydrology, vegetation, biomass, and soil carbon. GIPL simulates permafrost dynamics, such as active layer thickness (the depth of summer seasonal thaw in perennially frozen ground), changes in soil temperature, and changes in permafrost extent.
Caribou are a culturally and nutritionally important subsistence resource for many communities in Alaska. Landscape level changes can influence the future ranges of and access to the resource. Photo: Jay Elhard, Denali National Park
Several of the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives in Alaska were particularly interested in the data that could be produced by the Integrated Ecosystem Model. Modeling future fire probability and other landscape change provides valuable information to resource managers that can help them understand how landscape change will impact the benefits that humans receive from the land, called ecosystem services. While the project has required substantial computational resources and proved technically challenging at times, Rupp describes how the model will, "provide a better picture of the kind of variability managers might need to consider when thinking about and making decisions about the future."
Alaska Climate Science Center (university side)
Current fires in Alaska
Landscape effects of fire frequency and severity on boreal Alaskan landscapes
Alaska landscape ecology: vulnerabilities of coastal, boreal and tundra ecosystems to changing climate and wildfire regimes
Evaluating the impacts of wildland fires on caribou in Interior Alaska
Department of the Interior,
Office of Communications and Publishing
Kristin Timm
Alaska Climate Science Center & University of Alaska Fairbanks
Email: kmtimm@alaska.edu
USGS News: Everything We've Got:
Land Resources:
Featured Story:


text:
Ана Мато Адровер (;  , Мадрид) — іспанський політик, член Народної партії. Міністр охорони здоров'я, благодійництво та рівноправності в уряді Маріано Рахоя.

Біографія
Ана Мато Адровер вивчала політичні та соціальні науки в Університеті Комплутенсе в Мадриді. У 1987–1991 роках працювала радником голови уряду автономного співтовариства Кастилії-і-Леону Хосе Марії Аснара і його наступника Хесуса Посади Морнео. У 1991–1993 роках — депутат регіонального парламенту автономного співтовариства Мадрида. У 1993–2004 роках — депутат нижньої палати іспанського парламенту від виборчого округу Мадрид. У 2004–2008 роках — депутат Європейського парламенту. З 2008 року — депутат Конгресу депутатів від виборчого округу Мадрид. Займає посаду заступника генерального секретаря Народної партії з організаційних питань та питань проведення виборів. З 22 грудня 2011 Мато займає посаду міністра охорони здоров'я, благодійництва та рівноправності в кабінеті Рахоя.

Була одружена з колишнім мером міста Посуело-де-Аларкон Хесусом Сепульведою, замішаним в корупційному скандалі «Справа Гюртель». Має трьох дітей.

Примітки

Посилання
 Європарламент

Випускники Мадридського університету
Іспанські жінки-політики
Міністри Іспанії
Депутати Європарламенту від Іспанії
Члени Народної партії (Іспанія)
Жінки-політики XX століття
Жінки-політики XXI століття


AbtoVNC SDK is a set of versatile development kits adapted to build custom remote desktop software for iOS, Android, and Windows. These SDK are called to implement several important functional features to VNC software you build. Obviously, these key features are also considered to be business applications for the VNC products developed with our SDK.
AbtoVNC Viewer for iOS SDK has built in SSH tunneling feature that provides secure connection between server and viewer. That enables high level of VNC connection security and enables a usage of such remote desktop software with confidential data. This is great deal for corporate needs when the security of information is one of the most vital goals. Share your screen safely!
SSH tunneling feature could be included into AbtoVNC SDK for other OS by individual order.
We provide a vital remote desktop feature – VNC over NAT which enables to establish connection even with or from computer that hasn't separate external IP address. This is achieved by using Repeater and Listening Mode.
Screen sharing is the most basic feature of any remote desktop software so we took care to provide the most reliable and fast VNC connection enables to share screen of your PC with AbtoVNC Server for Windows. Easy, fast and strong remote desktop connection is perfect for business and comfortable for personal usage.
AbtoVNC SDK is a good tool to develop remote desktop access software and systems. There is a possibility to establish a stealthy connection to remote computer and perform hidden remote monitoring – this option is provided by individual request. Such facilities enable to build truly custom remote access solutions that give you a wide range of monitoring and remote administration features.
Use AbtoVNC SDK to develop remote support and help desk systems. Rich set of features and flexible interfaces allow to integrate VNC technology into remote assistance shells even into most sophisticated ones. In such complex cases we able to provide you with a dedicated development team to customize our SDK and make it fit your individual requirements.
You can use AbtoVNC SDK to build online meeting and online conference solutions as well. Desktop sharing facilities of that development kit let you create online meeting software of full value.


