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One News Page United Kingdom > In the News > Eliud Kipchoge Facts and News Updates
Kenyan long-distance runner
Eliud Kipchoge ▸ Facts ▸ Comments ▸ News ▸ Videos
Eliud Kipchoge E.G.H. is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in the marathon and formerly the 5000 metres. He is the world record holder in the marathon with a time of 2:01:39, set on 16 September 2018, at the 2018 Berlin Marathon. His run broke the previous world record by 1 minute and 18 seconds. Described as "the greatest marathoner of the modern era", Kipchoge has won 12 of the 13 marathons he has entered.
Eliud Kipchoge wins World Sport Star of the Year 2019
Marathon runner Eliud Kipchoge is voted Sports Personality's World Sport Star of the Year.
BBC News - Published on December 14, 2019
Eliud Kipchoge: The man, the methods & controversies behind 'moon-landing moment'
Eliud Kipchoge made history in October by becoming the first person to run a marathon in under two hours. Here's how he did it.
BBC News - Published on November 19, 2019
▶ Videos for Eliud Kipchoge
Kipchoge and Bekele to go head to head in this year's London Marathon
Distance stars Eliud Kipchoge and Kenenisa Bekele will go head to head in April's London Marathon
Credit: Reuters - Sports Duration: 00:46Published 4 days ago
Nike can gain from Vaporfly controversy: analysts
A controversy over Nike's hyper-advanced Vaporfly shoes that some say give runners an unfair advantage could boost sales, especially among amateurs hoping for more spring in their step who would not..
Credit: Reuters Studio Duration: 01:25Published 5 days ago
World marathon record holder Kipchoge hopeful to defend Olympic title
Eliud Kipchoge says he wants to defend his Olympic title next year and does not think his running shoes give him an unfair advantage.
Credit: Reuters - Sports Duration: 00:41Published on December 3, 2019
Kipchoge and Muhammad named World Athletics athletes of the year
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge and American Dalilah Muhammad named World Athletics athletes of the year
Credit: Reuters - Sports Duration: 01:31Published on November 24, 2019
Eliud Kipchoge among five finalists for Male World Athlete 2019 award
Eliud Kipchoge, the first person to break the two-hour marathon mark, is among five finalists for the Male World Athlete 2019.
'It feels like running on trampolines' - the technology behind marathon landmarks
Eliud Kipchoge and Brigid Kosgei completed their record-breaking marathons in Nike's Vaporfly trainers - coincidence or controversial?
Kipchoge's marathon landmark could push faster times in Chicago, director says
Eliud Kipchoge's sub two-hour marathon could push runners to set faster times in Sunday's Chicago marathon, race director Carey Pinkowski said on Saturday.
Factbox on Eliud Kipchoge
Factbox on Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge who on Saturday became the first person to run a marathon in under two hours.
Kipchoge's sub-two hour marathon like landing on the moon
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge made athletics history on Saturday when he became the first person to run a marathon in under two hours, stretching the limits of human endeavor and passing a milestone few..
Astonishing Kipchoge smashes two-hour marathon barrier
Factbox: Reaction to Kipchoge's sub two-hour marathon
Reaction after Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge on Saturday became the first person to run a marathon in under two hours.
Eliud Kipchoge breaks two-hour marathon mark by 20 seconds
Watch the moment Eliud Kipchoge makes history to become the first athlete to run a marathon in under two hours.
Kipchoge runs unofficial marathon in under two hours
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge made athletics history on Saturday when he became the first person to run a marathon in under two hours although his remarkable effort will not be recognized by the sport's..
Eliud Kipchoge: Sub-two hour marathon 'will make history'
Long-distance great Eliud Kipchoge says he'll feel like the first man on the Moon if he does it.
Keir Starmer
PM insists Government will get NHS waiting lists down


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Kim Huybrechts (Antwerpen, 16 november 1985) is een Belgische darter die sinds 2011 uitkomt voor de PDC. Kims broer Ronny is ook een darter. Tijdens de World Cup of Darts 2013, 2014 en 2015 vormden ze samen het Belgische team.

Carrière
Bij de BDO springt vooral zijn prestatie op de Winmau World Masters van 2009 in het oog, toen hij in zijn televisiedebuut met 1-3 van Steve West verloor. In het kwalificatietoernooi voor de Lakeside 2011 verloor hij in de laatste ronde van de Duitser Arno Merk.

Gedurende 2011 bereikte Huybrechts een halve finale in het Players Championship in Wenen (5-6 verlies tegen Denis Ovens) en behaalde hij een kwartfinaleplaats op het toernooi in Nuland, waardoor hij een plaatsje bemachtigde in de top acht van de European Order of Merit van de PDC. Hierdoor wist hij zich te plaatsen voor het Europees Kampioenschap in Düsseldorf van juli 2011. Naar aanleiding van die kwalificatie tekende hij een contract bij de PDC, wat hem verhinderde om nog aan toernooien van de BDO deel te nemen. Op dat Europees kampioenschap versloeg hij de Spanjaard Antonio Alcinas met 6-2 in de eerste ronde en Wes Newton in de tweede met 10-8. In zijn kwartfinale bleek Adrian Lewis met 10-8 de betere van de twee.

Via een vijftiende plaats in de PDC Pro Tour Order of Merit wist Huybrechts zich te plaatsen voor het wereldkampioenschap, waar hij in de eerste ronde tegen Brendan Dolan werd uitgeloot en deze match ook won met 3-0. Hij haalde de kwartfinales omdat hij vervolgens ook James Richardson en Paul Nicholson eenvoudig versloeg. Hij verloor vervolgens van de latere finalist Andy Hamilton.

Op 2 december 2012 speelde Huybrechts zijn eerste finale in een televisietoernooi op de Players Championship Finals, nadat hij achtereenvolgens Vincent van der Voort, Michael Smith, Peter Wright en Justin Pipe had verslagen, om dan in de finale zelf met 13-6 de duimen te moeten leggen tegen Phil Taylor.
Vlak voor de start van de PDC World Darts Championship 2013 stierf zijn vader echter. In de eerste ronde verloor hij als favoriet tegen Scott Rand met 3-2 in sets.

Op 27 december 2021, tijdens het wereldkampioenschap van 2022, verloor Huybrechts in de laatste 32 van Gerwyn Price. Het leek erop dat Huybrechts zou winnen, maar de beslissing moest vallen in een 'sudden death-leg', waarin Price het voordeel had te mogen beginnen. Huybrechts verloor de leg en daarmee ook de wedstrijd van de toenmalige wereldkampioen.

Op 18 februari 2023 versloeg Huybrechts Devon Petersen, Dylan Slevin, Nathan Aspinall, Ricardo Pietreczko, Josh Rock en Gerwyn Price voor een plek in de finale van Players Championship 03, waarin hij Gabriel Clemens met een uitslag van 8-1 aftroefde. Het was voor de Belg een eerste PDC-titel in acht jaar tijd.

Resultaten op Wereldkampioenschappen

WDF

World Cup
 2009: Laatste 64 (verloren van Martin Phillips met 0-4)

PDC
 2012: Kwartfinale (verloren van Andy Hamilton met 2-5)
 2013: Laatste 64 (verloren van Scott Rand met 2-3)
 2014: Laatste 32 (verloren van Ian White met 3-4)
 2015: Laatste 16 (verloren van Phil Taylor met 3-4)
 2016: Laatste 64 (verloren van David Pallett met 2-3)
 2017: Laatste 16 (verloren van Phil Taylor met 2-4)
 2018: Laatste 64 (verloren van  James Richardson met 0-3)
 2019: Laatste 32 (verloren van Dave Chisnall met 0-4)
 2020: Laatste 16 (verloren van Luke Humphries met 1-4)
 2021: Laatste 32 (verloren van Ryan Searle met 2-4)
 2022: Laatste 32 (verloren van Gerwyn Price met 3-4)
 2023: Laatste 16 (verloren van Dimitri Van den Bergh met 0-4)

Resultaten op de World Matchplay
 2012: Laatste 32 (verloren van Terry Jenkins met 9-11)
 2013: Laatste 32 (verloren van Peter Wright met 4-10)
 2014: Laatste 32 (verloren van Mervyn King met 4-10)
 2015: Laatste 32 (verloren van Peter Wright met 5-10)
 2016: Laatste 32 (verloren van Gerwyn Price met 8-10)
 2017: Laatste 32 (verloren van Alan Norris met 6-10)
 2018: Laatste 16 (verloren van Peter Wright met 5-11)
 2022: Laatste 32 (verloren van Dave Chisnall met 7-10)

Gespeelde finales hoofdtoernooien

PDC

Wedstrijden worden beslist bij gewonnen legs of sets

9-darter

Belgisch darter

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Untitled I, written 2006, published 2008 in The Typewriter blog.
Untitled II, written 2006, later published as VOICE / silence. First published 2008 in The Typewriter blog, then in English in Education, Volume 46, Issue 1, 2012.


Even more previously owned homes will be sold in 2014 than projected.
Even more previously owned homes will be sold in 2014 than projected. Maclean's magazine is citing a report by the Canadian Real Estate Association suggesting 458,200 houses will be listed in 2014, up from its estimate in September of 449,900.
Resales nationwide are likewise expected to increase, from an initial forecast of 465,600 homes to 475,000.
Another area in the real estate business that will rise is the national average price for a home. The cost in 2013 was $382,000; industry insiders anticipate that in 2014, this cost will rise to $391,000.
However, any rise in housing costs will not be astronomical but remain steady, following current rates. CREA Chief Economist Gregory Klump attributes this to factors that make the market strong, competitive and at the same time affordable. The national economy remains robust, homeowner salaries are well above the average – which is probably the reason behind the continuing demand for single-family homes.


