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About Space Future
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There are currently 222 documents in the archive.
Bibliography List
Here are some key documents from the archive to get you started:
What the Growth of a Space Tourism Industry Could Contribute to Employment, Economic Growth, Environmental Protection, Education, Culture and World Peace
Space Tourism Market Demand and the Transportation Infrastructure
General Public Space Travel and Tourism
Artificial Gravity and the Architecture of Orbital Habitats
Prospects of Space Tourism
Directory of Contents
Space Future Journal
Added "Space Debris and Its Mitigation " to the archive.
Space Future has been on something of a hiatus of late. With the concept of Space Tourism steadily increasing in acceptance, and the advances of commercial space, much of our purpose could be said to be achieved. But this industry is still nascent, and there's much to do. So...watch this space.
Updated "What the Growth of a Space Tourism Industry Could Contribute to Employment, Economic Growth, Environmental Protection, Education, Culture and World Peace " to the 2009 revision.
"What the Growth of a Space Tourism Industry Could Contribute to Employment, Economic Growth, Environmental Protection, Education, Culture and World Peace " is now the top entry on Space Future's Key Documents list.
Added Lynx to the Vehicle Designs page.
SFJ Top Stories
How Much Do You Know About Space
Space Future Editor Wins NewSpace Journalism Award
China's First Manned Docking of Space Module Is a Success
Five Horrifying Facts
NASA Will Pay You to Eat Astronaut Food
Attention Teachers: If You Don't Apply to This Workshop
Space Is Dirty
The Film That NASA Banned
SRI holds Inaugural Conference
Zubrin's Proposal to Fund "Pathway to the Stars"
T Rogers, 24 May 2000, "Space Tourism - Its Importance, Its History, and a Recent Extraordinary Development", . A talk given on 24 May 2000, at the banquet of the 13th International Academy of Astronautics (IAA ) "Humans In Space" Symposium, co-sponsored by the Greek Aerospace Medical Association and Space Research, held in Santorini, Greece..
Also downloadable from http://www.spacefuture.com/archive/space tourism its importance its history and a recent extraordinary development.shtml
References and Referring Papers Printable Version
Bibliographic Index
A talk given on 24 May 2000, at the banquet of the 13th International Academy of Astronautics (IAA ) "Humans In Space" Symposium, co-sponsored by the Greek Aerospace Medical Association and Space Research, held in Santorini, Greece.
Space Tourism - Its Importance, Its History, and a Recent Extraordinary Development
The Sophron Foundation and The Space Transportation Association
T F Rogers
(As given, the talk was somewhat shorter than the paper written prior to the Symposium to form the talk's basis, and a few minor changes were made, both to accommodate to the banquet's circumstances.)
In his Monday presentation, author and television program leader Patrick Moore referred to the early Greeks and their influence upon the development of astronomy.
And on today's astronaut-cosmonaut panel, astronaut Joe Allen also mentioned the early Greeks.
In similar fashion, let me commence by reading a few sentences from the 1999 edition of "A World History", by William H. McNeill (Oxford University Press; pages 137-8.)
"The Classical Age"
"...for a period of almost fifty years, from the time of Xerxes' great disaster in 480-79 B.C. until the outbreak of the Peloponnesian war in 431 B.C., ... the Greek world ... experienced a golden age which was concentrated in time and space and more perfect in expression than any comparable period of human history."
"After their surprising success against the imperial majesty of Persia, the Greeks came to feel extraordinary confidence in themselves and in their way of life ... and [became] eager to explore the world within and about them."
"[They] found themselves able to combine thought and action in such a way that each supported and urged the other onward."
"[They] were proud of their past, committed to the present, and eager to explore anything new in their future."
Today's space-interested Greek professionals must take pride in their heritage. And they should see that the world's polis' are enabled to derive great benefit from the conduct of future space activities.
Dr. Chrysoula Papadeli, Judge Lazaros Papadelis, Dr. Joan Vernikos, and Mr. Andonis Kyparos (my Santorini hero) and all of their colleagues who share in this heritage, and who have made this week's Symposium a truly fine one for its participants, are certainly to be complimented. And they must know that they have our heartfelt admiration and thanks.
Among many others, two things mentioned during the Symposium come to my mind that prompt me to make brief comments: a., non-Earthly beings; and b., Mars.
I trust that we are all agreed upon one fundamental aspect of "space tourism", i.e., that it is concerned only with people who live on Earth who will take trips to/from space -- not beings from elsewhere in the universe who might take trips to visit the Earth!
In this regard let me read to you a one sentence letter-to-the-editor that I read on my flight to Athens; it appears in the present issue of the National Geographic Magazine: " The best evidence [that we have] of intelligent life out there [in the universe] is that none of them have contacted us."
As one of my granddaughters might have said: "You've got that right, Jack!"
In the early 1970s I was a member of the NASA Space Program Advisory Committee, the SPAC (now the NASA Advisory Committee, the NAC).
We held one meeting just after the Viking probe had landed on Mars. Some of the first photographs that it had taken were rushed to our meeting. I shall never forget seeing some of the probe's legs thrust out onto the Martian surface, the redness of that surface, the rocks strewn about thereon, the blackness of the sky, ....
At the SPAC's next meeting, several month's later, Dr. John Naugle, the then NASA Chief Scientist, reported to us, glumly, that the scientific instruments on the probe had not detected any signs of life. And we were all disappointed and reflective.
Later, I stepped aside with John and observed to him that perhaps we were looking for signs of life in too restricted a fashion. I said that I had a very modest background in archaeology, and I wondered if, perhaps, Martian life could have developed to a much more advanced level than that of the microbes that the probe was searching for. For, it seemed to me that some of the rocks might have been shaped into "hand axes" by Martian beings, similar to those fashioned by our pre-historic Stone Age ancestors and found by archaeologists in Africa. (I had found some there, in Egypt.)
John was taken aback at the enormous implications of my observation. And he soon expressed himself as taking a very dim view of it. Very!
But, a few weeks later I received a telephone call from the head of a University archaeology department who inquired about my suggestion to John, for the caller had been asked by NASA to give it professional consideration.
As I arrived at the next SPAC meeting a few months later, John and I saw each other from across the meeting room, and he immediately called out to me: "ROCKS , Rogers!", "ROCKS! JUST ROCKS!"
So much for my contribution to our search for life on Mars.
