text:
My Thoughts on the Oscars
Happy Monday! I initially wasn't going to watch the Oscars, but my neighbor invited me to a little party she was having, so I thought I should go. Besides the young lady who had to remind us every five seconds that she was from LA and knew somebody connected to whatever actor/actress was on the screen/reminding us that people in LA are shallow/or whatever other anecdote she wanted to share about her hometown, I had a great time!
I think James Franco and Anne Hathaway did a great job; I actually didn't even know they were hosting until I started watching the pre-show. (TV hasn't been big on my things to do lately.) Franco is definitely a 21st century James Dean. Hathaway grew up to be a lovely young woman, who is actually kind of funny. I was happy for Natalie Portman (you all know how I feel about "Black Swan"), and I knew "The King's Speech" would win Best Picture. I'm glad "Inception" got some awards, because it was definitely a great movie. Watching the Oscars made me want to watch "Blue Valentine", "Winter's Bone" and "The Fighter". I'm also kind of tempted to watch "Rabbit Hole" (even though I'm no Nicole Kidman fan) and "The King's Speech".
Can we talk about something that was missing from the Oscars? Black people. Yes, Oprah was on hand to present the award for Best Documentary, they recognized Lena Horne, and Halle Berry said some nice words about the famed actress, but not one African-American was nominated. Now, I can't honestly think of any African-American movies or roles that came out this season worthy of having a nomination…except "For Colored Girls". Maybe the story was too much for the board, but there should have been at least one nomination from that movie-Thandie Newton. She was AMAZING in that movie! Besides "For Colored Girls", were there any films by, for, starring African-Americans? If so, why weren't they nominated? And why is it so hard for us to cross-over into mainstream America? I would like to say I'm so very proud of "Essence" magazine for having their "Blacks in Hollywood" event. It seems apparent that if we don't recognize ourselves, no one will.
What did you guys think of the Oscars? Love it? Hate it? Happy with the winners? Feel like some people were snubbed and should have been nominated? The floor is yours. Until next time, I'm just a Southern girl…in the city!
Harriet Ida Pickens and Francis Wills were the first African-American female Navy officers. In November of 1944, these women graduated as WAVES Officers from the Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School (Women's Reserve) at Northampton, Massachusetts.
Awards Shows, Black History Month, Celebrity News, Movies
Academy Awards, Anne Hathaway, awareness, Black History Month, Francis Wills, Harriet Ida Pickens, James Franco, movies, where are the Black people


With built-in high sensitive smart photocell, the LED outdoor wall lantern is able to automatically turn on when surroundings get dark and off when dawn breaks. Highly convenient with no more manual operations required. Also, electricity wasting avoided as the light will no longer on through the whole day.
With frosted glass lens, this nostalgic looking LED wall mount lantern is a perfect combination of lighting and decorating. It adds a touch of retro flavor for your exterior space, at the same time, provides efficient illumination for your nighttime outdoor activities.
The weather resistant lighting fixture with durable aluminum housing and frame strip. A long lasting service life guaranteed as it is waterproof, erosion and rusting resistance.
ETL-listed for top quality and safe operation, does not contain mercury, UV, IR and other harmful chemical substances, safe lighting device to use around the household.


Germany are among favorites to win the World Cup in 2014, right after Brazil and Argentina. They really seem to have a very solid team and their win against Portugal with kind of impressive lead 3:0 was just a confirmation of that. With players such as Mario Gotze, Mesut Ozil and Miroslav Klose, Germany is a threat to any soccer team.
USA, on the other hand, have never been a huge soccer playing nation, but they definitely are solid in this sport too. Their squad is mainly built up from players playing in their national, MLS Soccer League, where the average level is lower than in most European leagues, but still solid.
Germans will be favorites of the game – no doubt about that, especially seeing how they destroyed Portugal who were considered the favorites of USA vs Portugal game.
Bookmakers seem to think along similar lines, since Germans are massive favorites in terms of betting odds. You can bet on Germany to Win at 1.33 odds at Bet365. I personally think that this line should be a fair bit lower, after seeing just how stable this team was vs. Portugal today.
Feel like USA might give us all a big surprise? You can back them at 8.50 (+750) at BOVADA, which is a US friendly betting site. This seems like an appropriate bet, but I wouldn't consider having much value here.
Brazil's World Cup hasn't been rich with draws so far, but that might turn around. If you feel that this might be the game, Bet365 offers odds of 5.00 for draw in USA vs. Germany game.
This seems like a better choice compared to backing USA for the win in this game. Germany is certainly great at scoring, but is USA? Over/Under bets might be the gin of this game, though.
When all other options seem bad, you always have the over/under bets that are essentially a prediction of whether a game will be a high or low scoring one. Well, I would happily bet my kidney on this being a high scoring game. Germans have always been great at scoring and 3 goals vs. Portugal prove that they are really in shape this year. On top of that, USA aren't really the best defensive team out there.
Are you getting into the World Cup betting action just now? Well, it's about time! I suggest that you join at least two betting sites, preferably more, just so you could compare the betting odds and get the best for yourself.
US Bettors: Since none of the bookmakers listed below accept US residents, you should join BOVADA, if you're from the USA, as this is simply the best betting site for United States bettors.


Anuradha Khanna, Professor and Head of the department Obstetrics & Gynecology, Banaras Hindu University and also the President for obstetrics & Gynecology society, Varanasi. She was honored with DJ Mukherjee award of Indian Medical association, 1977. International Who's who of Twentieth Century Achievement. From May 1985 to July 1985 she was associated with University of Wales, London. In 1995 she visited the Michael Jackson Memorial Hospital, Florida, USA. Anuradha Khanna is a member in Indian Medical Association in 1980. In 1994 she received UICC, International Cancer Technology Transfer Fellowship and also WHO Fellowship, 1995.
1) Early detection and treatment of gynecological cancers.
2) Treatment of infertile couple.


2018 has seen more than its fair share of disasters, from the wildfires and mudslides that devastated portions of California, to the eruption of Mount Kilauea in Hawaii, to Hurricane Florence, the US and the world has been rocked by what seems like one emergency situation after another. One advantage of living in the Great Lakes region is that we aren't often faced with emergencies and disasters of this magnitude, at least not natural ones.
Our disasters are more commonly man-made, and often are either caused by or have a tremendous effect on our aging infrastructure. It's been 15 years since a tree branch in Ohio knocked out power to more than 50 million people in Michigan and throughout the Midwest, Northeast, and Canada. Catastrophic sewer collapses have impacted hundreds of thousands of people in suburban Detroit. While efforts are underway to fund improvements to our water, wastewater, transportation, and energy infrastructure, disaster can still strike at any moment – affecting the lives of millions of people.
Since 1978, NTH has answered the call on more than a dozen emergency response situations related to failed underground infrastructure. We've responded to catastrophic sewer collapses throughout Southeast Michigan and Ohio, a collapsed drinking water reservoir in St. Clair County, a collapsed CSO basin in Wayne County, and even failed shoreline protection seawalls at power plants and major shipping terminals. This experience has made us experts in handling infrastructure emergencies by stabilizing disaster areas, providing temporary service (water, sewer, etc.), evaluating the cause, designing the repair, and restoring service with the least possible impact to public health and welfare.
While emergencies and disasters cannot be entirely avoided, proper planning and emergency preparedness can make the recovery process faster, cheaper, and more transparent.
A good EAP is designed to provide a utility employee with enough system background, communication information, and response details so that a failure event can be responded to in a timely and organized fashion. The document should be laid out so an employee can turn straight to the appropriate section and begin working on the problem at hand.
The Emergency Action Plan should include details on the normal operating conditions, system construction, likely failure scenarios, methods for stabilization and temporary service, and basic repair details for use during an emergency situation. Another vital part of the plan is internal and external contact information for appropriate notification in the event of a disaster.
An overview that contains information intended for all readers, describing the facilities' operation, location, and construction.
More detailed information regarding the construction, design, key connections, underlying crossings, history of repairs, and a current condition assessment summary.
An analysis of system flow, detailing maximum flow rates and flow depths.
An analysis of likely failure scenarios and modes of failure that the utility could experience.
Notification plans, phone trees, stake-holder contact information, service providers for emergency response, and typical response requirements (traffic control, security, permits, health and safety requirements, etc.).
An analysis of flow diversion options, existing bypass options, and conceptual bypass pumping system requirements.
Detailed information on the consequences of a failure scenario and detailed information on the appropriate repair methods and typical repair drawings.
A spare parts list for recommended critical items to keep in storage for use in the event of a failure.
Whether you prepare this plan in-house or engage a consultant to assist, the process of developing the plan and the understanding that comes with it can often be much more valuable than the plan document itself. Developing a written plan will force you to collect and inventory all of your vital information and identify information gaps that can be addressed well before disaster strikes. It may even bring to light simple, cost-effective modifications to your utility system to implement now that will make responding to an emergency much simpler, or the impacts of an emergency less severe.
Our experience has also shown us that these emergency situations can have other types of impacts, such as scrutiny over the decisions made and money spent, questioning of procurement processes and no-bid contracts, allegations of impropriety, and even costly litigation. To avoid these pitfalls, utility owners should consider procuring a series of emergency response contracts ahead of time. This will ensure that procurement and contracting practices are consistent with an organization's culture, policies, and requisite transparency – things that are too often disregarded in the midst of a disaster.
Most often, NTH gets the call when an emergency strikes because, frankly, we were there when the last one struck! This works, as long as there is someone within the utility owner's organization that remembers the last time. A more effective approach would be to know exactly who to call ahead of time – either listed in your EAP or by procuring as-needed contracts with consultants, contractors, and suppliers, selected on a qualifications basis, on a three to five-year basis. Consultants under these contracts would be expected to have information assets, regulatory requirements, maintenance of service plans, and other supporting services immediately at hand when an emergency situation arises. Contractors would agree to maintain certain equipment at the ready, and have agreements with suppliers to keep critical components "on the shelf" and readily available.
Having a solid Emergency Action Plan in place and qualified, experienced service providers under contract before disaster strikes will ensure that your system is back up and running as quickly, cost-effectively, and with as little negative impact as possible.


text:
Q: How to open activity where user was in android Hello I am trying to do like in android, For example If My user is on Activity D and session expired so I am sending to Activity A.
When I login there successfully from Activity A then I want to send user to Activity D, not Activity B, or C
What is the way to do this ?

