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Olivia Ponton Addresses Harry Jowsey and Nate Wyatt Romance Rumors (Exclusive)
By Paige Gawley 9:59 AM PDT, October 14, 2020
Olivia Ponton is opening up about the men in her life. ET's Katie Krause spoke with the 18-year-old TikTok star, who dished about her split with Kio Cyr, addressed the romance rumors surrounding her and Too Hot to Handle's Harry Jowsey, and got real about what's going on with her and Nate Wyatt.
Starting with Cyr, Ponton said that while she "loved him" and thinks he's "amazing," she wouldn't consider getting back together with him.
"Being so young and going through all of it at once, I was like, 'Whoa! This is a lot to take,'" she explained. "He was my first boyfriend too. It was a lot to take in."
Ponton said that she and Cyr "still talk every now and then," but "don't hang out or anything." Now that she and Cyr have split, Ponton is excited for her fans to get to know her in a different way.
"It was definitely interesting to have everyone be so included in our relationship," she said. "I feel like that was a way people definitely got to know me as a person... but now I think people are slowly starting to know me for me."
Since their breakup, relationship rumors have swirled around her and Jowsey, though Ponton said there's no truth to the speculation.
"I love Harry, but we are not like that. We're just friends. We're good together," she said. "... We're just friends."
Other rumors have surrounded her and Wyatt, but Ponton insists that the fellow TikTok star is her roommate and friend, nothing more.
"People ship me with Nate, but he's literally my roommate. There's nothing going on there. We're just friends. He's literally my big brother... He's literally my roommate," she said. "That's why I was with him so much. We're just really good friends in general."
While Ponton said she likes being by herself at the moment, she has thought about what she wants out of her next relationship.
"Respect. If you can make me laugh, I really don't care what you look like. If you can make me laugh to the point where I, like, pee my pants on the first date, it's probably, like, a done deal," she said. "And just being a mamma's boy... Being able to stay in, but also wanting to go out 'cause I'm very introverted, but I also like going to parties and hanging out with people and going to dinners."
Following her quick rise to fame, Ponton has had to deal with negative comments, which is one reason why she wants to keep her next relationship largely off of social media. In general, though, Ponton has learned to look at the negative comments as motivation, rather than being discouraged by them.
"I'm like, 'OK, well, if you have something mean to say, I'm going to go and do it better, so then next time you don't have anything mean to say,'" she said. "But on the other hand, I really kind of stopped looking at my comment section [and] seeing what people do actually say about me. I've kind of just been trying to get at peace with myself, because I think if you're at peace with yourself then what other people say about you shouldn't affect the way you feel about yourself."
In addition to learning how to find inner peace, Ponton said that her new fame has taught her that she "can do a lot" on her own. "I think it's an honest blessing, in my point of view, that this did all happen," she said.
Aside from her private life, Ponton's time is largely taken up by the professional things she has in the works. In addition to her modeling aspirations, hopes for a skincare line, and charity work with World Harvest Food Bank and For Ocean, Ponton is hard at work on a collaboration with White Shore Swim.
"They were the first bikini company that actually sent me bikinis when I had 11,000 followers on Instagram. I've kind of been working with them here and there and then the idea came to me [that] I want to have like a bikini line. I was like, 'Oh, maybe I should just start a small collab with somebody,'" she recalled. "So they obviously came to my mind first... They sent me about five or six different designs and were just kind of like, 'Pick whatever design you want and then pick whatever color that you want'... The designs came a few weeks later and they were pretty much all ready, so it was awesome."
Additionally, she collaborated on an "empowering and overall pretty positive" clothing line with iamkoko.la and has a new line of "super cute" merch in the works. Now that she's gotten her design juices flowing, Ponton can't wait to continue on that track.
"As soon as I got a little taste of what it felt like, I was like, 'Oh my god, I want to be doing this,'" she said.
Watch the video below to hear from another TikTok star.
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'Below Deck's Chef Rachel Hargrove Has No Regrets About Season 8


It's certainly been an eventful past year for the Māori Party including the departure of its founding co-leaders Tariana Turia and Dr Pita Sharples, the loss of those two seats to the Labour Party in the elections, and for the first time pulling in someone via the party list, Marama Fox.
All of these matters will be discussed at the Māori Party AGM in Whangaehu.
There's one major focus for the Māori Party over the next couple days and that is to devise a strategy going forward.
The Māori Party continues to believe it's better to be at the table to secure gains, but the election results show the voters just don't see it and therein lies the challenge for the Māori Party.
Securing a spread for Māori at the government table is the reason the Māori Party says it works alongside National. Today, Tariana Turia is busy preparing a spread for its members at her marae, Whangaehu.
Tariana Turia says this is also a problem for the Māori Party. She says since the party moved from the back to the front, specifically, into ministerial positions, they've lost their connection with Māori voters.
So the question now is whether it was the right move this time round to remain at the table and take up ministerial positions?
Tomorrow the female co-leadership will be handed over to Marama Fox. Tariana Turia believes that is a major part in the party's progression, so too is building its membership.
As we know, food is the fuel for all good soldiers and its clear by the end of this AGM the members will be ready for the battle ahead.


Convert Dollars to Nepalese Rupees USD to NPR. last 7 days exchange rate history and some live Dollars to Currency UK recommend TorFX as our preferred.
How much money does Nepal Rastra Bank spend on printing Nepali currency? What is the conversion rate of 4 cents in US currency to UK currency in pence.
Home Exchange Rate: Currency: Unit: Buying Price: Selling Price: US Dollar: 1: 103. 7: 104. 3: Nepal Bank Limited Dharmapath Kathmandu (Head Office) Tel. Free foreign exchange rates and tools including a currency conversion calculator, historical rates and graphs, and a monthly exchange rate Advertise on XRates.
NPR Nepalese Rupee. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Nepal Rupee exchange rate is the NPR to GBP rate. The currency code for Rupees is NPR. Nepalese Rupee Currency Exchange Rate Today. Here you will find the Nepalese Rupee Currency Exchange Rate information. Copyright 2015 Currency. ME. UK.