THE GREAT POTENTIAL IMPORTANCE OF "SPACE TOURISM"
There are four fundamental reasons why it is important that "space tourism" become a large and dynamic space activity:
As An End In Itself
It has the potential to become a large and continually growing space business area -- one greater in size than the space-related information areas of communications, navigation, position-fixing, remote sensing, ... .
As A Means To Achieving Other Space Ends
Serving such a large market would see space vehicle production and operating unit costs, i.e., dollars per pound or per person, and in-space human habitation unit costs, driven down by orders of magnitude
The Federal taxes that would be generated by a new business with a multi-$10 billion per year revenue stream would be appreciated as financing a large part of our civil space program.
And having large numbers of our people personally and directly involved in space would result in greater constituent support for our Federal civil space program, and would give rise to new ideas about what to do in space and how to go about doing them.
As A Facilitator Of Other Space Activities
Achieving the technological and operational advances required to serve this large new market effectively and efficiently would ease and prompt the inauguration of such large new activities/programs as space solar power, space sports, increased in-space research (especially in the human aging-related life sciences) and human solar system exploration and settlement.
As A Clear Expression Of Our Society's Character
The United States of America and other democratic countries are composed of egalitarian societies. Therefore, whatever else we do in space -- whatever else we do! -- we should see the Earth's space begin to be opened up to all of our general publics.
That is, we must enlarge our civil space program's today's emphasis upon "bringing space to the people" by emphasizing, as well: "bringing our people to space".
A BRIEF, PERSONALLY OBSERVED, HISTORY OF "SPACE TOURISM"
Of course, in the nature of things, others will see matters differently, and would refer to other studies and activities. But my time is limited, and so I have chosen the ones that I have been involved in personally and/or that have left the greatest impression on me.
In his talk on Sunday, astronaut Joe Allen noted that, in 1965, he visited Santorini. At that time I was in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, overseeing the creation of the world's first global satellite communications system -- a system needed to improve our ability to command and control our strategic military forces.
During a discussion thereof, and about the then Mercury-Gemini-Apollo space era generally, with Herman Kahn of the Rand Corporation, one of our leading nuclear war strategic thinkers, we found ourselves agreeing upon two things:
We would not live to see the end of the cold war; but
When it did end, the military and civil space technologies then being developed would be used, among other things, to allow our general public to begin to follow astronauts and cosmonauts into space.
As to 1., WRONG!, and
As to 2., WRONG! also.
This is the first time that I heard and used the expression "space tourism".
While, over the next several years I spoke about it with others privately, I found myself involved in other matters and did nothing about it.
During this time I directed the Space Station study for the U.S. Congress at its Office of Technology Assessment (OTA).
Upon reading a near final draft of the study's report, some Senators raised the question: "What if we do not move to acquire a Space Station -- what else could our Country do in space?"
In response, a new section was added to the report that spoke to such possibilities. Among the other things suggested were that (a) using the absence of the local force of gravity in low-Earth-orbit ( LEO ), we could mount a large life sciences research program to investigate the diseases and disabilities of older people, and that (b) we could see general public "space tourism" services become available.
As to the latter, the final report noted that:
"Only when a large number of our citizens, representative of a broad cross- section of our society, begin to experience the "space adventure" directly, will the space domain and space activities gradually begin to move into the mainstream of our [non national security] interests and concern." [1]
The Shuttle Challenger disaster took place, with the deaths of six astronauts and schoolteacher passenger, Christa McAuliffe. This grim tragedy grounded our Shuttle fleet and our astronaut corps for over two and a half years. And it introduced a strong note of caution into human spaceflight activities that, understandably, persists today even though the safety of Shuttle operations has been greatly improved.
I began to speak out about the "space tourism" concept. But, for several reasons,including the continuing pall of the Shuttle disaster, I found it impossible to convince people in either NASA or our aerospace industry that they should pursue its realization. Indeed, I found it impossible to have "space tourism" articles published and nearly impossible to speak formally and publicly on the subject.
I made the acquaintance of David Ashford of Bristol, England, a former British Aerospace Co. space engineer, and his colleague, Dr. Patrick Collins , a professor of economics at Imperial College in the University of London, both of whom also had a keen interest in seeing "space tourism" become a reality.
We agreed that they could take the initiative in writing professional papers on the subject for European publication. They did so, and even had a book on the subject published. [2]
T. C. Schwartz, the head of Society Expeditions , a tourism company in Seattle,Washington in the U.S.A. that specialized in offering trips throughout the world, oftentimes to unusual and/or remote locations, worked to form a "space tourism"business, but found the effort to be premature.
1990 (approx.)
Patrick Collins set out to Japan on a sabbatical to work with Professor Nagatomo on the study of Space Solar Power. When there he spoke of "space tourism", and many Japanese professionals soon became interested in its prospects also.
The Space Transportation Association (STA ) was formed.
Reflecting upon the Department of Defense's encouraging experience with the DC-X test vehicle, STA prompted NASA to consider the development of fully reusable, surface- LEO , space transportation vehicles in order to obtain the much greater safety, reliability and turn-around times, and the much lower unit cost, required for inaugurating many space activities, including "space tourism".
The Japanese Rocket Society published an issue of its Journal especially devoted to"space tourism". [3]
The Japanese Rocket Society published a second "space tourism" issue. [4]
These two volumes laid a solid professional basis for further government, professional and business consideration of "space tourism".
I wrote a paper that summarized the Japanese professional "space tourism" studies, and circulated it among senior space-interested offices in the U.S.A Federal government and aerospace industry. [5]
"Space tourism" was studied as one subject in a NASA encouraged U.S.A. aerospace company market estimation study. [6]
NASA and two aerospace companies commit themselves to engage in two cost-sharing programs to design, fabricate and demonstrate fully reusable surface- LEO technologies and vehicles -- the X-33 program with Lockheed-Martin , and the X-34 program with Orbital Sciences.
A formal agreement is reached by NASA and STA to make a broad, cooperative, cost-shared study of "space tourism"-- one to involve a several day "workshop" involving aerospace, life science, tourism, aviation and financial interests.
The first report of the cooperative NASA -STA "space tourism" study is published. [7]
The second report of the cooperative NASA -STA "space tourism" study is published. [8]
Two papers are published that study the long-term "space tourism" business prospects based upon all of the information available. [9] [10]
During the cooperative study an important discovery was made. (All discoveries, when made, are seemingly seen to be obvious.) It was learned that there already is a large and continuing "space tourism" market -- it is all terrestrial: some 12 million people per year visit our Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., the Kennedy Space Centerin Florida, the Johnson Space Center in Texas, and various space camps and conventions. And 2 million visit Space World in Japan.
