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The Digital Panopticon
Tracing London Convicts in Britain & Australia, 1780-1925
Tag Archives: imprisonment
Australia's Convict Sites: Shared past, their present, our future?
Our recent trip to Australia for the Digital Panopticon conference was an invaluable opportunity for so many reasons. We were able to connect and learn from our colleagues across the globe, share our work and develop new ideas and, perhaps most rewarding of all, we had the opportunity to visit some of the remaining places and spaces of convict-era Australia.
Australia has a network of eleven convict sites, designated as UNESCO world heritage sites, in which the buildings and areas of land of Australia's first penal system are preserved and open to the public. These sites are places of both education and tourism. Australia's convict heritage sites achieve on a much larger scale the kinds of entertainment and education we can find at home in places like the Galleries of Justice, and Dartmoor Prison Museum. Yet Australia's transformation from British colony to independent state has allowed it to own and present its convict history in a more frank and reflective way than many of our home grown sites of dark tourism. Australia had been able to separate the historic injustices of the system of transportation from the modern Australian state. Something which seems to inspire a readiness to display their convict past in a more open and critical way than perhaps we do for similar in the UK.
I was lucky enough to visit four of the eleven Australian UNESCO convict sites, which gave a great sense for how the convict past can be preserved and presented. Below I share a few thoughts – and pictures – for each of the sites.
Hyde Park Barracks
The old convict barracks at Hyde Park are one of the earliest of Australia's Convict heritage sites. Opened in 1819 and used for convicts until 1848 the barracks housed the male convicts who arrived at Sydney Cove (very little remains of the first settlement at Botany Bay). While women were sent out to work for private persons, male convicts were required to undertake public works. Thus, during the day they would labour on the roads and building sites of Australia's first European settlement and at night they would report back to lodgings at Hyde Park Barracks to be counted, fed, and sheltered.
The front of Hyde Park Barracks – central Sydney
The barracks now operate as a 'living history museum' which members of the public can tour with or without a free audio guide. There are three levels of the building to visit. The first of which gives not only an overview of the history of convict transportation and the development of Sydney, but also insight into how conservation and interpretation work has been carried out. Two further floors explore the residence of Australia's first convicts (and other uses to which the building was put in the post-convict era). The majority of the rooms inside the barracks are sparsely decorated and furnished. Boards provide information on the uses of each room, but visitors are left to take in the space and imagine how convicts used it.
One exception to this on the middle floor is the 'bunk room'. A simple timber frame suspend dozens of tightly packed canvas hammocks, the likes of which early convicts would have slept on. Visitors have the option to try a hammock to get a sense of sleeping arrangements for early convicts.
As a museum, Hyde Park Barracks are probably the least atmospheric of the convict sites– and most familiar in format for UK visitors. However they still provided information of genuine interest and importance, and had used some really thoughtful interpretation to encourage visitors to engage with the space and the experiences of convicts who previously inhabited it.
The beauty and serenity of Port Arthur's grounds makes it difficult as a visitor to truly comprehend the brutality of life at Australia's most famous 'site of secondary punishment'. A place where the worst reoffending convicts were sent. The complex also includes several other sites such as the cemetery island, and Point Puer a site used for juveniles, both of which visitors are able to 'cruise' to.
Port Arthur Historic Convict Site
For the main part, the buildings at Port Arthur are derelict. Shells of former buildings, in some cases little more than ruins. Surprisingly, this does not detract from the atmosphere or effect of the place, rather it enhances it. While visitors are free to take group tours or special more fun-focussed events like 'ghost walks', Port Arthur is also a place where visitors are free to walk round, explore the buildings, and reflect on the history of the site. Interpretation and reconstruction has been left to a minimum.
Port Arthur Penitentiary from the outside
The inside of the penitentiary showing the location of now absent cells
Remnants of penitentiary cells
Of all the buildings on Port Arthur, it is the visitor's centre, and the separate prison which resemble most closely sites like the Hyde Park Barracks. Beneath the visitors centre a –soon to be reinterpreted- exhibition gives the feel for the story and process of transportation to Tasmania (and contains the odd familiar face too). The DP's Hamish Maxwell-Stewart was instrumental in the creation of Port Arthur's current visitor centre exhibition.
The well-preserved separate prison provides corridors of cells for visitors to see and a separate and silent chapel to explore. With the audio and visual effects kept to a minimum, the eerie quietness of this site gives a fantastic sense for the isolation and tension prisoners must have lived with on a daily basis.
The separate cells
Port Arthur's separate chapel
Cascades Female Factory
Cascades female factory (to the south and west of central Hobart) is one of the smaller of Australia's convict sites. Much like the interpretation at Port Arthur, reconstruction has been kept to a minimum. Information is available but the ruins of the site are left to speak for themselves. The site at which female convicts were detained when they arrived in Tasmania before being sent out to work, for punishment of a secondary offence, or in case of pregnancy under sentence, sits unassuming and barely noticeable at the side of a road, with little outside signage to indicate the significance of its former years.
The outside of Cascades Female Factory
Very litter remains of the factory grounds – barely more than the outside walls. Again, like at Port Arthur, rather than chose reconstructive buildings that let visitors experience the space 'as it would have been', at Cascades Female Factory subtle markings and a few information boards tell the story while allowing visitors to take in the size of the plot, the oppressive presence of the steep hills to the rear, and the full force of the elements outside.
The plan of the former yard, and the physical space
Wandering through the remains of three of the original five yards on a cold and drizzling day provided a sense of the bleak, claustrophobic, and isolated existence prisoners would have experienced at the factory.
Fremantle Prison:
The most recent of Australia's convict sites, Fremantle prison is unique in that its penal history stretches from its convict origin in the 1850s until 1991 when it ceased to operate as a state prison. In that time the prison has become so much more than a convict site. Something reflected in how its heritage is presented to visitors.
Visitors can only access Fremantle prison by one of three guided tours, only one of which is a general guide to the history of the prison, and not themed like the ''great escapes' tour. However, due to the nature of the site it is the most complete and 'authentic' experience of a convict-era prison as the majority of buildings have been preserved completely.
Fremantle Prison's 'Division 2' Wing
Built by Western Australian convicts in the 1850s and used to detain them until the last convicts to WA in 1868 were freed, the history of the convict experience is intermingled with the history of imprisonment. Distinctions between what facets of prison life belong to the convict era, and which developed later are not always clear. However, the prison provides a fantastic opportunity see original convict cells fitted with replica hammocks and furniture next to larger, later, cells showing how conditions for prisoners improved in the post-transportation era.
The condemned cell, and two examples of convict-era cells at Fremantle Prison
Some other elements including the chapel are also preserved as they would have been in the convict era.
Yet due to the prison's use throughout the twentieth century – a later history still very much preoccupying former prison staff who now act as guides and in other roles around the site – modernisation of exercise yards, kitchens, bathrooms means that unlike other convict sites, Freemantle prison has inevitably lost some of its convict-era identity.
Australia's convict sites provide some of the best preserved and most fascinating physical reminders of the transportation era. Ultimately, all of the sites are undertaking a difficult balancing act. First and foremost they preserve some of (white) Australia's most important heritage, and educate visitors about the history of crime, punishment, and convicts in a surprisingly sympathetic way. Yet these sites also succeed in encouraging entertainment-driven tourism so important to funding heritage projects and future preservation.
A chance to see the buildings and surroundings, so important in the lives of the individuals we study, was a real privilege. Each visit was a moving – and thought provoking – experience, the likes of which are still largely out of reach in the U.K. What seems to make convict sites so unique is that, East, West, and South, Australia's convict heritage is presented as an unpleasant feature of the British past – something modern Australia has come to terms with and learnt from while remaining wholly separate to– in terms of both justice and human experience. An important factor which hasn't been fully achieved in many UK sites of crime and justice heritage. After all, while Australia is preserving its convict sites as places of history, heritage and education, some of the most famous remnants of our own convict era, prisons like Brixton, Pentonville, and Wormwood Scrubs, function not as tools for learning and reflection, but still in their original capacity.
This entry was posted in Convict Lives, Events, Penal Outcomes and tagged Australia, convicts, Dark Tourism, Heritage, imprisonment, prisoners, prisons, transportation, women convicts on 20th September 2016 by .
Criminal Records: Prison Licences
Home Office and Prison Commission Licences are one of the core sources being used by the Digital Panopticon to trace the lives of nineteenth century convicts sentenced to imprisonment in England. Licences began to be issued in 1853 when the 1853 Penal Servitude Act officially substituted terms of transportation for terms of imprisonment. Licences granted convicts undertaking penal servitude freedom before the expiration of their sentence in a system closely modelled on the Australian 'Ticket-of-Leave'. The licence system remained in place well into the twentieth century.
The licences are split into two collections, the PCOM 3 licences for male convicts and PCOM 4 for female convicts. However, only a proportion of the total licences issued between the 1850s and 1940s have survived and are accessible to the public. For women only licences issued between 1853-1871 and 1882-1887 are available, and for men licences issued between 1853-1887.
What are the licences?
A licence document was issued for each convict on release, detailing the conditions of their freedom. However, the prison 'licences' can actually refer to a much larger collection of documents covering an individual's entire time in penal servitude. The PCOM licences can contain items such as a penal record detailing criminal history, medical evaluation form, prison punishment records, and notes of applications by the prisoner to the Secretary of State. From the 1870s onwards, licence bundles also contain photographs of offenders and records relating to their correspondence in prison and, on occasion, police intelligence about their associates and former lives.
This example shows the licence issued for Caroline Jones when she was released in 1866, and her reception form at Newgate Gaol from when her sentence began.
These collections of documents were created by a number of officials over the course of an individual's incarceration. Various legislation over the second half of the nineteenth century, such as the 1869 Habitual Criminals Act, made provision for the collection of an increasing volume of data about offenders. Some forms, like the penal record, were completed as a convict was processed into prison, others were produced over time as a convict served their sentence. Medical records, record of punishment, and applications and letters travelled with a convict to each institution they spent time in where it became the duty of different administrators to keep them up to date.
This left hand example shows the medical record of Elizabeth Davis, partially completed on her admission to prison, but updated with details of her weight every time she moved to a new institution. The right hand example shows the punishment record of Elizabeth Davis as she served a sentence of penal servitude in Woking prison between 1873 and 1875. Further entries were added each time she committed a prison offence.
Why are they important to historians?
How, when and, most importantly, why such extensive information relating to convicts was collected over the course of the nineteenth century is currently being explored as part of the Digital Panopticon's Epistemologies theme.
The PCOM prison licences give historians an unparalleled insight into the imprisonment of thousands of ordinary nineteenth century convicts. The multifaceted remit of these records means that they are useful for studying the personal details of individual convicts and following their journey to and through the convict prison system. Documents within the licence bundles offer us the chance to amass details such as aliases and criminal histories, names and addresses of family members, police intelligence about a convicts 'character' and previous life all of which can be used to find the same individual in other sources. These records are also useful for developing a more comprehensive understanding of the prison regime during the mid and late nineteenth century imprisonment came to define penal experience after the end of transportation. Institutional paper-work shows how the system of labour, diet, and marks for gratuity operated on a daily basis. Lastly, any of these records allow us to examine in more detail individual facets of the convict prison system. Whether that be the development of medical provision for prisoners over time, or the punitive measures taken to control the prison population.
This example shows the penal record of Elizabeth Davis, stating her full conviction record and several aliases which can be used to trace her in other records.
Problems with the licences
Despite the potential of these records there are issues and limitations that researchers should be aware of. There is a lack of consistency in the content of licences. Some of the earliest examples have little more than the paper licence issued for prisoner release, and later licences (from the 1870 and 1880s in particular) can have vast amounts of material. The style and content of recorded information also changes over time. Whilst this can be useful for epistemological questions and examining the development of the administrative prison system, it does present a challenge when creating research questions relating to inmate experience across time. Whilst offering a great amount of detail about individuals and their lives inside (and often outside) prison, the documents were written from the perspective of the prison system. The emotional lives of inmates, their motivations, and experiences are not often explored. For example, the licences can help historians investigate the difficult and dangerous environment in which prisoners lived. Instances of prisoner violence and distress are very commonly recorded on prison offence forms. However, the forms do not record contextual exploration of why and how such behaviours occurred. Likewise, information relating to key issues such as mental illness are largely absent from these documents.
Nonetheless, the diverse range of documents available through the PCOM prison licence collection remain one of the best and most important sources for researching the men and women confined in Victorian convict institutions. The PCOM licences give us a rare insight into the minutia of daily prison life. Most importantly, these sources provide otherwise unavailable information about thousands of individuals serving time in prison between the 1850s and 1880s. Licence documents can prove essential for understanding the lives of prisoners and for collecting information which lets us trace how they arrived in prison, and what happened after their release.
This entry was posted in Biometrics, Penal Outcomes and tagged convicts, criminal records, health and illness, History of crime, imprisonment, penal servitude, prisoners, record keeping, sources on 13th November 2015 by .
Amelia Acton, a petty thief with a string of convictions
Some of Amelia's previous convictions, 1866 (TNA PCOM 4/45/7)
Amelia Acton can be identified (with certainty) in the Old Bailey Online just once, in a trial for uttering (passing) counterfeit coin in 1854 – even though she was tried using a different name, Amelia Smith, and there is no mention of an Amelia Acton in that trial. We can connect Amelia Smith with the Amelia Acton who was convicted of a string of thefts using several different aliases between 1851 and 1866 because 19th-century bureaucrats were increasingly concerned to identify and record recidivists so that they could be punished more severely. Several of the records the project is using included information about previous convictions.
This list for Amelia is compiled from two sources: TNA PCOM4, Female Prison Licences (1853-83, records relating to women prisoners sentenced to penal servitude and released early on licence), and LMA MJ/CP/B, Calendars of Prisoners in the Middlesex House of Detention (1855-1889). MJ/CP/B is not currently online, and these records are in the process of being digitised for Digital Panopticon. Brief item-level descriptions for PCOM4 can be found on TNA's website and the images are at Ancestry.co.uk. We will be rekeying more extensive data from these (and PCOM3, the counterparts for male prisoners), including information about previous convictions, health and physical descriptions, and offences in prison.
Another list of previous convictions, 1866 (LMA MJ/CP/B/13, 5 Nov 1866)
Middlesex Sessions, February 1851, as Sarah Smith: larceny (table cloths); sentenced to 4 months
Middlesex Sessions (Westmr), September 1851: larceny (shawl?); 12 months
Middlesex Sessions (Westmr), November 1852, as Amelia Welsh: larceny; 9 months
Central Criminal Court, February 1854, Amelia Smith: uttering counterfeit coin, 6 months
Middlesex Sessions, December 1854: larceny; 4 years.
Middlesex Sessions, April 1855: felony; 4 years penal servitude
Middlesex Sessions, August 1859: larceny; 4 years penal servitude
Middlesex Sessions, February 1861: larceny; 4 months
Westminster police court, March 1864: 3 months
Marylebone police court, July 1864 as Amelia Sayers: 4 months
Middlesex Sessions, November 1866: stealing a gown; 7 years penal servitude
I'm not certain that all of these records are completely accurate. I've definitely identified the following Middlesex Sessions convictions:
Middlesex Sessions (Westminster) 15 August 1859 (MJ/CP/B/6): tried as Amelia Acton, aged 40, trade "ironer", for the theft of 23 yards of carpet value 15s. of Ann Boyce widow (felony); pleaded guilty to larceny after previous convictions and sentenced to 4 years penal servitude.
Middlesex Sessions (Clerkenwell) 5 November 1866 (MJ/CP/B/13): tried as Amelia Acton, aged 54, trade "washer", for the theft of a gown value 12s of Thomas Gardner; pleaded guilty to larceny and receiving after previous convictions and sentenced to 7 years penal servitude.
Penal servitude was a harsher form of imprisonment in special 'convict prisons', including hard labour, which replaced transportation in the 1850s for repeat offenders. Amelia was sentenced to penal servitude on three occasions, in 1855, 1859 and 1866. Prisoners serving penal servitude sentences might be released early on licence (probation), but if they re-offended they were likely to have their licences revoked and be returned to prison. This happened to Amelia in early 1863 – just months after she'd been released on licence in October 1862. She was released when that sentence expired in August 1865, but she was back in the convict prison system again within 15 months. She was released on licence once again to the "Battery House Refuge" in February 1871 and I haven't found any further offending records.
Are there other trials before 1851 or after 1866 that aren't recorded in this list? But I'll keep looking as we get more data… There are other Amelia Smiths who might be the right age in the Old Bailey Online, but no Amelia Acton or Amelia Welsh. If there are more, why aren't they recorded with the rest? But if not, why did Amelia turn to crime in 1851 and why did she stop in 1871 after barely being able to stay out of prison for more than a few months at a time for 15 years?
What else do we know about Amelia? Quite a lot, though there's one slight puzzle. In the records before 1866 Amelia's age is quite consistent, with a year of birth around 1820. But in 1866, her age is given as 54 (y.o.b. about 1812) – she's gained about 8 years! We know that ages were rarely precise for people born before civil registration started in 1837, but this seems an unusually large variation (there doesn't appear to be any question that it's the same woman). It certainly makes tracking her in other records more difficult. But so does the variety of names we have to search for: four different surnames and two given names!
We know a lot about Amelia from the PCOM4 records (which are amazingly rich). She was already married with a child by 1855; Acton was her married name, and her maiden name may have been Welsh (or Welch). Her mother was living in Nightingale Street, Lisson Grove in 1855. Her complexion was dark, with dark brown hair and hazel eyes, and she was just over 5 feet tall. She put on weight as she reached middle age – she went from being described as 'thin' in 1860 to 'stout' in 1866. She was a laundress (or in closely related trades) according to several of the records. In 1870 she suffered from rheumatism – maybe age and poor health are the main reasons why she didn't reoffend after 1871.
Beyond the criminal records, there are some possible matches in Census and civil registration records. There is an Amelia Welsh, aged 20, living in the St Pancras area in the 1841 Census. And there is an Amelia Acton, a widow aged 70 (consistent with the older age given in 1866), and whose occupation is given as laundress, in the 1881 Census. Sadly, this Amelia was a pauper in St Marylebone Workhouse. It looks like, for her, crime really didn't pay. Finally, possibly, there is a death record in 1888 for an Amelia Acton, aged 79, at Guildford, Surrey.
Do you know anything about Amelia? Please let us know!
[This post is one of a series of Convict Tales, in which we post about individual convicts whose lives the project has begun to link together. It may be updated as we learn more.]
This entry was posted in Convict Lives, Convict Tales and tagged imprisonment, penal servitude, small data, women convicts on 30th July 2015 by Sharon Howard.
Nineteenth-Century Criminal Tattoos Project 7th November 2018
Gendered Justice? The Fate of Convicted Murderers at the Old Bailey, 1780-1880 7th September 2018
Educational Resource for A-Level Students Created by the Digital Panopticon's Emma Watkins 24th January 2018
FREE Public Engagement Programme to accompany the LMA 'Criminal Lives, 1780-1925' Exhibition 20th December 2017
Ron Crisp on The Digital Panopticon team get 'creative'.
Diane Solomon Westerhuis on The voices of the Old Bailey: 'Data Sprint' workshop, University of Sussex
Raymond on The voices of the Old Bailey: 'Data Sprint' workshop, University of Sussex
Diane Solomon Westerhuis on Australia's Convict Sites: Shared past, their present, our future?
Babette Smith on Australia's Convict Sites: Shared past, their present, our future?
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Big in Japan may refer to:

 Big in Japan (phrase), a literal or ironic expression

Music
 Big in Japan (band), a 1970s British punk band
 Big in Japan: Live in Tokyo 2010, an album by Klaus Schulze, 2010
 "Big in Japan" (Alphaville song), 1984; covered by Guano Apes (2000) and others
 "Big in Japan" (Martin Solveig song), 2011
 "Big in Japan", a song by Big in Japan from Brutality, Religion and a Dance Beat, 1977
 "Big in Japan", a song by Tom Waits from Mule Variations, 1999

Other media
 I Survived a Japanese Game Show, the American version of the Big in Japan franchise format, a 2008–2009 TV show
 People Just Do Nothing: Big in Japan, a 2021 British comedy film
 Fantastic Four/Iron Man: Big in Japan, a 2005–2006 comic book series by Seth Fisher and Zeb Wells

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Since its inception in 2005, the Education Advocacy Trust (EdAT) has created unique opportunities for the psychology education and training community to personally engage in political activities. By attending fundraising events on behalf of key members of Congress, psychologists are able to speak directly to congressional leaders who are working to increase federal investments in psychology workforce programs. EdAT staff have also been able to attend fundraisers to underscore the contributions of health service psychologists in Community Health Centers, Federally Qualified Health Centers and National Health Service Corps sites. EdAT enables psychologists to speak directly with members of Congress about legislation of interest to the broad discipline of psychology and of vital concern to the psychology education and training community.
Below is a brief summary of past events.
EdAT held a reception and fundraiser in January to honor Joanne Callan, PhD, winner of the the PAC's Political Advocacy Champion Award. Callan, the distinguished professor at the California School of Professional Psychology-San Diego, Alliant International University, received the award for her significant contributions to advancing psychology education advocacy, as well as her leadership and ongoing support of political advocacy efforts.
Callan served as the first executive director for education, and was responsible for the establishment of APA's Education Directorate, and the Education Government Relations Office (formerly the Public Policy Office), thus making education advocacy a major priority for the association. The event raised funds for the APAPO-PAC's Education Fund.
EdAT staff attended a fundraising breakfast for Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., ranking member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education. DeLauro has been a passionate advocate for the Graduate Psychology Education (GPE) Program and instrumental in ensuring the program grew to nearly $7 million in Fiscal Year 2014.
In September, Rep. Nita Lowey, D-N.Y., ranking member of the powerful House Appropriations Committee, was honored at a dinner held at the same time as the Education Leadership Conference. In remarks delivered before the dinner, the congresswoman reaffirmed her longstanding support for the GPE program.
Rep. Mike Honda, D-Calif., a member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education was honored at a dinner held at the same time as the Education Leadership Conference in Washington, D.C. In December 2013, EdAT staff attended a fundraiser for Honda to thank him for his continued support for the inclusion of doctoral psychology education and training programs in the new Behavioral Health Workforce Education and Training Grant Program.
Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., was honored for her continued leadership as ranking member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education on behalf psychology education and training in recognizing the importance of improving mental and behavioral health outcomes. Demonstrating her unbridled dedication, enthusiasm and ability to motivate, DeLauro encouraged the psychologist-constituents to educate members of Congress about the strong role psychologists play in integrated healthcare. She urged everyone to fight for funding for the GPE Program, which addresses the mental and behavioral health needs of the most vulnerable in our nation.
Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., was honored at a dinner held at the same time as the Education Leadership Conference, to thank her for her support for federal investments in psychology education and training and expanding the role of psychologists in Federally Qualified Health Centers. Lee is a member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education, which provides funding for psychology education and training programs administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration.
Rep. David Obey, D-Wis., chair of the House Appropriations Committee, was honored at a separate dinner sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Psychology (AAP), which was held in Orlando, Florida, during the same time as the 2010 Joint Conference of Training Councils in Psychology. Obey was recognized for his support of the GPE Program.
Rep. Gene Green, D-Texas, was honored at an Association for Advancement of Psychology (AAP) PLAN dinner at the same time as the 2009 Education Leadership Conference in Washington, D.C. Green was recognized for his leadership in securing bill language in the House Health Care Reform legislation for federal funding for psychology training as well as for introducing a bill, H.R. 2066, to explicitly authorize the GPE Program.
In March 2008, Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., was honored at an AAP PLAN dinner at the same time as the International Counseling Psychology Conference in Chicago. Murray is a member of the Appropriations Committee, the Health, Education, Labor & Pensions Committee and the Veterans Affairs Committee. She is also chair of the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Subcommittee and a member of the Military Construction-VA Appropriations Subcommittee, as well as the Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittee.
Murray successfully offered an amendment to the Senate Military Construction VA Appropriations bill on the Senate floor to allow the transfer in FY 2008 of up to $5 million to HRSA for the GPE Program for a focus on returning military personnel with PTSD, TBI or post-deployment readjustment problems.
A special dinner honoring Rep. Tim Ryan, D-Ohio, was held by the AAP PLAN at the same time as the 2008 Education Leadership Conference. Ryan is a member of the powerful House Committee on Appropriations and served on the Subcommittee on Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education. Ryan has been a strong supporter of the GPE Program.
Rep. Nita Lowey, D-N.Y., was honored at an AAP PLAN dinner at the same time as the 2007 Education Leadership Conference. As a senior and long-term member of the House Appropriations Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education Subcommittee, Lowey has enormous influence on Capitol Hill. Lowey has been a longtime proponent for education and a champion of health care services for women, children and the elderly, and recently a strong advocate for mental health care for returning veterans. Lowey has also expressed strong support for the Graduate Psychology Education Program.
The National Council of Schools and Programs of Professional Psychology (NCSPP) held a reception honoring Rep. Sam Farr, D-Calif., member of the powerful House Appropriations Committee. The NCSPP reception provided an opportunity for NCSPP members and California constituents to speak directly to the congressman about the importance of the GPE Program. A dinner was held for Farr by the AAP PLAN at the same time as the NCSPP conference.
Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., was honored at an AAP PLAN dinner at the same time as the 2006 Education Leadership Conference for her support of the GPE Program and other legislative initiatives of interest to psychology. DeLauro stated that she is very proud to be strong supporter of GPE, emphasizing that the GPE funded Yale Child Study Program and other GPE Programs are providing critically needed services to underserved populations all across the country. DeLauro assured everyone that she would fight hard for the GPE Program and pointed out that Congress also needs to pass Mental Health Parity legislation.
The NCSPP held a reception honoring Rep. Lucille Roybal-Allard, D-Calif., a member of the House Appropriations Labor-Health & Human Services-Education Subcommittee, during their January mid-winter meeting. Roybal-Allard, a strong supporter of mental and behavioral health services, as well as the education and training needs of psychologists, placed the GPE Program on her list of funding priorities for FY2005. A dinner was held for Roybal-Allard by the AAP PLAN at the same time as the NCSPP Conference.
Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., D-Ill., member of the powerful House Appropriations Labor, Health & Human Services, and Education Subcommittee, was honored at a reception held during APA's annual Education Leadership Conference. Jackson has been a longtime champion of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Minority Fellowship Program (which supports the APA Public Interest Directorate grant), as well as the Bureau of Health Professions GPE Program. Jackson spoke about his personal and professional experiences that have inspired his interest in public service and subsequent efforts to address the needs of underserved populations in the Chicago area and throughout the United States. A dinner was held for Jackson by the AAP PLAN at the same time as Education Leadership Conference.


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Q: How can I debug an Azure Cosmos DB stored procedure? I'm getting this error:
Error: Resulting message would be too large because of \\\"Body\\\". Return from script with current message and use continuation token to call the script again or modify your script.