(NPR) Nepali Rupee Exchange Rate today as fixed by Nepal the exchange rate of Nepali currency with Indian Rupee is always fixed at 1 UK Pound Sterling: 1. compare exchange rates and commissions for sending money from United Kingdom to Nepal. Also, Pound Exchange Rate Widget; Currency Converter Widget. Currency Exchange From Nepalese Rupee To British Pound With NPR GBP Rate, Central Bank Rate: 0. 5 Top GBP United Kingdom (UK), England, Northern.
Nepalese Rupee Rate Nepalese Rupee FX Currency Rates NPR Foreign Exchange UK Use the currency links to get full Nepalese Rupee intraday. (NPR) Currency Exchange Rate Click on Nepalese Rupees or Pounds Sterling to convert between that currency Sark), Isle of Man, and United Kingdom.
Find out about Nepal's currency as well as information on exchanging money Money of Nepal. so can i convert inr to nepali rupiya or need to first convert. to Nepalese Rupee (NPR) exchange rate history. Exchange Rates UK: Your Live Currency Exchange Rates Website. GBPAUD Exchange Rate Jumps as UK Services PMI. Currency Converter; Currency GBPNPR. United Kingdom Pound to Nepal Rupee. AD show that the most popular United Kingdom Pound exchange rate is the EUR to.
or any other currency. Try our currency converter to get real of the actual rate then available for a particular currency United Kingdom, France, Italy. View and Calculate foreign exchange rates with free currency converter. UK Pound Sterling (GBP) 1: Nepali Patro (.
Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rates, currency converter and exchange graphic; 101currency. com, special exchange rates page for Nepalese Rupee. Home; Currency; Central. Interest Rate Archives; Media Releases; Welcome to the official website of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). NRB, (Nepali) (Based on Seven.
Home Exchange Rate: Currency: Unit: Buying Price: Selling Price: US Dollar: 1: 103. 7: 104. 3: Nepal Bank Limited Dharmapath Kathmandu (Head Office) Tel. Free foreign exchange rates and tools including a currency conversion calculator, historical rates and graphs, and a monthly exchange rate Advertise on XRates. NPR Nepalese Rupee. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Nepal Rupee exchange rate is the NPR to GBP rate. The currency code for Rupees is NPR. Nepalese Rupee Currency Exchange Rate Today. Here you will find the Nepalese Rupee Currency Exchange Rate information. Copyright 2015 Currency. ME. UK.
Find out about Nepal's currency as well as information on exchanging money Money of Nepal. so can i convert inr to nepali rupiya or need to first convert. Currency Converter; Currency GBPNPR. United Kingdom Pound to Nepal Rupee. AD show that the most popular United Kingdom Pound exchange rate is the EUR to.
or any other currency. Try our currency converter to get real of the actual rate then available for a particular currency United Kingdom, France, Italy.
Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rates, currency converter and exchange graphic; 101currency. com, special exchange rates page for Nepalese Rupee. Home; Currency; Central.


Homepage Mobile Phones Apple iPhone Verizon iPad Coming Soon: What about iPhone?
Verizon iPad Coming Soon: What about iPhone?
Verizon Wireless isn't averse to offering Apple gear, in fact the Big Red is about to offer its customers the Apple iPad and apparently will begin selling the iPad in Verizon stores quite soon, but what about the Verizon iPhone?
According to an article over on Ocala by Miguel Helft, Apple has now announced that Verizon will start selling the iPad as of the 28th of this month although apparently the Big Red will not be offering 3G enabled iPad units.
Rather than sell the 3G version, Verizon will bundle the Apple iPad WiFi version with their own MiFi hotspot device, and said bundles will command a price of $630 for the 16GB version and $730 for the 32GB version while the 64GB version costs $830.
Verizon will also apparently offer all 3 versions of the Apple iPad as a standalone option, and also offer customers a $20 a month access plan for iPad customers with up to 1GB of data.
All well and good, but what about the Verizon iPhone, rumour has it the CDMA version of the iconic iPhone may hit Verizon in March, others say early next year. But if Verizon can deliver the iPad right now why can't Apple deliver the iPhone to the Big Red say before Christmas as I'm fairly sure it would definitely sell like hot cakes during the festive season.


In collaboration with the doctoral fellow Christian Féraud, an associate of SIK-ISEA until 2016 whose dissertation Johann Jakob Biedermann (1763–1830). Das druckgrafische Œuvre was supervised by the University of Bern and funded by Stiftung Graphica Helvetica, SIK-ISEA created a representative collection of photographs of the graphic work of the Winterthur artist Johann Jakob Biedermann and made it accessible to the public on SIKART.
The Swiss art archives at a glance.


Simple Life is a great song. Southern Ways is a great song. They know how to rock. Anyone who says differently is just stupid.
This album is awful. Generic and awful. I don't know why they're trying to go for that mainstream country sound but it's terrible. This isn't the Lynyrd Skynyrd I know.
Ronnie is rolling in his grave. Why even bother to remake the original great songs... Just make your own name johnny and leave the Skynyrd name alone.
This isn't southern rock. It's f'n pop country, which is crap!!
this, people, is what we call "selling out"
Lynyrd Skynyrd has always been a classic southern rock band. this album lacks their flair and everything about it is wrong. go back to playing your old stuff, and forget this attempted mainstream crap.
It's country. It's rock. It's music for the son and the soul, but is it Skynyrd? The answer is "yes" and "no". The Skynyrd sound is there no mistaking it. Skynyrd Nation is what they should call themselves now. The power and the grace of the band will always live on. It would serve the band and the fans better to carry on as the new name. I'd say if you look at it this way, the albums rocks and less comparison to the other live album..


text:
Top Ten Signs You're Obsessed With TV Shows
1 You quote a show constantly.
Every time I watch Bambi now I go "BAM! WHAT?! " when Bambi attacks the dogs to save Faline in the climax. (the quote is from Liv and Maddie).
I used an Anne Maria quote the other day and my sister looked at me like I was crazy.
