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Police Use of Force: Reality vs. Law
October 24, 2017	| Michael Ranalli
Editor's note: This article originally appeared in The Chief's Chronicle; New York State Association of Chiefs of Police. Reprinted with permission.
In my two prior editions of the Chief's Chronicle, I have explored the implications of policy modifications to the Fourth Amendment objective reasonableness standard and the possible impact of policy language and state tort law. In this article, I will use two recent court cases to highlight the potential disconnect that can exist between the reality of human response versus application of the law.
First, a few ground rules:
• Humans are susceptible to mistakes and errors under normal circumstances, and are even more susceptible during high-stress, rapidly evolving situations.
• We are susceptible to selective attention, otherwise known as tunnel vision. We sometimes only see what we are paying attention to and focused on – typically the perceived threat – and miss things in the periphery, such as the presence of pedestrians and/or police officers.
• Auditory exclusion and compromised motor skills can also impede officers during high-stress situations.
• The limited training most police officers receive provides modest assistance, at best, in overcoming these effects and making decisions during high-stress situations.
Another critical concept to introduce here is that of action version reaction. Officers usually are reacting to the decisions of others. Studies have shown that a person can act faster than an officer can react in a use of force scenario.(1) Specifically, a suspect with his gun pointed down at his side can typically raise and shoot at a police officer before the officer, who has his or her gun at the high ready, can shoot at the suspect.
While that may seem counter-intuitive, it happens because decision-making takes time. The officer in such a scenario must perceive and absorb the stimuli, process it within context, decide on a response and then execute the motor program to physically initiate and perform the response. The suspect, however, has already completed the first three of these four steps without the officer's knowledge, requiring the officer to try to complete all four in the time it takes the suspect to raise and fire the gun.
The decision-making process necessary for an officer to start shooting will also apply to the decision to stop shooting. In other words, it can take time for an officer to realize the threat a suspect has presented is now over – resulting in additional trigger pulls after the suspect is neutralized.(2)
How does this impact policy? Since officers may already be at a disadvantage, the last thing agencies should do is to create overly restrictive use of force policies that may not be possible for officers to adhere to. To further complicate the realities of use of force situations, what if the courts do not properly apply the law? Or what if the judge or the litigants in the case do not understand the limitations of human physiology under stress?
White v. Pauly, 137 S.Ct. 548 (2017)
Daniel Pauly was allegedly driving recklessly, which led to a road rage incident with two women. After a brief roadside confrontation with them, he left the scene and drove to his house nearby where he lived with his brother, Samuel. The police were called by the women and the officers decided to respond to the Pauly home to speak with Daniel about the incident, although no charges were to be filed. Two officers approached the house in a covert manner, using their flashlights only intermittently.
The brothers eventually became aware of the officers and yelled out at them. The officers' claim they identified themselves; the lawsuit claims they did not. The brothers armed themselves with a handgun and a shotgun and yelled out, "We have guns."
Officer White arrived at this point. He drew his gun and took cover behind a stone wall about 50 feet from the front of the house. Daniel fired two shotgun blasts out the back door and Samuel opened a front window and pointed his gun in Officer White's direction. Another officer fired at Samuel but missed, and then White shot and killed Samuel.
The Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit denied summary judgement for all three officers at the scene, but analyzed the first two officers on the scene separately from Officer White. The first two officers were denied qualified immunity because the plaintiff raised an issue of fact as to whether they properly identified themselves. This was important—if they did not, then the officers, according to the court, should have realized their conduct would cause the brothers to defend their home.
Officer White, arriving after the verbal exchange, was denied qualified immunity for a separate reason. The court ruled a jury could conclude Officer White's use of deadly force was not reasonable. The Paulys could not have shot Officer White unless he moved from behind the stone wall. Therefore, the court reasoned, a jury could conclude Officer White was required to warn Pauly before using deadly force, as established in Tennessee v. Garner (471 U.S. 1 (1985)) and Graham v. Connor (490 U.S. 386 (1989)).
The U.S. Supreme Court reversed as to Officer White, ruling that the requirement of "clearly established law" must be particularized to the facts of the case and cannot be used in general terms by just citing Garner and Graham. Federal law does not prohibit a reasonable officer who arrives late at an incident from assuming that proper procedures and identification have been followed by other officers up to this point.
The Supreme Court hears a very small number of cases that are appealed to it. In prior cases, the Court has made clear to all the circuit courts of appeals that general "clearly established law" statements are not acceptable to provide the necessary notice to law enforcement. Clearly established law must come from a case that could easily fit into a similar fact pattern, and Graham and Garner do not do that in this case. Garner dealt with a situation involving a fleeing felon, which is nowhere near the facts of this case. While the first two officers may have made some tactical mistakes, and may or may not have adequately identified themselves, forcing officers while shots are being fired to have to give away their exact location and possibly expose themselves to gunfire in the process has never been the law.
In such situations officers are already at a disadvantage; to require that they must place themselves at more of a disadvantage is absurd. If the Supreme Court had not heard this case, the "warning issue" would have gone to a jury to decide. Ironically, the 10th Circuit in this case violated "clearly established law" themselves.
Bah v. The City of New York, 2017 WL 435823 (S.D.N.Y. 2017)
The facts of this case are complex and detailed, but for purposes of this article I will summarize them succinctly. Mohamed Bah was emotionally disturbed and his mother called 911 to request an ambulance to take him to the hospital. Officers arrived and the mother indicated that Bah was alone in the apartment. When the officers' initial attempts to communicate with Bah were unsuccessful, the Emergency Services Unit (ESU) was requested and arrived at the apartment.
After a time, the door opened. Whether Bah opened it or whether it was because of something the ESU officers did is a point of disagreement between the parties. The officers allege that Bah attacked them with a knife, but the plaintiff disputed that contention. What is not in dispute is that officers discharged two TASERs, along with a less-lethal round. These measures were ineffective at subduing Bah, however, and ultimately, officers discharged 10 rounds from their service weapons, killing Bah.
The court addressed multiple legal issues, including the denial of qualified immunity to the officers as to the legality of their entering the apartment under these circumstances, but I will focus on one issue: Specifically, the court stated, "Plaintiff's version of the facts supporting the excessive force claims is that the final shot to the head that killed Bah was fired at close range while Bah was lying wounded on the ground after being previously shot multiple times by the officers. According to plaintiff's version, Bah was no longer attacking the officers with a knife and posed no threat to the officers or anyone else. If proven, this would violate a clearly established right…" (emphasis added).
This ruling will now allow the issue to go to trial for a jury to decide, unless it is settled first.
This is clearly a tragic situation and one that has repeated itself in cases across the country. Police are called for a person in crisis and the situation turns deadly. Tragic as it is, it happened and now the officers and the city must defend the claim.
Decision-making takes time. The officers in this case perceived a threat, processed it in context, decided on a course of action, and executed the resulting motor program to fulfill the task – start pulling the trigger. As the officers were firing, they would also be unconsciously tracking Bah as he moved and fell. Depending upon how many officers were firing, 10 rounds could have been fired in 1 to 1.5 seconds or less. It is entirely possible, and likely, that the final, fatal round was fired during this recognition period. The officers may not have had enough time to cognitively process the fact that Bah was down and the threat was over.
This is a reality of human reaction and decision-making. So yes, it is entirely probable that the expert for the plaintiff may be able to prove that the fatal wound was inflicted while Bah was on the ground. But the city may in turn be able to prove that this was an unavoidable result of the human decision-making process.
I hope these articles, taken together, give police executives pause about trying to change human behavior with mere words in a policy. Putting content in policy that may sound good and may appease some in the community is not effective. We must continue to train our officers about the impact of stressful encounters and through such awareness hope that they make sound tactical decisions.
The courts do not always consistently apply the law, let alone understand the physiological effects of stress on police officers. Thorough examination of incidents can help officers to learn to handle future situations better. Was it necessary to sneak up on a house in the dark to interview a suspect in a road rage incident where no arrest was going to be made? If the ESU did breach Bah's apartment door, was it necessary at that time? I am not passing judgment in either case, instead challenging police executives to critically review incidents so as to help officers grow professionally and make better decisions, with the ultimate goal being to minimize the situations they do not control.
And when officers are forced into such situations, and criminal or civil litigation results, counsel must understand the correct application of the law and how physiological factors affect officers' actions during use of force situations.
1. See Blair J., Pollock J, Montague D. et al (2011) Reasonableness and Reaction Time. Police Quarterly, 14:323 DOI 10.1177/1098611111423737; Lewinski W. & Hudson B. (2003) Reaction Times in Lethal Force Encounters: Time to Start Shooting? Time to Stop Shooting? The Tempe Study. Police Marksman Vol 28 No. 5 Sept/Oct. P. 26-29.; and Lewinski W. & Hudson B. (2003) The Impact of Visual Complexity, Decision Making and Anticipation: The Tempe Study Experiments 3 & 5. Police Marksman Nov/Dec. P. 24-27.
2. Lewinski W.J., Hudson W.B., Dysterheft J.L. (2014) Police Officer Reaction Time to Start and Stop Shooting: The Influence of Decision-Making and Pattern Recognition. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, 14(2), 1-16
MIKE RANALLI, ESQ., is a Program Manager II for Lexipol. He retired in 2016 after 10 years as chief of the Glenville (N.Y.) Police Department. He began his career in 1984 with the Colonie (N.Y.) Police Department and held the ranks of patrol officer, sergeant, detective sergeant and lieutenant. Mike is also an attorney and is a frequent presenter on various legal issues including search and seizure, use of force, legal aspects of interrogations and confessions, wrongful convictions, and civil liability. He is a consultant and instructor on police legal issues to the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services, and has taught officers around New York State for the last 15 years in that capacity. Mike is also a past president of the New York State Association of Chiefs of Police, a member of the IACP Professional Standards, Image & Ethics Committee, and the former Chairman of the New York State Police Law Enforcement Accreditation Council. He is a graduate of the 2009 F.B.I.-Mid-Atlantic Law Enforcement Executive Development Seminar and is a Certified Force Science Analyst.
Use of Force Policy
Gordon Graham
The Power of Persuasion and an $85 Glass of Wine


Audrey was born in Ottumwa, IA. Her father was a great singer and director. He made sure his five children took piano lessons.
Her tribute is to God for the gift of music as she has had only 2 years of formal training as a child of 6 and 7 years old. She was full time pianist for her church at 10 years of age and played for a City Wide Crusade at age 16.
Audrey was featured pianist at the Sheraton Hotel and Grand Hall Omni Hotel in downtown St. Louis, Mo. She also played at a restaurant for 5 yrs. She has entertained in the Cameo Club all over the St. Louis area.
In 2000 she was crowned Ms. Sr. Missouri America and won with her rendition of "Somewhere in Time". She loves to take a song and make it her own by doing her own arranging.
She plays piano, organ, vibraharp and accordion and sings trio's with herself, doing all her own background.
Audrey worked 35 years combined, at 2 different churches as minister of music.
She currently lives in Arizona near 3 of her 5 children.
New music will be added soon, both mp3 downloads, and cd albums.


