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Em matemática, a transformada de Hankel é uma transformada integral bastante relacionada com a transformada de Fourier multidimensional, proposta pelo matemático alemão Hermann Hankel (ver também Lista de transformadas relacionadas à transformada de Fourier). Encontra aplicação na análise de problemas em que se verifica simetria em duas ou mais dimensões, permitindo a substituição de coordenadas cartesianas pelo raio polar; por exemplo, em duas dimensões, faz-se

e escreve-se f(r) em lugar de f(x,y), diminuindo-se a complexidade do problema. Um bom exemplo é a equação de Laplace, geralmente uma equação diferencial parcial em x e y, e que se torna uma equação diferencial ordinária em r quando expressa em coordenadas cilíndricas (ver exemplos).

Essa transformada é também conhecida como Transformada de Bessel, uma vez que o núcleo da transformação consiste em uma função de Bessel de primeira espécie.

A Transformada de Hankel relaciona-se de forma interessante com a Transformada de Fourier e a Transformada de Abel por meio do Teorema da projeção de fatia. As transformadas de transformada de Radon e de Tchebychev também podem ser relacionadas à transformada de Hankel (ver detalhes abaixo).

Definição

A transformada de Hankel de ordem ν de uma função f(t) é dada por:

onde Jν é a função de Bessel de primeira espécie de ordem ν, com ν ≥ −1/2. A transformada inversa de Hankel é dada por:

Verifica-se, assim, que a transformada é a sua própria inversa, o que se chama, em matemática, uma involução.

Em espaços multidimensionais, sob condições de simetria, a transformada de Hankel de dimensão n é dada por:

com

Em duas dimensões (n = 2), obtém-se a transformada de Hankel tradicional. Em uma dimensão (n = 1), obtém-se a Transformada de Fourier, após aplicarem-se as identidades

Definições alternativas
Definições ligeiramente diferentes podem ser encontradas na literatura especializada. Por exemplo, Howell (2000) e Piessens (2000) adotam as formas seguintes para a transformada e sua inversa:

Bracewell (2000) e Deans (2000) adotam a convenção preferida neste verbete.

Condições de existência
São condições suficientes (embora não necessárias) para a existência da integral (1a):
 que, para valores crescentes de t, f(t) decresça conforme , com
 que f'(t) seja contínua por partes no intervalo [0,∞] e
 que  para todo t.

Propriedades

Derivada

Dilatação do eixo

Divisão por t

Multiplicação por u

Operador diferencial de Bessel

Se , então

onde Δν é o operador diferencial de Bessel:

Teorema de Parseval
O teorema de Parseval tem uma fora ligeiramente alterada com relação a outras transformadas conhecidas, devido à geometria radial.

Também é relevante a propriedade

onde o símbolo * indica o conjugado complexo.

Convolução

Momentos

Relação com outras transformadas
A transformada de Hankel se relaciona com a transformada de Radon bidimensional  por meio da seguinte expressão, em forma de operadores:

Uma expressão similar vale para a transformada de Tchebychev

A transformada de Hankel de ordem 0 relaciona-se com as transformadas de Fourier e de Abel conforme a expressão conhecida como ciclo (ou anel) de transformadas de Abel-Fourier-Hankel:

onde o operador  denota a transformada de Abel e , a transformada identidade. Cumpre lembrar que a função bidimensional f(x,y), implícita na fórmula, precisa ser circularmente simétrica para que a transformação de Abel possa ser aplicada.

Outras transformações relacionadas

Transformada Finita de Hankel

A Transformada Finita de Hankel é definida como:

onde α é um zero positivo da função Jν(x). Se, por outro lado, α for um zero positivo da função g(x) = hJν(x) + xJ'ν(x), onde h é uma constante qualquer não-negativa, a equação (4a) define a chamada Transformada Finita de Hankel Modificada, KνM.

Uma notação usual para o n-ésimo zero da função Jν(x) é jν,n; uma notação usual para o n-ésimo zero da função hJν(x) + xJ'ν(x) é βν,n,h (ou mesmo apenas βν,n). Para h=0, α passa a ser um zero positivo da função J'ν(x), usualmente denotado por j'ν,n.

As transformações inversas são obtidas através das fórmulas

e

A propriedade importante dessas transformadas é a seguinte:

onde Δν é o operador diferencial de Bessel.

Transformada de Weber

Se em lugar do núcleo Jν(ut) for usada a função

onde Yν é a função de Bessel de segunda espécie de ordem ν, a equação

define a Transformada de Weber de ordem ν de f(t). A transformação inversa é dada por

A propriedade notável dessa transformada é a seguinte: se

então

Transformada multidimensional de Hankel
Uma fórmula geral para a transformada de Hankel em n dimensões, válida para situações onde exista a devida simetria, é a seguinte:

Essa fórmula pode ser usada para calcular a transformada de Hankel para n = 3. Com n = 2, a fórmula fornece a definição conhecida de . Com n = 1, obtém-se, após as devidas simplificações, a transformada de Fourier unidimensional.

Tabela de Transformadas de Hankel

Na maioria das vezes, devido ao fato de as funções de Bessel não serem expressas em forma fechada, a avaliação da Transformada de Hankel deve ser feita por métodos numéricos. Em alguns casos, entretanto, ela pode ser escrita como uma fórmula relativamente simples. As tabelas abaixo trazem alguns exemplos.

Exemplos de aplicação

Solução de equação diferencial parcial de Laplace

A transformada de Hankel pode auxiliar na solução da equação de Laplace

Suponhamos que as condições de contorno sejam

onde, devido à simetria, foram escolhidas coordenadas cilíndricas para a formulação. As equações (5a) e (5b) descrevem, por exemplo, o potencial elétrico V em um ponto qualquer (r,θ,z) do espaço tridimensional, causado por um disco eletrificado de raio unitário localizado no plano perpendicuar ao eixo Z e com centro na origem. O potencial do disco é igual a V0.

Para simplificar, novamente devido à simetria do problema, a coordenada polar θ pode ser omitida. A partir da equação do Laplaciano em coordenadas cilíndricas, (5a) se torna então

Aplicando a transformada de Hankel de ordem 0 a (5c), com relação à variável r, obtém-se

onde K0(u,z) é a transformada de Hankel de ordem 0 de V(r,z). A solução óbvia de (5d) é

A "condição de contorno" implícita

implica φ2 idênticamente nula. Assim, ao aplicar-se a transformada inversa a (5e), obtém-se

Aplicando (5f) às condições (5b), teremos

As expressões (5g) e (5h) formam um sistema de equações integrais de Fredholm do primeiro tipo. É conhecida a solução para o caso geral

que coincide com (5g) e (5h) se fizermos . Assim,

Mas

Fazendo ν = -½ na expressão acima e aplicando em (5i), temos

Lançando mão da identidade

temos

E a resposta do problema é

A expressão (5j) deve ser integrada numericamente para se obter o valor do potencial para cada ponto do espaço.

Notas

Transformadas
Análise harmônica
Transformadas integrais


text:
The African-American Cemetery, known historically as the Colored Cemetery, in the town of Montgomery, New York, United States, holds the graves of roughly 100 humans, mostly believed to be African slaves who were brought over by the earliest settlers of the region from the Rhenish Palatinate in the mid-18th century. It is located on NY 416 a tenth of a mile (160 m) north of the Interstate 84 crossing, near the Wallkill River.

All the originally marked graves that have been identified have had the stones used to mark them supplemented with small pipes. Only two have any kind of discernible inscription, one of which dates its occupant's passing to 1756.

The site had grown neglected until the town and private donors undertook to fix it up in the early 1990s. It was fully restored and rededicated, with a new wooden fence and explanatory plaque, in 1995.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

References

Cemeteries in Orange County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, New York
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Slavery in the United States
African-American history of New York (state)
African-American cemeteries in New York (state)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Diff visualization algorithm Is there any description of a diff/patch format visualization algorithm? (or maybe it is too trivial to be described)

A: The Rietveld code review tool has a lot of comments explaining its operation in its source code. Take particular notice of intra_regiion_diff.py and engine.py.

A: What diff tools produce as data is pretty basic:  "this line changed that way".
"Visualizing" that normally consists of showing the original code and the modified code side by side, with the "this line changed" indicated by marking the display text somehow.  Basically this means scrollable text windows with painted stripes of text.  Fancy versions will paint lines between the changed line in one window, and it corresponding line in another.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In the framework the term 'practitioner' is used generically to refer to anyone with responsibility for the provision of therapeutic play, play therapy and creative arts therapies for children and adolescents - persons under the age of 16. 'Practitioner' includes anyone undertaking the role(s) of therapist, counsellor, psychotherapist, trainer, educator, supervisor, researcher, provider of counselling skills or manager of any of these services. The term 'client' is used as a generic term to refer to the recipient of any of these services. The client may be an individual child, couple, family, group, organisation or other specifiable social unit. Alternative names may be substituted for 'practitioner' and 'client' in the practice setting, according to custom and context.


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Хосе́ Бартоломе́ Маси́ас (; 3 февраля 1901, Банфилд, Аргентина — 10 апреля 1966) — аргентинский футбольный рефери. Работал арбитром с 1928 по 1949 год. Считается одним из лучших арбитров в истории Аргентины.

Биография
Работал на матчах первого чемпионата мира. Провёл в качестве главного арбитра две встречи: США — Бельгия и США — Парагвай, став первым аргентинским арбитром, обслуживавшим матчи чемпионата мира. Также привлекался для судейства матчей Кубка Южной Америки на турнирах 1937, 1941, 1942, 1945 и 1946 года, является рекордсменом среди футбольных судей по этому показателю — 25 появлений на поле. Масиас чаще других арбитров судил матчи суперкласико (11 раз).

Умер в возрасте 63 лет от сердечного приступа.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Профиль на ceroacero
 Статистика на Worldreferee.com
 Статистика Хосе Масиаса на сайте European Football

Футбольные судьи Аргентины
Судьи чемпионата мира по футболу 1930
Судьи чемпионата Южной Америки по футболу 1937
Судьи чемпионата Южной Америки по футболу 1941
Судьи чемпионата Южной Америки по футболу 1942
Судьи чемпионата Южной Америки по футболу 1945
Судьи чемпионата Южной Америки по футболу 1946


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Stealing Home
Sprecher*inStina Nielsen
SerieSweet Magnolias (Teil 1)
RomaneLiebesromaneRomanceRomanceEnglishFiction
Maddie Townsend might live in a town called Serenity, but there's been nothing calm or peaceful about her life since her marriage broke up. This stay-at-home mom has no job skills, an out-of-control sixteen-year-old son, a talkative fourteen-year-old who's suddenly gone silent, a six-year-old daughter whose heart is broken, an ex-husband whose younger girlfriend is expecting their baby, and two best friends who think she's somehow qualified to help them open a fitness spa for women. But if Maddie is a tad on edge with all that on her plate, it's nothing compared to the chaos that ensues when she discovers that her son's baseball coach has feelings for her and the whole town disapproves. Maddie's faced a lot of challenges lately with strength and resolve, but Cal Maddox may turn out to be more than she can handle. Then again, he could just be the one man in all of South Carolina who can help her find serenity.
SpracheEnglisch
Erschienen13.5.2021
VerlagDreamscape Media, LLC
© Dreamscape Media, LLC (Hörbuch)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An artist's self-portrait is often one of the most penetrating examples of the genre. This is surely true, here. On first encounter, we acknowledge not much more than the presence of a well-groomed, mature, man. In no time, however, we note the head held high, the cool gaze and the economy with which the portrait has been conveyed. There is no flamboyance; no self-conscious intensity. There is just a quiet, dignified, very astute, gaze.
The portrait is presented in what we believe to be its original frame.


Bill Title: Relating to safe transport of hazardous materials; prescribing an effective date.
Catchline/Summary: Modifies requirements for content of State Fire Marshal plan for coordinated response to oil or hazardous material spills or releases that occur during rail transport.
Requires owners and operators of high hazard train routes to submit contingency plans to Department of Environmental Quality. Directs Environmental Quality Commission to adopt rules for preparation of contingency plans for high hazard train routes. Adds railroad cars to definition of "facility" for purposes of liability for oil spillage under oil or hazardous material spillage statutes. Defines "high hazard train route" and "listed sensitive area" for purposes of contingency plans. Requires proof of financial responsibility for high hazard train routes. Establishes High Hazard Train Route Oil Spill Prevention Fund. Specifies uses of fund. Requires Department of Environmental Quality to include listed sensitive areas along high hazard train routes in integrated, interagency response plan for oil or hazardous material spills in certain areas of state. Requires Department of Transportation to cooperate with office of State Fire Marshal and Department of Environmental Quality in coordinating development of single plan and procedure for regulation of transportation of hazardous material and waste and radioactive material and waste in Oregon. Becomes operative January 1, 2018. Takes effect on 91st day following adjournment sine die.


Alan Jillson "Bunny" Robinson, age 88, passed away at his home on Wednesday, February 6, 2013. Preceded in death by his wife of 51 years Leila Bridger Robinson; his parents William A. and Blanche J. Robinson and his brother Raymond H. Robinson. Survived by his children Barry A. Robinson, Beth R. Carroll and Linda R. Paquette; son in law Robert P. Carroll; grandchildren Brian A. Carroll, Bridget E. Carroll, Christian B. Paquette, Kelli C. Paquette and Paige L. Paquette; great grandchild Bailee R. Paquette, and his brother Kenneth B. Robinson. He graduated from Lusher Grammar School and Fortier High School and Riverside Military Academy before going to Tulane where he became Battalion Commander in the Naval ROTC Unit, as well as head cheerleader and President of Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. A veteran of WWII and the Korean Conflict. He was active in Civitan's while working in the family seafood canning business. The relatives and friends of the family are invited to attend the Memorial Visitation at Leitz-Eagan Funeral Home, 4747 Veterans Blvd., Metairie, LA on Friday, February 15, 2013 from 9:00 a.m. until 11:00 a.m. Private interment in Metairie Cemetery. In lieu of flowers donations the American Cancer Society or the American Heart Association preferred.


COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (March 14, 2018) – A trio of talented and successful women's basketball head coaches – Dan Hughes (Seattle Storm), Cheryl Reeve (Minnesota Lynx) and Jennifer Rizzotti (George Washington) – have been selected to serve as assistant coaches for the 2018 USA Basketball Women's National Team. The coaches will begin working with the USA National Team during its April 24-26 training camp in Seattle and return in September to aide USA head coach Dawn Staley (South Carolina) through the 2018 FIBA World Cup of Basketball. Hughes, Reeve and Rizzotti were selected by the USA Basketball Women's National Team Steering Committee and approved by the USA Basketball Board of Directors.
Additionally, the USA Basketball Women's National Team Player Selection Committee has increased the USA National Team pool to 34 athletes. The six additions attended the USA's Feb. 9-11 training camp. The 2018 USA World Cup Team is expected to be selected from the USA National Team pool, and the 2018 FIBA World Cup will be held Sept. 22-30 in Tenerife, Spain.
The six additions to the USA National Team pool are: Allisha Gray (Dallas Wings); Chelsea Gray (Los Angeles Sparks); Tiffany Mitchell (Indiana Fever); Brittney Sykes (Atlanta Dream); Sydney Wiese (Los Angeles Sparks); and Elizabeth Williams (Atlanta Dream).
"Anytime that you take on such a great task of trying to build on the success of USA Basketball, you have to have staff chemistry," said Staley. "I've worked with all three, so that's instant chemistry. We know how each other operates, and everybody works in a first class and a high-energy way, and I see us taking the reins of what previous staffs have accomplished into a successful World Cup appearance.
"The committee selected these three coaches because we felt that they were not only successful coaches with their own teams, but have solid USA Basketball experiences," said Carol Callan, chair of the USA Women's National Team Steering Committee and USA Basketball Women's National Team director. "When contemplating their selection we knew that we wanted to put together a coaching staff that covers all areas of team preparation and one that has great staff chemistry. Not only do these three possess a wealth of basketball knowledge, they work well together and will compliment Dawn's coaching style. All three have had a large hand in the past successes of various USA national teams, whether it be as a coach or committee member, and they possess a deep knowledge of the international game. We feel very strongly that this coaching staff has what it takes to help lead the USA to another FIBA World Cup gold medal.


text:
by carlalevine23
Planets Grade:
The Mars One mission is beneficial to people on Earth.
The goal of Mars one is to send 24 people to Mars. The mission starts in 2018 where two people are launched. They are estimated to arrive in 2024, Every two years two people will be sent to mars and start a colony.
Money for the Mars One mission is made through sponsorships, and advertisements.
Going to Mars is benefical for many reasons. For example, life on Mars will start huge developments invovoving recycling, solar enegry, food production and advancement of medical technology.Living on Mars may allow a person to live longer. This is because, on Mars people will be eating healtheir because all the food is organic. Also, there are no pesticides. Additonally, there is no chance of getting into a motor vehicle accident.
There were over two thousand applicants applying for the Mars One mission. But only one hundred have been chosen for the final which will be narrowed down to thirty three.
With the Mars one mission people on Earth could have a solution to overpopulation. This is because if people are able to live on Mars then there will be less people living on Earth.


As a result, organizations of all sizes are seeking digital HR transformation to enable a high-performance delivery model. It needs to support competing for, attracting, developing, and retaining top talent by providing next generation HR capabilities. Now more than ever, HR is playing a critical role in enabling businesses to remain competitive in what is arguably the most challenging labor market in decades.
However, there is still a great deal of opportunity in process optimization within HR and payroll delivery models where historically, teams have operated in a highly manual, labor-intensive, and often imperfect environment. So it's no surprise that intelligent technologies like robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) are steadily increasing in demand as organizations seek to leverage the advancing capabilities to drive HR delivery model efficiency and effectiveness, support scalability, and lower costs.
While HR leaders' curiosity and demand for advancing technology is steadily increasing across all industries, most do not know what is possible or where to begin. Investments in RPA initiatives for HR are primarily being taken on by enterprise-sized organizations since automation programs can handle high volumes of employees and transactions, high HR operating costs, and deep pools of HR data. Therefore, unless an organization has a sizable population and the means to support internal RPA programs, achieving a case for investing in automation for HR's unique needs is more challenging.
The breadth of current investments and the advancement of automation capabilities in HR is primarily coming from HR service partners. Those in the space are fundamentally pioneering the advancement of RPA and AI, and directly impacting the digitalization of HR, enabling organizations of all sizes to access turnkey HR automation programs without the need for major investments.
NelsonHall's research finds that RPA and AI capability in HR is in the early stages of maturity but progressing quickly as early adopters work to solve the most common and impactful use cases first. While cost reduction is a key consideration, it is not currently the primary driver. Organizations are focused on delivering enhanced HR outcomes and user experiences across the HR delivery model.
HR service partners have only begun to impact their full suite of HR processes through automation, with most automating less than 10 percent of processes to date. At this stage, talent management leads the way for RPA and AI advancement, with recruiting currently leading all other HR towers in the maturity of RPA and AI adoption due to high demand for enhanced candidate experiences to attract top talent. The highly complex nature of payroll and benefits administration has led to slower RPA adoption. However, HR service partners are rapidly developing automation that reduces the risks of these critical processes, with multiple major players in the payroll space actively investing in and progressing toward a fully autonomous payroll processing solution.
Organizational adoption of RPA and AI vary widely, with the highest levels achieved by more mature HR service lines, like recruiting, compared to less mature HR service lines like payroll. HR service partners expect to increase the use of automation by client organizations in the coming year. Nearly 40 percent that have yet to reach their entire client base expect to achieve this over the next 12 to 18 months.
exploring the use of blockchain capabilities in HR processes.
NelsonHall expects that organizational adoption of RPA and AI in HRO will escalate steadily, with solutions addressing the full spectrum of HR processes. Currently, nearly 80 percent of HR service partners indicate an increase in demand for their primary HR services as a result of organizations seeking to incorporate more intelligent technology capabilities in their HR delivery models. Service partners in the recruitment process outsourcing (RPO) space are seeing as much as five times the number RFPs and cite a significant increase in wins for RPO services as a result.
Stand-alone "HR automation as a service" offerings will likely become common in the marketplace, offering clients the ability to license the capability and operate independently or a mix of point solutions and offerings. In fact, in October, the market saw the introduction of the first HR specific RPA-as-a-Service offering targeted to the middle market buyer.
Pete Tiliakos is principal analyst of HRO for NelsonHall.


Pheby has just brought me your letter; for the postman by an unaccountable whim, chose to convey it to your house instead of ours.
Thank you, my Mamma, for the anxieties you was in to hear from me; and ten thousand times I thank you for the affectionate concern you take in the happiness of your girl; the obligations I owe to you are inexpressible, and I sink under the weight of them; how unworthy am I of the tender preference which you give me; yet if the most ardent, the most faithful friendship which ever animated the human heart, can in any degree repay them, it is yours – your s forever! never will I cease to love you, till I cease to exist.
The affair which I mentioned to you in my last letter, remains much in the same situation; a meeting is appointed early in the approaching week, between my mamma, Mr Hills, Mr Davis, and Mr Eccles,1 in which I suppose something will be determined on. God grant success! Gifford is indeed a sordid wretch, and unworthy the sacred title of friend. – Mr Hills was as much surprized at his refusal, as you possibly could be, and desired another friend of his, who is a relation of Mr. Gifford's, to ask him (not as from our family), whether he had any reason for his denial? He said "none at all, but that it was inconvenient to him, for that he knew Mr Eccles to be a very worthy, sober young man, and heartily wished him success." How very selfish is he then; how cruel; for when my Eccles appeared dejected, and distressed at his excuses, and told him he had deprived him of all hopes of happiness, and that he would quit the kingdom, he said coolly, "it would be the best thing he could do." But enough of this man; I will not sully my paper by mentioning him any more. I hope we shall be able to do without his assistance.
You cannot imagine what a splendid excursion I had yesterday; Miss Dunkin, my sister Betsy, Mr Eccles and myself were the party; we walked to the Isle of St Helena,2 and had a sillibub; the weather was delightful beyond expression; the gardens enchanting; the society most pleasing; your girl was in such spirits, she was quite a little made thing; so playful and sportive, that I felt as if I had wings, and walked on air. I am in love with the country, and feel its powers just as the poets paint them; don't smile, I am not such an ignoramus as you think me.
I must bid my Mamma good-night, as it begins to grow dark, and I have several things to do before supper. – May the angel of peace watch over you, prays your own Maria.
Monday morn: I am just expiring with heat; how is it at Tinwell? Much the same I dare say; yet the weather is so exceeding pleasant, that I can hardly wish it less warm. Do you know, my dear Mamma, I am in so stupid a humor this morning, that I fear I shall tire you with my insipidity; I am fit for nothing at this moment but to lie me down on the sopha and indulge; this is the natural consequence of the weather; don't you always find it so? We have so much company coming this afternoon that I dread the idea of it. I think Miss –– a most agreeable woman, she looks sentiment and sensibility; I very much admire her; how infinitely superior is she to Mrs –– there is not a comparison between them; there is something in the latter so pert, so vulgar, so unfeeling, that I cannot endure her; she says: "she never knew what it was to be low spirited in her life." I envy not her insensibility; rather would I suffer all the pain and anguish of the affectionate and impassioned heart. I know your sentiments coincide with your girl's on this subject.
You give a very pretty account of the Hamford Misses. – Miss Johnson must not think of displaying her airs there, she will be totally eclipsed; though she seems to possess so large a share of vanity, that she will not be sensible of it. Are not such people very happy? For it must give equal satisfaction to themselves, to possess every accomplishment in idea, as in reality.
When do you expect Mrs Brooke at Tinwell?3 I hope she will be there before your return, and that from a very selfish motive; for indeed I cannot allow of intruders when I get you to London again; ah! when will that time arrive? But don't answer me for I dread to know. You must not let Miss Roberts know the day; I do not like her coming home with you; I always think her presence a check on the affectionate emotions of my dear Mamma's heart; you really have spoilt me for all society but your own; when I go into your company, I feel a void, which you have used me to; no one seems to take that lively interest in whatever concerns me; however, few are capable of friendship! hardly one in a thousand. I never think of you and Mrs Digby, without revering the long and faithful attachment which has subsisted between you; is it not then the height of presumption in such a young thing as I am, to solicit a second place in a friendship so sacred, so long tried? I plead guilty; but yet cannot repent, nor ever will attempt to reform; I must therefore throw myself on your mercy.
Adieu! my dearest Mamma. All friends desire to be remembered to you. Make my compliments acceptable to Mrs Digby. I shall expect to hear from you on saturday, don't delay it, for I cannot give up that day entirely. My Eccles desired to be most cordially remembered to you; God bless him and you; the heart of your Maria is divided between you!
1 Brooks, Correspondence 216-17; Wedd, Love Letters 196-98. Wedd's title: "Mary to Mrs. Collier."
2 Thomas Hills (1753-1803) married Sarah Hays, Mary's sister, in 1776. The Mr. Davis remains unidentified.
2 Not to be confused with the Isle of St. Helena, the reference here is to the St. Helena Gardens of Rotherite, which opened in 1770 and continued into the early 1880s when they gave way to increased London urban development. Music and dancing were added to the garden's evening attractions in 1776.
3 Frances Brooke, friend of Mrs. Collier and author of Mary's favorite novel at this time, Emily Montague, was visiting Tinwell.


Some supposedly leaked gameplay footage of Mass Effect: Andromeda has surfaced that indicates that gamers will be able to get around the sometimes harsh landscapes across various planets using a jetpack.
Gamespot picked up the news from a post over on Neogaf where they claim they managed to get footage of the upcoming Mass Effect: Andromeda. If you check the thread the video has been deleted off YouTube (as is typical with most leaked footage) but some managed to capture the important parts of the video in gif format. You can check out barely a second of the fuzzy, low-resolution clip via gif below.
So what exactly are we looking at here? Well, if the footage is real, we see that the new protagonist can leap up over small rooftops and quickly traverse through the landscape with just one small boost.
It's more of a vertical leap than a Jango Fett-style rocket boost. We can know for sure that it's a small boost only because he has to use it twice to get on top of the roof of that circular hut.
Also, given that there doesn't appear to be any indicators for the jetpack's usage, I'm under the impression that this particular upgrade in Mass Effect: Andromeda has static use in small intervals. So you don't get to burn x amount of fuel to boost longer or a charge pack to increase the boost.
Now, knowing that this is a third-person shooter first and an RPG second, I would presume that there would be jetpack upgrades. I would imagine there are probably packs with actual boosts with longer burn times. Then again, I could be completely wrong and this could end up being just another basic jetpack upgrade with the maximum amount of functionality that we see in the gif above.
One thing that's pointed out in the Gamespot article is that infamous leaker Shinobi602 has chimed in about the leaked footage, explaining that this is actually from an internal demo from all the way back in 2014. If that's the case then it's possible that over the past two years the jetpack feature in Mass Effect: Andromeda could be a very detailed and expansive mechanic with a lot of different jetpack options. I'm definitely hoping for the latter.
The gameplay, however, from the clip appears to definitely fit the recent survey's description of it being primarily a shooter. The survey also revealed that the upcoming Mass Effect title will see humans as the aggressors, attempting to colonize and take over a planet from an alien species.
We don't know exactly what the details are surrounding what made humans decide to become the space punks of the galaxy, but I'm sure they'll cover all of the nitty gritty details on what happened following the Reaper invasion back in Mass Effect 3.
A lot of gamers are excited, but reservedly so. There's this apprehension that BioWare could end up pulling another Mass Effect 3 with this game, so there's cautious optimism surrounding the hype machine. The next game in the series is expected to go live for the Xbox One, PS4 and PC in early 2017.


This is a guest post by Dwayne Morris. He is the author of The Outrageous Life, a speaker and consultant, who also serves on the staff of his local church. You can read his blog or follow him on Twitter.
"Readers are leaders and leaders are readers." I can remember when and where I heard that phrase for the first time. It was at a Campus Crusade meeting on a Thursday night in Hardin Hall on the campus of Clemson University.
I'm not sure why those words are burned into my mind, but this quote took my leadership to the next level. Soon after, I started soaking up anything I could find on the topic of leadership.
As I began this component of my leadership development, I reasoned, "Why would anyone read this stuff without the means of sharing and revisiting it from time to time?" I could not understand why anyone would read through a book without a pen and/or highlighter.
To read a book just to say you read it simply baffled me. I understand we all have different learning styles, but unless you have a photographic memory, there is no way you can retrieve what you have read in less than sixty seconds. I knew I needed a way to keep the golden nuggets of leadership within reach.
The next defining moment in my "readership journey" came when I met Steve Wright. Steve is an author, speaker, Student Minister and all things leadership. He shared with me how most of his creativity and teaching material came from what he was reading.
Read good books. This may be a no-brainer, but I don't read arbitrary books. If someone hasn't recommended a title or author, I don't touch it. This is where crowd-sourcing is a key component to my leadership development. Hence, I'm currently finishing up Platform: Get Noticed in a Noisy World.
Never read without a pen and/or highlighter. If you are reading good books and your intent for reading is to learn, then you need to be ready to mark those nuggets when you find them.I understand this might push some of my OCD friends over the edge, but trust me, the librarian will not show up on your door step demanding a fee for damaged books. Not to mention that studies have revealed that you tend to read faster when you use a pen to help pace your eyes along the text.
Finish the book and rewind. When I complete a book, I'm only halfway to the finish line. My next step is to go back to the beginning and revisit the principles, illustrations, and examples that caught my attention the first time through.As I re-read those sentences or paragraphs, I search for a key word that would identify the topic it addresses and circle it. If I am not able to find that word, I will write a word in the margin.
Cut and paste. Hold on, you are almost finished. My last step is to look at the book I have processed and determine how many blank pages are in the front and back, covers included. I also measure the dimensions of those pages. This is critical as I want the pages of my index to fit inside the book.I will modify the settings for my margins to match the dimensions for the book. Once this is done, I determine how many pages my index created and make sure I have enough blank pages in the book. If not, I will adjust font size and even font type to make sure all of my index pages will fit. Finally, I'll grab some rubber cement and paste these pages on the blank pages of my book.
But wait, there's one more step. As I began this process, it occurred to me that I needed a Master Index of the books I complete. This allows me to see all of the books I have read that mention a particular topic. So if I need material on Social Media, I can see which books and authors reference Social Media.
Question: Do you have a method for retaining and retrieving what you read? You can leave a comment by clicking here.


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И́ржи Во́лькер (; 29 марта 1900, Просниц (ныне Простеёв, Чехия) — 3 января 1924, там же) — чешский поэт-лирик.

Биография

Родился в Простеёве, в зажиточной семье Фердинанда Волькера. В юности участвовал в скаутских лагерях под началом Антонина Свойсика.

Учился в гимназии в родном городе, после чего с 1919 изучал право в Праге, однако его более занимали литературные лекции Зденека Неедлы и Франтишка Шалды. Участник учредительного съезда Коммунистической партии Чехословакии 1921. Был тесно связан с авангардной группой деятелей культуры «Девятисил».

Сборники его стихов: «Гость в доме» (Host do domu), «Тяжёлый час» (Těžká hodina), «Посмертные стихотворения» (Pozůstalost), а также поэма «Святой Копечек» (Svatý Kopeček), написанные в период 1918—1923, являются значительным вкладом в чешскую поэзию. В своих стихах Волькер уделял внимание главным образом проблеме этики («Баллада о глазах кочегара», «Баллада о неродившемся ребёнке» и др.). Творчество Волькера оказало значительное влияние на чешскую литературу.

Умер от туберкулёза.

Библиография
 Dílo Jiřího Wolkera. — Praha. 1926.
 Götz F.: Jasnící se horízont. — Praha. 1926.
 Šalda F. X.: O nejmladší poesii české. — Praha. 1928
 Václavek B.: Od umění k tvorbě. — Praha. 1928.

Издания на русском языке

 Избранное. М.-Л.: Гослитиздат, 1949
 Час рожденья. М., Гослитиздат, 1962
 Возвращение домой. Стихи чешских поэтов / Сост. Давид Самойлов. М.: Детская литература, 1972

Ссылки

 Об одной загадке в творчестве Иржи Волькера, С. Никольский // Вопросы литературы. - 1957 - №9. - C. 166-188

Примечания

Писатели Чехии
Поэты Чехии
Чешские поэты
Умершие от туберкулёза
Члены Коммунистической партии Чехословакии


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Home > Price Guide > Between $40.00 & $69.99 > Lawyer Sculpture
Lawyer Sculpture
The Lawyer Sculpture is seven inches tall and six inches wide. Weighing two pounds, it's an ideal size to occupy a spot on your shelf or small table. Buy the figure as a gift for a lawyer friend or family member, or for yourself! Visitors as well as you will admire the detail that went into it. The sculpture is made up of around 40 components, with parts including spokes, nuts, sheet metal, a sprocket, a spark plug, and a nail. Each one takes 2.5 hours to complete. As with all of the MetalSouls products, it's solid and not easy to break, as it is professionally welded. The metal is protected by a special coating that keeps these unique sculptures attractive for years. Size: 7"H x 4"D x 6"W Weight: 2.0 lbs Parts Used: Sprocket, Spokes, Spark plug, Nail, Nuts, Sheet metal, and etc... Moving Parts: None Number of components approximately: 40 Time to create: 2.5 hrs * Because they are made from recycled materials, availability of some parts are limited; as a result, some sculptures may slightly vary from the ones in our photographs. Get yours while supplies last, as we make only a limited number of each at a given time depending on the parts that are available to us.
http://www.metalsouls.com/pr014.html
The Lawyer Sculpture is seven inches tall and six inches wide. Weighing two pounds, it's an ideal size to occupy a spot on your shelf or small table. Buy the figure as a gift for a lawyer friend or family member, or for yourself! Visitors as well as you will admire the detail that went into it. The sculpture is made up of around 40 components, with parts including spokes, nuts, sheet metal, a sprocket, a spark plug, and a nail. Each one takes 2.5 hours to complete. As with all of the MetalSouls products, it's solid and not easy to break, as it is professionally welded. The metal is protected by a special coating that keeps these unique sculptures attractive for years.
Size: 7"H x 4"D x 6"W
Parts Used: Sprocket, Spokes, Spark plug, Nail, Nuts, Sheet metal, and etc...
Moving Parts: None
Product Reviews for Lawyer Sculpture


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Newport community information
In early December 2006, petrol odours were identified emanating from a stormwater drain near the corner of Challis and Market Streets, Newport, Victoria.
Following extensive investigations and excavation work, a small hole was found in the No 1 Product Pipeline which transports petrol between the Mobil Altona Refinery and the fuel terminals in Yarraville/Newport. The pipeline was repaired prior to Christmas 2006.
Mobil is now undertaking extensive work to clean up the affected area. This work began in December 2006, and is being done in close liaison with the EPA and the Hobsons Bay Council, among other authorities.
An independent environmental auditor has been appointed to oversee this work, and has prepared an environmental audit report that is available from the EPA. The report states that:
there is no imminent risk of an environmental hazard in the area;
there are no current health concerns for the community from soil or groundwater which may have been impacted by petrol;
the remediation strategy proposed by Mobil is generally sound and appropriate;
soil impacts are limited to services trenches around the original release site; and
comprehensive air quality monitoring has been conducted and there are no issues for residential areas.
Our community hotline (1800 659 527) is available 24 hours, 7 days a week to receive calls and arrange for answers to your questions.
These fact sheets offer information on a range of topics relating to the leak, and the progress we are making to clean up the site.
Newport groundwater treatment system fact sheet
PDF/0.39 MB
Newport pipeline maintenance fact sheet
ExxonMobil Environment Policy
Emissions reductions
All our plants have programs aimed at minimising energy consumption and flaring which directly reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Environment Article •
Adelaide Refinery
The former Adelaide Refinery at Port Stanvac, located south of Adelaide near Lonsdale, was demolished in early 2014 and a project is underway to remediate the site to a standard suitable for future industrial use.
Environmental support
ExxonMobil's commitment to environmental responsibility goes beyond compliance with regulatory requirements.
Australia Sustainability Highlights report
ExxonMobil Australia has released its local Sustainability Highlights report for 2017.
PFAS investigations at Longford Plants
Esso Australia Pty Ltd (Esso) has been undertaking a range of environmental investigations across the Longford Plants and surrounding landholdings to investigate the occurrence of a group of chemicals known as PFAS (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances).


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Rural round-up
Save water and cut effluent – Richard Rennie:
A partnership between Ravensdown and Lincoln University has unveiled technology its creators believe will reduce farm effluent loads significantly while also saving billions of litres of fresh water.
ClearTech, launched this week, has taken the dairy industry's two biggest issues, effluent losses and water consumption and dealt with both through a combination of simple water purification principles, managed by a computerised controller.
ClearTech puts a coagulant into the effluent when a farm dairy yard is hosed down. It causes the effluent particles to cluster together and sink, leaving most of the water clear and usable.
Ravensdown effluent technology manager Jamie Thompson said there are challenges to getting effluent to clot given the variable pH, turbidity and content of the waste on any given day. . .
Dairying unexpected but welcome career choice – Nicole Sharp:
Southland-Otago Dairy Manager of the Year Jaime McCrostie talks at the recent regional field day at the Vallelys' property, near Gore, about her journey in the dairy sector.
Jaime McCrostie never thought she would end up dairy farming.
She grew up on a sheep farm and it was her neighbour who taught her how to milk cows.
She has travelled all over the world and worked in a range of industries, but always seems to come back to the dairy industry. . .
A new deal will see MediaWorks broadcast New Zealand's longest running agricultural contest the FMG Young Farmer of the Year. https://t.co/DypZe30L6c pic.twitter.com/hi2ruJ8Zbt
— YoungFarmeroftheYear (@FMG_YFoftheYear) May 4, 2018
MediaWorks to broadcast Grand Final of 50th FMG Young Farmer of the Year:
A new deal will see MediaWorks broadcast New Zealand's longest running agricultural contest the FMG Young Farmer of the Year.
Under the agreement, an edited version of the 50th Grand Final of the iconic contest will be broadcast on ThreeNow.
ThreeNow is MediaWorks' free video on-demand streaming service available on smart TVs and mobile devices.
MediaWorks' Head of Rural, Nick Fisher, said the broadcaster is proud to be partnering with NZ Young Farmers to produce the programme. . .
Tribute paid upon receiving award – Pam Jones:
An Alexandra man has received national recognition for his services to irrigation in Central Otago, but has paid tribute to the work of "two extraordinary women" as well.
Gavin Dann was one of two recipients of a 2018 Ron Cocks Award from Irrigation New Zealand during its conference in Alexandra recently, for his leadership of the Last Chance Irrigation Company (LCIC) and his work to establish a community drinking water supply.
Mr Dann had been the "driving force" behind a number of initiatives to improve the Last Chance company's operations, supporting the scheme for more than 40 years, Irrigation New Zealand chairwoman Nicky Hyslop said. . .
Students seeing the semen harvest at Xcell Breeding Ltd. The start of the breeding cycle! #growingabetterworld, #rabobankfarmexperience pic.twitter.com/jpEfHEjMUN
— David Clarke (@DavidClarkeRabo) April 26, 2018
Landcorp board gets a refresh – Neal Wallace:
Former Landcorp chairwoman Traci Houpapa was available for reappointment but missed out because the shareholding ministers wanted to refresh the state-owned enterprise's board, she says.
Her eight-year term on the board, of which three were as chairwoman, has come to an end, along with three other directors, Nikki Davies-Colley, Pauline Lockett and Eric Roy.
Houpapa accepted her appointment was at the behest of the Ministers of State Owned Enterprises Winston Peters and Finance Grant Robertson.
The newly appointed directors are Nigel Atherfold, Hayley Gourley and Belinda Storey.
She said the Landcorp she joined eight years ago was very different to the one she has just left, with a different strategy, focus and operating model. . .
Regional fuel tax will add to the cost of food:
Regional fuel tax legislation, as it stands, is likely to add costs to fresh fruit and vegetables for consumers.
Today, Horticulture New Zealand spoke to the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee about its written submission on the Land Transport Management (Regional Fuel Tax) Amendment Bill, that is endorsed and supported by a further 18 organisations.
"While in principle, we agree with measures to reduce road congestion in Auckland, we believe there are un-intended consequences of the Bill as it stands; these could include increases to the prices of healthy, fresh fruit and vegetables," Horticulture New Zealand chief executive Mike Chapman says. . . . .
Bull finishing farm steered towards a sale:
One of Northland's most substantial bull finishing farms has been placed on the market for sale.
The 400-hectare property is located on the western outskirts of the township of Kawakawa in the Mid-North, and is held over 24 individual titles in three blocks. The farm's topography consists of 268 hectares of rolling to medium-contour grazing paddocks, and 108 hectares of flat land – allowing for tractor-access to 95 percent of the property.
The farm also contains 24 hectares of mature pruned pine trees ready for harvesting, and estimated to be worth in the region of $360,000. The freehold farm has been owned by three generations of the Cookson family. . .
Looking for the 'pot'ato of gold!!! pic.twitter.com/IeV1HH56HY
— Jon Priestley (@Priestleyfarms) April 27, 2018
Delegat has record 2018 harvest, driven by increase in NZ grapes – Jonathan Underhill:
(BusinessDesk) – Delegat Group, New Zealand's largest listed winemaker, says it had a record harvest this year, driven by an increase in New Zealand grapes, while its Australian harvest fell.
The Auckland-based company said the 2018 harvest rose to a record 40,059 tonnes, as grapes collected in New Zealand rose 10 percent to 38,012 tonnes. The Australia harvest for Barossa Valley Estate fell to 2,047 tonnes from 2,760 in 2017.
"The 2018 vintage has delivered excellent quality in all regions," managing director Graeme Lord said in the statement. . .
1 Comment	| business, education, environment, Farming, food, rural	| Tagged: Belinda Storey, ClearTech, Cookson family, Delegat Group, Eric Roy, FMG Young Farmer of the Year, Gavin Dann, Graeme Lord, Hayley Gourley, Horticulture NZ, IrrigationNZ (INZ), Jamie McCrostie, Jamie Thompson, Jim Rose, Jonathan Underhill, Landcorp, Lanst Chance Irrigation Company (LCIC), Lincoln University, Mediaworks, Mike Chapman, Neal Wallace, Nicky Hyslop, Nicole Sharp, Nigel Atherfold, Nikki Davies-Colley, Pauline Lockett, Pauline Lockett Nikki Davies-Colley, Ravensdown, regional fuel tax, Richard Rennie, Ron Cocks Memorial Award, ThreeNow, Traci Houpapa	| Permalink
Best intentions worst results
LIving Wage advocates want employers to pay a minimum of $20.20 an hour from July.
The rate, more than $4 above the adult minimum wage, is at the level needed to provide families with the necessities, they say.
How many jobs will that cost?
The current Living Wage, of $19.80 has already cost 17 jobs at Wellington City Council according to a report by Jim Rose for the Taxpayers' Union.
The report's key findings were:
Seventeen Wellington City Council employees lost their jobs after being under the skill level required for the living wage.
Councils hire on merit, so candidates under the skill level commensurate with the living wage will be crowded out by higher-skilled candidates.
There is no consensus or scientific basis for the calculation of a living wage. Any calculations are politically subjective.
Any living wage in New Zealand will be abated by up to 40% by decreases in government transfers and increased income tax obligations.
Living wages shift the burden from means-tested taxpayers to ratepayers and business owners.
Below-living-wage employment allows for in-work training, where employees trade off lower wages for the opportunity to learn skills that increase their future earning potential.
Living Wage Aotearoa New Zealand nobly want to alleviate poverty and reduce unemployment with their activism for a living wage, but the evidence to date shows they are achieving the exact opposite. This report shows that a living wage will only make it harder for low wage earners to find work.
Contrary to intentions, living wage policies actually hurt the very people they seek to help. For the first time, we reveal that seventeen parking wardens lost their jobs at the Wellington City Council as a result of its living wage policy.
Living wage policies mean higher-skilled candidates apply for jobs previously occupied by lower-skilled candidates. Of course councils will hire on merit and shortlist the candidates who previously would never have applied for the lower, pre-living wage role. That's exactly what happened when Wellington City Council brought its parking services in-house.
Minimum wage applicants do not get a shot against better-qualified candidates attracted by the higher wages. So much for the poverty alleviation and reduced unemployment.
The economic theory is clear that living wages do more harm than good, but the job losses in Wellington is the proof in the pudding. Councils should stop implementing these living wage policies which achieve so little but cost ratepayers who can ill afford it.
Living wage policies mean ratepayers pay more for less and achieve none of the intended poverty relief.
Those are very damning conclusions, but not surprising.
The Living Wage is based on what someone thinks a family of four needs to have a reasonable life.
It bears no relation to individual employee's needs, ability or performance.
I have several reservations about Working For Families but it is a better way to help low income workers with dependent children than the living wage which takes no account of the value of their work.
The full report is here.
Leave a Comment »	| employment, politics	| Tagged: Jim Rose, living wage, New Zealand Taxpayers' Union, Working for Families	| Permalink
Too little and too much
Labour leader Andrew Little still wants to stiff-arm banks:
. . . 'I stand by the stance I took, which is to get very heavy-handed with the banks. Because the truth is when the banks fail to follow the signal that the Reserve Bank is sending, that's keeping money out of the back pockets of ordinary Kiwis, and I will always fight for their interests and for their rights. If the banks don't want to play ball when it comes to the way we run our monetary policy, actually, there's only one outfit that can really take them on, and that's the government.'. . .
The Reserve Bank is independent because it's not the government's role to set interest rates.
Retail banks are independent businesses and it's not the government's role to tell them what interest rates they should charge.
Interest rates are at historically low levels. They are higher in New Zealand than in many other countries which is partly a reflection on overseas investors' perception of our economic and political stability.
That would be threatened by any stiff-arming of banks by government.
State intervention would also make business more risky for banks, the lenders and their borrowers.
Little's not the only politician on the left who wants the government to get involved in banking.
Green co-leader James Shaw wants it to give $100m to Kiwibank which Prime Minister John Key described as dangerous:
He told Morning Report he did not support the idea, as the bank would be asked to make "non-commercial loans" – putting it in a weak position.
He said the Greens were using a state-owned enterprise (SOE) to bring about a policy goal.
"But to do that would be highly dangerous, because what you will end up doing is being in a position where you're effectively asking them to make non-commercial loans, and potentially non-commercial returns."
Mr Key said that would be "very poor public policy" and could lead you to a situation where the bank had to be bailed out. . .
Jim Rose at Utopia points out other flaws:
Note well that the $100 million capital injection is to expand in to commercial banking. More aggressive passing on of interest rate cuts may jeopardise credit ratings if this lowers the profitability of KiwiBank. KiwiBank has an A- rating. . .
KiwiBank is minnow in the mortgage market and a pimple in commercial lending. Rapid business expansion is risky in any market, much less in banking. . .
The proposal to use KiwiBank to lower mortgage rates does not add up. KiwiBank does not pay much in the way of dividends to fund such a foray. KiwiBank is already far more leveraged than any other New Zealand major bank.
Rob Hosking points out that while the policy might have political appeal it is bad economics:
Somewhat lost in all this is the risk of a policy that will encourage New Zealanders to take on more debt. . .
New Zealand's current account deficit has been there since 1974 and although it is now lower than the peak it reached a decade ago, it is still firmly in the red.
The Scandinavian and North European countries might be running larger household debts on their balance sheets, but these are internally funded: Norway and the Netherlands, for example, are running current account surpluses of around 10% of GDP as opposed to New Zealand's 3% of GDP deficit.
So they can afford to run up those debts.
New Zealand cannot. And a drive to push interest rates down – a taxpayer-funded drive no less – sounds more than a little foolish given New Zealand's long-standing economic and financial vulnerabilities. . .
Shaw's suggestion of $100m sounds like a lot of money and it is far too much for taxpayers but it wouldn't be enough to help many people.
Besides, if people can't borrow money at the current very low rates, it would be a dangerous move for them, the banks, any other creditors and the wider economy, to try to make it easier.
When Labour was in power in the 1980s interest rates were higher than 20%. When it was in power in the noughties, interest rates were in double figures, well above current rates.
There were several reasons for that and the big one which politicians could have influenced was high government spending and mismanagement of public money.
If Little and Shaw want to keep interest rates low they should be supporting the current government's efforts to keep a tight rein on its spending and developing policies which would continue that.
That is far better policy than either stiff-arming banks or using more taxpayers' money to prop up Kiwibank.
22 Comments	| business, politics	| Tagged: Andrew Little, James Shaw, Jim Rose, John Key, Kiwibank, Reserve Bank, Rob Hosking	| Permalink
More than a little stupid
Mirror, Mirror on the wall, which is stupidest of all?
Strong arming banks and legislation was rightly met with indignation.
Then came 200 bucks for "free", funded from tax paid by you and me.
And now you want the flag to change by whatever process you arrange.
If you think you're going to pick it, you know just where you can stick it.
March hasn't been a good month for Andrew Little, the Labour Party and anyone with hopes they might soon be fit to lead a government.
Little's attempt to get onside with farmers by suggestions of strong arming banks and legislating to force them to reduce interest rates was met with the derision it deserved.
Then he came up with the proposal of a Universal Basic Income which, as the Herald points out is an idea that's more bad than good :
. . . The economy would suffer under punitive levels of taxation, avoidance would be rife, and the benefits would be illusory. . .
The Taxpayers' Union points out a UBI would require income tax rates of 50% or more:
A Universal Basic Income which avoided superannuates and beneficiaries being made worse off would require a flat rate income tax of more than 50% or drastic cuts in government services to pay for it, according to a new report released today.
The report, Money for all: the winners and losers from a Universal Basic Income, by economist Jim Rose, examines the Labour Party's "Future of Work" proposal for a UBI and the more modest proposal by the Morgan Foundation.
A more affordable version of Labour's scheme, such as that proposed by the Morgan Foundation of $11,000 per annum ($210 per week), would cost $11 billion dollars more than the existing welfare system, while making solo mothers $150 per week worse off. For superannuates, a UBI at this level would see their weekly income reduced by $50.
Taxpayers' Union Executive Director, Jordan Williams, says:
"We find it startling that the Labour Party would be floating the idea of a replacement to the welfare system that would see those most vulnerable in society being far worse off. A UBI replaces helping those most in need with handouts to the middle-class and millionaires."
"If you take Labour's assurances that no one will be left worse off under their UBI, the amount would need to be so high that Treasury's economic modelling suggests that a flat income tax of between 50.6% and 55.7% would be needed to pay for it."
"Here is a political party which for years has rightly been telling New Zealanders that current superannuation entitlements are unaffordable. Now they want to effectively extend the same scheme to every New Zealander from the age of 18."
"The Morgan Foundation proposes to pay for its more modest UBI with a tax on those holding capital. Such a tax would incentivise all those modern and innovative industries Labour want to encourage, to shift off-shore."
Jim Rose, the author of the report, says:
"We don't believe Labour have fully considered the consequence of a UBI on labour supply and economic incentives. People would almost certainly work fewer hours meaning that the burden of supporting the programme would be borne by a fewer number of taxable working hours, potentially requiring even further tax increases."
"Even the Labour Party's own paper concedes that the taxes that would be required to fund a UBI higher than $11,000 per year may be 'unrealistically high'. The analysis in the report certainly backs that."
Key points and conclusions:
• The Morgan proposal would cost $10 billion more than the current welfare system but leave those most in need worse off.
• For a UBI to achieve any reduction in poverty levels, or to avoid it costing those in society who most need help, much higher taxes are required. These reduce the incentives to work and economic growth.
• A UBI which allowed those currently receiving benefits and/or superannuation would need to be at least $15,000 per year (equivalent to the current average level of benefits). To pay for this, Treasury estimate that a flat income tax of between 45% and 56% would need to be introduced (assuming other taxes stayed equal).
• Child poverty is not reduced by a UBI less than $15,000 per year because single parents receive no more income support than before.
• A UBI would likely push the New Zealand economy into recession off the back of the reduced labour supply from the windfall increase in incomes alone.
One of the National-led government's successes is a reduction in number of people in long term benefit dependency with all the financial and social costs that go with it.
A UBI would reverse the good done by that and encourage more people into welfare dependency.
Not content with these two bad ideas, this morning Little has come up with another:
In the wake of the flag referendum, the opposition leader said he voted against the alternative as it "doesn't reflect anything about New Zealand at all".
"I'm pleased to say we haven't adopted it," he said.
Mr Little said the country should revisit the issue "sooner rather than later", suggesting a flag that "genuinely represents who we are, the diversity that is New Zealand".
Doesn't reflect anything about New Zealand at all? Anyone's views on the merits of the alternative flag are a matter of opinion but there is no arguing that the Southern Cross reflects New Zealand's place in the world and that the fern is recognised as a symbol of New Zealand here and abroad.
It was used long before sports teams adopted it and they did so for that reason.
That aside, there is a mood for change but Little can't lead it.
He voted for the legislation which set the process, campaigned for Labour with a policy to change the flag then, after the election put political expediency before his principles by criticising the process, the timing and the cost.
The time to criticise the process was before voting for it.
If the timing was wrong last week, it can't be right this week.
And if the cost of the process we've just gone through was too high, another process "sooner rather than later" is even higher.
The party partisan part of me is amused by the way Little stumbles from one demonstration that he's more than a little stupid to another.
The rest of me is concerned that the leader of the second biggest party in government keeps showing he's ill-fitted to lead the Opposition let alone a government.
68 Comments	| flag, politics, Welfare	| Tagged: Andrew Little, Jim Rose, Jordan Williams, New Zealand Taxpayers' Union, Universal Basic Income (UBI)	| Permalink
Rabobank Report: Moving Globally; What role will China play in the global beef market?:
Rabobank sees great potential in China's beef market, and believes that Chinese investors will play an influential role in the global beef market over the next decade. According to Rabobank's latest report, Moving Globally: What role will China play in the global beef market?, China's beef demand will grow an additional 2.2 million tonnes by 2025. Driven by the weak domestic production, but with strong demand, the beef sector will likely become the first agricultural sector where China has high integration with the rest of the world and Chinese investors are expected to play an influential role in the global beef market.
In addition to the volume gap, China's beef market also demonstrates potential for value-added and branded beef products. Strong demand from the food service and retail market channels provides opportunities for both Chinese and foreign companies in the further processing sector. . .
Fonterra's restructure more about poor strategy than milk price – Allan Barber:
When Fonterra was formed back in 2001, there was a great sense of optimism about the potential for a New Zealand dairy company to compete on a truly global scale. The industry's infighting and parochialism would be a thing of the past and the clear intention was to use the greater efficiencies and scale to create a substantially better performing business model.
The big question 14 years down the track is whether that objective has even remotely been achieved. Fonterra is the world's leading exporter of milk products and the fourth largest dairy processor, so achievement to date appears consistent with the objective. But for many observers there was another, more ambitious expectation: to establish an internationally competitive value added business to compare and compete with Nestle and Danone. . .
Dairy sector needs to work together to manage downturn:
National accounting and business advisory firm Crowe Horwath is calling on all stakeholders in the dairy industry to work together to help the sector get through the current difficult period of lower milk solid prices.
On the back of dairy companies announcing a string of forecast milk price downgrades and prices continuing to plunge at the Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auctions, predictions are the current hard times for the dairy sector could potentially last another 18 months to two years.
Crowe Horwath says given the scale of the challenge now being faced by the industry, doing nothing is not an option for anyone involved, including farmers, banks, farm consultants and business advisors. . .
Fish & Game Calls for Fonterra to Lift Its Game After Pollution Conviction:
Fish & Game says Fonterra needs to lift its game after the dairy giant was fined $174,000 for several pollution offences under the Resource Management Act.
The Bay of Plenty Regional Council prosecuted Fonterra for polluting the and other waterways after several wastewater system failures at Fonterra's Edgecumbe dairy plant.
The offences occurred several times between September 2014 and April 2015.
Fonterra pleaded guilty to six charges and was sentenced in the Tauranga District Court by Judge Smith. . .
I'm worried! I'm sympathising with organic farmers over a land use conflict! – Jim Rose:
Writing this blog of sound mind and sober disposition, I still have considerable sympathy with two organic farmers over a land use conflict they have with the neighbouring gun range.
Local land use regulations allows a gun club to set up 600 m away with competitive shooting days all day for 88 days a year. That is a voluntary self restraint. They could hold shooting competitions every day of the year. The local land use regulations allow the use of guns on rural land. The gun club used this absence of a prohibition on the use of guns in the frequency of use to set up a gun range to fire guns all day long on rural land. . . .
Market Continues to Show Strength:
New Zealand Wool Services International Limited's General Manager, Mr John Dawson reports that a continuing upward trend at today's South Island wool sale saw prices increase.
The weighted indicator for the main trading currencies decreased from 0.6314 to 0.6181, down 2.1 percent. The US dollar rate was down to .6520 from .6670 which meant increased prices in NZC terms.
Of the 5,564 bales on offer 5,260 sold, a clearance of 95 percent. . .
Matariki Forestry Group announces recapitalisation:
Matariki Forestry Group ("Matariki") today announced a NZ$242 million capital infusion from Rayonier Inc., its largest shareholder. This injection of capital will be used for the repayment of all outstanding amounts under its existing NZ$235 million credit facility and for general corporate purposes.
Upon completion of this capital infusion, Rayonier's ownership in Matariki will increase from 65% to approximately 77% and the Phaunos Timber Fund ownership will be reduced from 35% to approximately 23%. The capital infusion is subject to certain closing conditions including New Zealand Overseas Investment Office approval and is expected to close by year end. Matariki will realise interest cost savings of approximately NZ$15 million annually as a result of the recapitalisation. . .
NZARN says strategic feed approach key to farmer viability:
Nutrition experts have entered the milk price payout debate saying that a strategic approach and optimising home grown and supplementary feed resources are key to long-term viability.
The New Zealand Association of Ruminant Nutritionists (NZARN) urges farmers, in an article published on their website (www.nzarn.org.nz) to benchmark themselves against the best performing farms to identify areas for improvement.
Dr. Julian Waters, NZARN Chairman says, "Maximising utilisation of home grown resources such as pasture, silage and crops should be the basis for a profitable business, with a sound strategy to incorporate supplements to increase efficiencies when home grown feed is limited." . . .
Internet Provider Puts Farmers' Wellbeing First:
New Zealand internet provider, Wireless Nation, further demonstrates its commitment to the rural sector in a new agreement with Farmstrong, an initiative to promote wellbeing for all farmers and growers across New Zealand.
Wireless Nation's zero-rated data agreement means that its Satellite Broadband customers can access Farmstrong's website without the data counting towards their data cap.
Wireless Nation's technical director, Tom Linn says he is passionate about making internet connectivity easier for people living in rural areas. . .
New Forests agrees to purchase Marlborough timber plantations from Flight Group:
New Forests today announced that it has reached agreement to purchase approximately 4,200 hectares of freehold land and softwood plantations from the Flight Group. The plantations consist of radiata pine and are located in the Marlborough region of New Zealand's South Island.
The agreement forms part of a larger transaction by Flight Group, including the purchase of the Flight Timbers sawmilling assets by Timberlink, an Australian timber products processor that is also an investee company of New Forests. Completion of the plantation purchase by New Forests is subject to approval by the Overseas Investment Office. . .
4 Comments	| business, Farming, food, rural	| Tagged: Allan Barber, Crowe Horwath, Danone, Dr Julian Waters, Farmstrong, Fish & Game, Flight Group, Fonterra, Jim Rose, John Dawson, Matariki Forestry Group, Nestle, New Forests, NZ Association of Ruminant Nutritionists (NZARN), NZ Wool Services International, Rabobank, Rangitaiki River, Tom Linn, Wireless Nation	| Permalink
Growing economy supports healthy environment
Federated Farmers' president Dr William Rolleston addressed Local Government New Zealand's conference on how a growing economy can support a health environment:
Farmers and governments around the world worry about food security and climate change. How could we increase our production while mitigating our environmental footprint? How could we build resilience in a changing climate?
If agriculture is to continue its contribution to New Zealand's economy we must also address the issues of productivity and environmental impact. We must continue to enhance our economic benefit by increasing productivity, adding value to our current products and developing new high value products. We must address the risks which exist in the market, in our social licence to operate, in biosecurity (including pests), and in our climate.
It is not axiomatic that economic progress means environmental deterioration.
Rather economic progress is needed to pay for environmental protection and enhancement.
As a farming leader I have looked for solutions which enable economic progress while supporting a healthy environment. In this way the incentives line up and the need for punitive resource rentals, taxes and similar instruments is obviated. Let me give you some examples:
Nitrogen, whether in chemical fertiliser, organic fertiliser or fixed by legumes is a significant expense on many farms. It always shocks me just how little is actually utilised in product which moves off farm and how much is lost to the atmosphere and beyond the root zone. These losses contribute to adverse water quality outcomes as well as greenhouse gases. Interventions which increase the utilisation of nitrogen will result in better environmental outcomes as well as reduced expense for the farmer.
It is a myth that water is free. Farmers pay big dollars to have water reticulated to their farms through their own or other schemes. The proposed Ruataniwha Dam is a good example. In Canterbury we have seen significant increases in water efficiency through spray irrigation and now precision irrigation. Research is continuing to improve drought tolerance and water efficiency in the very plants themselves.
Soil erosion is a loss of capital from the farming system. It is not new and it occupied the minds of my farming grandparents on our property for as long as I could remember. New techniques such as no till agriculture where paddocks are sprayed with herbicide and direct drilled not only increases productivity but retains soil structure helping to preserve this valuable resource from wind and water erosion that ploughing would leave it vulnerable to.
Even without putting biological emissions into the Emissions Trading Scheme farmers have improved their carbon efficiency by 1.2 percent per year, for the past decade, through improved productivity. Not only that though, New Zealand farmers are amongst the most carbon efficient animal protein producers in the world. In the absence of mitigation tools and any charges on our competitors, penalising farmers to the extent it would reduce biological emissions would mean a movement of production to less efficient producers offshore and an increase in global biological emissions.
So in many areas economic and environmental goals are already aligned which is good business for councils. But alignment is not always possible and we can't pretend that human activity does not have an effect on the environment. Of course it does. Our response could be to wind agriculture back, to reduce production to mitigate environmental impacts but this also has consequences.
We live in a global world whose population continues to expand. The FAO predict we will need to increase world food production by 60 percent by 2050 to meet demand.
New Zealand cannot feed the world, but we must play our part. It would be irresponsible of us to squander or underutilise our resources. Even if we are only feeding the rich and privileged – the worried well if you like – wetlands and forests will need to be converted to farmland at the bottom end to compensate for this indulgence. This is not supporting our environmental credentials.
When it comes to resources our Resource Management Act (RMA) works on a first come first served basis. This works well at the front end. Decision makers at that point cannot have the foresight to know what the demand for a resource will be. However first in first served becomes problematic as a resource reaches its limits when a more strategic approach is needed. Councils have grappled with this. Creating property rights through tradable quota however this is not the answer.
There is no doubt scarcity through quota creates value. However this is a double edged sword. On the one hand increased value can mean increased attention by the custodian, on the other hand that value can be artificial and limit options for more creative solutions.
In Canada for example, milk is produced under a quota system. Many Canadian dairy farmers oppose free trade because it will erode their quota value.
Creating ownership in water could have a similar outcome where water storage or increased supply may be resisted by the status quo.
But here decision makers have a problem, which the RMA is yet to solve satisfactorily. How do you allow movement of a resource to the best use in an efficient and equitable way without creating a property right that would flow simply to the entity that can afford to pay the most, or worse still, one which is banked to the detriment of the economy and the environment? How do you allow for new entrants?
Three potential answers lie in resource expansion, science to increase efficient use, and collaboration.
Water storage is a good example of resource expansion and remains at the top of Federated Farmers' agenda.
Water storage builds resilience – the trifecta of economic resilience, community resilience and environmental resilience. It also creates headroom to dissipate the issue of constraint. The rationale however is still governed by cost.
The Opuha Dam in South Canterbury remains the leading example of water storage for irrigation. As well as economic benefit the Opuha Dam has increased river flows, generated electricity, provided Timaru City with water as well as recreation for water craft, fishers and campers.
The courage of a few to build the Dam has, through its living example, made possible the Canterbury Water Management Strategy and in turn the Land and Water Forum. The protagonists knew that economic and environmental gain together was possible.
Solutions for Maori economic aspirations in water could well come through water storage. By contributing to the development of water storage, government can help create the headroom for negotiation and settlement, if such a settlement is justified.
And note I used the word "contribute", not "invest". We already have Crown Irrigation Investments to address the hurdle of early capital shortfall and the Irrigation Acceleration Fund and these have been welcomed by Federated Farmers. But there is a case for government to directly contribute to water storage infrastructure, to create headroom for negotiation as I have just said, but also to reflect the contribution water storage makes to the environment and the community. Consider that at the time the Opuha water was switched off to farmers, 8 cumecs were still flowing to meet environmental needs – four times the natural inflows.
Farmers are willing to pay for the benefit they receive from water storage.
But as I have mentioned water storage also provides the opportunity to improve habitat, increase environmental flows and provide recreation. Both local and central government should also consider their financial contribution to reflect the public good.
If we are to truly make economic gain while supporting a healthy environment, decision makers need to ensure they get the science right. As I mentioned at the beginning of this presentation the systems in which we operate are uncertain by their nature and information is often incomplete.
The Prime Minister's Science Advisor, Sir Peter Gluckman, is concerned that decisions made without the proper application of science can entrench policies which are of little value and are not easily reversible, because there may be a popular or political perception that they are effective when in fact they are not. I share his concern.
So our challenge is to ensure regulators, politicians and the judiciary make decisions that are in line with the science, and reflect the uncertainty of the time but are not paralysed by it.
The use of caution in the decision making process is essential, but the activist view of the Precautionary Principle, which in essence says do nothing until all risk is eliminated, is an example of the paralysis which we should avoid.
Decision makers need to distinguish between disagreement between parties and scientific uncertainty. They need to understand what drives the certainty of any one party and put the uncertainty of experts in context.
We have some evidence that councils and other decision makers are starting to get it right.
In the discourse on fluoridation, immunisation and 1080 we are seeing the public and decision makers starting to back science and reject the worn out and unsupported rhetoric of the anti-campaigners.
Water is more complex but the same principles apply.
For some council's the science surrounding genetic modification has not yet penetrated. Are they playing a political game hoping central government will play the bad cop and get them off the hook? I don't know. What I do know is that that attempts to duplicate control of genetic modification at the local level is based on scientific fantasy as much as anti-fluoridation, anti-immunisation and anti-1080. What I do know is that significant biosecurity risks lurk in the garden plants of ratepayers but there is no call for strict liability there.
Is there uncertainty? Of course there is, but conventional breeding is uncertain too. Do we need regulation? Of course we do, but that regulation should be seated in a competent central government authority and based on the risk not the technology.
Opportunities to be pest free, to reduce our environmental footprint, to increase productivity and create new products exist with such modern technologies. These are the things which will prove our environmental credentials, not labels. If you as councils want to have economic growth supporting a healthy environment then you need to ensure farmers have choice and access to the modern tools of science such as genetic modification and nanotechnology.
A lot has been said about farming to limits and for councils numbers make decision making much easier. But I would remind you that the RMA was set up to be effects based and that blunt tools lead to dull outcomes. We need to remind ourselves that farmers have only been talking nitrogen for about a decade. The science is progressing quickly. The challenge for regulators is to ensure that regulations are flexible enough to cope with the evolving evidence and to take account of improvements or reductions in water quality.
It is my experience that farmers are environmentalists; why else would they dedicate their life to the land and spend over $1billion on the environment in five years? They are also problem solvers. But they need to understand the problem before buying in.
However to make fast progress it requires strong balance sheets and good cash flows. While it is unacceptable to go backwards regulators, environmentalists and the public need to understand that the rapid progress made in the last few years cannot be sustained when farmers are making a loss.
A growing economy can support a healthy environment but a shrinking one doesn't stand much of a chance.
The best way to achieve both a growing economy while supporting a healthy environment requires sound judgements by councils, with the appropriate use of science, engaging not enraging farmers, providing them with the tools of modern technology and seeking solutions which align economic and environmental outcomes. These are all requirements to grow sustainably.
The downturn in dairy income isn't an excuse to ignore any requirements to be environmentally responsible but it will limit the ability to do more than necessary.
Apropos of the link between the economy and environment, Jim Rose says richer is greener:
The Kuznets environmental curve describes an empirical regularity between environmental quality and economic growth. Outdoor water, air and other pollution first worse and then improves as a country first experiences economic growth and development.
While many pollutants exhibit this pattern in the Kuznets environmental curve, peak pollution levels occur at different income levels for different pollutants, countries and time periods. John Tierney explains:
"In dozens of studies, researchers identified Kuznets curves for a variety of environmental problems.
There are exceptions to the trend, especially in countries with inept governments and poor systems of property rights, but in general, richer is eventually greener.
As incomes go up, people often focus first on cleaning up their drinking water, and then later on air pollutants like sulphur dioxide.
As their wealth grows, people consume more energy, but they move to more efficient and cleaner sources — from wood to coal and oil, and then to natural gas and nuclear power, progressively emitting less carbon per unit of energy. . . "
Poorer people and countries have other priorities than the environment.
As the economy grows and incomes improve priorities change. The environment becomes more important and they can afford to protect and enhance it.
Leave a Comment »	| business, environment, Farming, food, rural	| Tagged: Dr William Rolleston, Federated Farmers, Jim Rose, John Tierney, Kuznets environmental curve, Sir Peter Gluckman	| Permalink
World dairy prices and New Zealand droughts – Jim Rose:
Here is an image from the recent Westpac Economic Overview. As New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of dairy products any disruption in the supply from New Zealand can impact on the global dairy prices.
The last few droughts saw world dairy prices increase considerably as milk supply from the rest of the world was unable to adjust to market conditions.
However supply capacity in the US and the EU has increased and with Russia's import ban there is a much greater supply on the global market. Nevertheless, this doesn't disprove the possibility that prices rise when supply falls short. The overall signs are that supply and demand are coming into line as Chinese buyers run down stocks.
The drought in New Zealand will further boost prices from current low levels. Westpac expect the milk price to rise to $6.40/kg for the next season. Below is a useful video…
ANZCO's profit disclosed in Itoham's statement – Allan Barber:
Japanese food company Itoham Foods announced last week an increase in its shareholding in New Zealand meat processor and exporter ANZCO Foods from 48.28% to 65%. As a result of the transaction it will be able to consolidate ANZCO's revenues and earnings into its annual accounts.
$40 million worth of shares are being bought from three entities: another leading Japanese food manufacturer Nippon Suisan Kaisha, chairman Graeme Harrison, and JANZ Investments, owned by Graeme Harrison and ANZCO staff members. The sale will see the minority shareholders reducing their shareholdings on a pro rata basis with Harrison's effective holding falling from approximately 20% to 14%. . .
BOP Dairy Awards Boosts Careers:
Entering the Bay of Plenty Dairy Industry Awards has helped the region's 2015 Sharemilker/Equity Farmers of the Year, Grant and Karley Thomson, secure a new position beginning in June.
The couple were the major winners at the 2015 Bay of Plenty Dairy Industry Awards held at the Awakeri Events Centre in Whakatane last night. The other big winners were Jodie Mexted, the Bay of Plenty Farm Manager of the Year, and Jeff White, the region's Dairy Trainee of the Year.
The Thomsons, who won $10,100 in prizes, are currently 50% sharemilking (with a silent partner) 420 cows for Tom and Tony Trafford at Opotiki. . .
New Zealand King Salmon Success to Feature at Queenstown Agribusiness Symposium:
Aquaculture business, New Zealand King Salmon, will feature as one of the success stories at the second Queenstown Agribusiness Symposium this month.
New Zealand King Salmon successfully launched Ōra King premium salmon in 2012 to the international foodservice market.
The farmed salmon is now on fine dining menus around the globe.
The Queenstown Agribusiness Symposium attracts senior staff, managers and leaders from throughout Asia Pacific horticulture, agriculture, seafood and biotech industries to help them develop new ways to problem solve and grow their business. . .
Prime Minister John Key Visits Manuka Health's New State of the Art Honey Facility:
New Zealand Prime Minister, John Key, has been given a tour of Manuka Health's brand new multi-million dollar, purpose-built honey processing and distribution centre on a recent visit to Te Awamutu in the Waikato.
Mr Key was shown through the premises by Manuka Health CEO and founder, Kerry Paul. It is now the largest customised honey facility in New Zealand and combines internationally accredited laboratories, honey-drum storage, blending, packing and distribution under one roof.
Mr Paul, says it was a huge honour to have the Rt Hon John Key visit the new centre. . .
Tasman Young Farmers to be put to the test in ANZ Young Farmer Contest Regional Final:
The third ANZ Young Farmer Contest Grand Finalist will be determined next weekend, Saturday 14 March at the Tasman Regional Final held in Kirwee.
"This contest season is shaping up to be very exciting, every year the calibre of contestants continues to improve and impress," says Terry Copeland, Chief Executive of New Zealand Young Farmers – organisers of the event.
The eight finalists are contending for a spot at the Grand Final in Taupo 2 – 4 July and their share of an impressive prize pack worth over $271,000 in products, services and scholarships from ANZ, FMG, Lincoln University, Silver Fern Farms, AGMARDT, Ravensdown, Honda, Husqvarna and Vodafone. . .
17 Comments	| business, Farming, fishing, food, rural	| Tagged: Allan Barber, ANZ Young Farmer Contest, ANZCO, dairy, Grant Thomson, Itoham Foods, Jim Rose, John Key, Karley Thomson, Kerry Paul, Manuka Health, NZ Dairy Industry Awards, NZ King Salmon, Queenstown Agribusiness Symposium, Westpac Economic Overview, Ōra King	| Permalink


text:
Cainotherium  is een uitgestorven geslacht van zoogdieren, dat voorkwam van het Laat-Oligoceen tot het Vroeg-Mioceen.

Beschrijving
Dit 30 cm lange konijnachtige dier had lange achterpoten en korte voorpoten, alle vier met twee tenen. De gereduceerde, laterale tenen gingen over in hoeven. De ogen en oren van het dier waren vermoedelijk goed ontwikkeld. Ook had het dier een uit 44 elementen bestaand, weinig gespecialiseerd gebit. Een diasteem tussen de voortanden en de tamelijk brede kiezen was niet aanwezig. Deze kiezen bevatten vijf knobbels en waren uitermate geschikt om te kauwen. Ze stierven uit zonder afstammelingen.

Leefwijze
Dit evenhoevige dier leefde in de bossen, waar het zich sprongsgewijs voortbewoog en rondscharrelde in de ondergroei, waar het zich voedde met diverse plantendelen. Het dier vertoonde veel overeenkomsten met een konijn, wat de levenswijze betreft.

Vondsten
Resten van dit dier werden gevonden in Spanje.

Uitgestorven evenhoevigen
Oligoceen
Mioceen