When I run:
DocumentClient.ExecuteStoredProcedureAsync<object>(...)

I've tried reproducing the stored proc call in the Azure Portal, but when I run it, it never finishes.
I've left it like this for a few mins and no results are returned.
I can't see any network tab errors in the F12 Dev Tools:

Here's the stored proc code:
    function (contacts, companyReference, propertyReference) {
    var context = getContext();
    var collection = context.getCollection();
    var response = context.getResponse();
    var messageThreads = [];
    if (!contacts) throw new Error("contacts cannot be null");
    if (contacts.length == 0) {
        response.setBody(JSON.stringify(messageThreads));
    }
    var contactsLength = contacts.length - 1;
    var count = 0;
    GetContactMessages(contacts[count], callback);
    function GetContactMessages(cnt, callback) {
        var qry = 'SELECT r.Subject, r.Message, r.Participants, r.FromAddress, r.ToAddress, r.ThreadID, r.Sent, r.AttachmentUrls, r.id FROM root r WHERE r.DocType = 1 AND r.ToAddress.CompanyReference = "' + companyReference + '" AND r.ToAddress.ContactReference = "' + cnt.Item1 + '" AND r.ToAddress.ContactReferenceType = ' + cnt.Item2;
        if (cnt.ContactReferenceType === 3) {
            //owner contact type. return messages which are either about the owner or about a specific property.
            qry = qry + ' AND (r.EntityType = 0 OR (r.EntityType = 2 AND r.EntityReference = "' + propertyReference + '"))';
        }
        var accept = collection.queryDocuments(collection.getSelfLink(), qry, { pageSize: 1000 }, callback);
        if (!accept) throw "Unable to read messages, abort ";
    }
    function MessageExists(messages, messageId) {
        for (var i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
            if (messages[i].MessageID == messageId) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    function callback(err, documents, responseOptions) {
        if (err) throw new Error("Error" + err.message);
        var messages = documents;
        for (var i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
            var message = messages[i];
            var threadFound = false;
            var alreadyMatched = false;
            var matched = false;
            for (var j = 0; j < messageThreads.length; j++) {
                if (messageThreads[j].ThreadID == message.ThreadID) {
                    var thread = messageThreads[j];
                    if (message.Sent < thread.ThreadStartDate) {
                        thread.ThreadStartDate = message.Sent;
                    }
                    if (!MessageExists(thread.Messages, message.id)) {
                        thread.Messages.push({ MessageID: message.id, MessageDate: message.Sent, Sender: message.FromAddress.DisplayName, Message: message.Message, AttachmentUrls: message.AttachmentUrls });
                    }
                    threadFound = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!threadFound) {
                messageThreads.push({
                    Subject: message.Subject,
                    ThreadID: message.ThreadID,
                    Participants: message.Participants,
                    ThreadStartDate: message.Sent,
                    Messages: [{ MessageID: message.id, MessageDate: message.Sent, Sender: message.FromAddress.DisplayName, Message: message.Message, AttachmentUrls: message.AttachmentUrls }]
                });
            }
        }
        count++;
        if (count > contactsLength) {
            response.setBody(JSON.stringify(messageThreads));
        }
        else {
            GetContactMessages(contacts[count], callback);
        }
    }
}

Here are the inputs:
Partition key value = e8fd4796-ee13-4fb1-9417-23f1fb6c86af
contacts = [{ContactReferenceType:3, ContactReference:"872730"}, {ContactReferenceType:4, ContactReference:"872734"}]
companyReference = e8fd4796-ee13-4fb1-9417-23f1fb6c86af
propertyReference = 229113
How can I debug the stored proc to see where it's getting stuck?

A: I found a tab called console.log next to Result in the Azure Portal under the Javascript code.
This displayed any logs from console.log().
With trial and error I found that 1259 was the max the for loop would work with before I got the error.
The Body param in the exception message I think is from this line near the bottom of my code:
response.setBody(JSON.stringify(messageThreads));

The param name for setBody is probably Body.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


.. an odd phenomenon. That is, the urge to create fictional dystopias in the face of a real one.
Cinema poster for "Valerie And Her Week Of Wonders" — Jaromil Jires, Czechoslovakia, 1970.
and 'Valerie and Her Week of Wonders.' Not forgetting either that Ginsberg's 'Howl', quoted above, was written against the background of the conformist, "Father Knows Best" socio culture of 1950s USA, a dystopia all its own.
But this is not about that response to the un-respondable. This is about the modern-day version, where one response to dystopia is to hypothesize a dysphoria in the creative fantasies of others — rather than defining and exploring one's own. Some go so far as apply their intellectual and creative heft to the deconstruction and analysis of — children's cartoons?. From the individual musings — Aladdin is not set in the past, but a devastated post-industrial future; Cars portrays a macabre human-hybrid society — to the Grand Theory — all Pixar movies are set in the same universe, at different points in its timeline — it is clear that a lot of time and energy has been exerted on this stuff. Which raises the comment — Really? Is that all you got?
permanently in those anthropomorphized steel cases… Yes, that really is an all-purpose, er, exhaust pipe.
Carpet isn't just a 'magical carpet', he's a remnant of hover-technology that has been hidden in the Cave of Wonders, presumably to keep it safe from the coming nuclear war that turned the world in to a big empty desert. Agrabah isn't even a real place in the history of the Middle East. Instead it's assumed this is some form of future corruption of the names Egypt, Arabia and Afghanistan, used as a generalisation since specific nation states are largely irrelevant in the post-apocalyptic wastes.
We have our own dystopia, but some of our creatives are still making cuckoo clocks.
… very hard … maybe he's tired. Bottom line – he has nothing to add.
Previous PostPrevious A Dearth, Or A Plethora?


The River Griese Trout and Salmon Anglers Association was recently revived after a lull of some years, to maintain 15 miles of fantastic wild brown trout and salmon fishing along a small and fast-flowing river in Co. Kildare, which rates between eight and nine on the one to ten scale operated by Inland Fisheries (Ireland).
As part of its revival, the new committee decided to have a website built, to serve Association members and 'outside' anglers alike. They came to us to build it for them.
To showcase the hidden gem of the River Griese and the fantastic fishing it offers.
To provide a facility for membership applications/renewals.
To provide a facility for reporting catches, incidents of pollution, etc.
To provide details and maps of its eleven fishing 'beats', and the 'Countryside Code' that it asks anglers to abide by.
Our copywriter then liaised with a committee spokesperson to get all detail needed, before composing and compiling all material in the manner in which it could be best presented on the site.
Our designer took all material supplied and used it to create a stunningly-attractive site, with a colour scheme that screams of the outdoors and strategic use of gallery images that make you just want to get up and go fishing.
Downloads such as Beat Maps, Association Rules, and the draft Association Constitution were arranged so they can easily be found and accessed, with the entire site being fully responsive for viewing on mobile devices.
While SEO was not as major a consideration on this project as it would be on most others, we still paid our trademark diligent attention to both on-page and off-page SEO measures, such as keyword placement, image tags, meta titles, etc.
The end result is a fantastic website that we (and our clients!) believe compares more than favourably to the website of any other angling association or fishing club in Ireland.
What is two - 0?


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This a new 2 day course with very little overlap with our other change management courses.
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Learn the theory and practice of change management and gain an internationally recognised qualification. Note that this change management course is fully accredited by APMG , based on a text book aligned with the Change Management Body of Knowledge and endorsed by the Change Management Institute. There are also additional practical tools and tips that you won't find in other courses.
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The Project Laneways Agile PM Foundation course is a three day event and covers all you need to know to run an Agile PM project. It also includes a detailed introduction to Scrum. The Agile PM Practitioner training course is held over one day and will probe the detail learnt in the Foundation and challenge your understanding. This leads to a more advanced qualification and greater confidence in your ability to put the methodology into practice. We recommend that candidates consider doing the Foundation and Practitioner courses back to back. Both courses are 100% Money-Back Guaranteed!
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Many people would like to save the world. Many of us find fault with our world in which poverty, homelessness, war and other evils exist. We want to be part of the solution, and we think we are. We have aspirations to take on the big things, but we ignore the little things.
We fail to realize that, if we are not faithful with the little things, we will not accomplish the big things. When we fail in the little things, we are part of the problem and not part of the solution.
I count myself among the many. I don't always do the right thing. So, I am preaching to myself and to anyone who cares to listen.
One little, petty example got me thinking about this. It is not a big thing, but that is exactly the point. The little things that we ignore and discount add up. The little things are what define our character and the direction of our lives. The little things become the big things.
Before I give you the example, I urge you not to react the way I would be inclined to react. I might be tempted to say, "Well, I didn't do that. He is not talking about me." If you have not done what I am going to describe, don't think you are off the hook. I guarantee you, if you are human, you have done something else that is similar.