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You should seal cracks with epoxy sealing material, 1mm think and 30mm wide, except for areas where to put the washer to prevent the injected epoxy from leaking, If sealing is not properly done on cracks, loss of epoxy resin can occur due to the damage of sealing when injection device is installed. Therefore, you should pay special attention while you work.
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Fill the syringe injector with 30cc of epoxy grouting material and connect rubber bands with the washers. Place all the syringe injectors on the washers in the same way.
when the grouting material of a syringe injector is consumed before tack free, you have to replace the syringe injector promptly with a syringe injector newly charge and continue injection.


It is unlikely that Mark Rothko, arguably the most famous cultural figure ever to be born within Latvia's modern-day borders, would ever have considered himself Latvian. He was the son of a middle-class family from Daugavpils, then known as Dvinsk, an oasis of Jewish cosmopolitanism in Czarist Russia. In 1913, with tensions mounting from the pogroms, his family emigrated to the United States. The young boy grew up to become one of the great painters of the 50s and 60s. His giant canvases of reds, blues, yellows and greens, separated one atop the other like the clear cut of a horizon line between flat desert land and expansive skies are among the greatest works of American art of the 20th century. But there was no way anyone thought his work would make it to his birthplace within his lifetime. (He died in 1970). At one point some of his work made it to Moscow during the Khrushchev era as part of an exhibit of modern painting. The reception was hostile.


This guide provides search strategies and recommended resources for research in English 111 with Dr. Melissa Mendendez.
In Person: stop by the Library on the West Campus, or chat, call, or email for an appointment.
Image: S-21 interrogation and detention center identification document for Long Socheat, a student who was arrested and imprisoned by the Khmer Rouge regime in 1976. Image courtesy of the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum website.
The information on the following tabs of this guide will help you identify keywords for your topic, find and evaluate different types of sources, and cite your sources.
If you need more help with your research, contact a librarian by chat, phone, email, or in person, or explore the library's online tutorials.
For writing help, see the About SBCC's Writing Center or The SBCC Learning Resource Center Writing Tools Online.
Any of the SBCC librarians can help you!
If you can't reach me, stop by the reference desk in the library, call the desk at 805-730-4444, or chat with us online.


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Harvest and Monrovia are suburbs located NW of Huntsville. Many people choose this area because of its' highly sought after schools and easy commute to Research Park, Redstone Arsenal and NASA using Research Park Boulevard. Monrovia has a desirable school system, nice subdivisions, and is close to shopping. Harvest is slightly further away from Huntsville. However, it offers more affordable homes.
All neighborhoods in this area are conveniently located 5 to 15 minutes from Huntsville and Madison City shopping. Lowe's, Home Depot, Publix, Kohl's, and many more shops and businesses are located on 72 west.
Phillips Park offers baseball, softball, and soccer fields, which are part of the Monrovia Parks and Recreation Department. The Monrovia Community Center has a gym for basketball and volleyball leagues. There is also a public library.
The Harvest/Monrovia area has desirable subdivisions with large lots not found in many neighboring communities. Its' homes come in a variety of styles and sizes including several farms and estate homes that line its' roadways. Additionally, it houses Capshaw Mountain, a focal point for the Monrovia area, which is becoming a hot spot for an upscale housing development.
This area is part of the Madison County School System. It has many elementary schools including: Monrovia Elementary, Legacy Elementary, Endeavor Elementary, and Harvest Elementary School. The other schools in the area are Monrovia Middle School and Sparkman High School.