Whenever something related to science comes up: "The future is now, thanks to science! "
Mom.. "Stay out of my territory". Ohh Breaking Bad..
2 You collect merchandise of your favorite TV shows.
Disney's Hercules merchandise that I have:
-Baby Pegasus Plush
-Hades plush
-Hades race car
-PS1 game
-Animated storybook
-poster
-picture book
-pictures that I printed off the computer
-DVD
-Disney chess pieces
I would LOVE to add to my small collection!
I have a lot of Backyardigans merchandise at my house. This is what I have: blanket, stuffed animals, toy guitar, shoes that I used to have when I was little, DVDs, books
I had a few Super Why toys. I gave to my baby cousin. Maybe I'll play with them next time I see him.
Just enter inside my bedroom and there is FOP stuff everywhere.
3 You daydream about a character.
I always day dream about my favorite cartoon character everywhere and anywhere.
I do this a lot. I imagine I hang out with them. Especially a specific one.
Oh how the mother of dragons haunts my mind.
Super Why was in my dreams a lot.
4 You'd rather watch your favorite TV show than have sex.
So you would rather have sex than to watch 22 Jump Street? I wouldn't
5 You hum the theme song whenever and wherever.
I mostly sing Once Upon a Time in New York City from Oliver & Company but sometimes I sing Better in Stereo from Liv and Maddie. Oh yeah, and What a Girl Is became one of my all-time favorite Disney songs.
I do this a lot with you know which show I like. I can hum the theme song of The Fairly OddParents nonstop.
Everything is not what it seems, when you can get all you wanted in your wildest dreams..
Yes, I love doing that! I often hum the theme song of the show I really like.
6 Almost anything reminds you of a TV show.
Liv and Maddie reminds me of my life. In the show, Liv was away for four years in Hollywood. In real life, my older brother was away at collage since August 2011 and didn't come back until February 2015. Also, Liv can be nosy and meddle with others' lives (mostly Maddie's), I'M TOTALLY LIKE THAT! But the whole premise to the show is about how they have polar opposite personalities but are best friends. I keep thinking, "it's just like The Fox and the Hound" (which is my favorite movie of all time).
-Greek mythology reminds me of Hercules: the Animated series
-Chinatown restaurants reminds me of Disney's House of Mouse
-Anything associated with NJ reminds me of the former NJN T.V. station (New Jersey Network)
-airplanes reminds me of LA to Vegas
-little kids reminds me of Rugrats (including me and my cousins as babies and toddlers! )
-teenagers reminds me of Disney Channel
A lot of things remind me of Pokemon.
Yea, this happens to me all the time.
7 You name a pet after a character.
Kind of off topic, but I know someone who was obsessed with Russian history and he named his kids after some Russian emperors. Surprisingly, his wife agreed on the names. They named their first child Alexandra after Tsar Nicholas II's wife, and they named their second child Nicholas, after Tsar Nicholas II. Also, there is a Supernanny episode called the Tsironis family. The twins in this episode are named Teddy and Nicholas. And I know another family who gave their two sons the same names as in the episode.
I have a friend who knows a dog breeder whose dog birthed a litter of seven. They were named after the seven main characters from Brooklyn Nine-Nine. They were Jake, Amy, Charles, Rosa, Terry, Ray and Gina. I jest not.
When I get a dog I would name it:
-Elvis, Zeus, Hermes, or Wynn (male)
-Hera or Athena (female)
I may think of more names as well...
My dog is called Barney Stinson. Is that weird?
8 You have a special ritual before watching an episode.
9 You rewatch all of the seasons.
I watch Liv and Maddie whenever I can. Plus I watch it with my brother and sometimes with my parents. They like it too.
I always do this. Worth it!
10 You know the name of every episode
I know all episodes of Liv and Maddie. Names, plots, subplots (pretty much every episode has at least one subplot), even quotes. I frequently contribute to the Wikipedia page whenever I can.
I know the name of every Fairly OddParents, SpongeBob and Regular Show episode.
One of my friend knows all the name of every episode in English and French!
11 You avoid spoilers at any cost.
In no way does this make you obsessed! Now sure, I'm a die-hard Walking Dead fan, but even if I just "liked" it, I'd go nowhere near spoilers!
Same! I'm a die-hard Gravity Falls Fan,but even my friend who just likes it aviods Spoilers too.
12 Your wallpaper is of a TV show
My wallpaper switches between my favorite shows.
I have a Backyardigans wallpaper on my iPad.
My lock screen is Rick Grimes. And it also says stuff and thangs. My home screen is carl poppa
13 You dream about TV shows.
Same here I had a dream when the Backyardigans characters were on Pampers diapers.
Once I had a dream that the gods from Disney's Hercules were on Pampers diapers
14 You constantly read fanfiction of your favorite show.
Yes! I do that almost every day.
15 You think about your favorite shows all the time.
I can't stop thinking about Sinbad Legend of the Seven Seas and the Backyardigans all the time.
16 Scenes from the episodes constantly replay in your head
17 You've called someone by the name of a TV character.
I call my dad Rick
18 You know the name of every actor on the show.
That's me with the walking dead.
19 You cancel you're plans just to watch an episode
I do that all the time
20 You're extremely desperate to bring a show back.
I want to bring House of Mouse and Disney's Hercules back!
I want them to put the Backyardigans back on T.V. so I can watch it as much as I did in my childhood.
21 If you watch the episodes over and over of any show. Despite the fact you have watched the episodes thousands of times already
22 You have memorized the scripts and scenes of TV shows
Not all of it but I have memorized some quotes from Hercules: The Animated Series
Hera: I, Hera, even though I warned him, vote for my husband, Zeus (Apollo Mission)
Hermes: they got you there, big guy (Apollo Mission)
Zeus: I must have left it, um...
Hera: in your other universe? (Tiff on Olympus)
23 You get excited when it gets mentioned
Disney's Hercules the movie gets mentioned more than the T.V. show, but I am also obsessed with the movie. When I went to Disney World in 2006, I was watching the Wishes fireworks show at the Magic Kingdom, "Go the Distance" played and I was so happy.