text:
Q: Replace Log In text to say Logged in with jquery I am fairly new to this and I need help making the link "login" to be replaced with logged in after clicking submit with javascript/jquery.
Here is what I have on my index page.  Currently I have a pop up login page and I need to stop the function after clicking the word submit and then replace login with logged in.
This is a simple demo site and only needs simple code.  Thank you!

        <input type="username" name="cm-name" id="name" placeholder="Username" />

        <input type="password" name="cm-password" id="password" placeholder="Password" />

      <input type="submit" value="login" id="submit" /> Forgot Username or Password?

    </form>

And I have a linked javascript page for the popup.
 (function(){

  $.fn.popbox = function(options){
var settings = $.extend({
  selector      : this.selector,
  open          : '.open',
  box           : '.box',
  arrow         : '.arrow',
  arrow_border  : '.arrow-border',
  close         : '.close'
}, options);

var methods = {
  open: function(event){
    event.preventDefault();

    var pop = $(this);
    var box = $(this).parent().find(settings['box']);

    box.find(settings['arrow']).css({'left': box.width()/2 - 10});
    box.find(settings['arrow_border']).css({'left': box.width()/2 - 10});

    if(box.css('display') == 'block'){
      methods.close();
    } else {
      box.css({'display': 'block', 'top': 10, 'left': ((pop.parent().width()/2) -box.width()/2 )});
    }
  },

  close: function(){
    $(settings['box']).fadeOut("fast");
  }
};

$(document).bind('keyup', function(event){
  if(event.keyCode == 27){
    methods.close();
  }
});

$(document).bind('click', function(event){
  if(!$(event.target).closest(settings['selector']).length){
    methods.close();
  }
});

return this.each(function(){
  $(this).css({'width': $(settings['box']).width()}); // Width needs to be set otherwise popbox will not move when window resized.
  $(settings['open'], this).bind('click', methods.open);
  $(settings['open'], this).parent().find(settings['close']).bind('click', function(event){
    event.preventDefault();
    methods.close();
  });
});
  }

 }).call(this);

EDIT:
I figured out what was wrong. Thank you guys!
jsfiddle

A: If you're using jQuery you can call the following once you've successfully logged in.
$('a#login.open').text('Logged In');

This is if you're trying to be super specific about the element you're searching for. If you are using chrome or anything other than IE you can try this out in the console debugger window to see that it works.

A: This is a pretty simple solution.  It replaces the login link with a span that contains the text you wanted.
http://jsfiddle.net/gVVcM/
jQuery:
$('button').on('click',function(){
    $('#login').replaceWith('Logged In');
});

HTML:
Log In
<button>Submit</button>

edit:  now that you posted the submit id.
$('#submit').on('click',function(){
    $('#login').replaceWith('Logged In');
});

edit2:  Prevent Default?.
$('#submit').on('click',function(e){
    e.preventDefault();
    $('#login').replaceWith('Logged In');
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kasteel Spreeuwenborg is een kasteel in de Antwerpse plaats Schilde, gelegen aan de Alfons Van den Sandelaan 12-14.

Geschiedenis
Waarschijnlijk was het Jacob de Vocht die begin 16e eeuw een buitenhuis oprichtte op een voormalig terrein van de Abdij van Affligem. In 1553 kwam het in bezit van de familie Melchior en vervolgens kende het een reeks eigenaren totdat het in 1937 werd verkocht aan de NV Casa en in 1959 aan de vennootschap Les Cygnes. Omstreeks 1950 werden de gebouwen vergroot en ook werd toen de tuin aangelegd.

Gebouw
Het gebouw, in neoclassicistische stijl, dateert van omstreeks 1950 en heeft vermoedelijk een oudere kern. De zuidelijk voorgevel kijkt uit op een vijver. Deze ligt in een park dat omstreeks 1950 werd aangelegd door Guillaume de Bosschere.

