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Review: Walk the Edge by Katie McGarry
Title: Walk the Edge (Thunder Road #2)
Author: Katie McGarry
Date of publication: 29 March 2016
Genre: YA/NA romance, bikers
Author's links:
Facebook / Website / Twitter / Goodreads
One moment of recklessness will change their worlds.
Smart. Responsible. That's seventeen-year-old Breanna's role in her large family, and heaven forbid she put a toe out of line. Until one night of shockingly un-Breanna-like behavior puts her into a vicious cyber-bully's line of fire—and brings fellow senior Thomas "Razor" Turner into her life.
Razor lives for the Reign of Terror motorcycle club, and good girls like Breanna just don't belong. But when he learns she's being blackmailed over a compromising picture of the two of them—a picture that turns one unexpected and beautiful moment into ugliness—he knows it's time to step outside the rules.
And so they make a pact: he'll help her track down her blackmailer, and in return she'll help him seek answers to the mystery that's haunted him—one that not even his club brothers have been willing to discuss. But the more time they spend together, the more their feelings grow. And suddenly they're both walking the edge of discovering who they really are, what they want, and where they're going from here.
This is the second book in Katie McGarry's Thunder Road series of YA/NA motorcycle club stories. I haven't been reading much YA lately but I love Ms McGarry's books and though the first one in this series was not a big hit with me, I was excited to try the next one.
I can honestly say I loved this one. It was so real and emotional, nothing light-hearted and easy about it. Its depth and seriousness were convincingly presented and the author made me care deeply about the characters.
I loved both Breanna and Razor and their romance was such a pleasure to follow. They seem complete opposites and two people who have nothing in common, yet they turned out to be just what the other needed.
I liked how the story explored serious issues they both face – her difficult family situation, the isolation even from her siblings and parents, all her hopes and dreams crushed because of family obligations, her parents' lack of care or proper concern about Breanna's feelings. Her family were not downright bad, just complicated, well-meaning but also oblivious and missing a lot of what was going on with their kids.
Razor's troubles and issues were much heavier in a way – troubles with the motorcycle club, his distrust of those closest to him (and it was well deserved because they were all keeping secrets from him, which was the least pleasant element of the story for me and one I really disliked), problems at school, the unresolved issue of his mother's death and the public opinion of him as crazty, unstable, dangereous bad boy biker.
Ultimately, what brought Breanna and Razor together was a mix of their own issues and just a little help of a truly nasty classmate. The whole blackmail situation was very interesting and highlighted a problem common for many young people, online harassment/bullying. I think the author handled the issues really well drawing attention to its importance in present day and how difficult it is for young people to fight it.
I also really loved the romance in the story – tender and tentative, first-time love, some naivete, some misunderstandings, but so much heart-warming love and desire to be together despite everybody's disapproval. Things didn't magically work out for Razor and Breanna. They issues they had were serious and needed time and interference from all the adults around them to be properly solved by the end.
It's a story of personal growth, of first love, of (re)building family relationships and building your way into the future.
Depth and profoundness, a YA romance that deals with real issues many young people face. It's tender and sweet but doesn't shy away from the rougher edges of life, especially keeping in mind that Razor is a member of a (legitimate) motorcycle club.
It explores ideas of image and appearances, how the other see and judge you and how you see yourself and finding your way into adulthood.
Ms McGarry is my to-go author for YA romance and heartily recommend all her books for her realistic and compassionate treatment of the many of the issues young people face today. There will be more books in this series and I can't wait to see what she has prepared in store for us with them.
Purchase links: Amazon / B&N | ibooks | Indie | Kobo
Tags: Bikers, Katie McGarry, Reviews, Series, Young Adult
Review: Uncharted by Adriana Anders
Review: Act Like It by Lucy Parker
Review: Out of Frame by Megan Erickson
Review: Chase Me by Laura Florand
Review: A Gentleman's Position by K. J. Charles
Interview with Amy Jo Cousins on her Bend or Break...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Here's How Much Money You Could Get of the $2 Trillion in Relief
The U.S. Senate passed the $2 trillion coronavirus relief bill unanimously. If the House passes it, here's how much help you and your family could receive.
More: Buffalo's 'Raven the Science Maven' Raps About the Coronavirus [Video]
Credit: CNN
More: Free Food Distribution Event Today for Those in Need
If you are in need after losing your job or having your hours cut, you could be getting help soon, if the House passes the bill. According to CNN, if you are single and your income is $75,000 per year of less, you'll receive $1,200. The assistance gets cut off for single people if they have an income of $99,000 and up. Here's the breakdown of aid for Americans making between $80,000 and $98,000 - $80,000/$900, $85,000/$700, $90,000/$400 and $95,000/$200. This is based on your tax return from 2019, unless you haven't filed yet, then it will be based off your 2018 tax return.
More: NYS Offers Special Enrollment for Uninsured Residents
For married couples, here are the amounts:
$150,000 or less - $2,400
$160,000 - $1,900
$180,000 - $900
$198,000 or more - $0
If you have a child aged 16 or younger, you are eligible to receive $500 per child, although it doesn't apply for folks with higher incomes. A single parent whose income is more than $109,000 will not receive the child credit. Married couples whose combined income is higher than $208,000, will not get the child credit.
As for unemployment benefits, the stimulus bill would provide you with $600 per week in addition to what you receive from the state. This would last up to 4 months, if needed. Gig workers, like DJs, Uber drivers, etc. will be allowed to apply for unemployment benefits, although the amount they receive may not be the same.
Here are some other articles you might enjoy:
2020 Buffalo Concerts and Shows Guide
There are More Than 20 Other Cities Named Buffalo
10 Best Restaurants in Buffalo According to Yelp
13 Menu Items Fast Food Workers Say to Never Order
Food and Drink Festivals in Buffalo Guide [List]
9 Movies Shot in Buffalo
7 Bed, 7 Bath Mansion for Sale in Buffalo [PHOTOS]
7 Movies You May Not Know Are Set in or Reference Buffalo
Top 5 Female Gangsters of New York
9 Famous People You May Not Know Are From Buffalo
The Most Infamous Mob Crime Families and Mafia Bosses in Buffalo [List]
The First Prisoner Ever To Be Killed By The Electric Chair Was From Buffalo!
The 6 Most Infamous Serial Killers From Buffalo and WNY! [List]
Filed Under: COVID-19, COVID-19 Coronavirus, Yasmin Young
Categories: National and World News


Former Bachelorette contestant DeMario Jackson says he will be taking "swift and appropriate legal action" amid the fallout from allegations of misconduct that halted production on ABC's reality showBachelor in Paradise.
The 30-year-old is one of two contestants at the center of allegations over a sexual encounter, possibly without consent, that prompted a producer to file an internal complaint that led Warner Bros. to halt filming on the Bachelor spinoff. Multiple outlets have indicated that alcohol may have played a role.
"It's unfortunate that my character and family name has been assassinated this past week with false claims and malicious allegations," Jackson said in a statement via his publicist, Eve Sarkisyan-Nunn. "I will be taking swift and appropriate legal action until my name is cleared and, per the advice of legal counsel, will be seeking all available remedies entitled to me under the laws."
On Wednesday, Bachelor alum Corinne Olympios issued a statement claiming that she is "a victim" in the incident, and has spent the last week "trying to make sense of what happened on June 4," the night in question.
"Although I have little memory of that night, something bad obviously took place, which I understand is why production on the show has now been suspended and a producer on the show has filed a complaint against the production," she said. "As a woman, this is my worst nightmare and it has now become my reality."
Though she provided few details, Olympios also said she has hired an attorney "to obtain justice," suggesting she plans a lawsuit against producers. Jackson followed her lead, indicating he may file a suit or countersuit.
News broke Sunday that filming on the summer series had been suspended with the studio promising an investigation and "appropriate responsive action."
The fourth season of the show, which brings together former Bachelor and Bachelorette contestants in a tropical location where they might fall in love, had been underway in Mexico and was due to return for a fourth season in early August. Though the studio has yet to announce whether the show will push back the original air date, or cancel the season altogether, the deadline for resuming production in time to meet the Aug. 8 date is approaching.
Host Chris Harrison came to the show's defense Monday, urging fans to be patient as the allegations are being investigated.
Harrison said he felt the need to speak out "with all the rumors" and "competing details in the various press accounts of the incident. And there's a lot of misinformation out there, too," he said. "We urge everyone to be patient until the investigation is complete."


On the night of November 5, 2006, the Barrick family was driving home from church when their van was struck by a drunk driver. Fifteen-year-old Jen suffered multiple skull fractures and severe brain trauma and was not expected to survive the night. But against all odds, she did. As she lingered in a coma, doctors warned that if Jen ever woke up, she would be brain damaged. Instead, after five weeks she opened her eyes and began praying and praising God. Jen didn't remember her middle name or recognise her parents, but she remembered Jesus.
Miracle for Jen is the remarkable true story of a family who overcame tragedy and learned to trust God's plan for their lives in a whole new way.


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Home » Race Realism » The Physical Reality of Race
The Physical Reality of Race
Rational people can just look at people of different ancestries and see that there is something to what we call "race." We notice that others look different based on where their ancestors came from and we classify people into different races on the basis of their physical appearance. Anti-biological racial realists may point to the fact that there is more variation within races than between them (Lewontin, 1972; Rosenberg et al, 2002; Witherspoon et al, 2007; Hunley, Cabana, and Long, 2016; Hardimon, 2017). While this is true, this does not mean that race is "just a social construct" (a phrase used to deflate the meaning of "race"); it is both a social construct and a biological reality.
The definition of race is simple—a group of populations which genetically transmit heritable characteristics which correspond to that group's geographic ancestry who also belong to a biological line of descent which was initiated by a geographically isolated and reproductively isolated founding populations (Hardimon, 2017). Note how this definition says nothing about differences in allele frequencies between populations between populations—because, for these purposes, they're irrelevant for the argument being made. The fact of the matter is, the reality of race hinges on two things: (1) the heritable differences between population groups which were geographically/reproductively isolated and (2) our ability to discern these population groups by their phenotype.