A: On the onDestroy (or in onResume depending on you manifest configuration) of every activity you store its name to the shared preferences. So when the user times out the last activity there , is the user's last activity to interact before getting kicked out. This will be used when the user logs back in by restoring its name from the shared preferences.
Save the last activity's name:
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
        editor.putString("ActivityName", yourActivityName);
        editor.apply();

restore the last activity in your main:
String activityToResume = sharedPreferences.getString("ActivityName", "DefaultActivity");
            try {
                Class<?> c = Class.forName(activityToResume);
                Intent intent = new Intent(this, c);
                startActivity(intent);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
            }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: render :new is not working anymore when I'm using services I'm trying to learn about services in Rails in order to avoid fat controllers.
Here a tried a simple product review creation
class ProductReviewsController < ApplicationController
before_action :set_product, only: :create

  def new
    @product_review = ProductReview.new
    @product = Product.find(params[:product_id])   end

  def create
    if AddReviewService.call(product_review_params, @product)
      redirect_to product_path(@product)
    else
      render :new
    end
  end

  private

  def set_product
    @product = Product.find(params[:product_id])   end

  def product_review_params
    params.require(:product_review).permit(:content, :rating)   end end

The thing is that in the case of wrong parameters for the review the render :new generates the following error :
screenshot of error received
Showing /home/miklw/code/michaelwautier/multitenant_app/app/views/product_reviews/new.html.erb where line #3 raised:

undefined method 'model_name' for nil:NilClass
Extracted source (around line #3):
1
New review for <%= @product.name %>

2
3 <%= simple_form_for [@product, @product_review] do |f| %>
4 <%= f.input :content %>
5 <%= f.input :rating %>
6 <%= f.button :submit %>

Rails.root: /home/miklw/code/michaelwautier/multitenant_app

Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace
app/views/product_reviews/new.html.erb:3:in `_app_views_product_reviews_new_html_erb__802305224391576972_70155240081100'
app/controllers/product_reviews_controller.rb:14:in `create'
Request
Parameters:

{"utf8"=>"✓",
 "authenticity_token"=>"Z7YeYvXKKr7uYhANlevZ4H8U00p9givKzXzfue4pNFk0jE2DtTNY7Eacqati+V8IihSofLc2WPa4ZBzR2o0v5w==",
 "product_review"=>{"content"=>"te", "rating"=>"9"},
 "commit"=>"Create Product review",
 "product_id"=>"4"}
Toggle session dump
Toggle env dump
Response
Headers:

None

In the error page console, if I type @product, I get the expected product object, but @product_review is nil.
BUT, if I use the regular way (see below), the form gets re-render as it should, with the notice message of the form
class ProductReviewsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_product, only: :create

  def new
    @product_review = ProductReview.new
    @product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
  end

  def create
    @product_review = ProductReview.new(product_review_params)
    @product_review.product = @product
    if @product_review.save
      redirect_to product_path(@product)
    else
      render :new
    end
  end

  private

  def set_product
    @product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
  end

  def product_review_params
    params.require(:product_review).permit(:content, :rating)
  end
end

Any idea what could cause this issue ?
EDIT : Here is the service I call :
class AddReviewService < ApplicationService
  attr_reader :content, :rating

  def initialize(params, product)
    @content = params[:content]
    @rating = params[:rating]
    @product = product
  end

  def call
    review = ProductReview.new(content: @content, rating: @rating)
    review.product = @product
    return true if review.save
    return false
  end
end

EDIT 2 : returning the review when saved
  def call
    review = ProductReview.new(content: @content, rating: @rating)
    review.product = @product
    return review if review.save
    return false
  end