Spreeuwenborg
Onroerend erfgoed in Schilde
Beschermd dorpsgezicht in Vlaanderen


After integrating with our platofrm, we establish an encrypted connection with our cloud infrastructure and request your content in real-time.
Our proprietary AI analytics engine filters out any private and/or sensitive information your content may contain. The technology then contextually understands your content, characterizes it, and develops very percise targeting terms from it.
Have your content's targeting terms auctioned across multiple networks and exchanges. Advertisers are hungry to bid on percise targeting and real-time placements.
Accept multiple offers from advertisers at the same time. Our multi-objective optimization technology will only pick the offering that best fits your business needs.
Our proprietary ad selection algorithms determine how relevant each returned item is compared to the AI Analytics Engine's contextual understanding of the content. We combine Machine Learning, Data Analytics and content specific heuristics for advanced ad selection.
Items returned from thrid-parties are scanned for malicious code or spyware and removed. We canonicalize the returned items contents and transform them for execution in an isolated secure environment (sandbox).
A native SDK for iOS written in both Objective-C and Swift.
A native SDK for all Android OS's written in Java.
For CMS platforms like Wordpress and popular forums.
adNomus encrypts communication between users, publishers, and its infrastructure while ensuring that any sensitive user or content information protected.
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adNomus's technology enables ads to be served into all types and sizes of content, however, only ads that display a high relevancy between them and the content will be served.


text:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedLists #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}

-- | Generate a compile-time graph of all message sends in a K3 program.
module Language.K3.Analysis.SendGraph where

import Control.Arrow
import System.IO
import Text.Printf

import Language.K3.Core.Common

import Language.K3.Core.Annotation
import Language.K3.Core.Declaration
import Language.K3.Core.Expression

import Control.Monad.State.Strict

import qualified Data.Map as M

type SendGraphS = M.Map Identifier [Identifier]

type SendGraphM = State SendGraphS

getSendMap :: SendGraphM a -> SendGraphS -> SendGraphS
getSendMap = execState

generateSendGraph :: K3 Declaration -> IO ()
generateSendGraph d = do
  let sendMap = getSendMap (declSendGraph d) []
  outFile <- openFile "graph.dot" WriteMode
  hPrintf outFile "digraph {\n"
  void $ M.traverseWithKey (\k -> mapM_ (\i -> hPrintf outFile "  \"%s\" -> \"%s\";\n" k i)) sendMap
  hPrintf outFile "}\n"
  hClose outFile

accumulateSendGraph :: K3 Declaration -> SendGraphM ()
accumulateSendGraph d = declSendGraph d

declSendGraph :: K3 Declaration -> SendGraphM ()
declSendGraph (tag -> DTrigger i _ e) = do
  sendTargets <- exprSendGraph e
  modify $ \s -> M.insertWith (++) i sendTargets s
declSendGraph (tag &&& children -> (DRole _, ds)) = mapM_ declSendGraph ds
declSendGraph _ = return ()

exprSendGraph :: K3 Expression -> SendGraphM [Identifier]
exprSendGraph e = case e of
  (tag &&& children -> (EOperate OSnd, [tag &&& children -> (ETuple, [tag -> EVariable i, _]), _])) -> return [i]
  _ -> concat <$> mapM exprSendGraph (children e)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


WishList Member is a popular membership solution that lets you turn your WordPress site into a members's only site.
Vanilla has recently created a WishList Members extension so that you can partially or completely restrict access to your Vanilla Forum.
The integration works by synchronizing the membership levels in WishList to the roles and permissions in Vanilla. Vanilla's Roles and Permissions let you restrict a member's functionality and content. For example, you can restrict access to specified categories or you can restrict members from being able to do things like post.
1.2 - Enable the jsConnect Plugin in Vanilla (In the Dashboard under Add-ons) and configure it using the information generated by the Vanilla WordPress plugin.
1.3 - Set the your forum's registration to 'Connect' so that no one can register other than through your own registration system.
2 - The next step is to download the Vanilla Forums WishList Member Extension and copy it to the 'extensions' folder contained inside your 'wishlist-member' folder (contained within your WordPress plugins folder).
3 - In Vanilla under Roles and Permissions, create roles that correspond to the membership levels in WishList. For example if you have a membership level called GOLD, create a role in Vanilla called GOLD.
Each time a member accesses your forum using this integration, the members's role will be synchronized and so if that member's level has changed, the roles and permissions in Vanilla will be immediately updated.