text:
Home » About » Our Faculty » Loretta Sweet Jemmott
Loretta Sweet Jemmott, PhD, FAAN, RN
Professor Emerita of Nursing
Dr. Jemmott is one of the nation's foremost researchers in the field of HIV/AIDS prevention among African American adolescents, having been involved with $74 million in federal funding devoted to this issue during the course of her career. Several of her curricula have been designated for national use by the Centers for Disease Control. Her reputation has achieved international proportions, having recently been invited to South Africa to help impact HIV/AIDS in Africa.
I have observed how the HIV/AIDS epidemic has disproportionately impacted the African American community, becoming convinced the incidence could be reduced if people changed their sexual behaviors. Our research has demonstrated remarkable success reducing HIV risk associated sexual behaviors among African American adolescents and adults, specifically reducing the clinical incidence of STDs among African American women. Continued research will reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Email: jemmott@nursing.upenn.edu
Family & Community Health
Dr. Jemmott has taught undergraduate and graduate courses particularly in the area of AIDS NURS 360 "AIDS Case Study" and human sexuality NURS 503 "Contemporary Issues in Human Sexuality." In Spring, 2001 Dr. Jemmott, along with a masters prepared nurse practitioner, designed and taught NUR 098 "Sexual Health Promotion and Risk Reduction in West Philadelphia: A Seminar on Urban Campus/Community Norms," funded by the University of Pennsylvania's Center for Community Partnership. Dr. Jemmott is very committed to the area of health promotion and disease prevention. One of her goals is to prepare nurses and colleagues from various disciplines to become excellent research scientists in this area. Therefore, Dr. Jemmott intends to launch a new course on health promotion and disease prevention with a focus on minority health and health disparities with her colleague, Dr. Susan Gennaro. Deeply committed to mentoring minority faculty and students Dr. Jemmott launched the Hampton-Penn Project, a mentoring and research training collaboration with Hampton University School of Nursing (a historically black university).
Dr. Jemmott has been involved in extensive outcome-based, theory driven, and culturally competent National Institutes of Health-funded research designing and evaluating interventions to reduce HIV risk-associated sexual behaviors. Dr. Jemmott and her colleagues have conducted a series of randomized controlled behavioral intervention trials aimed at increasing safer sex behaviors among inner-city minority youth, women, and family members. These trials have demonstrated remarkable success reducing HIV risk associated behaviors among adolescents and women. The success of her theory-based research expands beyond HIV prevention broadening the research paradigm for health outcomes research including strategies to reduce other behavior-linked health problems, e.g. cancer (smoking), heart disease (nutrition and exercise). To date, three of her evidenced-based interventions have been translated into programs used both nationally and internationally by community-based organizations and clinics in high-risk urban areas. Dr. Jemmott's work is acknowledged by her colleagues as the vanguard in health promotion and disease prevention, particularly in the field of behavioral intervention research. Currently, Dr. Jemmott is Principal Investigator on two new NIMH-funded 5-year randomized controlled studies entitled, " The Church-Based Parent-Child HIV Prevention Project" and "Reducing HIV Sexual Risk Among Black Substance Abusing Women". She is also a Co-Investigator on seven other randomized controlled trials, including a NIMH funded HIV risk reduction study for South African youth.
Dr. Jemmott considers community service and research in community settings as her area of practice. An important component of her work is reaching out and building partnerships to improve the quality of life of various racial/ethnic groups and communities. For the past five years, she has been actively involved with various community-based organizations regarding issues in minority health, especially in the area of AIDS, to design, implement and evaluate HIV prevention programs. Such agencies include the Philadelphia Urban League, the Philadelphia Housing Authority, and Black churches across the city. She has also worked with the City of Philadelphia's Health Department HIV Commission Community Prevention Planning Group to train community leaders to implement theory based, evidenced-based, culturally sensitive HIV prevention projects in communities of color. Noted for her expertise building community-university partnerships, she is invited to travel across the country to train other scientists and leaders in various communities on this topic.
Emotion Regulation an Important Link to HIV/STI Prevention in Black Adolescents with Mental Illnesses
Nearly half of all US adolescents aged 13 to 19 are sexually active. But black adolescents, who represent only 14 percent of that population, account for 63 percent of new cases of HIV among adolescents. In addition, it's estimated that more than 2 million adolescents, many of whom are sexually active, experience a major depressive episode.
Educational Program Successful at Reducing Forced Sex in South African Adolescents
A six-session, school-based program for 6th graders on sexual risk behaviors significantly reduced the chances over four years that the students would force sex on someone.
Relationship Found Between HIV Risk & Individual AND Community Level Educational Status
African-American men who have sex with men (MSM) remain at heightened risk for HIV infection and account for the largest number of African-Americans living with HIV/AIDS. It has long been understood that there is a clear and persistent association between poverty, transactional sex behavior, and HIV risk. A new University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) study has investigated how educational status relates to HIV risk in this population.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Written testimony of the U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement for a House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security hearing titled "Border Security Threats to the Homeland: DHS' Response to Innovative Tactics and Techniques"
Written testimony of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations Executive Associate Director James Dinkins for a House Committee on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security hearing titled "Border Security Threats to the Homeland: DHS' Response to Innovative Tactics and Techniques"
311 Cannon
Chairman Miller, Ranking Member Cuellar, and distinguished members of the Subcommittee:
On behalf of Secretary Napolitano and Director Morton, thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss the efforts of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to address border security threats to the United States, our response to innovative tactics and techniques being used by transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), and how Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) is working to investigate, disrupt and dismantle the TCOs.
ICE has the most expansive investigative authority and largest force of investigators in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). With more than 20,000 employees and a budget of nearly $6 billion, ICE has nearly 7,000 special agents assigned to more than 200 cities throughout the United States and 71 offices in 47 countries worldwide. HSI is well-positioned to disrupt and dismantle transnational criminal networks by targeting the illicit pathways and organizations that engage in human smuggling and produce, transport, and distribute illicit contraband.
HSI targets transnational criminal organizations at every critical phase in the cycle: internationally in cooperation with foreign counterparts, where transnational criminal and terrorist organizations operate; at our nation's physical border and ports of entry (POEs) in coordination with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), where the transportation cells attempt to exploit America's legitimate trade, travel, and transportation systems; and in coordination with our federal, state, local and tribal law enforcement partners throughout the United States, where criminal organizations earn substantial profits off the smuggling of aliens and narcotics.
No one entity can tackle global criminal enterprises alone. Rather, it requires a multi-agency, multi-national, and layered approach. To that end, HSI forges strong and cooperative relationships and works closely with our state, local, tribal, Federal, and international partners toward our mission to uphold public safety and protect national security.
Illicit Pathways Attack Strategy (IPAS)
Last July, an important step in fighting transnational crime was taken when the Administration issued its Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime (TOC Strategy). This strategy complements the current National Security Strategy, and other national strategies such as the National Drug Control Strategy, by focusing on the growing threat of international criminal networks. The strategy's single unifying principle is to build, balance, and integrate the tools of American power to combat transnational organized crime, and related threats to national security—and to urge our foreign partners to do the same.
HSI designed the IPAS to build, balance, and integrate its authorities and resources, both domestic and foreign, in a focused and comprehensive manner to target, disrupt, and dismantle transnational organized crime. As recognized in the TOC Strategy, resources are not limitless, and targets must be prioritized in a systematic manner. The IPAS will provide a mechanism for ICE to prioritize threats and vulnerabilities within its mission and to coordinate its own efforts internally and within the interagency.
The IPAS goes beyond the Nation's physical borders. We are working with our foreign and domestic law enforcement partners to attack transnational crime at all points along illicit pathways and break down transnational networks that operate within the United States.
IPAS is a coordinated strategy to attack criminal networks at multiple locations along the illicit travel continuum. The concept involves four basic principles which will be conducted with the appropriate agencies having authority, such as coordination with the DEA on drug-related matters.
Attacking criminal networks within and beyond our borders;
Prioritizing networks and pathways that pose the greatest threats;
Participating in and facilitating robust interagency engagement; and
Pursuing a coordinated, regional approach that leverages international partners.
We focused our first IPAS on high-risk human smuggling in the Western Hemisphere to identify and target human smuggling organizations and their pathways across the globe. HSI is the lead Federal agency responsible for investigation of human smuggling and this core mission function directly impacts national security, public safety, and human dignity. Human smuggling is also a crime that converges with other threats. For example, many human smuggling networks rely upon corrupt public officials to facilitate their efforts. Mexican drug cartels earn large quantities of money by charging human smugglers for permission to use their drug routes to enter the United States. These networks also are involved in bulk cash smuggling, trade-based money laundering, illicit finance schemes, and the use of hawalas and other money or value transfer services to move, transfer, and launder their proceeds.
While our initial focus of IPAS has been on human smuggling, in the coming months we plan to expand this strategy to include illicit finance and eventually every HSI investigative program area. These initiatives will be established by following all mandated protocols based on other U.S. Government authorities and MOU's with other federal agencies.
The IPAS combines traditional law enforcement investigations and prosecutions with efforts to overtly disrupt and deter the underlying criminal activity. Experience has shown that if we simply try to disrupt criminal activity by focusing law enforcement action in one geographic area, we only succeed in "squeezing the balloon," and criminal organizations will quickly adapt and shift to an area where detection or interdiction by law enforcement is less likely. HSI's goal is to not only stop individual criminals, but also to stop or reduce the criminal activity and dismantle the entire criminal enterprise.
Illegal Tunneling on the Southwest Border
The use of clandestine cross-border tunnels represents a growing threat to border security and has been on the rise since the first documented tunnel was discovered in 1990. Since then, 154 tunnel attempts have been discovered, all but one of which were located along the Southwest Border. Over the past several years, HSI has seen a marked increase in not only the number, but also the sophistication of tunnels discovered.
In 2003, HSI created the multi-agency San Diego Tunnel Task Force (TTF) to identify, disrupt and dismantle TCOs that seek to exploit the border between the United States and Mexico by constructing subterranean tunnels and passageways for the purpose of smuggling. In 2006, HSI incorporated the San Diego TTF into the newly-established Border Enforcement Security Task Force (BEST) to promote border-related coordination between Federal, state, local, tribal, and international law enforcement agencies.
The TTF brings together investigators from several agencies including ICE, CBP, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Department of Defense, and various state and local agencies to combat the tunnel threat. One of the primary goals of the TTF is to stop tunnels before they become operational. Nearly half of all tunnels discovered to date were not yet operating at the time of discovery. This trend has increased over recent years, and demonstrates the success of our collective efforts on the TTF and our increased coordination with the Government of Mexico. In March 2012, a BEST TTF was expanded to Nogales, Arizona in an effort to combat TCO exploitation of the Arizona border via subterranean passageways.
The considerable sophistication and extensive time and labor required to construct a tunnel suggests that smugglers consider it a useful investment despite the risk of interdiction. For example, on November 29, 2011, agents assigned to the San Diego TTF discovered a cross-border tunnel that stretched nearly a half-mile long. The tunnel extended 1,844 feet and included shoring, electricity, ventilation, and a rail system to assist in ferrying contraband. During the course of the investigation, HSI special agents, in conjunction with DEA, CBP and our state and local partners seized over 32 tons of marijuana, one handgun, and arrested six suspects associated with the tunnel operations.
To complement our investigations, HSI, DEA, CBP, and the U.S. Border Patrol (TTF Members) created the San Diego Tunnel Detection Outreach program, which is a community outreach and intelligence-driven enforcement initiative. The goal of this program is to educate the owners of property near the border on the indicators of tunneling activity and to increase communication between citizens and the TTF. In turn, this initiative aims to leverage increased awareness and communication to generate new investigatory leads, cultivate source informants, and initiate increased criminal investigations and prosecutions. The San Diego Tunnel Detection Outreach program is primarily carried out through door-to-door canvassing of properties near the border in areas known for illegal tunnel activity and has proven to be a valuable law enforcement tool.
Overview of Other Smuggling Methods
As Federal and other agencies have increased their interdiction efforts along the U.S./Mexico border, drug and human smuggling organizations are increasingly turning to maritime smuggling routes to transport their illicit cargo into the United States.
Mexican smuggling organizations have long used a variety of methods to enter the United States via maritime routes, including small wooden fishing vessels, as well as Panga or "go fast" boats. Difficult to detect, these vessels often travel at night in order to avoid interdiction. Due to increased patrols by CBP and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), as well as a coordinated law enforcement response to this threat, smuggling organizations are now moving further out to sea and increasingly travel further up the coast before attempting to unload their illicit cargo.
Criminals also seek to exploit vulnerabilities inherent to America's seaports by concealing contraband in cargo containers or in commercial fishing and shrimping vessels that can also go unnoticed due to the sheer volume of ships offloaded daily from around the world and normal boating traffic.