Also during the study, an independent market study of the size and character of the U.S.A. "space tourism", made by independent professional travel and market study professionals not connected with the space world, was made available to the study. It was found that over 40 million people from the U.S.A. alone would like to take a trip on the Shuttle, and some 55 million would like to take a cruise ship-like space trip. And, in total, they would be willing to pay some $ 900 billion to do so, i.e., some $ 40 billion per year.
Recent market studies have also been conducted at the German Aerospace Center, as was reported here by Dr. Michael Reichert on Monday.
WHERE IS "SPACE TOURISM" NOW?
The Space Transportation Association has formed a Space Travel and Tourism Division .
The first international "space tourism" meeting has been held in Bremen, Germany, in 1997.
A continuing series of such meetings will be conducted by the STA Space Travel and Tourism Division . The first was held in 1999. The second will be held in Washington,D. C., on June 26, 2000, under the direction of the Head of the Division, Robert L. Haltermann. Please see the Internet site www.spacetourism.org.
The X-33 and X-34 programs are proceeding; but the former is experiencing serious technology development problems.
More than a half dozen small entrepreneurial companies are working on obtaining private sector financing for the development of fully reusable space transportation vehicles.
U.S.A. and Russian companies are offering the opportunity to people to fly in a high performance aircraft well up into the Earth's atmosphere where, with appropriate maneuvering, they can experience zero-g.
The U.S.A. "X-Prize Foundation" would not be surprised to see the first test trips of a new space transportation vehicle, designed to carry two people to the edge of space, take place within 2-3 years.
The President, in his FY2001 budget submission to the Congress for NASA , requested a $ multi-billion program designed to explore fully reusable space transportation vehicle technology beyond the X-33 and X-34 programs over the next five years, with the objective of reducing the related private sector financing risk in acquiring operational vehicles.
A U.S.A. company has been formed to design, fabricate, install and operate hotels in LEO .
Another U.S.A. company has joined with a Russian and a German company in announcing that they intend to design, fabricate and install a 4,000 cubic foot habitable volume on the International Space Station ( ISS ). It will be installed on the Russian section of the ISS , and will be tended by a cosmonaut.
Another U.S.A. company, with a Russian company, has started an effort to keep the Russian Mir space station in orbit, and to modify it so that it can be used as a hotel and research laboratory.
A SPACE-RELATED POLITICAL STORY
Now, let me tell you a story that serves to introduce my final observations.
In the late 1960s I became the first director of Research and Technology in the Office of the Secretary of the then just created Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The Secretary, Robert C. Weaver, was a professional public housing and urban leader from New York City -- a politically experienced and sensitive leader.
Bob Weaver and I could hardly have been any more different in our professional backgrounds. But we came to have a good working relationship, and became professional colleagues.
We continued our friendship after he left HUD and returned to New York. We consulted with each other on housing-related matters both before and after my wife and I had formed our family foundation, the Sophron Foundation .
In a conversation that we held a few years ago, when we were finished with the matter on hand he asked me what I was doing with the most of my time. By then I was deeply involved with the NASA -STA cooperative "space tourism" study and I told him "space matters". He asked why I was doing that, inasmuch as I knew so much about housing and urban matters and could be usefully engaged therein. I said that I was pursuing a specific goal that I judged to be of great importance to our Country -- opening up space to the general public.
He was interested in learning about that aspect of the space area and we talked about it for awhile. In time he asked how many Americans wanted to take a space trip. I answered "roughly, 50 million". He was impressed, and then asked "What is NASA doing about it?" I answered "except for one small study, essentially nothing."
There was a long silence, and he then asked, essentially "Are you saying to me that there is a Federal agency that has the opportunity to increase its constituency by up to 50 million people and it isn't doing anything about it?" I said that was so. Soon thereafter, we rang off.
Very early the next morning my telephone rang. It was Bob Weaver again. He said, essentially, "I couldn't sleep last night. I'm incredulous. Tell me again -- there's a Federal agency that has the opportunity to help see 50 million Americans obtain a service that they want and are willing to pay for -- and yet it is doing nothing to help develop such a service and, by so doing, build itself a large new constituency?"
I repeated, that was essentially the case. He said "Unbelievable! Well, I can understand your working on it -- let the housing go."
In speaking as a member of today's astronaut-cosmonaut panel, astronaut Bob Thirsk noted, by implication, the difference between a member of the public that is truly interested in space, as well as other things, and another that is not only interested but will explicitly support and, indeed, fight for a specific political position or program. The latter is a constituent.
While general public interest remains large, during the 1990s, the civil space program has seen a gradual decrease in its general public constituent support. Many do support the program, of course, including many who are financially supported, directly and/or indirectly, by it's $ 14 billion per year appropriations. But, by failing to appreciate the clear and important difference between "general interest" and "constituency", and taking specific steps to secure and enlarge the latter, the civil space program's purchasing power has decreased throughout most of the past decade, in total by some 25%.
AN EXTRAORDINARY "SPACE TOURISM" DEVELOPMENT
During the last year or so, a growing number of senior space-related professionals, myself among them, began to reflect, seriously, upon whether or not NASA , by itself, can persuade itself, the Executive Office of the President, the Congress, our aerospace industry, our space-interested university community and our space-interested private sector generally to make the fundamental changes necessary to see our Country's interests continue to be well served in the human spaceflight area.
That is, well served in a world now markedly different from that of the previous four decades which saw the creation of this area of national activity -- different in basic economic, social and political terms, both nationally and internationally.
These reflections gradually led to serious, albeit informal, discussions which have focussed upon the Washington, D.C. area. They began to consider whether the broader interests and capabilities of the Federal government, generally, could be brought to bear upon modernizing the outlook and activities in the human spaceflight area so as, for instance, to see the potential for "space tourism" realized.
Less than two months ago a public statement was made by a senior Federal official in this regard -- a statement that has gone almost entirely unnoticed by the space world.
Here are some excerpts from this statement [underlining added here]:
"...we are rapidly moving into an era in which people other than astronauts and cosmonauts will routinely fly into space for recreational or leisure time activities. There are numerous programs underway, by both government and the private sector, to develop reusable launch vehicles that will fly over populated areas carrying commercial passengers as well as crew.