The life span of the countertops is highly related to the process of installation. There are many things to be aware of during the installation. Here are six elements to be noted during the installation of countertop(including quartz, marble, granite, quartzite, engineering stone). When perform such task for installing stone countertops, it is necessary to follow the prescribed steps, so as to avoid some problems.
1. Before installing the stone, it is necessary to check the flatness of the on-site cabinet and the ground cabinet, and check whether there is no error in the size of the countertop and the site to be installed. If there is any error, it needs to be processed again and trimmed.
2. For some L-shaped countertops or some extra-long countertops, some strong glass clamps can be used when necessary to clamp the stone to squeeze the gap, and the gap must be cleaned. It is not advisable to polish the seams between the stone and the wall, especially some dark stone series.
3. Evenly apply some glass glue for coloring on the bottom of the water barrier of the cabinet to stick the water strip. Do not use the connecting gel such as marble glue to prevent the bonding after the bonding. The bonding is too tight and causes cracking or breaking of the stone.
4. If it is necessary to install a sink and other devices, firstly, some quartz stone countertops and the water on the countertop should be partially trimmed and tapped to check whether it is suspended. For some tiny suspended objects, we can be at the bottom of the stone. Add some glass glue for filling. For some serious unevenness, it is necessary to stop the construction, and the counter top should be adjusted to a flat state.
5. In the on-site construction, avoid opening holes in the stone as much as possible to prevent improper opening and stone cracks. For the missing glass glue, it can be cleaned with water after ten minutes.
6. When installing on the countertop, it is necessary to keep the distance between the stone and the wall. Generally, the gap is 3-5mm. The main purpose of leaving this gap is to prevent the thermal expansion and contraction of the stone countertop and the cabinet. Stretching, after the installation is complete, you need to apply glass glue to the gap.


Blow soap bubbles! Always fun! But this collage of all your favorite Disney figures is simply fantastic! Minnie, Ariel, Belle, Mulan, Snow White, ... too much to sum up!
The days of the dinosaurs are already a while behind us. But.... Thanks to this puzzle of Ravensburger of 150 pieces you will be catapulted all the way back to the time that the dinosaurs lived!
Fairy puzzle on which 9 Disney princesses pose together in front of the castle. And thanks to the free puzzle glue that is already included in the packaging, you can easily glue the puzzle on afterwards!
Square puzzle with the dwarf Sleepy on of Ravensburger of 500 pieces. Nice series of 8 square puzzles. Nice to make and then give those puzzles a place on the wall!
Square puzzle with the dwarf Happy on of Ravensburger of 500 pieces. Nice series of 8 square puzzles. Nice to make and then give those puzzles a place on the wall!
Square puzzle with the dwarf Sneezy on of Ravensburger of 500 pieces. Nice series of 8 square puzzles. Nice to make and then give those puzzles a place on the wall!
Square puzzle with the dwarf Grumpy on of Ravensburger of 500 pieces. Nice series of 8 square puzzles. Nice to make and then give those puzzles a place on the wall!
Square puzzle with the dwarf Bashful on of Ravensburger of 500 pieces. Nice series of 8 square puzzles. Nice to make and then give those puzzles a place on the wall!


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What wargames were used by the General Staff?
steevh
Post by steevh » 11 Jul 2020 17:45
Sources from time to time talk about the General Staff conducting wargames prior to actual operations.
As I recall they feature quite prominently in the movie The Longest Day, with some German commander winning the game by making landings in Normandy.
My question is, what form did these wargames take?
Were they similar to games produced from the 1970s onwards -- in fact, were these based on the original WWII wargames produced by military staff?
Has anyone ever come across any details, other than vague references to officers 'conducting wargames'?
wwilson
Re: What wargames were used by the General Staff?
Post by wwilson » 12 Jul 2020 08:00
This is before World War II, but addresses in part your question.
https://militaryhistorynow.com/2019/04/ ... d-history/
Post by Sheldrake » 12 Jul 2020 12:37
I have a copy of the Kriegspiel rules. These were for junior officers
Serious wargames by all nations followed a similar format. General idea special idea one sided v two sided and umpires. https://archive.org/details/rulesforconducto00grearich
The exact design depends on whether the idea is to test a plan, or practice or test a staff in the execution of a plan.
Thanks for the responses, but I'm after any more specific info.
The general format may not have been too different from that book of 1896, but by 1939 the Germans had evolved a new combined forces doctrine, with Panzers and Stukas etc. So this would not have been covered by the old rules.
Likewise Tukachevsky in Russia had his theory of deep operations, and the military theorists in GB and France (Lidell-Hart, de Gaulle) were advocating Blitzkrieg doctrines.
Carl Schwamberger
Host - Allied sections
Post by Carl Schwamberger » 08 Aug 2020 20:26
steevh wrote: ↑
The general format may not have been too different from that book of 1896, but by 1939 the Germans had evolved a new combined forces doctrine, with Panzers and Stukas etc. So this would not have been covered by the old rules. ..
I don't have specific details, but can say there was not agreement among the officers of any army what the new doctrines meant. Some argued the new armored forces were overrated on the game maps or in the field exercises, or underrated, depending on the individual. This was the same for other arms. As early as 1925-1930 there were claims pro & con for artillery, horse cavalry, AT guns, infantry, aircraft ect... This is why testing battle plans with field or fleet exercises were important. Those validated parts of doctrinal assumptions. Tho of course not all doctrinal matters.
In the case of plan Yellow for attacking France in 1940 multiple proposals were tested in both map and field exercises from November 1939 through March 1940. What is notable is every iteration tested failed to achieve a decisive strategic victory. Some variants failed miserably, others managed to reach a stalemate on the game map. This includes Mansteins original proposal for the Schwerpunkt with Army Group A tested in November 1939, and up scaled variants later. An exception occurred in a March 1940 map game run by Halder at OKH HQ in Zossen. In this case the Allied side was run by a intelligence officer responsible for 'Enemy Forces West'. This LtCol List proposed the French would be much slower in decision making & issuing order than previously assumed. During the game he delayed enemy responses 24 to 48 hours. The result was something closer to a strategic victory. Lists proposal was not accepted by many of the participants. There was a feeling slowing the French response was gamey, that it was done to favor the plan tested, that it was grossly unrealistic.
As we know the attack in May 1940 was wildly successful, exceeding even Guderians expectations. The performance of the armored forces appears more effective than the models on the game maps, or field exercises. Point here is several. One is the game rules were never fully accepted by all military officers, that they were correct in thinking there were deficiencies in the map exercises or field exercises, and there were always questions about the doctrines & other assumptions as well.
Post by steevh » 11 Aug 2020 08:46
Thanks. Very informative.
Senex
Post by Senex » 19 Aug 2020 21:49
Not sure how wargaming was done by the Germans during the Second World War, but today, they are disciplined map exercises.
The two sides are represented and their play is "free." In other words, they do not have to fold a given script (although what both sides end up doing in the wargame has to be realistic and logistically feasible). There is an umpire to rule on such matters.
The battle or campaign is broken down into manageable chunks (hours or days for a battle, days to weeks for a campaign). The side with the initiative moves first and moves air, land, and sea forces in accordance with a plan written out before the wargame.
The other side reacts and issues orders to its forces.
The first side counteracts, by issuing orders to his forces.
The umpire renders decisions on actions, and, if desired, estimates losses for the two sides in that turn.
Changes to the friendly plan (changes in main effort, timing of actions, coordination between components, changes in task organisation, etc.) are recorded.
On to turn 2 and continue until the battle or campaign is finished.
At the end, if the wargame is conducted in a disciplined manner, the friendly plan gets a good workout. If the men playing the bad guys are creative and determined, flaws in the plan may be discovered and the plan adjusted accordingly.
The results are briefed to the commander.
So, it is not really an off-the-shelf commercial board wargame, it is just a disciplined map exercise.
Post by Carl Schwamberger » 19 Sep 2020 21:56
Senex wrote: ↑
The two sides are represented and their play is "free." In other words, they do not have to fold a given script (although what both sides end up doing in the wargame has to be realistic and logistically feasible).
Our map exercises & games were both free & scripted. Heavily scripted games were used to 'fix' procedural actions and doctrinal matters in the minds of the officers. The script ensured they participants acted out all the identified procedures or doctrinal actions identified. Gun drill as it were. Free play was increased in proportion to the mastery of the commanders and HQ staff of their procedural skills.
To illustrate: Junior Lieutenants might be very enthusiastic about creating complex and brilliant battle plans for their plain attack. But, if the Lt cant give clear orders, carry out a series of coherent communications transmissions, or demonstrate he understands the weapons then there not much point in dropping his reins. You have to know your business before you can do business.
At the highest levels procedure and script does not much enter into the map exercise. The participants have a set of goals & defined forces. The commanders and staff at the level of army or army group have their craft down, otherwise they would not be serving in those positions. As you slide down to the battalion or company level a script that tests & trains the participants in skills becomes more important.
Post by Sheldrake » 20 Sep 2020 09:53
Carl Schwamberger wrote: ↑
Many command post and command exercises are based on map exercises. If an army wants to test how a formation HQ (Brigade/div/ Corps or higher) functions the HQs and relevant communications units deploy in the field as if they were going to war. The information is then fed to them by a exercise control. Higher controllers pretend to be the HQ's superiors while lower controllers provide the input from the units or formations they command. At one stage removed the enemy control generates the enemy's actions. The outcomes of Lower control is usually based on some form of map or computer based wargame, something like a massive SPI game. These were aimed at practising and testing the function of the HQs, but were also a rehearsal of the war we might have had to fight.
The biggest were the annual NATO exercises that tested command and control in the event of a conflict with the Warsaw pact, including the procedure for nuclear release. In Britain they were known as Ex Wintex The HQ under exercises were the national government down to corps level on the land forces. Usually the government involvement was through the civilian and military staff in the national ministries for defence. The decision by Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher to take part in the 1983 Ex Able Archer may have nearly triggered WW3, and is the setting for the |TV series Deutchland '83. the lower control end of these exercises for 1 BR Corps usually took place in Hammersmith Barracks Herford with huge maps laid out in the gymnasium and tables for each of the staffs at divisional level. These were manned 24 hours a day by staff officers and watchkeepers. The influx of officers slept in camp beds the loft above the barracks - staff sleeps. The snoring from hundreds of middle aged men sleeping off the effect of Herforder and wobbly Warsteiner was a fearsome sound. It is said that soviet agents were trained to detect this sound from a mile away. The exercise papers post 1980 are still highly classified and have been redacted from the UK's National Archive.
The thing about wargames is that the outcomes do not always reflect those of actual battles. The enemy is only as good as the enemy controllers understanding of enemy capabilities strategy and tactics. The exercise setting itself may mislead. All the NATO exercises assumed that conflict would arise after a period of rising tension. This was because for NATO to function governments would need time to act and to mobilise the reserves. We never practiced a come as you are WW3, even though the USSR had shown itself capable of acting with strategic surprise- e.g. the occupation of Afghanistan 1979.
If conflicts are resolved by the judgement of umpires these are subject to individual prejudice and political pressure. If by a set of rules, these are fallible and can be gamed. I once was a lower controller in a NATO exercises managed by a huge computer wargame. It should not have mattered that we were going to lose some key terrain under attack by 3rd Shock Army, because this might have raised the potential weakness of the 1 BR Corps front. However it would have made our commanders look bad, so we gamed the game and fed in individual replacements at a huge rate to maintain the combat strength of units defending this ground.
In WW2 the Germans did wargame the sickle cut plan. I suspect von Paulus must have war-gamed Op Barbarossa. 7th Army held wargames before the invasion of Normandy. Reading the FMS interviews I suspect the focus of the Seventh army wargames would have been looking at the Rommel forward deployment and employment of reserves. They would have considered allied parachutists and commandos and the significance of naval gunfire. They probably would not have included amphibious tanks and would have assumed an allied reinforcement rate based on landings on open beaches using craft. Mulberry harbour, LST and DUKW would have been outeide the scope of the exercise setting.
Sheldrake wrote: ↑
The thing about wargames is that the outcomes do not always reflect those of actual battles. The enemy is only as good as the enemy controllers understanding of enemy capabilities strategy and tactics. The exercise setting itself may mislead. ...
A important point. Mays (Strange Victory) claims none of the German games testing plans for Case Yellow predicted the victory the was had. the games usually resulted in strategic defeat, or at best a static stalemate.
In WW2 the Germans did wargame the sickle cut plan.
At Halders OKW HQ in least twice for certain and perhaps five times November through March 1940. Each those exercises ran through multiple iterations or several variants. ie: The early exercise in November tested three plans. 1. the main effort or schwerpunkt in the north with Army Group B. 2. the main effort with AG A. 3. No main effort, with a large reserve held to exploit any success.
Its important to note the Army Group staff, Army, Corps, and Division staff gamed their roles in the overall plan. So, at multiple levels the plan was gamed/tested dozens of times. This is normal in most armies. Post Desert Storm numerous documents were captured which included those from Iraqi army map exercises testing their defense plans. In Kuwait city a sand table was found where the local corps or army staff tested plans for repelling a amphibious attack.
I suspect von Paulus must have war-gamed Op Barbarossa.
Yes those are referred to in miscl sources. Also lower level HW testing their roles.
7th Army held wargames before the invasion of Normandy. I suspect the focus of the Seventh army wargames would have been looking at the Rommel forward deployment and employment of reserves. ...
Those are often described. A 7th Army level map ex was scheduled for 6th June. Ironic No? Marcks the Corps commander responsible for the Cotientin peninsula & the Calvados coast had run his most recent map ex in May. Exactly how those tested Rommels plan Ive not seen described. However, in January a Army Group map ex run by Rundsteadts HQ tested a Allied landing north of the Seine. In the post ex critique Marcks voiced a negative view as only the 15th Army sector was considered & no companion exercise for the Calvados/Cotientin coasts was run. Rundsteadts staff & Rommel dismissed Marcks view as they thought those beaches were protected by extensive reefs & shoals. Later the Navy told them otherwise. Rommel was outraged at this exercise because Allied tactical airpower was dismissed to the point where it was not allowed to interfere with ground unit movement. Geyrs panzer group was able to assemble and execute a set piece series of attacks driving the enemy army back to the beaches. The rational given was the air force would cover and defend ground operations, preventing any significant interference.
How subsequent Army Group map or field exercises that winter or spring went I cant say.
.... They would have considered allied parachutists and commandos...
Initially airborne ops were considered impractical in the Cotientin/Calvados region. The arrival of airborne experts with the para divisions changed that attitude and the obstacles went up.
and the significance of naval gunfire.
To a limited degree. Rommel and others state clearly they were stunned by the severity of the naval fire support. Far in excess of what they estimated from experience in the Mediterranean. They did field test the beach obstacles with barges and a captured Brit landing craft. They found the barges could push over and through the obstacles at high tide, which led to a program to hang a mine on each obstacle.
Appleknocker27
Location: US/Europe
Post by Appleknocker27 » 17 Nov 2020 17:22
What specific wargame info are you looking for? Movement? Combat resolution? Logistics? Its a pretty broad topic and as Carl S elaborated on, there are different levels of wargame and different training objectives.
Return to "German Strategy & General German Military Discussion"