Another method of maritime smuggling is the use of self-propelled semi-submersibles (SPSS). In October 2011, based on intelligence information provided by DEA, an SPSS was discovered in the Caribbean Sea and over 14,000 pounds, or over 7 tons, of cocaine were seized from the vessel. As part of a Panama Express Operation (PANEX), the SPSS was originally intercepted by the USCG on September 30, 2011, based on information provided by DEA, in international waters approximately 110 miles off the coast of Honduras, and sank during the encounter. The USCG detained the four crew members, who were later transferred to Tampa, Florida for federal prosecution and each sentenced to 14 years' incarceration following the joint agency investigation. Earlier in 2011, another SPSS also sank in the Caribbean and approximately 13,000 pounds of cocaine were seized from that vessel.
Beyond maritime smuggling, HSI has also seen an increase in the use of ultra-light aircraft designed to smuggle marijuana payloads of up to 300 pounds into the United States. We have found that smugglers turn to using ultra-light aircraft when they are less capable of smuggling their illicit cargo by other methods. Other examples of the methods to which smuggling organizations will go to avoid detection include:
Disguising load vehicles as U.S. Border Patrol or other law enforcement vehicles, as well as vehicles for public utility or commercial cargo services ;
Lining narcotics with chemicals or elements such as lead to thwart DHS detection methods;
Creating sophisticated compartments in vehicles to smuggle narcotics, weapons and bulk currency; or
Utilizing the "shotgun approach," where a smaller load is sacrificed by being made readily detectable to DHS, thereby distracting officials from locating larger and/or more significant drug types (i.e., heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine).
Operation Pipeline Express, a joint operation with DEA and our other partners, provides an instructive example of an investigation into a violent Drug Trafficking Organization (DTO) that employed some of the techniques listed above. It was estimated that this DTO, which controlled an area spanning 63 miles along the I-8 corridor in Arizona, smuggled between 18,000 and 25,000 pounds of marijuana per week and generated between $9 million to $12.5 million weekly in illegal proceeds.
This investigation identified a trend wherein the DTO would hire backpackers to smuggle narcotics through the international border to a drop point in the desert. Once the hiker arrived at the drop point, he or she would be met by a pickup truck in which the narcotics would be driven approximately 90 miles away to a drop house where the narcotics would be broken down and transported to street level drug dealers.
The comprehensive and aggressive investigation culminated with HSI special agents, in conjunction with DEA and our other law enforcement partners, seizing nearly 64,000 pounds of marijuana, 271 pounds of heroin, 200 pounds of cocaine, 9 pounds of methamphetamine, over $750,000 in cash, 108 weapons, 67 vehicles, and 4 ballistic vests; and executing 74 search warrants.
Internal conspiracies and corruption are another significant vulnerability seen by HSI in its investigations of smuggling organizations at commercial airports and other U.S. ports of entry. In many of its investigations, HSI sees how these internal conspiracies utilize various employees from multiple companies and positions, including managers and supervisors. Employees utilize innumerable diversionary tactics to smuggle contraband around CBP examination.
Finally, Mexican smuggling organizations routinely utilize counter-surveillance methods in an attempt to adjust their methods of operation based on U.S. law enforcement efforts. "Spotters," as they are known, operate almost exclusively in Mexico, rarely entering the United States where they can be detained for questioning or arrest. In addition, modern cellular telephone and radio communication technology make detection even more difficult, as organizations can use them to adjust their modes of operation in order to be more successful.
Combating Illegal Trade and Intellectual Property (IP) Theft
Over the last two decades, transnational organized crime has grown and posed a significant threat to national and international security. TCO networks are proliferating, striking new and powerful alliances, and engaging in a range of illicit activities as never before. Recent investigations have shown that IP crime often fuels other serious crimes and poses a serious national security threat to our international borders.
International criminal organizations will steal America's intellectual property, transship products, claim false origin, and mislabel potentially dangerous products—even sell dangerously unsafe products to the U.S. military—to profit economically.
ICE has adapted to this threat by partnering with 20 other agencies, both in the United States and with key international partners, to form the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (IPR Center), located in Arlington, Virginia, to efficiently and effectively leverage resources, skills and authorities to provide a comprehensive response to IP theft. The mission of the IPR Center is to address the theft of innovation that threatens U.S. economic stability and national security, undermines the competitiveness of U.S. industry in world markets, and places the public's health and safety at risk.
In March 2012, ICE and the FBI executed a joint enforcement operation that resulted in the arrests of 28 suspects, including two in Germany. These arrests came as the result of an HSI investigation that evolved into a large-scale counterfeit smuggling scheme and eventually merged with an FBI narcotics smuggling investigation. This investigation revealed the organization to be involved in a web of criminal activity, which included not only the smuggling of counterfeit merchandise and narcotics trafficking, but also the use of fictitious personal and stolen corporate identities to further those activities. The total estimated manufacturers' suggested retail price of seized goods that this organization attempted to smuggle was over $300 million.
The IPR Center is also leading an effort to educate the public and other audiences about IP theft and its connection with transnational organized crime. , the IPR Center hosted a symposium titled "IP Theft and International Organized Crime and Terrorism: The Emerging Threat." Panels of academics, industry leaders and domestic and international government officials discussed links between transnational organized crime, terrorism, and IP theft.
Illicit Finance and Bulk Cash Smuggling
The combination of successful financial investigations, reporting requirements under the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, and anti-money laundering compliance efforts by financial institutions has no doubt strengthened formal financial systems and forced criminal organizations to seek other means of transporting illicit funds across our borders.
One of the most effective methods for dismantling TCOs is to attack the criminal proceeds that are the lifeblood of their operations. HSI takes a holistic approach toward investigating money laundering, illicit finance, and financial crimes by examining the ways that individuals and criminal organizations earn, move, store, and launder their illicit proceeds. Criminal organizations are now being forced to seek other means to diversify the movement of illicit funds, such as the use of money service businesses (MSBs), prepaid devices, and bulk cash smuggling.
One of the most significant developments in recent years was a change in Mexican banking regulations that severely limits the amount of U.S. dollars that can be deposited within Mexican financial institutions. This change has ultimately proven to be a successful tool in combating drug trafficking and the cartels by causing cartels to change how drug proceeds are laundered. While the cartels are adapting, we believe that one result of this change may be a desire to place these funds into U.S. financial institutions and then wire the proceeds back to Mexico. We continue to work closely with the Government of Mexico to identify emerging money laundering trends.
Domestically, we have seen changes in how drug proceeds are moved within the United States. In the last several years, we have seen domestic drug organizations attempt to place illicit funds into U.S. financial institutions to avoid currency transaction reporting requirements. In one version of this scheme, referred to as the "funnel account" model, drug organization members in destination cities make cash deposits into bank accounts opened in the United States. In turn, the account holder (a nominee for the drug organization) will withdraw funds at various banking institutions in the United States and turn them over (often minus a small fee) to the drug organization. The scheme has been difficult for bank anti-money laundering personnel to identify because the funds deposited are typically under the statutory reporting limit of $10,000.
This tactic was initially identified in human smuggling organizations operating in Arizona, but we have since seen its use expanded to domestic drug organizations. We believe that the emergence of this tactic came as a direct result of the successful enforcement focus on MSBs that were being used by human smugglers to receive payments from "sponsors" in the United States. When the ability to easily use MSBs ended, a transition to the funnel account model was observed. Through ongoing outreach and education efforts with financial institutions and the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, banking personnel have begun to identify this activity and are now reporting it to law enforcement regularly.
National Bulk Cash Smuggling Center
On August 11, 2009, HSI officially launched the National Bulk Cash Smuggling Center (BCSC) as a 24/7 investigative support and operations facility located in close proximity to the Law Enforcement Support Center in Williston, Vermont. In 2011, the BCSC entered into a partnership with the El Paso Intelligence Center, which has resulted in enhanced data sharing activity between these two entities. Since its launch, the BCSC has undertaken a full assessment of the bulk cash smuggling threat and has developed a strategic plan to address the problem.
By analyzing the movement of bulk cash as a systematic process, HSI develops enforcement operations to defeat the various smuggling methodologies currently employed by trafficking organizations. This approach allows us to• more efficiently and effectively utilize our interdiction and investigative resources.
Since inception, the BCSC has initiated over 500 criminal investigations involving 132 seizures totaling $65.8 million. To date, these investigations culminated in 133 arrests, 36 indictments and 34 convictions in both federal and state courts. The BCSC has also provided training and outreach to over 21,000 state, Federal, and international partners.
In April 2012, the BCSC coordinated with HSI field offices in St. Louis, Missouri and Greeley, Colorado in support of a controlled delivery of illicit bulk cash proceeds amounting to nearly $265,000. The initial seizure was the result of a traffic stop, but in an attempt to "follow the money trail," agents successfully executed a controlled delivery of the currency.
Operation Firewall
HSI's Operation Firewall disrupts the movement and smuggling of bulk cash en route to the border, at the border, and internationally via commercial and private passenger vehicles, commercial airline shipments, airline passengers and pedestrians. Since 2005, Operation Firewall has been enhanced to include surge operations targeting the movement of bulk cash destined for the Southwest Border to be smuggled into Mexico. Since its inception in 2005 through March 2012, Operation Firewall has resulted in more than 6,600 seizures totaling more than $611 million, and the arrests of 1,400 individuals. These efforts include 469 international seizures totaling more than $267 million and 300 international arrests.
Northern Border Security
Although law enforcement efforts along the Southwest Border have traditionally garnered the most media attention, ICE, in coordination with its Federal, state, local, tribal and international partners, is well positioned to address the threat that TCOs pose to both the United States and Canada along our nation's Northern Border. In fact, HSI maintains the largest investigative footprint of any U.S. law enforcement agency in Canada, with four Attaché and Assistant Attaché offices (Ottawa, Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal) that enhance national security by conducting investigations involving TCOs and serving as the agency's liaison to our interagency partners and counterparts in local government and law enforcement.
The British Columbia-based "UN Gang" is an example of a TCO whose operations stretch across the entire Northern Border and beyond. This violent criminal organization operates from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and is actively involved in large scale narcotics trafficking and money laundering activities. Its operations stretch into the United States, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, India, Vietnam, Australia, and Great Britain. This gang exports large quantities of Canadian-grown marijuana into the United States and uses the revenue generated to purchase cocaine from abroad, which is then smuggled into British Columbia and sold throughout Canada. During a recent joint investigation with DEA and its other Federal, state, and local law enforcement partners, we uncovered evidence that the UN Gang imports hundreds of pounds of cocaine into British Columbia every month. After Canadian marijuana is smuggled into the United States, UN Gang members sell it for U.S. dollars. These proceeds are then smuggled by couriers in the form of bulk currency from cities across the United States to California where they are used to purchase cocaine from abroad. This cocaine, in turn, is smuggled into Canada and subsequently sold for Canadian dollars. This method of drug trafficking and money laundering exemplifies the sophistication and reach of the DTOs.
Border Enforcement Security Task Forces (BEST)
HSI continues to expand the BEST program, which currently operates in 31 locations throughout the United States and Mexico. BEST leverages over 750 federal, state, local, and foreign law enforcement agents and officers representing over 100 law enforcement agencies. BEST also provides a co-located platform to conduct intelligence-driven investigations aimed at identifying, disrupting, and dismantling transnational criminal organizations that operate in the air, land, and sea environments. In FY 2011, BESTs made 2,245 criminal arrests, 1,130 administrative arrests, and federal prosecutors obtained 1,358 indictments and 1,187 convictions in BEST-investigated cases.
Working with Mexican Authorities
Working with the Government of Mexico in its battle against drug violence requires strong coordination to ensure both nations are operating together to combat this transnational threat. HSI continues to engage Mexican authorities on a number of levels in our joint efforts to combat border violence. For example, HSI's Border Liaison Officer (BLO) program allows HSI to more effectively identify and combat cross-border criminal organizations by providing a streamlined information and intelligence-sharing mechanism. The BLO program has an open and cooperative working relationship between United States and Mexican law enforcement entities. HSI has recently quadrupled the number of officers in the BLO program by redeploying agents to the Southwest Border.
The HSI attaché office in Embassy Mexico City has coordinated its own Special Investigative Units of Mexican law enforcement officers. HSI has also strengthened the coordination with the Government of Mexico by increasing HSI personnel in Mexico by 50 percent and deploying additional special agents to Mexico. Through our attaché in Mexico City and associated sub-offices, HSI assists DEA in efforts to combat transnational drug trafficking, weapons smuggling, human smuggling, and money laundering syndicates in Mexico. HSI Mexico City personnel, in conjunction with DEA, work on a daily basis with Mexican authorities to combat these transnational threats, and these efforts have been enhanced by additional officers.
Thank you again for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss our efforts to combat border security threats to the United States and our response to the innovative tactics and techniques being used by criminal cross-border smuggling organizations..
I would be pleased to answer any questions you may have.