http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | The big moving truck had attracted a swarm of neighborhood youngsters. Like flies to honey they came out on this late-summer morning, to watch the contents of the Friedman house being transferred bit by bit into the truck's yawning insides, borne on the shoulders of men with hard muscles and infinite patience.
Two boys stood a little apart from the rest. They were both twelve years old. One of them, Yitzi, turned to his friend.
"Well, we're going," he said. He didn't sound particularly happy at the prospect.
"Yeah. Would you look at the size of that truck? I've never seen anything so gigantic in my life!" As opposed to Yitzi's wistful look, the other boy sparkled with life and energy. "How long will it take you to get to where you're going?"
"It's only across town. About forty minutes, my father said."
Yitzi hesitated. "Moishy, can I ask you something?"
"Will you come to my bar mitzvah? It'll be in about three months. I know we won't be in the same school anymore, and it'll be a bother for you to get a ride all the way over to my new neighborhood, but... I'd be really happy if you came."
"Sure I'll come!" Moishy said expansively. "You think a little move like this means we won't be friends any more?"
"Sure, I promise! I'll come to your bar mitzvah, and — and I'll also come to your son's bar mitzvah one day!" The boy laughed.
"In fact, it wouldn't surprise me if I even showed up at your grandson's bar mitzvah!"
Yitzi laughed, too — a joyous peal that made his mother, just coming out of the house with an armful of odds and ends, stop and stare. Then she smiled, too, because her son had not been enthusiastic about the move and laughter had been in short supply lately.
An hour later, the big truck moved off down the block, followed by the family car. The neighborhood boys waved after it until it was gone from sight.
When Yitzi's bar mitzvah invitation came in the mail some weeks later, Moishy was happy to accept. Bar mitzvahs were fun! Together with a couple of other kids who'd been invited from the old neighborhood, he made the trip across town. Yitzi was overjoyed to see him. Moishy went to bed that night feeling very virtuous.
They had spoken on the phone once or twice since Yitzi's move. Then, after the bar mitzvah, Yitzi called to thank him again for coming. Moishy wasn't home.
"I'll call him back later," he thought vaguely, when his mother gave him the message. But, what with one thing and another, "later" never came.
Another call followed that one, and another message. Another good intention never bore fruit. Whenever he thought of Yitzi, Moishy felt a pang — but the pang always left as quickly as it had come. Moishy was the kind of kid who lived lightly, on the surface of things, throwing himself into the moment without much thought about either yesterday or tomorrow. Yitzi belonged to yesterday... And so, tomorrow's phone call never happened.
Then they each graduated from the eighth grade, and it was time to go off to yeshiva (rabbinical school). Yitzi attended a local one for a year, after which he moved into a dormitory several states away. Moishy was already ensconced in a dorm room in a different yeshiva. The two boys lost touch completely.
The years marched on. Shidduchim (dating) was followed by a couple of weddings. The two long-ago boys became husbands, fathers and responsible members of their respective communities. Their children grew a little older, and then older still. The men sprouted one or two gray hairs — but just one or two. Life was good. The years flowed on.
"Dad, can I talk to you a minute?" Shaya asked his father.
It was a cool evening in late autumn. Shaya's father had just settled down at the dining-room table with his Talmud. He looked up questioningly.
"This'll just take a minute," Shaya said. "But I hope you'll say yes."
His father grinned. "Before I hear what this is all about, or afterwards?" Shaya laughed, but the intent look didn't leave his eyes. "After, of course." He drew a deep breath. "It's like this. I met a kid in camp this past summer, and we really hit it off. His name's Zevy. We're kind of good friends now."
"Wonderful!" His father's eyes strayed to the Talmud. He was expecting a late call in just over an hour.
"Okay, I'll get to the point. Zevy's becoming a bar mitzvah in December, and he really wants me to be there. I promised him I'd come."
"He lives in New Jersey, Dad." Shaya named a community at least an hour-and-a-half from their own Brooklyn home. "I'd need a ride there and back." Eagerly, he added, "You're also invited, Zevy said. Could you drive me? Please?"
He could tell by the look in his father's eyes that he wanted to say no. In fact, he came very close to doing so. The word seemed to tremble in the air. Desperate to forestall it, Shaya said, "I promised, Dad! He'd be so sad if I didn't come, but that's not even the worst part. I have to keep my word!"
It was this quality in Shaya that made him so badly want to keep his word. And it was his father's admiration for that quality that made him say — though with obvious reluctance — "Well, all right. I'll take you. I don't really feel comfortable about staying for the meal, though. I don't even know the family, or anyone in that town."
"Why don't you come in and say 'mazel tov'? Then you can decide if you want to stay or not." Shaya held his breath. The father looked into his son's eager face. "Fine, then. That's what I'll do."
The weather on the bar mitzvah Sunday could not have been worse. Sleet and snow had been forecast, and for once the weathermen were right on the mark. Shaya took one look out the window when he woke up and raced out of the room to find his father.
Please don't let Dad change his mind, he prayed. He found his father in the kitchen, getting ready to leave for Shacharis (Morning Prayers). He was gazing out the kitchen window wearing a very unencouraging expression.
"Dad?" Shaya's voice was small, but the pleading note was as clear as the sound of a bell on a crisp morning.
"We'll have to see how this thing progresses," his father said. "If it turns into a major snowstorm, it would be dangerous to be out on the roads. You do realize that, don't you?"
"I guess." Shaya looked down at his feet. "But if it doesn't get worse — if the weather stays the same or gets better — can we go? I —"
"You promised. I know." His father's eyes strayed back to the window. "I'll do my best, Shaya."
To Shaya's immense relief, the snow lightened as the morning wore on. By noon, there were only scattered snow showers and the major roads had already been plowed. "The highway should be fine, shouldn't it, Dad? Don't they salt them first thing?"
"The highway is the least of my worries," his father said. "I'm much more worried about the local streets, both here and in your friend's town. But — I'm game if you are!"
"Thanks, Dad!" It had been a long time since twelve-year-old Shaya had spontaneous thrown his arms around his father, but he did so now. His father returned the hug, then said with a smile, "Well, what are you waiting for? Go get dressed."
The car navigated the streets cautiously, like a skater testing the ice before gliding out onto a frozen pond. Several times, they slipped and skidded, but fortunately with no ill effects. Shaya hardly breathed until they were safely on the highway, heading south.
The salt spread by the highway workers spattered onto their windshield with the passing cars, making it hard to see even with the wipers working their hardest. Shaya's father grumbled under his breath and strained for a better view.
"It'll be better once we're off the highway," Shaya predicted hopefully.
"We'll see." His father clearly did not share his optimism. At long last, they reached the city they were aiming for. Here, only the major streets had been plowed, leaving two or three inches of powdery white stuff on the smaller streets. "We'll be lucky if we don't end up in the hospital today, chas v'shalom (G-d forbid)," Shaya's father muttered as his wheels struggled for traction.
"We're doing all this so that I can keep a promise I made," Shaya said confidently. "G-d will protect us."
His father said nothing. He was too busy trying to keep the car upright on the slippery surface of the road.
"There it is! I see the hall!" Shaya was beside himself with excitement. Gratefully, he turned to his father. "Thanks a million, Dad. You did it!"
"You're welcome." The glow in his son's face made the nightmarish trip seem suddenly worth all the effort.
Together they walked into the hall, stamping the snow from their shoes. When their coats were checked in the cloakroom, Shaya's father said, "Well, now that I'm here I might as well come in and say 'mazel tov.'"
"You can eat the meal too, Dad. When I told Zevy that you'd agreed to take me all the way out here, Zevy told me that his father specially invited you to stay."
"We'll see." Through the big, double doors they went, following the strains of music and the murmur of guest's voices.
A boy and his parents were standing inside the door, beaming at each set of newcomers as they walked in. Shaya went straight to the boy, who was wearing what was obviously a very new suit and hat. "Zevy! Mazel tov!"
Zevy's face lit up. "You made it! I'm so happy you came." He turned to introduce his friend to his parents. "Ma, Daddy — this is Shaya. He came all the way from Brooklyn — in this weather!"
"How nice of you to make the drive," Zevy's mother told Shaya's father. Then she — along with Zevy and Shaya — stopped short. The two men were staring at one another.
"You came," Zevy's father said, in a voice that sounded strangely choked.
Looking dazed, Shaya's father nodded. He seemed incapable of speech.
"After all these years — you kept your promise!" Tearing his eyes away with difficulty, Zevy's father turned to his wife. "This is an old friend of mine. We lived in the same neighborhood when we were boys. Before I moved, I asked to come to my bar mitzvah, and he promised that he would — and also my son's bar mitzvah. He attended mine, but we haven't seen or heard from each other for more years than I care to remember. And now, here — incredibly — he is!"
His wife's eyes were shining. Shaya stared at his father. "Dad? How come you didn't tell me you knew Zevy's father?"
His father swallowed hard, and finally found his voice. "Uh... haven't you ever heard of the surprise factor?"
"Well, this is certainly the most terrific surprise!" Zevy's father seized Shaya's father's hand and began pumping it happily. "I'm going to move you to my table so we can catch up on old times. Come on, I'll take you over to there right now. How great to see you again, Moishy!"
Dazedly, like a man sleepwalking, Shaya's father followed the other man across the crowded room.
Ironically, the accident happened on the way home. By the time they emerged from the hall, the streets that had been plowed were beginning to ice up again in the falling temperatures. Shaya and his father were no more than five blocks away, headed for the highway, when a car appeared out of nowhere, skidding wildly in front of them. Shaya's father wrenched his own steering wheel to the right, in a frantic attempt to avoid the oncoming car.
As a result, the other car did not crash head-on into theirs. But the car's nose did glance sharply off the driver's seat, throwing Shaya's father onto the dashboard. The airbags flew out, and after that all was darkness.
When he came to, Shaya was in a hospital bed , his left leg in a cast. Looking across at the other bed, he saw his father lying there. There was a bandage around his father's head and his eyes were closed.
"Dad! Dad, wake up! Are you all right?"
His anxious voice penetrated the fog in which his father lay.
Slowly, he opened his eyes and said, "Baruch Hashem, I'm fine, Shaya. We had a little accident, remember? We both blacked out for a while. I woke up earlier and the doctor told me that your leg's been fractured. See the cast?"
"I noticed. How about you, Dad? What happened to your head?"
"A close encounter with the dashboard, that's all. They want to keep us both in here overnight, for observation — just to make sure there's no concussion."
"She was called. I spoke to her when I woke up. She wanted to come running down here the minute she heard, of course, but I insisted that she stay home in this weather. We don't need another accident, chas v'shalom! She'll be down in the morning to pick us up."
There was a silence, broken only by the muffled sounds of nurses moving about the halls. All at once, Shaya remembered the bar mitzvah. "Dad, that was some surprise you pulled on me. Not telling me that Zevy's father was an old friend of yours!"
His father looked at him, rather shamefaced. "Actually, I've been wanting to talk to you about that, Shaya."
"The truth of the matter is — I didn't, know. Seeing Yitzi Friedman standing next to the bar mitzvah boy was the biggest shock of my life! Especially..."
"Especially?" Shaya prompted, when his father showed no sign of continuing anytime soon.
"Especially since I'd promised him, when we were kids, that I'd attend his son's bar mitzvah."
"You promised that?" Shaya's eyes were round.
Slowly, his father turned to face him. There was a serious look in his eye that Shaya didn't remember seeing often before. "Shaya, in those day I promised a lot of things. I promised without thinking. The words meant nothing more than a good intention — a fleeting impulse. I was like that in those days." He stopped. Then, painfully, he added, "I guess I haven't changed all that much..."
Shaya wanted to speak, to say something — anything — to ease the pain he saw in his father's face. A raised hand stopped the words before he could utter them.
"You're different, Shaya. For you, a promise means something. Your word carries weight. That's why I agreed to make this trip out here — to help you be who you are. To help you take the things you say seriously... as I myself don't do nearly often enough." He gazed intently into his son's eyes. "Because of who you are — because you would move heaven and earth to keep a promise you made — G-d let me keep the promise that I made so many years ago. A promise I never really planned to see through..." He paused, then added emotionally, "Thank you, Shaya."
Color flamed into the boy's cheeks. "It was nothing, Dad. I didn't do anything. I didn't even know about it!"
"You did do something, Shaya. You did everything you could to keep your word to your friend." The father shook his head, then winced as the movement caused it to ache. "Never change, my boy. Never take your friends for granted — or your word."
Shaya still wanted to ease his father's pain. So he leaned forward and said the only thing that he knew would do the trick. Words that his father — because he knew him — would know really meant something.
"I promise, Dad," he said.


After arriving in the role very green straight from working for a local IT integrator simply as a help desk tech, this was my first "gig" at a network admin role, after researching the existing infrastructure (both hardware and software) I realized there was a huge potential for a increase in productivity as well as user experience.
I approached a local IT integrator and asked that they have a look at what we had and see if we could devise a plan to better get use out of the system, we sat down and devised and implemented the following changes.
The network performed better even though we were still utilizing the existing hardware. the upgrade and reorganization of servers proved to be a success and saw us through till the hardware was retired in 2014. Management were happy as we were now seeing the benefit for their investment 3 years prior.