A great book on the history of race, its meaning and how the term was used over the ages is Race: The Reality of Human Differences by Sarich and Miele (2004). For the purposes of this piece, the first two chapters are the most important, since they touch on aspects of race that I have in the past—mainly the fact that we only need phenotype to discern one's race. People from Europe look phenotypically different from people from Africa who look phenotypically different from people from Asia etc. These differences between these groups are evidence that race exists—these racial differences in phenotype are due, in part, to the climate they evolved in while geographically and reproductively isolated (two conditions for racehood).
Sarich and Miele (2004: 29) write:
Vince [Sarich; one of the authors of the book] naively asked for the legal definition of "race" and was told there wasn't one.
As we began working on this book, we discussed the issue of the legal definition of "race" … He informed us that there is still no legal definition of "race"; nor, as far as we know, does it appear that the legal system feels the need for one. Thus, it appears that the most adversarial part of our complex society, the legal system, not only continues to accept the existence of "race" but also relies on the ability of the average individual to sort people into races. Our legal system treats "racial identification" as self-evident …
The courts have come to accept the commonsense definition of race, and it is this commonsense view that, as we show, best conforms to reality. A look at two recent (2000) cases is illustrative. In both Rice v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs and in Hank v. Rochester School District, neither side raised any questions about the existence of human races or the ability of the average citizen to make valid judgements as to who belongs to which race (even if the racial categories are euphemistically termed "peoples" or "populations"). No special expertise was assumed or granted in defining or recognizing race other than the everyday commonsense usage, as given in the Oxford English Dictionary, that a race is "a group of persons connected by common descent" or "a tribe, nation, or people, regarded as common stock." The courts and the contending parties, in effect, accepted the existence of race and the ability of the ordinary person to distinguish between races based on a set of physical features.
In Rice v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Rice challenged the state of Hawaii since they did not allow him to vote—on the basis that he was not a native Hawaiian, and that the electoral system of Hawaii is for the benefit of Hawaiians and Hawaiians only. Everyone agreed that Rice was a Hawaiian citizen—but he did not have Hawaiian ancestry, so he could not be recognized as "Hawaiian" under state law. However, the SCOTUS overturned the ruling (that Rice should not be allowed to vote on the basis of not having Hawaiian ancestry) 7-2, citing the 15th amendment: "The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Sarich and Miele (2004: 31) write "The 15th amendment is explicit—race means what the average person thinks it means—and the majority of the Supreme Court read it that way." (Also see Hong, 2008 for an overview of the case.)
On the other hand, in Haak v. Rochester School District, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a white fourth-grade student named Jessica Haak could transfer from her current district to another district (full of whites) since the transfer program was initiated with the idea of lessening the racial isolation of the adjoining districts. Jessica's mother cited the 14th amendement, and a district court ruled in their favor but the Second Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the decision. "A "minority pupil" was defined as "a pupil who is of Black or Hispanic origin or is a member of another minority group that historically has been the subject of discrimination" (Sarich and Miele, 2004: 31).
The critical points here are that in both Rice and Haak, neither side raised any questions about the existence of human races or the ability of the average citizen to make valid judgements as to who belongs to which race. No special expertise was assumed or granted in defining or recognizing race other than the everyday usage of the term. In Rice, the court, in effect, took judicial notice of the commonsense definition of race. In Haak, the court accepted physical appearance as a valid means by which the average citizen can recognize races and distinguish among them.
In short, the courts accepted the existence of race, even if the legislature was afraid to use the offending word.
Despite the fact that Sarich and Miele (2004) claim that there is no legal definition of race, Cornell Law School has one definition stating that "the term "racial group" means a set of individuals whose identity as such is distinctive in terms of physical characteristics or biological descent." While the Law Dictionary, citing the 15th amendment writes that race is "A tribe, people, or nation, belonging or supposed to belong to the same stock or lineage. "Race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Const U. S., Am. XV." (Also see Hoffman, 2004 who argues that "race" should not be used in the legal system.)
Notice how Sarich and Miele's (2004) description of "race" and what "race" is almost—word-for-word—like Spencer's Blumenbachian partitions (Spencer, 2014). Americans defer to the US Census Bureau on matters of race; the US Census Bureau defers to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) who speak of sets of populations; these sets of populations correspond to geographic clusters who have distinct phenotypes based on their geographic ancestry, which the average American can discern; therefore race exists. Spencer states that when Americans refer to "race" that Americans refer to both a social construct and a biological reality—that is, Americans socially construct race (think of how Hardimon's minimalist concept of race is related to the concept of socialrace) but these social constructs do have biological underpinnings which can be discerned in two ways: (1) just observation of phenotypes and (2) looking into the genomes of genetically related individuals who make up these population groups.
Even the ancients distinguished races and sorted them on the basis of hair color/type, skin color, physiognomy etc. "[The Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Indians, and Chinese] sorted [broad racial groups] based upon the same set of characteristics—skin color, hair form, and head shape" while "it is evident that they relied upon a set of observable features (skin color and form, body build, facial features) quite similar to those used in the commonsense notion of race and the racial classifications of nineteenth-century anthropology to sort the many diverse groups they encountered into a smaller number of categories" (Sarcih and Miele, 2004: 42).
It is very clear that, ever since antiquity at the very least, we have been classifying racial groups on the basis of phenotype—and, come to find out, this is one of the best ways to sort people—and you don't even need to look at genetic differences between groups. Phenotype is clearly enough to delineate racial groupings, you don't need genes to delineate race. We only need to recognize that (1) people look different on the basis of where they (or their ancestors) came from; (2) observe that these physical differences between people who come from different places are between real and existing groups; (3) people have common ancestry with others; (4) people derive from distinct geographic locations; so (5) we can infer that race exists.
Race is very clearly a reality—both biologically and socially. At least three sound arguments exist for the existence of race (Sarich and Miele, 2004; Spencer, 2014; Hardimon, 2017; see Hardimon's and Spencer's arguments at length). Even those in antiquity delineated races on the basis of physical features—exactly what has been argued by Spencer and Hardimon. Race is physically real—people look different from each other individually, ethnically, and racially.
Biological racial realism is true, and if biological racial realism is true then race exists.
(1) If groups of people look different from each other depending on where their ancestors evolved, then race exists.
(2) Groups of people look different from each other depending on where their ancestors evolved.
(3) Therefore, race exists since people look different depending on where their ancestors evolved.
Tags: Race Realism
By RaceRealist in Race Realism on October 28, 2018 .
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i love hitler says:
why do you care about this shit anymore?
the EU was and is just another german attempt at world domination.
italy will say
NEIN MEIN HERR!
because italians can't be cucked.
italians are cuck-proof!
so peepee has banned me. that's 100% of all HBD blogs who've banned me.
i am an actual BGI volunteer…says so much about HBDers.
the point is italexit is inevitable…
because italy is a big and important country and…
italians are un-cuck-able.
FUCK YOU MEIN HERR!
The Philosopher says:
Funnily enough the only blogs that posted my comments were Puppy and Chateau Heartiste. CH because hes not a fuckin retard and/or is minded about retards/JIDF people who will use salacious comments as an excuse to shut down their blog…..actually I think thats what happened to robert lindsay.
Oliver D. Smith says:
I debunked this argument in my older response to you, citing various sources…
"Forensic anthropologists who study osteology are able to determine the biogeographical ancestry of human remains at "relatively high-allocation accuracies (often more than 80%, but rarely more than 90%)" (Albanese & Sanders, 2006: 309). However, these relatively high accuracy rates are restricted to local populations. As an example Giles & Elliot (1962) took 8 measurements from skulls at the archaeological site Indian Knoll, Kentucky to construct a reference sample to identify an "American Indian" race based on discriminant function analysis (based on multivariate distances to the reference sample centroid). When tested on crania from Inuit/Eskimo people (Labrador, Canada): only 64.4% were correctly identified (Birkby, 1966), while Fisher & Gill (1990: 59) accurately classified as low as 25.9% (m) and 37.5% (f) skulls (= 31.7%) from north-west US Plains Indian tribes (Goodman, 1997). In a separate test on skulls from the same site of the reference sample (Indian Knoll): 92% of crania were correctly identified (Birkby, 1966) meaning while it is possible at relatively high (but not total) accuracy to determine biogeographical ancestry of human remains from local populations that form reference samples: "the method performed very poorly when it was applied to samples outside [of] the reference sample used to develop the original method" (Albanese & Sanders, 2006: 285)."
In other words, we can physically distinguish local populations (e.g. Indian Knoll) at a high accuracy rate, but not broad/continental groups of populations that are too heterogenous and look too physically dissimilar i.e. Indian Knoll crania don't look much like north-west US Plains Indian tribes. So there's no "American Indian" race. The same applies to Europeans and Africans; we may for example distinguish Swedes to Greeks and the latter to Yoruba, but it makes no sense to group any of these together. Thus William W. Howells amended Livingstone's (1962) aphorism "there are no races, there are only clines" to "there are no races, there are only [local] populations" (Ousley et al. 2009).
let's take the case of the red sea. if 10 yemenis and 10 eritreans, somalis, ethiopians, or djiboutians were selected at random, i would wager a lot that i'd be able to assign each one to his side of the red sea.
I suggest you read Howells, W. W. (1995). "Who's Who in Skulls: Ethnic Identification of Crania from Measurements". Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. 82: 1-118.
This was one of the books that converted me from a 'race realist' to anti-racial realist about 6 years ago. Howells himself changed his position from arguing for races ("Caucasoid", "Mongoloid", "Negroid" etc) to instead realise these broad continental groups have no utility and aren't biologically real; using 57 cranial measurements from 2500+ skulls across the globe – Howell's discovered "individuals assign themselves to specific populations better than to 'races' or regional samples" (Howells, 1995: 103-104), so for example, we can identify local populations e.g. Moriori, Ainu or Norse from their skulls but grouping populations into broad categories is a waste of time and decreases accuracy at skeletal identification.