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Fortnite leak suggests Lady Gaga crossover event
Will Lady Gaga be the next pop icon to appear in Fortnite?
by Darryl Lara published August 31, 2022 August 31, 2022
Fortnite has had a ton of crossover events with other games over the years. We recently saw Son Goku and Destiny 2 appear in the game. Meanwhile, athletes like Neymar and Lebron James as well as popular streamers like Lazarbeam and Ninja have appeared in Fortnite too. We've also seen actors like Keanu Reeves and Tom Holland appear as their iconic characters, John Wick and Spider-man, respectively. Finally, Fortnite's biggest collaboration has been with musicians with Arianna Grande and Travis Scott performing concerts in the game.
A new emote sparked talks of a Lady Gaga crossover event.
Another big name in the music industry is rumored to be coming to Fortnite. A new leaked emote had fans speculating that Lady Gaga will be in a crossover event for the game.
The emote is called "Jug Band" and has four players playing different instruments to the tune of "Poker Face." Popular Fortnite leaker @HYPEX tweeted a comparison between the background music of the emote and the song.
Lady Gaga's "Poker Face" song easter egg apparently can be heard in Fortnite's new emote. Apparently the rest of the emote's sound resembles other parts of the song too. (Pointed out by @FNLeaksAndInfo) pic.twitter.com/pfoPLvB9Ep
— HYPEX (@HYPEX) August 30, 2022
It's hard to deny that the Jug Band is performing "Poker Face" by Lady Gaga.
What is the Jug Band?
A Jug Band involves a jug player and other musicians making music from household items such as washboards. The jug produces low-toned notes when played.
The "Jug Band" is a synced emote requiring four players to activate. When it is activated the four players play different instruments like a guitar, banjo, violin, and jug.
A new "synced emote" featuring Lady Gaga's "Poker Face" will be added to FORTNITE in the upcoming patch. pic.twitter.com/ie9VNEaswN
— Lady Gaga Now 🧠 (@ladygaganownet) August 30, 2022
When the Jug Band starts playing, you'll hear the pre-chorus and chorus of Poker Face. The sound is reminiscent of what an actual jug band sounds like. Other musicians who have had emotes based on their popular songs include Doja Cat's Say So and Dynamite by BTS. Fans have even recreated the entire music video of Dynamite using the emote in Fortnite.
Crossover concert for Rainbow Royale
Fans speculate that the pop icon would be part of the Rainbow Royal event in September.
Fans of Lady Gaga and Fortnite are hoping for a collaboration event between the pop icon and the battle royale game. Lady Gaga's name has come up as the next singer to appear in Fortnite after the success of Ariana Grande's Rift Tour concert. The Rift Tour was attended by 78 million players and caused a significant spike in the streams of her songs that were included in the virtual performance.
Another notable in-game concert was by rapper Travis Scott and the Astroworld Tour. He performed five virtual live shows and was viewed by 28 million players.
Fans speculate that Lady Gaga will be part of the Rainbow Royale which is an LGBTQIA+ event within the game. Lady Gaga is an icon and supporter of the LGBTQIA+ community.
The Rainbow Royale Pride event was announced in June 2022 and will happen sometime in September. It celebrates the LGBTQIA+ community within Fortnite and the wider community outside the game with cosmetic changes to the map, sprays, and emotes for players.
The leaked "Jug Band" emote will be included in v21.51 of the game which is expected to arrive in September which coincides with Rainbow Royale. It would certainly be a treat to have a concert by Lady Gaga during the Rainbow Royale event.
This is also not the first time that Lady Gaga was rumored to appear in the game. The Epic Games vs Apple lawsuit mentioned that Fortnite was planning to add Lady Gaga to the game.
Fortnite currently has several ongoing collaboration events. The Destiny 2 crossover event features popular characters from the team-based shooter as skins for Fortnite.
As for Lady Gaga, the versatile actress recently confirmed her role in the upcoming Joker sequel, Joker: Folie à Deux.
Epic Games, Fortnite, Lady Gaga
Posted by Darryl Lara
Darryl has been gaming since the early 90s, loves to read books and watch TV. He spends his free time outside of gaming and books by riding his motorcycle and taking photographs. You can find Darryl on Instagram. Check him out on Steam and Xbox too.


The School Sisters of St. Francis in India hope to bring God's kingdom to the people they serve so that the will of God may be realized here on Earth. More than 180 sisters work with those who are poor, cast out from society, and in need of care. We have two provinces of sisters working in different areas of the country; together, they minister to people in five states in central and southern India, in primarily rural and impoverished areas.
In 1936, sisters from the European province began missionary work in India, and young women from India began to enter the convent in Germany. Today, young Indian women continue to be attracted to the work of our sisters, and the two provinces in India are the fastest-growing provinces in our worldwide congregation.
The School Sisters of St. Francis believe that every child has a right to an education, regardless of gender, class, or religion. We promote holistic development by encouraging students to grow in knowledge, self-reliance, social sensitivity, and ecological awareness, while also developing a growing consciousness of human dignity. Through education, students become ambassadors of social and ecological justice and can live in mutual friendship.
Our sisters minister through education in this part of South India through the English Medium School. They also serve in the local parish, and their presence here has attracted young women interested in joining the community.
Following the compassionate example of Jesus, the School Sisters of St. Francis offer health care services that are people oriented and holistic. We seek to provide healing in all spheres—physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional—by serving as doctors, nurses, counselors, and health educators.
In Madhya Pradesh, the sisters at the Usri village dispensary and clinic serve about 8,000 villagers from 10 surrounding communities. Utilizing a combination of traditional herbal remedies and modern Western medicine, the sisters also conduct classes on health and nutrition.
In Goreghat, Madhya Pradesh, the sisters operate a clinic that serves impoverished tribal people, many of whom come on foot from great distances to be treated. The dispensary provides critical health services to people who do not have another option for medical care, including those suffering from malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, snake bites, and bone fractures.
At Assisi Nikethan Clinic in Kanjikode, sisters provide nursing care for low-income workers from the area's steel companies. These patients come from many different states within India and so speak a variety of languages. The sisters work to overcome these boundaries, providing primary health care for these workers.
In the diverse culture of India, the School Sisters of St. Francis play a vital role in pastoral care as we build communities through dialogue and friendship. Spiritual support strengthens the bonds of love among cultures, and we foster this love through retreats, liturgical preparation, collaboration with neighborhood ministries, and inter-religious dialogues. We encourage people to use their faith to help them respond to their hardships, and help to form young people into future community leaders.
Sisters also work throughout India visiting local families to provide guidance, prayer and fellowship wherever it is needed.
The School Sisters of St. Francis strive to bring justice, equality, dignity and harmony to all people, especially those who are marginalized and oppressed. Through outreach and assistance, we help people to increase their self-esteem and receive the tools they need to become self-sufficient. We respond to social issues through compassion, love, and friendship and act as instruments of peace and justice in our diverse society.
Our sisters operate this home to provide shelter and care for destitute elderly women who have been abandoned by their families. The sisters provide help and hope, enabling the residents to regain their sense of self-worth and self-respect, while restoring their physical and mental health.
Formation of our sisters, especially for young girls who join us immediately after high school, is a continuous process of personal growth. It empowers them to be effective and affirmative ministers of God's kingdom. Formation embraces a harmonious development of body, mind and soul.
The heart of our formation process lies in the heritage of our foundresses and in Franciscan spirituality; in an extensive study of theology, Scripture, spirituality, psychology, missiology, yoga practices, art and music; and in a variety of ministry experiences, especially among physically and psychologically marginalized people. The entire process of formation at all stages of life enables each member of our community to communicate the meaning of vowed life in today's world and gives evidence of God's presence in our midst.
This mission in the City of Bangalore is home to sisters who are engaged in professional studies, young women preparing to be received into the novitiate, and sisters working in nearby Catholic schools and hospitals. On weekends, these women take part in the pastoral ministry of the Church.
The School Sisters of St. Francis' Assisi Province in southern India launched a new mission to Tanzania in October 2015. Three sisters have responded to an invitation from the Vincentian Congregation for Mission to teach the elementary grades at the DePaul English Medium School Msamal in the Songea region, and to minister in the thriving parish in Makambako in the neighboring region of Iranga, in the Diocese of Djombe.


