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Heritage Legacy Fund Review
2022 Heritage Legacy Fund Projects
2005-2012 Heritage Legacy Fund Projects
150 Time Immemorial Grant Program
CERIP – Unique Heritage Infrastructure Program
Heritage Awareness
Secwépemc Landmarks and Trailhead Signposts Project
Shuswap Hut and Trail Alliance Society, Salmon Arm
The Secwépemc Landmarks project is designed to create awareness of Secwépemc traditional territory through the research, design, and publication of 8 interpretive panels that feature Secwépemc oral histories, place names, culture and stories connected to the Shuswap Lakes region. The interpretive panels will be positioned beside 8 Secwépemc Coyote Pillar Landmarks (sculptures) modeled after the natural pillar rock formations that are of cultural significance to the Secwépemc Nation. Each Secwépemc Landmark will have a series of viewing tubes fixed to the sculpture that point to the different locations and physical landmarks (i.e. mountain peaks and important parts of the landscape) within line of site, and the 8 interpretive panels will list the Secwépemc and English placenames as well as intangible cultural heritage connected to the landscape highlighted by the viewing tubes.
Hogans Alley Project
Vancouver Mural Festival
2020 Vancouver Mural Festival Guest Curator, Krystal Paraboo, is developing a mural project with Hogan's Alley Society and a local artist from the community, Anthony Joseph. This project will build awareness of the cultural erasure and forced displacement of the historic Black community in Vancouver at the edge of Chinatown during the creation of the Georgia Viaduct in the 1970s.
Séytknmx he tmíxʷ (The People of the Land): Working Together to Bring Nlaka'pamux Voices to the Mimi Falls Interpretive Trail Project
Lower Nicola Indian Band, Logan Lake
LNIB is working in partnership with the District of Logan Lake. Phase 1 of this project has been funded. It will involve the construction of the 3.3-km trail along with interpretive signage to Mimi Falls. The trail passes through an area important to both Logan Lake residents and LNIB members. It was a place where Nlaka'pamux people hunted, gathered, traveled through enroute to important cultural practice areas and was a survival area.
In the spirit of reconciliation and embracing the TRC Calls to Action, we wish to build on our past work together. Phase 2 of this project will include linking the signs (tangible heritage) to a website (intangible heritage) where recorded stories (spíləxṃ ) will provide in-depth cultural knowledge and background allowing trail users the opportunity to more meaningfully learn about Nlaka'pamux heritage values, history, language, cultural and traditional knowledge specific to this locality.
Engaging Chinatown
Love Intersections, Vancouver
To research and digitize the archival history of the Lim Sai Hor Kow Mok Association and its building at 525-531 Carrall St., and to engage the public with the building's significant history through public art collaborations during celebrations of 2021 Lunar New Year.
East Lillooet Internment Memorial Garden
District of Lillooet
This project is to upgrade the Japanese-Canadian Internment Memorial Garden to a low maintenance Japanese style rock garden. The upgrade involves preparing the ground surface to ensure appropriate drainage and to cover the exposed surface with weed-resistant fabric. A garden design sketched by a Japanese landscape designer will guide placement of feature rocks obtained at the local quarry, layout of a paver-constructed pathway, design and placement of the gateway structure and wooden benches. Structures will be built and secured, forms will be constructed for concrete pathways and bases, gravel filled areas will be tamped down, and hardy pine trees equipped with a slow release watering system will be planted.
Through Western Windows: Repairing the Windows Joy Kogawa Looked Through as a Child
Historic Joy Kogawa House, Vancouver
"The house in which we lived is … more splendid than any house I have lived in since. It does not bear remembering. None of it bears remembering."—Joy Kogawa
Our project repairs and reinstalls original heritage wood windows that at one time made this 1912 Craftsman bungalow "more splendid than any house." The project also removes aluminum-frame windows installed during a 1970s renovation and replaces them with wood sash multi-light windows that replicate the high artisanship and natural materials of the original but ensure enhanced energy efficiency. Part of a larger phased project that fully restores this heritage resource while creating universal access, these window repairs and improvements restore character-defining elements that enhance the form and historical character of the beautiful home Joy Kogawa lived in but was forced to leave as a child.
St. Mary's Metchosin
St. Mary of the Incarnation, Metchosin
The main focus is improving drainage both under the 147 year old church as well as perimeter drainage to substantially address the damage resulting from previously inadequate treatment of this problem. The other issue is providing wheelchair access to the building that meets required safety standards for such infrastructure.
Potato House Restoration
Potato House Project, Williams Lake
The Potato House Society intends to restore the interior of the heritage house known as "the Potato House" on 49 Borland St. Williams Lake. Specifically, there are a number of rooms on the main floor of the house that are in significant need of repair if the heritage character of the house is to be maintained. In 2018, the insulation failed after an unfortunate flood, leaving much of the interior prone to large temperature fluctuations. Additionally, flooring needs to be redone to eliminate mold which could compromise the structural integrity of the space. Furthermore, the paint has been chipping away significantly as a result of water
contamination and needs to be redone, while still keeping the heritage character of the Potato House as a priority. These repairs would restore the site for public enjoyment and ensure its lasting legacy as a space for public history and education in Williams Lake.
Restoring the vibrancy of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden, Vancouver
The purpose of our project is to conduct exterior painting for exterior wood columns and fixed hand railings. Since the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden was constructed in 1986, the columns and hand railings have deteriorated over time due to sunlight exposure, water decay, general exposure, and usage by external visitors. In addition to the dullness of the paint in the areas exposed to sunlight, the paint is heavily peeling off many of the railings and the columns are chipped. Another key issue is that varying shades of colour were used for exterior painting in the past. This project aims to restore all exterior surfaces to their historic colour, vibrancy, and character as the first phase of a global painting project. We also find it imperative to document these interventions, and build a strong record of conservation efforts within the Garden along with accompanying education and awareness materials.
Repair and Restoration of Facade and Marquee
Blue Bridge Theatre, Victoria
A project to repair and restore the marquee sign and infrastructure (roof) and to paint the facade, of the iconic Roxy Theatre in Victoria's Quadra Village. The work will encompass replacing the flashing on the triangular outcropping, replacing the burned out 'theatre' sign, and replacing and upgrading the marquee track with new plexiglass and tracking for letters, as well as upgrading to LED lighting fixtures. The facade will receive minor plaster repair and paint.
Henry Ruckle house interior restoration
Friends of Ruckle Park Heritage Society, Salt Spring
To restore the floors in the 1876 Henry Ruckle house (excluding the 1886 kitchen addition), stairs and railing, upstairs walls and ceilings, interior window trim, and modern baseboard heaters.
Crawford Bay Community Hall Heritage Assessment
Crawford Bay & District Hall & Parks Association
The project will be the completion of a full heritage assessment of the Crawford Bay Community Hall. It will provide our association with a Statement of Significance, assess the building's condition, identify heritage values, and provide a Conservation Plan and Maintenance Plan to guide any rehabilitation work on the building going forward. The reports generated could be used for actual construction and conservation work on the structure. A Heritage Assessment will also provide valuable documents that could be included in future funding applications.
National Historic Site Gur Sikh Temple Statement of Significance
South Asian Studies Institute, Abbotsford
The Statement of Significance objectives are to identify the physical and non-physical heritage and historic cultural assets of the National Historic Site Gur Sikh Temple (NHSGST) and the Sikh Heritage Museum (SHM) located in Abbotsford BC. These assets include the contributions of indigenous, Japanese, Chinese and Mennonite communities, early settlers of South Asian decent, and to assist in articulating the importance of these assets to the local community, our neighborhoods, the city as a whole and to the Province of BC and Canada. The Statement of Significance document will reflect the social, cultural, political and economic history to the present day of the NHSGST. Using an equity, diversity and inclusion lens, we will identify the key themes and assets associated with the history and evolution of the Site to the present day significance as a living history monument with the SHM. The document will provide a medium to cultivate connections, allow for the expression of historical significance, provide opportunities for legacy work beyond the here and now, reflect the cultural history of South Asian Canadians etc. As the only early Sikh temple that has survived intact, the NHSGST is imbued with symbolism. For the Sikh community the building is a gift given to them by the early settlers - their stories are embedded in the walls. It signifies their sacrifices, their perseverance against many odds and their resilience to carve out a place for themselves and their families.
Holy Eucharist Cathedral
Holy Eucharist Cathedral, New Westminster
The ultimate goal of the project is to enter into a Heritage Revitalization agreement with the City of New Westminster. We are at the first stages of producing Heritage Assessment and Statement of Significance.