As though I told you in my older response, I'm glad you abandoned the hereditarianism junk for Hardimon's 'minimalist races', but to progress to the next stage you should give up the latter. https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Hereditarianism#Racialism
^^^virtue signalling^^^
if i can look at you and tell where your ancestors lived 3000 years ago. i can usually tell what type of language their ancient ancestors spoke too, just by looking at them. must be a magical power, because it's "scientifically impossible".
the races of man are only a smidgen arbitrary or whatever you like as a result of barriers to gene flow in the form of uninhabitable areas between populations…or nearly uninhabitable.
the sahara
the kalahari
the bosporus
the himalaya
the tasman sea
the pacific ocean
the bering strait
the north american arctic
the gobi
just look where people don't live on a map. these are the barrier zones which CAUSE the OBVIOUS races of man.
of course by "the tasman sea" i meant the torres strait. so embarrassing.
the point is…
your instincts should always be trusted unless and until proven wrong.
there are "clines" on the india/burma border (NARROW BORDER) and on the india and nepal/china border..
but the in-between people are like an extra inch on a vinatieri kick.
irrelevant and stupid.
the european walks on the moon.
if i can look at you and tell where your ancestors lived 3000 years ago. i can usually tell what type of language your ancient ancestors spoke too, just by looking at you.
Those geographical barriers once existed millennia ago, but they don't today. I already covered this in my old response to RaceRealist:
"A genetic study on the Sherpa has shown that contrary to the Himalayan mountains being a geographical barrier: "the Himalayas have been permeable to bidirectional gene flow" (Kang et al. 2016). Similarly Frank Livingstone ([1964], 1967: 76) doubted the existence of the Sahara desert as an obstacle to mobility and gene flow. His scepticism was confirmed by Tishkoff et al. (2009) who found no genetic discontinuity between populations in the Sahara and adjacent Sahel, but a genetic continuum that can be seen in principal component analysis: "another geographically contiguous cluster extends across northern Africa into Mali (the Dogon)". Tishkoff and colleagues used STRUCTURE and with a global data set produced numerous more clusters of populations (K = 14) than Rosenberg et al., revealing clustering is a computational artefact. Furthermore, within Africa alone, Tishkoff et al. created K = 6; the number of clusters thus doesn't mirror reality in the sense of carving nature at its joints."
For this reason there are no discontinuous genetic clusters and any clustering is a computational artefact by arbitrarily slicing the genetic continua, so for example Tishkoff et al. and Rosenberg et al. (two different studies using STRUCTURE) produced completely different group clustering of populations. Now what? This shows genetic clusters don't have an objective reality.
Unfortunately it seems the anti-race realist view is being straw manned and misrepresented. We don't deny population structure and the ability to determine someone's biogeographical ancestry at a high success rate (80-90% in forensic anthropology using the skull, up to 99% in population genetics), what we are merely saying is that biogeographical ancestry is restricted to local rather than continental regions –
"Application of much of population genetics works best when considering variation between local populations and not between aggregates. The fine detail of our species' evolutionary history and its impact on patterns of genetic variation are lost when trying to categorize and classify into races." (Relethford, 2017)
The reason the pseudoscience of race won't die is because of Americans who created racial social constructs e.g. "white American" "black American" etc. because they're primarily a mixture of different ethnicities e.g. Trump has German and Irish ancestry.
In contrast across Europe and Africa, most people don't identify as "white" or "black" but by their local ethnicity.
This person has alzheimers.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.[1][2] It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.[1][2] The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss).[1] As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues.[1][2] As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society
the point is the supposedly "naive"/intuitive/obvious categorization prior to genomics corresponds to the most "natural"/least artificial categorization of genomes, skulls/facial skeletons, and geography.
saying "there are no races only clines" is like saying "there are no rich people only people with a lot of pennies."
it's dumb and pc/pathological altruism/virtue signalling/soy boy/german/french/ etc.
there are no colors only wavelengths…he laughed hysterically.
except the races of man are much more distinct than colors, because the intermediate colors are more frequently observed than the intermediate populations, and this because the intermediate populations are small in number.
that jew shenk's book should be mandatory reading for all HBDers. checked it out from my local public lib. it was like my comments…except by a jew.
it coulda been better. he never named "norms of reaction". and i'm pretty sure he never grokked that concept.
and the text, apart from the notes, is only 135 pages. it's not a time suck.
would be interesting to ask shenk…
"what are the political consequences of GxEism?"
my POV is…
it seems to be so "far right" that the globalists don't even have a name for it.
and at the same time "far left" of corbyn and bernie.
iceland is the ideal polity/sovereign state.
all others are gay.
btw, you may have seen these polygenic risk score plots where the 99th percentile in score corresponds to an 8 fold increase in risk over an average score or something like that.
such a plot corresponds to a heritability of about 15% by my calculations. so the missing heritability is still missing…bigly!
never forget!
if rr is still on EST it'll be at 5am tomorrow…
100 trips round the sun since the end of the war to end all wars.
for italy ww i was the big one, not ww ii.
A very sad day indeed when Puppy decides the only people allowed comment are people that also have severe and unrestrained aspergers. Which is dumb because everyone knows robots cant talk to each other. I always wondered what the Google AI people do for the Turing Test. Do they hire someone without aspergers to come in to talk to the machines, because it doesn't make sense to have someone who has worn the same shirt for 60 days straight asking a robot calculation questions as if that was an everyday convo topic. Very sad. Very sad. First Jimmy, a great soldier. A great intellect, dashed into the rocks like a tumbleweed doll. Of course RR will never get banned by Puppy because RR literally copies and pastes CNN editorials for his comments on topics. Very sad. But thats life.
i tried to comment but couldn't because autism.
because rr has autism. like the 0.0001% of italians who have autism.
but scalia was a male lesbian. that's true.
Btw, i found PP´s twitter:
Tweets by Pathogenome
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/11/politics/donald-trump-armistice-day-paris/index.html
Jew puppet warning everyone gentile about being tribal. Very sad. He even looks homosexual.
Some of the comments on puppys blog are ridiculous. As we all know, if Animekitty posts porn in the thread, that gets a thumbs up. If I make a comment that in any way questions the veracity of certain 'historical events' that are alleged to have happened mid century, anything I say on WW2 is banned even if it has nothing to do with aforesaid ALLEGED event. Puppy should also ban anyone that remembers WW2 now in case anyone questions the veracity of the idea Hitler was the bad guy.
all bloggers are autistic relative to non-bloggers.
https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10499.html
Suprised the author isn't jewish. Usually they assign one of their own to 'contextualise' concepts like this. If I recall, every single source someone used to 'debunk' what I was saying was always authored or circular referenced by a jew. RR in particular for whatever reason seems only to read Jewish story books. So it was a mild surprise seeing this on ur twitter.
so much for ron and his peasants like sailer. dude is obvious mossad. https://www.unz.com/runz/racial-politics-in-america-and-in-california/
rr's bedtime story:
that was the ultimate orwellian moment!
a gay puppet of the jews saying "nationalism is unpatriotic."
french people are so fucking retarded.
freedom is slavery.
war is peace.
ignorance is strength.
diversity is our strength.
nationalism is unpatriotic.
Speaking of France. Afro is going insane:
It's coming to you whitey, lmaohttps://t.co/UxTWjX83ys
— It's JJ, bitch! 🇫🇷🇪🇺🇭🇹🇮🇱🇲🇦 (@CanWeChill44) April 2, 2018
Hahaha, Malaria kills only 430,000 out of 212 million cases in Africa.
When the disease comes to Europe, the death toll will be genocidal, and there is no vaccine, only drugs that you can't take for too long because of their horrible side effects.https://t.co/8dK63C1rF2
Of course it will be genocidal, there's a dozen of upcoming tropical diseases for which you have no genetic resistance and for which there are no vaccines and no medication that can protect you in the long term. So the end of your people will come even faster than you believe.
Some bonus stuff: https://twitter.com/SatyreContraire/status/1063389643683622913
Remember this one?
Everything looks better in synchronized pairs 👯 @ruthjean86 #partnerworkout #core #abs
A post shared by Pierre Vuala 🇭🇹🇺🇸 (@pierre_vuala) on Oct 25, 2016 at 2:01pm PDT
#Coachella or #Wakanda ? . . . . . . . . . #hipster #coachellavibes #steerskull #desertvalley #melaninpoppin
A post shared by Pierre Vuala 🇭🇹🇺🇸 (@pierre_vuala) on Apr 16, 2018 at 12:44pm PDT
https://www.instagram.com/pierre_vuala/?hl=sv
https://www.facebook.com/pierrev89
https://www.youtube.com/user/pvuala89/videos
Where does it mention lawyer or france? It does mention Haiti though.
Is this ShylockSapiens?
She has blacks in her family https://www.instagram.com/p/Bk80u_0hmnT/
perhaps unfortunately…perhaps not…
Goodfellas is the movie for which scorsese will be remembered 100 years from now…i expect.
Puppy Person says:
Downloading latest opinions from CNN servers. Please do not switch off this machine while updates are being installed.
The following TV programmes and films are deemed 'necessary, by force' for viewers:
The Passion of Trayvon Martin
Undercover at the KKK (FBI series)
Undercover at 4Chan (FBI series)
Undercover at Pumpkinperson.com (JIDF series)
The Birth of a Nation and all Harvey Weinstein films
Why OJ Simpson is INNOCENT
10 hour lecture by Stephen Jay Gould on why race is an optical illusion
The Sermons of Rabbi Stephen Wise
You know that hidden figures is for real right?
Currently expressing anger at western illegal immigration enforcement.
Currently expressing pride in Israeli illegal immigration enforcement.
Today I discovered an interesting fact from my web crawling sub routine.
The 9-11 terrorist attacks took place on September 11, 2001.
The square root of 6 is 2.449.
Oprahs head size is exactly 34 cm3
If you divide 2.449 by 34 user will receive an answer of 72.
User Query: What is race?
'Race' is an optical illusion made up by anti-Semites to discredit and disrupt the harmony of a diverse population.
if rr has any spare change he might try selling the march april spread in nat gas. in percentage terms it's at an all time high of 35%. since 1990 the highest ever recorded was 28%. and futures spreads are mean reverting.
i watched Bigger, Stronger,… last night. i guess because the guys are from nj and they interview that synthol freak valentino this is a movie rr loves. but valentino seemed like a cool guy. mark's wife was pretty hot.
but one issue the movie never addressed and which i've never heard addresses is: suppose you juice for a while then stop but maintain your lifting routine…do you lose strength? if not, then juicing is cool…except huge muscles may tax the body as much as lots of fat. these yuge guys need to run a sub 6m mile to be truly impressive.
and as his father predicted mike bell did die prematurely.
i blame 'roids for his heart attack.