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Q: error: invalid operands to binary * Pointer to a pointer to a matrix I am getting error: invalid operands to binary * on lines 13, 20, 25, 31, and 36. I'm not sure how to deal with dynamic memory allocation to a pointer to a pointer to a matrix. Also, how to store integers in a matrix like fashion with this pointer to a pointer. Also, I realize there are lots easier ways of going about this in terms of the pointers, but I have to not use any brackets and the functions inputs were supplied to me.
void read_matrices(int **A, int **B, int **C, int *m, int *n, int *p, char *file) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(file, "r");
    if (!fp) {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n Error: file open failed for file '%s'\n\n", file);
        exit(0);
    }

    /* read & output m, n, p */
    fscanf(fp, "%d\n%d\n%d\n", m, n, p);
    printf("\n m: %d\n n: %d\n p: %d\n\n", *m, *n, *p);

    /* allocate memory for A and set values to null */
    A = calloc(m * n, sizeof(int));

    /* read A */
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < *m; i++) {
       fscanf(fp, "\n");
       for (j = 0; j < *n; j++) {
            fscanf(fp, "%d", *(A + i * n + j));
        }
    }

    /* allocate memory for B and set values null */
    B = calloc(n * p, sizeof(int));

    /* read B */
    for (i = 0; i < *n; i++) {
        fscanf(fp, "\n");
        for (j = 0; j < *p; j++) {
            fscanf(fp, "%d", *(B + i * p + j));
        }
    }

    /* allocate memory for C and set values null */
    C = calloc(m * p, sizeof(int));

    /* close FP & free allocated memory */
    fclose(fp);
}

A: It's a bit hard to understand what you are doing in that function, but it seems you just need to better understand pointers in C.
For this line:
A = calloc(m * n, sizeof(int));

What this is doing is it is trying to multiply two pointers, but I'm assuming you want to multiply the values they point to, so you need to prefix m and n with a * to de-reference them (and get their value).
For the assignment to A, what you are trying to do right now, is assign a pointer to a "pointer to a pointer", which is impossible. You need to deference A by prefixing it with a * to get the pointer that it is pointing to, and then you also should be casting the result of calloc to (int*) to match what you are assigning to.
Example:
*A = (int*)calloc(*m * *n, sizeof(int));

The same rules apply to the other errors in the code.

A: Let's look at your first error. The variables involved are declared as int *m, int *n, so pointers to ints.
On line 13:
A = calloc(m * n, sizeof(int));

The error is due to m * n. You're saying multiply pointer m with pointer n. That makes no sense. What you probably mean is to multiply the values pointed to by those pointers: (*m) * (*n).
Those to be honest, I don't see why you made m and n pointers in the first place.
Also, A is declared as a pointer to a pointer. That probably means you also want *A.
I'd recommend you read up on pass-by-value vs. pass-by-address.


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