The mere aspect that one is legally allowed to carry a firearm is reason enough to consider holster options since a Ruger, Smith & Wesson or any other gun is not something that you want to carry so openly. You want to conceal it so that you do not alarm people. Not to mention, the gun you carry may save your life.
There are many traditional holster options but the belly band holster is the best for concealment since it allows you to hide your gun under layers of clothing. The work of this type of holster is to safely and securely position the concealed gun. Normally, when wearing one of the best belly band holsters, it is hard for other people to notice that you are wearing one. All of the holster reviews online reveal that it works with the different varieties of dressing codes that exist.
What one chooses to wear will at times translate to the positioning of the holster. It could be under the chest, in front of the body or around the hips. As such, both men and women can use a holster without the fear that one will spot them. Additionally, most of the belly band holsters are made with an elastic material so that they are comfortable for wear the whole day.
For convenience purposes, most belly bands have extra holsters and pockets to provide one with the convenience of carrying spare stuff such as a magazine or a mobile phone. The belly holsters are designed universally to fit all handgun models. A little heads up here is this: look out for summer days since you will get sweaty. All belly holsters will make you feel hot around the belly. You will have to get used to it and sooner than later, you will be comfortable. Basically, belly band holsters are a plus for people who want to lose weight. Besides having your weapon concealed under your clothing, you also get to keep your belly fat on check.
This gun holster is the way to go. It is light, comfortable, effective, and one of the best out there. It offers flexible options such as running, jogging or hiking. You can undertake any type of activity when wearing this holster. In fact, after getting used to it, one forgets that they are wearing one since it becomes almost a part of their body. There is one outstanding thing about this weapon holster – it is wide enough to carry all you need in one single accessory.
It is suitable for use either by a left-handed or a right-handed person.
It is light and elastic so that one does not feel uncomfortable when wearing one. It being light also means that it has room for breathing and to allow you to go about your duties normally.
Available in beige, black or white color.
It has a Velcro to secure the holster from the front.
The belly band comes with two extra holsters when in need of additional clips.
It can fit both the large and the small guns because it is elastic.
It is designed to hold as close to the body as possible.
It has provisions for either the cross draw or the strong side option. The only thing that you need to ensure is that you wear the belly gun holster in the exact position where you want the gun to be stationed.
Another positive aspect of the AlphaHolster Belly Gun Holster is that it is versatile enough for optimal positioning. One can either opt to position the belly band holster up under the arms or opt for down close to the waist option. The only drawback, in this case, is that for a situation that calls for a quick response, one might lag behind since they have to pull the shirt or the blouse up to access the weapon if they are wearing the holster on the inside of the waistband. Well, of course, there are people who wear the holster outside their clothes and as such are not affected much by this drawback. In other words, this kind of holster is ideal for utmost concealment.
With this holster, you can be sure that there is no one point in time that your gun will slip off. So, you have the liberty to do everything in your line of duty without having to look over your shoulder for anything that might go amiss. Do not also forget that if you buy the holster from Amazon, the shipping will be really fast.
The ultimate Bellyband Holster for Concealed Carry is one of a kind and it is unique in every sense of the word. Most of the holsters are made from an elastic material which is not the best for some reasons. For example, when an elastic material gets wet, there is a tendency to react with the body and that can sometimes lead to rashes from the pinching and scratching. This is the reason why the Ultimate Belly Band Holster is one of the best.
Research shows that a material called neoprene is the most ideal for braces on the knees and the back since it is soft and comfortable against the skin. Now, this is the same material that makes the Ultimate Belly Band and thus making it the best belly band holster.
It is made of a soft material so that it does not cause irritation to the skin.
Unlike other belly holsters, it is a one-size fit all for everyone since it can stretch as far as to fit one with a waist of 46 inches (115 cm).
The neoprene material used to make the holster is comfortable for wear.
The holster has the capacity to hold the smallest to the full-size kinds of pistols including a 1911 full size. For the smaller guns, they can fit deep into the holsters but caution should be taken to ensure that they are in a position where they can be easily drawn.
It has a variety of wearing positions. One can wear it inside, outside, across the body, the appendix kind of wear, behind the hips and under the arms.
Efficient for the left or the right-hand kind of draw.
It has a retention strap and extra pockets to store other items.
It is thick enough to hold the weight of the pistols.
It does not require one to wear a belt which means that it blends well with any kind of outfit.
It is 5 inches wide by 42.25 inches long (13 x 106 cm).
It has a 30-day warranty period with the provision of return after the 30 days if you are displeased with the product.
One can tighten or loosen it as they deem fit.
It has a clip in the front instead of a Velcro which can be noisy when retrieving the weapon.
It has an outward facing layer to prevent the sweat from getting to the clothes.
Well. we can say that it is a bit expensive but at the end of the day, you get value for your money, which is more than anyone can say for most of the cheap belly band holsters.
This holster is ideal for any situation, in the office, in the field, at home or in the gym. Typically, any place is ideal for the UnderTech Original belly band. One thing to look out for when securing this weapon holster is to ensure that it fits well. Otherwise, if it does not fit, the Velcro can be quite uncomfortable for wear and that will work to your disadvantage.
It sticks close to the body and no matter how much you move or run, one thing is certain – your gun will remain intact all along. There is another reason why it is one of the best belly band holsters out there. It is waterproof. No matter how much exercise you do, there is no point in time that the sweat will get to your handgun. Even when the rain falls, you can still go about your duties with the assurance that your handgun is safe.
It is available either in the black or white color.
It has Velcro tape at the front.
It is made of a heavy elastic material.
It has slots for a pistol and a revolver.
The spare pockets measure 6 inches (15 cm) and are used to hide items such as credit cards, magazines among other stuff.
It accommodates all ranges of guns and pistols from the smallest one to a full sized Glock.
It is flexible enough and it can be worn either up the arms or down the belly. As long as you wear it in a comfortable position then you are good to go.
It does not require a belt.
The elasticity of the material makes it well-ventilated and substantial enough to conceal the gun with a jacket or a pullover after it is held close to the body. If you have a bigger gun, then this particular kind of belly band holster is the best option for extra exceptional security.
You can never go wrong with this original belly band since it has reinforced stitches all around the holster. Personally, this is my best belly band holster since it is durable and can stand the test of time. Another unique thing is that either of the pockets is designed differently. While one is designed for a semi-auto, the other one is designed for a revolver. Not many gun holsters have such unique distinctions.
Be prepared to get a little trouble drawing the gun at the beginning of using this holster. The reason for this is that the gun has a tendency of sitting somehow lower in the holster. But over time, you get used to the whole process and it gets easy. Regardless of the drawbacks, the UnderCover Original Belly Band Holster is a good and efficient concealment system.
One of the best belly band holsters for carrying small pistols is none other than the new Black Concealed Belly Band Holster. The Velcro closure is adjustable to suit different sizes. Therefore, one is at liberty to wear the holster wherever they feel comfortable.
The size of the waist ranges from 30 to 38 inches (75 to 95 cm).
It is designed to fit revolvers and pistols.
It holds the handgun close to the body.
It has provisions for either the right or the left draw.
The elastic waistband in place is for maximum concealment.
It keeps the handgun intact even while running.
This holster is backed with a universal Velcro for maximum efficiency.
It has spare pouches on either side of the holster.
The area around the holster where the weapon is placed has elastic wraps.
The Velcro is firm, heavy-duty and sturdy. However, it needs to be well secured so that it does not uncomfortably rub with the body.
One disadvantage is that this pistol holster can be sweaty if worn directly on the skin. Another limitation is the fact that accessing the gun needs that one is alert since it can take some considerable effort.
This holster has an exceptional and unique make. For people who love fashion, style, and design, this gun holster is a combination of everything good. This is one kind of belly band that can stand wear for as long as need be.
It comes with a hand orientation of either the left or the right.
It has a complete conceal system so there is no way of anyone knowing that one is carrying a weapon.
It is designed for a fast draw when in need of the gun.
The holster can be worn anywhere around the waist.
It can carry large frame kinds of firearms all the way to the less compact ones.
The design is that of a belt and one does not need to wear a jacket with the fear that one may notice what they are wearing.
It has no limit on how low or high one can place their handgun.
For the perfect concealment, the holster holds the gun close to the body.
It is very comfortable and does not bulge regardless of the kind of outfit that one is in.
The belly band is designed to evenly distribute the weight so that no one side is heavier than the other.
It works best with small and thin guns like 1911, Kahr and Hi-power just to mention a few.
It also works well with all kinds of revolvers.
It has a mag pouch in place.
Unlike the deep concealment model, this holster does not have straps for holding the weight of the guns if worn at the high waist level. The most frequent question asked when it comes to this holster is whether it can be worn directly on the skin and the answer is most certainly yes. The belly band can bounce sometimes especially when running or jogging.
However, this is a problem that is easy to settle. Most people opt to wear the belly band on the hips so that it can easily hold the weight of the guns without causing discomfort. People say that the Defender Concealment Band Holster is more like the stomach belly band that women wear when they want to reduce belly fat. The only difference, in this case, is that the belly band holster comes with pockets that are sewn to carry other personal effects besides the weapons.
Having taken a glimpse of some of the best belly band holsters, it is important to understand that the belly bands need to be taken care of in order to last longer. One efficient way of doing this is by machine-washing them in cold water after which they are either laid flat or hang to dry. At no point in time should the holsters be tumble-dried since they will damage the belly band. But you do not have to worry, most of them come with instructions on how to wash them and as long as you stick to the rules then you have nothing to worry about.
It is true that there are many traditional holsters available. But for what it is worth, none can match the convenience and the efficiency that comes with the belly band holster. So, why opt for a belly band holster?
One, it ensures that your handgun is intact and does not move or slip as you move, run or go about your errands.
Secondly, a belly band holster allows an individual easy access to their weapon when they need it.
Thirdly, a belly band holster is made in such a way that one can carry as many weapons as they want to. Most of the traditional holster systems do not have this particular provision. Another function besides carrying as many firearms as possible, you also get slots to carry your credit cards, phone, keys, a magazine and other items in the same belly band holster. It is convenient given the number of items that one can carry in one holster.
Every coin has two sides but it is worth noting that the merits far outweigh the limitations of having a belly band holster. The major one could be the fact that the belly band holster does a poor job of when it comes to sweating and especially for people who undertake vigorous exercises such as running. If you are always involved in a lot of movement, ensure that you wipe the sweat from your weapon so that it does not rust. Again, due to the elasticity, once the weapon is drawn there are chances that the pocket will close but that should not be a big deal given the other benefits that you reap from the same belly band holster.
A belly band holster is something that you will preferably wear the whole day. Therefore, it is important to find one that has a material that will not irritate the skin at all costs. So, be sure to choose something that is soft and comfortable to the body. The most recommended ones are made of either leather or plastic. The plastic holsters are cheap and have a better grip on the gun. The only disadvantage of belly bands made of plastic is that when it is hot, they can react with the body to produce excess heat. Regardless of the limitations, they do offer value in one way or another. On the other hand, the leather material is soft, strong and it allows one to breathe. Additionally, they do stretch to adjust to the size of the body.
The size in this context relates to two aspects: the size in relation to the shape of the body and the size of the handgun. Let us start with the body size. Earlier on, we saw that different holsters come in different sizes. Some are small, others are medium or large. It is prudent that the right measurements of one's body size are taken to get the right fit. When getting the belly band holster, the seller should know the kind of guns that you possess so that he or she is better informed on the kind of belly band holster that will suit your body size. Fit in the holster to avoid making mistakes. It should fit well and should allow for movement without straining one.
Belly band holster reviews reveal that different belly bands have different retention capacities. I agree that the sole purpose of the holster is to conceal the weapon and ensure that it stays intact. However, that does not mean that there are no instances when the gun may slip and fall out of the holster. It could be because it was not carefully stored or that the belly band is not as strong as was advised during the time of purchase. In this regard, it is crucial to research as much as possible until you are certain that you have the one that has the maximum retention capacity.
Cheap is expensive. As you settle for the best belly band holster, ensure that you get one from a reputable store. Luckily enough, most of the belly band holster reviews have a good insight on some of the best designs and stores that one can get the belly bands. The problem with buying belly bands from any store is that you might end up buying a fake rather than the original one. A fake might be cheaper but it will not give you the service that you are looking for. The quality and the design could be in terms of the kind of color that you want or the kind of printing on the holster. At the end of the day, choose something that will match your personality and something that you are comfortable with.
Belly band holsters are the best option on the table if we speak about concealed gun carrying. Could be you have not been carrying your gun daily because you have not had the chance to encounter a carrying and concealment solution. Now that you are reading this, it is the answer to your needs. And yes, a holster works wonders for concealed carry.
I carry my baby in the UnderTech UnderCover. Can't say a bad word about it. Great thing! Thanks for great reviews.
I wear a belly band by Blue Stone however it has a serious defect. The Velcro strap used to secure the weapon runs straight down the holster but it is held by the belt or trousers. Could be tough if you had toi draw is a hurry and had tp fuss with the velcro strap. I have an second belly band (from Ebay) which has a fast break away snap with easy disconnect and immediate access to the weapon. Could be a life saver in time deploying the weapon in a hurry. Only other option is to tuck the Velcro strap behind the holster section, which defeats the purpose of the strap.
Yeah, this velcro strap looks really weird. I can imagine how challenging it might be to take out the gun in a hot situation from this holster. I would stay away from this holster, for sure. You can't bet your life on such a poorly designed thing.
What weapon do you carry?
There's nothing like good ol' leather belt, folks. I am from Texas and all my life I carry mine under the belt. No hassle drawing it. Fast and smooth.
My Alpha holster is holding 2 years already. Extremely sturdy! I highly recommend it!


