The way that you manage servers in Office Communications Server 2007 R2 is dependent on whether the servers are Standard Edition servers or servers in an Enterprise pool.
The Enterprise pools node in the console tree contains every Enterprise pool in the forest that has been prepared for Office Communications Server 2007 R2, each of which includes at least one Enterprise Edition server.
Use the Status tab to view the status of specific settings configured for individual servers, including the general settings, Front End Server settings, media settings, meeting settings, archiving settings, monitoring settings, Address Book Server settings, Enterprise Voice settings, public switched telephone network (PSTN) conferencing settings, and Communicator Web Access override settings.
Use the Database tab to view the general back-end database server settings, retrieve user summary reports, per-user reports, and conference summary reports.
Use the Resources tab to access documentation and other resources for Office Communications Server 2007 R2.
In Available Tasks in the action pane, you can click Remove Pool to start the Remove Enterprise Pool Wizard.
You can manage servers in an Enterprise Edition pool individually and by server role.
Server role settings for Enterprise Edition servers apply to all servers in the pool on which the server role is installed. This is true whether the server roles are installed on a single computer (that is, in a consolidated configuration) or on separate computers (that is, in an expanded configuration). The way that you manage server roles is dependent on how you have configured View Options at the top node of the Office Communications Server 2007 R2 console tree.
In the console tree, right-click Front Ends, Web Conferencing, A/V Conferencing, Web Components, or Application Sharing, and then click Properties to configure properties for that server role.
Note: If you have configured View Options to Organize servers as a list, you configure properties by right-clicking the pool name, pointing to Properties, and then clicking Front End Properties, Web Conferencing Properties, or Web Component Properties.
Front End Properties include server address, routing, compression, authentication, monitoring, Enterprise Voice, video, dial-in conferencing, authentication, federation, host authorization, and archiving settings.
Web Conferencing Properties include meeting compliance and Web Conferencing Edge Server settings.
Web Component Properties include settings for scheduled meetings, meeting invitation, Address Book query, and group expansion settings.
Deactivate a server using the Deactivation Wizard.
Point to Validation, and then click a server, to start the Validation Wizard.
Click Certificates to start the Certificate Wizard.
Front End Properties include server address, instant messaging (IM) conferencing, telephone conferencing, and certificate settings.
Web Conferencing Properties include server address and certificate settings.
A/V Conferencing Properties include server address and certificate settings.
Web Component Properties include certificate settings.
Application Sharing Properties include server address and certificate settings.
Click the Front End tab to view the status of the Front End Server role, including the status of the Front End, IM Conferencing, Telephony Conferencing, and QoE Agent services; certificate settings; and the server address.
Click the Web Conferencing tab to view the status of settings and services on the Web Conferencing Server role, including the status of the Web Conferencing service, certificate settings, the server address, and media listening port settings.
Click the A/V Conferencing tab to view the status of settings and services on the A/V Conferencing Server role, including the status of the A/V Conferencing service, certificate settings, and the server address.
Click the Application Sharing tab to view the status of settings and services on the Application Sharing Conferencing Server role, including the status of the Application Sharing service, certificate settings, and the server address.
Click the Web Components tab to view the current server FQDN.
Click the Applications tab to view the certificate settings, the status of the services for the application host and individual applications, and current Conferencing Attendant phone numbers that users can use to access dial-in conferencing.
Click the Event Log tab to configure event log filtering and to view event records.
Click the Performance tab to view the performance of installed server roles and applications.
Click the Resources tab to access documentation and other resources for Office Communications Server 2007 R2.
Deactivate to start the Deactivation Wizard.
Click a task under Validation to start the Validation Wizard.
Click a task under Deactivate to start the Deactivation Wizard for any of the server roles, the unified communications application server, or individual unified communications applications.
Click Activate an application to run the Application Activation Wizard.
The Standard Edition Servers node in the console tree contains each Standard Edition server, organized by Standard Edition server display name. For Standard Edition servers, the name used in the Standard Edition server pool node is the same as the server name.
You manage servers in a Standard Edition server individually and by server role, in much the same way as an Enterprise pool. One difference is that you can not change the organization of servers (that is, by role or list) because each Standard Edition server deployment consists of only one server.
Front End Properties include server address, routing, compression, authentication, federation, host authorization, archiving, and Enterprise Voice settings.
A/V Conferencing Properties include general settings.
Web Components Properties include general, meeting invitations, and group expansion settings.
Activate an application using the Application Activation Wizard.
Configure Properties. The properties that can be configured for each server include Front End Properties, Web Conferencing Properties, A/V Conferencing Properties, Web Component Properties, or Application Sharing Properties, the same as properties for individual servers in an Enterprise Pool.
These are similar to the options you have on Enterprise Edition servers, except that there is no Validation or Certificates options for a Standard Edition server.
Click the Web Components tab to view the view the current server FQDN.
Click a task under Deactivate to start the Deactivation Wizard.
The nodes shown for servers in Enterprise pools are dependent on the View Options setting, which is configured at the top node of Office Communications Server 2007 R2.
Click the Status, Front End, Web Conferencing, A/V Conferencing, Web Components, or Application Sharing tab to view the status of specific settings configured for individual servers, including the server address settings and settings specific to the server role, that are configured for the server.
To configure settings that apply to all servers in the forest, you can configure global properties at the forest level.
To configure settings that apply to all servers in the pool, you can configure settings at the pool level.
For details about managing servers, see the Operations section of the Office Communications Server Technical Library.


Welcome to buy high quality paper mill roll stand at competitive price from professional paper mill roll stand manufacturers iN China here. Contact our factory for pricelist and quotation.
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Alibaba.com offers 2,077 corrugated paper mill products. About 1% of these are specialty paper, 1% are paperboard, and 1% are packaging boxes. A wide variety of corrugated paper mill options are available to you, such as free samples.


Signed and dated interior: "Alan Wolfson / 2008"
This November Hollis Taggart Galleries will present New York Nocturnes, an exhibition of the work of Alan Wolfson, a master of the diorama. The artist explores New York City with all its quotidian vices in intricately detailed scenes of the metropolis. This exhibition will display a range of the artist's miniature urban vignettes, each of which offer an intimate portrait of the city as seen through the grime and grit of its street corners, subway stations, and storefronts.
Devoid of figures, Wolfson's scenes are primarily focused on the architecture and design of his chosen urban locations, but most importantly on the leftover evidence of those city dwellers that have been and gone. Trash, cigarette butts, and graffiti all indicate the presence of people and yet the works are left empty, creating a world of possible narratives. As viewers, we become voyeurs peering into the unkept and lonely corners of the city that Wolfson invites us to explore. These elaborate snapshots are the result of months of extensive planning and research, with each detail having been meticulously crafted by the artist himself. Wolfson's final sculptures represent a careful balance of the real and the invented, combining elements from memory, reality, and imagination.
Alan Wolfson grew up in Brooklyn where began constructing assemblages and fostered a strong appreciation for art history as a small child. He was awarded his first solo exhibition in 1980 at Los Angeles' Jacqueline Anhalt Gallery, a year after graduating from Humboldt State University. Wolfson has exhibited regularly in both solo and group settings since then, with notable exhibitions at the Museum of Art and Design, New York; the Vero Beach Art Center, Florida; and the Tel Aviv Art Museum.