"As evidence of their commitment to commercial space, the President and Vice President are proposing to more than double funding for [a] commercial space transportation office."
The statement was made by Rodney E. Slater. It was made in Colorado Springs, Colorado, at the annual meeting of the Space Foundation there, on April 4, 2000. The office referred to is located within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA ) which is an agency of the Federal Department of Transportation.
Slater is the U.S.A. government's Secretary of Transportation, the person who speaks for the Executive Branch regarding Federal policy with respect to all transportation areas: highways, shipping, railroads, aviation and commercial space. He is one of fourteen Department Secretaries who report directly to the President -- not through the President's Science Advisor -- and oversees an annual budget of $55 billion, four times that of NASA .
To my knowledge, this is the first time that any senior Federal official, one who is in the President's Cabinet, has spoken publicly about "space tourism."
And done so in such forceful and positive terms -- a qualitative change in Federal government perspective on "space tourism".
In my judgement, twenty years from now this public declaration could be seen to have been as important a departure from our space past as was the decision to acquire a permanent Space Station in LEO . For "space tourism" is finally beginning to receive high and formal attention by the Federal government.
After a third of a century of growing professional consideration, again in my judgement, we may well have reached the end of the beginning, and are now poised to create a large, new, space activity involving the subject of this Symposium: "Humans In Space" -- an activity with simply enormous space-related promise.
I appreciate being given the opportunity to speak with you this evening. Thank you.
Office of Technology Assessment , November 1984, " Civilian Space Stations And The U.S. Future In Space ", Congress of the United States, Washington D.C., OTA-STI-241, page 118.
David Ashford and Patrick Collins , 1990, "Your Spaceflight Manual: How you could be a tourist in space within twenty years ", Simon and Schuster, Australia.
Spring 1993, " Special Issue on Space Tourism ", The Journal of Space Science and Technology -- a publication of the Japanese Rocket Society ; vol. 9 no. 1; It contains eight papers devoted to "space tourism" in English.
May 1994, "Commercial Space Transportation Study -- CSTS ", Boeing , General Dynamics, Lockheed , Martin Marietta , McDonnell Douglas and Rockwell - Final Report; see, especially, page 205 et. seq.
Autumn 1994, " Special Issue on Space Tourism Part Two"; The Journal of Space Technology and Science -- a publication of the Japanese Rocket Society , vol. 10 no. 2; It contains seven papers devoted to "space tourism" in English.
T F Rogers , August 1994, " Space Tourism: The Perspective In Japan And Some Implications For The United States ", unpublished.
Daniel O'Neil , Ivan Bekey , John Mankins , Thomas Rogers and Eric Stallmer , March 1998, "General Public Space Travel and Tourism - Volume 1 Executive Summary ", NP-1998-03-11-MSFC.
Daniel O'Neil , Ivan Bekey , John Mankins , Thomas Rogers , Eric Stallmer and W Piland , February 1999, "General Public Space Travel and Tourism - Volume 2 Workshop Proceedings ", NASA /CP-1999-209146.
Ivan Bekey , 1999, "Economically Viable Public Space Travel ", Space Energy and Transportation , Volume 4, Numbers 1 and 2.
Patrick Collins , February 2000, "The Space Tourism Industry in 2030 ", Proceedings of the Space 2000 conference held by the American Society of Civil Engineers in Albuquerque, New Mexico; pages 594-603.
Please send comments, critiques and queries to feedback@spacefuture.com.
All material copyright Space Future Consulting except as noted.


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Bolt raises €150M to improve its service quality and safety
Ride-hailing company, Bolt has raised €150 million in funding to improve the safety, security, and quality of its services. This is as it continues to expand its ride-hailing, micro-mobility, and food delivery services in Europe and Africa.
The investments in safety will include features like facial recognition and artificial intelligence tools. The investment was from D1 Capital Partners with the support of Darsana Capital Partners.
"Safety is one of the areas we will continue to grow and innovate for the benefit of our customers. We're planning to launch a more innovative solution, like driver face verification and automatic trip monitoring, using machine learning to prevent potential incidents and ensure the highest quality service for our customers," said Markus Villig, CEO and co-founder, Bolt.
Mid last year, Bolt raised €100m from London-based Naya Capital Management to boost its growth and development strategy.
The firm had earlier unveiled its 4th generation scooter for its global market and pioneered safety initiatives in the industry, providing a number of ride-hailing safety features in both its rider and driver apps including an SOS button, designed to let users contact emergency services quickly if needed.
The company has also ensured that its safety features are easily accessible from the app's home screen on the platform to improve the safety and well-being of riders and drivers during a Bolt trip. Additional safety features such as "Share your ETA", where a rider can share his/her live trip details with emergency contact numbers also ensure safety throughout the lifecycle of the riders' journey.
The firm's app now counts more than 50 million users in over 40 countries across Europe and Africa.
Read About: What is Bolt Go, the company's low-cost service?
Mastercard and MTN partner to enable global online shopping
How to share apps directly from the Google Play Store

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Free Murad Facial Voucher, worth up to £50!
In February Essentials Magazine (£2.99) there is a FREE VOUCHER for a 30 minute Murad Youthful You Facial, worth between £27 and £50! Book with one of the 70 participating salons before Thursday 31st January 2013, quoting Essentials and take your voucher with you on the day!
Are you going to get the February Essentials Magazine?


Fr. Don has been a priest in the Anglican Catholic Church (ACC) since April 2010, when he was ordained to the Sacred Ministry of the Priesthood. He previously had served as Deacon at St. Stephens ACC in Clifton Forge and Christ Church (ACC) in Bath County, VA under the tutelage of the Venerable Archdeacon Thomas McHenry.
In February 2010, he was assigned to St. Athanasius, Glen Allen, VA as Deacon-in-charge until his ordination to the priesthood. Fr. Don served there until mid-2012 when he was called by the Vestry and then assigned by the Bishop to St. Thomas. Fr. Don has also served the parishes at Lexington, VA (St. Paul) and Amherst, VA (Church of the Epiphany).
In January 2017, Fr. Don was assigned to St. Thomas as Priest in Charge.
Father Don and his wife Diane have been married for thirty years. They have a son Christopher Michael.