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Home » Writing Guides
Books about writing in general, including improving your style, grammar and word use. Also books on copy editing and proof-reading.
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Described by the New York Times as 'the best-written (guide) this year', this gives full coverage of writing, including how write essays and sentences, and punctuation, in one handy large-format paperback.
Essential English for Journalists, Editors and Writers (Pimlico)
Harold Evans, Crawford Gillan
A truly useful and enjoyable book. 'You can look forward to reading some of the most exacting analysis of how to use words and sentences effectively, from people who spend their working lives trying to stamp out journalese.' From our Review
Freelance Proofreading and Copy-editing: A Guide
Trevor Horwood
ActionPrint Press
The Oxford Guide to Style (Language Reference)
Robert Ritter
"The Oxford Guide to Style is probably not as instantly entertaining as its companion, The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors, but it's one of those quietly efficient books that sits on the shelf and gets on with paying its way in an unglamorous but deeply necessary kind of way, the kind of book you don't think about until you really need it, but at that moment you'll be so grateful it's there." Read the review.
Proofreading Plain and Simple (In Plain English Series)
Debra May
A well-organized and concise American reference, including the basics of editing, appropriate use of proof-reader's marks, proofreading exercises, examples of how to make corrections, the most common and most critical errors to catch, and a chart of the most common proofreading symbols. Includes recommendations and reminders about the objectives and goals of proofreading. Useful both for the beginner and for those who are experienced in proofreading, pointing out the pitfalls of proofreading one's own work.
Increase Your Word Power: How to find the right word when you need it, structured exercises to boost your word power, clear explanations for everyday vocabulary problems
Angela Burt
Using structured exercises, this shows you how to find the right word when you need it.
Linked items...
'The biggest kick'
'The biggest kick is reading something new and exciting and then getting other people to share your enthusiasm... Beyond all the cant and hypocrisy in publishing, that's what it's all about...'
On receiving the Maxwell Perkins Award for lifetime achievement: Read more
13 January 2020 - What's new
'Writers make everybody nervous but we terrify Silly Service workers. Our apartments always look like a front for something, and no matter how carefully we tidy up for guests we always seem to miss the note card that says, "Margaret has to die soon." We own the kind of books that spies use to construct codes, like The Letters of Mme.
Oh what a night! Twitter brings £1,000 worth of orders to empty bookshop | Books | The Guardian
Oh what a night! Twitter brings £1,000 worth of orders to empty bookshop | Books | The Guardian website
An independent bookshop that failed to sell a single book on a rainy day this week has been inundated with customers after publishing pictures of its empty aisles on social media.
The Petersfield Bookshop in Hampshire sent a melancholy tweet revealing that it had not welcomed one paying customer, probably for the first time in its 100-year history.
John le Carré wins $100,000 prize for 'contribution to democracy' | Books | The Guardian
John le Carré wins $100,000 prize for 'contribution to democracy' | Books | The Guardian website
John le Carré has been named the latest recipient of the $100,000 (£76,000) Olof Palme prize, an award given for an "outstanding achievement" in the spirit of the assassinated Swedish prime minister.
Indie Means Indie | Fiction Notes
Indie Means Indie | Fiction Notes website
Smashwords' Mark Coker is sounding the alarm about indie publishers (those who write and publish their own works-let's get the terminology right-it's INDIE publishers, not the deprecating "self-published") relying too much on Amazon.
I agree with Coker.
They Made a Movie Out of It | James Pogue
They Made a Movie Out of It | James Pogue website
In early 2018, I was spending a warm West Hollywood Sunday evening on the balcony of a young director of film development, drinking a beer and hoping for an early night[1]. Read more
TS Eliot prize-winner Roger Robinson: 'I want these poems to help people to practise empathy' | Books | The Guardian
TS Eliot prize-winner Roger Robinson: 'I want these poems to help people to practise empathy' | Books | The Guardian website
"Since I was 19 I've been living in England and thinking I'd go home, but there was a point, around six years go, when I realised I'm here now: I'm black British." So says Roger Robinson, who this week won the TS Eliot prize for A Portable Paradise, a poetry collection born of this realisation. Read more
Reviving the Traditional Mystery for a 21st Century Audience | CrimeReads website
It is the nature of progress that what is now cutting-edge will, with the passing of time, become traditional. And it is the nature of human beings to remake and refine what has worked in the past, and call it new. Read more
Jo Nesbø: 'We should talk about violence against women' | Books | The Guardian
Jo Nesbø: 'We should talk about violence against women' | Books | The Guardian website
The Norwegian crime writer Jo Nesbø, 59, has sold more than 33m books worldwide and won a host of prizes, including the prestigious Glass Key for best Nordic crime novel. Nesbø took a circuitous route to becoming a bestselling author, playing football for Norway's premier league team Molde before torn knee ligaments ended his career. Read more
The New Rude Masters of Fantasy & Science Fiction – and Romance | The World Remains Mysterious
The New Rude Masters of Fantasy & Science Fiction – and Romance | The World Remains Mysterious website
We're closing the doors on 2019 and with that, I've finally finished up this essay, which I've been working on for over a year and which keeps having to be updated as new scuffles arose. Read more
E-book piracy on LinkedIn SlideShare hurts smaller authors
E-book piracy on LinkedIn SlideShare hurts smaller authors website
If you want to purchase a copy of The Institute, Stephen King's latest novel about supernatural kids, you could find it at your local bookstore or order it on Amazon. You could also head to your local library, where the world's books are available for the low, low price of free. Read more
'Writers make everybody nervous but we terrify Silly Service workers. Our apartments always look like a front for something, and no matter how carefully we tidy up for guests we always seem to miss the note card that says, "Margaret has to die soon." We own the kind of books that spies use to construct codes, like The Letters of Mme. Read more
'Creative' Writing (15)
Educational and Academic Writing (10)
Fiction Writing (29)
General Guides (23)
Genre Fiction Writing (12)
Internet and the Writer (10)
Non-Fiction Writing (21)
Other Types of Writing (7)
Personal Accounts (8)
Play and Script-Writing (20)
Selling your work (10)
The Business of Publishing (7)
Writers' Bookshop (22)
Writers' Reference (3)
Writing Guides (18)
'Much is written of the power of the Press, a power which may last but a day; by comparison little is heard of the power of books, which may endure for generations.'
— Sir Stanley Unwin
Axis Mundi Books
The Essential Guide to Writing for Children 4
New Writer's Guide
Your Computer Chair
BBC - Culture - How reading has changed in the 2010s
Electronic marks
International Scripts
Distribution | Inside Publishing
6 March 2017 - What's new
Subsidiary Rights | Inside Publishing