text:
British Television Drama
Biographies & topics
Dramas by decade
Contributors: all
David Rolinson
Play for Today section
PLAY FOR TODAY INTRODUCTION
Episode guide: 1970
Episodes: unbanned 1987-1991
Episodes: unofficial 1980, 1983-85
Episodes: repeats under PFT banner
Alan Clarke section
Tag: Biographies
Philip Saville: Play for Today Biography
OLIVER WAKE
Philip Saville is a director whose work on Play for Today cannot be easily categorised. The variety of his eight contributions is testament to the scope of both strand and director. Saville was an iconoclastic, innovative director, whose credits include many pioneering productions and notable television firsts.
Saville had a lengthy background in drama before moving into television directing. He had previously acted in theatre, film and television, and directed for the stage, on both sides of the Atlantic. Back in Britain, he joined ITV company Associated-Rediffusion in 1955, for whom he directed drama and contributed to Richard Lester comedy programmes. He continued to take occasional acting roles in film and television throughout this time, not stopping until the early 1960s. In 1956 he joined the drama department at ABC, another ITV company. He would ultimately direct more than forty plays for the company's prestigious Armchair Theatre strand. Read more... (3759 words, 1 image)
Posted on 4 November, 2010 31 July, 2018 by adminPosted in Biographies, Oliver WakeTagged Adaptation, Alan Bleasdale, Armchair Theatre, Biographies, Charles Wood, Fay Weldon, Harold Pinter, Paddy Russell, Philip Saville, Play for Today, Prisoner and Escort, Shakespeare, Studio experimentation, Sydney NewmanLeave a comment
Tony Parker: Play for Today Biography
Tony Parker's (25 June 1923-3 October 1996) work for Play for Today fulfils two of its central aims: to reflect contemporary society (as its title implied) and to give a hearing to otherwise neglected voices. Working in a similar manner to Jeremy Sandford, but developing his techniques even further, Parker's dramas employed journalistic research and meticulous observation to give a voice to society's most marginalised figures. Although the writer of a handful of superb plays, Parker was primarily a hugely respected oral historian (his ears were once described as a 'national treasure'). His published studies and television drama were underpinned by a selfless desire to act as a witness, and to resist imposing editorial devices or contrived narratives, as he sought to 'record without comment or judgement' the stories he was told1. Though his work was wide-ranging – he moved between unmarried mothers in No Man's Land (1972) and lighthouse keepers in Lighthouse (1975) – he was most associated with studies of convicted criminals, both in and out of prison. Anthony Storr described him in 1970 as 'Britain's most expert interviewer, mouthpiece of the inarticulate and counsel for the defence of those whom society has shunned and abandoned'2. Read more... (2348 words, 1 image)
Posted on 4 November, 2010 4 March, 2017 by adminPosted in Biographies, David RolinsonTagged Alan Clarke, Biographies, Drama Documentary, Irene Shubik, Play for Today, Roy Battersby, Tony Garnett, Tony Parker1 Comment
Alan Clarke: Play for Today Biography
Alan Clarke was neglected for a long time by television scholars and, because all but three of his approximately sixteen screen credits between 1967 and 1989 were for television, film scholars. This has changed in recent years: see Richard Kelly's 1998 book of interviews1 and my book from 2005, the first (and, I hope, not last) critical study of Clarke's work.2 Best of all, in May 2016, the vast majority of Clarke's surviving work will be made available – much of it for the first time and some of it after previously being thought lost – in the BFI DVD and blu ray releases Dissent & Disruption: Alan Clarke at the BBC. Now everyone can find out what people have been so excited about. However, Clarke was first and foremost a television director, and as wonderful as it is that film fans are discovering Clarke, his work must be seen in the context of British television drama rather than as an aberration from it. Discussions of Clarke understandably prioritise his mid-to-late 1980s work, but this particular biography is designed to accompany the essays on this site about the dozen productions he made for Play for Today, which form around one-fifth of his total output. Read more... (3153 words, 5 images)
Posted on 4 November, 2010 4 March, 2017 by adminPosted in Biographies, David RolinsonTagged Alan Clarke, Biographies, David Hare, David Rudkin, Drama Documentary, Play for Today, Stephen Frears1 Comment
The BBC's appointment of Sydney Newman as their head of drama in 1962 was the opening act of what some perceive as a "golden age" of British television drama. However, this is not how it appeared to everybody at the time, and the alienating effect of Newman's "new broom" should be remembered. Perhaps the most outspoken casualty of Newman's arrival was Don Taylor, a highly successful producer/director who found himself stifled and, he alleged, blacklisted by Newman.
From humble working-class origins in East London, Taylor (30 June 1936-11 November 2003) won a scholarship to grammar school, and then to Oxford in 1955. There he studied literature and became involved with student theatre, both acting and directing. He secured the notable coup of directing the first production of John Osborne's Epitaph for George Dillon in 1957. Graduating in 1958, he joined the Oxford Playhouse as assistant to the theatre's director, Frank Hauser. Although he was effectively an errand boy, Taylor found the experience of the theatrical life invaluable. After six months, Hauser pushed Taylor out, telling him: "Sell your body if necessary, but find some way of your own to write and direct."1 A spell as a supply teacher followed while Taylor failed to break into the theatre. Read more... (5752 words, 2 images)
Posted on 15 April, 2010 27 July, 2018 by adminPosted in Biographies, Oliver WakeTagged Biographies, David Mercer, David Rose, Doctor Who, Don Taylor, Fay Weldon, Michael Barry, Nigel Kneale, Scotland Yard, Shakespeare, Sydney Newman1 Comment
Iain MacCormick
This piece was substantially revised and updated in 2013.
When people talk about the pioneers of television writing in Britain, they invariably mention those who made their reputations in the 1960s, such as Dennis Potter and John Hopkins. However, in the 1950s, Iain MacCormick was recognised as the first writer to make a name specifically from original television writing in Britain. This essay is an attempt to explain who he was, why his work was notable and why he is now so little-known.
MacCormick was born in Australia 1918 to Scottish émigré parents. He considered himself a Scot also and held a British passport. MacCormick was studying medicine when the Second World War began and he volunteered for service with the Australian army, rising to the rank of Captain. He fought in North Africa, Crete and Greece, where, in 1941, he was captured when Allied forces withdrew. He spent the next four years as a prisoner of war, during which time he took to writing, between escape attempts, and completed a number of plays. Upon his release in 1945 he was sent to Britain en route to Australia for official demobilisation, but he didn't complete this journey, choosing to settle in London. Read more... (5147 words, 1 image)
Posted on 13 March, 2010 5 February, 2017 by adminPosted in Biographies, Oliver WakeTagged 1950s, Biographies, Donald Wilson, Ealing, English Family Robinson, Gideon's Way, Iain MacCormick, Irene Shubik, John Graeme, Michael Barry, The Third Man1 Comment
Wycliffe (1994-98) 31 January, 2019
A Day in Summer (1989) 28 February, 2018
Re-recording live drama: the fallibility of the television drama record 1 January, 2018
'An ideology red, white and blue in tooth and claw': David Edgar's Destiny (1978) – Part 3 of 3 2 June, 2017
'An ideology red, white and blue in tooth and claw': David Edgar's Destiny (1978) – Part 1 of 3 31 May, 2017
James O'Connor 31 March, 2017
Call the Midwife Notes #2: Style and meaning; or, Trixie's fingernails 28 February, 2017
Call the Midwife Notes #1: Why Sunday nights? 31 January, 2017
Giles Cooper 30 September, 2016
Major updates
We often update posts with new information. Here are some of the biggest recent revisions with new research findings:
Underground. Updated in November 2018 with new material and substantial revisions.
Out of This World. Updated in June 2018 with new material, images and revisions,
You dirty old man! Masculinity and class in Steptoe and Son. Updated in February 2016 with new material, images and revisions.
The Good Companions. Updated in November 2015 with more information on the Did You See...? discussion.
Ian Curteis. Updated again in April 2015 with further contributions from Mr Curteis.
Stalingrad. Replaced in December 2014 with a new version including lots of archive research.
Traitor. Updated in December 2014 with new material.
Tony Parker. Updated in November 2014 with new material.
Ian Curteis. Updated in October 2014 with new material including replies from Mr Curteis.
Underground. Updated in August 2014 with new material.
The Creature. Updated in January 2014 with new material including production documentation and audience research. Further updated in March 2014 with new information.
The July Plot. Updated in January 2014 with new material including production documentation and audience research.
Doctor Korczak and the Children. Updated in January 2014, with new material including audience research.
Michael Barry. Updated in November 2013 with new material and a list of credits.
Iain MacCormick. Updated in October 2013 with new material and a list of credits. Further amended in January 2014 with archive research.
Auteuse Theory: A Blog on Women's Cinema
British Cold War Culture
Broad Thoughts From A Home
Cathode Ray Tube
Critical Studies in Television
Dreams Gathering Dust
Feeling Listless
Forgotten Television Drama
Hauling Like A Brooligan
Heroine Addict
Horrorview
Lady Don't Fall Backwards
Movie: A Journal of Film Criticism
Neil Sinyard on Film
Nothing But The Night
Parrot Knight
Potter Matters
Queen Margot and the Supper Club
Real Lives on Screen
Screen Plays: Theatre Plays on British Television
Screenonline
Screens and Stages
Spaces of Television
St James's Evening Post
Televisionforwomen
The Patient Centurion
The Screen Assassin
Thierry Attard's Double Feature
This Way Up
Tim Worthington's Newsround
Wiped News
Words for Sam

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Paths to .jar files inf .bat scripts (windows version) are wrong.
FOR /f "tokens=*" %%G IN ('dir /b %TERRIER_HOME%\modules\assemblies\target\terrier-project-*-jar-with-dependencies.jar') DO call "%BIN%\lcp.bat" "%TERRIER_HOME%\target\%%G"
FOR /f "tokens=*" %%G IN ('dir /b %TERRIER_HOME%\modules\assemblies\target\terrier-project-*-jar-with-dependencies.jar') DO call "%BIN%\lcp.bat" "%TERRIER_HOME%\modules\assemblies\target\%%G"
Similar issuess affect anyclass.bat, interactive_terrier.bat, terrier.bat, trec_terrier.bat scripts.
Thanks Artur, we'll double check this!
Thanks for spotting this Artur! We have committed your fix to github.
Craig Macdonald added a comment - 27/Jul/18 1:03 PM Thanks for spotting this Artur! We have committed your fix to github.