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Timothée Chalamet Went on Instagram Live With Selena Gomez While Waiting in Line to Vote
"It's really moving to see this many people show up."
Composite: Getty Images
People have been showing up in record numbers to cast their early votes in the 2020 election, and Timothée Chalamet is one of them. The actor waited in line on Saturday, October 24 to vote in New York City, where he passed the time by chatting with the one and only Selena Gomez.
"Right now, I'm literally voting at my early voting station in New York at Madison Square Garden, which feels particularly metaphorical because I've seen many great things happen here," Timothée told Sel during their Instagram Live chat, introducing her to some of his "line buddies," with whom he had been waiting for approximately an hour. "It's really moving to see this many people show up. It feels like people are motivated and everyone's telling young people to vote."
Timothée also took a minute to praise Selena for her own efforts in getting out the vote; the singer-songwriter has been continuously vocal over the past few months about the importance of participating in the election, and she even shared her own "I voted" sticker selfie a few days ago.
"I'm really proud of you," the Little Women star told the singer. "You've been all over this stuff and I know it's making a difference. I feel like you're really on the curve…and it's really important. I'm inspired." Timothée later declared "Selena for President, 2024," and TBH, we are here for it.
Selena has been busy this weekend talking about the election. In addition to her IG Live chat with Timothée, the "Rare" singer spoke with Stacey Abrams in a livestream on Friday, as part of the She Se Puede Latinas Make a Difference Tour 2020. During their conversation, Sel opened up about why she decided to use her platform to encourage others to vote, particularly those in younger age brackets. "A part of why I wanted to do so much around voting and around getting my generation going is because I believe that my generation specifically gets distracted and there's so much going on in the world," Selena explained, per Billboard. "This is the one time that we can make a difference."
Stay up-to-date on the 2020 election. Sign up for the Teen Vogue take.
Selena Gomez Has Felt Lonely During the Pandemic, Too
Turns Out, Timothée Chalamet Was Embarrassed By Those Lily-Rose Depp PDA Pics
More Than 3 Million Young People Have Already Voted
Keywordstimothée chalametselena gomezvoting2020Election

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tina M. attends a "fancy" school. At this school she is taking a philosophy class in which she has been assigned to keep an existential diary. She decides to address her diary to Sartre, who is one of the philosophers they are studying. In it we watch Tina discover how to be, how to grow up and who she really is.
This was a very amazing graphic novel. The illustrations and Tina made it truly fantastic. I loved the idea of a YA graphic novel about existentialism and philosophy. It made a great parallel for Tina's coming of age story. Some people may find Tina a bit irritating or snobbish, but I just took her as some one who had a lot of learning to do. It's easy to latch on to a concept to help define yourself by. I of course was reminded of Persepolis in the tone of this story. This is a great book that will make you think about it long after you put it down. It will inspire you to read (more) Sartre. The friendships in this were very well done and you really got a sense of each person that Tina hung out with. Definitely check this one out if you enjoyed Persepolis or love graphic novels that make you think.
I know you are dead and old and also a philosopher. So, on an obvious level, you and I do not have a lot in common."
"What is nirvana, mon philosophe?"


He worked hard at preschool to make that little loaf of bread and yet he willingly shared it with everyone in the house. Little red hen day at school means I get a full day of an overly helpful child. Sometimes it last two days because the teacher reminds them when they go back to school what it means to help the Little red hen!


John Hickenlooper's term as governor ended in January. He previously was a brewery owner before pursuing a political career.
The wanna check in with ABC's political director Rick Klein also in Washington in. Break another Democrat throwing their hat into the ring former Colorado governor John Hickenlooper adding his name. Of course to an already crowded field of democratic candidates. What do we know about him. Fourteen candidates and counting Stephanie say it is getting crowded fast. Here's the thing about it hit John Hickenlooper is the former governor of Colorado there a couple of things that make him unique or close unique in this field what is he's a governors only the second governor. Out of that list of fourteen so far in the field to Ainsley from Washington State just declared on Friday traditionally governors are done pretty well in democratic primaries and Republican primary so that's a little surprising. The second is he is a raging moderate he calls himself a radical moderate is a matter of fact and in a field with a whole lot of progress is a whole lot of liberals John Hickenlooper is hope. Is that his pitch will be. Well I can get things done I can work the Republicans like to work with Democrats not clear that's where the bases but at least it's a different message a different sort of mess is that yields will breakthrough. And Rick so. We know your super Smart and you'll probably hit the eagle probably get that rumor that's a quiz you OK so we never. Fourteen candidates are forging Kennedys as mentioned we're gonna stump for Klein tried to anyway fourteen candidates have already declared on the democratic side. Can you name of the mall. Home man that is stumpel Hart survey the hard ones are finally flanked my screen governor can't even see that's not your very well done in the control room who ever did that bright thumbs up for that reason. It but you can it's an -- in if this is too easy for you Rick you know what we'll do tell us in what order. They declared but let's start with naming all fourteen. Good enough you have to start with John Bellini Andrew Yang Marianne Williamson those who want. Most people won't Jack also with those three whether that's the order or not I'm gonna go with the was with Waring and Bernie Sanders Kirsten Gillibrand. A quarry bull her baby Klobuchar. Told C diver of course. Now of course Ainsley and Hickenlooper I just just mention two of them. Man I'm on pins stuck now we're always Cory Booker that I get him yeah you did Corey. I'm I have to think now geographically a little bit London I'm didn't I'm get sucked in the middles are among your length one guy named piece. People it is edged the the mayor of he saw. And Indiana hasn't mayor Pete how many how many left now. Let's see Ian look at. Bernie Bernie I got Bernie iPad Bernie like flyers authoritarian I'm not anything islanders big he's big he was being over the weekend via. I think uncle and a close enough where I think you are you are you you get it yeah you get it we we did check them off their office during their own about us about the trust me an animal I. We're we're all good. We did trustee and it wasn't big it was a big weekend for a lot of these candidates a lot of them spending a lot of time in Alabama and an and and it is solemn remembrance of the but the march there. Yes Selma Alabama would of course is hallowed ground for the civil rights movement. It was an intriguing event in addition to a march there was a breakfast. Celebration of Hillary Clinton she was she was celebrated opera for work on civil rights she gave a blistering speech. About president trump eating calling calling him a racist and one point. Any treating to see all leased when he twenty years there including Bernie Sanders a very curt little handshake of course Bernie just on Friday. Told the views that he did not have any plans to seek out Hillary Clinton's advice that that started a little bit of a tussle with some of her staffers so. Memories of 2016 or so pretty raw. Absolutely and Rick I want question for EI. I've sounded really interesting that over the last couple weeks is all of these Democrats are declaring the running for president a lot of them especially the women. Holding off on. Giving any kudos to Hillary Clinton who we know was the first woman to run for president we know. Amy Klobuchar I think I mentioned it recently but do you think there's this. Just awareness. Of kind of distancing themselves from hilly Clinton even though she was the first woman to run. She was the first nominee that's right the first it's a win a nomination in either party for president. I think. All of those women and many of the men as well oh their politically distances that Hillary Clinton answer the clintons but it is a double edged sword right now the memories of Bill Clinton or not uniquely positive nor are they positive about Hillary Clinton who lost the president trump. They are gonna have to be careful with this I think most of them are gonna show a little more deference than Bernie Sanders and soliciting advice but. I there's none of the candidates that he's fourteen. That I that I about that I've rattle off so we believe today said it could not added that that would say I am the Clinton camp that I am that the the bill and Hillary Clinton candidate none of them want that label. Now capsule and they're being very careful with that. All right ABC's political director recline in Washington Rick thank you so much.


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Trump Golf Club Under New Criminal Probe Over Taxes
Trump Golf Links at Ferry Point in the Bronx borough of New York. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)
(Associated Press) Donald Trump's company is under criminal investigation by a district attorney in a New York City suburb into whether it misled officials to cut taxes for a golf course there, according to The New York Times.
The district attorney's office subpoenaed records from both the Trump National Golf Club in Westchester and the town that handles its taxes, Ossining, said the Times, citing "people with knowledge of the matter." The newspaper didn't say why those people had requested anonymity.
The probe appears to focus in part on whether the former president's company submitted misleading valuations on the golf course.
The district attorney, Mimi E. Rocah, a Democrat, has not accused anyone at the company of wrongdoing and it is unclear if the probe will ultimately lead to any charges.
The Westchester County District Attorney's office told The Associated Press that it had no comment. The Trump Organization did not respond to requests for comment.
The probe adds to several legal challenges facing the former president and his company. In July, the Manhattan district attorney indicted the company and its longtime financial chief with allegedly failing to pay taxes on employee perks, like cars and apartments. Both the company and the finance chief, Allen Weisselberg, have pleaded not guilty.
The New York state attorney general's office, which joined in the Manhattan district attorney probe, has also launched its own investigation into Trump's finances. That civil investigation is looking in part into whether the Trump Organization may have misled tax officials in valuations of another of the company's Westchester County properties, its Seven Springs estate featuring a Georgian-style mansion set among 213-acres of bucolic countryside.
The Trump Organization has been fighting the town of Ossining for lower tax assessments for its Westchester golf course for years. The company said the golf club's value for tax purposes was about $1.4 million while the town put the value at $15 million.
In June, a New York judge ruled on a compromise that would cut the assessment to $9.5 million for 2021. The compromise also cut assessments going back several years by about 30%, triggering refunds to the company of about $875,000 for overcharges on its back taxes.
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Unlawfully carrying a knife, theft and other latest Hartlepool court cases
The following cases from the Hartlepool area were dealt with recently at Teesside Magistrates' Court:
Monday, 29th November 2021, 12:39 pm
Sunday Ifeany Damien, 45, of Dent Street, Hartlepool, received seven points on his driving licence and was ordered to pay a £375 fine, £37 victim surcharge and £620 prosecution costs after he was convicted of careless driving on February 8, 2020.
Joanne Swift, 43, of Belk Street, Hartlepool, was placed on a community order and ordered to pay £10 compensation after she was convicted of committing six offences between July 2019 and December 2020. They included three thefts and one case of using threatening or abusive words or behaviour.
James Isaac Dodd, 37, of Whitby Street, Hartlepool, was placed on a community order and ordered to pay a £95 victim surcharge after admitting stealing two bottles of washing liquid on August 24.
These Hartlepool cases were dealt with recently at Teesside Magistrates Court, in Middlesbrough. Picture by FRANK REID.
Sarah Louise Stephenson, 47, of Charterhouse Street, Hartlepool, was placed on a community ordered and ordered to pay a £95 victim surcharge and £85 costs after admitting unlawfully possessing a bladed article, namely a knife, in a public place on December 18, 2020.
Edward Daniel Keenan, 35, of Park Road, Hartlepool, was fined £40 and ordered to pay £55 compensation and £85 costs after admitting criminally damaging a bus stop on August 28.
Danielle Roberts, 33, of Pine Grove, Hartlepool, was banned from driving for six months and ordered to pay a £455 fine, £45 victim surcharge and £85 costs after admitting driving without no or incorrect insurance on April 24.
Christopher Peddie, 32, of Church Street, Hartlepool, was fined £100 and ordered to pay a £34 victim surcharge and £85 costs after admitting two counts of obstructing a police officer in the course of their duty on May 3.
Locked up: Rogues' gallery of the latest Hartlepool and East Durham criminals no...
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Neverwinter Nights 2 (also knows as NWN2) is a role-playing game developed by Obsidian Entertainment and published by Atari and was released on October 31, 2006 for Windows and Mac OS X. Neverwinter Nights 2 is the sequel to BioWare Neverwinter Nights, based on the Dungeons & Dragons pen and paper game of fantasy role-playing. The game uses an adaptation of the rules of Dungeons & Dragons Edition 3.5.
Players create characters of the players represent themselves during the game, using the character creation rules found themselves in the game Dungeons & Dragons. You can get the help of additional group members, and finally acquire a tower that can be used as a base. Neverwinter Nights 2 is set in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting on the outskirts of the city of Neverwinter. The story is mostly unrelated to Neverwinter Nights, and follows the journey of an orphaned adventurer investigating a group of mysterious artifacts known as "pieces of silver" and its connection with an ancient spirit, evil known as the King of shadows.
Note: Don't worry about a crack, use the game updater to update, as the latest patch removes securom (No crack needed).
If you're going to install the expansions, install them before updating, otherwise you'll have to re-patch, as the expansions actually roll back the game version.
Not only will this improve performance for real world challenges, but it builds great looking bodies as well.
zero-cost dumbbells or barbell "plates. Body building is a field which incorporates the use of machines and they vary greatly from their respective manufactures.
guys u are making me crazy….it does not work!as first i dont download any rar file but some files in where i found the installer of the game and once it is completed i cant launch the game…help!