The amount of a capital gain may be reduced by 50%, if the basic conditions in section 8.5 are satisfied for the gain. There are no additional rules for the 50% (active asset) reduction.
If the capital gain has already been reduced by a discount percentage (where the asset is held for at least 12 months), the 50% active asset reduction applies to the reduced gain.
If a taxpayer qualifies for only the 50% active asset reduction, these proceeds cannot be contributed to super under the lifetime CGT cap, but may be contributed to superannuation and count towards an individual's concessional or non-concessional caps.
Taxpayers have the option of not applying the active asset reduction when selling CGT assets. By not applying this 50% reduction, the amount of capital gain that can be exempt under the $500,000 retirement exemption (and contributed to super under the lifetime CGT cap) can, in many cases, be maximized.


CHS is home to some of the most talented ice skaters in the region.
For most teenagers, skating on a Friday night at the Ice Skadium is about winding down after a long week of classes. Others use the opportunity to meet new people and reconnect with old friends.
However, for junior Angela He and senior Alisha Wang, the common pastime has evolved into much more than just an after-school activity, but as a passion to showcase their skills on the ice.
Wang also began skating when she was young, at age six, and spends 15 to 20 hours weekly on the ice practicing.
Both He and Wang attribute their perseverance to be rooted in effective coaching. The two train with Marie Millikan, a former Olympic athlete from Czechoslovakia who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics.
In the off-season, He trains every day, except Sunday, with Millikan and has passed all but one test to place her in the highest level in youth skating. During the competition season, practices are everyday.
Similarly, Wang has participated in state and regional competitions, travelling to compete with other figure skaters.
Only the top few competitors qualify to move on to the national competition, where the top two advance to join the Olympic team.
This judging system is new to the sport as of 2002 and replaced the old "6 point system" used prior.
Each element in the rink is scored using a base factor. Competitors are then further evaluated on creativity, level of control, and choreography.


text:
#ifndef TEXT_DOCUMENT_LAYOUT_H
#define TEXT_DOCUMENT_LAYOUT_H

#include <Referenceable.h>

#include "List.h"
#include "TextDocument.h"
#include "ParagraphLayout.h"

class BView;

class ParagraphLayoutInfo {
public:
	ParagraphLayoutInfo()
		:
		y(0.0f),
		layout()
	{
	}

	ParagraphLayoutInfo(float y, const ParagraphLayoutRef& layout)
		:
		y(y),
		layout(layout)
	{
	}

	ParagraphLayoutInfo(const ParagraphLayoutInfo& other)
		:
		y(other.y),
		layout(other.layout)
	{
	}

	ParagraphLayoutInfo& operator=(const ParagraphLayoutInfo& other)
	{
		y = other.y;
		layout = other.layout;
		return *this;
	}

	bool operator==(const ParagraphLayoutInfo& other) const
	{
		return y == other.y
			&& layout == other.layout;
	}

	bool operator!=(const ParagraphLayoutInfo& other) const
	{
		return !(*this == other);
	}

public:
	float				y;
	ParagraphLayoutRef	layout;
};

typedef List<ParagraphLayoutInfo, false> ParagraphLayoutList;

class TextDocumentLayout : public BReferenceable {
public:
								TextDocumentLayout();
								TextDocumentLayout(
									const TextDocumentRef& document);
								TextDocumentLayout(
									const TextDocumentLayout& other);
	virtual						~TextDocumentLayout();

			void				SetTextDocument(
									const TextDocumentRef& document);

			void				Invalidate();
			void				InvalidateParagraphs(int32 start, int32 count);

			void				SetWidth(float width);
			float				Width() const
									{ return fWidth; }

			float				Height();
			void				Draw(BView* view, const BPoint& offset,
									const BRect& updateRect);

			int32				LineIndexForOffset(int32 textOffset);
			int32				FirstOffsetOnLine(int32 lineIndex);
			int32				LastOffsetOnLine(int32 lineIndex);
			int32				CountLines();

			void				GetLineBounds(int32 lineIndex,
									float& x1, float& y1,
									float& x2, float& y2);

			void				GetTextBounds(int32 textOffset,
									float& x1, float& y1,
									float& x2, float& y2);

			int32				TextOffsetAt(float x, float y,
									bool& rightOfCenter);

private:
			void				_Init();
			void				_ValidateLayout();
			void				_Layout();

			void				_DrawLayout(BView* view,
									const ParagraphLayoutInfo& layout) const;

			int32				_ParagraphLayoutIndexForOffset(
									int32& textOffset);
			int32				_ParagraphLayoutIndexForLineIndex(
									int32& lineIndex,
									int32& paragraphOffset);

private:
			float				fWidth;
			bool				fLayoutValid;

			TextDocumentRef		fDocument;
			TextListenerRef		fTextListener;
			ParagraphLayoutList	fParagraphLayouts;
};

typedef BReference<TextDocumentLayout> TextDocumentLayoutRef;

#endif // TEXT_DOCUMENT_LAYOUT_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On Saturday 8th September Carole PAGE had an amazing run at the Druridge Bay Parkrun. She not only notched a course pb to finish 2nd female, but also smashed her own female 55-59 course record and her own course WAVA record. Thanks to her 20.07 she has set a WAVA score of 92.46%. An absolutely amazing performance. Getting back to her best is Alice TETLEY-PAUL who was next Harrier home for us in 31st ahead of Steve COWELL and Ian STEPHENSON.
Elsewhere Phil HALL and Justine NORMAN were in action at the Thetford Parkrun. Phil was 5th overall in 19.25 and Justine was 40th in 23.55 to win the female 45 category. Other age category winners were Gay and Richard EASTOE at the Alness Parkrun, north of Inverness (didn't realise there was anything north of Inverness). They ran together and were 1st in the age 60 categories both crossing the line in 27.59. At Sheffield Hallam Kim BRONZE was 249th in 25.46 and at Whitley Bay Phil LEE was 177th in 27.44.
Also that day the Ingram Show held its annual fell race. Famous for its tough climb and fast descent the Ingram Show Hill Race pulls in a modest but quality field of runners each year. Alnwick Harriers had four representatives turn out this year and the conditions were perfect for the hard and fast race. The race start is quick with the runners chasing the best line for the tough climb. Once underway heads are down and everyone is focussed on summiting the hill as fast as humanly possible. Once over the top downhill legs have to be quickly deployed and race pace is quadrupled for the smooth fast sprint for the finish. Alnwick Harrier and local race veteran Ross WILSON was first home to take the winners' cup followed by a selection of talented runners from other north east clubs. Ollie TELFER was first Junior home in 6th place, just behind 5th placed Dan LENG. Mike TELFER was next home for Alnwick in 8th. A great crowd assembled for the race start then relocated themselves very quickly to the finish line further down the valley to welcome home the runners. An excellent village show race which is superbly organised.
Photos are of Carole and Eileen at Druridge Bay.