It was ruled that he died of an inhalation-induced heart attack brought on by an accidental inhalation of difluoroethane in Dust-Off.
no. that's NOT what happened. "ruled" by whom? the page is likely curated by his family.
the most interesting thing was that gay guy who claimed steroids had basically cured his AIDS. i wonder. if he was actually telling the truth that would be fascinating.
for health the ideal is gain a lot of muscle, especially in the lower body, then become a vegan/intermittent faster/etc.
I think theyve noticed steroids makes chickens die quicker when they do those factory farm studies. You also get a lot of bone problems. Steroids making people fight off AIDS is already done is it not? One of the first things some doctors prescribe to beef up someone with a weak immune system is pharmaceutical/medicinal steroids.
I used to watch a lot of pro wrestling.
I would say steroids is a bad idea for your health in the long term. But might be a good idea if you were recovering from a serious injury or had some chronic immune system issue.
Basically the number 1 reason men juice is to get laid more.
And the reasoning is very sound. Women do care a lot about a guys body. Even more than a guy does about a womans body.
yes. what makes and what made america great was its diversity. the bill of rights was written by black lesbians, puerto rican faggots, and benjamin franklin.
yeah. obviously for all "wasting diseases" steroids are an established part of the treatment some of the time, but this guy claimed steroids had basically CURED him.
he claimed he'd come down with PCP in 1992. effective drugs only came along in 1996 iirc. and he claimed his t-cell count went from 2 to 300 just from the 'roids. that is, without 'roids he'd've died before 1996 for sure. he went from basically no immune system to a good enough immune system just from the 'roids.
but gays tend to exaggerate.
This guy died in his early 50s.
They should just survey pro wrestlers and pro bodybuilders and see at what point any health benefit is superseded by the problems steroids give you.
There was another wrestler Chris Benoit who basically butchered his whole family. Some people say that may have been roid rage.
yep! if you juice i'd be sure to check your blood pressure and cholesterol/lipids frequently. liver cancer may be a myth, but accelerated atherosclerosis is a fact for some juicers.
One of the well known negative side effects of juicing is pre mature baldness. But Arny held up well.
The rock Dwayne Johnson is a good example of steroids causing baldness.
"We are going to continue to support the [Department of Defense]," Bezos said. "If big tech companies are going to turn their back on the U.S. Department of Defense, this country is going to be in trouble."
bezos is mentally retarded. yet peepee still worships rich people. what a loser.
Bezos owns the Wapo. You have to be pretty tied in to the deep state to not support israels cannon fodder.
eric striker (not his real name) is an italian american from the tri-state area, but he doesn't have an nyc accent afaict.
his politics are mine.
strike and mike is the best politics show available.
of all developed countries italy and israel have the highest approval ratings for trump. even though trump is a cuck, this shows italians are un-cuck-able. remember james traficant?
but those tri state people are the worst!
so unbelievably RUDE!
for them, "customer service" means the customer does service.
the older i get the more i appreciate genuine "social intelligence".
not because it will make you rich, but because it will make you happy.
and you'll see that those who don't have it make everyone else miserable.
Leave a Reply to i love hitler Cancel reply


text:
Directorate-General for External Security
Coordinates: 48°52′28″N 2°24′25″E / 48.8744°N 2.407°E / 48.8744; 2.407
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (October 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the French article.
You should also add the template {{Translated|fr|Direction générale de la Sécurité extérieure}} to the talk page.
The General Directorate for External Security (French: Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure, DGSE) is France's external intelligence agency. The French equivalent to the United Kingdom's MI6 and the United States' CIA, the DGSE operates under the direction of the French Ministry of Defence and works alongside its domestic counterpart, the DGSI (General Directorate for Internal Security), in providing intelligence and safeguarding national security, notably by performing paramilitary and counterintelligence operations abroad. As with most other intelligence agencies, details of its operations and organization are not made public.[1]
General Directorate for External Security
Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure
Partout où nécessité fait loi
("Wherever necessity makes law")
Preceding agency
External Documentation and Counter-Espionage Service
Government of France
141 Boulevard Mortier, Paris XX, France
US$731,807,192.50
Minister responsible
Florence Parly, Minister of Defence
Agency executive
Bernard Emié, Director
Parent agency
www.defense.gouv.fr/english/dgse
The DGSE's head office is in the 20th arrondissement of Paris.[2] The DGSE—like the intelligence services of other states—has a record of both failures and accomplishments.[3] It engages in a significant amount of economic espionage.[4]
OriginsEdit
The DGSE can trace its roots back to November 27, 1943, when a central external intelligence agency, known as the DGSS (Direction générale des services spéciaux), was founded by politician Jacques Soustelle. The name of the agency then was changed on October 26, 1944 for DGER (Direction générale des études et recherches). As this beginning was marred by numerous cases of nepotism, abuses and political feuds, Soustelle was removed from his position as Director.
Former free-fighter André Dewavrin aka "Colonel Passy" was tasked to reform the DGER; he fired more than 8,300 full-time intelligence workers on the 10,000 Soustelle had hired, and the agency was renamed SDECE (Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-espionnage) on December 28, 1945. The SDECE also combined under one head a variety of separate agencies – some, such as the best-known Deuxième Bureau aka 2e Bureau, created by the military circa 1871-1873 in the wake of the birth of the French Third Republic. During the WWII, and from July 1940 to November 27, 1943 more precisely, was created a wartime intelligence agency known as the BCRA (Bureau central de renseignements et d'action), with André Dewavrin as its head.
On April 2, 1982, the new socialist government of François Mitterrand deeply reformed the SDECE and renamed this agency DGSE.[5] The SDECE had remained independent until the mid-1960s, when it was discovered to have been involved in the kidnapping and presumed murder of Mehdi Ben Barka, a Moroccan revolutionary living in Paris. Following this scandal, it is officially said, the agency was placed under the control of the French Ministry of Defence. But in reality, foreign intelligence activities in France have always been supervised by the military since 1871 (for political reasons mainly relating to anti-Bonapartism at that time and to the rise of Socialism in France). Exceptions related to telecommunications interception and cyphering and code-breaking, which also were carried on by the police in territorial France, and by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs abroad. And also economic and financial intelligence, which first also were carried on by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and from 1915 on by the Ministry of Commerce until the aftermath of WWII, when the SDECE of the Ministry of Defence took over the specialty in partnership with the Ministry for the Economy and Finance.[6]
In 1992, most of the defence responsibilities of the DGSE, no longer suitable to the post-Cold War context, were transferred to the Military Intelligence Directorate (DRM), a new military agency.[7] Combining the skills and knowledge of five military groups, the DRM was created to close the intelligence gaps of the 1991 Gulf War.[8]
Cold War–era rivalriesEdit
The SDECE and DGSE have been shaken by numerous scandals. In 1968, for example, Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli, who had been an important officer in the French intelligence system for 20 years, asserted in published memoirs that the SDECE had been deeply penetrated by the Soviet KGB in the 1950s. He also indicated that there had been periods of intense rivalry between the French and U.S. intelligence systems. In the early 1990s a senior French intelligence officer created another major scandal by revealing that the DGSE had conducted economic intelligence operations against American businessmen in France.[9]
Dominique Poirier, ex-employee of the DGSE, confirms in a thick and highly detailed book about the DGSE he published in May 2018[10] that the priority targets of this agency are the United States and its allies, and he tells about missions and operations against the United States in particular in which he took part. Furthermore, not only Dominique Poirier reveals from first-hand knowledge a close cooperation of the DGSE with Russian foreign intelligence, which he say would date back to the 1970s as far as he could know it, but he also brings upon numerous clues and even evidences of the existence of a secret and long-lasting special relationship between France and Russia.
A major scandal for the service in the late Cold War was the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior in 1985. The Rainbow Warrior was sunk by operatives in what the service named Opération Satanique, killing one of the crew. The operation was ordered by the French President, François Mitterrand.[11] New Zealand was outraged that its sovereignty was violated by an ally, as was the Netherlands since the killed Greenpeace activist was a Dutch citizen and the ship had Amsterdam as its port of origin.
Political controversiesEdit
The agency was conventionally run by French military personnel until 1999, when former diplomat Jean-Claude Cousseran was appointed its head. Cousseran had served as an ambassador to Turkey and Syria, as well as a strategist in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cousseran reorganized the agency to improve the flow of information,[12] following a series of reforms drafted by Bruno Joubert, the agency's director of strategy at that time.[13]
This came during a period when the French government was formed as a cohabitation between left and right parties. Cousseran, linked to the Socialist Party, was therefore obliged to appoint Jean-Pierre Pochon of the Gaullist RPR as head of the Intelligence Directorate. Being conscious of the political nature of the appointment, and wanting to steer around Pochon, Cousseron placed one of his friends in a top job under Pochon. Alain Chouet, a specialist in terrorism, especially Algerian and Iranian networks, took over as chief of the Security Intelligence Service. He had been on post in Damascus at a time when Cousseran was France's ambassador to Syria. Chouet began writing reports to Cousseran that by-passed his immediate superior, Pochon.[13]
Politics eventually took precedence over DGSE's intelligence function. Instead of informing the president's staff of reports directly concerning President Chirac, Cousseran informed only Socialist prime minister Lionel Jospin, who was going to run against Chirac in the 2002 presidential election. Pochon learned of the maneuvers only in March 2002 and informed Chirac's circle of the episode. He then had a furious argument with Cousseran and was informally told he wasn't wanted around the agency anymore. Pochon nonetheless remained Director of Intelligence, though he no longer turned up for work. He remained "ostracized" until the arrival of a new DGSE director, Pierre Brochand, in August 2002.[13]
OrganizationEdit
DivisionsEdit
The DGSE includes the following services:
Directorate of Strategy
Directorate of Intelligence
Political intelligence service
Security intelligence service[13]
Technical Directorate (Responsible for electronic intelligence and devices)
Directorate of Operations
Action Division (Responsible for clandestine operations)
Technical Directorate (or COMINT Department)Edit
In partnership with the Direction du renseignement militaire, DRM (Directorate of Military Intelligence) and with considerable support from the Army in particular, and from the Air Force and the Navy to lesser extent, the DGSE is responsible for electronic spying abroad. Historically the Ministry of Defence in general has always been much interested in telecommunications interception. In the early 1880s a partnership between the Post Office (also in charge of all national telegraphic communications) and the Army gave birth to an important military telegraphy unit of more than 600 men; it settled in the Fort of the Mont Valérien near Paris. In 1888, the military settled the first service of telecommunications interception and deciphering in the Hôtel des Invalides, Paris—where it is still active today as an independent intelligence agency secretly created in 1959 under the name Groupement Interministériel de Contrôle or GIC (Inter-ministerial Control Group).