Clinic Director Dr. Tim Nicholl is currently certified in The Webster Technique by the ICPA. The Webster Technique is a specialized chiropractic adjustment for pregnant mothers. Working to correct sacral subluxations, this technique balances pelvic muscles and ligaments in the woman's pelvis, removes constraint and allows the baby to get into the best possible position for birth. Because of its ability to facilitate easier, safer deliveries for both the mother and baby, many birth care providers are actively seeking Doctors of Chiropractic with expert skills within this technique.


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Q: Calling a child dialog and passing in input parameters I've read a bunch of articles on how to call dialogs from javascript and integrate them into a ribbon button, but I am running into a problem where I need to do all that AND pass in a string as an input parameter (to a child dialog?).
Is this possible? Would I have to modify the calling url of the dialog?
I've read this one about calling dialogs with the SelectedControlAllItemsId, which is almost what I need.
Ideally I would open the form of the parent entity, click on one of the subgrids in the left hand navigation, then select some of the related/associated entities, click the ribbon button and wait for the dialog or workflow to chew through all of those Ids.
Is it possible to capture these selected items using SelectedControlAllItemsId, then pass that string to a child dialog so it can then call another workflow? Or should I capture that string, store it in the calling record via REST and then let a workflow run on a field-trigger?
The end result is that I must run a custom workflow and manipulate the parent record + the selected related records. I have already written the workflow, but I do not know how to trigger it the way I want.
Perhaps there is something I am overlooking? Is there a way to call a custom bit of code directly from javascript and let it work the rest of the way?

A: I'm not sure how an interactive dialog should deal with a collection of records. Surely that would require sequential iterations of the dialog, as the user processes each record? As you will see from the SDK (and discussed in your linked thread), it is only possible to run a dialog against a single record.
A workflow is a different matter.
 - Custom ribbon button, using SelectedControlAllItemsId
 - Supporting JScript handler should iterate SelectedControlAllItemsId
 - Each iteration should issue an ExecuteWorkflowRequest using the current item id and based on code such as this (which issues an ExecuteWorkflowRequest from JScript
Remember that the workflow request is asynchronous so you can just send all the requests one after another rather than waiting for the outcome of each request.


Thanks to everyone who attended my talk at Code Camp 15 in Waltham, MA. I hope you know more about the Managed Add-In Framework now than you did. This zip contains the slides and code from the talk. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me.


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Mohammad Arzandeh (; born 30 October 1987 in Borujen) is an Iranian long jumper. He competed in the long jump event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Competition record

References

Iranian long jumpers
1987 births
Living people
Olympic athletes of Iran
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
Male long jumpers
Iranian male athletes
Asian Games competitors for Iran
Islamic Solidarity Games competitors for Iran