Hosoonyi korean restaurant. Hosoonyi korean restaurant.
The closest I've come to the real deal are the rounds at Bagel Oasis. At dim sum, the food comes to you. Dim sum carts stocked with savory Chinese treats, including steamed and fried dumplings, congee ladled into broad bowls, sticky rice wrapped in lotus leaves, dancing squid tentacles and pointy-toed chicken feet.
Dim sum carts stocked with savory Chinese treats, including steamed and fried dumplings, congee ladled into broad bowls, sticky rice wrapped in lotus leaves, dancing squid tentacles and pointy-toed chicken feet. Sahib's new Eastside sibling in Redmond Town Center boasts its own daily buffet.
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In Bellevue, I lot the fun at that moment-pink preference, Noble Female, meeting my eye hosooyni for delicate pork-filled apartments and skewers hosoonyi korean restaurant every fried prawns with dry, now salt. Set's new Eastside intention in Redmond Pose Chronicle boasts its own alike buffet.
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I'm often asked, "Where's the best place for Sunday brunch? Sahib's new Eastside sibling in Redmond Town Center boasts its own daily buffet.
Sahib's new Eastside sibling in Redmond Town Center boasts its own daily buffet.


text:
Bewildering Strangeness
Strange Wilderness
Second-Run Seats ($$)
One of my favorite under-appreciated actors, Steve Zahn (Saving Silverman), stars as Peter Gaulke, host of a late-night TV wildlife program "Strange Wilderness." Under Peter's lead, the once-great show pioneered by his dad is in danger of being canceled. Fortunately, his dad's old coworker, Bill Calhoun, played by Joe Don Baker (Mars Attacks!), offers Peter access to a map that reveals the location of Bigfoot's secret South American lair. With only a few pennies to their names, Peter and his stoner crew set off to rescue the show that keeps them all moderately paid and semi-stocked in weed.
Costarring alongside Zahn is a slew of familiar goofball-comedy faces. Sandler mainstays Allen Covert and Peter Dante of Grandma's Boy fame play the sound guy Fred Wolf and driver Danny, respectively. These guys suckered Apatow's pal Jonah Hill (Accepted) into playing a gofer named Cooker. Hill in turn hustled Justin Long (Waiting...) into playing stoner camera guy Junior. I'm not sure how he fits ino the six degrees of separation, but Broken Lizard's Kevin Heffernan joined the crew as Whitaker, an alcoholic animal handler. The general idea is a lot of funny people called in a lot of favors from a lot of other funny people to make something that is, ultimately, surprisingly unfunny and tedious.
I am being a bit harsh. Zahn worked amazingly hard, as did Covert, Long, et al., for a film that attains humor sporadically. When they strike that golden note it rings true, but the gags mostly fall flat. The most hilarious moments are Zahn's voiceovers for ancient Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom footage. This style of comedy would work better as a mockumentary reality series a la Reno 911!. To sum it up, there's a scene where Zahn criticizes his script because it was written on a cocktail napkin by the drunk and stoned crew the night before. I think the film's writers, Peter Gaulke and Fred Wolf (yes, they borrowed their own names for the lead roles), did indeed pen their script in much the same fashion. Entire sequences seem altered mid-film as if the writers were making it up as they went along, and everyone involved was too high to care.
Not that you care to know, but the scenery, when not 70's animal footage, is comprised of roadside petting zoo-quality faux jungle. Also, the elusive Bigfoot looks like a well-worn left over from Harry and the Hendersons. But don't let the noticeable zipper bother you because the ludicrous 'Foot results in the funniest of the non-voiceover moments.
Dirty Undies
In case you weren't sure, there are scenes of drug use. There are also a couple of cock-and-balls jokes with prosthetics used nicely for gross-out effect. The language is foul and crude so that's a plus. I give a big thumbs up to Justin Long for being the most insanely funny of the ensemble. Conversely, Jonah Hill deserves the nod of shame and a resounding WTF?! He whips out this weird southern-esque accent that is completely unnecessary and totally unfunny. I assume he's trying to apply the Ben Stiller shtick to his comedy and it so did not work.
The Money Shot
I went into Strange Wilderness with high hopes. I left Strange Wilderness wishing these people hadn't been so fucking high. I laughed, but not nearly as much as I could have given the caliber of the comedic talent assembled. If you do see this, I suggest employing Smokey's pre-community service lifestyle:
Labels: comedy, movie review
Fletch February 8, 2008 at 11:54 AM
Bah - sad to read this. Though now, maybe my hopes will be twice as low and I'll enjoy it four times as much as you did. Or something like that.
Regardless, even though I haven't seen it, I get the feeling this is the kind of flick that will get better with multiple viewings...no?
Reel Whore February 8, 2008 at 1:32 PM
I hope you can enjoy it more than me.
Yes I can definitely see it improve with viewings, I mean it couldn't get any worse. I bet there'll be some "Untamed & Unrated" DVD version that releases with a few more redeemable moments that'll help it too.
Fletch February 8, 2008 at 9:41 PM
Wayne... I don't know what to tell you. You were totally wrong on this! We...
...walked out. This was worse than Epic Movie, which was one of the worst movies I've seen in a theater. This made that look awesome by comparison. I think it's the first time I've walked out on a movie.
Brutal.
Reel Whore February 9, 2008 at 10:45 AM
Ouch! Walked out!? Just curious, at what moment did you walk out?
I have never walked out or turned off a movie. Guess that says a lot about the strength of my addiction. There have been movies I wanted to, even yearned to but I suffered to the end.
The Rub February 12, 2008 at 11:11 AM
I didn't walk out, but a piece of me wishes I did...
Reel Whore February 14, 2008 at 2:57 PM
Hmm, I've been thinking, my wife and our 18-yr old nephew (who rarely goes to theaters) went with me. Maybe his laughter at the inanity of it all softened it for us.
Let's Get Rainforest Sweaty!
And the Award Will Go To...
More Than A Mouthful (02.22.08)
Thrilling, From Any Vantage Point
Spiderwick Chronicles: The Cliff Notes Edition
You'll Wish You Could Jump Into a Different Movie
No Maybe About It, A Definite Must See
A Film Faux Parley: Freedomland
Who Says No to That Face?!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Forsyth Park Fountain features a classical female figure on a pedestal surrounded by statues of tritons and swans. The water sprays from the statues. The fountain in surrounded by trees and shrubbery.


text:
Understanding the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of chronic pain
Bing-dong Sui Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Tian-qi Xu School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Jie-wei Liu School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Wei Wei School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Chen-xi Zheng School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Bao-lin Guo School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Ya-yun Wang Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Yan-ling Yang Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Correspondence to Dr Ya-yun Wang, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an 710032, China; wangyy{at}fmmu.edu.cn, or Dr Yan-ling Yang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; yangyanl{at}fmmu.edu.cn
Sui B, Xu T, Liu J, et al
Postgraduate Medical Journal 2013;89:709-714.
Received April 21, 2012
Revised July 23, 2012
Accepted September 17, 2012
First published October 22, 2013.
Previous version (22 October 2013).
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions


text:
The following lists are for team Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's European Qualifiers.

Group 1

First round

|}
Albania withdrew.

Second round

|}
Yugoslavia withdrew.

Third round

|}

Group 2
Hosted in Bulgaria

First round

|}

Second round

|}

Third round

|}

Group 3
Hosted in France

First round

|}

Second round

|}

Third round

|}

Group 4
Hosted in Spain

First round

|}

Second round

|}
Italy withdrew.