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US agriculture giant Monsanto has agreed to a US$66 billion takeover by German chemical and pharmaceutical company Bayer. If the deal is approved by international regulators, Bayer-Monsanto will become the world's biggest agribusiness, controlling 29 percent of the global seed market and 24 percent of pesticides.
The companies have dismissed widespread concern about the deal among farmers and environmentalists as fear mongering. Separately, they claim, their products have contributed to a significant boost in crop yields over the past few decades. Together, they'll be able to increase investment in research and development, driving the agricultural innovation necessary to meet the demands of a growing world population.
We can only imagine what kind of new health and environmental threats may lurk in the "step change" a company like Bayer-Monsanto will make in an effort to restore profits.
In assessing the claims and counterclaims, we would do well to heed the words of radical US historian Howard Zinn: "If you don't know history, it is as if you were born yesterday. And if you were born yesterday, anybody up there in a position of power can you tell you anything, and you have no way of checking up on it".
Monsanto is one of the world's worst corporate criminals.
Founded in 1901 in St Louis, Missouri, as a producer of artificial sweetener for Coca-Cola, Monsanto had its first big break in the 1930s, when it established itself as the sole US manufacturer of polychlorinated biphenyls, otherwise known as PCBs.
Monsanto's profits soared. Evidence quickly mounted, however, that the chemicals were highly toxic and carcinogenic. As early as 1955, an internal document acknowledged, "We know Aroclors [PCBs] are toxic but the actual limit has not been precisely defined". Nevertheless, the company continued producing PCBs until they were finally banned by the US government in 1979.
During World War II, Monsanto partnered with the US government on the Manhattan Project to produce the world's first nuclear weapon, turning over one of their labs to the manufacture of polonium – a highly radioactive substance composing part of the ignition mechanism for the bomb.
In the 1960s, Monsanto was one of the main producers of Agent Orange – the chemical used by the US military to defoliate vast swathes of jungle during the Vietnam War. It contained a highly toxic dioxin by-product, exposure to which is associated with reproductive and developmental problems, immune system damage, interference with hormones and cancer. Millions of Vietnamese people, and many US and allied country veterans, including Australians, continue to suffer the consequences to this day.
When it wasn't busy with chemical warfare overseas, Monsanto was waging it at home. From the 1940s, it joined a number of other companies in producing vast quantities of the powerful insecticide DDT, the environmental and health effects of which – powerfully documented in Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring – led to it being banned in 1972.
In more recent times, Monsanto's negative press has come mainly from its status as producer of the widely used herbicide Roundup. Roundup was first sold by Monsanto in 1974. However, until the mid-1990s its use was limited due to the fact that it killed many crops as well as weeds. This all changed after 1996, when Monsanto introduced its genetically modified "Roundup Ready" soybeans, followed by corn in 1998. Now farmers' fields could be sprayed with herbicide without damaging the crop.
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, is now history's most widely used agricultural chemical. In 1987, around 5 million kilograms of it were used on US farms. Today, that figure is 136 million. A 2015 study in the journal Environmental Sciences Europe calculated that, globally, 8.5 billion kilograms of it have been sprayed onto fields. Monsanto's revenue from Roundup and associated products was nearly US$5 billion in 2015.
This is bad news for human health and the environment. As with PCBs, DDT and Agent Orange before it, it seems glyphosate may be another Monsanto contribution to the "cancer industry". In March 2015, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer declared glyphosate a probable human carcinogen, and the company is currently defending itself against numerous lawsuits from farmers with cancer.
Given the widespread, and increasing, use of Roundup in Australia and around the world, this may be just the start.
Bayer may not boast quite the array of crimes of its US counterpart, but the sheer depravity of those it has committed is unmatched.
The company was founded in Barmen, Germany, in 1863. From its original line of business – making dyes from coal – it expanded into a chemical and pharmaceutical giant. In 1897, Bayer developed aspirin, which became the world's first mass-market drug.
Two weeks later, it stumbled across a new "wonder drug" – a stronger version of opium which it named "heroin". For the next 15 years, heroin was freely marketed and sold around the world as "a sedative for coughs". Ironically, it was also often prescribed by doctors to patients struggling with morphine addiction.