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Wspólna polityka rybołówstwa (WPRyb) (wspólna polityka rybacka) – polityka Unii Europejskiej w ramach mechanizmu wspólnego rynku, stanowiąca w zakresie rybołówstwa odpowiednik wspólnej polityki rolnej.

Zarys
Unia Europejska posiada największą na świecie morską wyłączną strefę ekonomiczną, toteż wielu obywateli UE utrzymuje się z morza i jego zasobów – przede wszystkim ryb, ale także energii pochodzącej z przybrzeżnych pól naftowych i gazowych. Działalność floty handlowej UE zależy od oceanów. Obszary przybrzeżne przyciągają turystów – to także prężny sektor gospodarki. Unijny sektor rybołówstwa jest czwartym co do wielkości tego rodzaju sektorem w świecie. Co roku dostarcza on około 6,4 mln ton ryb. W sektorze rybołówstwa i przetwórstwa rybnego pracuje ponad 350 tysięcy osób.

Przyczyną zainicjowania wspólnotowych działań w rybołówstwie była świadomość zagrożenia wyginięciem wielu gatunków ryb, kurczenia się zasobów mórz i potrzeba wprowadzenia regulacji rynku oraz kontroli wykorzystania zasobów morskich. W celu ochrony zasobów rybnych w ramach wspólnej polityki rybołówstwa Unii Europejskiej stosuje się specjalny instrument: globalne kwoty połowowe (ilość ryb, którą można odłowić z danego zasobu w określonym czasie), przydzielane każdemu państwu członkowskiemu i tworzące tym samym narodowe kwoty połowowe.

Obszary działania

Ochrona zasobów morskich i wspólna organizacja rynku rybnego
Wspólna organizacja rynku rybnego Unii Europejskiej opiera się na:
 jednolitych standardach produktów rybołówstwa pochodzenia wspólnotowego
 ochrona zasobów przed przełowieniem
 zrównoważona eksploatacja żywych zasobów wodnych z biologicznego, środowiskowego i gospodarczego punktu widzenia
 zapewnienie konsumentom i przemysłowi przetwórczemu regularnych dostaw po rozsądnych cenach
 tworzeniu organizacji producentów, które reprezentują interesy rybaków wspólnotowych
 stosowaniu cen minimalnych, poniżej których nie wolno sprzedawać produktów rybołówstwa
 tworzeniu zasad wymiany handlowej z krajami spoza Wspólnoty.

Polityka strukturalna
Ważną rolę w finansowaniu zadań związanych z rozwojem rybołówstwa, gospodarką zasobami rybnymi, zmianami strukturalnymi w tym sektorze oraz rewitalizacją obszarów morskich odgrywa utworzony w 1993 roku fundusz strukturalny, obecnie pod nazwą Europejski Fundusz Morski, Rybacki i Akwakultury (EFMRiA).

Współpraca międzynarodowa w zakresie polityki rybołówstwa
UE zawarła z krajami trzecimi partnerskie umowy o połowach, a na forum regionalnych i międzynarodowych organizacji rybołówstwa prowadzi negocjacje zmierzające do tego, by wodami w całym świecie gospodarowano w sposób uregulowany, przejrzysty i zrównoważony oraz by nadmiernie ich nie eksploatowano.

Umowy te dają unijnym rybakom możliwość połowów na odległych wodach, a tym samym sprzyjają stałemu zaopatrywaniu rynku UE – w zamian za środki finansowe, dzięki którym kraje trzecie, w tym kraje rozwijające się, mogą inwestować w przemysł rybacki i powiększać zasoby rybne.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Elżbieta Berkowska Wspólna polityka rybołówstwa, Biuro Analiz Sejmowych Kancelarii Sejmu, Warszawa 2011.

Gospodarka Unii Europejskiej
Rybołówstwo


Mary Washington Hospital in Fredericksburg, Virginia is seeking to find a key leader for their flagship hospital Director of Emergency Services role. Mary Washington Healthcare is a not-for-profit regional health system of two hospitals, an integrated multi-specialty medical group, numerous ambulatory centers including one with a free-standing emergency department, and over 40 healthcare facilities and wellness services. They are recognized as a Magnet Nursing facility, they hold "best hospital" recognitions, and numerous quality of care awards. They are also a fully integrated Epic client and are well known for their commitment to quality and the community they serve.
The Director of Emergency Services will oversee the flagship hospital's emergency department and regional trauma center, observation unit, and a free-standing emergency room in the south part of their service area. The department is highly important to the system and leadership is committed to giving them the resources for it to be a best practice department.
Bachelor's Degree in Nursing is required. Master's degree in Nursing, Business, Health Administration or related field is strongly preferred.
Licensure or eligibility for licensure as a Registered Nurse in the State of Virginia is required.
Should possess minimum of five to seven years of management experience in emergency nursing/patient care leadership and over ten years experience in a large, complex hospital setting.
Experience in a designated trauma center and/or larger and more complex emergency room setting is preferred.
Experience in recruiting and retaining nursing departmental staff in a competitive marketplace. Ideally, this person will bring new and creative strategies to retain existing staff.
Fredericksburg located just one hour south of Washington, DC and 45 minutes north of Richmond, Virginia's state capital. This city is well known for its historic heritage as a center of activity during the Colonial and Civil War eras. In addition, it is one of the fastest growing cities in the state and offers the amenities of a big city but the charm of a small town.
We would appreciate receiving recommendations or nominations of qualified candidates and applications of personal interest. All nominations will be handled with the utmost of professional courtesy and confidentiality. For more information please contact us via e-mail at: MaryWashHealthDirED@wkadvisors.com .


1000+lines takes the approach Uzu did and focuses on lines. The app is filled with 1000 plus lines that respond to your touch. The lines slowly change colors over time. The app does not have quite as high of a graphics "wow" that many of the others apps have. We do like how it is a bit different from those apps that focus on particle manipulation. And, it is universal, so use it on all your iDevices. The free version (linked below) is for iPad only.
#Top paid 12 in U.S.A.
When you leave the app alone, the lines will start moving on their own, as though they are alive.
• save image in photo albums.


A lightbulb moment took hold of one supplier to Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust after he became inspired at the buying team's first supplier awards.
Brian Mangan, head of procurement at the trust, launched the Excellence in Supply Awards 2011 last November to celebrate good practice. During the event a mattress supplier who got an idea promptly began scribbling on a beer mat. Mangan told SM the drawing was of an alternative shape that could be cut from mattress cloth to reduce waste of the material and save money. "The supplier came up with a new manufacturing approach and we are still quantifying the cost savings that have been passed on to the trust as a result. The awards night was procurement's way of dropping a stone in the water," he said.
The ripple effect of the awards has already begun. Mangan said closer relations with strategic suppliers, innovation and more motivated providers are among the benefits. He said they also raised procurement's profile among the rest of the organisation, especially as internal stakeholders helped select the winners.
Mangan said supplier events redress the balance and "stop the NHS being seen as a soft touch", which was traditionally the case. He aims to see 70 per cent of spend channelled through the trust's strategic suppliers and plans to create innovation groups this year, split by key spend categories, which involve providers and stakeholders.
He now plans to establish a supplier conference in May to tell suppliers about the trust's challenges and stimulate feedback on how it can work differently with providers to create efficiencies.


Over the next few posts we will be discussing some basics of insurance. This can be an interesting topic, but for most of us, it's as bad as discussing Taxes! Regardless, it's a necessary evil, so hopefully the next few posts will make this topic more understandable.