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Collective bargaining legal definition of collective bargaining
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+bargaining
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to collective bargaining: trade union, Collective bargaining agreement
The process through which a Labor Union and an employer negotiate the scope of the employment relationship.
A collective bargaining agreement is the ultimate goal of the collective bargaining process. Typically, the agreement establishes wages, hours, promotions, benefits, and other employment terms as well as procedures for handling disputes arising under it. Because the collective bargaining agreement cannot address every workplace issue that might arise in the future, unwritten customs and past practices, external law, and informal agreements are as important to the collective bargaining agreement as the written instrument itself.
Collective bargaining allows workers and employers to reach voluntary agreement on a wide range of topics. Even so, it is limited to some extent by federal and state laws. A collective bargaining agreement cannot accomplish by contract what the law prohibits. For example, a union and an employer cannot use collective bargaining to deprive employees of rights they would otherwise enjoy under laws such as the Civil Rights statutes (Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., 415 U.S. 36, 94 S. Ct. 1011, 39 L. Ed. 2d 147 [1974]). Collective bargaining also cannot be used to waive rights or obligations that laws impose on either party. For example, an employer may not use collective bargaining to reduce the level of safety standards it must follow under the occupational safety and health act (29 U.S.C.A. §§ 651 et seq.). Furthermore, the collective bargaining agreement is not purely voluntary. One party's failure to reach agreement entitles the other to resort to certain legal tactics, such as strikes and lockouts, to apply economic pressure and force agreement. Moreover, unlike commercial contracts governed by state law, the collective bargaining agreement is governed almost exclusively by federal Labor Law, which determines the issues that require collective bargaining, the timing and method of bargaining, and the consequences of a failure to bargain properly or to adhere to a collective bargaining agreement.
Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (29 U.S.C.A. §§ 151 et seq.) in 1935 to establish the right of workers to engage in collective bargaining and other group activities (§ 157). The NLRA also created the national labor relations board (NLRB), a federal agency authorized to enforce the right to bargain collectively (§ 153). The NLRA has been amended several times since 1935, most notably in 1947, 1959, and 1974.
The NLRA governs labor relations for businesses involved in interstate commerce only; thus, it does not protect the collective bargaining interests of all categories of workers. Several classes of employers fall outside the NLRA, including those working for the U.S. government and its wholly owned corporations, states and their political subdivisions, railroads, and airlines. The NLRA also does not protect certain types of workers, such as agricultural workers, independent contractors, and supervisory and managerial employees. But other federal and state laws often provide protection for workers not covered under the NLRA. For example, federal government workers enjoy the right to bargain collectively under the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which is patterned largely after the NLRA and enforced by the Federal Labor Relations Authority. Railroads and airlines are generally governed by the Railway Labor Act, the predecessor to the NLRA. Plus many states have adopted statutes similar to the NLRA that protect the rights of state and local government workers to bargain collectively.
Sections 8(a)(5) and 8(b)(3) of the NLRA define the failure to engage in collective bargaining as an unfair labor practice (29 U.S.C.A. § 158[a][5], [b][3]). The aggrieved party may file an Unfair Labor Practice charge with the NLRB, which has the authority to prevent or halt the performance of unfair labor practices (§ 160).
Law of Collective Bargaining
The law of collective bargaining encompasses four basic points:
The employer may not refuse to bargain over certain subjects with the employees' representative, provided that the employees' representative has majority support in the bargaining unit.
Those certain subjects, called mandatory subjects of bargaining, include wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment.
The employer and the union are not required to reach agreement but must bargain in Good Faith over mandatory subjects of bargaining until they reach an impasse.
While a valid collective bargaining agreement is in effect, and while the parties are bargaining but have not yet reached an impasse, the employer may not unilaterally change a term of employment that is a mandatory subject of bargaining. But once the parties have reached an impasse, the employer may unilaterally implement its proposed changes, provided that it had previously offered the changes to the union for consideration.
Exclusive Representation A majority of the workers in a bargaining unit must designate a representative with the sole or exclusive right to represent them in negotiations with the employer's representative (29 U.S.C.A. § 159[a]). The employer is not required to bargain with an unauthorized representative (§ 158[a][5]). Once a valid representative has been selected, even workers who do not belong to the union are bound by the collective bargaining agreement and cannot negotiate individual contracts with the employer (J. I. Case Co. v. NLRB, 321 U.S. 332, 64 S. Ct. 576, 88 L. Ed. 762 [1944]). As a corollary, the employer may not extend different terms to any workers in the bargaining unit, even if those terms are more favorable, unless the collective bargaining agreement contemplates flexible terms (Emporium Capwell Co. v. Western Addition Community Organization, 420 U.S. 50, 95 S. Ct. 977, 43 L. Ed. 2d 12 [1975]).
Once the NLRB certifies a union as the exclusive bargaining agent, the union enjoys an irrebuttable presumption of majority support for one year (Fall River Dyeing & Finishing Corp. v. NLRB, 482 U.S. 27, 107 S. Ct. 2225, 96 L. Ed. 2d 22 [1987]). During that year, the employer may not refuse to bargain with the union on the ground that the union does not represent a majority of employees. After that year expires, the employer may rebut the presumption that the union represents a majority of employees by showing either that the union in fact does not enjoy majority support or that the employer has a good faith doubt founded on sufficient objective evidence that the union has lost majority support (NLRB v. Curtin Matheson Scientific, 494 U.S. 775, 110 S. Ct. 1542, 108 L. Ed. 2d 801 [1990]). In cases where the employer doubts that a union enjoys majority support, the employer may "anticipatorily withdraw" recognition of the union by insisting on a collective bargaining agreement that will terminate with the end of the certification year (Rock-Tenn Co. v. NLRB, 69 F.3d 803 [7th Cir. 1995]).
Similarly, a successor employer may not simply refuse to recognize the union for bargaining purposes. Instead, courts have required successor employers to recognize the incumbent union if "substantial continuity" exists between both employers (NLRB v. Burns Security Service, 406 U.S. 272, 92 S. Ct. 1571, 32 L. Ed. 2d 61 [1972]). To determine whether there is substantial continuity, courts will consider, among other factors, whether both employers are engaged in the same business, whether the employees perform substantially similar tasks under both employers, whether the customer base remains much the same, and whether the successor employer continues to use the same industrial or business processes as its predecessor (Frye v. Specialty Envelope, 10 F.3d 1221 [6th Cir. 1993]).
Mandatory Subjects of Bargaining Although the parties need not bargain over every conceivable topic, they must bargain in good faith over mandatory subjects of bargaining, which include wages, hours, and other "terms and conditions of employment" (29 U.S.C.A. § 158[d]). Because these mandatory subjects are very broad, courts over the years have attempted to set standards for determining whether a specific bargaining topic is mandatory. Generally, terms and conditions of employment encompass only issues that "settle an aspect of the relationship between the employer and the employees" (Allied Chemical & Alkali Workers of America v. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., 404 U.S. 157, 92 S. Ct. 383, 30 L. Ed. 2d 341 [1971]).
If one party wishes to bargain over a mandatory subject, it is an unfair labor practice for the other to refuse. Other topics are permissive subjects of bargaining, and it may be an unfair labor practice for a party to demand bargaining over them (NLRB v. Wooster Division of Borg-Warner Corp., 356 U.S. 342, 78 S. Ct. 718, 2 L. Ed. 2d 823 [1958]). Thus, although the parties must bargain to an impasse over mandatory subjects of bargaining before implementing unilateral changes, they may change permissive subjects unilaterally without bargaining and cannot be forced to bargain over such changes.
Although most of the decisions an employer makes will affect employees, not all are mandatory subjects of bargaining. Some decisions, such as advertising and product selection, bear such an indirect relationship to and have such a minimal effect on the employment relationship that they are almost certainly only permissive subjects of bargaining. Other decisions, such as those regarding hiring, layoffs, and plant rules, are so directly relevant to the employment relationship that they are almost certainly mandatory subjects of bargaining. Still other decisions are not aimed at the employment relationship but have a sizable effect on it and are thus difficult to categorize as permissive or mandatory bargaining subjects (First National Maintenance Corp. v. NLRB, 452 U.S. 666, 101 S. Ct. 2573, 69 L. Ed. 2d 318 [1981] [citing Fibreboard Paper Products v. NLRB, 379 U.S. 203, 85 S. Ct. 398, 13 L. Ed. 2d 233 (1964) [Stewart, J., concurring]). The Supreme Court has attempted on several occasions to define the scope of mandatory bargaining for this third category of management decisions.
In Fibreboard, the Supreme Court held that under its three-part analysis, an employer's decision to subcontract out a portion of its operations was a mandatory bargaining subject. First, subcontracting falls within the literal meaning of the NLRA phrase "terms and conditions of employment." Second, determining that subcontracting is a mandatory bargaining subject effectuates the purposes of the NLRA by "bringing a problem of vital concern to labor and management within the framework established by Congress as most conducive to industrial peace"—namely, collective bargaining. Third, other employers in the same industry have addressed contracting out in the bargaining process, rather than leaving it to managerial discretion. Justice Potter Stewart added in his concurrence that subjects that "lie at the core of entrepreneurial control," such as decisions about "the commitment of investment capital and the basic scope of the enterprise," are not mandatory subjects of bargaining.
In First National Maintenance, the Court addressed whether an employer's decision to terminate certain operations entirely constituted a mandatory subject of bargaining. The Court, relying primarily on Justice Stewart's concurrence in Fibreboard, held that the decision to terminate all operations at a particular site was an economically motivated management decision that was separate from the employment relationship, even though it obviously affected job security. The Court noted, however, that the effects of the employer's decision, such as severance pay and benefits, were mandatory subjects of bargaining under section 8(a)(5) of the NLRA. Accordingly, under this Fibreboard-First National Maintenance framework, most significant economic decisions, such as plant shutdowns, layoffs, and relocations, are not mandatory subjects of bargaining, even though the employer must engage in "effects bargaining" as a result of them.
Duty to Bargain in Good Faith During the bargaining process, the parties are not required by law to reach agreement. They must, however, bargain in good faith (29 U.S.C.A. § 158[d]). Although good faith is a somewhat subjective concept, courts will look to the entire circumstances surrounding bargaining, including behavior away from the bargaining table such as pressure and threats (NLRB v. Billion Motors, 700 F.2d 454 [8th Cir. 1983]). Most authorities agree that an absolute refusal to bargain constitutes bad faith (Wooster).
Even so, one party's insistence on a certain contract term is not necessarily an unfair labor practice. The NLRB and the courts that review and enforce its orders are unwilling to substitute their judgment for that of the parties and will not judge the content of collective bargaining agreements (NLRB v. American National Insurance Co., 343 U.S. 395, 72 S. Ct. 824, 96 L. Ed. 1027 [1952]). In addition, the use of "economic weapons" such as pressure tactics, picketing, and strikes to force bargaining concessions is not necessarily bad faith bargaining (NLRB v. Insurance Agents' International Union, 361 U.S. 477, 80 S. Ct. 419, 4 L. Ed. 2d 454 [1960]).
The refusal to comply with an information request may constitute bad faith. For example, in NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co., 351 U.S. 149, 76 S. Ct. 753, 100 L. Ed. 1027 (1956), the employer committed an unfair labor practice when it refused to supply the union with information supporting its claim that it could not afford to pay a wage increase the union demanded. Over the years, courts have clarified that employers' claims of an inability to pay requested wage increases are conceptually distinct from claims that wage increases will result in a competitive disadvantage (United Steelworkers of America v. NLRB, 983 F.2d 240 [D.C. Cir. 1993]). Accordingly, in Graphic Communications International Union Local 508 v. NLRB, 977 F.2d 1168 (7th Cir. 1992), the court held that an employer was not required to disclose financial information unless it had asserted specifically that it was unable to pay a requested wage increase; an employer's claim that a wage increase would lead to competitive disadvantage did not require it to disclose wage information.
However, a refusal to provide requested information is not necessarily an unfair labor practice. For example, in Detroit Edison Co. v. NLRB, 440 U.S. 301, 99 S. Ct. 1123, 59 L. Ed. 2d 333 (1979), the Supreme Court held that an employer's refusal to provide a union with confidential test results was not an unfair labor practice, where the company would have violated the right to privacy of the tested employees by disclosing the results.
Unilateral Changes During the time a collective bargaining agreement is in effect, the employer may not change a working condition that is a mandatory subject of bargaining, without first bargaining with the union (29 U.S.C.A. § 158[d]). Even after the collective bargaining agreement expires, the employer must maintain the status quo and may not unilaterally change mandatory subjects of bargaining, until the parties have reached an impasse (Louisiana Dock Co. v. NLRB, 909 F.2d 281 [7th Cir. 1990]). This proscription against unilateral changes continues even if the employer disputes that the union is the exclusive representative (Livingston Pipe & Tube v. NLRB, 987 F.2d 422 [7th Cir. 1993]; NLRB v. Parents & Friends of the Specialized Living Center, 879 F.2d 1442 [7th Cir. 1989]). Once good faith negotiations between the parties "exhaust the prospect of concluding agreement," the parties have reached an impasse, and implementing unilateral changes in working conditions does not constitute an unfair labor practice (NLRB v. Plainville Ready Mix Concrete Co., 44 F.3d 1320 [6th Cir. 1995]; United Paperworkers International Union v. NLRB, 981 F.2d 861 [6th Cir. 1992]; Southwest Forest Industry v. NLRB, 841 F.2d 270 [9th Cir. 1988]).
A pre-impasse unilateral change to a mandatory subject of bargaining generally constitutes an unfair labor practice, even though employees may regard the change as beneficial. According to the Supreme Court, unilateral changes minimize the influence of collective bargaining by giving employees the impression that a union is unnecessary to achieve agreement with the employer. For example, in NLRB v. Katz, 369 U.S. 736, 82 S. Ct. 1107, 8 L. Ed. 2d 230 (1962), the employer unilaterally changed its sick leave policy and increased its wage rates without first bargaining over them with the union. The Court ruled that the employer's unilateral change undermined the union's ability to negotiate over sick leave, wages, and other terms of employment.
One area of ongoing conflict between unions and employers concerns when wage increases constitute mandatory subjects of bargaining. In Acme Die Casting v. NLRB, 26 F.3d 162 (D.C. Cir. 1994), the court of appeals analyzed the employer's historical practice of establishing the frequency and size of wage increases and determined that whether to grant a wage increase was not an issue within the employer's discretion and could not be decided without bargaining with the union (see also Daily News of Los Angeles v. NLRB, 979 F.2d 1571 [D.C. Cir. 1992] [remanding to NLRB to determine whether wage increases that are consistent in terms of timing but discretionary in terms of amount are considered mandatory subjects of bargaining]).
One area of ongoing conflict between unions and employers concerns when wage increases constitute mandatory subjects of bargaining. In Acme Die Casting v. NLRB, 26 F.3d 162 (D.C. Cir. 1994), the court of appeals analyzed the employer's historical practice of establishing the frequency and size of wage increases, and determined that whether to grant a wage increase was not an issue within the employer's discretion and could not be decided without bargaining with the union. As of 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court had not resolved this issue of whether wage increases were mandatory subjects of collective bargaining, so the federal courts of appeals have developed rules of their own to govern this question. Where an employer does not exercise discretion in determining the timing or the amount of a wage increase, then the issue of wage increases is a mandatory subject for collective bargaining. NLRB v. Beverly Enter.-Mass., Inc., 174 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 1999). Moreover, even if an employer exercises a certain amount of discretion in determining wage increase, such as an annual increase to cover the costs of living, this fact does not prevent the wage increase from becoming a mandatory subject if the company has a longstanding practice of granting such pay increases. NLRB v. Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co., No. 00-1969, 2001 WL 791645 (4th Cir. July 13, 2001).
Once the parties have reached an impasse, the employer may implement unilateral changes to mandatory bargaining subjects as long as it has previously proposed those changes to the union (NLRB v. Plainville Ready Mix Concrete Co., 44 F.3d 1320 [6th Cir. 1995]; NLRB v. Emsing's Supermarket, 872 F.2d 1279 [7th Cir. 1989]).
Aidt, Toke, and Zafiris Tzannatos. 2002. Economic Effects in a Global Environment. Washington, D.C.: World Book.
Bagchi, Aditi. 2003. "Unions and the Duty of Good Faith in Employment Contracts." Yale Law Journal 112 (May).
Employment Law; Good Faith; Picketing.
the process by which a trade union negotiates terms and conditions with an employer. The agreement, known as a collective agreement, is not intended to be legally binding unless expressed to be so in writing.
<a href="https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+bargaining">collective bargaining</a>
Administrative Agency
Allred, Gloria
Certification Proceeding
Closed Shop
Comparable Worth
Establishment Clause
Goldberg, Arthur Joseph
Master and Servant
There are diverse views on collective bargaining which have been useful in employment relations over the years.
Dynamics of collective bargaining in resolving conflict in employment relations
In the remaining 7 states (Arizona, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia), collective bargaining is prohibited either by statute or by court ruling (see Figure 2).
A bad bargain: how teacher collective bargaining affects students' employment and earnings later in life
Collective bargaining provides workers with a voice and our members in aged care have used that voice well.
Making dignity and respect real: the Aged Care Association's campaign for more funding for aged care rings somewhat hollow, given the refusal of some providers to pass on extra government funding to staff
constitutional protection to collective bargaining or related
The "Supreme Court of Canada's Labour Law Trilogy": its legacy and implications on the future
These transformations coincided with major changes in the wage collective bargaining system, lending support to the hypothesis of a challenge to the extant hierarchy between the two levels of wage collective bargaining that were strongly present in France: the sector-level and the firm-level (1).
Diversidad de Politica de Compensacion y Negociacion colectiva de Salario en Francia
(3) Many workers who fall outside of the definition of 'employee' may benefit from minimum labour standards including access to collective bargaining.
Collective bargaining beyond the boundaries of employment: a comparative analysis
There is a logical argument for targeted bargaining prohibitions, which goes like this: When an education policy issue is determined through collective bargaining, the public is shut out of the policy-making process.
What education reformers should do about collective bargaining: reformers are correct in calling attention to current labor practices in education, but they are wrong to believe that bargaining prohibitions represent the proper remedy
He helped pass collective bargaining 50 years ago, and was one of 14 senators who left Wisconsin in 2011 to prevent a vote to end collective bargaining for most state employees.
Wisconsin's Senator Fred Risser
Collective bargaining has evolved as a recognized way of creating a system of fairness and equity in the workplace.
Teacher Bargaining Structures. A Brief to the Ministry of Education from the British Columbia Teachers' Federation
12, 1980 coup era that made it difficult for unions to engage in collective bargaining on wages and benefits.
New law to save Turkey from coup-era union rules
ANKARA, Aug 4, 2011 (TUR) -- Turkey's labor and social security minister said on Thursday that collective bargaining regarding increase in civil servants' wages would take place after a legal study.
WAGE INCREASE -Bargaining for increase in civil servants' wages postponed
Frontier Airlines, a wholly owned subsidiary of Republic Airways Holdings Inc (NASDAQ:RJET), on Monday announced that it has entered into an agreement with the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA (AFA-CWA) on the terms for a new collective bargaining agreement for the carrier's almost 1,000 attendants.
Frontier Airlines and Association of Flight Attendants-CWA agree on collective bargaining agreement terms
Coke, Richard
Coke, Sir Edward
Collateral assurance
Collateral Attack
collateral descendant
Collateral facts evidence
Collateral Heir
Collateral issue
Collateral kinsmen
Collateral security
Collateral Warranty
Collatio bonorum
collatio inter haeredes
collatio inter liberos
Collation of seals
collection agency, medical bills
Collection of outstanding debt.
collective trespass
Collectors of the customs
college error in courses required, lawsuit
College of Justice
Collier, William Miller
Collistrigium
Colloquim
collusive action
Color of Law
Color of Office
Color of Title
Color or office
Colorable
colourable
Collections Requirements Management Database
Collective Action and Property Rights
Collective action problem
collective address designator
Collective Address Directory
Collective Address Group
Collective Against Consensual Sanity
Collective Agreement Arbitration Bureau
Collective Artists' Gallery and Exchange
collective attitude
Collective B-Mode Receiving Station
Collective bargain
Collective bargaining agency
Collective Bargaining Agent
Collective Bargaining Organization
Collective bargaining unit
Collective behavior
Collective Behavior and Social Movement
Collective behaviour
Collective Bio-Cultural Heritage
Collective Body of Knowledge
collective bounce
Collective breeding


Older individuals with low levels of vitamin B12 are at increased risk of having brain atrophy or shrinkage. Brain atrophy is associated with Alzheimer's disease and impaired cognitive function.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a public health problem, especially among older people.
In a study involving more than 100 volunteers aged 61 to 87, all participants underwent annual clinical exams, MRI scans and cognitive tests, and had blood samples taken. Individuals with lower vitamin B12 levels at the start of the study had a greater decrease in brain volume. Those with the lowest B12 levels had a sixfold greater rate of brain volume loss compared with those who had the highest levels.
However, none of the participants were actually deficient in vitamin B12 -- they just had low levels within a normal range.
Other risk factors for brain atrophy include high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol.
"Our results suggest that rather than maintaining one's B12 at a level that is just above the cut off for deficiency, it might be prudent to aim to keep it higher up than normal range," the study's lead researcher said.
This is really important to hear, as most people would assume that if their levels are within the normal range, they're fine. In reality, you cannot always count on the "normal" reference ranges that come with your blood tests. Vitamin D is another example of a test that lists "normal" ranges that are not nearly adequate to keep you healthy.
This really reminds me in many ways of the story of vitamin D. For many decades the "experts" believed that all you needed was 400 units per day. Now we know that you need about ten times that much or the equivalent amount of sun to produce that in your skin.
Getting back to vitamin B12, though, there are many important reasons to make sure you're getting enough in your diet.
• Is needed for proper digestion, food absorption, carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
• Helps folic acid regulate the formation of red blood cells, and helps your body use iron.
• Keep your nervous system healthy by assisting the nerves of your body to function and communicate in an optimal manner.
• Helps in cell formation and cellular longevity.
• Helps support female reproductive health.
• Promote normal nerve growth and development by maintaining the fatty sheaths. These fatty sheaths play a vital role as they cover and protect your nerve endings.
• Helps boost your immunity.
• Supports a healthy mood and feelings of well-being, and provides excellent support for your memory, mental clarity, and concentration.
• Helps to boost your energy levels.
The group most at risk is those who do not eat meat or animal products. Vitamin B12 deficiency is VERY common, almost universal, in strict vegetarians and vegans, as vitamin B12 is NOT readily available, if at all, in plants.
Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal tissues, including foods like beef and beef liver, lamb, snapper, venison, salmon, shrimp, scallops, poultry and eggs. And, the few plant foods that are sources of B12 are actually B12 analogs. Simply put, an analog is a substance that blocks the uptake of true B12. The result being, your body's need for the nutrient actually increases.
You may also be at risk of B12 deficiency if you have stomach problems. This is because B12 needs the help of a protein in order to be absorbed. That protein is called intrinsic factor, and if your stomach is irritated or inflamed, it may stop producing intrinsic factor, making it nearly impossible for your body to absorb B12.
• Age: People over 50 tend to have a limited ability to absorb B12.
• Drinking coffee: A study in Clinical Chemistry found that people who drank four or more cups of coffee a day had a 15 percent reduction in multiple B vitamins compared to those who drank no coffee.
• Taking medications: Many prescription drugs diminish your body's levels of B12, including antibiotics, anticancer medications, anticonvulsants, anti-gout medications, antihypertensives, antiParkinson's medications, antipsychotics, antituberculosis medications, birth control pills, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and potassium replacements.
• Those who have undergone weight-loss surgery, which can impair your body's ability to absorb B12 and other vitamins.
• Those exposed to laughing gas anesthesia or nitrous oxide.
If you are concerned about getting enough vitamin B12, it is important to know that most oral vitamin B12 supplements do not work well at all. Vitamin B12 is the largest vitamin known and it is not easily absorbed.
Ideally, you should make sure you're getting plenty of vitamin B12 by eating animal foods that are right for your nutritional type, and follow the advice in Take Control of Your Health to overcome any stomach issues that may be inhibiting your absorption.
If you do choose to supplement, studies show that sublingual (under-the-tongue) forms of vitamin B12 are better absorbed by your bloodstream than tablet or inhaled (through your nose) versions.