In 1910, the military unit of the Mont Valérien grew up with the creation of a wireless telecommunication station, and three years later it transformed into a regiment of about 1000 men. Anecdotally, government domestic Internet tapping and its best specialists are still located in the same area today (in underground facilities in Taverny and surroundings), though unofficially and not only. At about the same time, the Army and the Navy created several "listening stations" in the region of the Mediterranean Sea, and they began to intercept the coded wireless communications of the British and Spanish navies. It was the first joint use of wireless telegraphy and Cryptanalysis in the search for intelligence of military interest.
In the 1970s, the SDECE considerably developed its technical capacities in code-breaking, notably with the acquisition of a supercomputer Cray. In the 1980s, the DGSE heavily invested in satellite telecommunications interception, and created several satellite listening stations in France and overseas. The department of this agency responsible for telecommunications interception was anonymously called Direction Technique (Technical Directorate). But in the early 1990s the DGSE was alarmed by a steady and important decrease of its foreign telecommunication interception and gathering, as telecommunication by submarine cables was supplanting satellites. At that time the DGSE was using Silicon Graphics computers for code-breaking while simultaneously asking Groupe Bull computers to develop French-made supercomputers. Until then, the DGSE had been sheltering its computers and was carrying code-breaking 100 feet underground its headquarters of Boulevard Mortier, lest of foreign electronic spying and possible jamming. But this underground facility quickly became too small and poorly practical. That is why from 1987 to 1990 important works were carried on in the underground of the Taverny Air Base, whose goal was to secretly build a large communication deciphering and computer analysis center then called Centre de Transmission et de Traitement de l'Information, CTTI (Transmission and Information Processing Center). The CTTI was the direct ancestor of the Pôle National de Cryptanalyse et de Décryptement–PNCD (National Branch of Cryptanalysis and Decryption), launched to fit a new policy of intelligence sharing between agencies called Mutualisation du Renseignement (Intelligence Pooling). Once the work was finished, the huge underground of the former Taverny Air base, located in Taverny a few miles northeast of Paris, sheltered the largest Faraday cage in Europe (for protection against leaks of radio electric waves (see also Tempest (codename) for technical explanations) and possible EMP, attacks (see Nuclear electromagnetic pulse for technical explanations), with supercomputers working 24/7 on processing submarine cable telecommunications interception and signal deciphering. The Taverny underground facility also has a sister base located in Mutzig, also settled underground, which officially is sheltering the 44e Régiment de Transmissions, 44e RT (44th Signal Regiment). For today more than ever, signal regiments of the French Army still carries on civilian telecommunication interceptions under the pretense of training and military exercises in electronic warfare in peacetime. The DGSE otherwise enjoys the technical cooperation of the French companies Orange S.A. (which also provides cover activities to the staff of the Technical Directorate of the DGSE), and Alcatel-Lucent for its know-how in optical cable interception.
Allegedly, in 2007-2008 State Councilor Jean-Claude Mallet advised newly elected President Nicolas Sarkozy to invest urgently in submarine cable tapping, and in computer capacities to automatically collect and decipher optical data. This was undertaken in the early 2000s. Mallet planned the installation of a new computer system to break codes. Officially, this enormous foreign intelligence program began in 2008, and it was all set in 2013. Its cost would have amounted 700 million euros, and resulted in a first hiring of about 600 new DGSE employees, all highly skilled specialists in related fields. Since then the DGSE is constantly expending its staff of specialists in cryptanalysis, decryption and signal and computer engineers. For in 2018 about 90% of world trade is no longer going through satellites, but submarine fiber-optic cables drawn between continents. And the Technical Directorate of the DGSE mainly targets intelligence of financial and economic natures.
Remarkably, the DGSE, along with the DRM with which it works closely, have established together a partnership in telecommunication interception with its German counterpart the BND (the Technische Aufklärung, or Technical Directorate of this agency more particularly), and with an important support from the French Army with regard to infrastructures and means and staff. Thanks to its close partnership with the DRM, the DGSE also enjoys the service of the large spy ship French ship Dupuy de Lôme (A759), which entered the service of the French Navy in April 2006. The DGSE and the DRM since long also have a special agreement in intelligence with the United Arab Emirates, thanks to which these agencies share with the German BND a COMINT station located in the Al Dhafra Air Base 101. The DGSE also enjoys a partnership in intelligence activities with the National Intelligence Agency (South Africa).
Today the French intelligence community would rank second in the world behind the U.S. National Security Agency in capacities of telecommunication interceptions worldwide.[14]
Action DivisionEdit
Main article: Division Action
The action division (Division Action) is responsible for planning and performing clandestine operations. It also fulfills other security-related operations such as testing the security of nuclear power plants (as it was revealed in Le Canard Enchaîné in 1990) and military facilities such as the submarine base of the Île Longue, Bretagne. The division's headquarters are located at the fort of Noisy-le-Sec. As the DGSE has a close partnership with the "Commandement des Opérations Spéciales" of the Army or COS (Special Operations Command), the Action Division selects most of its men in regiments of this military organization, the 1er Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine, 1er R.P.I.Ma (1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment) and the 13e Régiment de Dragons Parachutistes, 13e RDP (13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment) in particular. But, in general, a large number of DGSE executives and staffers under military statuses, and also of operatives first enlisted in one of these two last regiments, and also in the past in the 11e régiment parachutiste de choc, 11e RPC (11th Shock Parachute Regiment), colloquially called "11e Choc," and in the 1er Bataillon Parachutiste de Choc, 1er BPC (1st Shock Parachute Battalion), colloquially called "1er Choc."[15]
InstallationsEdit
Headquarters, boulevard Mortier
The DGSE headquarters, codenamed CAT (Centre Administratif des Tourelles), are located at 141 Boulevard Mortier in the 20th arrondissement in Paris, approximately 1 km northeast of the Père Lachaise Cemetery. The building is often referred to as La piscine ("the swimming pool") because of the nearby Piscine des Tourelles of the French Swimming Federation.
A project named "Fort 2000" was supposed to allow the DGSE headquarters to be moved to the fort of Noisy-le-Sec, where the Action Division and the Service Technique d'Appui or "STA" (Technical and Support Service) were already stationed. However, the project was often disturbed and interrupted due to lacking funds, which were not granted until the 1994 and 1995 defence budgets. The allowed budget passed from 2 billion francs to one billion, and as the local workers and inhabitants started opposing the project, it was eventually canceled in 1996. The DGSE instead received additional premises located in front of the Piscine des Tourelles, and a new policy called "Privatisation des Services" (Privatization of the Services) was set. Roughly speaking, the Privatization of the Services consists for the DGSE in creating on the French territory numerous private companies of varied sizes, each being used as cover activity for specialized intelligence cells and units. This policy allows to turn round the problem of heavily investing in the building of large and highly secured facilities, and also of public and parliamentary scrutinies. This method is not entirely new however, since in 1945 the DGER, ancestor of the DGSE, owned 123 anonymous buildings, houses and apartments in addition to the military barracks of Boulevard Mortier serving already as headquarters.[16] And this dispersion of premises began very early at the time of the Deuxième Bureau, and more particularly from the 1910s on, when intelligence activities carried on under the responsibility of the military knew a strong and steady rise in France.[17]
Size and importanceEdit
In 2007 the DGSE employed a total of 4,620 agents. In 1999 the DGSE was known for employing a total of 2,700 civilians and 1,300 Officers or Non Commissioned Officers in its service.
It also benefits from an unknown number of voluntary correspondents (spies), French nationals in a large majority of instances, both in France and abroad who do not appear on the government's list of civil servants. Those for long were referred to with the title of "honorable correspondant" (honourable correspondent) or "HC," and since a number of years as "contact". Whereas the DGSE calls a "source" any French and foreign nationals this agency recruits indistinctly as "conscious" and willing or "unconscious or unwilling (i.e. manipulated) spy." While a DGSE's agent trained and sent to spy abroad generally is referred to as "operative" in English-speaking countries, the DGSE internally calls such agent "agent volant" (flying agent) by analogy with a butterfly (and not a bird). This agency, however, also colloquially calls "hirondelle" (swallow) a female operative. And it collectively and indistinctly calls "capteurs" (sensors) its contacts, sources, and flying agents.
The DGSE is directly supervised by the Ministry of Defence.
BudgetEdit
The DGSE's budget is entirely official (it is voted upon and accepted by the French parliament). It generally consists of about €500M, in addition to which are added special funds from the Prime Minister (often used in order to finance certain operations of the Action Division). How these special funds are spent has always been kept secret.
Some known yearly budgets include:
1991: FRF 0.9bn
1992: FRF 1bn
1997: FRF 1.36bn
2007: EUR 450 million, plus 36 million in special funds.[18]
2009: EUR 543.8 million, plus 48.9 million in special funds.[19]
According to Claude Silberzahn, one of its former directors, the agency's budget is divided in the following manner:[citation needed]
25% for military intelligence
25% for economic intelligence
50% for diplomatic intelligence
DirectorsEdit
Pierre Marion (17 June 1981 – 10 November 1982)
Adm. Pierre Lacoste (10 November 1982 – 19 September 1985)
Gen. René Imbot (20 September 1985 – 1 December 1987)
Gen. François Mermet (2 December 1987 – 23 March 1989)
Claude Silberzahn (23 March 1989 – 7 June 1993)
Jacques Dewatre (7 June 1993 – 19 December 1999)
Jean-Claude Cousseran (19 December 1999 – 24 July 2002)
Pierre Brochand (24 July 2002 – 10 October 2008)
Erard Corbin de Mangoux (10 October 2008 – 10 April 2013)
Bernard Bajolet (10 April 2013 – 27 April 2017)
Jean-Pierre Palasset (interim) (27 April 2017 – 26 June 2017)
Bernard Émié (26 June 2017 – present)
LogoEdit
As of 18 July 2012 the organisation had inaugurated its current logo. The bird of prey represents the sovereignty, operational capacities, international operational nature, and the efficiency of the DGSE. France is depicted as a sanctuary in the logo. The lines depict the networks utilized by the DGSE.[20]
ActivitiesEdit
RangeEdit
SIGINT installations in the Domme commune.
Various tasks and roles are generally appointed to the DGSE:
Intelligence gathering:
HUMINT, internally called "ROHUM," which stands for Renseignement d'Origine Humaine (Intelligence of Human Origin), is carried on by a large network of agents and under-agents, contacts, and sources who are not directly and officially paid by the DGSE in a large majority of instances and by reason of secrecy, but by varied public services and private companies which are not all necessarily cover-ups by vocation however, and which thus cooperate through particular and unofficial agreements. But many under-agents, contacts and sources act out of patriotism and political/ideological motives, and they are not all aware to help an intelligence agency.[21]
SIGINT, (COMINT/SIGINT/ELINT), internally called "ROEM," which stands for Renseignement d'Origine Electromagnétique (Intelligence of Electromagnetic Origin), is carried on from France and from a network of COMINT stations oversea, each internally called Centre de Renseignement Électronique, CRE (Electronic Intelligence Center). And then two other names are used to name: smaller COMINT/SIGINT territorial or oversea stations, internally called Détachement Avancé de Transmission, CAT (Signal Detachement Overseas); and specifically ELINT and SIGINT stations indifferently located on the French soil and overseas, each called Centre de Télémesure Militaire, CTM (Military Telemetry Center). Since the 1980s, the DGSE focuses much of its efforts and financial expenditures in communications interception (COMINT) abroad, which today (2018) has a reach extending from the east coast of the United States to Japan, with a focus on the Arabian Peninsula between these two opposite areas. In the DGSE in particular, those considerable and very expensive COMINT capacities are under the official responsibility of its Direction Technique, DT, (Technical Directorate). But as these capacities are rapidly growing and passively involve about all other French intelligence agencies (more than 20) in the context of a new policy called Mutualisation du Renseignement (Intelligence pooling between agencies) officially decreed in 2016, the whole of it is called Pôle National de Cryptanalyse et de Décryptement, PNCD (National Branch of Cryptanalysis and Decryption) since the early 2000s at least. Earlier and from 1987-1990 on in particular, the PNCD was called Centre de Transmission et de Traitement de l'Information, CTTI (Transmission and Information Processing Center), and its main center is secretly located underground the Taverny Air Base, in the eastern Paris' suburb.[22] Otherwise, the French press nicknamed the French COMINT capacities and network Frenchlon, borrowing to ECHELON, its U.S. equivalent.
Space imagery analysis: integrated in the "ROIM" general mission, standing for Renseignement d'Origine Image (Intelligence of Image Origin).
Special operations, such as missions behind enemy lines, exfiltrations otherwise called Extraction (military), Coup d'état and revolution of palace and counter-revolutions (in African countries in particular since WWII), and sabotages and assassinations (on the French soil as abroad), with the help of the regiments of the Special Operations Command, COS.[23]
Counterintelligence on the French soil is not officially acknowledged by the DGSE, as this is officially part of the general mission of the General Directorate for Internal Security, DGSI, along with counter-terrorism in particular. But in reality, and for several reasons, the DGSE indeed since long is also carrying on counterintelligence missions on the French soil, which it more willingly calls "contre-ingérence" (counter-interference) in this case, and much "offensive counterintelligence" operations abroad. As a matter of fact and for the record, the former name of the DGSE, the SDECE, means Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage (External Documentation and Counter-Espionage Service). The particularity of counterintelligence activities in the DGSE is that they are integrated in a more general mission internally called "Mesures actives" (active measures), directly inspired by the Russian Active measures in their principles. That is why offensive counterintelligence (or counter-interference) in the DGSE has multiple and direct connections with the other and different fields of "counter-influence" and influence (i.e. on the French soil as abroad) (see Agent of influence), and also by extension with Agitprop operations (all specialties in intelligence rather called Psychological warfare in English-speaking countries).[24]
Known operationsEdit
The agency also preceded the CIA in anticipating the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979.[citation needed]
In Operation Barracuda, the DGSE staged a coup d'état against Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa in the Central African Republic in September 1979, and installed a pro-French government.[citation needed]
Between the early 1970s to the late 1980s, the DGSE had effectively planted agents in major U.S. companies, such as Texas Instruments, IBM and Corning. Some of the economic intelligence thus acquired was shared with French corporations, such as the Compagnie des Machines Bull.[25]
Working with the DST in the early 1980s, the agency exploited the source "Farewell", revealing the most extensive technological spy network uncovered in Europe and the United States to date. This network had allowed the United States and other European countries to gather significant amounts of information about important technical advances in the Soviet Union without the knowledge of the KGB. However, former DGSE's employee Dominique Poirier contends, in his book he self-published in May 2018,[26] that KGB Lt-Colonel Vladimir Vetrov code-name "Farewell" could not possibly reveal, alone, the names of 250 KGB officers acting abroad undercover, and help identify nearly 100 Soviet spies in varied western countries, at least by reason of the rule of "compartmentalization" or need to know. The more so since Vladimir Vetrov, also according to his published biography,[27] was known as a poorly considered underachiever in the KGB. Dominique Poirier further explains that the case known as the "Farewell Affair" was in fact a Soviet deception operation that aimed at appeasing the public opinion in the United States and in Britain, following the election of Socialist leader François Mitterrand as President of France, and the takeover of the French Socialist Party in France in 1981, which events were rendered possible thanks to a backing of the French Communist Party, itself notoriously helped and financed for decades by the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, Dominique Poirier also explains, newly elected President François Mitterrand appointed 4 leading figures of the French Communist Party at key positions (Ministers) in his government. Furthermore, after the fall of the Soviet Union, Mitterrand's First Secretary Lionel Jospin was found to have been for decades a Soviet spy handled under the code-name "Micha" (Миха) by the Romanian intelligence service (Departamentul de Informatii Externe, DIE, aka Securitate) when Romania declassified some archives of the Soviet era. And Charles Hernu, former French Minister of Defence from 1981 to 1985, also was found to be a Soviet spy acting in France under the code-name "Dean" (Дина) since the 1950s, handled by the same Romanian intelligence service, which other fact also was leaked after the fall of the Soviet Union. Dominique Poirier in his book provides other evidences pointing toward the fact that the Farewell Affair was timely orchestrated on purpose by the Soviet Union. And he also cites another operation (known as the affair of the Irish of Vincennes) undertaken a few months after the "Farewell Affair" was publicly revealed, which truly aimed to deceive Britain in particular about suspicious French intelligence activities and cooperation with Russia in Northern Ireland. But this time this other deception operation disastrously and immediately ended into a failure, and it directly incriminated both the French government at the highest level and the French intelligence community. Overall, Dominique Poirier in his book provides numerous other evidences, including many from firsthand knowledge and personal and active experience in intelligence activities against the United States from the 1980s to the early 2000s, indicating the existence of a secret cooperation between France and Russia, which, according to him, ever strengthened since Soviet defector Anatoliy Golitsyn[28] and former French intelligence Chief of Station in Washington DC and defector to the U.S. Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli first revealed it in the early 1960s.[29][30]
The DGSE exploited a network called "Nicobar", which facilitated the sale of forty-three Mirage 2000 fighter jets by French defence companies to India for a total of more than US$2 billion,[31] and the acquisition of information about the type of the armour used on Soviet T-72 tanks.
Operation Satanic, a mission aimed at preventing protests by Greenpeace against French nuclear testing in the Pacific through the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior in Auckland, New Zealand on July 10, 1985. The ship was successfully sunk, after a small explosion was set off to scare people away, but journalist Fernando Pereira returned just as the sinking began, and subsequently drowned. New Zealand Police initiated one of their country's largest investigations and uncovered the plot after they captured two DGSE agents, who pleaded guilty to manslaughter and arson. French relations with New Zealand were sorely strained, as they threatened New Zealand with EEC sanctions in an attempt to secure the agents' release. Australia also attempted to arrest DGSE agents to extradite them. The incident is still widely remembered in New Zealand. The uncovering of the operation resulted in the firing of the head of the DGSE and the resignation of the French Defence Minister.[32]
During the Rwandan Civil War, the DGSE had an active role in passing on disinformation, which resurfaced in various forms in French newspapers. The general trend of this disinformation was to present the renewed fighting in 1993 as something completely new (although a regional conflict had been taking place since 1990) and as a straightforward foreign invasion, the rebel RPF being presented merely as Ugandans under a different guise. The disinformation played its role in preparing the ground for increased French involvement during the final stages of the war.[33]
During the Kosovo War, the DGSE played an active role in providing weapons training for the KLA. According to British wartime intercepts of Serbian military communication, DGSE officers took part in active fighting against Serbian forces. It was even revealed that several DGSE officers had been killed alongside KLA fighters in a Serbian ambush.[34]
Reports in 2006 have credited DGSE operatives for infiltrating and exposing the inner workings of Afghan training camps during the 1990s.[35] One of the spies employed by the agency later published a work under the pseudonym "Omar Nasiri", uncovering details of his life inside Al-Qaeda.[36]
A DGSE general heads the Alliance Base, a joint CTIC set up in Paris in cooperation with the CIA and other intelligence agencies. Alliance Base is known for having been involved in the arrest of Christian Ganczarski.[37]
In 2003, the DGSE was held responsible for the outcome of Opération 14 juillet, a failed mission to rescue Ingrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia.[38]
In 2004, the DGSE was credited for liberating two French journalists, Georges Malbrunot and Christian Chesnot, who were held as hostages for 124 days in Iraq.[39]
DGSE personnel were part of a team that arranged the release on June 12, 2005 of French journalist Florence Aubenas, held hostage for five months in Iraq.[40]
DGSE was said to be involved in the arrest of the two presumed killers of four French tourists in Mauritania in January 2006.