text:
Seas and islands |
China's military bases in South China Sea (Bien Dong Sea) vulnerable to be attacked: report
Beijing has spent years turning islands and reefs in the South China Sea (called Bien Dong Sea in Vietnam) into military bases and airstrips - but such China-invaded territory could be vulnerable to be attacked and nigh indefensible in the event of war.
Rosy Huong
[email protected] December 08, 2020 | 08:47
China's amphibious assault ship sails into the South China Sea (Bien Dong Sea)
US supports promoting international law compliance in Bien Dong Sea
Maintaining Bien Dong Sea (South China Sea) peace, stability a must, FM spokesperson
South China Sea Photograph ( Reuters )
Beijing has spent years turning islands and reefs in the South China Sea (called Bien Dong Sea in Vietnam) into military bases and airstrips - but such territory invaded by China could be vulnerable to attack and nigh indefensible in the event of war, a new report has warned.
The bases are "lonely in the distant sea," and far from both the Chinese mainland and other islands in the vast disputed waters, which span some 3.3 million square kilometers (1.3 million square miles), CNN cited Naval and Merchant Ships, a Beijing-based magazine published by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation which supplies the People's Liberation Army, as saying.
"Islands and reefs in South China Sea have unique advantages in safeguarding national sovereignty and maintaining a military presence in the open sea, but they have natural weaknesses with regard to their own military defense," it added.
China claims almost all of the South China Sea, and since 2014 has built up tiny reefs and sandbars into man-made artificial islands heavily fortified with missiles, runways and weapons systems.
The United States -- which regards China's claims as illegal -- has countered by sailing warships close to features claimed or occupied by Beijing, in what it calls freedom of navigation operations. Washington and its allies say such patrols enforce the right of free passage in international waters, while China argues they are violations of its sovereignty.
Under international law, whoever owns the contested string of islands in the sea will have the rights to all the resources in its nearby waters like fish, oil, and gas. More broadly, whoever controls this sea will also hold power over one of the world's most valuable trading routes -- it hosts a third of all global shipping.
Fiery Cross Reef, part of Vietnam's Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. Photo: DigitalGlobe via Getty Images.
But while the distant bases expand Beijing's control over the area, they are also far from any help in the event of military action. Naval and Merchant Ships gave the example of Fiery Cross Reef, which is 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) from Sanya, a city on Hainan island, just off the southern Chinese coast, and 800 kilometers (500 miles) from the Paracel Islands, also controlled by Beijing.
"Even if the support fleet rushes at the fastest speed, it will take more than a day to reach it," the report noted.
While some islands are equipped with air strips, coverage across the sea is limited, and most jet fighters that could be deployed would struggle to reach another island quickly enough to be effective, expending most of their fuel in flying the long distances between bases. Beijing currently has two aircraft carriers in operation, which could in theory be deployed to the South China Sea, but they too would have to be in range at the time of any incident.
The US Ronald Reagan Carrier Strike Group entered the South China Sea on August 14, and conducted maritime air defense operations in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific. In photo: An F/A-18E Super Hornet attached to VFA 195 prepares launches from USS Ronald Reagan, Aug. 14. (Source: US Navy)
Can China defend the bases?
The bases, the report added, are highly vulnerable to ambush, given their remote locations, and could be targeted by both US and Japanese long-range missile systems, or by naval forces in the region. And even were the islands themselves not attacked, they would be simple to blockade, starving forces of their supplies.
"Island shelters lack vegetation, natural rock and soil and other coverings, and the altitude is low, while the groundwater level is high. Personnel and resources cannot be stored underground for a long time," the report said, adding that any shelters built on the bases would have "very limited" anti-strike capabilities.
There are also other issues which make defense of the islands exceptionally difficult, said Malcolm Davis, a senior analyst in defense strategy and capability at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
"The harsh environmental conditions in the South China Sea -- salt water corrosion, poor weather -- make it almost impossible to deploy anything on the islands in a manner that could allow them to defend these bases," he said, adding that hugely expensive, complicated aircraft would be next to unserviceable "within a week or so on these islands."
He said that while some islands may be effective as shooting platforms, they would be among the first targets if a conflict was to occur in the South China Sea, and it is "just physically impossible to build an island that is essentially defensible" given the type of reefs and sandbars originally there.
"What the Chinese are trying to do is annex an international maritime space, to control and own international waters, and to do that they need to have a permanent presence there," Davis said. "But it is becoming evident that while they may have been enough to make the territorial claim, they're actually not a practical step in the long term because they can't actually defend those bases."/.
Japan, Australia agree on security pact amid fears over disputed South China Sea (Bien Dong Sea)
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison becomes the first foreign leader to meet with Japan's new Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga on Japanese soil on Tuesday November ...
China's Coast Guard bill, a hot topic at South China Sea (Bien Dong Sea) International Conference
At the 12th South China Sea (Bien Dong Sea) International Conference on November 17, the delegates discussed a number of burning issues such as China's ...
Deputy FM: Bien Dong Sea (South China Sea) is a test of international relations
It is a must for relevant parties to step up dialogue and win-win cooperation, and seek peaceful solutions to differences and conflicts in the Bien ...
south china sea Bien Dong Sea China US
Prime Minister Suggests Vietnam, Portugal Raise Bilateral Trade to US$1 Billion
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh has suggested Vietnam and Portugal enhance their close coordination and taking huge advantages brought by the EU-Viet Nam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) to soon raise the bilateral trade to US$1 billion in the upcoming time.
China Pacific Construction Group to Open Representative Office in Vietnam Soon
China Pacific Construction Group (CPCG), the country's largest private builder by revenue, has expressed its interest in opening a representative office in Vietnam, said its founder and chairman.
US Ambassador Discusses War Aftermath Alleviation in Quang Tri Province
The US Ambassador to Vietnam pledges to support Quang Tri province in overcoming war consequences
Vietnamese Designer Debuts Ao Dai Collection in USA
This is an activity within the project "Essence of Vietnamese Ao Dai 2023" promoting Ao Dai culture and natural wonders of Ha Long Bay to international friends with activities such as fashion show and promotional photos at many famous landmarks in the United States.
Bringing Tet to the Spratly Archipelago
There are less than two weeks until the Lunar New Year 2023. The officers and soldiers of Region 4 of the Navy are busy preparing ships and personnel to bring Tet goods to the army and people on the islands of the Spratly archipelago (Truong Sa).
UNCLOS 1982: Vietnam's Contribution to Maritime Delimitation
With the UNCLOS 1982, Vietnam is a successful country in Southeast Asia, resolving maritime disputes with the most diverse tools. During the process, Vietnam has made creative contributions, perfecting the provisions of the Convention on delimitation of maritime boundaries.
More Room to Develop Vietnamese Shipping Fleet
Vietnam's merchant fleet ranks third among ASEAN nations and 22nd in the world.
Bringing Early Tet Gifts to Truong Sa Archipelago's Da Nam Island
As Tet approaches, Vietnamese people throughout the country return home for family reunions. Meanwhile, officers and soldiers at islands of Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelago have been on duty during this traditional Lunar New Year. The naval forces of the Vietnam People's Navy often carry out annual visits and offer Tet gifts to officers and soldiers on duty.
Vietnam to Deepen Cooperative Relations with Indonesian, Cambodian Coast Guards
Within the framework of the "Vietnam Coast Guard and friends" exchange, the Vietnamese Coast Guard and Indonesian Coast Guard (Bakamla) and the National Committee for Maritime Security of Cambodia had bilateral meetings.
Vietnamese Coast Guard Boosts Cooperation with Other Countries
Vietnam Coast Guard exchanges with other countries
'Vietnam Coast Guard and Friends' Exchange to be Held for The First Time
The first "Vietnam Coast Guard and friends" exchange will take place in December with the participation of National Committee for Maritime Security of Cambodia, Coast Guard Department of China, Indonesian Maritime Security Agency, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, the Coast Guard of the Philippines, and Thailand Maritime Enforcement Coordinating Center.
Indian Naval Fleet Pays Friendship Visit to Ho Chi Minh City
At noon on November 30, the Indian Navy fleet consisted of the multi-role stealth frigate INS Shivalik and corvette INS Kamorta docked at Nha Rong port, starting a 3-day friendship visit to Ho Chi Minh City.


On December 1st 2009, the GLP inspection of our Brazilian Agroscience facility in Indaiatuba was successfully completed making Eurofins do Brasil the first Latin American GLP accredited organisation in field, residue and GM trait laboratory studies.
After receiving this Brazilian GLP accreditation, Eurofins do Brasil can perform GLP studies for national accreditations following national guidelines and for import tolerances following OECD/EPA guidelines.
There is no other organisation in Latin America with such a complete scope of services that is able to cover field residue and efficacy studies along with seed testing. The seed testing services include testing for unintended GM traits and events, and detection of intended GM traits in early breeding phases.


By this time of year, I've probably broken most, if not all of my new year's resolutions. I vaguely remembered something about having better work and life balance (ha!) and exercising more (ha ha!) But for me, adopting and keeping new habits is hard, hard work. I decided this time around, instead of feeling guilty about the resolutions I didn't keep, I'll try to take smaller, more realistic steps, or shifts, if you will. For me, the concept of a shift still implies change, but they seem to be more gradual. One of the habit shifts that I hope to make is to have more control over my surroundings. I've moved houses quite a few times over the past few years, and I thought I had whittled my possessions down to a bare minimum. But lately, I've noticed that my space seems to feel cluttered and chaotic. So one area in my life that I really want to work on is clearing out my living spaces and making better use of what I have. It's definitely a work in progress, and I thought it would be helpful to document the process here.
I recently read Goodbye Things: On Minimalist Living, by Fumio Sasaki. The book chronicles the author's journey to a more minimalist lifestyle. He eliminated most of his possessions, and now lives with just the barest of necessities. He reduced his wardrobe down to three shirts, four pairs of trousers and four pairs of socks. In the process of saying goodbye to his possessions, he gained clarity of mind, and control over his living environment.