During the severe economic crisis that followed World War I, Bayer merged with a number of other chemical and pharmaceutical companies to form the giant conglomerate IG Farben. In the early 1930s, IG Farben was among the biggest corporate donors to the Nazis – helping them consolidate power.
During World War II, the company was rewarded for its support with contracts for the supply of synthetic rubber, fuel and explosives to the Nazis and other Axis powers. One of its main centres of wartime production was Auschwitz. There and elsewhere, it made ample use of the slave labour of prisoners in the Nazi death camps.However, this wasn't the darkest chapter in its alliance with Nazism. Not only was it profiting from the forced labour of Jewish and other prisoners in the camps. It was also profiting from their murder. IG Farben owned a 42 percent stake in another company, Degesch, which manufactured Zyklon B – one of the main chemicals used in the Nazi gas chambers.
After the war, the IG Farben conglomerate was broken up, and Bayer emerged again as an independent entity. Was it sorry for the direct role it played in the holocaust? Evidently not.
In 1956, Bayer appointed Fritz ter Meer as its new company chair, a role he continued in until his retirement in 1961. During the war, as a member of the IG Farben board, ter Meer played a leading role in the planning and construction of the forced labour camps at Auschwitz. On the stand at the Nuremburg IG Farben trial in 1948, he claimed that no specific harm was inflicted on workers in the camps as "without this they would have been killed anyway".
In a particularly grotesque touch, following ter Meer's death in 1967, Bayer established the Fritz ter Meer Foundation (later renamed as the Bayer Science & Education Foundation), to provide scholarships to German chemistry students.
Neither did Bayer hesitate at the prospect of getting involved again in the chemical warfare industry. In the early 1950s,it established the US-based Mobay Chemical Corporation, a joint venture with – you guessed it – Monsanto, that went on to supply one of the key, dioxin-contaminated, ingredients of Agent Orange.
Finally, in the 1980s, it was one of a number of companies selling plasma-based haemophilia treatments that infected thousands of people with HIV.
Should we trust Bayer-Monsanto with the future of global agricultural production? On balance, probably not.
The Bayer-Monsanto deal is just one among three proposed mergers among the "Big 6" global seed and pesticide giants, which also include BASF, DuPont, Dow Chemical and Syngenta. Dow Chemical and DuPont announced a US$130 billion merger in December, and earlier this year Syngenta agreed to a US$43 billion sale to China National Chemical Corporation.
In 1994, the four biggest global seed companies controlled 21 percent of the market. If all the proposed mergers currently on the table are approved, just three giant companies – Bayer-Monsanto, ChemChina-Syngenta and Dow DuPont – will control 59 percent of the global seed market and 64 percent of pesticides.
In Capital, Karl Marx wrote about this process of concentration and centralisation. In the short term, it can spur technological development and productivity gains. In the long term, however, it's part of the capitalist system's inherent tendency to crisis.
The agricultural industry shows the contradiction. The current rash of mergers isn't a sign of health. Rather, like the heady rush to agglomeration in the banking and financial sector in the run-up to the 2008-09 global financial crisis, it's a sign of an industry stumbling towards its destructive limits.
Past innovation has helped boost yields to the point where the world is now experiencing a glut of many products. Prices have declined, and farmers are struggling to stay afloat.
The total income of US farmers has dropped from US$123.8 billion in 2013 to just $71.5 billion in 2016. This, in turn, has put the squeeze on the profits of companies like Monsanto, as farmers simply can't afford to pay the high prices demanded for their products.
At the same time, it's clear that a new wave of innovation is necessary for yields to continue to grow in the decades ahead. The possibly devastating long term health and environmental impacts of Monsanto's Roundup weed killer aren't its only problem. It also, increasingly, doesn't work. Weeds are developing resistance, and new products will be necessary to address this.
There is a kernel of truth in the Bayer-Monsanto PR spin: to sustain its business model, it needs to innovate. Innovation, however, is expensive. According to Monsanto's chief technology officer, Robert Fraley, "Fifteen years ago, we spent $300 million on R&D. Today we spend $1.5 billion … To realise a step-change, agricultural companies will need to invest more".
We can only imagine what kind of new health and environmental threats may lurk in the "step change" a company like Bayer-Monsanto will make in an effort to restore profits. Given the history, we can, unfortunately, expect that it will come at a high cost to human society and the environment on which we depend.
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