text:
\section{Introduction}
Supersymmetry has been playing a special role in the study of quantum properties of gravity, mainly because of its beneficial effects in taming ultraviolet divergences in the quantum theory. Related to this, the existence of an amount of supersymmetry preserved by a supergravity vacuum solution was shown to imply the stability of the latter, by virtue of positive-energy theorems \cite{Witten:1981mf, Breitenlohner:1982jf, Gibbons:1983aq}.\par
An open question arises as to whether, in a theory with a maximally-supersymmetric vacuum, supersymmetry of a non-vacuum solution can prevent it from decaying into a non-supersymmetric one. A necessary condition for this to occur is that the free-energy of the former exceeds that of the latter. Remarkably, in this letter, we find that, for a specific class of supergravity theories \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}, a supersymmetric hairy black hole whose thermodynamic free energy exceeds that of a non-supersymmetric Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m-AdS extremal solution within the same canonical ensemble, defined by fixed common values of their charges.\par
Phase transitions between different gravitational solutions are well known to take place and date back to the article of Hawking and Page \cite{Hawking:1982dh}. Theories with scalars are particularly suited to provide a setup where second order phase transitions can occur. This happens because the scalar field does not provide an extra conserved charge, while, at the same time, it modifies the space of solutions in such a way as to allow a hairy black hole configuration \cite{Martinez:2004nb,Hartnoll:2008vx,Anabalon:2012sn}. Hence, for the same values of the charges, there are at least two solutions, the hairy and the bald black hole. A second order phase transition can take place if these phases can coexist, and a first order phase transition would happen whenever they feature different free energies. The main objective of this paper is to apply these concepts to the stability of supersymmetric solutions. We would like to remark that the coexistence of supersymmetric phases was recently spotted in the absence of scalar fields in \cite{Anabalon:2021tua}.\par
The class of models that will be considered here belongs to four-dimensional, $\N=2$ gauged supergravity coupled to one vector multiplet in the presence of an abelian Fayet-Iliopoulos dyonic gauging. These models differ in the geometry of the scalar manifold, whose prepotential depends on the complex scalar through a power-law defined by a parameter $\nu$ \cite{Anabalon:2017yhv,Anabalon:2020pez}%
\footnote{%
for certain values of $\nu$, single-scalar truncations of these models are also truncations \cite{Anabalon:2020pez} of a gauged maximal supergravity \cite{deWit:1981sst,deWit:1982bul,DallAgata:2012mfj,Trigiante:2016mnt,Gallerati:2016oyo}.
}.
Static hairy single-scalar black holes within these models were recently constructed and studied in \cite{Anabalon:2017yhv,Anabalon:2020pez}. In the BPS limit \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}, such solutions are related to the class of black holes considered in \cite{Cacciatori:2009iz,Hristov:2010eu,Hristov:2010ri,Hristov:2011ye, Toldo:2012ec,Chow:2013gba,Gnecchi:2013mja,Gnecchi:2013mta,Lu:2014fpa, Chimento:2015rra,Klemm:2015xda,Faedo:2015jqa,Hristov:2018spe,Gallerati:2019mzs, Daniele:2019rpr,Anabalon:2020qux}.\par
In this work, we consider the electrically-charged, single-scalar BPS black holes of \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}, as well as extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m-AdS black holes \cite{Romans:1991nq}, characterized by the same values of the charges. In AdS, when the horizon is compact and locally hyperbolic, the electrically charged black holes without scalars are never supersymmetric when there is no magnetic charge. Therefore, our set-up can support both supersymmetric and SUSY broken phases and so it is suitable for investigating possible quantum phase transitions. We show that for certain values of the parameters defining the model under consideration, for hyperbolic horizons the free-energy of the hairy solution exceeds the one of the (non-supersymmetric) extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m-AdS. This hints towards an instability of the former supersymmetric solution, unless some kind of selection rule is at work to prevent its decay. We shall further elaborate on this result and its interpretations in Discussion section.

\section{The model}
We are going to consider the simplest supersymmetric model with electromagnetic fields that would allow to have more than one black hole solution for the same boundary conditions. To this end, we need one scalar field and, therefore, supersymmetry requires the introduction of two gauge fields \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}. Furthermore, in order to make contact with M-theory, we need the model to be a subsector of the maximal supergravity in four dimensions. A minimal model that satisfies all these requirements is given by the action
\begin{equation}
\mathscr{S}=\frac{1}{8\pi G}\,\int{\!
    d^4x\;\eD\left(-\,\frac{R}{2}\,+\,\frac{\partial_{\mu}\phi\,\partial^{\mu}\phi}{2}
    \,-\,\frac{1}{4}\,e^{(-1+\nu)\,\ell\,\phi}\,\left(F^{1}\right)^{2}
    -\frac{1}{4}\,e^{-(1+\nu)\,\ell\,\phi}\,\left(F^{2}\right)^{2}
    -\,V(\phi)\right)}\,,
\label{Lag}
\end{equation}
with the potential
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
V(\phi):=\,&-\frac{\alpha^2}{\nu^2}
    \,\left(\frac{(\nu-1)(\nu-2)}{2}\,e^{-\phi\,\ell\,(\nu+1)}+2(\nu^2-1)\,e^{-\phi\,\ell}
    +\frac{(\nu+1)(\nu +2)}{2}\,e^{\phi\,\ell\,(\nu-1)}\right)+
\\
    &+\frac{\alpha^2-L^{-2}}{\nu^2}\,\left(\frac{(\nu-1)(\nu-2)}{2}
    \,e^{\phi\,\ell\,(\nu+1)}+2(\nu^2-1)\,e^{\phi\,\ell}
    +\frac{(\nu+1)(\nu+2)}{2}\,e^{-\phi\,\ell\,(\nu-1)}\right)\,,
\label{VDmodel}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ controls the strength of the dyonic gauging and
\begin{equation}
F_{\mu\nu}^{\Lambda}=\partial_{\mu}A_{\nu}^{\Lambda}-\partial_{\nu}A_{\mu}^{\Lambda}\,,
\qquad\quad
\ell=\nu^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{2\,\nu^2}{\nu^2-1}}\,.
\end{equation}
The $\nu$ parameter, $\abs{\nu}>1$, is a real parameter that interpolates between all the single dilaton truncations of the maximal $\SO(8)$ supergravity in four dimensions. These truncations break $\SO(8)$ as follows:
\begin{equation}
\begin{alignedat}{3}
\nu=\frac{4}{3} & \;\;\rightarrow\quad && \SO(7) \,,             \\[0.5ex]
\nu=2           & \;\;\rightarrow\quad && \SO(6)\times\SO(2) \,, \\[1ex]
\nu=4           & \;\;\rightarrow\quad && \SO(5)\times\SO(3) \,, \\[1ex]
\nu=\infty      & \;\;\rightarrow\quad && \SO(4)\times\SO(4) \,,
\end{alignedat}
\end{equation}
while all the other values of $\abs{\nu}>1$ are $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity
theories.\par
The scalar field potential satisfies
\begin{equation}
V(0)=-\frac{3}{L^{2}}\,,\qquad\qquad
\left.\frac{dV(\phi)}{d\phi}\right\vert_{\phi=0}\!=0\,,\qquad\qquad
\left.\frac{d^{2}V(\phi)}{d\phi^{2}}\right\vert_{\phi=0}\!=-\frac{2}{L^{2}}\,.
\end{equation}
and the equation for the dilaton is
\begin{equation}
-\Box\phi+\frac{dV(\phi)}{d\phi}-\,\frac{(\nu-1)\,\ell}{4}
\:e^{(-1+\nu)\,\ell\,\phi}\,\left(F^{1}\right)^{2}
+\frac{(\nu+1)\,\ell}{4}\:e^{-(1+\nu)\,\ell\,\phi}\,\left(F^{2}\right)^{2}\=0\,.
\end{equation}
Therefore, when $\phi=0$, this equation is satisfied if
\begin{equation}
F_{\mu\nu}^{1}\=\pm\sqrt{\frac{\nu+1}{\nu-1}}\,F_{\mu\nu}^{2}\:,
\label{const}
\end{equation}
which implies that there is a single gauge field when $\phi=0$. Hence, the
Lagrangian \eqref{Lag} has at least two solutions for a given set of boundary
conditions which are compatible with $\phi=0$.\par\smallskip
Let us consider the case when the system is fully characterized by its electric charge and the total energy. In this case, when $\phi=0$, the field equations are satisfied by the well known Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m solution, while when $\phi\neq0$ one obtains the black holes solutions of \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}. In the grand canonical ensemble, when the temperature of the system vanishes, there exist two black holes for the same chemical potential $\Phi$. On the other side, in the canonical ensemble, there exist two black holes for the same electric charge $Q$. Furthermore, the purely electrically charged, extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole is not supersymmetric \cite{Romans:1991nq}.\par
However, the black holes with $\phi\neq0$ can be supersymmetric. Then, the study of the phase transition between these states become a way to study under which conditions supersymmetry is actually expected to be broken or unbroken. In the following sections, we mathematically describe these two states.

\section{The extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole in AdS}
This solution is extremely well-known, for a discussion within the context
of the spherically symmetric case see \cite{Chamblin:1999tk,Chamblin:1999hg}. In general, the spacetime is foliated by \:$d\Sigma_k^{2}=d\theta^2+\tfrac{\sin^2(\sqrt{k}\,\theta)}{k}\,d\varphi^2$\:, namely the metric on the $2D$-surfaces $\Sigma_{k}=\{\mathbb{S}^{2},\,\mathbb{H}^{2},\,\mathbb{R}^{2}\}$
(sphere, hyperboloid and flat space) with constant scalar curvature
\thinspace $R=2\,k$.%
\footnote{%
To compare with our previous paper, \cite{Anabalon:2014fla}, note that the scalar curvature of $\Sigma _k$ has a different normalization.
}
The relevant thermodynamic quantities of the extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole in AdS are
\begin{equation}\label{CHRN}
\begin{split}
&E=\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\,\frac{\sqrt{6}\,L}{9}\:
    \frac{k\,\mathpzc{H}+12\,q^{2}}{\sqrt{\mathpzc{H}}}\,,\qquad
S=\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\,\frac{\pi\,L^{2}\,\mathpzc{H}}{3}\,,\qquad
\mathpzc{H}=-k+\sqrt{k^2+12\,q^2}\,,
\\[2.25\jot]
&q_1=\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\:L\,\nu _{+}\,q\,,\qquad
\Phi_1=\frac{\sqrt{6}\,\nu_{{}_{+}}}{\sqrt{\mathpzc{H}}}\:q\,,\qquad\;\;
q_2=\epsilon_{1}\,\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\:L\,\nu_{{}_{-}}\,q\,,\qquad
\Phi_2=\epsilon_{1}\,\frac{\sqrt{6}\,\nu_{{}_{-}}}{\sqrt{\mathpzc{H}}}\:q\,,\qquad
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\nu_{{}_{\pm}}=\sqrt{1\pm\nu^{-1}}$, while $\sigma_{1}=4\pi$,  $\sigma_{-1}=8\pi(g-1)$ %
\footnote{%
a compact two dimensional surface of genus $g$ is locally homeomorphic to a
surface of negative constant curvature with this volume.}
and $\sigma_{0}$ represent the volume of a two dimensional plane. The extremality condition can be directly checked as
\begin{equation}
\delta E\=\Phi_{1}\,\delta q_{1}\+\Phi_{2}\,\delta q_{2}\:.
\label{First Law}
\end{equation}
The charges $\left(q_{1},\,q_{2}\right)$ indeed satisfy the constraint \eqref{const} with $\epsilon_{1}=\pm1$.\par
The thermodynamic quantities are parameterized in terms of the rescaled electric charge $q$. We shall be interested in the canonical ensemble where the relevant thermodynamic potential is the Helmholtz free energy:
\begin{equation}
F^\textsc{rn}\=E-T\,S\=E\:.
\end{equation}
For a field theory living on the three-dimensional surface
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}\=-dt^{2}+R^{2}\,d\Sigma_{k}\:,
\end{equation}
the field theory extensive thermodynamic variables are related as $X^\textsc{qft}=\tfrac{L}{R}\,X^\textsc{sugra}$, and, for instance, the energy is
\begin{equation}
X^\textsc{qft}\=C\,N^{p}\,\frac{\sqrt{6}\,\sigma_{k}}{72\,\pi\,R}\:
    \frac{k\,\mathpzc{H}+12\,q^2}{\sqrt{\mathpzc{H}}}\:,
\end{equation}
the extensive thermodynamic variables being the same in the supergravity and
the field theory side. Note that we have used the holographic dictionary,
which relates gravitational and field theory quantities $\tfrac{L^{2}}{G}=C\,N^{p}$. Here $N$ is a large number, typically associated with the rank of a gauge group, $C$ is a number which depends on the theory and $p$ a positive number. For instance, it is known that $\tfrac{L^{2}}{G}=\tfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\,K^{1/2}\,N^{3/2}$, with $K$ the level and $N$ the rank of the gauge groups of ABJM theory \cite{Aharony:2008ug,Aharony:2008gk}. We make this remark to emphasize that the supersymmetry breaking presented below is a mechanism that takes place in supergravity and equivalently, via AdS-CFT correspondence, in the dual quantum field theory.

\section{The hairy black holes}
Recently, we have constructed a family of electrically charged non-extremal black holes  in \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}. Here, we express the solutions in terms of the thermodynamic variables $\mu=\eta/L$:
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:elsol}
\begin{align}
&\phi\:=\,-\ell^{-1}\ln(x)\,,
\\[1.75ex]
&\bar{F}^1_{tx}\,=\:Q_1\,x^{-1+\nu},
\qquad\;\bar{F}^2_{tx}\,=\:Q_2\,x^{-1-\nu},
\\[2.5ex]
&f(x)\,=\:\frac{x^{2-\nu}\,\mu^{2}\,(x^{\nu}-1)^{2}}{\nu^{2}}\,k+\alpha^{2}L^{2}
    \,\left( -1+\frac{x^{2}}{\nu ^{2}}\,\big(%
    \,(\nu +2)\,x^{-\nu}-(\nu -2)\,x^{\nu }+\nu ^{2}-4\,\big)\right)+
\nonumber\\
    &\phantom{f(x)\,=\:} +1+\frac{x^{2-\nu }\,\mu^{2} \,(x^{\nu }-1)^{3}}{\nu^{3}}
    \left(\frac{Q_{1}^{2}}{(\nu +1)}-\frac{Q_{2}^{2}}{(\nu -1)}\,x^{-\nu}\right)\,,
\\[1.6\jot]
&\Upsilon (x)\,=\:\frac{x^{\nu -1}\,\nu ^{2}}{\mu^{2}\,(x^{\nu}-1)^{2}}\,,
\\[1.75ex]
&ds^{2}\,=\;\Upsilon(x)\left(f(x)\,dt^{2}-\frac{\mu^{2} L^2}{f(x)}\,dx^{2}
    -L^2\,d\Sigma_{k}\right)\,.  \label{subeq:metric}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}

\paragraph{Boundary conditions, mass and thermodynamics for the hairy solutions.}
This analysis has been done in detail in \cite{Anabalon:2020pez}. In particular, one finds that the boundary conditions of the scalar field are
\begin{equation}
\label{bc}
\varphi_1=\frac{\ell}{2}\,\varphi_{0}^2\;,
\end{equation}
where $\varphi_{0}$ is the leading term in the asymptotic expansion and $\varphi_{1}$ the subleading term. Therefore, \eqref{bc} corresponds to AdS invariant boundary conditions and so the boundary conformal symmetry is preserved. The black hole mass can be read-off directly from the asymptotic expansion of the spacetime metric \eqref{eq:elsol} \cite{Anabalon:2014fla,Anabalon:2017yhv,Anabalon:2020qux}. Thus, the black hole mass is expressed as
\begin{equation}
M_\phi\=\frac{\sigma_k}{8\pi G}\:L^4\,\mu_\textsc{e}\;,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\mu_\textsc{e}=\frac{\nu^2-4}{3\,\mu^3 L}\,\alpha^2-\frac{k}{\mu\,L^3}
    +\frac{Q_2^2}{\mu\,(\nu-1)\,L^3}-\frac{Q_1^2}{\mu\,(\nu+1)\,L^3}\;,
\end{equation}
and we always take $\mu>0$. The temperature is given by
\begin{equation}
T\=\frac{\abs{f(x)'}}{4\,\pi\,\mu\,L}\,\bigg|_{x=x_+}\;,
\end{equation}
where $f(x_+)=0$, while the entropy is expressed as
\begin{equation}
S_\phi\=\frac{\sigma_k}{8\pi G}\:2\,\pi\,L^2\,\Upsilon(x_+)\:.
\end{equation}
The charges and electric potentials are
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
q_1^\phi&=\frac{\sigma_k}{8\pi G}\:\frac{L\,Q_1}{\mu}\,,
\qquad\;\;
\Phi_1^\phi=\frac{x_+^\nu-1}{\nu}\:Q_1\,,
\\[2.5\jot]
q_2^\phi&=\frac{\sigma_k}{8\pi G}\:\frac{L\,Q_2}{\mu}\,,
\qquad\;\;
\Phi_2^\phi=\frac{1-x_+^{-\nu}}{\nu}\:Q_2\,.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
One can directly check that these quantities satisfy the first law of thermodynamics
\begin{equation}
d M_\phi\=T\,dS_\phi+\Phi_1\,dq_1^\phi+\Phi_2\,dq_2^\phi\;.
\end{equation}
The fundamental point for our discussion is that the boundary conditions \eqref{bc} of this configuration allow for the possibility of having $\varphi_{0}=\varphi_{1}=0$. Indeed, the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole satisfies these boundary conditions, therefore it is a  state in the same theory different than the hairy black hole. Let us study now the extremal limit of this hairy black hole.

\subsection{The supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric extremal hairy black hole}
We have found that there exist BPS black holes of finite area only when $\alpha^{2}=L^{-2}$. In this case, the lapse function has a double zero as expected
\begin{equation}\label{k}
\begin{split}
&f(x)=\:\frac{x^{2-2\,\nu}}{4\,\nu^4}\,
    \Big((x^\nu-1)^2\,k\,\mu^2+\big(2\,x^\nu(\nu^{2}-1)+x^{2\,\nu}(1-\nu)+\nu +1\big)\Big)^2\,,
\\[2ex]
&f\left(x_{+}\right)=0 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad\,
    x_{\pm}^{\nu}=\frac{1+k\,\mu^2-\nu\left(\nu\pm\sqrt{-1-2\,k\,\mu^2+\nu^2}\right)}{1+k\,\mu^2-\nu}\;,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
the thermodynamical quantities being related as follows:
\begin{equation}
\begin{alignedat}{3}
q_1^{\phi}&=\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\:\frac{L}{\mu}\,
    \left(1+k\,\mu^2-\nu\right)\,\frac{\nu_{{}_{+}}}{2\,\mu}\,,\qquad
&&\Phi_{1}^{\phi}=
    \frac{x_{+}^\nu-1}{\nu}\left(1+k\,\mu^2-\nu\right)\,\frac{\nu_{{}_{+}}}{2\,\mu}\,,
\\[\jot]
q_2^{\phi}&=\epsilon_2\,\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\:\frac{L}{\mu}\,
    \left(1+k\,\mu^2+\nu\right)\,\frac{\nu_{{}_{-}}}{2\,\mu}\,,\qquad\;\;
&&\Phi_{2}^{\phi}=\epsilon_2\,
    \frac{1-x_{+}^{-\nu}}{\nu}\left(1+k\,\mu^2+\nu\right)\,\frac{\nu_{{}_{-}}}{2\,\mu}\,,
\\[2\jot]
E^\phi&=\frac{\sigma_{k}}{8\pi G}\:L\,\frac{-1+\nu^{2}}{3\,\mu^{3}}\,,
\end{alignedat}
\label{eq:bps}
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon_{2}=\pm 1$. These quantities characterize a
supersymmetric black hole when $\epsilon_{2}=1$, and an extremal
non-supersymmetric hairy black hole when $\epsilon_{2}=-1$. It is possible to verify that $x_{\pm}(\nu)=x_{\pm}(-\nu)$, namely, $x_{\pm}$ is an even function of $\nu$. Hence, without loss of generality, it is possible to assume that $\nu\geq1$. The extremality condition implies now,
\begin{equation}
\delta E^{\phi}\=\Phi_{1}^{\phi}\:\delta q_{1}^{\phi}
    \+\Phi_{1}^{\phi}\:\delta q_{2}^{\phi}\:.
\end{equation}

\section{Canonical ensemble}
In order to compare the hairy black hole with the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m
solution in the canonical ensemble, we set their charges \eqref{eq:bps} at the
same value to match \eqref{CHRN}:
\begin{equation}
q_{1}^{\phi}=q_{1}\,, \qquad q_{2}^{\phi}=q_{2}\,.
\end{equation}
This yields the following relation between the parameters of the hairy
solution
\begin{equation}
\frac{q_{1}}{q_{2}}=\frac{q_{1}^{\phi}}{q_{2}^{\phi}}
\;\;\quad\Rightarrow\quad\;
\epsilon_{1}\,\frac{\nu_{{}_{+}}}{\nu_{{}_{-}}}
    \=\epsilon_{2}\,\frac{\left(1+k\,\mu^2-\nu\right)}{\left(1+k\,\mu^2+\nu\right)}\:\frac{\nu_{{}_{+}}}{\nu_{{}_{-}}}\,.
\label{relation}
\end{equation}
A detailed study shows that \eqref{relation} is a non-trivial result only
when \,$\epsilon_{1}=-\epsilon_{2}$\, and \,$k=-1$. In this case, we find that $\mu^{2}=1$. It follows from \eqref{k} that
\begin{equation}
x_{\pm}^{\nu}\=\nu\pm\sqrt{\nu^{2}+1}\:,
\end{equation}
and consequently
\begin{equation}
q_{1}^{\phi}\=q_{1}\=
    -\,\frac{\sigma_{-1}}{8\pi G}\:\nu_{{}_{+}}\,L\,\frac{\nu}{2}\:,
\end{equation}
which implies that $q=-\frac{\nu}{2}$. This can be used to compute the
difference between the free energies of the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black
hole and the hairy black hole as a function of $\nu$:
\begin{equation}
\Delta(\nu)\,
    =\left(F^{\phi}-F^\textsc{rn}\right)\,\frac{8\pi G}{L\,\sigma_{-1}}\:.
\end{equation}
We obtain that
\begin{equation}
\begin{alignedat}{3}
\nu=1            & \quad\Rightarrow\quad\; && \Delta(\nu)=0 \:, \\[2\jot]
1<\nu<\nu^{\ast} & \quad\Rightarrow\quad\; && \Delta(\nu)<0 \:, \\[2\jot]
\nu=\nu^{\ast}   & \quad\Rightarrow\quad\; && \Delta(\nu)=0 \:, \\[2\jot]
\nu>\nu^{\ast}   & \quad\Rightarrow\quad\; && \Delta(\nu)>0 \:,
\end{alignedat}
\end{equation}
with $\nu^{\ast}=\sqrt{1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}$. Hence, there is a set of
theories where hyperbolic supersymmetric black holes are unstable in the
canonical ensemble, namely, whenever $\nu>\nu^{\ast}$.

\section{Discussion}
We conclude that there exists a set of supersymmetric black holes which can be unstable in the canonical ensemble. For this to happen, it is crucial that these black holes feature an horizon with locally hyperbolic geometry ($k=-1$). We would also like to remark that we have carried out the same analysis in the grand canonical ensemble and we have obtained that, in this case, all the supersymmetric black holes are stable, independently of the topology. The same happens for the planar ($k=0$) and spherical ($k=1$) topologies in the canonical ensemble.\par
Since the geometry of the horizon is locally hyperbolic, we shall further discuss the global features of this geometry, in order to provide a sharper understanding of the phenomenon. To this end, we shall divide the discussion in two cases: the compact horizon and the non-compact one.

\subsection{Non-compact horizon}
In this case, the geometries are actually asymptotic AdS. Therefore, the geometry of the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole has the same asymptotic Killing spinors as the AdS${}_4$ itself. When there is no running scalar field, the only supersymmetric solution within the class of metrics considered here is AdS${}_4$ \cite{Caldarelli:1998hg}. The hyperbolic Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole with non-compact horizon can be then interpreted as an excited state over this SUSY ground state, the latter being reached in the limit of vanishing mass and charge.\par
The hairy supersymmetric black hole has a different set of Killing spinors that are not those of globally AdS${}_4$, not even asymptotically. This means that the supersymmetry algebra has a different realization for the hairy black holes and the BPS bound they satisfy allows the mass to be larger than zero. The Killing spinors of the hairy black holes are a function of the radial coordinate only and, therefore, the algebra has a realization that is similar to mAdS \cite{Hristov:2011ye, Hristov:2011qr}. Hence, it is not unusual that the BPS solution can have a larger energy compared with a non-BPS one, each geometry being actually connected with a different representation of the supersymmetry algebra.

\subsection{Compact horizon}
In this case, the geometries are asymptotically locally AdS. The locally hyperbolic horizon is compactified to a surface of genus $g$ with volume $\sigma_{-1}$. This asymptotic geometry has no Killing spinors at all, so the electrically charged, hyperbolic Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole with non-compact horizon is not connected with any representation of a supersymmetry algebra. The hairy supersymmetric black hole still has Killing spinors when the horizon is compact. Therefore, the configuration that saturates the BPS bound can be more energetic than other geometries, with same charges and boundary conditions, which can not be seen as excited states over a BPS ground state.\par
We are not aware of any observation in the literature in which this instability of the supersymmetric states has been reported before. We also believe that the analysis performed here claims for a deeper understanding of SUSY algebra in the presence of electromagnetic gaugings, following the lines of \cite{Hristov:2011ye, Hristov:2011qr}. It also seems that the electromagnetic gauging plays a role similar to electric and magnetic charges, yielding a new representation of the SUSY algebra. The BPS state turns out to be solitonic in this regard. We leave the clarification of these issues to a forthcoming work.

\section*{\protect\normalsize Acknowledgments}
\vspace{-5pt}
We would like to thank the support of Proyecto de cooperación internacional 2019/13231-7 FAPESP/ANID. The research of AA is supported in part by the Fondecyt Grants 1210635 and 1181047. The research of DA is supported in part by the Fondecyt Grant 1200986.

\hypersetup{linkcolor=blue} \phantomsection
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}
\bibliographystyle{mybibstyle}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Convict John Mortlock – The story of a disputed will
Home → History → Convict John Mortlock – The story of a disputed will
My interest in John Mortlock was aroused when I discovered that his journey as a convict paralleled that of my own relatives, the Shadbolts.
WHERE THERE'S A WILL……
Mortlock Family Tree
John Frederick Mortlock was born in Cambridge on August 8, 1809. His father, Frederick Cheetham Mortlock, had been a partner in the family bank. When Frederick died in August 1838, he left his estate to his brothers Thomas and Edmund, to be held in trust for his numerous children. However, Thomas informed John and his siblings that because their spendthrift father had died £400 in his debt,they would not receive a penny. As the oldest son, John Mortlock wrote to his uncle Edmund, his father's executor, querying the matter and asking to view any relevant documents. He received the following in response;
My dear nephew.- It did not surprise me at all to find your father's property so small, having for years been aware from your Uncle Thomas, that his [Frederick's] sole income, independent of the trust property in marriage settlement, was an annuity upon his retirement from the Bank. Owing to the expenses of his family, I have often been called upon to assist him; and my accounts as executor will show a balance against him. I have no documents to exhibit to you, but a balance-sheet of my receipts and expenses as his executor; but I have seen the deed of annuity. You are well aware of all these circumstances. Your affectionate uncle, E. Mortlock.
Despite this response, or perhaps because of it, John remained unshaken in his belief that he had been robbed. He commenced a relentless campaign against his uncles. In 1842 he published a pamphlet with the colourful title; A Legatee Versus Two Thieving Executors. He also sent letters of petition to the royal consort, Prince Albert. When all such measures failed he resorted to even more direct action. This is John's own account of what happened in November of that year,
'One evening, under considerable excitement, from vexation at being robbed, from disgust at the state of the laws, and from the prospect of neither more or less than starvation, I entered Edmund's rooms in college, and having seized him by the collar, pointed a pistol at his head, and demanded, "whither he intended to give me my property?" He whined out, like the thief in the fable, "I have not got your property." Thereupon I lowered the weapon, and having fired it close to his stomach, released him from my grasp, with a slight kick upon his seat of honour. He ran out of the room, and next morning deposed before the magistrates that, although the skin had not been broken, a considerable bruise had been inflicted. His hypocritical effrontery nearly drove me crazy.'
John always insisted that he had placed a very small charge in the pistol, and that his intention was to frighten his uncle rather than to cause him serious harm. Nevertheless, he was charged with attempted murder, found guilty, and transported to the harsh penal colony of Norfolk Island for twenty one years.
Convict ruins on the harsh penal colony of Norfok Island
It was reported that many of those present in the courtroom were moved to tears by the severity of the sentence.
19th century convict hulk
Eventually , prisoner John Mortlock was moved from Norfolk Island to Van Diemen's Land. In 1853 he obtained his ticket of leave and for several years he earned a decent living as a peddler. However, he remained obsessed with the notion that he had been unfairly disinherited. Against the advice of all his friends he made the terrible mistake of returning to England before his original 21 year sentence had expired. If he had kept his head down the authorities may have let the matter pass, but he immediately renewed his campaign against his uncles. Before long he had been arrested again. While awaiting trial in Cambridge gaol he wrote a memoir.
Memoir of John Mortlock
As well as telling the story of his lost inheritance and of his own experiences as a convict, he took the opportunity to speak out on behalf of others, arguing for change in an often corrupt prison system;
'I emerged from the initiating and most severe stage of punishment through which criminals under sentence of transportation had then to pass, and now may take the liberty to suggest that, as probably it has been found difficult to prevent the abuse of power, entrusted to governors of gaols, superintendents of convicts, captains of hulks, and similar functionaries, a simple yet powerful check on them would be obtained by the periodical publication (at short intervals) in the newspapers, of bills of prison mortality, with reports (specifying the misconduct and age of the offenders) of all arbitrary punishments inflicted at the different places of detention. If full, true, and particular returns, only extending over the last twenty years, could be procured from the penal colonies, and even from the British hulks and gaols, the waste of life, I imagine, would be found to have been very great, owing chiefly to the want of judicious, zealous supervision.'
For all his eccentricity these are lucid, considered statements, not the ramblings of a madman. It is also to Mortlock's credit that, despite coming from a privileged background, he never once placed himself above his fellow convicts, who included some of the roughest, most desperate characters imaginable. Mortlock also realized that many young people had great potential but were born into poverty and introduced to crime by their parents;
'Some who, when children, have been taught and commanded by their earthly parents to 'go out and steal', may be both morally and intellectually highly gifted. Having committed breaches of the law, under circumstances over which they had no control, they are clearly more fit for compassionate instruction than punishment……What is the measure of the guilt of those transported for killing game, or goaded to robbery by famine and destitution?'
Reading this, it seems a shame John did not abandon the fight for his inheritance and direct his passion wholly into the area of social reform.
Meanwhile, there was a great deal of public support for his situation. A petition on his behalf signed by 1,200 residents of Cambridge was received at the Home Office in January 6th 1858. After spending almost twelve months in Cambridge gaol, John finally appeared in court. The Cambridge Chronicle wrote;
'From the position of the prisoner, and the romantic events of his history, the case excited considerable interest; and his gentlemanly demeanor increased the sympathy with which he had been hitherto regarded. On being arraigned, the prisoner was perfectly self-possessed, and pleaded 'not guilty' in a firm and distinct voice. The prisoner wears a light coloured moustache; he was on the present occasion dressed with evident care, and his deportment and appearance were military and dignified.'
To the relief of his uncles, John was duly convicted and in 1859 he was sent back to complete his sentence at a penal colony near Perth, Western Australia .
In 1864 his original sentence expired and he returned to Van Diemen's Land, by now known as Tasmania. At the age of fifty five he was at last a completely free man. Life became quite comfortable for him. He was doing well again as a peddler , and had friends all over the Island. There was an opportunity for him to open a small shop, but all he could think about was Cambridge, and that wretched inheritance;
'In the early part of April, finding that I possessed a hundred pounds in the Hobart Town Savings Bank, another hundred in the Launceston one, besides forty pounds in my pocket, I cogitated upon the propriety of a trip to Europe.'
Cogitation quickly led to the purchase of a ticket. After arriving home he discovered that his Uncle Thomas had died in 1859, and that the Mortlock estate had passed to a cousin, Edmund John Mortlock;
"I ascertained that the legatee (a stranger to me) was a young man about thirty years old, married to the daughter of a London solicitor – the same, probably, who drew up the will.' No doubt the cousin had been warned that convict John might turn up again, and no doubt his heart sank as he read the following letter dated October 1st 1864;
Sir, – having just returned from Australia, I learn from the perusal of the late Mr Thomas Mortlock's will, that you are in possession of my late father, Frederick Mortlock's property, namely, his interest in the bank and real property elsewhere, together with all accumulations. As a matter of form I will acquaint you that my father bequeathed the above-mentioned property to Mr Thomas Mortlock, as a trustee, but that the said Thomas kept possession of it for his own purposes more than twenty years, even until his death, and then bequeathed it to you.
Perhaps you will satisfy yourself that what I have asserted is true, and in that case I feel sure I need not point out to a man of integrity what is necessary to be done. As a matter of form I will also acquaint you that I am the eldest son of the aforesaid Frederick M—–.
I am, Sir, yours etc'
John Mortlock
The reply was so swift and brief that it betrayed a hint of panic;
Sir, – I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this day. As my view of the circumstances of the case is so totally different to yours, I think it would be useless entering into any personal discussion with you on the subject, and must decline from doing so.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant
E.J.Mortlock.
But surely Edmund knew this would not be the end of the matter, and he was right. John spent several days composing his next 'paper dart'. On October 5 he invited his cousin to produce any evidence against his claim on the estate, adding in a sort of veiled threat;
'…allow me to hope that I shall be credited with the intention of inflicting upon you no more annoyance than is absolutely unavoidable in this extremely disagreeable affair.'
For someone who had grown up hearing lurid tales of an unhinged John Mortlock (particularly the shooting incident), these words must have been unsettling to say the least. Having effectively put the wind up his cousin, John then hinted for the very first time that some sort of settlement might be arrived at;
Restitution of what may justly and legally belong to me, will hardly reduce you to poverty. After being nursed so many years, the property will surely bear dividing. However until I can ascertain exactly how much I have been dispossessed of, I am unable to make any proposal. You would not like to hand over everything to me but £5,000 and retire to economise upon that? I have lived for many years upon far less.'
Not surprisingly, E.J.M failed to respond.
John's family tried repeatedly to convince him to give up the cause, but he refused point blank. However misguided he may have been, it is impossible not to admire his persistence in standing up for what he believed to be right. In January 1870 he produced a pamphlet called Perseverence Rewarded by Discovery'. What he discovered I have no idea, but it clearly brought no financial reward. Publishing fees and legal costs mounted, and a year later he was declared a bankrupt and imprisoned yet again.
John Mortlock died in London on June 21st 1882 at 8 Northumberland Street, The Strand, a boarding house operated by an ex-servant of his mother. He died intestate, but with no regular income and after years of costly legal proceedings he had precious little to bequeath anyway. His effects were valued at a meagre £158.18.1d. The money went to his sister Sarah.
However, in John's mind he had left a will. In November 2nd 1881 he lodged an extraordinary document in the probate registry of the high court of justice. It was a mock will and testament, written as though he were actually in possession of the estate he had fought for all his life. He had also arranged to have the document printed and circulated, thereby continuing to champion his lost cause from the grave;
I, John Frederick Mortlock, now residing in Bridge Street, Cambridge, give and devise all my estate at Great and Little Abingdon and in Cambridge to the Corporation of Cambridge to be held by them in trust for the benefit of the inhabitants of Cambridge, not altogether excluding members of the University.
There followed a remarkably detailed list of imaginary legacies and bequests, including £10,000 to the governors of a local hospital, £500 each to various nieces and nephews , £2,000 to the vicar of St Luke's Church in Chesterton (a district of Cambridge) and £100 to his most recent solicitor. John Mortlock always felt that his mother had not supported him either emotionally or financially, and rather pointedly he 'bequeathed' her a paltry ₤180, the amount she had allowed him in the previous seven years.
In a final protestation, John then explained that having been dispossessed of his estate for forty three years, 'I now calculate that I may justly claim with interest nearly £300,000 for the inhabitants of Cambridge and particularly for the poor inhabitants of Chesterton.' He stated that he wanted to be buried in the churchyard of St Lukes in Chesterton, but since the will was not an official document it seems unlikely that this wish was fulfilled.
Strangely enough, the most appropriate 'obituary' I can find for John Mortlock was published in Tasmania, sixteen years before his death. It is contained within an article which appeared in the Hobart Morning Herald on 31st October 1866, advertising the forthcoming publication of extracts from his memoir;
'We presume that there are few citizens of Hobart Town to whom the writer of this book… .is unknown. In fact, throughout the Colony, from Cape Pillar to Circular Head, his familiar smiling face was always welcomed and his company eagerly sought, as he wended his way through the island, bearing with him a package of articles by vending which he was enabled to earn an honest penny. Poor fellow, he was very eccentric, but in the highest degree, honourable, and always cheerful. Everyone knew that he had been a convict, but none respected him less on that account. For besides knowing that he had seen better days; that his prospects had been blighted by wicked relations, which no-one, who heard his story, for a moment doubted; he was a real genuine good fellow, so simple and temperate in his habits and tastes; so respectable in his demeanour; so interesting in his conversation; that wherever he went he was always a welcome guest; from some of the highest in Tasmanian society, to those, amongst whom his fortunes frequently cast him, of the lowest. He appears to have had but one set object of his life. That was, while he passed it as congenially and pleasantly as his humble circumstances would allow, to still keep in view his deep wrongs, with a determination that nothing could shake to get a restitution of his natural rights.'
John Frederick Mortlock may have been a convict and a humble peddler, but records at Somerset House describe his station in life as, 'Gentleman' , which he most certainly was.
POSTCRIPT – Fourteen years after John Mortlock died his cousin Edmund , who inherited the estate from Thomas Mortlock in 1859, sold Mortlock's Bank in Cambridge to Barclays of London. A blue plaque commemorates John's grandfather, who established the institution. A quote inscribed on the plaque suggests that his ancestor may not have been entirely scrupulous in amassing the disputed family fortune!
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO READ ANOTHER STORY RELATING TO TASMANIA, JUST CLICK HERE.
DO LEAVE A COMMENT IF YOU ENJOYED READING ABOUT JOHN MORTLOCK. DON'T FORGET TO COMPLETE THE ANTI-SPAM SUM BEFORE YOU PRESS 'SUBMIT'
On December 11, 2014 / History
Tags: Barclay's Bank Cambridge, Disputed Wills, Inheritance, John Frederick Mortlock, Mortlock's Bank Cambridge, Norfolk Island, Tasmanan Convicts, Transportation, Van Diemen's Land, Wills and Testaments
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Catania Lab
Star-Nosed Mole
Star-nosed moles (Condylura cristata) have extraordinary specializations that make them a useful model system for understanding how touch is represented in the neocortex and for investigating the evolution of mammalian brains and behaviors. Several key features of this animal's sensory system are listed and then briefly described below.
1) Densely innervated nose with 25,000 touch organs
2) A somatosensory (touch) fovea on the star.
3) Visible brains maps in the neocortex.
4) The fastest mammalian sensory discriminations.
5) The ability to sniff while diving underwater.
Click for Video of High-Speed Behavior
Click for Video of Underwater Sniffing
The 22 nasal rays of the star-nosed mole (11 on each side) are shown schematically on the left. The central, highlighted pair acts as the touch "fovea." In a manner analogous to the retinal fovea in visual systems, the 11th rays are used for detailed investigations of objects through touch. Moles can identify and eat a small prey item in as little as 120 milliseconds, placing them in the Guinness Book of World Records as the fastest mammalian forager.
The image on the left shows a single nasal ray under the scanning electron microscope. The rays are completely covered with domed touch papillae called Eimer's organs. There are 25,000 organs on a single star innervated by 100,000 myelinated nerve fibers. The image to the right shows the internal structure of a single Eimer's organ and the associated mechanoreceptors.
When properly sectioned and stained the neocortical map of the star can be seen as a series of dark stripes (Right bottom). Each stripe is the representation of a nasal ray from the opposite side of the star (Right top). Notice the 11th stripe in the brain map is much larger than would be expected from the size of the 11th ray. This enlargement of the tactile fovea reflects its importance, much as the retinal fovea has a large representation in visual cortex.
When diving underwater in search of prey, star-nosed moles exhale air bubbles through their nostrils. These bubbles spread over objects they are exploring, allowing them to collect odorants. Using this strategy a mole can follow an underwater scent trail. This ability came as a surprise, as it was previously believed that olfaction could not be used underwater.
Click here for a recent review of these and other results.
Dr. Ken Catania
Stevenson Professor of Biological Sciences
Lab Phone
ken.catania@vanderbilt.edu
Lab U7224 MRBIII
465 21st Ave South
© 2019 Vanderbilt University • Site Development: A&S Webmaster


This week Jacek Suliga made some interesting findings regarding Swift compile times, John Sundell explains how to test system singletons and Pinterest introduced a tool to generate immutable models.
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Message from the Swift Core Team: each Swift release should focus on a small number of themes. Proposals that support these themes have a much higher chance of being accepted.
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Plank is a tool to generate immutable models by the folks at Pinterest. It is built from the ground up in Swift, an ideal language for this task because of its strong type-safety features and elegant syntax.
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Marco Santarossa explains the Model-View-ViewModel-Coordinator design pattern and how it can be applied to Swift.
Ever thought about running a web server on your iPhone? The folks at IBM explain how you can achieve that.
This document is a little older already but I've recently stumbled upon it again. It is an excellent resource for writing high-performance Swift code.
A Swift proposal for removing the fileprivate access level in favor of reverting to the old behavior of the private access level. This is currently in review and we'll see how it goes.
The proposal for the Package Manager Manifest API Redesign, which has already been implemented in Swift 4.
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ReverseExtension - A UITableView extension that enables cell insertion from the bottom of a table view.


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text:
Denis Burgarella (born 8 May 1960 in Marseille, France) is a French astrophysicist working at Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Marseille. He was president of SF2A from 2008 to 2010. He was president of the J1 commission of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) from 2015 to 2018. From 2018 to 2021, he is president of IAU Division J. (Galaxies and Cosmology)

Education
Denis Burgarella studied in Marseille (Lycée Marcel Pagnol) from 1975 to 1978. From 1978 to 1982, he studied at Université Aix-Marseille II (now Aix-Marseille University) DEUG A (Mathematics and Physics), in Licence de Physique, Maîtrise de Physique and DEA in Computer Sciences. After that, he moved to Nice University where he got a PhD in Astrophysics (actually done in LAM), Images of the Universe (Nov. 1987).

 1984 - 1987: PhD in Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale de Marseille (now Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille)
 1987 - 1989: CNES Post-doc Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale de Marseille (now Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille)
 1989 - 1992: Post-doc PhD in Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
 1992 - Now: Permanent position (Astronomer) in Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

Research
His research works are about galaxy at all redshifts (z), in a cosmological context and more specifically on the formation and evolution of galaxies and the detection, identification and study of galaxies in the early universe using a multi-wavelength approach (Spectral Energy Distribution, SED) via observation and modelling. In Burgarella et al. (2020)). Denis Burgarella and his colleagues have identified and characterised (some of) the first dust grains created from stars in the universe at redshifts 5 < z < 10.
To understand these galaxies, they have developed, with Médéric Boquien and a team to seven people, a code that models the emission of galaxies from the X-rays to the sub-mm: CIGALE, Code Investigating GALaxy Emission). CIGALE is parallelised in Python 3 and is designed to fit large samples of several ten of thousands observed SEDs by comparing the observed data to several 100 million models.

References

Living people
21st-century French astronomers
20th-century French astronomers
French astrophysicists
Scientists from Marseille
Aix-Marseille University
1960 births

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We hope that dream moods will help you make sense of your dreams and achieve a better understanding of them. At thesame time, these symbols can leave you confused and wondering what that dreamwas all about. It provides you with insight into your own self and a means for further self-exploration. In analyzing yourdreams, you can learn about your deep secrets and hidden feelings. In understanding your dreams, you will gain a clearer view on your personal relationships, an uncensored view of your real feelings and a better perspective on life issues.


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2015 Special Circumstance Murder Trial Results in Mistrial
By The Castillo Law Office
After being charged with the 2013 murder of Santa Clara County paramedic Quinn Boyer, Christian Burton has received a mistrial. The jury spent five days deliberating about the teen and were split 7-5 in favor of conviction, even after Burton confessed to the murder.
Attorney Castillo, who represented Burton, presented a false confession defense. He indicated that Burton's confession was unconvincing due to his low IQ and the low credibility of the other teen co-conspirators. Castillo also established that someone other than Burton was involved in the homicide. The independent witness involved in the case described the shooter to be wearing clothes that matched those worn by 15 year-old Nazhee Flowers, not Burton.
By highlighting these facts, Castillo was able to create reasonable doubt within the jury. Jurors shared some of the other reasons they doubted Burton's guilt, such as the lack of his fingerprints in the getaway car, video evidence that showed Burton wasn't involved in a carjacking 45 minutes before Boyer's death, and the fact that Burton's confession didn't align with the other confessions.
The six teens involved ranged from 13 to 16 at the time of the murder. The three teens that pleaded guilty as accomplices to murder in juvenile court will have sentences ending before they are 25. Burton faced the possibility of life in prison without parole. Castillo's dedication and excellent defense has given Burton the opportunity to be judged fairly and avoiding crime convictions he doesn't deserve.
If you have been charged unfairly for a crime and need an experienced and successful criminal defense attorney, contact The Castillo Law Office at (510) 894-6626 to share the details of your case or fill out our online form.
Categories: September 15, 2015
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Hector Reyes is the Residential Lending Market Manager for Central Florida at City National Bank. Hector is pleased to bring over 20 years of lending experience to City National Bank and is committed to providing a best in class experience for our clients. Hector has been a highly successful lending professional in both Puerto Rico and Florida and is fully bilingual in English and Spanish.
Hector is committed to providing the highest level of service to his clients and finding solutions that are in the best interest of the client's financial needs. His knowledge and experience in all facets of Residential Lending has established Hector as a trusted resouce for realtors, builders, and borrowers alike as he works tirelessly to provide the highest levels of professionalism and customer service. Hector enjoys giving back to the community and works closely with industry homeownership efforts to provide affordable housing options for clients striving to achieve their dreams. His ability to work closely with first time homebuyers and our wealth management clients to achieve results makes Hector a tremendous resource for all residential financing needs.
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Associations Urge Congress to Support CERTS Act
Hero Story - News
Jessica Beers Welcomed as Executive Director of Kissimmee Sports Commission
Jessica Beers has joined the Kissimmee Sports Commission, a brand extension under Experience Kissimmee, as the Executive Director of Sports. ...
More than 30 associations have come together to urge Congressional leaders to support the Coronavirus Economic Relief for Transportation Services Act (CERTS Act), introduced jointly by Sens. Jack Reed (D-R.I.) and Susan Collins (R-Maine).
In a letter from multiple industries critical to the United States national transportation network, the group stated that the CERTS Act (S.4150) provides much-needed grant and economic assistance to transportation industries overlooked in previously enacted COVID-19 economic relief packages. With Congress and the Administration developing targeted interventions to support sectors of the economy that continue to struggle from COVID-19 pandemic, this legislation is crafted to meet this intent.
The letter—signed by Peter Pantuso of the American Bus Association, Larry Killingsworth of the United Motorcoach Association, John Groundwater of the Passenger Vessel Association, Curt Macysyn of the National School Transportation Association, and John Costa of the Amalgamated Transit Union—states:
The U.S. private motorcoach, school bus and domestic passenger vessel industries have suffered unprecedented economic losses and furloughed hundreds of thousands of employees over the past 4 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the nature of their operations, most businesses and workers in these sectors are not likely to resume any time soon or only in a severely reduced capacity. Unlike other modes of transportation, such as airlines, rail and public transit, these transportation industries have not received direct economic relief to date, placing them in a perilous position, with many on the brink of closing their doors forever.
The U.S. private motorcoach, school bus and domestic passenger vessel industries, collectively, employ over 400,000 employees and provide diverse, essential and often critical passenger transportation services nationwide.
The U.S. motorcoach industry employs nearly 100,000 individuals and provides nearly 600 million passenger trips per year ensuring vital intercity connections for rural communities, relieving congestion and providing reliable commuter operations for urban areas. Motorcoaches connect people to their jobs, whether those jobs are in cities, mines, farms and other locations. Charter and tour operations are an essential part of the travel and tourism industry and will be essential to help those businesses as the nation recovers from the pandemic. Motorcoaches are also a key element of our nation's defense system and support military troop movements and take people out of harm's way by supplying evacuation services during hurricanes, fires and other national emergencies.
Private school bus transportation companies provide nearly 40% of the nation's school bus service under contract to school districts, employing over 250,000 employees. School bus transportation is the safest form of transportation for students to get to and from school according to DOT statistics. School bus companies have been severely impacted by the pandemic as they have experienced reduced or lapsed payments due to school closures in the spring, cancellation of summer camps and activities and planning for wide variations across the country regarding school re-openings, activity trips and sports activities in the fall. School bus transportation is an extension of the education system and for many, the only way to get to and from school. For 26 million children, their trained and skilled professional school bus driver is the first and last person they see during their school day. It is critical to ensure the continued viability of school bus transportation for these children that rely on the yellow school bus.
The U.S. passenger vessel industry, which in good times carries more than 200 million passengers annually has been literally shut down as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The passenger vessel industry includes public and private ferries, dinner boats, sightseeing and excursion vessels, whale watch and wildlife tour boats, sailing vessels, and small U.S. overnight cruise ships. These small businesses, which are in virtually every port in our Nation, employ thousands of U.S. citizens and U.S. mariners make a significant contribution to the transportation and travel and tourism sectors.
These transportation industries and their employees all provide vital transportation services, playing an essential and critical role in the national transportation network. If these industries fail, it will have a devastating and reverberating effect throughout the entire economy. The impact will affect not only the capacity of the national transportation network, but also schools, national emergency response capabilities, the manufacturing sector, the financial sector, the tourism sector and beyond. All citizens deserve vital, reliable, and affordable transportation services for their daily lives, and require safe and reliable transportation services for their children to attend school and educational events.
Please support this legislation and include it in the next COVID relief package, time is running out for these industries. If we can provide any additional information to assist with this request, please do not hesitate to contact us.
The letter was supported by more than 30 organizations in the transportation industry.
Coronavirus Economic Relief for Transportation Services Act
What You Need to Know About ETIAS
Gaylord Texan Resort Expanding
Flying with Musical Instruments


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Lists Recaps Reviews Interviews Explainers
Ten Must See Acts of KAABOO Music Festival 2015
Wed Jul 29, 2015 at 9:50pm ET
By Kieran MacIntyre
This September, Southern California will get another exciting music festival for the voracious Californian music fans seeking another outing that doesn't involve going out of state. KAABOO Music Festival will take place Sept. 18th-20th at the Del Mar Racetrack and Fairgrounds.
The inaugural fest, which have music, comedy acts,art shows and star chefs cooking up great fare all weekend, will feature headlining performances from The Killers, No Doubt and Zac Brown Band plus a slew of great artists in the undercard representing a smorgasbord of genres. Looking at the lineup (below) alone fills me with excitement to see so many different musicians commingled together for what proves to be a great show. Plus being located in Del Mar will mean that this will be great for San Diegans (ites?) and Angelenos who are willing to leave their massive county for great music that's, really, a short drive away.
Here are our ten must see acts of KAABOO, be sure to grab your weekend pass HERE before they sell out!
1. No Doubt
There are few bands that represent sun baked California better than No Doubt. From Ska underdogs to chart topping Pop Rock stars, No Doubt have been a Pop Culture fixture for the past two decades, plus vocalist Gwen Stefani has incredible stage presence and knows how to put on a great show, that alone basically guarantees that their performance will be one to remember.
2. The Killers
The venerable Dance Rockers have a catalog replete with memorable hits such as "Mr. Brightside", "Human" and "When You Were Young", plus ever since seeing them at Coachella in 2009, I am well aware that their live show is not one to miss. They perform each of their songs with the same ardor as a burgeoning act would and will impress any naysayer who challenges the live abilities of a prolific group such as the Killers.
3. Lewis Black
I know he is not a musician, hear me out, along with scheduled sets from Chris D'Elia, SNL alum (and the goddamn ladies man) Tim Meadows and Comedy Central regular Anthony Jeselnik. Comedian Lewis Black's brand of curmudgeon comedy is nothing to miss, literally personifying anger in Pixar's Inside Out, his shrill outbursts against society at large is absolutely hilarious and will perfectly compliment this festival experience.
4. Big Gigantic
This Future Funk duo is challenging genre and what can be done with electronic music and a saxophone. I saw the duo, consisting of saxophonist/programmer Dominic Lalli and drummer Jeremy Salken, last month and I was completely blown away by their funky sound that bounces across the spectrum of Electronic Music and adroit live show, whether it is Lalli's mesmerizing Sax work or Salken's incendiary drumming, Big Gigantic will answer any questions about great "live" electronic music and will be one of the most rewarding performances of the weekend.
5. The Roots
The fusion jazz/R&B/hip hop/funk outfit are widely known as one of the most versatile groups in contemporary music. Their unique spin on any genre (I highly recommend checking out their reverent tribute album to J Dilla), plus with the ubiquital tastemaker ?uestlove on drums, are a spectacle live. Whether you want some great music to get down to or to just geek out to some of the most impressive instrumental work out there, The Roots are a must.
6. Spoon
The Indie Rock heroes have been making inventive music for over 20 years and continue to put out great releases. From the Texas based groups earlier records to the more recent and much lauded Gimme Fiction, Spoon's storied career proves that they continuously wow their fans with their evolving sound and their perpetual place between cult and mainstream. Whether you want to hear classics such as Post-Punk tinged "30 Gallon Tank" or the catchy acoustic rock tune "I Summon You", it is certain that their live show will offer something for any fans or newcomers.
7. Snoop Dogg
Or is it Snoop Lion? Who cares. The Doggfather is a true legend of Cali hip hop, his career has seen many changes in style, whether into Reggae or Pop (Sensual Seduction is awesome, shut up), wherever it goes Snoop has proven time and time again that he is here to stay and will hold a place in the heart of any listener who respects his place in the legacy of Hip Hop. he may not have the rapacious ambition of Jay Z or the stark hubris of Kanye West, but the weed smoking, parlance altering rhymesayer has transcended obscurity and became a cultural icon, be glad you can see him power through his wild collection of songs at KAABOO, because you probably won't see him in Sweden ever again.
8. Girl Talk
It can immediately gathered that mash-up guru Girl Talk's set is one of the biggest parties you will ever experience. His sample-heavy output coalesced with his penchant for shooting toilet paper rolls out at the crowd makes the Girl Talk show unlike any DJ set you will ever see. His "how-does-it-work" mixes will make any dancing fanatic or music purist boogie down. This unlikely blend of Black Sabbath and Ludacris, plus many other songs atop of those, is a perfect example of what to expect, this will be the wildest party of KAABOO's Electronic Music offerings.
9. Fitz and the Tantrums
"Out of My League" continues to get stuck in my head constantly with it's constant radio play since it's release in 2013, Michael Fitzpatrick's sensational vocals mixed with the jubilant instrumental makes for an incredible hit. Fitz and Tantrums have been playing all over the world since their widely successful debut Picking Up the Pieces, their live show can be described as high energy and imbued with retro ambition. Having seen them twice I can say this is true, their explosive stage show perfectly compliments their Motown meets Indie sound.
10. Ben Harper & the Innocent Criminals
Ben Harper is a modern god of guitar, his impressive blues work reflects just that. Any guitarist will spend hours on Youtube drooling over his mind-melting riffs, his live shows feature incredible jams, stunning covers and ALL OF THE SOLOS. If the solo in the video is not enough to sell you, you need serious help. You would be a fool to not catch Harper with his Innocent Criminals, who perfectly put themselves in equipoise with Harper's out of this world guitar melodies and resurrection of Blues and Soul.
Kieran MacIntyre
Kieran J. MacIntyre is a voracious music nerd of all genres, bass player and the music editor for M&C Music.
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Yeah, I'm on the board and in part I agreed to do that so I could watch it closely. Amazon.com doesn't worry about payment - you do that with a credit card. They don't worry about delivery - it goes through FedEx, the mail.
The key problem that was starting to loom was you need a language to talk to the bank. You had OFC for Microsoft, you had Open Exchange from us, you had Visa with ADMS and IBM with the Gold Standard. That was going to yield all the usual problems of confusion and captivity, so when we set up [the open standard] OFX our goal was to broker all that. So the good news is that'll all happen; there's real progress on connecting people to their banks. And it's not just banks but building societies, investment houses, insurance, tax, accounting, personal finance.
OFX will reach consumers in the US in the Fall and we're building it up to be international. Accounting for the US is different to the UK is different to Germany. We're in a business where you can't just build it in the IS and ship the products worldwide. Americans have always done the same thing. Take the code, translate, and it'll work fine in Germany. This business is highly localised.
So OFX will be built into clients so you can use with multiple banking services?
That's right. What you see now is Microsoft and Barclay's doing a proprietary system. That's the old way. With OFX the stuff will be interoperable.
What sort of services do you plan to support?
We have life insurance you can get on the Web site with all the underwriting information so you can make decisions and we believe that this is the beginning of selling financial services online.
Will people really buy that sort of policy without a face-to-face meeting?
We believe they will if the environments are designed correctly. One example is Direct Line. The largest UK auto insurer is Direct Line and they do it in phone calls that average three minutes. I'm not saying everyone will do it but if only a small percentage do it; it'll be a very sizeable business. Just a year ago when we asked people would you use a credit card on the Web, 96 per cent of people said no, but now you see Amazon.com taking off.
I think you'll see a lot of people going into investment stuff: publishers, suppliers of financial data, stockbrokers... It's not hard to put some information on stocks; newsfeeds are cheap, so is portfolio software.
In '83, '84 when we started there were 30 companies doing finance software. We think we're well known as an impartial client with a great UI. You can build a bad UI really easily on the Web, easier than ever!. Also, having lots of financial services together is a plus rather than being seen as a vested interest.
Can you sell your software over the Web?
CD-ROM is by far the most popular, 75 per cent of our sales. Try to download the contents of a CD-ROM. We're getting a lot of orders on the Web site - we're selling but not delivering. Stuff that works on packaged software... I don't see that migrating.
That's more of an experiment. We think that over time we can put all that tax information on the Internet but the Net's so damned slow.
We've got a lot of things to work on. 30 per cent of UK businesses have PCs and accounting software penetration remains low. Similarly we have opportunities in tax with self-assessment and in personal finance. And as we can add Internet stuff to let you do stuff online that's going to create a new set of customers. We're in a new benefit realm.