Reconciliation/Traditional Territory Plaque
Friends of Fintry Provincial Park Society, Kelowna
The Friends of Fintry Provincial Park Society in partnership with and guided by the Syilx – Okanagan Nation propose to develop and install an acknowledgement of traditional territory plaque at the Fintry delta. The plaque will be approximately 18 x 18 inches in cast bronze and will be permanently mounted with edges embedded on a large natural rock. The acknowledgement text will be in English and NsyilxcƏn, with the text and location determined by elders and staff of the Okanagan Indian Band.
Personal and Material Geographies: Craft at the Cultural Centre
IL CENTRO Italian Cultural Centre, Vancouver
The project is an exhibition partnering with the Craft Council of BC, Italian Cultural Centre and 7 First Nations Master artisans. The exhibition opens in September 10, 2020 and explores the means through which craft, and its educational structure ensures the transmission of cultural knowledge. This innate educational structure ensures the cultural survival of artistic life and traditional knowledge in communities. The exhibition adopts the perspective that craft because it is tied to community, and relies on a relationship with the elders, who are the holders of knowledge, facilitates the passage of artistic skill and oral traditions to the next
generation. This has enabled communities to survive despite the disruption in First Nations cultural life caused by residential schools. Artist statements from the 7 invited First nations artists about experiences with elders and community is fundamental to the exhibition as well as their new artistic work.
Indigenous Languages Program
The Vancouver Art Gallery proposes to partner with the Musqueam Language & Culture Department and the non-profit organization Kwi Awt Stelmexw to develop an Indigenous Languages Program, offering programs and resources focused on
hən̓q̓ əmin̓əm̓ and Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim—the languages of the unceded territories that the Gallery occupies. These mutually beneficial activities will support language learning within partner communities and educate the Gallery's staff and many publics. Developed within a larger Gallery effort to strengthen relations with local First Nations, this project serves as a pilot for developing a long-term partnership focused on language revitalization and education. It responds to impacts of the residential school system on Indigenous languages, and looks to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's Calls to Action and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as guiding frameworks, which advocate for Indigenous language rights and call settler governments and institutions to respond in action.

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Green Berets: Rebuilding the Guerrilla Leader Identity
David Walton and Joseph Long
Direct Action and Unconventional Warfare - one is in the movies, and the other is in the history books. Perhaps oversimplified, the differences between these two mission sets are at the heart of the Green Beret's identity crisis. Both are clearly doctrinal Special Forces missions, but one dominates our cultural zeitgeist, while the other is relegated to a few weeks in the Q course and knowing glances at Semi-Annual Training Briefs. Nearly two decades at war have forced Special Forces into a corner. Special Forces has been so busy doing their job that they may have forgotten how to do their job. An entire generation of Green Berets has only known the Global War on Terror (GWOT), and the following generation has been recruited on the promise of door-kicking raids, dynamic entries, and kill/capture methodologies. But the roots of Special Forces are in the OSS, not the GWOT. These resistance skills will atrophy, from the individual through the institutional levels, if not resurrected and revitalized for tomorrow's conflicts. Guerilla Warfare is a perishable skill and left unexercised it will deteriorate. The popular aphorism that an ideal Green Beret is a Ph.D. who can win a bar fight may soon face the stark reality that Green Berets can only win bar fights. To help understand where Special Forces must go, it is important to understand how they got where they are today.
This change in cultural identity did not happen overnight. In the last decade and a half of counterinsurgency-based conflict in multiple theaters, special operations forces (SOF) have led the way in developing successful processes for conducting contemporary military operations. The success of SOF operations has arguably influenced United States (US) political and military leaders to the degree that SOF-like methods are being duplicated in conventional circles as a new way of war. Concepts such as multi-domain operations, regionally aligned forces (RAF) and Security Forces Assistance Brigades (SFAB) with language training and distinctive berets are but some examples of SOFs most recent influence on the American way of war.
However, the increasing influence of the SOF umbrella remains problematic for the Special Forces (SF) branch. Specifically, the use of the term SOF in the media has diluted the input of SF within the SOF enterprise resulting in a disjointed sense of identity in the SF Regiment. News outlets and influential media personalities often confuse the terms SOF and SF to dilute the significance of Special Forces operations against other SOF elements. Consequently, the dilution of the SF-specific identity is increasingly impacting the SF Regiment's ability to recruit sufficient numbers to maintain the force. Given that SOF refers to all units in the unified US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and is frequently couched as SF in the media, how can future SF members grasp the specifics of the SF mission? That said, the purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, the authors endeavor to ignite a conversation within the SF Regiment about its enduring identity and to move toward clarity and union. Second, we propose a framing for the SF identity as a unique "triple threat" of skills that highlights distinctions of the SF branch from other SOF and conventional units, and the rebranding of the Special Forces branch as our most iconic and identifying term: Green Berets. This discussion serves only to emphasize the unique selling proposition that Green Berets maintain; it does not serve as a call for competition amongst SOF. The debate about who, what, when, where, and why the US conducts Unconventional Warfare is nearly endless. This discussion is the specifics of how, because only Green Berets are skilled in Guerilla Leadership. And therefore, even if the discussion of the specific future operating environment and accompanying mission set remains unclear, there is little doubt that the most critical Special Forces skillset resides in the ability to identify, analyze, and utilize human networks (Meredith, 2019). Whatever the mission this network-centric mindset is best incubated in the Unconventional Warfare petri dish.
Why Identity Matters
As an organization, identity matters. From a scholarly perspective, building and maintaining identity is a task that must be deliberate from senior leadership on down since it impacts organizational culture across multiple sub-fields. In leadership literature, identity is critical to developing organizational culture by combining the individual identity with social and organizational ones to create meaning for people within institutions (Alvesson, 2011). From a social movement perspective, collective identity is thought to be a critical component for mobilization and collective action (Polletta & Jasper, 2001; Tarrow, 1994). It also plays a role in cross-cultural leadership to underscore relational aspects of identity through understanding divisive cleavages that can prevent unity.
When viewed through the culture and collective action lens, there is little debate that SF is in need of a refresher. With dozens of widely publicized gaffs from the laughable through the ethically disassociated, to the downright illegal, SF is losing confidence both publically and intrinsically. From the perspective of a profession-at-arms, Green Berets require absolute confidence amongst themselves and perhaps more importantly, with their partners. An Ambassador who does not trust an SF Operational Detachment Alpha (ODA) – the core SF unit structure – simply will not allow them to do what they need to accomplish under his or her jurisdiction.
Identity remains increasingly important for understanding both the strategic role in conducting unconventional warfare (UW) and other insurgency-related military operations, as well as how SF fit into the broader Department of Defense across multiple phases of conflict. That said, years of population-centric counterinsurgency operations (COIN) have muddied the waters between the SF-specific mission, SOF, and conventional military forces. Specifically, the interaction between military and civilian forces increasingly blurs the lines between SF missions and other military operations involving civilian influence. This blurred distinction has arguably remained "insufficient for understanding the unique context of indigenous leadership" and unconventional warfare (Long, 2017).
In addition, recent conflicts continue to underscore the distinct complexity of an interstate conflict that impacts more than American military forces. These conflicts challenge the understanding of the future of armed conflict and the security dilemma for people in both powerful and developing states. Classic models for sustaining global military and economic equilibrium are being challenged by emerging dynamics and self-organizing structures (Boulton, Allen, & Bowman, 2015; Griffin & Stacey, 2005; Stacey, 2012). Thus, leadership in such complex environments must be reexamined to understand the challenges to the Westphalian world order and the role of military forces in driving strong-state behavior. Previously understood linear models are fast becoming insufficient for understanding concepts of equilibrium and balances of power in favor of complexity and "rapid organizational transformation" (Chiles et al., 2004, p. 501).
With complexity in mind, the uniqueness of the SF mission must remain the centerpiece of the SF identity as distinct from other military organizations. A unified identity will help clarify future combat roles so that the most impactful units will be chosen for the most appropriate missions, and so that the SF role within larger DoD responsibilities remains clear. Other organizations do not have to deal with challenges to identity: the maneuver branches role in the US Army "has remained constant since the earliest days of American military history: to close with and destroy the enemy" ("U.S. Army Infantry School Official Website," n.d.). However, SF's unique history can blur the lines and create destabilizing competition between conventional missions and other SOF units.
Understanding the SF Identity
As a branch, SF units have similarities to other units within the broader US military, yet its distinctiveness must also remain clear. SF Soldiers mostly come from the US Army infantry where they derive much of their history, culture, and training. The close association with SF and the Army Ranger School affirms this shared identity based on core skills of patrolling and small-unit tactics. Likewise, SF units share a "joint side" focus on very high-profile direct action missions, as well as information and population-oriented branches such as Psychological Operations (PO) and Civil Affairs (CA). Yet, what do Special Forces do that make them truly special?