St Andrew Church is a great place to start if you are tracing your ancestors or researching the history of the parish. The church has made available free downloadable records dating back two hundred years while records dating back four hundred years, to 1600, are available for purchase.
The following records have been transcribed and can be read by clicking on the relevant link below.
You will need to have software compatible with Microsoft Excel to read the files. If you do not have such software already installed, click here to download Excel Viewer from the Microsoft website.
Baptisms, Marriages & Burials 1609 – 1812 are available on CD (70), cost £9.99, from the Leicestershire & Rutland Family History Society, Pilot House, King Street, Leicester LE16RN, or www.lrfhs.org.uk.
Whissendine has a full index and plan of burials in the churchyard, which can be consulted at the back of the church.


Reliability is important in every factor of our life but when it comes to cars, reliability is more important than ever. As a driver, you want to feel safe in your car and secure in the knowledge that your vehicle will not leave you stranded in the middle of a long trip, or end up costing you a fortune in expensive car repairs.
So if you are looking to lease a new car and reliability is the top of your list, Nationwide Vehicle Contract has put together a list of 10 of the most reliable cars of 2016 according to the 2016 Driver Power survey from Auto Express.
Top of the list is the Lexus RX which was voted the most reliable car of 2016 in the 2016 Driver Power Survey. Equipped with a 3.5 litre petrol engine and an electric motor , the Lexus RX is a refined and smooth electric SUV boasting a great interior design and generous equipment list as standard. View our latest lease offers on the Lexus RX here.
Taking second place is another Lexus - the Lexus IS. As with other Lexus models, the IS Saloon boasts excellent build quality with high quality materials and a spacious and practical cabin. Under the bonnet, the powerful V6 petrol and efficient hybrid engine makes it more environmental friendly than ever before with CO2 emissions as low as 99g/km.
Third on the list you is one of the most popular SUVs in the world - the Toyota Land Cruiser. The Toyota Land Cruiser offers off-road capabilities without compromising on comfort and style, with the 2.8-litre four-cylinder diesel engine delivering decent power and performance. Inside, the Land Cruiser boasts a practical interior with plenty of feature as standard.
Another Lexus model in the list of the most reliable cars is the Lexus GS. This distinctive executive saloon is a popular lease choice for customers who want an efficient, well built saloon to combine work and family life. The Lexus GS comes with two engines 300h and 450h to choose from, both of which promise to deliver great performance and economy.
In fifth place is the Tesla Model S - a luxurious and prestige fully electric car with an impressive range of more than 300 miles. Outside, the Telsa Model S boasts an eye catching style that makes it stand out on the road. The interior is equally impressive with its futuristic and luxurious design equipped with the latest in-car technology.
Subaru has a great reputation for solidity and reliability so its no surprise that the Subaru Forester is sixth on the list for the most reliable cars of 2016. The fourth generation Forester is more spacious and practical than ever, with its comfortable cabin designed to make long journeys feel like a breeze. The Subaru Forester also comes with a four-wheel drive system and a choice of three engines including two petrols and one diesel.
The Honda Civic has been on sale since 1973 and remains a popular lease choice for many customers thanks to its distinctive style, strong reliability and strong residual values. Available with a wide choice of petrol and diesel engines, the Honda Civic also delivers an exhilarating performance whilst keeping emissions low.
Making its mark as the only city car in the list is the Skoda Citigo. Surprisingly spacious and comfortable for a car of its size, the Skoda Citigo is one of the best city cars to lease right now thanks to its excellent interior quality and low running costs. Under the bonnet, the Citigo can be fitted with a choice of two 1.0 litre three cylinder petrol engines, with a 59 or 74bhp output.
Voted as the car with the best build quality in the 2016 Driver Power survey, the Lexus NX takes ninth place in our top 10 list. Thanks to its bold style and upmarket interior, the NX stands out from the crowd in the overcrowded SUV market and thanks to its petrol/electric hybrid engine, is also incredibly efficient. Inside the NX you will find a spacious and luxurious interior with a generous equipment list as standard and the latest in-car technology.
Finally, the last car of the list is no other but the Lexus CT. Combing sharp looks and a comfortable interior with responsive handling and low CO2 emissions, the Lexus CT is a competitive lease alternative to the BMW 1 Series and the Audi A3. Under the bonnet, the CT is powered by a 1.8-litre VVT-i petrol engine with an electric motor, delivering a respectable 134PS.
Do you agree with this list? Please let us know in the comments below which is the most reliable car you have ever owned.


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First study examines PTSD and cognitive impairment in World Trade Center responders
by Alzheimer's Association
New research published by the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring confirms the connection between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cognitive impairment - in this case, among those who helped with search, rescue and cleanup efforts following the 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks.
"To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association of PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD) with cognitive impairment in a large group of civilian World Trade Center responders without head injury," said Sean A. Clouston, Ph.D., first author on the article.
"Cognitive impairment among World Trade Center responders: Long-term implications of re-experiencing the 9/11 terrorist attacks," by Sean A. Clouston, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Program in Public Health, Health Science Center, Stony Brook University and colleagues, was published online as an article in-press by the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring.
In the study population of more than 800 WTC responders:
Approximately 12.8% (104) had scores indicative of cognitive impairment (CI) and 1.2% (10) had scores suggesting possible dementia.
Current PTSD and MDD were associated with CI.
Re-experiencing symptoms (e.g., flashbacks, nightmares) was consistently associated with CI.
Since 2002, more than 33,000 responders have enrolled in a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored WTC Health Program. According to the authors of this new study, if the findings from their group are representative of actual prevalence of CI in the full cohort, results may translate into 3,740-5,300 individuals with CI and 240-810 individuals with dementia.
"These numbers are staggering, considering that the average age of responders was 53 during this study," Clouston said.
"If our results are replicable, doctors need to be aware of the impact of cognitive impairment among individuals who have experienced traumatic events leading to PTSD. For example, cognitive impairment can compound the course of PTSD and depression, impairing the person beyond the impact of PTSD itself," said Clouston. Cognitive impairment and dementia can reduce a person's ability to properly take their medicine, make and attend their appointments, and other important aspects of managing chronic disease.
"This is a problem we must solve," said Maria Carrillo, Ph.D., Alzheimer's Association chief science officer. "The silver lining in these troubling new findings is that they will help us better understand the relationship between PTSD, cognition and dementia. More research is needed in this area. This is crucial so that we can provide better care for all individuals who experience PTSD."
PTSD has been previously linked to cognitive impairment in veterans. A large study of veterans found that PTSD was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of incident dementia. (Yaffe, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of dementia among US veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010.
More About The Study
During the World Trade Center attacks, responders who helped in search, rescue, and recovery endured an array of traumatic and toxic exposures. According to the study authors, one-fifth of these individuals subsequently developed PTSD. In July 2002, the CDC initiated a monitoring and treatment program for WTC responders, spanning five clinical centers. Since then, more than 33,000 responders have enrolled in the WTC Health Program. Stony Brook University (SBU) runs the second largest clinical center, monitoring more than 8,000 responders residing on Long Island, NY.
For this study, trained clinicians screened 818 responders for CI and dementia during monitoring visits at SBU clinics from January 2014 to April 2015. 89.8% completed the screening. On average, SBU responders were 52.8 years old when this sample was taken. Trained clinicians administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which consists of multiple short-form tests of reasoning, concentration, problem solving, and memory. Trained psychologists diagnosed both PTSD and MDD.
Additional study findings suggest that:
Responders with CI had lower education, non-law enforcement occupations (such as construction or utility workers), older age, and were more likely to be current smokers than those without CI.
For re-experiencing symptoms, longitudinal analyses suggest consistent associations with CI beginning as early as 2002. Notable, baseline severity of re-experiencing symptoms predicted later diagnoses of PTSD and MDD.
Current PTSD and current MDD remained significantly associated with CI after adjusting for education, occupation, trauma severity, smoking status, hazardous drinking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and respiratory disease.
Clouston pointed out that, "Our results support research noting the importance of re-experiencing symptoms as an early marker of mental pathology." Re-experiencing symptoms occurs when individuals react physically and emotionally to memories of past trauma that intrude during daily activities and while asleep. Sleep disturbances are fundamental to PTSD and also have been linked to cognitive decline and dementia.
There are some important limitations to the study acknowledged by the authors.
The results require validation using comprehensive batteries of cognition and diagnostic evaluations by a trained clinician to diagnose the cause(s) of cognitive impairment in this population.
These results are limited to study participants who were selected for screening, and, as such, this study does not inform us about the relative risk of other people with similar occupational exposures.
Although no significant association was found in this study linking head injuries and cognitive impairment, future research should explore whether prior head injury may modify the relationship between PTSD and cognitive impairment.
Pivotal study finds link between PTSD and dementia
Provided by Alzheimer's Association
Citation: First study examines PTSD and cognitive impairment in World Trade Center responders (2016, August 29) retrieved 17 January 2022 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-08-ptsd-cognitive-impairment-world-center.html
Veterans who don't meet all PTSD criteria still at risk for depression, suicide and substance abuse
Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with dementia among older veterans
Burden of full and subsyndromal PTSD in police who responded to the World Trade Center disaster
PTSD symptomatology linked to increased risk of RA
Study of WTC responders: PTSD and respiratory illness linked


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My Media Room
My Brag Sheet
My Documentary
My Featured Project
Presentations and Resources
Thomas LaVeist
Major Honors and Awards
Institute of Medicine, National Academies - Elected 2013
American Journal of Public Health, Article of the Year - 2012
F.H.D.R. (Fellow in Health Disparities Research) W. Montague Cobb/National Medical Association Health Institute Senior Fellows - 2012
Innovation Award, National Institutes of Health, NIMHD - 2008
Delta Omega – Honorary Society in Public Health, Alpha Chapter – 2006
Knowledge Award, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health - 2006
Who's Who in America, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013
Who's Who among African Americans, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012
Distinguished Alumni Citation, National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education (NAFEO) - 1994
Outstanding Young Alumnus Award, University of Maryland Eastern Shore - 1994
The Dreamkeeper Award, University of Michigan, Office of Minority Affairs - 1993
Brookdale National Fellow - 1991
Roberta G. Simmons Dissertation Award, American Sociological Association - 1989
Alain LeRoi Locke Award, Phi Beta Sigma Educational Foundation, 1984


text:
Watch Full HD My Lucky Stars 2: Twinkle Twinkle Lucky Stars (1985) Online Free - SidiFlix
My Lucky Stars 2: Twinkle Twinkle Lucky Stars
A police informant sent a letter containing sensitive information on an illegal drug operation to his friend, Yi-Ching. While on vacation in Thailand, the informant is assassinated by the drug lord's henchmen and, to cover-up their operation, they attempt to eliminate Yi-Ching and double-agent Lau. Back in Hong Kong, police detectives Muscles and Ricky Fung are assigned to protect Lau and Inspector Barbara Woo is assigned to protect Yi-Ching. She takes her to the hideout of the "Five Lucky Stars" and also enlists their help in bringing down the drug operation.
Genres: Action, Comedy
Actors: Eric Tsang, Richard Ng, Sammo Kam-Bo Hung, Kiu Wai Miu
Director: Sammo Kam-Bo Hung
My Lucky Star
Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy
Director: Dennie Gordon
A woman gets caught up in an international diamond heist which pushes her close to a spy who is trying to save the world.
My Lucky Stars
Two Hong-Kong cops are sent to Tokyo to catch an ex-cop who stole a large amount of money in diamonds. After one is captured by the Ninja-gang protecting the rogue cop, the other one gets his old Orphanage gang, dubbed the "Five Lucky Stars," to help him. They don't like this much, but they do it.
Genre: Horror, Action, Adventure, Thriller, Comedy, Sci-Fi
Director: Sean Cain
When a top-secret laboratory is unexpectedly breached, thousands of rampaging raptors are unleashed on Los Angeles! A black-ops unit is mobilized to contain the creatures before they cause city-wide chaos. Simultaneously, a truckload of raptors is rerouted to a nearby prison. Upon their escape, these ferocious flesh-eaters are beyond containment. This is Jurassic judgment night for smoking hot sorority girls, sinister scientists, muscle-bound military and doomed death-row inmates! It's about to get bloody in Jurassic City!
Robowar - Robot da guerra
Genre: Horror, Action, Adventure, Comedy, Sci-Fi
Director: Bruno Mattei
A clone/mix of PREDATOR, RAMBO, and ROBOCOP gone nuts jungle flick with an international cast, exotic locale and good electronic music.
Island of Fire
Country: Taiwan
Director: Yen-Ping Chu
Someone in a prison run by a corrupt warden fakes the deaths of convicts to later use them as expendable assassins. A police officer is sent into the prison to gather evidence of the corruption.
Shou hu fei long
Director: Chia Yung Liu
Magnificent Butcher
Genre: Action, Drama, Comedy
Director: Woo-Ping Yuen
A plump butcher student of Wong Fei Hung, Lam Sai-Wing (Sammo) gets into trouble with a rival kung-fu school known as Five Dragons and is accused of raping the head of that school's goddaughter and killing his son. Now Ko, the head of five dragons, wants revenge.
Once Upon a Time in China and America
Genre: Action, Adventure, History
The story is set in both Hong Kong and the U.S. So goes to the U.S. to open a martial arts school. Around this time, many Chinese people were sold off to U.S. railroad companies, and were brutally treated by the Americans under the harsh working conditions. Thus, the American workers' hatred towards the Chinese immigrants is high. As a result, So gets into trouble with the Americans and the mob, and calls Master Wong for help.
Winners & Sinners
Fresh from prison, five friends try to stay crime free but inadvertently find themselves caught in a Triad war.
In Melbourne, the Chinese Chef Jackie has a successful show on television. The drug lord Giancarlo and his gang are dealing cocaine with The Demons gang, but they fight against each other. During the shooting, the snoopy reporter Diana and her partner are accidentally exposed and they flee with a VHS tape with the footage of the negotiation. On the street, she stumbles with Jackie and he helps her fighting against the gangsters. When they are escaping in his car, her tape accidentally mixes with other videotapes that Jackie has in a box on the backseat of his car. Jackie goes to his apartment and meets his girlfriend Miki while his nephews "borrow" the tape to watch. Meanwhile Giancarlo's gangsters are looking for the tape and abduct Miki. Jackie's friend Romeo, who is a police detective, chases the gangsters with other policemen while Jackie teams up with Diana and his friend Lakisha to release Miki from Giancarlo.


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Two arrested in connection with death of cyclist after road collision in Hertfordshire
Nicolas Keeler involved in collision with car in early hours of Sunday morning as he was cycling back from a night shift at work
Police tape (Getty)
By Nigel Wynn
Two people have been arrested after the death of a cyclist as a result of a collision in Aldenham, Hertfordshire, on Sunday.
Cyclist Nicolas Keeler, 44, died at the scene after the collision with a car on Radlett Road, near High Cross, on Sunday at around 12.40am. He was cycling back from a shift at the Just Eat call centre in Borehamwood.
A 41-year-old man from Watford and a 25-year-old woman from Wilsden have both been arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving. Both have since been released.
Hertforshire Police reports that both Keeler and the occupants of the car were travelling in the same direction through Aldenham towards Watford.
An initial report in the Watford Observer said that the driver of the car had left the scene and it was being treated as a hit-and-run case. Subsequently, the two arrests were made.
>>> One cyclist killed after driver crashes into American sportive riders 'at more than 100mph'
Police are investigating the incident and are appealing for witnesses or information.
"I'm appealing for anyone who witnessed the collision or has information about the circumstances leading up to the incident and has not already spoken to police to get in touch," said investigating officer, Sergeant Martin Kemp.
"Any information you provide could prove to be crucial to our investigation."
Information can be passed to the police by telephoning Hertfordshire Constabulary on 101, quoting reference 'ISR 39 of February 11' or online at www.herts.police.uk/report.
Nigel Wynn
Former Associate Editor
Nigel Wynn worked as associate editor on CyclingWeekly.com, he worked almost single-handedly on the Cycling Weekly website in its early days. His passion for cycling, his writing and his creativity, as well as his hard work and dedication, were the original driving force behind the website's success. Without him, CyclingWeekly.com would certainly not exist on the size and scale that it enjoys today. Nigel sadly passed away, following a brave battle with a cancer-related illness, in 2018. He was a highly valued colleague, and more importantly, n exceptional person to work with - his presence is sorely missed.
Jess Roberts doubles up at British Track Championships as 19 year-old sprinter topples Olympian
Comeback queen wins her first solo national title in the scratch race
Extinction Rebellion stages anti-Shell protest at British Track Champs
Two people carried a banner through the stands at Newport's Geraint Thomas National Velodrome


Michael Anthony Mather director information. Free company director check.
Michael Anthony Mather worked at JK ASSOCIATES (MOT) NORTH WEST LIMITED as Secretary and at J.K. ASSOCIATES (NORTH WEST) LTD as Secretary.


Thank you for your interest in taking the sample Solutions Marketing Competency assessment!
Works with product/services development, product/services marketing and strategic marketing to identify use cases and manage the development of solutions that meet the needs of a specific industry segment (e.g., Utilities). Provides input, based on market and competitive analysis, to pricing and positioning of the solution. Ensures that all aspects of the solution – and all relevant constituencies – are considered and involved in the creation of the solution before it is launched in the market. Reports to the Director of Solutions Development or similar title/function.
Uncovers thought leadership opportunities in a given solution area and identifies internal or external solutions and technology specialists who can provide content that would be valuable to target buyers and speak to and promote the thought leadership agenda. Recommends the most appropriate media to deliver thought leadership content and assists in its dissemination. Measures the extent to which the content is meaningfully consumed by the target audience and makes recommendations for future changes. May also project manage the development of specific content and provide editorial support to content providers. Reports to the Manager of Solutions Marketing, the Director of Thought Leadership, the Content Management Director, or similar title/function.
Works with direct and channel sales teams to identify and deliver the training and tools needed to successfully sell solutions. Identifies processes and systems that might need to be changed to effectively support the marketing, sale, and delivery of one or more solutions and leads a cross-functional team to review, adapt or revise those processes and systems. May be involved in, or responsible for, the design, implementation and measurement of the effectiveness of new training, tools, processes and systems and recommend follow-up activities. May also provide input regarding sales incentives in support of the new solutions. Reports to the VP of Solutions Marketing, VP of Sales, or similar title/function.
Within the next few days, you will receive links and passwords to access the solutions marketing sample competency assessment. If you have any questions, now or at any time during this process, contact shurley@solutionsinsights.com, 781-686-1607..