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Sri Ramana Maharshi in His Own Words SRI RAMANASRAMAM Tiruvannamalai Edited by: Ramana Maharshi and the Path of Self-knowledge by Arthur Osborne (2nd Edition, ) they refer to the number of the verses, and Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi, in which they refer to the serial number of the Talks. CONTENTS Page PREFACE. inclination to talk, he answered the questions put to him by gestures, and when these were not understood, by writing. As recollected and recorded by Sri Sivaprakasam Pillai, there were This, in substance, is Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi's teaching in Nan Yar (Who am I?). University of Madras - June 30, Om Namo Bhagavathe Sri Ramanaya. Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi. Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi. to sleep soundly. The conclusion is that happiness is inherent in. his Premier in his residence. There he was told that the Premier. Talk M.: By realising the Self. thoughts you will be carried away by them and you will find. Ramana maharshi talks pdfTalks with Sri Ramana Maharshi. Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi. to sleep soundly. The conclusion is that happiness is inherent in. his Premier in his residence. There he was told that the Premier. Talk M.: By realising the Self. thoughts you will be carried away by them and you will find. talks with sri ramana maharshi three volumes in one extract version tenth edition published by v. s. ramanan president, board of trustees sri ramanasramam. These 'Talks' cover a period of four years, l, and were all recorded by Sri Munagala S. Venkataramiah (now Swami Ramanananda Saraswati), a very old disciple of Sri Ramana Maharshi. Though a Telugu by birth he speaks English and Tamil fluently and is conversant with Sanskrit. These are necessary qualifications for one. Dec 14, · Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi Complete Version. Posted on | December 14, | 5 Comments. The "Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi", was first published in three hotelprincipe.top it is issued in an one-volume edition. After having attained enlightenment at the age of 16, Sri Ramana Maharshi left home for Arunachala, a mountain considered sacred by Hindus, at Tiruvannamalai, and . Reflections on Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi external causes. One must realise his Self in order to open for oneself the store of unalloyed happiness." 3 Note: This is plain common sense. The happiness of sleep is patent to all.Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi. The "Talks", first published in three volumes, is now issued a handy one-volume edition. There is no doubt that the present. The "Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi", was first published in three volumes. Here it is issued in an one-volume edition. PDF ebook download. TALKS. WITH. SRI RAMANA MAHARSHI. THREE VOLUMES. IN ONE. Extract Version. TENTH EDITION. Published by. V. S. RAMANAN. PRESIDENT, BOARD . Among the advaitic works of the modern era, Talks with. Sri Ramana Maharshi ranks pre-eminent among them and has been a foundational teaching text for. fields of history, archaeology, art history, military history, and philology. Among the the Present, volume 1, The Anc The Path of Sri Ramana Part hotelprincipe.top - if you are looking
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All hands are on deck for the 'Night of Restoration' by the Cherubim and Seraphim Unification Church of Nigeria, Seraphim Land, Lagos Ibadan Expressway ,Maba, Ogun State, under the able leadership of his eminence Prophet Dr. S.A Alao.
The program holds on Friday, July 20th, 2018 by 6pm at the church headquarters.
The gospel acts coming to thrill are Evangelist Esther Igbekele and Evangelist Bunmi Adeoye Akinaanu otherwise known as Omije Oju mi.


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Saturday, 17 November 2018 / Published in news
A NGO has piloted a closed cycle agricultural technology through aquaponics farming where the food production is not
dependent on constant water supply, providing a perfect match while ensuring food security along with efficient water (re)use. The approach of the project is the generation of products demonstrated through alternative agricultural tool with end- users as vulnerable populations and the production of locally grown, low-cost organic vegetables.
Armenia has two major water sources available for the use of agricultural and drinking purposes; that is, Sevan Lake and the Ararat Valley Aquifer. Currently, Armenia is facing one of the most known global issues of water availability and security. Moreover, Armenia is a landlocked country and has limited access to external sources of food supply. Thus, it is vital for the country to solidify and support internal food production systems.
In 2014, "Green Age" NGO has established a model aquaponics-based micro farm (granted from the Norwegian Embassy in Moscow) in one of the driest villages of Armenia (Armavir Region, village Apaga "https://goo.gl/maps/3iTN0"). The constructed micro farm has successfully adapted to the available market, and currently, is supplying greens to some of the city central restaurants and food centers on 100% of its production.
The innovation is based on aquaponics farming technology that serves as an alternative to soil based agriculture. The technology is based on utilization of minimal amount of water for organic food production (no irrigation), without having any waste water disposal. Thus, the "game-changing" aspect of the initiative is the possibility to provide sufficient food security level with extremely minimal use of water resources. The innovation is also applicable to any type
of rural/urban areas including the cheapest lands (saline/sand soils).
• Producing vegetables through aquaponics farming
• Aquaponics uses 90% less water than a plot of land
• Fully operating small-scale production unit
• Significantly higher rates of production in aquaponics
• The duplication of the technology is highly probable
2018 Renewable Outlook Stable: Renewables Can Now Self-Sustain
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The name of Cintique has become synonymous with British quality and real comfort. Cintique have developed a range of upholstery for people who do not wish to sacrifice style in the name of comfort.
Cintique is manufactured in Long Eaton - one of the traditional centres of furniture making in England. Attention to detail & quality are paramount in the relentless persuit of excellence in design & construction Cintique maintain a strong environmental policy, purchasing solid ash timber from the managed forests of Europe.
Great care is taken in the manufacturing process in controlling factory emissions and reducing energy waste whilst maintaining a clean and organized factory environment for all employees.


Yorkshire (2pts) win by 32 runs (D/L Method).
Glenn Maxwell's 65 from 51 balls steered Yorkshire to a 32-run derby win against Durham on the Duckworth/Lewis method in the One-Day Cup.
Set a target of 225 by Durham, Alex Lees went cheaply with Yorkshire 14-1 but Australia all-rounder Maxwell's arrival settled the run chase.
England Test discard Gary Ballance's unbeaten 26 was enough to seal victory for the visitors when rain returned.
Graham Clark earlier made 42 as Durham posted what looked a competitive score.
Early rain forced a late start for the Group A match and a reduction to 43 overs.
Although Durham eased beyond 200 to finish on 224-7 at the end of their allotted overs, they were foiled by the inclement weather.
Scott Borthwick and Phil Mustard both made 32, while Clark followed up his professional deal with a decent knock.
Yorkshire's Liam Plunkett enjoyed a happy return to his former club with three wickets, while Ballance shrugged off his England disappointment with his effort.
"It was nice to make a little contribution, I could have gone on to make a bigger score but it's nice to make a few runs.
"We felt we played better to start with but towards the end it got a bit two-paced.
"It was one of those pitches that were hard to score on but if you sat on it you couldn't lose your wicket."