Fr. Don is a graduate of Regents College, NY (A.S.), Oklahoma City University, Oklahoma City, OK (B.S.) and the Harry B. Scott III School of Theology, Newport News, VA. He is currently pursuing a Master in Christian Ministries with a Cognate in Evangelism from Liberty University Seminary, Lynchburg, VA.
Fr. Don's calling is to Christian Education, both children and adult, and to developing curriculum for Christian Education. He has developed a three-year curriculum, based on the 1928 BCP, and a Confirmation Curriculum, which has been approved by the College of Bishops for use in the ACC.
A graduate from Oberlin College Conservatory, and Union Theological Seminary, NYC, Earle Goodwin came to us in September 2016.
A native of Lynchburg and Bedford VA, he has held several important positions during his career including 8 years at Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center, NYC presiding at the Kühn Organ, playing Sunday Morning weekly coast to coast broadcasts.
Now semi-retired, he enjoys a return to his liturgical musical background.


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Tag: Department of Health
Tax and Regulate
Jan 15, 2020 Kate Zawidzki
adult use, cannabis convictions, cannabis regulation, cannabis sales, criminal justice reform, criminal records, Department of Agriculture, Department of Health, expungement, FL, Florida, HB 1389, home cultivation, legalization, Medical Marijuana Treatment Center, MMTCs, SB 1860, Sen. Jeff Brandes, Tax and Regulate
Ask your lawmakers to support legalizing and regulating cannabis for adults 21 and older!
On Monday, January 13, Sen. Jeff Brandes (R) introduced a bill, SB 1860, to legalize and regulate cannabis for adults 21 and older. A House companion bill, HB 1389, was also introduced.
Meanwhile, it was announced this week that marijuana legalization will not make it to the ballot for voters to decide on in 2020. However, the state legislature could still legalize cannabis for adult use.
Ask your lawmakers to support SB 1860/HB 1389 to legalize and regulate cannabis for adult use!
Here are a few things the proposed legislation would do:
Allow adults to purchase up to 2.5 ounces of cannabis in a form for smoking from a licensed Medical Marijuana Treatment Center (MMTC);
Eliminate the requirement that MMTCs be vertically integrated — meaning businesses would not have to grow, sell, and process cannabis — they could just perform one of the functions;
Direct the Department of Health to develop procedures to issue and renew licenses for the cultivation, processing, retail sale, and transportation of cannabis;
Provide for expungement of criminal records for past cannabis convictions; and
Direct the Department of Agriculture to issue a study on the effects of home cultivation.
By legalizing cannabis for adults 21 and older, Florida can reduce the number of cannabis-related arrests, displace the illicit market, and free up law enforcement resources to focus on serious crimes.
Ask your lawmakers to follow the will of the majority of Floridians to end prohibition and replace it with a system of regulation. Then, forward this message to your networks and encourage them to do the same.
Minn. patients and health providers: Help expand the medical cannabis program
Jul 23, 2019 Kate Zawidzki
autism, chronic pain, conditions, Department of Health, healthcare providers, intractable pain, letter of support, medical cannabis, Medical Marijuana, Minnesota, MN, National Academy of Sciences, oral uptake delivery, patients, petition process, petitions, PTSD, Sensible Minnesota, TBI, traumatic brain injury
Submit a letter of support if you could benefit from allowing oral uptake delivery or from adding chronic pain or TBI to the program.
Minnesota's medical cannabis law started as one of the most restrictive in the nation. Thanks to the hard work of our allies at Sensible Minnesota and the voices of patients and providers, it has steadily been expanded via the Department of Health petition process. Intractable pain, PTSD, autism, and other conditions have been added administratively to include tens of thousands more patients.
Sensible Minnesota is now focused on expanding conditions to include chronic pain, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to allow oral uptake delivery. If you are a patient, caregiver, family member, healthcare provider, or someone else who could benefit from the addition of these conditions or delivery method, please consider providing a letter of support by the end of the day on Friday, July 26.
The National Academy of Sciences found there is conclusive or substantial evidence that cannabis relieves chronic pain. Adding "chronic pain" would allow thousands more patients to qualify who do not fall under the restrictive definition of intractable pain.
Oral uptake delivery — which can be done with gums, lozenges, or mints — permits patients to absorb cannabinoids through the mucosal lining of the mouth. This means the patient doesn't need to swallow the product, which can take far longer to get into the bloodstream to provide relief.
If you are a pain or TBI patient who has already received benefit from medical cannabis, please consider providing a letter to share your story.
You can submit your letter of support using Sensible Minnesota's online form or via email to petitions@sensible.mn. If you have questions or would like more information, please reach out to petitions@sensible.mn.
Florida Judge Says Medical Marijuana Patient Can Grow His Own Medicine
Department of Health, FL, Florida, home cultivation, Joseph Redner, Karen Gievers, Leon County, Luke Lirot, Tampa Bay times
On Wednesday, Leon County Judge Karen Gievers ruled that Joseph Redner, a 77-year-old cancer patient, may grow his own marijuana plants. Redner is a registered medical marijuana patient in Florida. Unfortunately, the Department of Health has already filed an appeal and will fight the decision.
Tampa Bay Times reports:
The ruling by Leon County Circuit Judge Karen Gievers applies only to Redner, 77. The Florida Department of Health responded quickly, filing an appeal.
The department had said Floridians are barred under state rules from growing cannabis for their personal use, including those who are legally registered as medical marijuana patients.
But Redner and other critics across the state say the health department continues to create barriers for more than 95,000 registered patients in Florida that could benefit from marijuana. Redner is a stage 4 lung cancer survivor and a registered medical marijuana patient.
"Under Florida law, Plantiff Redner is entitled to possess, grow and use marijuana for juicing, soley for the purpose of his emulsifying the biomass he needs for the juicing protocol recommended by his physician," Gievers said in her ruling. The word "solely" is bolded and underlined for emphasis in the document.
"The court also finds … that the Florida Department of Health has been, and continues to be non-compliant with the Florida constitutional requirements," the judge added, referring to the constitutional amendment approved by voters in 2016 that made medical marijuana legal.
Redner's attorney, Luke Lirot of Clearwater, said the judge was right to "castigate the health department for being a barrier to medicine."
While this ruling only applies to Joseph Redner, it most certainly opens the door for other Florida patients to finally be allowed to cultivate their medicine at home.