my vision was for something like the dress on the farthest right. seemed easy enough.
When I was ten years old I became obsessed with learning how to make my own clothes. It wasn't enough for me to know that a dress can simply exist; I wanted to break it down to its core elements and master the process of creating one. My mother excited about the prospect of showing off an Indian daughter who had sewing as a superpower happily escorted me to our local Beverly's Fabrics. With her help I selected an 80's dress pattern using Alexis Carrington as my muse along with four yards of floral fabric in a color that would now be described as Millennial Pink. Mom set me up at our dining room table with her deluxe Singer sewing machine and I spent the next three months teaching myself how to sew. All apologies to Tim Gunn but I wasn't able to "make it work". My dress was less 80's power divorcee and more like a lop-sided tent, avant-garde if you were feeling generous. But all was not lost; I did learn what a yoke is and can replace a lost button for you if necessary.
This compulsive need to know things has haunted me my entire life. I'm addicted to the adrenaline rush I get when I conquer something and once that curiosity switch has been flipped to "on" I have this insatiable need to pursue it. Just ask anyone who has ever lived with me and they will tell you about my bouts with everything from growing cannabis in my bedroom closet (I told my mother it was basil, she suggested using Miracle Grow) to becoming a pilot in the United States Air Force (a blog post for another day). Wine has definitely been my longest engaging pursuit, having first discovered it as an 18 year-old server at a restaurant in Monterey. My boss tasked me with learning the wines by the glass, just enough to be able to describe them to our guests but the basics only led to bigger questions. Why was Chardonnay buttery yet Sauvignon Blanc grassy? Why was the Pinot Noir from France more expensive than the one from California? And how exactly did they get a wine to taste like blueberries and bananas? I hunted for the answers in books and trade magazines and yet the mystery only widened. I didn't realize it at the time but this is the nature of wine; you can never know everything, the information is inexhaustible. It's the ultimate rabbit hole, one dangling carrot leading to another, a never-ending Valhalla for the eternally curious. I was hooked.
My therapist Marilyn tells me that humans are hard-wired for habit; the survival of our species depends on it. I am indeed a creature of habit and curiosity except the rabbit hole that I find myself in now is looking more like a passage to India. What started off as a simple project to make something from my friend's new Indian cookbook has now turned into an obsessive desire to learn everything there is to know about Indian food. My preliminary research tells me this is not going to be an easy endeavor. India is vast and although there is a centralized government it is certainly not homogeneous. There are 29 states and 7 union territories with each state featuring not only its own language, culture and foods, but its own history, geography and set of religions. One must also take into account the influences left behind by pilgrims, explorers, traders, conquerers and invaders. Much like studying for the Master Sommelier Exam, an outline and an organized plan of attack is needed in order to take on this Herculean challenge. As luck would have it, a follower on Instagram tipped me off to Raja, Rasoi Aur Anya Kahaniyaan, a documentary series highlighting the major culinary regions and foods of India. It's available on Netflix with English subtitles. Each episode provides an overview of a region along with expert interviews accompanied by hunger-inducing cinematography. I took notes as I went along and catalogued dishes, ingredients or cooking techniques that piqued my curiosity for further research. This is a very basic and certainly not a definitive outline. If I left a region or dish out, it wasn't intentional and I'll probably cover it at some point. As you can see India is way more than just butter chicken and saag paneer.
Influenced by the war-like lifestyle of its inhabitants and dry, desert like conditions of the region. Scarcity of water and lack of green vegetables and vegetation influenced the cuisine. Mostly vegetarian but Rajputs eat meat. Food that is heavily spiced and that could be stored for several days without heating.
Mughal, Muslim, Turkish and Afghan influences merged to create a wide and varied cuisine. Fried and oily foods (supposedly to protect the stomach from effects of drinking the local water), legendary street food, pit roasting influenced by sultanate rulers, home of butter chicken. Nawab and Rampur cuisine. Chandni Chowk, Khari Baoli market.
Major cities are Lucknow and Agra. Awadhi, Nawab, Mughlai and middle-eastern influences. Dum phukt cooking (air or pressure cooking). Biryani has Farsi origins and means pit. Lucknow famous for its kebabs. Nawab cooks of Oudh were legendary.
Located on the border to Pakistan (Pakistan was part of Punjab prior to partition in 1947). Main city is Amritsar. Food is heavily influenced by Afghanistan and Persia (tandoor came from Afghanistan). Punjabi's are known for their strength and valor. Lots of ghee, mustard oil and milk in the cooking. Dhabas or roadside stalls.
Climate is very diverse but dry, arid, hot and desert-like in many places. Due to religious influence (Jainism), a lot of vegetarian food. Parsi influence (they love eggs). Emphasis on seasonal vegetables, lentils, millet and sweets. Element of sweetness in the food helps combat excessive heat in the region. Mix of sweet, sour, salt helps replenish electrolytes. Thali may include 20-25 different items representing value and various tastes.
Ganga, Varanasi, holy area filled with pilgrims. Legend has it if you die in the holy rivers then you are liberated and can attain nirvana. Influence of vegetarian and Ayurvedic food. Allahabad is the confluence of three rivers. Rich fertile soil for potatoes. Cannabis is smoke here for spiritual enlightenment. Street food was not common here but became a necessity in order to feed pilgrims.
Persian, silk route and Afghan influences. Muslim vs. Hindu Pundits. Kashmiris love their rice and it grows well here. Floating gardens and markets. Saag or greens is a must with dinner. Fruits and nuts introduced by Persians. Kashmiri Chilli powder (not hot), morel mushrooms. Jammu region features Dogra cuisine which is not as elaborate – lentils, veggies, horsegram, ambal pumpkin. Wazwan feasts. Kesar or saffron.
Himachali food is a blend of Tibetan and Punjabi food with some Kashimri and Nepalese influence. Kangri Dham similar to Wazwan, a vegetarian feast served by Brahmins. Buddhist dishes.
Largest city is Chennai. Maratha influence. Rice, beans and lentils used heavily along with vegetables, dairy, spices, coconut and tamarind as a souring agent. Food is traditionally eaten on a banana leaf. Breakfast includes idli or dosa and rice with sambar and rasam. Chettinad cuisine.
Heavy use of coconut (milk, grated and oil). Seafood. Spices (black pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, clove, ginger). Tamarind and Bananas. Mopplai influence.
Also known as Deccani cuisine. Muslim foods such as kebabs, pilafs, kormas and yogurt dishes combined with the flavors of the south – mustard deeds, cinnamon, curry leaves, hot chilies, peanuts, tamarind and coconut milk.
Bengalis love their fish, especially Hilsa. Bengalis are very proud of their food. Simplest of dishes gain complexity with the addition of phoron (traditional mix of pungent spices). Panch phoron includes cumin, nigella, fenugreek, anise and mustard seeds. Robust fish curries and Bengali sweets are highly regarded. I could spend months studying just Bengali food and I just might!
Main city is Mumbai but Poona is equally as important. Starting around Maharashtra one can draw a line that begins to separate the wheat-eating north (Kashmir is the exception) with the rice eating south. Mahastrians eat both but rice is given a special place of prominence. Expert blending of sweet, salty, hot and sour flavors. Famous kala masala (cinnamon, cardamom, cumin, sesame seeds and pieces of blackened coconut). Alphonso mango. Kohlapuri, and Malvani cuisine.
Rice, seafood, coconut, vegetables, meat, pork and local spices. Similar to Malvani or Konkani food. Use of kokum or mangosteen. Fish is very important. 450 years of Portuguese rule.


I am using C# code to download a file from FTP server and I am getting the "Can't get attributes of file No such file or directory" error. But there is the file. I can download it using GUI. It is very strange, if the test file is in "ROOT" directory, it works, but not in the sub folder. Also the folder looks strange. It is like "Jade:/PROD/Outbound". Anyone have this issue before?
// set path to WinSCP.exe explicitly, if using non-default path.
Use the file name as is, when calling session.GetFiles.
No, I tried removing that still getting the same error.
Hi the log is in the very first post. I am using version 5.7.6, and I can't upgrade it because the server that is running the Jobs is also the same version.
Hi the log is in the very first post.
That's a log with ToUpper, hence useless.
I am using version 5.7.6, and I can't upgrade it because the server that is running the Jobs is also the same version.
You should not rely on an installed version of WinSCP. Your application should deploy it's own copy of WinSCP binaries.