To begin with, there must be consensus on what does not make SF unique compared to other units. One of the first claims is that SF is the force that works with foreign personnel or partner forces. However, conventional units also historically work with partner forces and have the primary role in the DoD's Security Force Assistance mission. Although this claim is often supported by SF language requirements and cultural awareness training, the Soldiers assigned to CA, PO, and the SFA brigades are also trained in language and culture, and many of the members of the joint special operations community also receive similar training. Likewise, SF cannot claim to be the only force that conducts unconventional warfare, as CA and PO again have missions steeped in UW, as do several joint SOF and Special Mission Units (SMU). That said, SF is not unique for working with foreign forces, for learning languages, or for conducting UW, but for their unique mission of conducting special operations across the range of military operations to "disrupt or eliminate threats unilaterally, with partners or friendly indigenous forces" (Army Doctrine Publication 3-05: Special operations, 2012, p. 7).
What makes the SF branch unique is less of a specific role than a unique capability. Although SF units are not the only DoD force that works with foreign countries, SF units are the only force that works with "indigenous forces." Often called guerrillas, indigenous forces are defined as "irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory" (Joint Publication 3-05: Special operations, 2014). This is the essence of the Green Beret distinction: SF is the only force that is specially selected and trained to lead indigenous forces in "activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force…to influence the indigenous population to support the resistance movement or insurgency" (Army Doctrine Publication 3-05: Special operations, 2012, p. 9).
This understanding of Special Forces is not unknown to the members of the Regiment and serves as the critical distinction between Green Beret formations and conventional and other SOF units. In capitalizing on the uniqueness of SF, we propose reframing the unique SF identity as a triple threat of maneuver, Direct Action, and information operation capability through the application of indigenous leadership. Like the infantry, SF units conduct maneuver operations either independently as part of an unconventional warfare campaign, or as part of larger combined arms coalition operations such as Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan in 2002. However, as the first tier of the triple threat, SF is the only unit that conducts maneuver operations in combat while in the direct leadership of indigenous forces.
On the second tier of the triple threat, Joint SOF, SMUs, and SF units each conduct Direct Action and other raid-like operations. However, SF operations are unique to other SOF units because they are conducted with indigenous forces on their right and left rather than other highly trained SOF forces. This provides the same operational challenge as more dedicated raiding units, but also adds the significant leadership challenge of operating with and through indigenous forces. Lastly, SF conduct information operations and interact with foreign populations in similar ways as CA and PO units do, but SF detachments do so in the context of UW and indigenous leadership at the point of greatest impact on the battlefield. This military and leadership challenge represents the ultimate in complexity and remains the sole domain of the SF Regiment.
In summary, the comparison of the SF triple threat serves to solidify the distinct and complex nature of SF operations against the backdrop of other related but differently sourced and utilized units. This observation is particularly salient now as the recent decision of the Army to develop regionally oriented SFABs has many members of the community concerned that the SF mission is in decline. The reality is that such fears are the farthest from the truth since the ability to work with indigenous, rather than partner-nation and foreign military forces, remains the core task of Special Forces, and Special Forces are the only units capable of completing it. In this context the difference between indigenous and partner-nation forces is the inherent unorganized nature of the force upon initiation of operations. Indigenous forces are raised whole-cloth from the general populace while partner-nation forces assume that the forces are already organized for action upon US intervention. As a result, the three lightning bolts on the SF patch more accurately represent the guerrilla leadership of maneuver, Direct Action, and Information Operations as much as land, sea or air. Unfortunately, poor identity and media branding continues to dilute and limit the distinct Green Beret identity.
Reframing the Special Forces
Empirical data shows that SF remains the most well-known branch of the Army SOF enterprise compared to CA, PO, Special Operations Aviation, and the 75th Ranger Regiment. However, the use and misuse of the term "Special" in media makes discerning the value of SF against other units increasingly difficult. Studies of media framing show a high likelihood that the terms SF and SOF get congealed at significant rates such that the use of the term "Special Forces" is essentially indistinguishable from "Special Operations Forces." That said, SF loses out on the specific framing that drives recruiting, funding, and even operational assignments. Senior DoD decision makers are less likely than the average citizen to be confused about what Special Forces is capable of, but in a business where risk mitigation is part of the charter, Special Forces should work towards clarity and developing a deeper understating of what they are best suited for, not just capable of.
In contrast, other formations under the USSOCOM umbrella are branded in more specific terminology. SEALs and Rangers have a particular brand that is less confused with other SOF units, as does Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations. That said, the SF branch's use of the term "Green Beret" remains a similarly identifying brand associated with this distinct history and storied reputation. In fact, when reports are specifically oriented to SF units, the term "Green Beret" is used to avoid confusion with other forces. However, the opposite has happened, and the SF regiment should promote rather than degrade the unique distinction of the title "Green Beret" to describe themselves and their unique capabilities.
The formation of an organization's identity is a critical function of leadership and must be approached as a deliberate activity with a known end state. As a Regiment, Special Forces have an interest in acknowledging their uniqueness among fellow maneuver, Direct Action, and Influence Operations units. Unfortunately, nearly twenty years of indigenous leadership has been diluted by the similarities between the SF and SOF terms, and competition for budgets and missions has incentivized all branches to compete for relevance.
For these reasons, the time has come for the Special Forces Regiment to relook its identity and reframe Green Beret skills to be as valuable and special as they truly are. The ability to function as a strategic triple threat in indigenous-based military operations should be embraced with pride, even against more fashionable emerging aims such as Security Force Assistance and regional orientation. Even when SF conduct unilateral operations without indigenous forces, it should remember that their true strategic value stems from the ability to lead guerrillas, and the strategic effects of those indigenous forces will always be greater than SF acting alone.
Likewise, while Special Forces ties to indigenous forces can come at the expense of other combat forces gaining operational experience or accomplishing vital tasks, the SF function helps the entire US military win wars as part of a team. When they are the main effort, SF must demonstrate the capabilities of this triple threat, and likewise remain adaptable to being useful when in support of other units. Uniqueness is not an excuse for a "super soldier" mentality though. When SF train to look, act, and perform differently from other units, they must ensure that they see the big picture and avoid divisiveness with other branches. The ability to lead combined teams of SF Soldiers, guerrilla, auxiliary and underground forces, and indigenous populations of mostly developing countries suggests that SF should remain the most capable team players when working with other DoD units. The unique SF jargon of "G chief" and "getting in the G base" applies in almost everything they do. SF must embrace the ability to treat every situation with the care and cultural savvy of a UW operation.
Lastly, the strategic nature of the SF branch is seen as they are often called to serve at the political level of conflict, and often where indigenous forces matter greatly. However, if SF fail to solidify the core identity of unique leadership of those forces, then US political decision makers will remain hesitant to send them into the fight. This is especially salient given the networked and unconventional nature of adversarial efforts to build their own friendly government-like structures amidst competing political and social groups. They are using "special forces" to undermine US interests, and it is high time the US pushes back with its own Special Forces, a job specifically designed for Green Berets and their triple threat capabilities.
The views expressed are the authors' and do not reflect official NDU, DOD, or USG positions.
Alvesson, M. (2011). Leadership and organizational culture. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of leadership (pp. 151–165). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Army Doctrine Publication 3-05: Special operations. (2012). Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army.
Boulton, J. G., Allen, P. M., & Bowman, C. (2015). Embracing complexity: Strategic perspectives for an age of turbulence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chiles, T. H., Meyer, A. D., & Hench, T. J. (2004). Organizational emergence: The origin and transformation of Branson, Missouri's musical theaters. Organization Science, 15(5), 499–519. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0095
Griffin, D., & Stacey, R. (Eds.). (2005). Complexity and the experience of leading organizations. London: Routledge.
Kugler, R. (2007). Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan: A case study of adaptation in battle. Center for Technology and National Security Policy.
Long, J. E. (2017). Framing Indigenous Leadership. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(6), 248–257. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.46.2936
Meredith, S. (2019, January 16). New Wine into New Wineskins: How Sudden Change in the Secretary of Defense Office Created a Much Needed Opportunity to Face Facts. Retrieved from Small Wars Journal: https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/new-wine-new-wineskins-how-sudden-change-secretary-defense-office-created-much-needed
Polletta, F., & Jasper, J. M. (2001). Collective identity and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 283–305.