But anyway, it's Review Rednesday! And even though I totally forgot what we were supposed to be reviewing today, we didn't want to miss it, because it's Hatsu*Haru 2! Yay! Spoilers ahead!
Anyway, it continues to be adorable. I don't really remember the first chapter, except that Whatsisname...oh yeah, Kai...tried to kiss Riko, and as expected, it didn't go over so well. I'm kind of with his friends on this one: seriously, who goes right for the kiss? Especially with a girl that already has a violent track record with him. Very bad idea, Kai. Use your brain. And because Kai is so stupid about the whole thing, his friends resolve to help him! Kai's friends are the best; I love them. And Tora orchestrates a group date at an amusement park by skillfully manipulating Riko's lovelorn friend. Maybe it's because we've been translating so much Kodansha, and for Kodansha Disneyland is THE amusement park to parody, but we were a little surprised to see that this theme park actually didn't resemble Disneyland in any way. Athena thinks they went on coffee cups, but they have that at all the Japanese theme parks. In fact, I think even Knott's Berry Farm here in California has a similar ride that's sombreros.
The best part was the haunted house. I really like how Fujisawa-sensei demonstrated how each of the different teams handled it. What was her name, Ayumi? She was the best. "I wonder if the guys playing the ghosts do it all day, or if they take it in shifts." I think our reaction would have been somewhere between Kagura's and Tora's, commenting on the concept and construction, but maybe also a little scared. There's a reason we haven't gone through the Walking Dead attraction at Universal Studios...and it's that that particular scary attraction seems like it will be high on the gore factor. But I think the haunted house in Hatsu*Haru was gorier than the one at Disneyland, so. It also depends on presentation, though. But anyway, Miki and Kiyo were pretty cute. She's still shorter than we are (but not by much).
Of course nobody was surprised that Kai was scared out of his mind, right? Takaya gave it away, the way he was acting. I wonder what made him decide to go through with it anyway. He didn't even put up much of a fight. That's probably the reason, actually. Fighting it would have been too much effort, and he didn't care that much. Or maybe he thought it would help Kai in the long run. But more importantly, this is where Ayumi starts asking questions, and pointing out how strange it is that the best friend of the most popular boy in school has never been on a date. Her theory is that he has a crush. Our theory is that the crush is Kai. I also have a theory that the crush might be Riko, only because, after he asked Kai who lived at the strange apartment he had to deliver medicine to, Kai never answered, but Takaya knew later anyway. But he might have just looked it up somewhere else. So we'll see how that plays out.
In the meantime, we learn that Riko's beloved Suwa-sensei has a girlfriend. That was pretty funny, too. "I'm so upset, I'm hallucinating!" Pretty convenient coincidence that Suwa-sensei happened to be at the amusement park on the same day as Riko. It is nice that Riko doesn't want to break up the happy couple. I do wonder about Akemi, though. She just seems...not nice, somehow. But maybe that's just because we didn't get to see her for very long.
Anyway, the results of the theme park plot were that Miki now has a potential girlfriend, and everybody else is pretty much in the same circumstances. Except! that Riko is no longer ignoring Kai after the ridiculous kissing incident.
Later, Kai and friends are studying at Kai's house when Suwa-sensei and Riko show up for a parent-teacher conference. I think it's nice that teachers do that in Japan, but it's just another reason I would hate to be a teacher. But this was the best part, because Suwa let it slip that Kai had a crush, right there in front of Riko! Bwa ha ha ha ha ha!!! Kai's friends care about him enough to realize it was a painful experience, but not enough to stick around for moral support. I, on the other hand, am a sadist. It was the best. And Riko, all trying to be encouraging. This is where it got painful for me, because he came close to just telling her TWICE!, but got interrupted both times. Arrrrgh, I wanted him to say it!
There's also a dinner with Kai's family, so we go into all the family situations and how everybody feels about it, with Riko being all sad because she's alone all the time and all that stuff. It's not that I don't feel for Riko, but it just seemed pretty standard, and wasn't really presented in an emotional way, so. The more important thing is that since Kai's niece was rude enough to interrupt one of Kai's attempts to say something, at least she got him to make apple bunnies, which turned into an important clue in helping Riko figure out what was what. And by the end of it, it seemed like she knew who Kai's crush was. Gasp! But it was the end of the volume, so we don't get to find out how she reacted.
But let's talk a little bit about Riko. I think the saddest thing about her is that when Kai kept doing standard shoujo manga hero stuff to her, she kept saying things like how he should do that stuff to a girl he might actually like one day, and she kept saying it in a way that made it sound like she was convinced that she is unlovable. That kind of thing makes me very sad. So hopefully now that she's putting the clues together, she'll start to have a little more faith in herself, and not think, "No, I'm overthinking it. No one would ever fall in love with me." As for whether or not I want her to like Kai back... Well, he does seem to be improving as a person, so I'd be okay with it.
I think that about covers it for the story, but we will talk about the chimi characters! (Did I say in our review of volume one that we would be totally happy to be Fujisawa-sensei's weird American friends who hang out and buy gacha toys with her?) Mostly because 1)the Hatsu*Haru ones are super adorable, and 2)Yu-pon-sensei has designed Noragami chimis. We just wanted to point that out. I think there was some chimi Noragami merchandise in Japan one of the times we went recently, but we didn't buy any. Oh well.
You guys, this series is so adorable. And we just got our comp copies of volume three today! Woohoo!
As for this week's releases, we have...nothing! Looks like we hit another dry spell. Well, it happens. But tune in next week, for our review of My Monster Secret 12!
Today I'm thankful for getting to watch the Sailor Stars musical again, managing to make some progress on this anime, having extra time from not going to Disneyland, Page being super snuggly today, and someone catching a mistake in Noragami in time to fix it. Just more proof that we need a vacation.
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DOJ Investigating Elon Musk's SpaceX For Allegedly Hiring Americans Over Non-Citizens
The Biden regime's Department of Justice last week launched a "discrimination" investigation into Elon Musk's SpaceX for allegedly hiring American citizens over non-citizens.
From CNBC, "Justice Department investigating Elon Musk's SpaceX following complaint of hiring discrimination":
The U.S. Department of Justice is investigating SpaceX over whether the company discriminates against non-U.S. citizens in its hiring practices and said Elon Musk's company is stonewalling a subpoena for information, court documents revealed Thursday.
The DOJ's Immigrant and Employee Rights Section received a complaint of employment discrimination from a non-U.S. citizen claiming that the company discriminated against him based on his citizenship status.
"The charge alleges that on or about March 10, 2020, during the Charging Party's interview for the position of Technology Strategy Associate, SpaceX made inquiries about his citizenship status and ultimately failed to hire him for the position because he is not a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident," DOJ attorney Lisa Sandoval wrote in a court document filed Thursday. The document was a request for a judge to order SpaceX to comply with an administrative subpoena for documents related to how the company hires.
Musk said in 2016 he would like to hire more non-citizens but U.S. government regulations which consider rocket technology a form of "advanced weapons technology" prevent him from doing so:
The timing of this investigation is interesting considering Musk dared to buck the regime last month by speaking out against Big Tech censorship and backing the GameStop short squeeze.
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Q: I2C: 3.3 V and 5 V devices without level-shifting on 3.3 V bus? Do I really need a level-shifter if I use 5 V-powered devices on an I2C-bus that has pull-ups to 3.3 V?
In my understanding the devices will only pull the lines (SDA, SCL) low (to ground) and never drive their supply-voltage to the bus. So I don't see a reason for a level-shifter as long as all devices detect the voltage from the pull-ups (3.3 V) as logical high. That should be the case with devices using 5 V as supply.
In my case I have an IC whose inputs are not 5 V-tolerant as master and I could power my slaves with 3.3 V but using 5 V is easier in my circuit and allows higher (internal) clock-rates for the slaves.

A: This is a pretty old question, and many points were discussed already. However, none of the answers here mention the incorrect assumption that in I2C

the devices will only pull the lines (..) and never drive

In fact, in one of I2C modes, the HighSpeed mode, the master device can actively drive the bus, so if you're considering allowing HS communication over the bus, then mixing voltages might a bad idea:

*

*High-speed IC devices are downward compatible allowing for mixed bus systems.

*In order to shorten signal rise time HS mode master devices have a combination of an open-drain pull-down and current-source pull-up circuit on the SCL output.

*HS IC masters can actually source current to the bus which is referred to as boosting.

*This current source is enabled only (!) during HS operation and just for one master.

Citation comes from an introduction to the HS mode which I've just found here. Highlights added by me.

A: According to version 4 of the \$\mathrm{I^2C}\$ spec,

"Due to the variety of different technology devices (CMOS, NMOS, bipolar) that can be
      connected to the I2C-bus, the levels of the logical '0' (LOW) and '1' (HIGH) are not fixed
      and depend on the associated level of VDD. Input reference levels are set as 30 % and
      70 % of VDD; VIL is 0.3VDD and VIH is 0.7VDD. See Figure 38, timing diagram. Some
      legacy device input levels were fixed at VIL = 1.5 V and VIH = 3.0 V, but all new devices
      require this 30 %/70 % specification. See Section 6 for electrical specifications." (page 9)

Deeper in the spec, you'll see that this \$ 0.7 \times V_{DD}\$ is the minimum logic high voltage:

For your 5V system:
\$ 0.7 \times 5 V = 3.5 V\$
\$ 0.3 \times 5 V = 1.5 V\$
To me, the 3.3 V pull-up looks marginal, especially if any of your 5V devices use the 'new' standard of \$ 0.7 \times V_{DD}\$ for logic HIGH.
Your mileage may vary, but it's always best to be within the spec wherever possible...

A: Cees's answer is incorrect, in particular the "always" and "any". Microcontroller I/Os may need 0.6 Vdd as a minimum for a high level, other have a minimum of 0.7 Vdd, and like Madmanguruman indicates this is the standard for I2C. 0.7 Vdd is 3.5 V at a 5 V supply, so 3.3 V is already too low.
But it's even worse. Voltage regulators often have a 5 % tolerance on their nominal output voltage, so worst case 5 V may be 5.25 V, and then 0.7 Vdd becomes 3.675 V. Minimum input for a high level. If the 3.3 V has a negative 5 % tolerance then 3.3 V becomes 3.135 V. So with tolerances taken into account the input may well be half a volt too low, or 15 %.
So,

So I don't see a reason for a level-shifter as long as all devices detect the voltage from the pull-ups (3.3V) as logical high. That should be the case with devices using 5V as supply.

is an untimely conclusion. Always check datasheets and do the calculation.

A: I feel that the other answers didn't really answer Jannis' question. He asked about using 5V devices on a 3.3V bus (presumably 3.3V MCU). I agree that having the pull-ups tied to 3.3V will be okay, e.g. safe for the master device, since the SDA/SCL pins will only pull down, as he mentioned. Beware that the slaves and master will need to share a common ground (Vss pins equipotential) in order to protect the MCU from overvoltage, but this was probably going to be the case anyway. So Jannis' method should work, without a level shifter.

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01/01/1974 (FR) Drama 1h 28m
"The Return" deals with rural exodus, the return to the land, the antagonism between two worlds: that of urban dwellers and of the rural areas deeply rooted in tradition. Ranaivo lives in Antananarivo. To make ends meet, he sells ice lollies. his father, Ratovo, comes to the capital to ask for his son's help. he needs money to organize the turning of the dead ceremony. After the village celebration, Ranaivo decides to leave the capital and emigrates to the highlands where everything is open to those who want to get back to the land.
Ignace Solo Randrasana
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Original Title Very Remby
Original Language Malagasy
moving to a city
Mario Gaborović


text:
Ares (; ) ist in der griechischen Mythologie der Gott des schrecklichen Krieges, des Blutbades und Massakers. Er gehört zu den zwölf olympischen Gottheiten, den Olympioi. Obwohl die Bedeutung nicht ganz gleich ist, wurde er später von den Römern dem eigenen Kriegsgott Mars gleichgestellt. Doch stand Mars bei den Römern höher im Ansehen als Ares bei den Griechen.

Deutung
Die etymologischen Wurzeln des Namens sind unklar, vermutlich bedeutet Ares der "Verderber", der "Rächer". Wahrscheinlich stammt die Gestalt des mordenden Ares aus dem bronzezeitlichen Thrakien, sie wird auch mythologisch als seine Heimat genannt. Aber bereits in mykenischer Zeit (1600–1050 v. Chr.) ist er auf dem griechischen Festland nachweisbar und verbreitet. Möglich ist auch, dass er in vorgriechischer Zeit ein Fruchtbarkeitsgott und seiner italischen Entsprechung ähnlicher war.