Florida's Dept. of Health to Delay Medical Marijuana Treatment Center Licensing
Christian Bax, Department of Health, Florida, lawsuit, MMTC, Office of Medical Marijuana Use, Senate Bill 8A
The Florida Senate Health Committee convened this morning and received an update from Christian Bax, Director of the Office of Medical Marijuana Use, on the implementation of regulations in Senate Bill 8A, which was passed by the legislature this summer.
The discussion focused on the application structure for adding additional medical marijuana treatment centers (MMTCs). Last month, a lawsuit was filed challenging the constitutionality of part of the state law that requires a medical marijuana license to go to a black farmer, and today the Office of Medical Marijuana Use said it will not issue any new licenses until the lawsuit is resolved.
When further questioned by the committee, Director Bax said, "We want to move the process as quickly as possible forward," but cited concerns of legislative process that might invalidate the Department of Health's licensing. If you'd like to watch Christian Bax's testimony, the Florida Senate's Health Policy meeting can be found on its website.
Amendment 2 established a deadline of October 3, 2017 for the Department of Health to issue additional MMTC licenses. If you are a Florida resident, please contact the Office of Medical Marijuana Use, and ask Director Bax to end the delay in medical marijuana licensing so that patients can have more access to treatment.
Florida Accepting Medical Marijuana Business Applications
Department of Health, FL, Florida, Medical Marijuana Treatment Center, Office of Compassionate Use
The Florida Department of Health has proposed regulations to establish the procedure to apply for Medical Marijuana Treatment Center (MMTC) licenses and to outline the evaluation process for applicants. The application is posted on the Office of Compassionate Use website, and applicants may begin completing applications for submission.
In order to become a licensed MMTC, each applicant is required to submit financial statements and to pass a background check. The law regulating Amendment 2 provides for 10 new licenses to be granted to growers in the state in addition to the seven that already exist and would require another four licenses to be issued for every 100,000 patients added to the state's medical marijuana registry.
Research||Tax and Regulate
Teen Use Down in Washington Since Legalization
Department of Health, I-502, Seattle Times, teen use, WA, Washington, Washington State Institute for Public Policy
Yet another study was released this week showing that teen marijuana use did not increase after legalization, this time from Washington.
Seattle Times reports:
Youth use of pot and cannabis-abuse treatment admissions have not increased in Washington since marijuana was legalized, according to a new analysis by the state Legislature's think tank.
Under Initiative 502, the state's legal-pot law, the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) is required to conduct periodic cost-benefit analyses of legalization on issues ranging from drugged-driving to prenatal use of marijuana.
The think tank's findings on youth use were not surprising as they were based on a biannual survey by the state Department of Health of students in the sixth, eighth, 10th and 12th grades released earlier this year.
Pot use by students in all four grade levels was stable or has fallen slightly since I-502 was enacted, the WSIPP report said.
For instance, 17 percent of the 10,835 high-school sophomores surveyed last year said they consumed pot in the previous month. The level was 18 percent in 2006 and 20 percent in 2010.
Legalization was approved by Washington voters in November 2012. Legal sales began in July 2014.
The study also found that admissions to public treatment centers for cannabis abuse had fallen since legalization took effect, and that the cannabis industry had created more than six thousand full-time jobs.
Pennsylvania Launches Practitioner Registration
Jul 27, 2017 Becky Dansky
Act 16, Department of Health, dispensary, Dr. Rachel Levine, Extra Step Assurance LLC, PA, Pennsylvania, practitioner, The Answer Page Inc.
On Wednesday, Acting Secretary of Health Dr. Rachel Levine announced important steps forward for Pennsylvania's medical marijuana program — practitioners can now register online, and the department approved two options for physician training.
Under Act 16, a doctor can only issue a certification for medical marijuana after registering with the Department of Health. The law also requires the physician complete a four-hour training course. The department has approved the first two providers of training courses, The Answer Page Inc. and Extra Step Assurance LLC.
For medical marijuana programs to work, doctors need to participate. If you are a Pennsylvania resident, talk to your doctor, and take a copy of Pennsylvania's Medical Marijuana Law: A Guide for Doctors and Patients with you for the conversation. Other materials are also available on MPP's Pennsylvania page and our medical marijuana page.
It is unclear at this time when the department will begin accepting applications and issuing identification cards for patients and caregivers. Earlier in the summer, the department announced the first round of business permits, including 12 grower/processor permits and 27 dispensary permits, which may each have up to three locations. It will take some time for the businesses to open and begin dispensing cannabis, but registered patients may have access as soon as early 2018.
Florida Medical Marijuana Regulations Bill Signed
Amendment 2, Department of Health, Florida, Mara Gambineri, Rick Scott, SB-8A
On Friday, Florida Governor Rick Scott signed medical marijuana regulation legislation into law. The legislature passed SB 8A in a special session after the regular session ended without a bill to implement Amendment 2, which legalized medical marijuana and was supported by 71% of voters last year.
The new law outlines licensing for 10 new companies as growers by October, which would increase the statewide total to 17. The law also allows patients, with a doctor's recommendation, to use medical marijuana in the form of pills, oils, and edibles. Patients may engage in vaping, but unfortunately, the law does ban smoking.
Additionally, the Department of Health is simultaneously working to regulate the amendment. Spokeswoman Mara Gambineri says the department is crafting rules to comply with SB 8A, "which provides a framework for patients to access marijuana safely."
Amendment 2 gives health officials until July 3 to craft rules to regulate the amendment and until October 3 to implement those rules.
Hawaii Governor Sign Medical Marijuana Improvements
Jun 23, 2017 Becky Dansky
David Ige, Department of Health, dispensary, epilepsy, H.B. 1488, Hawaii, laboratory, lupus, multiple sclerosis, qualifying conditions, rheumatoid arthritis
On Thursday, Hawaii Gov. David Ige signed into law H.B. 1488, a bill to expand the existing medical marijuana dispensary program.
H.B. 1488 adds rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis to the list of qualifying conditions and allows patients and caregivers to access testing facilities. Patients and caregivers will be allowed to cultivate three additional plants of any maturity, for a total of 10 plants. The phasing out of caregivers' ability to grow marijuana plants for patients has been pushed back five years, to the end of 2023.
The new law, which goes into effect on June 29, also authorizes the Department of Health to permit current licensees to open one additional dispensary — for a possible total of 24 statewide — and allows them to cultivate more plants at their production sites. It also amends certain deadlines and relaxes overly restrictive laboratory standards to accelerate implementation.
With the updated regulations, laboratories should find it easier to meet the requirements for certification. Several dispensaries are ready to start serving patients but cannot do so until they can submit their products for the required testing.