Robinson, Linda. "The Future of Special Operations." Foreign Affairs 91, no. 6 (November 2012): 110. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed January 23, 2017).
Seyranian, Viviane. 2014. "Social identity framing communication strategies for mobilizing social change." The Leadership Quarterly 25, 468-486.
Stacey, R. (2012). Of leadership and management: Meeting the challenge of complexity. New York, NY: Routledge.
Tarrow, S. (1994). Power in movement: Social movements, collective action and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
U.S. Army Infantry School Official Website. (n.d.). Retrieved August 28, 2016, from http://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/
Votel, Joseph L. et al., "Unconventional Warfare in the Gray Zone," Joint Forces Quarterly 80 (2016): 101–109.
Categories: Special Forces - US Army - unconventional warfare - direct action
Joseph Long
Dr. Joseph E. Long is a retired Green Beret and Faculty Member at the Joint Special Operations University's Center for Irregular Warfare. His research interests include Irregular Warfare and ethical decision-making in Special Operations.
Dr. David Walton is a professor of national security strategy at the National Defense University. As a retired Green Beret officer with extensive operational experience in Latin America and the Middle East, his work and research focus on operationalizing great strategy for better results.


Yesterday, the SEC brought fraud charges against 13 individuals allegedly involved in two Long Island-based cold calling scams that bilked more than one hundred victims out of more than $10 million through high-pressure sales tactics and lies about penny stocks.
The SEC alleges that the orchestrators of the scheme used boiler room-style call centers to make hundreds of thousands of cold calls that included the use of threatening and deceitful sales techniques to pressure victims – many of whom were senior citizens – into purchasing penny stocks.
SEC investigators learned of the alleged scheme from investor complaints and used technological tools and innovative investigative approaches to build evidence – within a matter of months from receiving the complaints – against the defendants who went to great lengths to evade detection.
The SEC charged POWERTRADERSPRESS.COM, INC., ELITESTOCK RESEARCH, INC., ERIK MATZ, RONALD HARDY, ANTHONY VASSALLO, STEPHANIE LEE, JEFFREY CHARTIER, LAWRENCE D. ISEN, ROBERT GLECKMAN, MICHAEL WATTS, BRIAN HEEPKE,DENNIS J. VERDEROSA, EMIN COHEN,SERGIO RAMIREZ, ASHLEY ANTOS.


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Q: How to add datepicker in MVC without jQuery How to add datepicker in MVC without jQuery

A: There's no built in Datepicker in MVC. The nearest to a built-in datepicker would be the HTML 5 datetime input type
<input type="datetime " value="" />

which may show a datepicker in certain browsers, but this may not be supported across all your target browsers and is limited to how you can style it.
In light of this, you may want to look at a JavaScript based datepicker.

A: I don't think you can no, although when running in Chrome it will allow you to pick dates using a datepicker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Please join Grace United Methodist Church Friday, December 21, 7:00 PM, for a service of reflection at Christmastime—especially meant for those for whom the holidays are times of pain, loss, grief, or simply too much. We will join in a time of quiet worship, filled with music, Word, and hope.
Please contact Eric at eric@graceumcdallas.org if you have questions or particular needs.


The reality of finding a home Tutor in Ireland, where do I begin? I know I am not the only parent that has gone through this struggle and I won't be the last. The Autism community is filled with such a caring group of parents who are always trying to help each other, share what they have learned along the way and show their support through different formus and group chats. Without their continuous support I would have never got through the first few years.
I began home tutoring with my son as soon as he was diagnosed with Autism at two and a half years old as it was recommended by his psychologist. I left her office that day holding an envelope that would change my life how I knew it. Dylan was diagnosed with Level 3 Autism. I had managed to scribble down a few points on to a piece of paper with a shaky hand. I didn't know where to begin. I can vividly remember opening my laptop and not sure what to even google. I blinked vigorously holding back the tears because I knew I needed to figure this out one way or another.
I began frantically posting advertisements for a Home Tutor anywhere and everywhere I could. A month had passed before I got in contact with one.
Did I hire the first teacher that contacted me? Yes.
Was she a qualified teacher? Yes.
Unfortunately for us it was brought to my attention, that Dylan needed something so much different to what I thought a Home Tutor was. The search began again. I begged for help from anyone to point me in the right direction. I was passed from therapist to therapist who knew someone – that might know someone etc etc. I was introduced to a Tutor that opened my eyes to what, one on on Home Tutoring could achieve. Within the first two weeks Dylan was beginning to show progression in ways I couldn't believe, but sadly I only had this tutor for a month. She had a family already lined up for September and my search began again.
In the three years Dylan did Home Tutoring we had went through seven Home Tutors. SEVEN!
When one of Dylan's tutors was moving to Dublin to work in Speech Therapy, I was so upset. Not only do you become very close to your child's Home Tutor but I knew it was going to be near impossible to replace her. She knew the reality of the situation and gave me two months notice so I could start searching for a Home Tutor. She also began helping me by asking friends and colleagues to spread the word. Unfortunately the two months past without any luck to replace her. We had a tearful goodbye and I wished her the best in her new job. We stayed in touch and she even visited us whenever she could.
I was still posting on every Facebook group that Home Tutors were assosictaed with on a daily basis. There was so many families posting on these pages that mine seemed to get lost along with many other desperate families seeking Home Tutors and services in their areas. I also placed ads in newspapers and contacted different Autism organisations, but still no luck.
Four months passed before I was contacted by a Home Tutor. By then I was terrified that I had lost all the progression Dylan had worked so hard to achieve. As a parent I did the very best I could in those months to try carry on with some of the home based intervention programmes; but the reality of the situation is – I am not a tutor. I felt so angry and upset that my son had lost out on four months of Home Tution purely because there was not a dedicated platform to locate one in my area. So when a new Tutor got in contact I was left feeling desperate for her to begin as soon as possible. Little did I know my search was about to start all over again pretty soon.
Dylan had three more tutors before he was five. He then began primary school and I was lucky to secure him a place in a newly opened Autism unit. I was so relieved. The weight had been lifted from my shoulders. I would never have to go through the pain and worry of finding Home Tutors again.
As a parent that spent three years searching for Home Tutors, I found the whole experience extremely, painful and stressful. Finding a Home Tutor became impossible, just as impossible for the Home Tutors in my area to see the services that was needed. There was times I had no other choice but to hire Tutors that I did not feel were capable. Parents should never be in a situation where they have to say yes to a teacher for fear they might not find someone else. Dylan progressed and over came many behavioral issues he was having through Home Tuition. He had some truly talented tutors that prepared him for starting school. Nearly two years on and we still follow many home based programmes that was introduced to Dylan through Home Tuition. With the right Tutor, Home Tuition can be a fantastic step in the right direction for your child's future, so finding the right Home Tutor is KEY!


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Show your Bulldog Spirit &
Support Blessed Sacrament School
Your generous support enables us to continue our long-tradition -
100 YEARS - of academic excellence and helping our students grow spiritually, morally, emotionally, and physically!
Blessed Sacrament School is thriving because of the support we receive from our community. Your gift, whether it be a gift of time, talent or treasure, has a powerful impact on every single student that walks through our BSS doors.
Please Consider Donating to One of Our Funds Today!
GIVE NOW TO THE BSS ANNUAL FUND
Our most prominent giving priority is our Annual Fund - it must be replenished each year to support our operating costs, meet our financial obligations and accomplish our mission.
100% of every donation to support our Annual Fund supports the mission of Blessed Sacrament School and has direct impact on each BSS Student and Faculty member!
Please see below to learn more about the importance of giving to our Annual Fund, as well as our Smyth Endowment Fund and through our many HSA events.
"There's a sense of community here. The parents feel it, the children feel it, the teachers feel it."
Annual Fund is our foremost giving priority and is essential to our sustainability as an institution. Like most independent schools, tuition covers about 90% of our annual operating expenses. Your donation serves to bridge the gap between tuition income and school operating expenses.
A strong Annual Fund Campaign ensures we can honor our mission of educating young minds, while keeping tuition costs stabilized, and providing the best possible programs, faculty and facilities for students. The vast majority of our budget gap is bridged by charitable donations to Annual Fund which provides funding for the following areas:
Faculty Compensation - Attracting and retaining skilled educators is at the heart of our mission.
Innovative Technology & Curriculum - The field of education is continually evolving and we must keep pace. Identifying and implementing new technology and innovative curricula is critical in today's learning environment.
Stimulating & Safe Environments - Our physical building and facilities must be constantly upgraded to keep pace with new technology and advancements in safe school environments.
Professional Development - Our teachers are also students! A robust operating budget allows us to underwrite the cost of continuing education and enrichment for our teachers so they can provide high-quality instruction.
Tuition Stabilization - As a Catholic school, educating each new generation of young people is our mission. As part of this mission, we strive to keep tuition as attainable and stable as possible. On average, every student receives an annual tuition discount of $1,000. Instead of larger annual increases, we ask every family to contribute a tax-deductible donation, thus reducing each student's annual tuition cost and encouraging a diverse student body.
Expand Content
How much should I give? What are the BSS Annual Fund Giving Circles?
Every gift, no matter the size, has a direct and powerful impact on the students and faculty at BSS. We ask that every person and/or family give what they are able, we receive gifts from $10 - $25,000, every gift no matter the size, is deeply appreciated and makes a difference.
Your gift will be noted under the appropriate BSS Annual Fund Donor Giving Circle. You will receive special recognition on our BSS Giving webpage and in our summer Bulldog Bark.
BSS Annual Fund Giving Circles
Leadership Circle: Gifts of $10,000+
1923 Founders Society: Gifts of $5,000 - $9,999
BSS Honor Society: Gifts of $2,500 - $4,999
Bulldog Society: Gifts of $1,000 - $2,499
Blue & Gold Club: Gifts of $250 – $999
BSS Booster Club: Gifts up to $249
Bulldog Young Alumni (New Giving Circle especially for our young BSS alumni Classes of '10 -'22)
*Donors of $1,000 or more are invited to attend a Donor Recognition Event.
All donations to Annual Fund are tax deductible. Blessed Sacrament School is a 501(c)(3) organization.
Federal Tax ID 53-020-8375.
Thank you to our Generous Annual Fund Donors
We are extremely grateful to our 2021/2022 Annual Fund Donors who raised $174,006 to support our school!
The 2022 – 2023 Annual Fund is our MOST prominent GIVING PRIORITY as it must be replenished each year to support our operating costs and meet our financial obligations.
We would like to thank our generous 2022 – 2023 Annual Fund Donors below who have given to date: *Please note donors names are updated monthly, please visit again soon to see our donor list grow!
July – September 2022 Donors:
Annette & Pardee Abadie
Mollie Buckey
Louisa T. Campbell
Thomas E. Clark III
Conley Edward L. Cotter, Jr.
Claire Toomey Durkin
Kay Dougherty Franey
Dolores M. Hulick
Teddy & Jessica Kassa
Peggy McCarthy McCaig
Mr. & Mrs. Douglas McDaniel
Richard J. Murphy
Dr. & Mrs. Budne C. Reinke
Gibsen Yen
Sherry Clark Young
The Gilbane Family Foundation
What is a Matching Gift?
A matching gift is an easy way to increase your contribution. Many employers offer matching gift programs to support their employee's philanthropy. Please contact your company Human Resource Representative to see if Blessed Sacrament School qualifies for a matching gift.
If your employer has a matching gift program, please obtain a matching gift form from them and send it to Blessed Sacrament School (Mail: Office of Development Blessed Sacrament School, 5841 Chevy Chase PKWY NW, Washington, DC 20015 or hkearns@blessedsacramentdc.org) along with your own contribution to the BSS Annual Fund. Heather Kearns, Development Director, will then complete the form and return it to your employer.
Please contact Heather Kearns, Development Director, at hkearns@blessedsacramentdc.org or 202-966-6682 with any questions or for assistance.
Can I make a donation in memory or honor of someone special to me?
Yes, you may choose to make a gift in memory of or in honor of a special person. All memorial and honorary gifts are recognized in our summer Bulldog Bark Annual Report and on our website at www.bsstoday/giving.
Ways to Give to Annual Fund:
Every gift counts, and is a gift of faith, love and appreciation to Blessed Sacrament School and the children and families who will directly benefit from your giving.
There are many ways to give:
Give Online: Online gifts can be made through our secure online giving form. You can charge your one-time gift on American Express, Visa, or MasterCard.
Donate ONLINE To Annual Fund
Phone: You may make a gift to Blessed Sacrament School with Visa, MasterCard or American Express cards by calling 202-966-6682 x3973 and asking for Heather Kearns, Director of Development.
Mail Check: Please make your check payable to the Blessed Sacrament School and mail to:
Blessed Sacrament School
5841 Chevy Chase PKWY, NW
Please note gifts are recognized in the fiscal year during which they are received. BSS Fiscal year begins on July 1st to June 30th. All gifts made to Blessed Sacrament School are tax-deductible to the full extent of the law. You will receive a Thank you letter including an acknowledgment of your gift for tax purposes.
*Blessed Sacrament School is a 501(c)(3) organization. Federal Tax ID 53-0208375.
Give or Pledge to Annual Fund Now
Msgr Smyth Endowment Fund
The school's endowment fund provides financial security for the future and strengthens our ability to advance our mission. Making a gift to the endowment fund is creating a legacy for future generations. Please note that though our Smyth Endowment Fund vitally important to Blessed Sacrament School, contributing to the Smyth Fund does not count as participation in our Annual Fund.
Like any endowment fund, the Smyth Fund's capital is invested for long-term growth, while also making annual disbursements to the school to support various initiatives.
The fund not only serves as a safety net for the impact of unforeseen circumstances, it also provides capital for necessary renovations and one-time projects and upgrades, such as financing the beloved "Field of Dreams".
In addition the fund supports two very important goals – Providing financial aid for those who may not be able to attend our excellent school and to provide and supporting Teacher Enrichment, Training and Salaries for our incredible teachers.
Please note that although our Smyth Endowment Fund is vitally important to Blessed Sacrament School, contributing to the Smyth Fund does not count as participation in our Annual Fund.
We hope that you will join us for a fun day out with your Bulldog friends, for this year's Smyth Fund Golf Classic on Monday, October 24, 2022 at Kenwood Country Club.
To register and for more information please visit: www.smythfundbss.org/golf
Please visit the Smyth Endowment Fund's new website to learn more and to GIVE today: www.smythfundbss.org.
Donate to the Msgr Smyth Fund Now
Supporting BSS through our HSA
The HSA's primary responsibility is to organize events and activities which help raise the funds necessary to support BSS in providing our children with a quality Catholic education. In recent years, as a result of these fundraising efforts, the HSA has been able to provide money in support of academic programs, contribute to BSS scholarships, and enhance the physical plant at BSS through improvements to our auditorium and school grounds.
Please note that though these events are vitally important to Blessed Sacrament School, contributing to an event does not count as participation in our Annual Fund; they are separate fundraising opportunities that all support our beloved school through different initiatives.
For more information on the HSA Fundraising Events, Service & Special Programs and to volunteer please visit our website at www.bsstoday.org/campuslife/HSA.
Questions & Contact Information:
Please contact Heather Kearns, Director of Development, at 202-966-6682 or hkearns@blessedsacramentdc.org with any questions or comments.
Blessed Sacrament School is a 501(c)(3) organization. Federal Tax ID 53-0208375


National Coffee Day brings a chance to save when stocking up on your favorite brands and even for trying a new blend or two.
For those who prefer to brew their own coffee, National Coffee Day brings a chance to save when stocking up on favorite brands or trying a new blend or two.
In addition to restaurants and convenience stores doling out free cups Saturday, online coffee roasters will also have specials.
According to Shippo, a shipping technology platform, coffee drinkers are increasingly looking to the web for their caffeine fix, with Los Angeles leading the nation for buying the most coffee online.
"The steep and recent rise in online purchase of coffee for the home is a strong indicator that the market is just warming up," said Matthew Berk, CEO of Bean Box, a coffee subscription service, and a Shippo customer.
San Francisco, New York City, Denver and Seattle also made Shippo's list for being among the most caffeinated cities.
The online coffee market is expected to continue percolating.
Many of these deals are only available Saturday unless otherwise noted and while supplies last.
Amora: The coffee subscription service will give away two free bags with every National Coffee Day purchase. One of the free bags will be Amora's new Pumpkin Spice coffee.
Atlas Coffee Club: On Friday and Saturday, get a free 12-ounce bag of premium single origin coffee with any subscription to the travel-themed coffee of the month club with promo code ATLASCOFFEEDAY18. Limit one per household.
Bean Box: Through Saturday, get $10 off orders of $30 or more at www.beanbox.co with promo code COFFEE-DAY.
Black Oak Coffee: Save 10 percent on orders at www.blackoakcoffee.com Saturday with promo code COFFEEDAY.
Bluebeard Coffee Roasters: Get 20 percent off at www.bluebeardcoffee.com with promo code COFFEEDAY Saturday.