Mythos

Als ehelicher Sohn des Zeus und der Hera gehörte er zu den zentralen Gestalten in der griechischen Götterwelt. Ares wird als roher, wilder, nicht zu bändigender Kriegsgott beschrieben, der Gefallen an Gewalt findet und mit den wilden Tieren zog, um sich an deren Blut zu laben. Während Athene, die Göttin der Weisheit und der Kriegslist, für den heroischen bzw. intellektuellen Part des Krieges steht, ist Ares eher ein finsterer Gott, ein "göttlicher Raufbold". Im Kampf um Troja kämpft Ares auf Seiten der Trojaner, Athene auf Seiten der Griechen. Es kommt sogar zum Kampf beider Gottheiten gegeneinander, als Athene Diomedes hilft, so dass dieser Ares verwunden kann. Auf dem Olymp wird er später von Asklepios (Gott der Heilkunst) behandelt und lässt sich von seiner Schwester Hebe baden. Ares ist aggressiv, grausam, unbarmherzig und blutrünstig, mischt sich auch des Öfteren aktiv in die Gefechte der Sterblichen ein und stachelt deren Kampfgeist weiter auf. Streit, Plünderungen, Blutbäder, das Geräusch klirrender Waffen und das Geräusch brechender Knochen bereiten ihm großes Vergnügen. Mit den schönen Künsten der anderen Götter konnte Ares nur wenig anfangen. Mit seinen Eigenschaften war er auch bei den anderen olympischen Göttern unbeliebt, ja verhasst.

Obwohl Ares als Kriegsgott bei Göttern und Menschen verhasst war – selbst sein Vater Zeus verachtete ihn –, galt er doch auch, über die Verkörperung des Männern vorbehaltenen Kriegshandwerkes, als Sinnbild männlicher Kraft und Schönheit.

Mythologisch wird dies in seiner Liebesbeziehung zur Liebesgöttin Aphrodite versinnbildlicht: Obwohl mit dem rechtschaffenen, aber missgestalteten Gott der Schmiede Hephaistos verheiratet, fühlt sie sich von Ares angezogen und lässt sich auf eine leidenschaftliche und andauernde Affäre mit ihm ein. Der vom Sonnengott Helios davon unterrichtete eifersüchtige Ehemann bringt all seine Handwerkskunst auf und schmiedet ein unsichtbares unzerreißbares Netz, mit dem er beide in flagranti erwischt. Die so Übertölpelten werden den herbeigerufenen Göttern vorgeführt. Diese aber entrüsten sich nicht, sondern brechen, auf Hephaistos' Kosten, in ein homerisches Gelächter aus.

Eros, der mit Pfeil und Bogen bewaffnete Liebesgott, wird als gemeinsamer Sohn von Ares und Aphrodite angesehen. Des Weiteren werden dieser Verbindung Anteros (Gott der Gegenliebe) und Harmonia (Göttin der Eintracht) zugesprochen sowie seine wichtigsten Begleiter, die Götter Deimos (Gott des Grauens), Phobos (Gott der Furcht) und Enyalios (Gott des Kampfes).

Wie anderen Göttern auch, werden ihm zahlreiche Liebschaften innerhalb und auch außerhalb der Welt der Unsterblichen nachgesagt. So werden unter anderem die ihn ständig begleitende Göttin des Neides und der Zwietracht Eris, die Göttin der Morgenröte Eos und etliche Sterbliche erwähnt.

Die kriegerischen und ebenfalls nahe Thrakien angesiedelten Amazonen wurden mit Ares als Stammvater in Verbindung gebracht.

Kult
Anders als seine römische Entsprechung wurde Ares kaum kultisch verehrt, galt doch bereits jeder Krieg – den die Griechen oft auch miteinander führten – als eine Huldigung für ihn. Als seltene und berühmteste Ausnahme kultischer Orte ist hier der Areopag zu nennen, dessen Namenspate er ist, wobei dies ebenfalls mythologisch begründet wird. Andere Kultstätten sind in Ätolien, Thessalien oder Athen zu finden; im peloponnesischen Hermione stand eine Kultstatue von ihm.

Darstellung
Als unbeliebter Gott war er selten Gegenstand in der Kunst, anders seine römische Entsprechung. Ares' Symbole sind: brennende Fackel, Hund und Geier sowie für einen Kriegsgott typisch Schwert, Helm und Schild.

Trivia
Nach Ares benannt ist der griechische Sportclub Aris Thessaloniki. Ares ist auch der Titel einer Netflix-Serie, sowie des Schweizer Politthrillers "Ares: kein Fall für Carl Brun" von Monika Hausammann.

Literatur
 Irmgard Beck: Ares in Vasenmalerei, Relief und Rundplastik (= Archäologische Studien. Band 7). Lang, Frankfurt a. M. u. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8067-6.

 Herbert Jennings Rose: Griechische Mythologie. Ein Handbuch. Beck, München 1974, ISBN 3-406-02526-9.

Weblinks

 Ares. In: Theoi Project (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Griechische Gottheit
Kriegsgottheit
Männliche Gottheit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Care2 Causes | Exposing Syrian Atrocities to the World
Exposing Syrian Atrocities to the World
By: Care2 Causes Editors
About Care2
Follow Care2 at @care2
Written by Rami Jarah, Activists News Association
In early 2011, tens of thousands of Syrian citizens took to the streets in a joint call demanding freedom and democracy. The Syrian government retaliated brutally with its security apparatus indiscriminately opening fire at large crowds. Protesters were shot dead in the streets, others were arrested and in many cases subject to severe torture. The government's actions sparked an uprising across the country where demonstrations in one spot alone have reached as many as half a million protesters.
The international media has been banned from entering Syria in an attempt by the government to prevent the world from seeing the atrocities committed against civilians. Media in Syria is state-controlled and conveys to the public that terrorists are behind the uprising and that this is a foreign plot to destabilize the country.
This is where citizen journalists come in. Thousands of activists across the country have taken up spontaneous journalism by filming and reporting what they see around them.
Rami Jarah
The Activists News Association (ANA) is an organization formed to support those citizen journalists. Its makeshift office in the Cairo consists of a number of activists coordinating with over 350 citizen journalists across Syria. ANA works on providing activists with the equipment and services they need in order to continue and improve the process of evidencing and publicizing the ongoing events.
For example, in Baba Amr, an area of Homs in Syria that recently went under siege by regime forces, thousands of soldiers in tanks were deployed to surround the area, and all communications were taken out in addition to electricity and water as regime forces then shelled residential homes, killing hundreds. Local activists choose to risk their lives by documenting these crimes and conveying to the world exactly what is happening.
ANA is currently undergoing a number of tasks, one of which is establishing a radio station that will be broadcasted online on the official website which is now under construction and will then expand by shifting to terrestrial radio across Syria to hopefully become the only non-state-controlled media establishment in the country.
The most important resource for citizen journalists is equipment — cameras, satellite phones, modems, etc. These ensure that journalists are still able to report, even when their area has been taking offline by the government, which was the case in Baba Amr. ANA now publishes in 4 languages — English, Spanish, Arabic and Italian — and will soon expand to Russian, German, French and Persian.
We are an independent organization that will not stand for any political affiliation, as this would affect our neutralism and honesty. We have not and will not accept funding from any political groups.
Follow Rami on twitter @AlexanderPageSY
Email Cache Shows Assads' Luxurious Lifestyle While Syria Burns
The Syrian Uprising Began a Year Ago
UN Humanitarian Chief Visits Baba Amr: What Happened to Its Residents?
Top photo from #SyriaMarch15 via Facebook
Be an informed activist.
Get fact-based insights about newsworthy causes delivered daily to your inbox.
KS Goh7 years ago
Past Member 7 years ago
I think you are confused. The Syrian government IS legitimate. It is endorsed by universal suffrage in Syria itself (look up Syria in the CIA Factbook) and recognised internationally. That a government defends itself from armed rebels in any way it can does not delegitimise it - is the government of the USI somehow delegitimised because of massacres (Waco, Ohio and the rest)? Indeed, the Syrian government has not committed massacres. As for journalists, the government of peace loving Syria is simply doing what the government of the Zionist Entity has done during war or civil disturbance and made areas off limits to journalists for their own protection. Furthermore, some governments, again such as that of the Entity, censor reports prior to allowing them abroad. Syria has not done this. Finally, there are journalists in Syria. I have seen reports from them - and some are extremely tendentious.
daniel casey7 years ago
@ John D;
If Al-Assad's government is so legitimate, they why would they ban foreign media from entering the country? If they are doing nothing wrong, why hide it? Why would they shell entire districts of towns indiscriminately, knowing that civillians are still occupying residential buildings?
Donna Hamilton7 years ago
Noted.Thanks for posting.
Noted. Thanks for posting.
silja salonen7 years ago
and world continues to talk
just that talk
Chandra C7 years ago
And the Syrian government is still in power.......
"The most important resource for citizen journalists is equipment — cameras, satellite phones, modems, etc. These ensure that journalists are still able to report, even when their area has been taking offline by the government, which was the case in Baba Amr. ANA now publishes in 4 languages — English, Spanish, Arabic and Italian — and will soon expand to Russian, German, French and Persian.
Right, so it is, all of that is important.
"We are an independent organization that will not stand for any political affiliation, as this would affect our neutralism and honesty. We have not and will not accept funding from any political groups."
So let's be told where the funding for all these lovely things is coming from.
Anna M7 years ago
Why isn't the UN do anything about this endless massacre?? What are they waiting for, the whole populations to be wiped out????
Let's see how independant thay are when they start reporting the regular millions-strong demonstrations FOR al-Assad and his legitimate government.


In one of my previous blog, I had written on the different components that make up a composite (composite.xml). In this blog, I will try to go a layer deeper and disintegrate the composite.xml file to explain the different values that need to go into each attribute of the main element tags. This will be helpful in case you are writing your own composite.xml or trying to migrate from SOA10g versions to 11g. I will be concentrating more on the service and references tags in this write-up.
First we will see how a synchronous service is represented in a composite.xml.
<interface.wsdl interface="[Namespace of the Service as defined in the wsdl]#wsdl.interface[Name of the Request PortType as per the WSDL]"
The attributes corresponding to each element is explained below.
Now we will see how an Asynchronous service is represented in a composite.xml.
In case if you are not finding the response port of the service then wsdl.endpoint can be given as [Name of the Porttype element as given in the WSDL]_ep.
Now we will see how an Synchronous reference service is represented in a composite.xml.
Now we will see how an Asynchronous reference service is represented in a composite.xml.
interface="[Namespace of the Reference Service as defined in the wsdl]#wsdl.interface[Name of the Request PortType as per the Reference WSDL]"
In case if you are not finding the response port of the service then wsdl.endpoint can be given as [Name of the Porttype element as given in the Reference WSDL]_ep.


text:
Q: What can i do with a low And Old spec computer? I just rebuilt a computer, 512 Mbs of ram,180Gb,Intel Pentium 3,
should i install xubuntu? would it make it any faster?
i would like to use it for basic browsing,homework,All of that mostly online/In the cloud.
Thanks for your answers in advance.