24 You watch the show every day
25 You watch episodes of it on YouTube
Top 10 Best TV Shows Top Ten Best Sitcoms of All Time Top 10 Best Kids TV Shows Top 10 Greatest TV Series Characters Top 10 Best Television Brands Top 10 Best The Walking Dead Characters Top Ten Funniest TV Shows Best Characters From The Office Top 10 Television Series with the Best Theme Songs Top Ten Comedy Shows of All Time Top 10 Best Friends Characters Top 10 Best PBS Kids Shows Best Television Series Seasons of All Time Best Liv and Maddie Characters Best 24 Characters Characters Most Likely to Have Killed EastEnders' Lucy Beale Best Lizzie McGuire Episodes Top Ten Worst Shows On CBBC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Self Help
Anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID‐19 pandemic – Guvenc – – Perspectives in Psychiatric Care
in Self Help
The new type of coronavirus infection (COVID‐19), whose agent is SARS‐CoV‐2, has spread very rapidly after the first case in Wuhan, the center of Hubei Province of China, and it has now become a pandemic.1 Over 11 million people worldwide and more than 250,000 people in Turkey have been affected by COVID‐19.2, 3 The spread of the pandemic to these dimensions has resulted in social distance practices, causing a change in the daily functioning and standard behavior patterns of individuals in many parts of the world.4
Rapid transmission of COVID‐19, high mortality rates in risky groups, lack of effective treatments, and massive quarantine measures have led to fear, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in humans.5 Risks associated with COVID‐19 infection have also been reported to affect pregnant women and women in the postpartum period.6–8 During the pandemic period, women's visits to the hospitals to receive antenatal care, deliveries at the hospitals, revisits for postpartum follow‐ups after the discharge, problems related to maintaining physical distance in the postpartum period, and keeping the mothers and babies in quarantine in suspicious cases pose a risk in terms of the transmission of COVID‐19 infection to the woman and her family. In particular, adapting to the dynamic process in the postpartum period, with a change in living conditions due to the pandemic, also negatively affects the mother's psychology.4, 9, 10
Physiological and psychological processes experienced in the first few weeks after delivery affect the mental health of the mother and increase the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). The incidence of PPD ranges from 6.9% to 12.9% in high‐income countries and more than 20% in some low‐ or middle‐income countries.11 PPD frequency in Turkey ranges from 4.8% to 51.3%, depending on the used diagnostic method, scanning time, and sample size.12–16 According to the results of a recent meta‐analysis, the prevalence of PPD in Turkey has been reported as 23.8%.17 It is perceived that the incidence of PPD, an important concern in the postpartum period, increased due to the psychological burden that increased due to the pandemic. In a limited number of recent studies, it has been reported that anxiety and depression levels increase in women in the postpartum period.9, 18–20
PPD observed in a new mother causes a lack of interest toward the family and opposing feelings toward her baby, which may lead to growth and development retardation, in addition to cognitive, behavioral, social, and psychological problems later in life in children.21 The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommends that women should be screened at least once in the perinatal period using a standardized, approved scale for symptoms of depression and anxiety (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory I–II, etc.).22 On the basis of the increasing number of problems that may affect women in the postpartum period during the pandemic period, we aimed to evaluate anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
2.1 Design and participants
This descriptive and cross‐sectional study was carried out from May to July 2020 in Ankara, Turkey. Offıcially, on March 11, 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic started in Turkey. Women who gave birth in the training and research hospital where the study was conducted after March 15, 2020 (who were in the 4‐ to 6‐week postpartum period and agreed to participate in the study) constituted the sample of the study. Out of 276 women who had given birth in the period when the study was carried out, 216 were reached. Four patients did not want to participate in the study. Finally, the data of 212 women were analyzed (response rate: 78.26%). After the data collection, a power analysis was conducted to determine the level of statistical power and estimate the minimum sample size needed.23 The 212 women were sufficient at the 0.05 level of error with a 95% confidence interval and 90% power according to the post hoc statistical power analysis.
2.1.1 Inclusion criteria
Women who were in the postpartum period of 4–6 weeks, who could speak and understand Turkish, had a telephone number to communicate, and were willing to participate in the study were included in the study.
"Participant Information Form," "Knowledge Assessment Form Regarding the COVID‐19 Pandemic Process," "State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐I (STAI‐I)," and "EPDS" were used in data collection.
2.3 Participant Information Form
This form, developed by the authors, consisted of three parts. In the first part, questions about age, educational status, working status, income level, how she feeds her baby, whether she shares the same house with healthcare personnel, and the sociodemographic data about family type were asked. The second part consisted of questions about obstetric history (delivery type, number of pregnancy and birth, number of alive children, stillbirths, etc.) and medical history (presence of chronic disease in the mother). In the third part, there were questions about how the pandemic process affected her mental health, whether the type of birth was affected by this process, the conditions she was affected by in the postnatal period, the sources of knowledge about the pandemic, the presence of COVID‐19 infection in herself or her family, the fear of virus infection to herself or her baby, and the fear of infecting virus to her baby during breastfeeding.
2.4 Knowledge Assessment Form Regarding the COVID‐19 Pandemic Process
The form, developed by the authors in accordance with the relevant literature,1, 18, 24, 25 consisted of three parts. In the first part, five semi‐structured statements were presented evaluating attitudes and behaviors toward breastfeeding. Participants were asked to answer each statement as "Yes," "No," änd "I do not know," and each correct answer was scored as 1 point. The total score that could be obtained from the first part was between 0 and 5. In the second part, there are 12 statements questioning general knowledge, such as the transmission routes of COVID‐19 infection, symptoms, and risk groups. Participants get 1 point for each correct answer 0 points for the wrong answer and "I do not know" option. The total score to be obtained from the second form varies between 0 and 12 points. In the third part, there were total five semi‐structured statements regarding the general attitudes and behaviors of the individual in the pandemic process. There were "Yes," "No," and "I do not know options" for each question.
2.5 COVID‐19 transmission fear and risk perception forms
This form consisted of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The VAS was used for determining perceptions of fear of being infected with COVID‐19, fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby, fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby during breastfeeding, and risk perception. The VAS for fear of COVID‐19 consisted of a 10‐cm horizontal scale with the descriptors 0 (no fear) on the left and 10 (maximal fear) on the right. Participants were asked to mark their current level of perceived fear along the scale.
2.6 State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐I
STAI‐I was developed by Spielberger in 1964 and revised in 1983.26 It was adapted for the Turkish context by Oner and Le Compte.27 The scale consists of 20 items, and it is a 4‐point Likert‐type scale. The total score ranges between 20 and 80 points, and higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels.26, 27 Cronbach's alpha value for STAI‐I was found between 0.83 and 0.87. In this study, Cronbach's alpha value of the STAI‐I was 0.92.
2.7 Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
EPDS, developed in 1987 by Cox and Murray to evaluate PPD, consists of 10 items and is a 4‐point Likert‐type scale. The scores that can be obtained from this scale range between 0 and 30. The cutoff point of 13 or higher scores are considered as the probable risk for the presence of PPD. Cox and Murray have reported Cronbach's alpha value of 0.87 for EPDS. In the Turkish validity and reliability study conducted by Engindeniz,28 it has been reported that Cronbach's alpha value was 0.79. In this study, Cronbach's alpha value was determined as 0.85.
2.8 Data collection
To collect the research data, women in the postpartum period were contacted by phone. The purpose of the study was explained to the participants by phone, and an online survey was sent to the mobile phones of women who agreed to participate in the study. Written information was given about the study at the beginning of the survey. The survey took about 15 min to answer.
2.9 Ethical considerations
Before the onset of the study, ethics committee approval and necessary permissions were obtained from the institution where the study was conducted (May 9, 2020, 2020/166). All of the participants were informed about the purpose of the study and their written consents were obtained.
2.10 Statistical analysis
The data were evaluated using the IBM SPSS 24.0 statistics package. The suitability of continuous variables to normal distribution was evaluated by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Data included descriptive statistics; the number (n) and percentage (%) for the variables determined by counting are shown as mean ± standard deviation (X ± SS); and median and minimum–maximum (min–max) values for variables are determined by measurements. Χ2 test was used to detect significant differences between the nondepression group and the depression group. The t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance test were used to compare continuous and nominal measures. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the correlations. A p < 0.05 value was accepted as statistically significant.
A comparison of depression rates according to sociodemographic and obstetric variables of women is shown in Table 1. The mean age of women was 29.49 ± 5.01. No statistical difference was found between women's age, pregnancy number, delivery number, educational status, living with health personnel at home, chronic illness status, and delivery type according to depression status. There was a statistically significant difference between women's employment and depression status (p = 0.001). The depression rate of the women who were not employed was lower than employed women (Table 1).
Comparison of depression according to sociodemographic and obstetrics variables
No depression (EDPS < 13)
Depressive (EDPS ≥ 13)
N = 140 (66.0%)
N = 72 (34.0%)
Characteristics, N = 212
±SD
Age 29.49 5.01 29.44 5.52 29.57 4.43 −0.17 0.86
Number of pregnancy 2.00 1.16 1.99 1.15 2.03 1.18 −0.24 0.80
Number of delivery 1.76 0.86 1.74 0.88 1.79 0.82 −0.39 0.69
n % n % n % χ2 pb
Educational status
Elementary 37 17.5 22 59.5 15 40.5 3.52 0.17
High school 61 28.8 46 75.4 15 24.6
University and higher 114 53.8 72 63.2 42 36.8
Employed 79 37.3 41 51.9 38 48.1 11.22 0.001
Not employed 133 62.7 99 74.4 34 25.6
Living with health personnel at home
Yes 16 9.4 13 61.9 8 38.1 0.178 0.42
No 191 90.1 127 66.5 64 33.5
Chronic illness status
Yes 26 12.3 14 53.8 12 46.2 1.96 0.18
Vaginal 102 48.1 69 67.6 33 32.4 0.27 0.66
Caesarean 110 51.9 71 64.5 39 35.5
Abbreviation: EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
at‐test.
bΧ2 test.
Women feared mostly for being infected with the virus (66%), and they had worries concerning their family's health (60%). Feeling upset (46.2%) and worries related to the future (43.9%) were the other most common factors affecting the women during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Figure 1).
Women's perceptions and attitudes in the postpartum period regarding COVID‐19 [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
A statistically significant difference was found between the status of the women having relatives who had tested positive for coronavirus and the rates of depression (p = 0.002).
The rate of experiencing depression for women who had their relatives tested positive for coronavirus was found to be higher. A statistically significant difference was found between women's status for being affected by the pandemic process and their rates of experiencing depression (p < 0.001). Women who stated that they were very much affected by the pandemic process had a higher rate of depression (Table 2).
The affection status of women from the pandemic process and their depression experiencing status due to the diagnosis of COVID‐19 of their relatives
The status of having their relatives tested positive for coronavirus
Yes 10 4.7 2 20.0 8 80.0 9.91 0.002
The impact status due to the pandemic process on mental health
Very affected 64 30.2 28 43.8 36 56.3 24.81 <0.001
Affected to a certain extent 126 59.4 91 72.2 35 27.8
Not affected 22 10.4 21 95.5 1 4.5
Note: The bold values indicate statistically significant at p < 0.05.
aΧ2 test.
A comparison of women's depression, anxiety, information, fear, and risk perception scores related to COVID‐19 of women according to depression status is presented in Table 3. There was a statistically significant difference between the EDPS scores of women and depression status (p < 0.001). EDPS scores were found to be higher in women who had depression. There was a statistically significant difference between the anxiety scores of women and depression status (p < 0.001). Anxiety scores were found to be higher in women who had depression. We did not find statistically significant differences between the COVID‐19 knowledge and COVID‐19 breastfeeding knowledge scores of women and depression status (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between considering themselves in the high‐risk group (p < 0.001), fear about being infected with COVID‐19 for themselves (p = 0.01) and for their babies (p = 0.01), and the depression status of women. There was a statistically significant difference between fear about their babies getting infected with COVID‐19 from breastfeeding and the depression status of women (p = 0.03). Women who were afraid about their babies getting infected with COVID‐19 from breastfeeding had higher EDPS scores (Table 3).
Comparison of women's depression scores with STAI‐I, COVID‐19 knowledge, COVID‐19 breastfeeding, knowledge, and fear scores
Characteristics (N = 212)
Mean ± SD
Depression 10.42 ± 5.81 6.97 3.23 17.13 3.29 −2.152 <0.001
STAI 42.69 ± 9.93 39.10 8.49 49.68 8.79 −8.48 <0.001
COVID‐19 knowledge score 9.69 ± 1.94 9.72 1.96 9.62 1.92 0.36 0.71
COVID‐19 breastfeeding knowledge score 3.79 ± 0.97 3.70 0.99 3.97 0.90 −1.88 0.06
Considering themselves in the high‐risk group being infected with COVID‐19 3.41 ± 2.63 2.92 2.52 4.36 2.60 −3.89 <0.001
Fear of being infected with COVID‐19 7.49 ± 2.76 7.14 2.92 8.17 2.31 −2.58 0.01
Fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby 8.38 ± 3.62 8.07 2.74 8.97 1.75 −2.52 0.01
Fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby during breastfeeding 4.80 ± 2.81 4.38 3.55 5.67 3.65 −2.16 0.03
Abbreviations: EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; STAI‐I, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐I.
A correlation between STAI, EDPS, COVID‐19 knowledge scores, COVID‐19 breastfeeding knowledge scores, and fear scores of women is presented in Table 4. There was a statistically significant correlation between STAI and EDPS scores of women (p < 0.001). STAI scores of women increased with the increase in EDPS scores. There was no correlation found between knowledge scores (COVID‐19 and breastfeeding) and STAI, and EDPS scores. There were statistically significant correlations between fears of women and STAI and EDPS scores (p < 0.05). STAI and EDPS scores of women increased as their fear scores about being infected with COVID‐19, transmission to the baby, and fear of COVID‐19 transmission to baby during breastfeeding increased (Table 4).
Correlation between STAI‐I, EPDS, COVID‐19 knowledge scores, COVID‐19 breastfeeding knowledge scores, and fear scores of women
STAI‐I
COVID‐19 knowledge score
COVID‐19 breastfeeding knowledge score
Fear of being infected with COVID‐19
Fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby
Fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby during breastfeeding
STAI‐I 0.56 <0.001 −0.07 0.91 0.10 0.12 0.34 <0.001 0.31 0.001 0.24 0.002
Depression 0.56 <0.001 −0.41 0.55 0.04 0.53 0.31 0.002 0.31 0.002 0.24 0.001
COVID‐19 knowledge score −0.07 0.91 −0.41 0.55 0.31 <0.001 0.06 0.36 0.07 0.27 −0.08 0.92
COVID‐19 breastfeeding knowledge score 0.10 0.12 0.04 0.53 0.31 <0.001 0.07 0.28 0.03 0.66 −0.14 0.05
Fear of being infected with COVID‐19 0.34 <0.001 0.31 0.002 0.06 0.36 0.07 0.28 0.73 <0.001 0.51 <0.001
Fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby 0.31 0.001 0.31 0.002 0.07 0.27 0.03 0.66 0.73 <0.001 0.039 <0.001
Fear of COVID‐19 transmission to the baby during breastfeeding 0.24 0.002 0.24 0.001 −0.08 0.92 −0.14 0.05 0.51 <0.001 0.39 <0.001
* Pearson's correlation test.
In this study, we aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We found that 34.0% of women were under risk in terms of PPD. Similar rates have been reported in a limited number of studies conducted in different countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic.20, 29 In a study conducted by Sun et al.20 in Wuhan with 2883 women, 33.71% of the participants had depression symptoms, including 27% with mild depression, 5.24% with moderate depression, and 1.46% with severe depression.29 They examined the relationship between COVID‐19 and depression levels of women and found that 34% of women who were in the postpartum period of 0–18 months suffered from depression.
In studies conducted before the pandemic, PPD rates have been reported as 19%–25% in middle‐income countries and 7%–15% in developed countries.30, 31
Our research showed that the COVID‐19 pandemic increased the risk of PPD, in parallel with other studies conducted during the pandemic. Additionally, in studies conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, women in the antenatal period have been found to have high levels of anxiety and depression.18, 19, 32, 33 As the reflection of the problems experienced in the antenatal period to the postpartum period is almost inevitable, the antenatal and postpartum periods cannot be considered separately from each other. It is estimated that women who experience anxiety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, in addition to general stresses from the pregnancy period, have a higher risk for PPD.34 It could be speculated that the high risk of PPD of the women found in our study could be attributed to their pregnancy and delivery coinciding with the pandemic process.
Again, we found that among the sociodemographic characteristics of women, only their employment status affected the risk of PPD. Working women have a higher risk of depression. In the literature, there are various studies stating that employment status does not affect PPD,13, 35 nonworking women have a higher risk of PPD symptoms,36–38 and mothers working in the private sector constitute a risk factor for PPD.39 The uncertainty of the process and the concerns about working in the future may influence these results.
In our study, it was determined that obstetric characteristics do not affect the risk of PPD. In the literature, some studies concluded that delivery method, which is one of the obstetric characteristics, may increase the risk of PPD,38, 40 whereas other studies showed that they were not related.41–43 We found that women were most afraid of COVID‐19 transmission to themselves, to their babies, and to their families during the pandemic. In addition, women wanted to be discharged from the hospital immediately after delivery, avoided going to the hospital for postpartum controls, and stated that they did not accept visitors in the postpartum period. The reason for this behavior of women was their fear of transmission of the infection. We found that women who were afraid of transmission of COVID‐19 infection to themselves or their babies had a higher risk of PPD. Additionally, the PPD risks and anxiety levels of the women participating in the study increased with the increase in fear of COVID‐19 transmission to themselves or their babies in the hospital and elsewhere. Again, our study found that women who feared COVID‐19 transmission during breastfeeding had a higher risk of PPD.
Pregnant and postpartum women who have been infected with COVID‐19 and deceased were reported in the literature,44–46 and such news has been (and is) frequently reported in the media. It could be considered that this type of news also affects women negatively. Studies show that fears experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic have negative psychological consequences.47–49 Our research results showed that fears experienced due to the pandemic process increase both the risk of PPD and the level of anxiety. We also found that women whose relatives were diagnosed with coronavirus had a higher risk of PPD. This may be due to the increased likelihood of infection being transmitted to them.
In our study, women's anxiety levels were found to be moderate according to the STAI‐I scores. However, women with a high risk of PPD had higher anxiety levels, and as their anxiety levels increased, their risk of PPD also increased. Studies show that anxiety experienced during the pandemic process is an important risk factor in the development of PPD.19, 29, 34 In a study conducted by Cameron et al.,29 a relationship was found between experiencing mental health problems and experiencing depression in women who are in the postpartum period of 0–18 months.
In our study, no relationship was found between women's knowledge level about COVID‐19 and their knowledge about breastfeeding during the pandemic, their PPD risks, and anxiety levels. No other study was encountered in the literature evaluating the perceptions and knowledge levels of postpartum women regarding breastfeeding during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The importance of obtaining knowledge from healthy sources of information during the pandemic process and applying it to health institutions when necessary has been emphasized.50 In our study, the fact that the knowledge about the pandemic process was not obtained from the professional sources may be considered effective in the absence of a relationship between women's knowledge levels and PPD risks and anxiety levels.
In this study, we found that women who considered themselves in the risky group and who stated that they were psychologically affected by the pandemic were at higher risk for PPD.29 Also, a relationship was found between experiencing mental health problems and experiencing depression in women who were in the postpartum period of 0–18 months. Our research results suggest that the subjective well‐being of women in the postpartum period should also be evaluated.
The study has some limitations. First, the design of the study is cross‐sectional; therefore, it could not show cause and effect relationships. Further studies using a longitudinal study design are recommended. Second, the study data were collected from postpartum women who gave birth in a single tertiary hospital. Therefore, the study results cannot be generalized. Another limitation is that the data were collected through a web‐based online survey and based on women's self‐reports, which might result in self‐report bias. Finally, the vast majority of the participants' educational level was high school and higher. This is one of the potential limitations of administering an online survey. Future research with the postpartum women should consider data collection methods that allow for the participation of individuals with a lower education level.
4.2 Implications for nursing practice
Nurses are key health professionals who are often in contact with women in the perinatal and postpartum periods. This is an important opportunity to screen women for PPD and plan implementation of preventative and treatment options. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is an increase in the existing risk of PPD. Therefore, early detection and appropriate and timely intervention to prevent or detect PPD are crucial to the well‐being of a woman and her family. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, women may not reach out to the healthcare services as much as they did before the pandemic. Therefore, providing an opportunity to reach out to e‐health services or online access to healthcare services may be an alternative way to detect and effectively manage women experiencing PPD.
Women's anxiety levels and fear regarding COVID‐19 had an impact on PPD. Decreasing the anxiety levels and fear regarding COVID‐19 of women may be an important step to prevent PPD during the pandemic. In the perinatal period, and before hospital discharge postpartum, women should be educated about available services if symptoms develop and of the serious implications of untreated PPD and how they may reach out to healthcare services during the pandemic.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased the incidence of depression in women in the postpartum period. It has been found that women's anxiety levels and their fear of COVID‐19 infection have an impact on their depression experience. No relationship was determined between women's knowledge of COVID‐19 and their depression experience. It is perceived that the high level of PPD during the pandemic process is also related to the stresses exposed during pregnancy. For this reason, it is recommended to plan care of women starting from the antenatal period and to particularly make interventions to reduce their anxiety levels and fears. To achieve this, it may be suggested to create online materials and psychological support lines for the needs of women in both antenatal and postpartum periods.
The authors would like to thank all participants for their contribution to the study. This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors.
The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.
Gulten Guvenc, Fulden Ozkececi, İlknur Yesilcinar, Emine Öksüz, Coşkun F. Ozkececi, and Dilek Konukbay made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data. Gulten Guvenc, Fulden Ozkececi, İlknur Yesilcinar, Emine Öksüz, Coşkun F. Ozkececi, Dilek Konukbay, Gulsah Kok, and Kazım E. Karasahin were involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content. Gulten Guvenc, Fulden Ozkececi, İlknur Yesilcinar, Emine Öksüz, Coşkun F. Ozkececi, Dilek Konukbay, Gulsah Kok and Kazım E. Karasahin gave final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Gulten Guvenc, Fulden Ozkececi, İlknur Yesilcinar, Emine Öksüz, Coşkun F. Ozkececi, Dilek Konukbay, Gulsah Kok, and Kazım E. Karasahin agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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we finally got a vocalist.
2 weeks in and he's almost finished the old demo work.
we'll be in the studio re - recording the 4 demos w/ vocals and 3 more for a full length. much better studio this time.
you guys want soundbytes from the new pedal??? how about ... i'll be recording in stereo!!!! wet and dry channels wil be separated. this shud sound awesome.
i'll post links of the progress once we get going.
travis will get his first on-stage breaking in this friday ... i hope he doesnt poop. he'll be fine.
yeah ... this is a small gig at our drummers resturuant. its a good gig to break him in.
Hey man, whatever it takes to bring him up to speed!


text:
Arabic/عربي
Bahrain first in most air-polluted in the ME
Among Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan as top five centers of the world's most polluted cities
Thursday March 7th 2019 | 11:46 pm
Fadhel Al-Moamen - Translation
Bahrain is ranked first among the most air-polluted countries in the Middle East in the volume of small particulate matter (PM) in the air. This came in the World Air Quality Report issued by the IQAir AirVisual site.
The annual report found that Bahrain, 59.8 points, had the region's highest exposure to its newly introduced PM 2.5 criteria, which measures tiny airborne pollutants smaller than 2.5 microns and located in different parts of the world.
Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Bahrain occupied the top five centers of the world's most polluted cities, followed by Mongolia (6), Kuwait (7), Nepal (8), UAE (9) and Nigeria (10).
Finland, Australia, Estonia, and Sweden topped the top five, Norway (6), New Zealand (7), Canada (8), the United States (9) and Portugal (10).
Because of the small size of "PM 2.5" it is able to penetrate the respiratory system, and then the rest of the body, which may cause a wide range of adverse effects in human health in the short and long term. The report noted that air pollution is the biggest environmental threat to health, contributing to the premature death of 7 million people annually in the world.
"Contaminated air is the fourth most important cause of premature death globally. Air pollution is weighing on the global economy at an annual cost of $ 225 billion," stated the report
IQAir AirVisual noted that natural factors such as dust storms contribute to air pollution in the Middle East, but stressed that human activity in the region contributes significantly to air pollution, including emissions of oil refineries, power stations and fuel-powered transportation, High use of chemical compounds and burning of waste in open spaces.
The report explained that the Middle East includes cities and countries with the highest levels of "PM 2.5" in 2018, which exceeded in Kuwait and Manama and Dubai, the annual guidance of the World Health Organization more than 5 times.
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Preheat oven to 400°. In a large saucepan, saute onion in oil until tender. Stir in tomatoes and tomato sauce. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat; cover and simmer 5 minutes. Stir in beef, salt and pepper flakes. Cover and simmer 5 minutes. Add pasta; toss to coat.
Transfer to a greased 13x9-in. baking dish. Sprinkle with cheeses. Bake, uncovered, 20-25 minutes or until cheese is melted.
Outstanding! Great way to use leftover pot roast.


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TLC 30 Hour Endurance Challenge by British Troops in Afghanistan
British troops in Afghanistan plan to raise funds for the Teddies for Loving Care Appeal
The 30 Hour Endurance Challenge is due to take place on 28th - 29th July 2012 in the Gereshk camp (55m X 30m) in Northern Helmand Province, Afghanistan.
The troops which form 'Advisor 30', their call sign matrix (and hence the 30 hour challenge), is headed up by Bro Ally McMillan and they are a multi cap-badged group of soldiers representing the Royal Engineers, Grenadier Guards, Royal Signals, Royal Army Medical Corps, Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers (REME), Royal Logistic Corps (RLC), Intelligence Corps, Rifles, Regular and TA.
Throughout the 30 hour period someone from the call sign will be on the exercise bike and another on the cross trainer, each solider taking different shifts. This may not seem that onerous but it will take place whilst still continuing to maintain the camp routine and all tasking's at the time and in quite an austere setting. Temperatures at this time of year usually average 3 (90f) but can reach 40c (105f).
On the Saturday of the 28th July 2012 there will also be a charity cake sale taking place in the Market Square, Saffron Walden, Essex, UK, to mirror the event taking place in Afghanistan. This will be undertaken by Emma McMillan, Alistair's wife (also serving with the British Forces), and other 'Military Wives' and friends.
The original idea came from Staff Sergeant Alistair 'Mac' McMillan a bomb disposal officer based at the Wimbish Barracks, Saffron Walden, Essex UK. He felt that whilst in Afghanistan he should continue to help others back in the UK. The event is to raise money and awareness for the TLC Appeal who provides teddies or soft toys to A&E units for the medical staff to give, at their discretion, to children who are in severe distress, where the staff feel that a teddy to cuddle will help alleviate that distress, that will assist them in their urgent work.
Bro. Ally 'Mac' McMillan has ties with the charity both through masonic friends and a personal experience when his son was admitted to hospital at a young age. He wanted to give something back and raise awareness of the Charity itself. Alistair is a Scottish Mason who bacame a joining member of Walden Lodge No 1280 to enable him to continue with his masonry whilst away from his own Scottish Constitution. He is presently the Junior Warden of Walden Lodge and has helped raise large sums of money for the local Injured Soldiers Fund.
If you would like to sponsor 'Advisor 30' during this challenge, you can either download an information flyer or download a sponsorship form. If you have any questions please This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
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Ohtaki students and their families will continue to raise money for the town's exchange trip to Japan in July 2015.
For the past three months, the Ohtaki students and their families have been working proficiently to raise money for the town's exchange trip to Japan in July, 2015. The fundraising season began at the end of June with a hot dog sale in front of Country Grocer, which was a fantastic success. Throughout the summer, the students participating in the exchange went around to local neighbourhoods, as well as camp sites such as Gordon Bay Provincial Park and Lakeview Municipal Park to sell chocolate bars to the campers, who were generous enough to buy them by the hundreds.
Throughout the month of August students raised approximately $1,000. Both Simply Delicious and Purdy's chocolate bars were sold during the chocolate sales. Another fundraiser that was held in August was a bake sale at Junk in the Trunk, which raised $477 toward the exchange. Another bake sale was held on September 21st, at the last Junk in the Trunk of the year.
After Labour Day weekend, the fundraising moved into more physical work, in the form of the Cowichan Lake District Chamber of Commerce & Visitor Centre's metal drive. On several days throughout the first half of September, the students and their parents banded together to collect metal that was kindly donated by many local businesses and home owners. Four bins were filled over the course of less than two weeks. The metal drives for Ohtaki will be continuing on until the end of September, the bin being located at Beaver Lake Resort, about halfway between Lake Cowichan and Mesachie Lake. As of September 16, the three bins that have been cashed in so far have raised $980 for both the Ohtaki trip, as well as the Chamber of Commerce.
With 10 students participating in the cultural exchange, there are many more fundraisers left to complete in order to raise the sufficient funds of $25,000. The most recent and most successful of these was the bottle drive that was held behind the Visitor Centre on September 13, which raised $1,955.20 towards the trip in only six hours. Although it was by far the dirtiest of the fundraisers, it definitely paid off.
Be sure to be on the lookout for more fundraisers, as there will be many to come, and of a variety of different types, including, but not limited to: sales, more bottles drives, and possibly even a movie night.
A big thank you to everyone that has donated metal, bottles, cash, and their time to help give our local students an amazing opportunity to experience another culture that they might not have had otherwise.