Boyer's Coffee: Through Tuesday, get $3.95 off any bag of Mash-Up Coffee at www.boyerscoffee.com with promo code MASHUP18.
The Coffee Registry: Get 15 percent off Saturday at www.thecoffeeregistry.com with promo code coffeeday18.
Coffee Tea Superstore: From Friday through Oct. 6, get 10 percent off any product at www.coffeeteasuperstore.com with coupon code CoffeeDay.
Community Coffee: Through Monday, get 30 percent off at www.communitycoffee.com with code COFFEEDAY2018.
Dirty Girl Coffee: Get 10 percent off any order at www.dirtygirlcoffee.com with promo code YAYCOFFEE! Saturday.
Drinkfinity: From Friday through Monday, get Drinkfinity's Americano Starter Kit for $16.50, 50 percent off the regular price with promo code COFFEE. The landing page for the deal will be at www.drinkfinity.com/coffeeday.
Expedition Roasters: Get 15 percent off premium Themed Coffees Saturday and Sunday at www.expeditionroasters.com with code CoffeeDay.
Folly Coffee Roasters: Buy any whole bean coffees at www.follycoffee.com Saturday and get a free Folly Coffee knit hat, while supplies last.
FORTO: Order a free six-pack of the 2-ounce coffee shots at www.fortocoffee.com Saturday when you sign up for a "Subscribe and Save" option and use promo code COFFEEDAY. FORTO says customers will be able to cancel immediately after ordering for a no-risk commitment.
Godiva: Get 25 percent off a single bag of coffee at www.godiva.com Saturday. Limit one per customer.
H+S Coffee Roasters: Get 10 percent off orders at www.hscoffeeroasters.com with code GOODCOFFEE Saturday and Sunday.
illy: Now through 9 a.m. EST Sunday, get a free can of illy coffee when you purchase four cans at www.illy.com and use promo code 5FOR4.
Keurig: From Friday through 11:59 p.m. PST Sunday, get 20 percent off boxes of K-Cup, K-Carafe, K-Mug, and Rivo pods and bagged coffee at www.keurig.com with promo code COFFEEDAY.
KiTu Life Super Coffee: Get 25 percent off your entire order at www.kitulife.com Saturday with coupon code SUPERCOFFEEDAY2018.
Kuju Coffee: No purchase is necessary to get a free Kuju Coffee's Pocket PourOver Saturday. Go to www.kujucoffee.com and say who you'd like to send a cup to and why you appreciate them and Kuju will send a Pocket PourOvers and your note, while supplies last.
La Colombe: On Saturday, La Colombe will be giving away a free tube of Costa Rica San Ramon Honey Sampler with every online roasted coffee purchase at www.lacolombe.com.
Leivas Coffee: Through Monday, get 30 percent off at www.leivascoffee.com with promo code LOVECOFFEE18.
Maui Wowi Hawaiian: Get 50 percent off online orders of limited-time and classic Maui Wowi Hawaiian coffees at shop.mauiwowi.com Saturday with promo code ALOHACOFFEE.
Melitta: Through Oct. 5, get 30 percent off Melitta products at shoponline.melitta.com with promo code COFFEEDAY18.
Neuro Coffee: Here are two different deals running from 12 a.m. to 11:59 p.m. ET Saturday at www.getneurocoffee.com: With promo code COFFEEDAY, get 60 percent off the first month of the Roaster's Club monthly subscription. Or use code FREECOFFEE for a buy-one-get-one free deal on ground beans or K-Cups.
Peet's Coffee: For purchases at www.peets.com, get 25 percent off all regular, non-subscription, one pound bean purchases with promo code COFFEEDAY18.
Pheo Coffee: Get 15 percent off all coffees and coffee boxes Saturday at www.pheocoffee.com with promo code GETCOFFEESTAT.
Primos Coffee Co.: Get 15 percent off Saturday at www.primoscoffeeco.com with promo code COFFEEDAY18.
Teaspressa: Now through Sunday, get 10 percent off all Teapressa products purchased online at www.teaspressa.com with promo code COFFEEDAY.
Trapdoor Coffee: Get 20 percent off all orders at www.trapdoorcoffee.com Saturday with code COFFEEDAY.
Vega Coffee: Sign up for a subscription at www.vegacoffee.com Saturday and get half off the first bag with promo code COFFEEDAYUSA .
Verve Coffee: On Saturday, get free shipping on orders at www.vervecoffee.com.


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Yes, Big Platforms Could Change Their Business Models
Author: Zeynep TufekciZeynep Tufekci
Storytk
In 2006, Jeffrey Hammerbacher, then a recent Harvard graduate in math, became an early employee at a budding company founded by another Harvard student named Mark Zuckerberg. After building Facebook's data team, Hammerbacher left the company in 2008. He later explained his decision to leave, despite the company's tremendous growth, in what has become one of the most iconic quotes of the second internet boom: "The best minds of my generation are thinking about how to make people click ads," he told Businessweek. "That sucks."
Twelve years and hundreds of billions of dollars of market capitalization later, that's still true, and it still sucks. The few companies that control our digital public sphere—Facebook, Google, and Twitter—are all driven by the same fundamental business model, and it has only grown more pernicious over time. To microtarget individuals with ads, today's platforms massively surveil their users; then they use engagement-juicing algorithms to keep people onsite as long as possible. By now it's clear that this system lends itself to authoritarian, manipulative, and discriminatory uses: hiding job openings from minorities and older people; discouraging certain groups from turning out to vote; and allowing anyone with even a small budget to find audiences that are, say, anti-Semitic. It also creates an environment conducive to viral misinformation and hate speech.
Zeynep Tufekci
'He Who Must Not Be Named': What Alex Jones and Voldemort Have in Common
It's the (Democracy-Poisoning) Golden Age of Free Speech
Billy Gallagher
Copycat: How Facebook Tried to Squash Snapchat
Does it really have to be this way?
There's simply no plausible alternative, the platforms say. People will never pay to use platforms, we are told. Plus, dissidents and activists in the developing world rely on these free services to get their word out. How can we abandon them? And anyway, the platforms say, we can't provide the fundamental features that our users value without all this data collection. It's simply too late to change.
I say to all this: phooey, phooey, and phooey.
First, people all over the world pay for communication services. We regularly pony up for Netflix, HBO Go, and Amazon Prime on top of sizable monthly payments for cell phone plans. A Facebook, YouTube, or Twitter without a bloated ad infrastructure could likely charge far less than these other services, which after all have to buy or produce their content. Before WhatsApp was acquired by Facebook, it charged users $1 per year, and it was growing like a vine.
As for dissidents: Yes, online platforms offer important alternatives to censored mass media across the globe. But authoritarians have figured out how to defang most of these benefits for activists, while adroitly using social media for their own ruthless purposes. Like other politicians and world leaders, Filipino strongman Rodrigo Duterte has received guidance from Facebook's staffers on how to get the most out of the platform. He has also made an art of using Facebook to viciously hound and harass his opponents.
It's true that requiring users to pay even a nominal amount for web services can offer governments a means to track activists. But that's not an insurmountable problem. In many countries, cell phone minutes are already used as payments that can be transferred between people; a similar system could easily be developed for people who'd rather not pay for Twitter with their credit cards. Other potential solutions could lie in cryptographic payment schemes that offer almost cashlike privacy, along with the ability to audit transactions. But ad revenues keep the platforms too well-fed and happy to pursue much innovation in payment methods.
What about the argument that data collection is what allows platforms to give users more of what they want? Again, try innovating. There have been exciting developments in, for example, encrypted databases—systems that might allow platforms to perform operations on data without ever decrypting it. That way, tech companies could garner aggregate insights without conducting individual surveillance.
Surely researchers would be excited to explore areas like these, given more incentive to do so. But right now these projects remain relatively marginal. Why should the platforms bother when they can siphon up data, throw it against machine learning algorithms, and laugh all the way to the bank?
In case I sound like I'm making impossible demands from the sidelines, consider that Apple makes money directly from its users. The company has developed specific ways to lock itself out of user data while making very functional phones, and it has made these privacy protections a selling point. Apple may not be a perfect company, but it shows that other models work.
Sure, raking in all this personal user data is convenient. Lead is also a great ingredient in paint.
Sure, raking in all this personal user data is convenient. Lead is also a great ingredient in paint: It's anticorrosive, it helps coats dry faster, and it increases moisture resistance. But we outlawed lead in paint anyway, for reasons that now seem chillingly obvious. We can do the same for data surveillance.
Because of course it's not too late. Seat belts became mandatory in the US in 1968, many decades after cars became an integral part of life. Airbags and emission controls didn't develop overnight either—or without prodding. Regulation forced the car industry to innovate. It developed safer and cleaner cars, and remained quite profitable.
To force platforms out of their rut, some regulation will be necessary. We should discuss outlawing invasive digital tracking (online or offline), merging data from multiple sources, and maybe even microtargeting based on surveillance.
We could also use some real employee pressure. After a walkout in November, Google and Facebook put an end to forced arbitration for sexual harassment claims. The powerful employees of Silicon Valley could also become advocates for user privacy. They could demand to start using their formidable brainpower for something other than getting people to click on ads. Because it really does suck.
Zeynep Tufekci (@zeynep) is a WIRED contributor and an associate professor at the University of North Carolina.
This article appears in the January issue. Subscribe now.
Tumblr's displaced porn bloggers test their new platforms
A SpaceX delivery capsule may be contaminating the ISS
How to use Apple Watch's new heart rate features
An eye-scanning lie detector is forging a dystopian future
How Humans Get Hacked: Yuval Noah Harari & Tristan Harris Talk with WIRED
Yuval Noah Harari, historian and best-selling author of Sapiens, Homo Deus and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, and Tristan Harris, co-founder and executive director of the Center for Humane Technology, speak with WIRED Editor in Chief Nicholas Thompson.
#magazine-27.01
#data privacy
#Advertising
How a Blockchain Could Help Roll Out Berkeley's Next Fire Truck
Major Enemy


The editors of American Motorcyclist magazine used their 230,000-members to nominate and vote on members' favorite roads. Nearly 100 roads made the ballet box, and the magazine published the top 15 roads in the April issue.
Oregon made the top 15 with an amazing piece of pavement called the Rattlesnake Grade. Typically any rider who's done this twisty piece of paved paradise will just smile and their face will light up when ask about it.
14. Ohio Route 170, Calcutta to Poland.
13. California Route 58, McKittrick to Santa Margarita.
12. U.S. Route 33, Harrisonburg, Va., to Seneca Rocks, W.Va.
11. Natchez Trace, from Natchez, Miss., to Nashville, Tenn.
10. Angeles Crest Highway, California Route 2.
7. Cherohala Skyway, North Carolina and Tennessee.
5. California Route 1, Pacific Coast Highway.
4. U.S. Route 550, from Ouray to Durango, Colo.
3. U.S. Route 129 — The Tail of the Dragon — on the North Carolina-Tennessee border.
2. Blue Ridge Parkway, North Carolina.
There are more detailed descriptions in the magazine which can be viewed online HERE.
Beside truck drivers, no other group puts in more miles and samples more road than motorcyclists and these are some great rides to consider.


Last night at Intel's CES 2014 opening keynote, CEO Brian Krzanich casually mentioned that the company is rebranding its McAfee Security team, henceforth to be known as Intel Security. While couched as much as possible in "next era" talk, it's hard to ignore the move as at least partially a reaction to creator John McAfee's antics in 2013 — including but not limited to a pretty NSFW video on how to uninstall the software that featured half-naked women and plenty of drugs.
Of course, John McAfee is thrilled by the whole thing.
I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet. These are not my words, but the words of millions of irate users.
Although, it's likely that McAfee isn't thrilled the process isn't going faster: despite the fact that rebranding will begin immediately, the process could take up to a year to complete. And, it's worth noting that the signature McAfee red shield will still be incorporated into the look.
But it's the end of McAfee Security, a decades-old brand that has been estranged from its creator for nearly 20 years. John McAfee founded the company as a side project in 1987, growing it into a full-time business before leaving in 1994. Intel completed its acquisition of the brand in 2011, purchasing the security company for roughly $7.6 billion.


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Home Community News Wife of accused murderer tells of shock, dealing with mental illness and...
Wife of accused murderer tells of shock, dealing with mental illness and hopes of restoration
Tuvia Pollack
Illustrative image
The tragic first murder within the Messianic community in Israel occurred on March 2, 2020. The perpetrator was Shimon (not his real name), a 28-year-old Messianic father of three. It was later revealed that he suffers from paranoid schizophrenia, a condition which blurs the line between what is real and what isn't, through delusions and hallucinations. Following the incident, the court declared him unfit to stand trial and sentenced him to 25 years in a psychiatric hospital.
Shimon's wife was deeply shocked by the killing and is now raising their three sons, all below the age of five, by herself. She never imagined that he would do anything aggressive. He was always a calm and shy person. Others also described him that way.
"It was like lightning from a clear sky, with no previous indications that something like this could happen, Bob Knight was killed by Shimon. They were both from our congregation," said Yochanan Stanfield, an elder in their congregation, in a statement released shortly after the incident.
KNI spoke with Shimon's wife, Ayelet (not her real name).
"I visit him in the hospital about once a week," she says. "He is getting good care and feels a lot better. I looked up schizophrenia simulator on YouTube, which shows what it's like to be in psychosis. Only then did I realize what he must have been through. I showed it to him, and he said that it's exactly what it was like for him. I'm not sure where to draw the line between medical and spiritual, or if there is any line, but some level of demonic activity must have been involved. I have a feeling I will learn a lot about that over the next ten years."
To get support Ayelet has connected with a woman in the USA, Amber Violette, who still visits her husband, John, in the hospital. It is now 13 years since he killed their four-year-old daughter Katlin, suffering from the same illness. Ayelet also receives support and therapy from Messianic counselors.
The incident occurred when Bob and Fruma Knight, an older couple from their congregation, visited them. Shimon was seized by a psychotic break and attacked Fruma with a brick while she was holding Shimon's baby. Fruma fell on the floor, protecting the baby with her body. Bob threw himself in front of his wife and absorbed Shimon's continued attacks. When neighbors noticed what happened and shouted to him, he stopped. The police came to the scene and arrested Shimon, but by then it was too late. Bob was killed at the age of 75.
Some witnesses claimed that Shimon said "those are the missionaries" after the murder, and the police initially investigated the congregation to see if they were a cult that might have pushed him or persecuted him. That charge was quickly dropped, as the congregation proved its innocence, and Shimon's mental state became evident.
"I first met Shimon when I visited Israel in 2014," Ayelet told KNI. "I was visiting my Israeli relatives – his mom is my mom's cousin. She made Aliyah from the States before Shimon was born. He was in uniform and mentioned that he planned to move to the States to work for a year once his service was over. When he came, I showed him around New York City, we went out to dinner, we bonded. I just thought of him as a relative, but eventually we realized that marriage is permissible for second cousins."
Neither grew up in a Messianic home. "My parents are secular American Jews, and he grew up in an Israeli religious home," she tells KNI. "When he was a child, his parents divorced, and his mother became secular. I came to faith just from hearing the gospel. I just knew it was the truth, and I joined a Messianic congregation in Brooklyn. When Shimon visited me in New York, I mentioned that I am Messianic, and he became intrigued. He had never heard of it, and asked a lot of questions. I invited him to my congregation, where he accepted the faith. It was a process very similar to mine – once he heard the gospel, he was convinced."
Ayelet and Shimon got married in 2015 and moved to Israel. Ayelet is an engineer and Shimon studied industrial engineering from home at the Open University of Israel and worked evenings as a chess teacher in a middle school. Their first son was born in 2016. They were a young couple with small children and only one main income, but their future looked promising based on their education and professions.
"Shimon had many entrepreneurial ideas based on his engineering classes. We planned to save up to buy each of our children a home in Israel, and take our kids and grandkids on vacations abroad annually," Ayelet tells KNI. Since they didn't have believing family members, their Messianic congregation became like a family to them.
Warning signs with Shimon's mental health started in November 2019, after the birth of their third son, when Ayelet was on maternity leave.
"It started subtly," she says. "He would suddenly drop everything for no particular reason and start small talk with strangers on the street, oblivious to us. It was bizarre. When I confronted him he said he was sorry, and genuinely seemed to mean it, but the next day he would do the same. I realized something was not okay, but a mental illness didn't even cross my mind. They diagnosed him with ADHD when he was a teenager, so I assumed it had to do with that. If anyone had told me that these are early signs of a mental illness, I would have sent him for evaluation. I learned later that schizophrenia is often misdiagnosed as ADHD."
Ayelet describes how the paranoia started around February 2020. He told her the neighbors looked at him funny and was worried someone had told them something about their Messianic faith. "At first I believed him," she said. "The Messianic faith isn't that popular, and there are people who spread false rumors around it. I never noticed neighbors looking at me funny, but I had no reason to disbelieve him."
A week and a half before the incident, the paranoia increased and he started floating more outrageous paranoid theories about neighbors or family members being "after him." She tried to calm him down, telling him he was wrong, and every time he seemed to accept her reassurances.
They lived in an area that is a stronghold of Israeli organized crime, and in late February 2020 an incident occurred that rocked his mental health even more. A criminal operative was going to plant a bomb in someone's home, but accidentally blew himself up across the street from them. The explosion rocked their street and there were police cars everywhere.
"It was 3 in the morning. I was already up, nursing. He woke up in panic. We saw the police cars, and later our neighbors told us that there had been body parts strewn across the street. We closed the doors and didn't go out. He thought the bomb was intended for him. It was around that time he stopped sleeping. I was really concerned about him."
After that incident the paranoid theories became more and more ludicrous, and he couldn't talk about anything else. He kept talking about unrelated people who don't know one another and don't even speak the same language, who were all conspiring against him. She later learned that during this time he was also hearing voices. Besides not sleeping, he also ceased eating and showering. He wouldn't even change clothes, and all he could talk about were his paranoid delusions.
"I never once suspected a mental illness," Ayelet says. "We notice all these signs after the fact, when it's too late, but it's very hard to even think that when you're in the middle of it. It didn't even cross my mind."
One day it reached full-blown delusions where he acted strange the entire day. "It only took one day of that for me to realize that he needs help," Ayelet says. "He walked out of the house, talking on the phone with random people, I have no idea who. He looked through the Bible to find verses, but pointed to verses that had nothing to do with anything. And then he said he thought the entire Messianic body in Israel are all fake believers, and it's all a stage. That they are secret Yad L'Achim or mafia operatives trying to kill him. That's when I realized something was terribly wrong with him."
Ayelet still didn't realize that it was an emergency, and she wasn't aware that there were emergency psychiatric hospitals that could have admitted him. She thought he might be oversensitive and if he would only get more sleep, he would be better. She prayed with Shimon and communicated with the congregation. "I told them that we are going through a spiritual attack and asked for prayers, without giving specifics," she says. The next day she booked an appointment for him with a psychiatrist and they went the same day. That was Thursday, February 27, 2020 – only four days before the incident.
"I drove him there, and on the way he had an anxiety attack with trouble breathing. Then he asked me if I was taking him to get shot. That was the first and only time he showed any paranoia signs of being afraid of me. I told him no, of course not, and he dropped it. We prayed together in the car. We got to the psychiatrist who seemed professional, but he spent most time just talking to Shimon behind closed doors, not letting me in. He didn't ask me anything. We got a medicine called Seroquel to take for three weeks and then come back. He said he couldn't diagnose him after just one meeting, but had to wait to see how the medicine would affect him. I was disappointed, I was hoping we would find out what the problem was."
The medicine seemed to help, and Shimon an Ayelet spent the weekend in a hotel in Jerusalem, reconnecting and meeting people. "He didn't have any additional weird episodes now, and he started to sleep again, so I thought the medicine was working," Ayelet says. "We met a friendly couple and had Kiddush together. It turned out the husband was the head of investigation at the police station of our town. Only two days later he was the one taking my finger prints after the incident," she recalls with a shiver.
After the fact, Ayelet contemplates whether Shimon still suffered from the same mental state at this point but became better at hiding it from her, maybe suspecting her of being part of the conspiracy against him. She was shocked when she later read the warning label of the Seroquel medicine:
"Increased suicidal thoughts can occur when first starting treatment with Seroquel … it is recommended that patients and their family members watch for changes in mood and behavior, such as: increased depression or anxiety, and/or rise of suicidal thoughts, restlessness, aggression, or sleep disturbances, particularly upon starting treatment or when a change to the dosage is made." (Emphasis added)
"He had never been aggressive before," Ayelet says. "He would never get angry. Never. He was the calmest person I know. Even during the whole delusional time he never yelled, he just stated his delusions calmly as a matter of fact. I don't know if the medicine caused the aggression." Ayelet emphasizes that she is not at all against the use of psychiatric medicines when they are needed and used correctly. "He is receiving medication in the psychiatric hospital where he is now. Not Seroquel, but something else, and it really helps him. I visit him every week. Now he can look back at everything and realize how absurd his paranoia was."
On the day of the incident, March 2, Bob and Fruma came to visit. They had done so every two weeks during the past few months, to talk, help around the house, play with the children, and ease the burden of having three small children under the age of five, and not having supporting family members around. They were not aware of the situation, except from Ayelet's prayer request to the congregation.
As they arrived, Shimon left to go for a walk. Ayelet broke down crying and shared with Bob and Fruma the troubles and ordeals they've been through, and that they aren't sure what Shimon is suffering from. When Shimon got back, Fruma went to the garden, holding their 3-month-old baby. Abruptly, with no warning, Shimon then walked out to the garden holding a brick, and hit Fruma in the head. Fruma fell over, holding the baby. Ayelet screamed to him to stop, the children screamed in terror, but there was no stopping him. Ayelet tried to protect Fruma, but was hurt herself in the hand. At that point Bob came running out, and Ayelet took the baby and gathered the kids. She fled the scene while calling the police.
"I think I just said our address over and over. I was in such shock, I had forgotten my Hebrew, I just shouted in English that they must come immediately," she told KNI. "The neighbor's door was open, so we just walked right in. I told them to lock the door, put on a children's program and give the kids snacks. They realized it was an emergency and complied. The first call I made after I had called the police was to the psychiatrist we had seen a few days earlier. I pressured him to tell me what he thought was wrong. He said he can't say after just one meeting and he wants further evaluation, but when I told him what just happened, he was shocked too, and revealed to me he believes Shimon might have schizophrenia."
It took months before she could see Shimon again. "I really felt widowed, and I still do to some extent," Ayelet tells KNI. "It was hard to let go of all our plans and realize I might not have the chance to grow old with him."
Shimon was given a lawyer who said in a statement to the press that "from speaking at length with my client, I had a very hard time communicating with him and I got the impression that he was not in the best mental health, to say the least. We have requested that he be evaluated by a psychiatrist so we can see whether he has any understanding or knowledge of what happened, or his surroundings."
Ayelet later learned that they had locked up Shimon in an isolated cell for 23 hours a day during the first few months. They denied him medicines and he suffered from deep psychosis. The cell was under surveillance and designed to prevent the prisoner from committing suicide, but that didn't prevent the voices from telling him to. They told him to hurt himself, and he still has a scar from trying to do that.
Now, in the psychiatric ward, he receives treatment. "Shimon is very upset about what he did," Ayelet tells KNI. "It's like waking up from a nightmare to him. He doesn't understand how this could happen. He gets strong medicines and is cognitively okay – he understands, he is no longer delusional. But the strong medicines make him emotionally numb. His mother died in an accident a few months ago, and he wasn't even able to cry. He is not back to himself and I don't know if he ever will be. Psychotic breaks can cause permanent damage to the brain, and we won't know for a long time if that happened to him."
"I don't know what God's purpose for my life is, but it might have something to do with raising awareness about mental illness among believers," Ayelet says. "I want to learn more about the spiritual side of this. I want to learn what really happens to people in psychosis and how to help them. There are a lot of believers who suffer, and it's a taboo in many congregations. I was once skeptic about people's spiritual experiences, but I have seen this first hand now."
Ayelet explains that people with this mental illness hear audible voices, and she is convinced that they are demons. "They never tell you to do something nice, it's always evil," she says, emphasizing that the enemy is very real and alive in our lives.
However, she doesn't deny science or psychiatry. "It's a medical issue, you can see it on the brain in an MRI. Some people receive electric shock therapy for it. There are also genetic factors to mental illness, and traumas which can trigger it. It's all a very complex issue – but I really believe the root cause is spiritual."
Ayelet asks KNI's readers to pray for supernatural strength for her. It's a tremendous challenge to take care of the kids by herself without family. She also asks to pray for comfort for the grieving over her losses. Her children who miss their father and have to grow up without him also need prayers.
Shimon now prays every day and is establishing a renewed relation with God. They allow him to have a simple phone with only calls and SMS, and he talks to Ayelet every day. Even though he was sentenced to 25 years, good behavior can get him released in as little as ten years.
"The chords of death entangled me; the torrents of destruction overwhelmed me. … He reached down from on high and took hold of me; he drew me out of deep waters. He rescued me from my powerful enemy, from my foes, who were too strong for me." Psalm 18:4,16-17.
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Tuvia Pollack is a teacher and translator and also an unpublished writer of historical fiction novels depicting Judeo- Christian relations throughout history. His website is tuviapollack.com.
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