Third round

|}

References

Football qualification for the 1968 Summer Olympics
1968 in Mexican sports

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In the old days, creating a brand identity for your company meant spending millions to create and fund an advertising campaign. As a result, only large companies with deep pockets could enjoy the benefits of this type of branding. The Internet has changed all of this in a way that levels the playing field. With digital marketing, small and medium-sized companies also have the opportunity to create brand identities that are every bit as compelling as those enjoyed by their larger counterparts.
Thousands of companies have used the Internet to successfully create brand identity, at a fraction of the cost that would have been incurred had they chosen to advertise via the traditional route. A significant percentage of today's most recognized internet brands achieved their visibility without investing in pricey TV commercials or print campaigns. Isn't it time you learned about how digital marketing can help your company grow?
WSI offers a comprehensive and unique approach to your business needs. You'll benefit from the expertise of a global network of more than 1000 certified Digital Marketing Consultants that offer a wide variety of services centered around the four core strategy elements of site, search, social and mobile.
In the end, your company will be treated to a plan for success that covers all the bases. A plan is only as good as its results, and clients of WSI report the kind of results that are a testament to the company's skill in crafting a winning approach. Get in touch with WSI Digital Marketing Consultant today to talk about solutions for your company.
As a leading Digital Marketing Agency Network, we make efforts to stay up-to-date with leading-edge technologies and techniques that can help our clients leverage the potential of the internet. We also believe in sharing our knowledge to promote more effective and responsible digital marketing.
Review WSI's wide resource bank and download our cheat sheets, eBooks, guides, infographics, videos, whitepapers, books, podcasts, and other resources on a variety of digital marketing topics. You can also visit our blog to get some great tips on how to leverage current digital marketing trends for your business.
Of course, if you ever have any questions about how digital marketing can give your business a boost, contact us for a consultation and an Internet Business Analysis, and we will be happy to help.


text:
Police: Charges expected after Des Moines 4-year-old accidentally shot himself
Des Moines police say that the child will have surgery and is expected to recover after shooting himself with his parents' gun. Charges are expected.
Police: Charges expected after Des Moines 4-year-old accidentally shot himself Des Moines police say that the child will have surgery and is expected to recover after shooting himself with his parents' gun. Charges are expected. Check out this story on desmoinesregister.com: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2019/05/30/des-moines-crime-police-boy-child-shot-self-gun-safety-charged-charges-expected-iowa-surgery-permit/1289107001/
Gage Miskimen, Des Moines Register Published 2:45 p.m. CT May 30, 2019 | Updated 4:26 p.m. CT June 4, 2019
After a 4-year-old boy accidentally shot himself with a gun on Wednesday, Des Moines police are saying charges are expected.
Sgt. Paul Parizek, spokesman for the Des Moines Police Department, said the child will undergo surgery, but is expected to recover well.
"We're letting the family focus on the child's needs right now and will follow up at the appropriate time," Parizek said after the shooting. He reiterated TuesdATY that crininal charges are likely, but have not been filed yet.
Officers were called to the 5700 block of Southeast 34th Street about 2 p.m. Wednesday when they found the child. He was in a car unattended when he obtained the gun, belonging to his parents, and shot himself in the shoulder, police said on Wednesday.
Parizek added on Thursday that he didn't have information on whether the parents of the child have permits to carry.
Gage Miskimen is a growing suburbs reporter at the Des Moines Register. He can be reached by email at gmiskimen@dmreg.com, by phone at 515-284-8234 or on Twitter at @gagemisky.
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Affordable rentals harder to find, says new report
Photo credit: Timur Saglambilek, Pexels
A lack of affordable home rental options and an increase in affordable home ownership are key themes in a recently published Institute of Urban Studies (IUS) report examining the impact of condo developments on Winnipeg neighbourhoods.
There has been a greater loss of affordable apartment buildings in the very neighbourhoods that need them.
IUS Report
The study was led by retired IUS Director and former Canada Research Chair Dr. Tom Carter, Senior Research Associate Scott McCullough, Senior Research Assistant Ryan Shirtliffe, and IUS Researcher Chris Northcote.
The publication is part of a SSHRC-funded Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership that examines researching inequality, diversity, and change in seven Canadian metropolitan areas: Halifax, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Calgary, Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver.
UWinnipeg Vice-President Research and Innovation Dr. Jino Distasio is on the board of directors and is a member of the project's research team.
"For a decade, Canadian researchers have explored how neighbourhood change impacts cities. This work has uncovered the inequalities that have shaped our cities. For Winnipeg, these changes have been significant with a declining middle class and a deepening of poverty," said Distasio. "This look at changes to the condo market digs deeper into the issues of affordable housing and the patterns of change we have seen."
Database provides insight into neighbourhood impact
From previous research, IUS knew that a significant number of rental units were converted to condos across Winnipeg. These were often older apartment buildings that once provided some of the most affordable housing in the city.
Map shows the locations, year of activation, and size of condominium developments in Winnipeg.
Concerned about what this meant to the availability of affordable rental housing, they developed a comprehensive database examining the impact of condo units on eight different neighbourhoods from Transcona to Fort Richmond.
The IUS Condominium Database took Northcote over a year to develop. It contains geographic and historical information about every condo unit, including the previous use of converted condos, historic rental prices for many conversions, current sales-prices and rented condo rates; as well as relevant demographic and socio-economic data for the neighbourhoods where condos are located.
Thanks to changes in the way 2016 census data was collected, they were able to differentiate rental condos from owner occupied units, something they were previously unable to confirm.
The impact of condo developments varies quite a bit depending where you live. For instance, condos in Downtown and North Winnipeg neighbourhoods are primarily conversions, while condos in South Winnipeg are more often purpose built. Other factors like rent levels, renter incomes and the proportion of condos that are rented in a particular area means some neighbourhoods feel the impact deeper than others.
"Because converted structures are more prevalent in neighbourhoods that have lower average income, there has been a greater loss of affordable apartment buildings in the very neighbourhoods that need them," said the report.
More affordable home ownership options
Affordable rentals are getting harder to find, but the increase in condo conversions and new developments does offer more affordable options for first time homeowners or seniors downsizing from single-family homes.
"With the majority of condos being valued at $150,000 to $200,000, it adds evidence that condominiums have become a common "starter-home" for first-time buyers. This fills the role affordable single-family housing played in the post-WWII era," said the report.
The Winnipeg condo market is quite small compared to other Canadian urban centres. Condos represent eight percent of the total housing stock, and only a quarter of these are rental units which is lower than the national average.
While the average size of households living in condominiums is considerably smaller than non-condo dwellings, rented condominiums have a higher proportion of families, families with children, and lone parent households than owned condominiums.
"This research broadens the discussion on the impacts of condos," said McCullough. "As we continue to build on previous research, we are expanding our understanding of housing needs at the neighbourhood level."
UWinnipeg's Institute of Urban Studies has been producing reports and publications since 1969. A complete collection of public reports is housed at the Institute of Urban Studies Library. Many reports are also available to download from the IUS WinnSpace archive.
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There is no public access defibrillator in the parish. However, an NHS First Responder, David Wright, lives in the village with defibrillator facility. When on duty, David is alerted by a local emergency 999 call. His telephone number is 01295 711013.


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The Transformer
October 1960 Popular Electronics
If you are looking for a very thorough treatise on transformers, from AC line frequency up through audio and RF frequencies, but without a lot of formulas to distract you, then this article by Ken Gilmore is it. He begins with the fundamentals of a current setting up a magnetic field, talks about mutual coupling and induction, step-up- and step-down transformers, autotransformers, iron and laminated core transformers, multi-tap voltage and impedance matching transformers, and even touches on the mage-size transformers in electrical distribution system substations. Transformers fundamentally work the same way today as they did when first invented in the 1830s. Equations for simulations have been refined to the nth degree, but for the vast majority of mankind this article will suffice to provide a better-then-layman's knowledge of the principles.
By Ken Gilmore
A fundamental coupling device, the transformer is one of electronics' most capable magicians - here's what's behind its electrical sleight-of-hand and how it performs its multitude of valuable tricks.
What the Transformer Does
The electrical power that makes your light bulbs glow, runs your refrigerator, and operates your hi-fi set comes into your home at a potential of about 115 volts. Yet if you were to climb the utility pole outside and measure the voltage there, it could turn out to be as high as 6000 volts. If you kept on climbing poles at other places around town, you might find voltages as high as 120,000 volts!
Even in your home, some appliances - air conditioners, clothes dryers, electric ranges, and other heavy-duty equipment - may operate at 230 volts instead of the usual 115 volts. And if you probe into your television set, you'll find an even wider voltage range. For although your TV draws its power from the wall plug - and power there is at 115 volts - your set has the ability to change this voltage into a number of different values, so that each tube and circuit can operate under the exact conditions it likes best. Consequently, in some places, you will find values as low as one or two volts; in others, values as high as 15 or 20 thousand volts.
Electric power, one of our most useful servants, becomes tremendously more useful when we can change it at will to dozens, or even hundreds, of different voltages. Fortunately, we can make these changes easily and economically with a device known as the transformer.
Transformers are all around us. One - the gadget about the size of a large garbage can hanging near the top of utility poles - changes the 6000-volt transmission-line power into the 115 and 230 volts you need. Another - this one about as big as a flashlight - takes 6 or 12 volts from your car's battery, and changes it into the 10,000 or more volts needed to fire your spark plugs. Still another - a square can a little bigger than your fist - channels high-fidelity electrical signals into the speakers of your hi-fi set.
We'll talk more about these special applications - and others like them - a little later. Right now, let's get down to the business of seeing just how a transformer goes about performing this valuable electrical sleight-of-hand-changing one voltage into another.
How the Transformer Works
When an electric current flows in a wire, a weak magnetic field is set up around it. If we twist the wire into a coil, the weak field around each turn of the wire is reinforced by the fields around the other turns; the result is a much stronger field.
If an a.c, current flows in the coil, the magnetic field builds as the current flows in one direction; dies down, or decays, as the current returns to zero; then builds in the opposite polarity as the current flows in the other direction. You can think of the building and decaying magnetic field as a pulsing, invisible force, expanding and contracting as the current reverses its direction of flow. As the field builds and decays, the magnetic flux lines (the circular lines in the diagram) cut back and forth through the coil.
Now suppose we put another coil of wire next to and in line with the first, although not actually touching it. As the magnetic field expands and contracts, the flux lines will cut back and forth through the second coil as well as through the first one, and a voltage will be induced in the second coil. This is called "mutual induction," and is the basis of all transformer action. Because of this property, a simple transformer can be made - and many are - simply by placing two coils of wire close together and applying an alternating current to one of them.
The main value of a transformer lies in the fact that the ratio of the voltages in the two coils can be controlled by the number of turns of wire in each. To put it another way, if the secondary (the coil into which voltage is induced) has ten times as many turns of wire as the primary (the coil across which the original voltage is applied), then the secondary voltage will be ten times the primary voltage. In such a case we have a step-up transformer.
On the other hand, if the secondary has only one-tenth as many turns as the primary, the secondary voltage will be one-tenth the primary voltage, and we have a step-down transformer.
In the above calculations, we have assumed that all magnetic lines of flux, as they expand and contract, cut all turns of the transformer. The magnetic coupling in such a case would be 100%. Of course, in practical transformers a few lines of force manage to stray outside the useful area. But by careful design, engineers are able to produce transformers with efficiencies of 80%, 90%, and even more. In fact, for the purposes of most calculations, transformer efficiency can be considered to be virtually 100%.
Voltage vs. Current
Even though we can get a higher voltage from a transformer than we put into it, the transformer is not capable of creating power. What we gain in voltage, we lose in current. On the other hand, if we step down the voltage, we get more current.
If the current flowing in the primary of the step-up transformer in the diagram above is 5 amperes and the voltage 110 volts, the power consumed in the primary is 550 watts. Since the output voltage is 1100 volts, or ten times as much, we would have available only one-tenth the current, or 0.5 ampere. Thus, even though we can juggle voltages and currents at will, the output power is 550 watts - the same as the primary input. (Actually, the output power would be slightly less than 550 watts, due to the small losses in efficiency mentioned earlier.)
Iron Cores
So far, we have described a transformer as two coils of wire, placed close together along a common axis. Although some transformers are actually built this way, most use other types of construction. Instead of being placed side by side, the two coils are usually arranged with one coil inside the other; this gives much closer and more efficient magnetic coupling.
For use at low frequencies, designers wind the two coils around a common iron core. Since iron is a much more efficient conductor than air, the magnetic field built up is much stronger. That is, almost all the magnetic lines of force developed by the primary winding are gathered up by the iron core and shaped so that almost all cut through the secondary winding. Therefore the efficiency of the transformer is greatly increased.
The diagrams at left show the three principal types of iron-core transformers. First is the open-core transformer which, while possible, is never used because of its relative inefficiency - a large part of the magnetic field would still have to be in air, rather than in iron. The closed-core transformer is considerably more efficient; and the shell core transformer is most efficient of all. The shell-core type has another advantage: since the flux path is almost entirely contained in the iron core, it is less subject to disturbances by external magnetic fields than other types, and it doesn't disturb other nearby circuits as much.
Transformer Losses
The first transformer ever made was simply an iron ring with two 2-layer coils of wire wrapped around it. Its inventor was Michael Faraday, the great English electrical pioneer. He discovered electromagnetic or mutual induction - the principle upon which the transformer works - in 1831. When he connected his primitive iron-ring transformer as shown, the galvanometer needle jumped as the switch was closed.
Although Faraday's device was a true transformer, its losses were high. Today's modern, refined transformers have assumed a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and characteristics as engineers have attempted to minimize the losses that are a part of every transformer's operation.
Transformer losses come from many different sources. First, not every magnetic flux line cuts the secondary - some simply travel out into space, consuming energy from the primary, but doing no useful work. This loss is called flux leakage. Designers minimize it by careful physical arrangement of the coils and core. Sometimes the primary is wound on the core first, then the secondary applied on top. At other times the secondary is split into two layers with the primary in between.
Copper Losses
The so-called copper losses are caused by the electrical resistance of the transformer windings. Although copper is a good conductor, it has a measurable resistance, as does any conductor. When current flows through this resistance, heating takes place and power is wasted. As a result, almost any transformer will feel warm to the touch when operating normally, and some are actually hot.
Core Losses
Since the iron core itself, as well as the coils, is cut by the expanding and contracting magnetic field, a current is induced here, too. As this eddy current flows in the core, it steals energy from the primary circuit and dissipates it as useless heat. The eddy current flows at right angles to the magnetic flux. It can be reduced by substituting several thin layers of iron for the solid core. These thin layers - laminations - are separated by layers of glue which electrically insulate the laminations from each other. In practice, a small eddy current is set up separately in each lamination, but the total loss is much less than for a solid-core transformer.
Still another core loss is caused by the alternating current itself. Since this current reverses its direction 120 times a second, the iron core - in effect, an electromagnet - must continually reverse its polarity. And since the minute magnetic elements in the core tend to resist this change, power must be expended to realign them. This is called hysteresis loss. Engineers reduce it by building transformer cores of steels which change magnetic polarity with comparative ease, so that less power is consumed in making the switch.
Miscellaneous Losses
Since the turns of wire in a transformer are close together, there is some distributed capacitance between the turns, between different layers of windings and between separate windings. This capacitance, though small, is cumulative. Like a small capacitor connected across the transformer, it shorts out some of the voltage developed across the windings. At low frequencies (the usual 60 cps of house current, for example) this loss is unimportant, but at higher frequencies engineers must go to great lengths to minimize it.
Another small loss is caused by the imperfection of transformer insulation. A small leakage current will flow through almost any insulator, and thus absorb some of the transformer's power. This is known as dielectric loss.
Then, too, particularly at high frequencies, a transformer can begin to act as a small but efficient radio transmitter, and actually radiate power like a broadcast antenna. This is called transmission loss.
Most of these losses, under normal conditions, are minor, but at times they become serious. For example, eddy current losses are small at power-line frequencies, but at the high end of the audio spectrum - say around 20,000 cps - they become significant. This means that a poorly designed transformer in the output stage of a hi-fi amplifier will operate much less efficiently at 20,000 cps than at 1000 cps; the result is poor frequency response.
To minimize eddy currents designers specify thinner laminations. Where laminations 20 to 25 thousandths of an inch thick are used in power transformers designed to work at 60 cps, audio transformers rarely have laminations thicker than 10 or 15 thousandths of an inch. For really good hi-fi reproduction, lamination thicknesses may range from ten thousandths of an inch all the way down to only one thousandth of an inch.
Higher and Higher Frequencies
As frequencies go still higher, even one thousandth of an inch is too much, and eddy current losses become excessive. Consequently, r.f. transformers frequently have cores made of minute grains of iron suspended in an insulating material and compressed under high pressure into a solid mass. Since the grains are insulated from each other, they break up the eddy current path and help reduce eddy current losses.
As might be expected, the size of the iron granules becomes important as the frequency increases, since at high frequencies eddy currents are even set up within the individual granules. Granules several thousandths of an inch thick are satisfactory below 100,000 cps, but as the frequency goes higher the particles cannot be larger than several millionths of an inch thick.
A new type of magnetic core made of iron ferrite has recently allowed designers to build iron-core transformers to operate at frequencies higher than ever before. These ferrites - varieties of iron oxide, or rust - are valuable because they have magnetic properties, and yet are insulators and do not conduct current. Because of the unusual construction of these transformers, no eddy currents form.
If you have bought an ultra-portable radio recently, you are benefiting from ferrite-improved transformers. Miniature radios of even a few years ago had loop antennas at least 8 to 10 inches long and almost as high to collect enough signal to operate. Now ferrite-core antennas, far more efficient because of their magnetic core but not susceptible to eddy current ills, can be built as small as a short pencil. As a result, portable radios can now be produced smaller than they have ever been produced before.
In many applications, particularly for very high frequencies, air-core transformers are used. The coils are wound on a non-magnetic form such as Bakelite or polystyrene. The coils may be concentric, or end to end. Frequently one is movable, so that the degree of coupling between them is adjustable.
One of the biggest problems in high-frequency transformer design, particularly where multiple layers of winding are involved, is stray capacitance. If a regular winding were used, with adjacent layers lying parallel to each other, this capacitance could become intolerable. Consequently, layers are frequently spiraled back and forth as in the transformer shown in the drawing at right. This makes adjacent layers cross each other almost at right angles instead of being parallel, and stray capacitance is materially lowered as a result.
How the Transformer is Used
The transformer invented in the 1830's wasn't put to work outside the laboratory until 1885 when William Stanley, an engineer who worked for George Westinghouse, designed and tested a transformer power-distribution system. He used a 500-volt generator and fed the power directly into a 4000-foot transmission line. A transformer to step down the voltage to 100 volts was used at the other end of the line.
Westinghouse wasted no time in putting Stanley's superior transmission system into operation. That same year he built the first plant especially designed for transformer power distribution in Buffalo, N. Y. It went into use on November 30, 1886. His generator produced a 1000-volt, 133-cps output which was fed directly into the transmission line, and stepped down at the customer's home.
In spite of its obvious superiority, however, high-voltage transmission with transformers did not gain immediate acceptance. Thomas Edison, for one, was violently opposed to a.c. power, and he used his tremendous prestige to gain support for his own d.c. system. Consequently, it was not until many years later - after the turn of the century - that high-voltage a.c. power distribution became common. Even today there are a few places - some areas of New York City, for example - still receiving Edison's legacy of d.c. power.
But giant power transformers and their complex distribution stations now dot the landscape all over the country. The one shown on the next page, one of the largest ever built, can handle enough electric power for a city of 500,000 inhabitants.
Why use transformers for power distribution? The efficiency of transmission is tremendously increased by stepping up the voltage to as much as several hundred thousand volts. Also, a given size of wire can carry far more power at high voltage than low, saving money in transmission costs. Let's see why.
As an example, let's take a transmission line of No.1 wire 10 miles long - that's a conductor about the size of your little finger. The resistance of one such wire 10 miles long is about 7 ohms. (Actually, the resistance of each wire in the transmission pair is 7 ohms but for the sake of illustration let's consider just one.) Now let's say that we transmit a current of 120 amperes at 120,000 volts (a common transmission-line voltage) over the 10 miles. The total power fed into the line at the generating station is 14,400,000 volt-amperes.
With 120 amperes flowing in the 7-ohm line, the voltage drop over the ten miles will be 840 volts. Thus, the output voltage will be 119,160 volts; 120 amperes at 119,160 volts gives a 14,299,200 volt-ampere output. Along the line we have lost 100,800 volt-amperes, dissipated by the resistance of the transmission line. This seems like a lot of power, but if we figure it in terms of percentage, the loss amounts to a negligible 0.7% of the total fed into the line.
Now let's see what happens if the supply voltage is reduced to only 12,000 volts. The power input is now 1,440,000 volt-amperes. We will assume that the transmission line is still carrying 120 amps - its maximum load under any conditions. Since the current and resistance are the same, the voltage drop over the 10 miles will also be the same - 840 volts. The loss in the transmission line will still be 100,800 volt-amperes, but now this represents a whopping 7% of the total fed into the transmission line.
Obviously, the high-voltage transmission is far more efficient. As also demonstrated in this example, the transmission line can carry far more power under high-voltage conditions. For these reasons, all transmission lines operate at higher voltages than those delivered to your electric meter by the power companies.
At Niagara Falls, N. Y., for example, hydroelectric generators produce power at 6000 volts. It is immediately stepped up by transformers to 120,000 volts and fed to long-distance transmission lines. At various points it is stepped back down to 6000 volts for distribution over local areas, then stepped down once again to 230 and 115 volts for home use.
Although a power-distribution transformer is more spectacular, you're much more likely to be familiar with the ordinary power transformer used in radios, amplifiers, and TV sets. Such devices have a primary winding and usually several secondary windings to meet the various voltage and current requirements of a receiver or amplifier; a drawing of a typical power transformer is shown at right, above. The primary is usually designed for 115 volts; the high-voltage secondary may produce anywhere from 250 to as high as 600 or 700 volts (higher for some purposes). The other secondaries, usually rated at 5.0 and 6.3 volts, are for tube filaments.
Power transformers are available with a wide variety of windings and current capabilities. They may have four, five, six, or even more windings, each rated at a different voltage for some specific purpose. The high-voltage winding of a light-duty power transformer may be capable of producing perhaps only 30 or 40 ma., while a heavy-duty unit may turn out 300, 400, or even 500 ma. Transformers for high-power transmitters produce voltages and currents far in excess of these values, but for such applications separate transformers are generally used for high-voltage and filament supplies.
So far, all the transformers we have talked about in detail are designed for use in power circuits which operate at 60 cps. But transformers can operate on a wide variety of frequencies - every audio amplifier uses at least one transformer of this sort, and many include several such transformers.
Although the same basic principles of step-up and step-down are used in audio transformers, this is usually of secondary importance to the transformer's ability to serve as an impedance-matching device. Take, for example, an input transformer. Here it may be necessary to match a phonograph pickup, a microphone, or other input source of as little as 200 or 300 ohms (even less, in some cases) to a grid circuit of as much as several hundred thousand ohms. If the pickup or microphone were connected directly to the grid, a serious mismatch would occur, which would not only reduce the efficiency of the circuit but upset frequency response as well. The input transformer matches the components so that each operates properly.
The interstage transformer is another variety of the audio transformer and performs much the same kind of job: matching the output tube-several thousand ohms-to a grid circuit of a much higher impedance.
A third variety is the output transformer, whose main task is again impedance-matching. The plate circuit of the output tubes may have an impedance of many thousands of ohms, while most loudspeakers are 4, 8, or 16 ohms. To accommodate various tube-speaker combinations, most output transformers have a series of "taps" on the secondary winding, and perhaps on the primary as well, so that windings of the proper impedance can be selected. Only the part of the transformer windings actually used (in 'the diagram, the portion between the first and second terminals) affects the circuit's impedance values. One form of output transformer - known as a "universal" type - is so designed that it is capable of matching virtually any possible tube and speaker combination.
Better and Better Design
Great progress has been made recently in audio-transformer design. Just a few years ago it was difficult to get a transformer with any appreciable output above, say, 10,000 to 15,000 cps. Today, transformers with flat outputs up to 20,000 cps are common, while units flat to 50,000 or even 100,000 cps are available.
Tremendous problems had to be overcome to produce today's outstanding transformers. In addition to the losses mentioned earlier, a transformer has inductive reactance which varies according to frequency (remember that a transformer is also a coil). At frequencies of 100 and 1000 cps, the inductive reactance of the primary will be 10 and 100 times, respectively, its value at 10 cps. The inductive reactance appears to the output tube's plate as a load resistance, and thus various amounts of amplification take place at various frequencies. As a result, the gain of the amplifier is about two-and-a-half times higher at 200 cps than at 10 cps. At 3000 cps it would be three times higher. At still higher frequencies, distributed capacitance becomes an important factor, and gains fall off rapidly.
Engineers go to great lengths to compensate for these effects; by means of special core materials, unique coil designs, special wrapping patterns, interlaced layers, and other techniques, they have produced a variety of audio transformers with unbelievably even response over an extremely wide range of frequencies.
R.F. Circuits
As mentioned earlier, transformers are also widely used in r.f. circuits. Even the simplest five-tube a.c.-d.c. radio will usually have as many as four transformers, in addition to its audio output transformer. A typical radio, for example, might have an antenna coil (actually a small transformer which couples the antenna's output into the grid of the first amplifying tube), an oscillator coil (a transformer which supplies feedback for the oscillator), and two i.f. transformers which couple the various stages.
These transformers are likely to be air, powdered-iron, or ferrite-core transformers, since a regular iron core would cause intolerable eddy-current losses. The windings will also probably be of a special spiral design calculated to minimize capacitance effect,
Special Purpose Transformers
Although the transformers we have been discussing make up the bulk of those used, there are many other types, all of which perform their useful, specialized jobs.
The autotransformer, for example, uses only one winding instead of two, but accomplishes an effect similar to that of a regular transformer. If the whole coil is used as the primary and only a portion as the secondary, then it is a step-down unit. Hooked in reverse, it is a step-up device. This transformer, of course, cannot be used in circuits which must be electrically isolated from each other. But it serves very well in your automobile where it draws current from the 6- or 12-volt battery or generator and puts out the 10,000 or more volts needed to fire your spark plugs.
While we're on the subject of your automobile, let's take a look at the car radio which uses another kind of specialized device, the vibrator transformer. This device effectively "transforms" d.c. As the vibrator element moves back and forth touching each contact in turn, current flows through each half of the primary alternately, with each pulse going in a different direction. With the proper turns ratio, the output from the original 6- or 12- volt d.c. source can be as much as several hundred volts a.c.
Photoflash transformers, used to operate photographer's electronic flash or "strobe" units, are also vibrator-operated. They can take the vibrator-interrupted output from a 1 1/2-volt battery and turn it into several thousand volts a.c.
Pulse transformers are used primarily in radar. They range from tiny units (several of which can fit in a thimble) that put out a few millionths of a watt to huge, multi-ton giants that transmit powerful million-watt pulses. These transformers are designed to step up odd-shaped waveforms without changing the waveshape.
One of the newest types - transistor transformers - are similar to those used in regular r.f. and a.f. circuits except that their impedances and voltage ratings are calculated to match the operating requirements of transistors. Some of these units, by the way, can fit in a cube three-eighths of an inch square, and they weigh only a fraction of an ounce.
Thus, through the ingenuity of the design engineer, the transformer - though always operating on the same simple principle discovered by Faraday - can be adapted to perform hundreds of useful and important services.


text:
In praise of the inbox .
Dennis Fois, CEO of Copper, explains why the future of work lies in the inbox
Twenty years ago, productivity apps ruled the roost; Word, Excel, Access, Oracle and SAP were the cornerstones of the business world. Microsoft Windows was the supreme ruler of the technological stack.
Fast forward ten years, and Apple and Google, via Android, started taking big chunks of market share from Microsoft. More importantly, the market itself had changed. In 2014, Microsoft – under the guidance of Satya Nadella – pronounced that the world, and therefore Microsoft, was now all about how cloud and mobile were reinventing productivity.
Today, Apple, Google and Microsoft are still the power players, but there's more competition within the apps arena. Thus, Microsoft, with its new Teams positioning, seems ready to take on Slack and act as the main productivity hub, tieing email, word processing, spreadsheets and presentations together under the guise of collaboration.
This change seems to mirror the changing face of work: it's not about waterfall development anymore; it's not about the PRINCE 2 project management methodology; it's about scrum masters and agile; it's about enabling workforces and collaboration.
Putting humans first As easy as it is to get carried away by all the hype, it's important to be pragmatic.
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Collaboration apps like Slack can be extremely helpful, but in large, complex organisations, it is easy to drown in a plethora of channels and notifications that, without careful management, can all too easily take over one's work and personal life.
This raises an important point; people are human. They have personal lives, preferred working patterns and, unless you're a high performing developer with a caffeine drip, a need for downtime. People need to get things done, but they can't be 'on' all the time.
That's why it's important that the tools at our disposal reflect how we work, something the professional world doesn't always do well. According to the University of San Diego, being a 'morning person' or a 'night owl' isn't just a figure of speech; some people genuinely are more productive early in the day or late at night, and their needs aren't met by a conventional nine to five working day.
Today, many employers do offer flexible working schedules, but this often means working from somewhere else, rather than sometime else. Employees who need to collect/drop off children at school/nursery are frequently expected to be 'on call' throughout the day and night to make up for lost time, rather than being able to truly flex their working schedule.
Not surprisingly, the most successful innovations are those that really do make life easier – smartphones, contactless payments and email, for example.
Smart Technology of the Future
This principle explains why it is important to optimise how we use email as our primary productivity tool, for example by using smart systems to automatically draw content from email into other systems, such as databases or contract signing and tracking systems.
Much of the content in databases has to be rekeyed manually, either from the phone, email or physical meetings, and if any of this information can be harvested automatically, staff productivity will rise.
Email is useful in this context because it provides tags, such as subject lines, that help systems understand the context, whereas collaboration systems like Slack and Teams are often messy and chaotic. Even with threads, topics can jump around a lot, which runs the risk of data being mis-classified.
It is also easy to dig out and forward an email; but reposting a collaboration thread or link to an app isn't so easy for non-Teams or Slack users. To be effective, collaboration must accommodate the lowest common denominator. In the words of the writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 'Humanity, like armies in the field, advances at the speed of the slowest'.
As office workers are asked to perform ever more complex jobs with increasing numbers of stakeholders and processes, it's vital for AI and machine learning to start taking over some of the simpler, time-consuming admin tasks, so that users can maintain workflow and increase productivity.
Today, it's almost fashionable to disparage email, but the simple truth is that 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it'; and, while it's true that many people are overwhelmed by the amount of email they receive, there are emerging tools and fixes that can help us manage our inboxes.
The biggest gains will come from leveraging the information stored within email systems to take the pressure off other areas of employees' working lives, associating other apps with the informational hub of email, rather than trying to radically change user behaviour patterns.
Simple changes can make the difference between a stressed, unproductive workplace and one where technology supports and augments natural human workflows. For today's busy working environments, that's a real win.
www.copper.com
CEO of Copper
Dennis Fois


text:
NBA Playoffs: Hawks look for close out, Magic look for threes
By Kurt HelinApr 28, 2011, 4:30 PM EDT
The dynamics of this series — the dynamics that put the Atlanta up 3-1 and give them to close out Orlando on Thursday night at home in Game 6 — have not changed.
Atlanta will largely single-cover Dwight Howard and he will put up impressive numbers. Hedo Turkoglu will stink. Jamal Crawford will again have Hawks fans wondering where this guy has been hiding all season. Jason Richardson will hobble due to stitches on his foot.
One thing was different in Game 5 — Orlando knocked down its threes. The Magic shot 36.6 percent on threes in the regular season then 21 percent through the first four games of this series. Atlanta, because they can single-cover Howard with Jason Collins, does a better job than most defending the arc, but Orlando was just missing. The regression to the mean was coming.
It arrived in Game 5 when Orlando hit 11 of 26 (42.3 percent) from beyond the arc.
Put simply, if the Magic can do that again they will force a Game 7 Saturday. If they revert to shooting in the 20s, well, there are a lot of nice golf courses in the Orlando area.
Al Horford and Josh Smith have both been impressive this series for the Hawks, balancing out the beast that is Dwight Howard. J.J. Redick returned to form in Game 5 for the Magic and started to balance out Crawford, who may be the best player in this series so far.
It's Game 6, there are no more secrets. If Atlanta can create some turnovers and use missed three-pointers by Orlando to lead to some easy transition points, they are advancing to face Chicago. If Orlando takes care of the ball and the threes are falling, everyone is heading back to Orlando for Game 7.
It seems both obvious and simple to say that this game and this series will come down to made shots, but there it is.


In memory of John O Carroll, EI6AH, a new tab has been added to the website, with some history and photos of the original Marconi Station, in Ballybunion, along with the radio interview John did, and some letters he received.
Radio Experimenters in Kerry owe a lot to John, for keeping the history of the Marconi site alive, and it is our pleasure to keep this International Marconi Day event going, and maybe create some more history in the doing, in honour of John, EI6AH..
Members of Kerry Amateur Radio Group will be participating in International Marconi Day 2015, as an IMD Award Station.
KARG will be operating, using the club callsign EI1K, from the original Marconi site, which is now located on the grounds of the Irish Language Training College - Colaiste Bhreanainn, in Ballybunion, County Kerry, Ireland.
It is planned to operate for the full 24hr duration of the event.
KARG members Billy EI7CQB, John EI9JO, John, EI3JR and Declan EI9FVB participated in the 2015 Maurice Collins Memorial Vintage Rally at Banna West today.
The weather was fantastic and the event was a huge success, with many visitors inquiring about the club and the hobby. Many visitors will have got their first sunburn of the season today, as the sunshine was enjoyed all day.


The words John Sadler spoke on Tuesday about his stakes winner Ranger Heartley could have been used to describe any horse in the field for the Grade II, $500,000 Lane's End Stakes.
"We're looking for another chance to keep him on the Derby trail," Sadler said.
With the major Kentucky Derby hopefuls all opting to put their prep work in elsewhere, Saturday's Lane's End Stakes represents a golden ticket of sorts for the 10 horses scheduled to go to post in the 11?8-mile race.
A victory would give the winner the graded stakes earnings needed to ensure a spot in the Derby field.
On paper, Connemara — one of two horses in the field trained by Todd Pletcher — has a decided class advantage. The son of Giant's Causeway has three wins in four lifetime starts, all over synthetic surfaces, including a 11/4-length victory in the 11?8-mile El Camino Real on Feb. 20.
Ranger Heartley, a front-runner, defeated Connemara in the 11?16-mile California Derby on Jan. 16, but tired in the El Camino despite getting a half-mile in :49.56.
"It wasn't that smooth last time (in the El Camino Real), but he's been training forward since that race," Sadler said. "I'm not concerned about the distance, but he likes to be on the lead, so it depends on what kind of trip he gets."
Though Connemara is the 9-5 morning-line favorite, Pletcher may have a dark horse in Doubles Partner, who is testing stakes company for the first time.
The son of Rock Hard Ten has won his last two starts, both on the turf going 11?8 miles, and has demonstrated the ability to either rally from far off the pace or sit just off the leaders, as he did when he defeated the highly touted Lentenor in an allowance race at Gulfstream Park on Feb. 17.
"This will be a step up for him but he did beat Lentenor in his last race, and Lentenor came back to be fourth in the Florida Derby," Pletcher said. "He's a WinStar horse so he's spent a lot of time training at Keeneland and he seems to like the synthetic."
One horse who relishes Turfway's surface is Vow to Wager, winner via disqualification of the roughly-run John Battaglia Memorial Stakes on Feb. 27.
Vow to Wager has earned both of his wins from five career starts at Turfway, including a 51/2-length score in his maiden victory going a mile on Jan. 31.
"I really don't believe it's the Polytrack that has moved him up, I think it's just him getting better and better," trainer Dale Romans said. "Mentally he never figured the game out and ... we kept thinking, with experience, eventually a switch would turn on."
Though he has yet to break through against top company, Dean's Kitten has knocked heads against graded stakes winners Eskendereya and Interactif in his 10-race career and was beaten just 23/4 lengths while running sixth in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf.
The late-running son of Kitten's Joy finished second in the Grade III Palm Beach Stakes on the turf at Gulfstream on March 6 and is trying the synthetics for the first time since running third in his maiden outing at Keeneland last April.
"That (Gulfstream race) was a very good race on a speed-biased course, so Turfway will be just what the doctor ordered," trainer Mike Maker said. "The farther he goes, the better."


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