text:
Trout-Fly-Fishing.com
An Introduction to Fly Fishing
Tip & Techniques
Casting a Fly Rod
Fly Fishing Etiquette
Fly Fishing Flies
Fly Fishing Supplies
Fly Fishing Boats
Just Go Exploring
Cleaning and Cooking
Your Opinions Matter
Your Trout Pictures
Fly Fishing Art
Fly Fishing Art by John Ovcacik
The fly fishing art by John Ovcacik shows his passion for fly fishing and his appreciation for the craftsmanship that goes into the tying of classic flies.
I would like to thank Ken Evoy and the staff at SBI for giving me the tools to build this site.
John Ovcacik has been drawing, painting and 'making things' for as long as he can remember. Most of his work reflects his architectural design background, featuring simple buildings that become sculptural objects for the interplay of light and shadow.
These images have a somewhat surreal, dream-like quality, as they are not based on actual places; they are imagined and designed.
As an avid fly angler, John eventually wanted to incorporate some aspect of that passion into his art. Interesting fly patterns seemed like a good place to start: "While I don't tie my own flies, I have always admired the design and craftsmanship that goes into their creation.
I'm drawn to the classic salmon patterns, but have also painted the more common trout flies. Soft-hackle wets, like the Partridge and Orange, are especially enjoyable to paint".
A recent trip to the Skeena River in B.C. has got John thinking about painting some of the wonderful, gaudy Steelhead patterns.
John works exclusively with acrylic paints, and applies many thin layers to build up a rich, luminous image. The layers of paint are sealed numerous times with an acrylic medium at various stages, and upon completion, the painting is given two or three coats of varnish.
John feels that all of this effort results in an image with a depth and luminosity reminiscent of classical still-life paintings, while maintaining a contemporary attitude.
A two-time recipient of the Elizabeth Greenshields Foundation Award, John has had his work accepted into major juried shows, including those of the Canadian Society of Painters in Watercolour, Arts for the Parks, and the Toronto Outdoor Art Exhibition.
His work was selected as a finalist in the international artist magazine's competition in 2002, and as a finalist in The Artist Magazine's annual competition in 1998. He also received an award of merit in the Arts for the Parks annual competition in 1999.
His paintings are represented in numerous private and corporate collections, including those of Bell Canada, Jetform Corporation, Merrill Lynch Canada and the Royal Canadian Mint.
John currently paints in his home studio in Chelsea, Quebec, just north of Ottawa.
All images are copyrighted and used by permission
GreenHighlander
Cosseboom
CopperJohn
More fly fishing art by John Ovcacik
BlueBomber
Save 50% on Fly Assortment Boxes for Trout
Contact Us About Me
Trout-Fly-Fishing.com does not sell any personal information (See privacy policy)
Copyright © Trout-Fly-Fishing.com 2012-2020 All Rights Reserved


Sammy Reed is one of the most reliable online communities that help international expats start a life here in Germany. We are composed of expats as well who have now become successful in their respective ventures here in Germany. We also want you to become successful. That's why we want to help you achieve your dreams and goals here in Germany.
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If you have any concerns about our expat services, feel free to send us a letter at support@sammyreed.com.


Gardens tend to be wonderful because they add to the visual appeal of a home and can provide healthy produce for you and your family if you choose to grow vegetables. Therefore, is gardening a thing that interests you, something you can see yourself spending time undertaking? Is your lifestyle adaptable enough to include a garden into the mix? It has to be something you want to do, and are ready to spend the time to make it work out right.
When you spend your time growing a garden in the vacant space in your back yard or should you build a basketball court for your children? Conceivably you'd like a jacuzzi or a shed for outdoor storage. Whatever you fancy is a determination that will best suit your family. The purpose of a garden would be to improve your life with pretty flowers or edible produce that might help you eat more healthily. A garden might demand a significant amount of your time but, for many of us working outside with their hands in the soil is a great way to relax and forget about their concerns. Maybe you will feel like you're playing in the dirt such as you did when you were a small child.
To find out if it is best to have a garden, consider what flowers mean to most people. Should it be for a sizeable wedding or simply to show your spouse you care, flowers are a welcome addition any time. They decorate any table by means of style and create an inviting environment around your home. Introducing color by using flowers planted in planting containers or an actual garden is one way to give new life to your patio. If you happen to decide to use complementing colors, your flowers and patio furniture will work together to create a relaxing oasis in your own backyard. When your friends and family admire your garden, you're going to feel proud that you put so much work into it.
Although many people enjoy gardening, for other individuals it can be a discouraging chore. Everyone isn't born having a green thumb and it can take a lot of time and testing to make gardening achievable and productive. Do not get disheartened, because gardening is much like everything else in life, it doesn't always work out the first time. While not many people are willing to invest the required time into gardening, those who are will quickly realize that they experience a sense of satisfaction at their accomplishments. Look at your other hobbies and interests and what you end up getting out of them. Gardening can be the same way, once you realize what you will get out of it. If you don't see any benefit in it, then it will be a waste of time for you, and a drudgery.
Gardening is usually whatever you choose to make it. It can provide for both your soul as well as your physical structure. It's going to help you make something that is beautiful while at the time reinvigorating your positive feelings about your capabilities.


How to use it: These images convey ideas around generosity, innovation, abundance, nurturance, joy, and partnership. You may include them in print communications, websites, grateful patient programs, art installations, donor walls, etc. Larger formats for many are available upon request.


I just purchased a 65 with a modded front end. It has the stationary headlights and I am looking to restore it back to its original look. Any ideas? Thanks.
I'm deleting the duplicate (and triplicate) threads, Chris. Leaving this one alone.
Thanks Jane Ann. It didn't seem to be responding on this end at all. I guess it did get posted.
Ecklers has jig assembled front clips that are just like originals and they aren't priced bad either (in the spectrum of C2 costs). I think they are 4-6k range assembled. They also sell 1 peice front ends which are probably stronger if your just looking at your car to be a driver, thats probably the ticket. I would keep an eye out on ebay to maybe buy a wrecked front end or maybe parted out vette stuff to get the headlight buckets and all the other headlight stuff because its really expensive to just order all that stuff from a magazine. It would probably cost you more than the clip! A lot of people quit looking at eckler's years ago because they sold all that crap to make corvettes look weird: fender flares, ground effects probably the front end your not happy with. However, they have reoriented a lot of their stuff to factory reproduction stuff as the C2 values have got crazy. I hope there isn't anyone out there who would still cut a hole in a orignal corvette hood or put in wheel tubs, etc.
Mixing tires front & back. Yes or no?
where to buy front calipers for a 65??


An ami file extension is associated with the Amica Paint picture image format.
What is ami file? How to open ami files?
The ami file extension is related to the Amica Paint, a picture image editor for computers, like C64, Amiga, developed by Commodore company.
The ami file contains picture image from Amica Paint.
Use XnView to view content of *.ami files.
XnView is able to export *.ami files to other formats.
and possible program actions that can be done with the file: like open ami file, edit ami file, convert ami file, view ami file, play ami file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Programs supporting the exension ami on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about XnView MP for view ami file action.


The Olive Art Initiative presents "DIFFERENT STROKES", an exhibition of works by Sanjib Saha, Anshika Varma and Shankar S. This exhibition at Olive Beach, is from November 1st to November 7, 2008 from 12 noon to 11:30 pm. The show previews on October 31st 20008 at Olive Beach.
what time is the preview on oct 31?
Pl call them to find out the time.


Anger and a feeling of helplessness can befall the victim of any auto accident. Those kinds of feelings are heightened in a hit-and-run situation, where the victim deals with the added fact that the at-fault driver has attempted to avoid responsibility.
At Strom & Associates, we help clients who are suffering through the physical and emotional trauma that comes with car accidents. Our Chicago hit-and-run accident lawyers investigate each case, and monitor any ongoing police investigations in an effort to locate the driver who fled the scene. Even if the driver cannot be found, do not give up hope. We may still be able to help you obtain compensation for your injuries.
Our Chicago lawyers have recovered millions of dollars on behalf of injured clients over the years, including a number who were hurt in hit-and-run scenarios. Whether you were a driver or passenger, a pedestrian or a bicyclist at the time you were struck, our attorneys are here to assist you and advocate for you as you seek the full and fair compensation you need and deserve.
What Happens if the Other Driver Cannot Be Found?
Do not despair if an investigation is unable to locate the driver who hit you. In these situations, you can utilize the uninsured motorist (UM/UIM) provisions of your own auto insurance policy. Essentially, you make a claim to own insurer to get the compensation you need.
You should know that insurance companies often try to find ways to avoid paying out these claims. If this happens to you, rest assured that the attorneys of Strom & Associates will be by your side and will work with your insurance company to obtain your benefits. We will not hesitate to engage in litigation if necessary.
From our office in Chicago, we serve clients throughout Illinois, Northwest Indiana and Southern Wisconsin. We handle all personal injury claims on a contingency fee basis, so you pay no fees to us unless we recover compensation for you. To schedule a free consultation to discuss your hit-and-run injuries, call 312-423-1571 or toll free at 866-371-7511. You may also contact us by email.


text:
Q: How to trigger the open function for react-dropzone-component using refs? I am using the react drop-zone component to upload files to the server.
I would like to call the drop-zone open function on button click.
This is what I have tried so far:
I am using refs to reference the drop zone. Also note I have multiple drop-zone's
<DropzoneComponent
  style={{ height: 80 }}
  ref={this.myRef}
  config={config}
  eventHandlers={eventHandlers}
  djsConfig={djsConfig}
  />

And on a separate button click I am calling a function
  openDropZone1 = () => {
    this.refs.myRef.open();
    this.setState({
      bankStatement1: true,
      bankStatement2: false,
      bankStatement3: false
    });
  };

On click of the button I get the following error:-

TypeError: Cannot read property 'open' of undefined
  on this line  this.refs.myRef.open();

Any help or suggestion is most appreciated.
Thank you.

A: https://github.com/react-dropzone/react-dropzone/tree/master/examples/FileDialog
this is the final answer because it's in the docs if this doesn't solve your problem then it is something wrong with your code

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I can't honestly say I've never fancied becoming either a flame dancer or putting anything resembling flames down my throat. That's the theme of this slot game from Novomatic and it's based on the lovely island of Hawaii. It's an entertaining game and it presents its players with some great chances to win some excellent prizes, especially in the bonus game.
This is a really important game from Novomatic as it was one of their first that included expanding wilds. Now that's a feature that I always love seeing in any slot games and it can really help get you some excellent winning combinations. Its presence really does make playing 'Flame Dancer' a very attractive proposition. More about that later.
This is a five-reel slot game that has three rows of attractive looking symbols. Those contain a total of 20 paylines but you don't have to play all of them If you don't want to. Just work out a financial budget and play at a level you feel comfortable with. You can play this game from as little as £0.01 if you want to, so it's a good one to try for those players moving up from the fun slot machines.
'We're off to Hawaii and that can be seen in the background to this game. The symbols include a volcano, drums, a guitar, a coconut and there's also the ten to Ace playing card symbols which are the lower paying ones here.
If you can get five of the volcano symbols, then this wins you 2000x your line bet. Also look out for the drums as a quintet of those has a 750x multiplier.
The wild symbol here is the fire eater, something you wouldn't catch me doing in a million years. I won't even have chilli or curry so what hope have I got with some scorching hot flames going down my throat? Well, this wild is really a symbol to look out for, not just because of its ability to be able to substitute for other symbols in the game. That will get you some handy winning combinations but there's even more chance of that happening here.
When this wild appears It expands and covers the whole reel, the chance of that producing some wins really goes through the roof then. Just to add further to the enjoyment of the game there's a special sound affect when the wild expands.
The Fire Sticks are the scatter symbol in this game. The wild can't substitute for these but they do help get you into the bonus game as will be explained shortly.
Make sure you do some research before playing the game. Look at the paytable which is full of lots of important information such as the winning combinations available, how much they pay and how the bonus game and expanding wild works. Have some free game to see how this all plays out.
If you can get three of the scatter symbols anywhere on the reels then this triggers the bonus game. It's a free spins round and you are given seven of them to play with. That might not sound many but to make things easier for you there are some additional wilds on the reels so that really increases your chances of making some winning combinations.
The game also includes a gamble feature. This crops up when you are lucky enough to get a winning combination in the base game. Now if you want to, you can just decide to decline the offer and move onto the next spin having made a profit. If you do decide to go for the gamble, it's best to do so when you've just had a small win caused by the playing card symbols. It's the usual guess the card routine again with the chance to double your win if you can correctly guess the colour of the next card. Just be careful not to waste good wins on this.
A really good game that presents its player with some good winning opportunities. It has a good look and sound to it The expanding wild is always a popular feature (the infamous gamble feature not so) and the bonus game can be quite profitable as a result. Definitely recommended, this really is hot stuff.


text:
What Is the Difference Between a Knee Wall & a Pony Wall?
By Evan Gillespie
Evan Gillespie
Evan Gillespie grew up working in his family's hardware and home-improvement business and is an experienced gardener. He has been writing on home, garden and design topics since 1996. His work has appeared in the South Bend Tribune, the Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, Arts Everywhere magazine and many other publications.
A half-height knee wall or pony wall can function as a stair rail.
Image Credit: Hans Hansen/Lifesize/Getty Images
The terms knee wall and pony wall are commonly used as if they were synonymous, and both terms are often used to refer to the same types of wall structures. However, some types of walls, such as pony walls that rest on a building's foundation or an attic knee wall, cannot be properly referred to by both names.
Half Wall
The term pony wall is often used interchangeably with the terms knee wall, half wall or sub wall to refer to a wall that does not extend all the way from the floor to the ceiling. These walls are framed and sheathed in the same way as full-height walls, and they typically function as room dividers or screens between spaces within a larger open room. In cases in which the pony wall extends nearly all the way to the ceiling, its function is to serve as a dividing wall while still allowing light to enter over the top of the wall.
Foundation Pony Wall
The term pony wall is used to refer to a load-bearing wall that rests on the sill plate of a foundation and supports the joists of the floor above it. These walls are sometimes called cripple walls, and they carry the load of the entire structure and transmit it to the foundation. Technically, the first-floor walls of a multi-story building are typically pony walls, and single-story buildings often do not have pony walls since their floor joists rest directly on the sill plate.
Non-Structural Walls
Any short wall that functions in a non-structural manner is commonly called a knee wall. Knee walls may support counters or bars, and a half-height knee wall that borders a stairway and follows the slope of the stairs can function as a stair rail. As is the case with other types of short walls, these walls are also sometimes called pony walls.
Attic Knee Wall
An attic knee wall is a short wall that extends from the floor of an attic room to the roof rafters. The knee wall forms the wall of the attic room, and it also creates an enclosed space under the eaves behind the wall. Unlike other kinds of knee walls, this kind of wall extends all the way to the rafters, but because of the slope of the roof, it is shorter than a full-height wall.
Montclair Construction: Seismic Retrofitting
HR Stairs & Rails: Design Ideas
U.S. Department of Energy: Knee Wall Insulation and Air Sealing
Haverkate Distinctive Desert Properties: Architectural Features of Mid-Century Modern Homes
How to Add a Wall to a Room With a Drop Ceiling
Advantages and Disadvantages of Curtain Walls
Joist vs. Beam
What Is a Hip Roof?
What Is a Joist?
How to Calculate the Area of Gable End With a Roofing Slope


Place pork tenderloin in the crock pot with the contents of the soup packet. Pour water, wine, and soy sauce over the top, turning the pork to coat. Spread garlic over the pork, leaving as much on top of the roast during cooking as possible. Sprinkle with pepper, cover, and cook on low setting for 4 hours. Serve with drippings on the side as Au Jus.


Decorating Ideas, Suspended Loft Bed was posted June 27, 2017 at 3:05 am by magazyn.co . More over Suspended Loft Bed has viewed by 6640 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Suspended Bed Plans was posted July 25, 2017 at 11:04 pm by magazyn.co . More over Suspended Bed Plans has viewed by 1133 visitor.


text:
The tide of global freedom is receding, but there's hope
Posted by Fred McMahon | Jan 28, 2019
Is the world losing its taste for freedom as we move further into 2019?
Two recent reports confirm the perception that freedom is under attack globally.
The Human Freedom Index, a joint project of Canada's Fraser Institute, U.S.-based Cato Institute and Germany's Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom, measures freedom on a zero to 10 scale, where 10 is most free.
The index is the first to include all dimensions of freedom: of expression, religion, movement, association and economic, and whether these freedoms are equally extended to women and the LGBT community. It also incorporates the rule of law and personal safety, necessary conditions for freedom.
New Zealand, at 8.89, achieves the highest score and Syria (3.77) the lowest. Canada scores 8.57 and ranks fifth compared to 8.39 for the United States, ranked 17th, little changed over the past decade.
But the global picture is worrisome.
Over the index's effective range, the difference between New Zealand and Syria, freedom has declined by 15 per cent between 2008 (the earliest available comprehensive data) and 2016 (the most recent). Of the 142 jurisdictions with data in 2008 and 2016, 81 declined in freedom, 58 increased and three were unchanged.
This finding of declining freedom dovetails with new research in the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom Report.
The research – by Pál Czeglédi of University of Debrecen, Hungary's oldest university, and Carlos Newland of Instituto Universitario ESEADE and Universidad Torcuato Di Tella – in Argentina, examines international support for economic freedom, the ability of individuals to make their own economic decisions, unfettered by overly powerful government or greedy cronies.
They mine World Values Survey responses on attitudes that underpin economic freedom and thus free markets. Those include: whether competition is good or bad, whether private property should be increased or government nationalization expanded, whether wealth is gained at the expense of others or increases prosperity for all, and whether individuals should take responsibility for their decisions and the consequences.
From this, they analyze attitudes to economic freedom and compare surveys taken in two periods, the first between 1989 and 1994 and the second between 2010 and 2014. In the first period, 29.4 per cent strongly supported free markets compared to just 11.2 in the second period – almost a two-thirds decline. Of the 51 countries that have data in both periods, support for free markets declined in 50, with support growing only in the United Kingdom – by a smidgen.
This could signal bad news for overall freedom and democracy because economic freedom is the cornerstone of both. As Leon Trotsky famously put it, "In a country where the sole employer is the state, opposition means death by slow starvation. The old principle: 'who does not work shall not eat,' has been replaced with a new one: 'who does not obey shall not eat.'"
To be a bit more subtle, where governments or crony elites control people's ability to get a job or promotion, put a roof over their head, travel and, yes, eat, the powers that be have immense tools to suppress freedom. You speak out, you lose your job or worse.
Economic freedom, on the other hand, liberates people from dependence on the powerful so they can make their voices heard and build better lives without fear. Virtually all countries that restrict economic freedom and crush free markets create miserable, unfree, undemocratic lives for their citizens, with Venezuela, once the darling of the left, now the poster country for disaster.
The opposite holds for countries with greater economic freedom, which almost universally have high levels of civil freedom within a stable, tolerant democracy, even when they began poor and undemocratic, such as Taiwan (compare its success to China's suppression), South Korea or Botswana, among many others.
The free market zone includes Nordic countries, which are often falsely called socialist. While Nordic countries have unusually large governments, free-market principles provide the foundation for their economies. They are great free traders, boast business- and entrepreneur-friendly regulations and law, and vigorously protect property rights.
Support for free markets is highest in Nordic countries and the Anglosphere (New Zealand, Canada, the U.S., the U.K. and Australia).
Is a retreat from freedom inevitable?
History provides hope. A wave of democracy and freedom began building globally in the 19th century, only to recede after the First World War. A second wave began after the Second World War but retreated as communism expanded. The fall of communism launched a third grand wave.
Freedom is now in retreat, but the crest of each new wave was higher than the proceeding wave as the failures and violence of dictatorships of left and right became evident to all but brainwashed believers.
The hope now is that history will repeat itself.
Fred McMahon is an analyst at the Fraser Institute.
PreviousAlberta College of Art + Design becoming a university
NextTake your values off the walls and display them in the halls
Fred McMahon
Fred McMahon is a Fraser Institute Resident Fellow and holder of the Dr. Michael A. Walker Chair in Economic Freedom. He has an M.A. in Economics from McGill University. Mr. McMahon manages the Economic Freedom of the World Project and coordinates the Economic Freedom Network, an international alliance of over 100 think tank partners in about 100 nations and territories. His research focuses on global issues such as development, trade, governance and economic structure. Mr. McMahon is the author of numerous research articles
Big ripple effects from Enbridge pipeline project
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