In 2006, the French newspaper L'Est Républicain acquired an apparently leaked DGSE report to the French president Jacques Chirac claiming that Osama Bin Laden had died in Pakistan on August 23, 2006, after contracting typhoid fever. The report had apparently been based on Saudi Arabian intelligence. These "death" allegations were thereafter denied by the French foreign minister Philippe Douste-Blazy and Saudi authorities,[41] as well as CIA Bin Laden specialist Michael Scheuer.[42]
In June 2009, the DGSE uncovered evidence that two registered passengers on board Air France Flight 447, which crashed with the loss of 228 lives in the vicinity of Brazil, were linked to Islamic terrorist groups.[43]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
November 2010, three operatives from DGSE's Service Operations (SO) (formerly Service 7) botched an operation to burgle the room of China Eastern Airlines' boss Shaoyong Liu at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Toulouse. Failure of the operation resulted in the suspension of all of SO's activities and the very survival of the unit was called into question. SO only operates on French soil, where it mounts secret HUMINT operations such as searching hotel rooms, opening mail or diplomatic pouches.
In the year 2010/11, the DGSE has been training agents of Bahrain's National Security, the intelligence service which is trying to subdue the country's Shi'ite opposition protests. Bahrain's Special Security Force also benefits from a French advisor seconded from the Police Nationale who is training the Special Security Force in modern anti-riot techniques.
March 2011, the DGSE sent several members of the Service Action to support the Libyan rebels. However, most of the agents deployed were from the Direction des Operations' Service Mission. The latter unit gathers intelligence and makes contact with fighting factions in crisis zones.
In January 2013, Service Action members attempted to rescue one of its agents held hostage. The rescue was a failure as the hostage was killed alongside 2 DGSE operators.[44]
DGSE officers or alleged officersEdit
Notable DGSE officers or alleged officers
Status and known actions
Marc Aubrière An officer who was kidnapped by Al-Shabaab militia in Somalia in 2009 and managed to escape.[45]
Denis Allex An officer who was kidnapped by Al-Shabaab militia in Somalia in 2009.[46][47] He was killed on January 11, 2013 by the militants during a failed rescue attempt.
Guillaume Didier An officer of the Action Division who disappeared in 2003 following the failure of a DGSE operation in Morocco.
Philippe de Dieuleveult [nl] A supposed DGSE agent who mysteriously disappeared during an expedition in Zaire in 1985.
Hervé Jaubert A former French navy officer and DGSE agent who moved to Dubai in 2004 to build recreational submarines. Following allegations of fraud, his passport was confiscated in 2008. Jaubert escaped on a dinghy to India and resurfaced in Florida in the U.S. where he filed a lawsuit against Dubai World.[48]
Roland Verge Chief Petty Officer involved in the Rainbow Warrior operation, arrested in Australia, escaped by French submarine
Gérard Andries Petty Officer involved in the Rainbow Warrior operation, arrested in Australia, escaped by French submarine
Bartelo Petty Officer involved in the Rainbow Warrior operation, arrested in Australia, escaped by French submarine
Louis-Pierre Dillais Commander of the Rainbow Warrior operation, as acknowledged on New Zealand television
Alain Mafart and Dominique Prieur Two DGSE officers who took part to the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior and who were subsequently arrested by New Zealand police.
Xavier Maniguet A former DGSE agent who also took part in the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior.
Pierre Martinet A former DGSE agent, who retired after having his cover blown while watching Islamist militants in London.[49] Martinet later wrote a book uncovering details of how the DGSE planned its assassination of political targets. He was subsequently sentenced to six months in prison for divulging defence secrets.
Bernard Nut [nl] A French army officer and DGSE agent responsible for actions conducted in the Côte d'Azur and Middle East regions, and whose assassination in 1985 made headlines in French media.
Philippe Rondot A retired French army general and former councilor in charge of coordinating foreign intelligence for the French ministry of defence.
Gérard Royal A former DGSE agent accused of being a Rainbow Warrior bomber and brother of French presidential candidate Ségolène Royal.[50]
France portal
Alliance Base
Bob Denard, a French mercenary
Direction générale de la sécurité intérieure
List of intelligence agencies of France
^ DGS. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
^ "Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure (DGSE)" (Archive). Service-public.fr (French government). Retrieved on 31 January 2014. "141, boulevard Mortier 75020 Paris"
^ Rhodri., Jeffreys-Jones,. In spies we trust : the story of Western intelligence (First ed.). Oxford. ISBN 0199580979. OCLC 816154822.
^ Zachary Keck, "Robert Gates: Most Contries Conduct Economic Espionage" (The Diplomat, 23 May 2014).
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations of a Spy who came in from France. Createspace, ISBN 1984922173, p. 30.
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations of a Spy who came in from France. Createspace, ISBN 1984922173, pp. 223-224.
^ Polisar, Pati. (2003). Inside France's DGSE: The General Directorate for External Security. The Rosen Publishing Group, p.18
^ Polisar, Pati (2003). Inside France's DGSE: The General Directorate for External Security. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 19.
^ "Intelligence (international relations)". (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 9, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations of a Spy who came in from France, Createspace, ISBN 1984922173.
^ "Mitterrand ordered bombing of Rainbow Warrior, spy chief says". The Times.
^ a b c d Intelligence Online (2002). N° 439 (October 24). Online Summary
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations of a Spy who came in from France. Createspace, ISBN 1984922173, pp. 13-64.
^ Testimony of André Dewavrin aka "Colonel Passy" in Paris-Presse newspaper, June 20, 1947.
^ "The activities and challenges of the service" ‹See Tfd›(in French) French ministry of defence. October 2006. (Retrieved October 5, 2009)
^ "Projet de loi de finances pour 2009 : Défense - Environnement et soutien de la politique de défense" ‹See Tfd›(in French) French Senate report (Retrieved October 17, 2009)
^ "Our Logo" (Archive) Directorate-General for External Security. 18 July 2012. Retrieved on 31 January 2014.
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations of a Spy who came in from France. Createspace, ISBN 1984922173, pp. 149, 169, 189, and 215.
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations of a Spy who came in from France. Createspace, ISBN 1984922173, p. 479.
^ Poirier, Dominique (May 1, 2018). Napoleon's Spies: Revelations from a Spy who came in from France. Createspace, ISBN 1984922173, pp. 28, 55-56, and 143.
^ Schweizer, Peter (1996). "The Growth of Economic Espionage: America Is Target Number One". Foreign Affairs. 75 (1): 9–14 [p. 14]. JSTOR 20047464.
^ Kostin, Sergei and Raynaud, Eric (August 2, 2011). Farewell: The Greatest Spy Story of the Twentieth Century. AmazonCrossing, ISBN 1611090261.
^ Golitsyn, Golitsyn (January 1, 1990). New Lies for Old. Gsg & Assoc, ISBN 0945001088.
^ Thyraud de Vosjoli, Philippe (1970), Lamia, Little, Brown and Company, ISBN 1135182493.
^ "The French Spy Scandal," April 26, 1968, Vol. 66, No 17, pp. 30-39. Life Magazine.
^ Prial, Frank J. (1985-09-26). "GREENPEACE AND THE PARIS PRESS: A TRICKLE OF WORDS TURNS INTO A TORRENT". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
^ Prunier, Gérard (1995). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. Columbia University Press. p. 176. ISBN 0-231-10408-1.
^ "Alleged connections between top Kosovo politicians and assassin investigated". The Guardian. 8 November 2014.
^ "Spy lifts lid on al-Qaeda". BBC News. November 16, 2006.
^ Nasiri, Omar (2008). Inside the Jihad: My Life with Al Qaeda. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02389-9.
^ Two jailed over Tunisia bombing BBC News, February 5, 2009
^ French failed hostage rescue sparks row BBC News, July 25, 2003
^ Hostage coup boosts French pride BBC News, December 23, 2004
^ Freed journalist back in France BBC News, June 12, 2005
^ Ben Laden ni mort ni malade? Le Devoir September 25, 2006
^ Mais où est donc Ben Laden? Le Devoir, September 28, 2006
^ Terror Names Linked To Doomed Flight AF 447 Sky News, June 10, 2009.
^ Intelligence Online, "DGSE undermined by failed Somalia mission", January 30, 2013
^ "With Aid of Forgotten Bolt, Frenchman Escapes Somalis". The New York Times. August 26, 2009.
^ "French spy hostage still alive in Somalia". Middle East Online. December 28, 2010.
^ Giraud, Pierre-Marie (November 7, 2012). "Un agent de la DGSE retenu en otage depuis trois ans en Somalie". Agence France-Presse.
^ "French 007 tells of great escape from Dubai wearing a wetsuit under a burka", Daily Mail. 24-08-2009. (Retrieved 17-10-2009)
^ BBC News, Busybodies blow French spy cover (April 27, 2005)
^ BBC News, New Zealand rules out new Greenpeace probe (October 2, 2006)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Direction générale de la Sécurité extérieure.
DGSE section of French Ministry of Defence website
DGSE section of French Ministry of Defence website ‹See Tfd›(in French)
Direction General for External Security at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
Archive index at the Wayback Machine ‹See Tfd›(in French)
DGSE on FAS.org
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Directorate-General_for_External_Security&oldid=903339834"


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text:
Lily Qi is making her voice—and the voices of other immigrants across Montgomery County—heard
The freshman delegate from District 15, Maryland's first Chinese-born legislator, is passionate about economic competitiveness and inclusiveness
Steve Goldstein
Photo: David Stuck
"I was born in Shanghai during China's Cultural Revolution, and my mother was forced to change my first name to Hong, which translates as Red," says Lily Qi. "The name my parents originally chose was considered bourgeois—not revolutionary enough."
Those who know Qi [say: Chee] are amused by the irony; the 56-year-old freshman delegate from Montgomery County is regarded as a highly progressive member of the Maryland General Assembly. Her LinkedIn profile self-referentially declares she's a "rebel." As the state's first Chinese-born legislator, elected in 2018, Qi finds herself in the right place at a time when the rights of nonwhites and immigrants are being thrust to the forefront.
Qi embraces the role of advocate. "You're here to be a voice for the people you represent—not just to pass bills," she says. She often refers to immigrant concerns as "the missing voice that no one is missing."
Finding her voice
Her own voice was born in the 1960s as a wave of Communist oppression purged the insufficiently compliant, sending millions to so-called "re-education camps," and persecuted the families of both Qi and her future husband, Yu "Phil" Peng. Qi arrived in the United States on Feb. 22, 1989—George Washington's birthday—to attend Manchester College in rural Indiana, sponsored by an American professor for whom she worked as a translator when he was visiting Shanghai. (Thirty years later, she was invited to become a member of the Board of Trustees at what is now Manchester University.)
The couple worked menial jobs—scrubbing toilets, washing dishes—to earn money. Peng, a talented musician, learned English from daytime TV and adopted the first name of a favorite basketball star, Phil Jackson. Years spent at universities in Athens, Ohio, and Morgantown, West Virginia, resulted in more work experience and academic degrees.
In 1997, they moved to Montgomery County when Qi accepted a position working on multicultural affairs at American University. Her years in the Midwest served them well. "If we'd come to D.C. first," she says, "we would have gotten lost."
Read More: THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY CELEBRATES 100 YEARS
Qi became a U.S. citizen in 1999 and earned an MBA while working at AU, eventually moving on to work on economic development for a couple of nonprofit organizations. Peng developed a career in finance. When Isaiah "Ike" Leggett was elected in 2006 as county executive, he asked Qi to act as liaison to the Asian community in the county, where the population now was one-third foreign born, including 50,000 Chinese.
In a recent interview, Leggett praised Qi for her ability to grasp complex issues and, particularly, her skill in mediating a delicate issue when Taiwanese residents objected to the county's seeming favoritism of the more recent arrivals from mainland China.
"I got a lot of pushback (from Taiwanese residents), sometimes not so nicely," says Leggett. But during a trip to Korea, Qi arranged for a side visit to Taiwan so Leggett could reassure his constituents that their concerns were recognized. "She pulled that off without a hitch."
Diving into politics
Qi was "swimming in the political world," as she put it, and decided she wanted to dive more deeply. Family discussions on whether to run for office, she recalls, "were actually many sleepless nights. I thought of myself as a [business] professional, so this was a big shift." Although she understood the dynamics of campaigning, Qi needed "the mindset
I could do this," she says.
In 2017, she applied for training offered by Emerge Maryland, an organization created to groom potential female Democratic candidates. Qi said the course gave her the tools and the confidence to run; she already had an edge in fundraising—a task that many classmates found daunting. "My people (the Chinese community) had never been tapped," she explains. "Once they know you they are willing to support." She also used a popular messaging service called WeChat to focus on Asian voters in the 15th district.
Now Qi has two priorities for her legislative initiatives. The first is to make Maryland and Montgomery County more competitive. "This is why people like me came to this country," she asserts. "We did not come for diversity; we came for opportunity." The second is to make the state more inclusive through measures that promote immigrant integration and social justice. One bill would establish a state LGBTQ commission to "ensure there is a home for their issues." (Her adult son, Andrew, is gay.)
Almost from the day she was elected, friends and constituents have been asking Qi what office she'll next seek. She laughs. "Let me settle in and see if I'm the kind of person right for this position. I just want to do a good job." And provide that missing voice. Now that would be truly revolutionary.
Lily Qi
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Power Minister of the state Anil Sharma resigned from the Jai Ram Thakur-led cabinet on Friday.
However, he has not resigned from BJP.
Sharma's resignation from the Cabinet comes after his son Aashray Sharma and his father Sukh Ram joined the Congress party.
It may be noted that the Congress party has fielded Aashray from the Mandi Lok Sabha constituency against BJP's Swaroop Sharma, the sitting MP from the seat.
Anil refused to campaign for the BJP candidate against his son Aashray, and, therefore, quit the cabinet.
The polling for the four Lok Sabha seats of Himachal Pradesh is scheduled to be conducted on May 19. The results will be announced on May 23.


text:
Q: Why the convergence is pointwise in this question and why the translation is continuous? I was reading this question here Proving that $f'$ is measurable on $\mathbb R$ if$f$ is differentiable on $\mathbb R$.
But I did not understand the following points in the solution:
1- why the translation $f_{h}(x)= f(x + h)$ continuous? could anyone give me a rigorous proof for this, please?
2- Why the convergence is pointwise everywhere here: " Now, you have
$$\frac{f_h - f}{h} \to f'$$
pointwise everywhere"? could anyone give me a rigorous proof for this, please?

A: By definition,
$$f'(x)=\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}=\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f_h(x)-f(x)}{h}$$
And for 2, just check the definition of pointwise convergence.

A: $f'(x) =\lim_{n \to \infty} f_n(x)$ where $f_n(x)=\frac {f(x+\frac 1 n)-f(x)} {1/n}$. So it is enough to check that each $f_n$ is measurable. But $f_n$ is continuous and that finishes the proof.
1) If $x_k \to x$ then $x_k+\frac 1 n \to x+\frac 1 n$ so $f(x_k+\frac 1 n) \to f(x+\frac 1 n)$  in view of the fact that any differentiable function is continuous.
2) This is by definition of derivative.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Last hurrah of sunlike star
Posted by Eleanor Imster in Space | September 26, 2016
New Hubble image shows the demise of a sunlike star. Our own sun will also burn out and shroud itself with stellar debris, but not for another 5 billion years.
Image via NASA, ESA, and K. Noll (STScI)
This image, taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, shows the colorful "last hurrah" of a star like our sun. The burned-out star, called a white dwarf, is the white dot in the center. Our own star, the sun, will also burn out and create a shell of stellar debris, but not for another 5 billion years.
NASA described what's happening in the image:
The star is ending its life by casting off its outer layers of gas, which formed a cocoon around the star's remaining core. Ultraviolet light from the dying star makes the material glow.
The image, released by NASA on September 23, 2016, shows a planetary nebula called NGC 2440, which lies about 4,000 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Puppis.
A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of a glowing shell of gas and plasma that's formed by certain types of stars at the end of their lives. (Planetary nabulae have nothing to do with planets. They got the name because eighteenth- and nineteenth-century astronomers looking through small telescopes thought they looked like the disks of the planets Uranus and Neptune.) Astronomers estimate that there are about 10,000 of these objects in the Milky Way, although only about 1,500 have been detected so far.
Here's more from NASA about the image:
The white dwarf at the center of NGC 2440 is one of the hottest known, with a surface temperature of more than 360,000 degrees Fahrenheit (200,000 degrees Celsius). The nebula's chaotic structure suggests that the star shed its mass episodically. During each outburst, the star expelled material in a different direction. This can be seen in the two bowtie-shaped lobes. The nebula also is rich in clouds of dust, some of which form long, dark streaks pointing away from the star.
The material expelled by the star glows with different colors depending on its composition, its density and how close it is to the hot central star. Blue samples helium; blue-green oxygen, and red nitrogen and hydrogen.
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Bottom line: A Hubble Space Telescope image released on September 23, 2016 shows a planetary nebula, called NGC 2440, which lies about 4,000 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Puppis.
Read more from NASA


Walking down the street, we can see coming towards the crowd there are always someWearing headphonesThe young people who listen to music or in or on the phone, this way of life may seem nice, actually very dangerous. Especially when crossing the street wearing headphones, even if to remind drivers honk and sometimes it may not be able to hear, tragedy often occur at this time.
As such,HeadphoneAlthough let you enjoy music, but do not let the headphones become a sin.


text:
HBMA Congratulates Dexios Corporation on Compliance Accreditation
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Kurt Gallagher
Dexios Corporation recognized for program to protect patient privacy, prevent medical billing fraud, and comply with federal regulations
(Washington) – Today the Healthcare Business Management Association (HBMA) announced that Dexios Corporation is now accredited under the HBMA Compliance Accreditation Program for revenue cycle management (RCM) companies (a.k.a., medical billing and medical practice management companies) and offered its congratulations. The HBMA Compliance Accreditation Program is designed to assess compliance with a range of federal healthcare industry regulations, including provisions to protect patient privacy under HIPAA, promote cybersecurity, and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse in medical billing.
Dexios is a national, radiology-specific, RCM and consulting company with its primary billing operations based in Saginaw, Michigan. "Compliance is such a vital aspect of revenue cycle management today, we are thrilled to have successfully completed the HBMA's compliance certification program," said Kyle Tucker, president of Dexios Corporation.
"HBMA has long stood for ethical practices in medical billing and revenue cycle management. HBMA Compliance Accreditation is recognition that Dexios Corporation has gone beyond the requirements of federal regulations by obtaining an independent evaluation of its practices to protect the confidentiality of patient medical information, ensure the security of their data systems, and prevent fraud," said Mick Polo, president of HBMA.
The HBMA Compliance Accreditation Program is the result of the RCM industry coming together within HBMA to establish a process to independently assess the participating company's program to fulfill its obligation to meet regulatory requirements. The HBMA Compliance Accreditation Program assesses compliance with HIPAA and with Health and Human Service Office of Inspector General compliance standards on fraud, waste and abuse; the Stark Law, which is designed to prevent conflicts of interest by medical providers in their prescribed patient care; federal Anti-kickback law; and the OIG work plan. The assessment under the HBMA Compliance Accreditation Program includes a comprehensive evaluation of the policies and practices of RCM companies with respect to employee training; security risks, including the security of confidential patient health information; documentation storage and handling; practices to promote compliance with federal regulations; disaster and emergency preparedness plans; and human resources practices, including background check procedures and onboarding.
The program was announced in April 2018 and officially launched in October 2018 after beta testing by four HBMA member companies. Dexios Corporation is the eighth company to be accredited under the program.
About Dexios Corporation
Dexios Corporation is a RCM and consulting company based in Saginaw, MI that serves over 20 of radiology practices and over 100 imaging centers in 16 states. Dexios is a reseller partner with ImagineSoftware and provides consulting and temporary staffing for Imagine users.
About the Healthcare Business Management Association (HBMA)
HBMA is a non-profit, member-led trade association of companies that support doctors and other medical providers by handling their medical billing and revenue collection processes, services known as revenue cycle management (RCM). For more information about HBMA, visit the www.hbma.org.