Congratulations and thank you to Gov. Ige, the Drug Policy Forum of Hawaii, and all of the advocates and lawmakers who made these improvements possible.
Pennsylvania Dept. Of Health Asking for Patient Input on Medical Marijuana Regulations
Dec 08, 2016 Becky Dansky
Department of Health, dispensary, PA, patients, Pennsylvania, permits, processor, survey
The Pennsylvania Department of Health has asked patients and caregivers to complete a brief survey to help gauge public interest in the medical marijuana program. The responses will be considered as part of the process of drafting medical marijuana regulations relating to patients and doctors.
The patient survey takes less than five minutes to complete and asks just 12 questions, including where you live in Pennsylvania, what condition you seek to treat, and the types of treatments in which you are interested. You can also submit comments about the implementation process.
The Department of Health is also seeking public input from individuals interested in applying for a grower/ processor and/or dispensary permit — that survey is available here. The department is seeking to engage the community to determine both the level of interest in seeking these permits and where potential applicants intend to open these types of facilities.
Your answers to these surveys will be considered in the drafting of regulations related to doctors and patients.
MPP will continue to advocate for the strongest possible medical marijuana program for patients, but we need your help. Make sure Pennsylvania's program includes you and your loved ones by completing the patient survey by December 14.


text:
Words to Build On
Family-owned Zumbrun Construction Company, Inc. operates under the sage advice of the man who created the entity.
Jennifer Blomquist
Jeffrey Crane
"My grandfather taught us a long time ago that if you assemble a good team, you're going to have a good project. But, if you have one bad player on that team, it can upset the apple cart," says Tad Marsh, president of Zumbrun Construction Company, Inc. "We run our business based on that philosophy. So, we try to pull together the very best to make a complete team from the business owner to the architect to the subcontractors."
Marsh's grandfather, Gene Zumbrun, started Zumbrun Construction in 1969 on Edwards Street on Fort Wayne's near southwest side. Marsh and his team still work out of the same building his grandfather did 51 years ago.
Specializing in commercial and industrial construction, Zumbrun has always been a family-owned business.
"My grandfather passed away unexpectedly in 1981 when he was pretty young, so, my uncle, Mike Zumbrun, took over the business. I moved to Fort Wayne and started working for Zumbrun in 1985 after graduating from high school in Atlanta, Georgia. I worked part-time while going to school full-time at what was then IPFW. After finishing college with a business degree, my uncle Mike asked me if I would come into the office and learn the 'other side' of the business. I accepted the offer and am glad that I did."
Marsh and his uncle became business partners and worked together for more than two decades before Mike retired in 2016 and Marsh bought the company from him.
"After I took over, I hired Steve Baumgarte and Taylor Moss to work with us as project managers and estimators. By doing that, it gave me more time to work on the business and future projects," says Marsh.
Zumbrun employs 20 to 30 people, depending on the season.
"We used to have more employees than that, but we subcontract out a lot of the work today and we serve more as managers of construction," says Marsh. "But our forces set steel, so we are steel erectors. We set pre-engineered metal buildings and conventional steel buildings. We're an authorized dealer for Butler Manufacturing Company®. We believe they are the Cadillac of pre-engineered steel buildings. We also do some miscellaneous carpentry and concrete work, but primarily, we provide supervision on every job. We have an onsite supervisor on the bigger projects to run that job in the field. The supervisor works closely with one of the project managers in the office."
Marsh says about half of the work Zumbrun does is new construction with the other half remodels and upgrades. Its footprint encompasses a roughly 60-mile radius of Fort Wayne, but the company will go out of state if a client requests it.
"We have a longtime relationship with Prairie Farms and we've gone up to Michigan to work at one of its plants. We also do all the service work for the Great Clips franchise in Fort Wayne and surrounding areas. And we've done a number of projects for Goodwill Industries, Dairy Queen and BND Commercial Real Estate."
Because some of its clients have what are considered to be essential businesses, Zumbrun has been in full swing throughout the pandemic.
"Things slowed down a little in June and July, but now we're busy as ever. I was pretty concerned at the beginning of the pandemic because of what we went through during the recession in 2009 and 2010. I am most proud that we weathered that financial crisis. I learned so much and it has made us a better and stronger company. We had record years in 2017, 2018 and 2019, so we were in good shape going into COVID. I'm just blown away by how busy we are right now. People are still wanting to build."
Marsh credits both his grandfather's words of wisdom and his team's efforts to maintain strong relationships with their clients for the company's ongoing success.
"I've learned that in this business, price matters, but it's much more than that. It's about whether or not the client trusts you and the relationship you build with them. We want to take care of our clients and treat them special. Our clients want to be treated special and that is why they ask us to come back."
Eighty to ninety percent of Zumbrun's business is repeat and referral.
"People trust someone they know more than they would trust an ad, so word-of-mouth has worked well for us over the years. We don't promise to be the lowest bidder, but we promise to be competitive and to do the job right, on time and even under budget if at all possible."
Marsh says he and his team are looking forward to some of their new and upcoming projects, which include Mercado, the new Mexican restaurant on The Landing in downtown Fort Wayne, as well as an indoor dog park on the city's near northwest side.
"The dog park is going to be called 'Finnegan's Playground' and it's located at 3232 Hillegas Road, across the street from Fort Wayne Animal Care and Control. This place is going to be really special and we're excited to be a part of it."
Even though the future may seem shaky right now with the pandemic and political unrest, Marsh remains confident.
"We've got the best team we could find, says Marsh. "It's just like what my grandfather said. If you've got the right team, everything else will go smoothly."
Zumbrun Construction
Address: 3110 Edwards St. Fort Wayne, Indiana 46802
Email: zumbruncommercialconstruction.com
Years in Business: 51
Products & Services: Commercial and Industrial Construction, Design/Build of new buildings and expansions, Pre-engineered metal buildings by Butler Manufacturing Company®, Construction Management, Renovations and Steel Erection Services
Focusing on Health IU Health Fort Wayne expands throughout the region and offers the highest quality care available.
A Wealth of Commitment Lake City Bank's community banking model addresses all areas of clients' financial lifecycle.
Mission in Motion With a strong history of community engagement in northeast Indiana, ProFed Credit Union won't let a pandemic get in the way of helping people.
The Value Experience Parkview Health focuses on care design and optimization to deliver the best value for the total cost of care.
Gateway to the World Fort Wayne International Airport improvement projects aim to make your journey even better.
Thriving by Design Design Collaborative positions itself for success by putting people first.
Hire Education The Northeast Indiana Regional Partnership promotes work-based learning experiences through high quality internship programs.
A Silver Lining When the COVID-19 pandemic forced the staff at Turnstone to physically close the center, they found a way to open many other doors for today and tomorrow.
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In search of Knowledge About Gold? You Need to have To Study This Report!
Numerous individuals have turned toward gold investing since they want a protected area to set their income. There are a lot of issues a potential investor need to know before leaping into the market, however, and not every person have this kind of details. Proceed on if you would like to learn the factors a gold trader need to know.
Gold prices change frequently, so you must stay apprised on the values of your items. If you make the selection to market gold, separate your pieces by purity stage. Do not market gold jewellery that may be value far more when marketed as a designer piece.
Constantly do your research to locate an truthful and reputable gold customer. Read on-line evaluations, check out with the BBB, and see how the sellers solve grievances. When you get bids from multiple customers, you may be ready to get best price for the gold.
Totally investigation any purchaser that you might be contemplating sending jewellery to via the mail. Know specifically how a lot income you can count on to obtain, and make sure that the package you send them is insured. Finally, consider images of all objects you happen to be sending so you have evidence in the celebration of a dispute.
Check out the return coverage before you buy anyone a present of gold. It is challenging to explain to if that jewellery is heading to in shape one more individual, or if that individual is going to want it. By making certain that the supplier provides a return plan, you can aid defend your self.
You can offer anything at all that is made up of gold to gold dealers. From broken jewellery to gold fillings, it can all be sold. In simple fact, a gold piece does not have to be a hundred-per cent gold to be worth something. Even anything partially gold or just gold-plated may possibly mean cash. The volume you can get will rely on how pure your product is.
Not too long ago, gold has turn into an extremely well-known investment decision, and that would seem to be a prolonged term pattern. Prior to heading into unfamiliar territory, sensible buyers commit time learning about the concentrate on market. Remember the details in this post to acquire true prosperity.
This entry was posted on February 15, 2015, in Gasoline And Gold Trading.
Investing in gold is smart and can provide variety to your portfolio. But like any type of investing, you can't go into it blindly. You need to have to discover what you can about it. Preserve reading to learn far more about gold as an expense choice.
Achieve far more than one particular estimate of the price of your gold. There are many customers who purchase gold, but costs vary from one specialist to the next. You are going to get a fairer price if you've got gotten a few estimates.
Gold fluctuates a great deal, so be aware of the purchase price tag prior to marketing your gold. If you offer gold, items that have numerous karat values need to have to be valued and weighted individually. Since the jewelry you offer will be melted down, keep items that are more worthwhile simply because of the designer identify.
Often use a trustworthy organization when offering gold. Validate their very good standing by checking with the BBB and evaluations on-line. A legit consumer will supply a truthful sum for the gold you have. Study helps defend you and your investment.
Maintain in head that gold dealers will acquire anything that's acquired gold inside it. Outdated or broken jewelry, old cash and tableware are just some of the things that might have gold, It will not have to be all gold either. It could just have a small sum of gold or be gold plated. They will not likely be well worth as significantly but you can even now get cash for them.
Be certain to seek the advice of the location cost on the working day when you plan to acquire gold. This information is available on a amount of internet sites. When getting, never pay better than 8% markup earlier mentioned the location value. Paying that value would basically be unfair to you.
You need to now have info to aid you with your gold investing. This method can assist fill in the gaps in between your cost savings and shares. Understand why gold is a wise expenditure, and know the different threat ranges between all the diverse selections.
This entry was posted on February 13, 2015, in Gasoline And Gold Trading.
Having a place that always available for you when you need it as a second house when you on your vacation time with family or the precious one must be a good thing, right? Since, you don't need to think where to live since the place is already available for you. But the bad news is, can you stay in the same place in every year for your vacation time? Mostly no one can. That's why, when you think it is the time to move, you need soon to think about how to sell your timeshare.
Preparing for your paperwork is the first thing you need to do when you have such idea to resale your timeshare. Your paperwork is you information that you and the potential buyer need to know. That is the reason why you should to prepare your paperwork in the first place. After you finish with your paperwork, if it is possible you need to find some information about resale program. However, if the resale program is not existed, simply advertise your timeshare interest to typical sale website. But, you need to remember, to always check the price before you execute which website will be the right site to advertise your timeshare interest.
Or, you can contact certain company that deal with this kind of thing. But, once again you need to be careful, since the possibility that you will get scammed is huge. However, if you want the easiest way that let you not to think too much about your timeshare when you have plan to sell it, you can rely on the execution to Cash Out your Timeshare. When you get there submit certain information that they need– they will do the job. Do you want to know more? Feel free to visit the site.


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For most people, buying a new home means purchasing a home on a lot. However, some people begin the new home process by buying their lot first and then finding someone to build their home for them.
You need to be careful about who you hire. You want to get the best value for your money. You also want to know that you are protected in case something goes wrong. Only a professional home builder can give you that peace of mind.
Don't take chances. Don't choose someone to build your home just because you think you will save a few dollars. Make sure you ask the right questions and have all the necessary information before you make a decision. This is particularly important if you run into part-time builders who offer to build your home in their spare time or "underground" builders who offer to build your home without "all that expensive paperwork".
Not just anyone can build a house. It takes skills, experience and knowledge. Professional builders keep their skills honed and stay up-to-date on building techniques and products. They are familiar with building regulations as well as permit and inspection requirements. They have a network of skilled trades and reliable suppliers, and they know how to schedule and manage the entire construction process efficiently and cost-effectively.
Professional builders also protect their clients' interests. They carry workers' compensation and liability insurance, so you don't risk being responsible for any accidents on the job site. They show you proof of payment to subtrades and suppliers, so you know you won't have unpaid bills at the end of the process—bills that you may have paid but your builder failed to discharge. They also back up their commitment to their clients with a third-party warranty.
Before you hire someone, make sure you know what you are getting into. Ask lots of questions about the builder's experience and track record. Ask about after-sales service and warranty. Check references carefully. Demand to see proof of insurance and workers compensation coverage. And MAKE SURE YOU ALWAYS GET IT IN WRITING!
If you are uncertain about a company, keep on looking!