A: It should just work - the specs are here.

Ubuntu Desktop Edition

*

*700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)

*512 MiB RAM (system memory)

*5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)

*VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution

*Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media

*Internet access is helpful

As long as the processor is somewhere above 500Mhz, it should work, just not very quickly.

A: If you want to stick to ubuntu flavours, then try Lubuntu.  That generally runs well on lower spec, and will be quicker.  However, for real speed on such a machine give Puppy Linux a try.  Go on, don't be scared.  It's easy!


text:
import _Vue from "vue";
import {ColorModifiers, GlobalPositions, SizesModifiers} from "./helpers";

// Component base definition
export class BComponent extends _Vue {
    // Simple catch-all to allow any prop/type
    [key: string]: any
}

export declare type BuefyConfig = {
    defaultContainerElement?: string,
    defaultIconPack?: string;
    defaultIconComponent?: string;
    defaultIconPrev?: string;
    defaultIconNext?: string;
    defaultLocale?: undefined | string | string[],
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    defaultSnackbarDuration?: number;
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    defaultTooltipType?: ColorModifiers;
    defaultTooltipAnimated?: boolean;
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    defaultInputAutocomplete?: string;
    defaultDateFormatter?: Function;
    defaultDateParser?: Function;
    defaultDateCreator?: Function;
    defaultDayNames?: string[];
    defaultMonthNames?: string[];
    defaultFirstDayOfWeek?: number;
    defaultUnselectableDaysOfWeek?: number[];
    defaultTimeFormatter?: Function;
    defaultTimeParser?: Function;
    defaultModalCanCancel?: string[];
    defaultModalScroll?: string;
    defaultDatepickerMobileNative?: boolean;
    defaultTimepickerMobileNative?: boolean;
    defaultNoticeQueue?: boolean;
    defaultInputHasCounter?: boolean;
    defaultTaginputHasCounter?: boolean;
    defaultUseHtml5Validation?: boolean;
    defaultDropdownMobileModal?: boolean;
    defaultFieldLabelPosition?: 'inside' | 'on-border';
    defaultDatepickerYearsRange?: number[];
    defaultDatepickerNearbyMonthDays?: boolean;
    defaultDatepickerNearbySelectableMonthDays?: boolean;
    defaultDatepickerShowWeekNumber?: boolean;
    defaultClockpickerHoursLabel?: string;
    defaultClockpickerMinutesLabel?: string;
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    defaultButtonRounded?: boolean;
    defaultSwitchRounded?: boolean;
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    defaultTabsExpanded?: boolean;
    defaultTabsAnimated?: boolean;
    defaultTabsType?: string;
    defaultLinkTags?: string[];
    defaultImageWebpFallback?: string,
    defaultImageLazy?: boolean,
    defaultImageResponsive?: boolean,
    defaultImageRatio?: string,
    defaultImageSrcsetFormatter?: Function,
    customIconPacks?: any;
};

export declare type BDialogConfig = {
    /**
     * Dialog title
     */
    title?: string;

    /**
     * Message text
     */
    message: string | any[];

    /**
     * Adds an icon on the left side depending on the type or icon
     */
    hasIcon?: boolean;

    /**
     * Icon name if hasIcon, optional
     */
    icon?: string;

    /**
     * Icon pack to use if hasIcon, optional
     */
    iconPack?: string;

    /**
     * Dialog\'s size, optional
     */
    size?: SizesModifiers;

    /**
     * Custom animation (transition name)
     */
    animation?: string;

    /**
     * Text of the confirm button
     */
    confirmText?: string;

    /**
     * Text of the cancel button
     */
    cancelText?: string;

    /**
     * Can close dialog by clicking cancel button, pressing escape or clicking outside
     */
    canCancel?: boolean | Array<'escape' | 'button' | 'outside'>;

    /**
     * Turning this prop into false allows to make async requests in onConfirm callback
     */
    closeOnConfirm?: boolean;

    /**
    * DOM element the dialog will be created on.
    * Note that this also changes the position of the dialog from fixed
    * to absolute. Meaning that the container should be fixed.
    */
    container?: string;

    /**
     * Callback function when the confirm button is clicked
     */
    onConfirm?: (value: string, dialog: BComponent) => any;

    /**
     * Callback function when the dialog is canceled (cancel button is clicked / pressed escape / clicked outside)
     */
    onCancel?: () => any;

    /**
     * Type (color) of the confirm button (and the icon if hasIcon)
     */
    type?: ColorModifiers;

    /**
     * clip to remove the <body> scrollbar, keep to have a non scrollable scrollbar
     * to avoid shifting background, but will set <body> to position fixed, might break some layouts
     */
    scroll?: 'clip' | 'keep';

    /**
     * Focus on confirm or cancel button (when dialog is not prompt)
     */
    focusOn?: 'confirm' | 'cancel';

    /**
     * Trap focus inside the dialog.
     */
    trapFocus?: boolean;

    /**
     * Role attribute to be passed to modal container for better accessibility.
     */
    ariaRole?: 'dialog' | 'alertdialog';

   /**
    * Aria label attribute to be passed to modal container for better accessibility.
    */
   ariaLabel?: string;

   /**
    * Improve accessiblity when enabled.
    */
   ariaModal?: boolean;

   /**
    * CSS classes to be applied on modal
    */
   customClass?: string;
}
type BPromptDialogConfig = BDialogConfig & {
    /**
     * Prompt only: input's attributes
     */
    inputAttrs?: any;
};
export declare const DialogProgrammatic: {
    alert: (params: BDialogConfig | string) => BComponent;
    confirm: (params: BDialogConfig) => BComponent;
    prompt: (params: BPromptDialogConfig) => BComponent;
}

export class BLoadingComponent extends BComponent {
    close: () => any
}
declare type BLoadingConfig = {
    /**
     * Element to be injected
     */
    container?: any;

    /**
     * Loader will overlay the full page
     */
    isFullPage?: boolean;

    /**
     * Custom animation (transition name)
     */
    animation?: string;

    /**
     * Can close Loading by pressing escape or clicking outside
     */
    canCancel?: boolean;

    /**
     * Callback function to call after user canceled
     */
    onCancel?: () => any;
}
export declare const LoadingProgrammatic: {
    open: (params: BLoadingConfig) => BLoadingComponent;
}

export class BModalComponent extends BComponent {
    close: () => any
}
declare type BModalConfig = {
    /**
     * Component to be injected, used to open a component modal programmatically
     */
    component?: typeof _Vue;

    /**
     * Parent component of the modal, required if using component
     */
    parent?: _Vue;

    /**
     * Props to be binded to the injected component
     */
    props?: any;

    /**
     * Events to be binded to the injected component
     */
    events?: {
        [index: string]: Function
    };

    /**
     * HTML content
     */
    content?: string;

    /**
     * Width of the Modal
     */
    width?: string | number;

    /**
     * If your modal content has a .modal-card as root
     */
    hasModalCard?: boolean;

    /**
     * Custom animation (transition name)
     */
    animation?: string;

    /**
     * Can close Modal by clicking 'X', pressing escape or clicking outside
     */
    canCancel?: boolean | Array<any>;

    /**
     * Callback function to call after user canceled
     */
    onCancel?: () => any;

    /**
     * clip to remove the  scrollbar, keep to have a non scrollable scrollbar
     */
    scroll?: 'clip' | 'keep';

    /**
     * Display modal as full screen
     */
    fullScreen?: boolean;

    /**
     * Trap focus inside the dialog.
     */
    trapFocus?: boolean;

    /**
     * Role attribute to be passed to modal container for better accessibility.
     */
    ariaRole?: 'dialog' | 'alertdialog';

    /**
     * Improve accessiblity when enabled.
     */
    ariaModal?: boolean;

    /**
     * CSS classes to be applied on modal
    */
    customClass?: string;
}
export declare const ModalProgrammatic: {
    open: (params: BModalConfig | string) => BModalComponent;
}

// Notice Component base definition
export class BNoticeComponent extends BComponent {
    close: () => any
}

export declare type BNoticeConfig = {
    /**
    * Message text
    */
    message: string | any[];

    /**
    * Type (color)
    */
    type?: ColorModifiers;

    /**
    * Which position it will appear
    */
    position?: GlobalPositions;

    /**
    * Visibility duration in milliseconds
    */
    duration?: number;

    /**
     * Show indefinitely until it is dismissed
     */
    indefinite?: boolean;

    /**
    * DOM element it will be created on.
    * Note that this also changes the position of the element from fixed
    * to absolute. Meaning that the container should be fixed.
    */
    container?: string;

    /**
    * disable queue
    */
    queue?: boolean;
}

export declare type BSnackbarConfig = BNoticeConfig & {
    /**
     * Snackbar's button text
     */
    actionText?: string | null;

    /**
     * Snackbar's cancel button text
     */
    cancelText?: string | null;

    /**
     * 	Callback function when the button is clicked
     */
    onAction?: () => any;
}
export declare const SnackbarProgrammatic: {
    open: (params: BSnackbarConfig | string) => BNoticeComponent;
}

export declare const ToastProgrammatic: {
    open: (params: BNoticeConfig | string) => BNoticeComponent;
}

export declare type BNotificationConfig = BNoticeConfig & {
    /**
     * Whether notification is active or not, use the .sync modifier to make it two-way binding
     */
    active?: boolean;

    /**
     * Hide notification after duration only not programmatic
     */
    autoClose?: boolean;

    /**
     * Custom animation (transition name)
     */
    animation?: string;

    /**
     * Label for the close button, to be read by accessibility screenreaders.
     */
    ariaCloseLabel?: string;

    /**
     * Adds an 'X' button that closes the notification
     */
    closable?: boolean;

    /**
     * Adds an icon on the left side
     */
    hasIcon?: boolean;

    /**
     * Icon name to use with has-icon
     */
    icon?: string;

    /**
     * Icon pack to use
     */
    iconPack?: string;
}
export declare const NotificationProgrammatic: {
    open: (params: BNotificationConfig | string) => BNoticeComponent;
}

export declare const ConfigProgrammatic: {
    getOptions: () => BuefyConfig
    setOptions: (params: BuefyConfig) => any
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub