text:
Q: How to read XML file in Javascript (or jQuery) I'm working on getting info for an artist from last.fm servers and I need to be able to read the picture of the artist they have on their servers. You can view an example XML return statement here. As you can see, there are many images for each artist (small, medium, large, extralarge, and mega). I need to be able to ready any of these and get the appropriate value back.
I'm new to reading XML/DOM through Javascript, so I'm sure it's fairly simple, but the extra attribute of "size" in the XML file is throwing me for a bit of a loop. Thanks!

A: This gets the first image for example.
$.ajax({
url: "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&artist=Cher&api_key=ac74a1e6fae52bc5f55a8a6f30b84db9",
type: "GET",
dataType: "html",
success: function(data) {

 var xml = $.parseXML(data)
    $(xml).each(function()
    {
     alert($(this).find("lfm>artist>image[size]:first").text());
    });
    },
    error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown ){
      // debug here
      alert("failure");
    }
    });
    }

A: use $.parseXML to create a kind of x-document.. then you can find stuff from it with jquery selectors.
 getXMLNode(retObj.responseXML, "thatField");

 function getXMLNode(xml, nameOfField) {
        return $($.parseXML(xml)).find(':first').find(nameOfField).text();
    }

A: Something to this effect should return all image sizes:
$.ajax({
    type: "GET",
    url: "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&artist=Cher&api_key=ac74a1e6fae52bc5f55a8a6f30b84db9",
    dataType: "xml",
    success: function (xml) {
        // Parse the xml file and get data
        var xmlDoc = $.parseXML(xml),
            $xml = $(xmlDoc);
        $xml.find('image').each(function () {
            console.log($(this).text())
        });
    }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Petra Haluska was landing in Perth, Australia when they began spraying her plane down with dangerous pesticides. She said she decided to become a bit of an activist and ask why they were spraying her down.
Why can't they do this after the passengers on board? Well, industry insiders tell us that they are literally spraying the PEOPLE in case they have any bugs on their person.
It's despicable. Check out the video below and then see other examples of planes being sprayed down with insecticides and other poisons by flight attendants, below. You'll see in one they are forced to stop their camera. NO one should have to be subjected to this on any flight while in flight.
If the videos on this story weren't included, I PROMISE you, even I would have a hard time believing this was true. And perhaps the next time you aren't feeling well after having flown you won't automatically assume you caught a "bug" but rather, you might wonder if the cabin crew had exposed you to an insecticide, pesticides or other toxic chemicals. On purpose.
Check out the video below. It will blow your mind. Especially when she tells him to stop recording!
If you didn't previously know about this, it should make you angry. Angry enough to ask an airline why they are doing it WITHOUT your knowledge or permission. And maybe even angry enough to make your voice heard with your wallet. Because when we buy an airplane ticket, we are telling them this is ok, even if we aren't aware of it. When you purchase your tickets, the info stating that spraying will occur on a flight is stated in the fine print.
The chemicals are also being applied to the aircraft's internal surfaces as well which means that if they aren't spraying, you and I are still breathing this stuff in. Or ingesting it.
Since the spraying began, passengers have reported flu-like symptoms, sinus issues, rash/hives, headaches, and swollen joints- and that's just some of what's been reported; far more serious issues like acute respiratory problems and anaphylactic shock have also occurred. But don't worry, the WHO says there is no evidence that spraying insecticide in enclosed spaces, onto people, is dangerous.
The most common pesticides used on airplanes are the synthetic pyrethroids permethrin and d-phenothrin (they kill insects by attacking their nervous systems) and studies have linked permethrin with Parkinson's disease. But remember, the World Health Organization says it's just fine.
Next time you fly, make sure to ask about whether or not you might be sprayed with a toxic chemical. And if you can, take another plane.


text:
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Why Resistance to Change is Killing Your Business — And How to Fix It
By Wayne Rivers, Family Business Institute
Jack Welch was the Chairman and CEO of General Electric in the 80s and 90s. Although he is not as much in favor today, he was during that period considered quite the business guru. You couldn't pick up a periodical that didn't have an article or a quote from Welch on leadership, people, or strategy. I recently saw one of his many noteworthy quotes: "If the rate of change on the outside exceeds the rate of change on the inside, the end is near."
What he was trying to impart is that if you're being out-innovated in the marketplace, and you're not driving change internally, then your time as a successful business may be drawing to a close.
Welch advocates that executives proactively change and improve their organizations. Why does this not happen as regularly as one might expect?
Most people assiduously resist change; in fact, they appear to hate it! For example, my church got a new organ about 10 years ago, and that decision, one which should've been a fairly straightforward business decision, really divided the church! Things became quite emotional and contentious. We should have expected this.
The stages of changes that leaders, whether in business or the clergy, attempt to implement can be consistently predicted by the "Change Model" originally developed by Virginia Satir. The Change Model is a graphic way for understanding the psychology of change, how it affects people, and what leaders need to know in order to make changes stick.
I have a friend who's really good at change management. He owns an engineering company and is quite successful. As it often does, our conversation one day turned to business, and he said, "I'm going to blow up my sales department." My response was, "But you're so successful! Why would you change anything?" His reply was, in so many words, "What got me here won't get me there." He didn't think his sales model was scalable, and he resolved to change it; the company needed better systems and accountability in order to achieve its full potential. He hired a person from the outside largely on the basis of an outstanding resume, and his first attempt to change the business development function went quite poorly! Referring to the Change Model, he ran head on into what derails most change efforts: CHAOS.
Almost any attempt to introduce new people, technology, or processes into any organization will result in the stages/pattern predicted by the Change Model.
In OLD STATUS QUO, the engineering business lacked a scalable sales model, and the CEO became the CATALYST who determined that change was both necessary and desirable. Blowing up the sales department led to a period of CHAOS. Since chaos, whether in a business or personal instance, feels scary and anxious, most business leaders tend to retreat to the old status quo – a return to "normalcy."
To my friend's credit, he didn't do that; he pushed forward, and that's what you must do to implement successful long-term changes. He continued to drive the change process forward until they realized their TRANSFORMING IDEA, in this case, that the business development hire was a poor cultural fit and they needed a more suitable hire. Once the right person was on the job, they were able to INTEGRATE the new ideas and systems into the company, PRACTICE the new behaviors, and, finally, they realized a NEW STATUS QUO at a higher performance level.
In our last book, Our Family Business Crisis and How It Made Us Stronger, we utilized the Change Model to illustrate how a fictional mechanical contracting business pushed through a staggering amount of family and business chaos in order to come out bigger, better, and stronger on the other side. You can utilize the model, as our fictional family did, to educate yourself and your people and implement improvements in your company. As Jack Welch counseled, to be successful over the long term, you must continually tweak and innovate. The key is that you must have the courage to find ways to fight through the inevitable chaos that hamstrings so many executives and organizations.
Wayne Rivers is the co-founder and President of The Family Business Institute, Inc. He has authored four books on the subject of business families the latest of which is Our Family Business Crisis and How It Made Us Stronger. Wayne has appeared on the Today Show, CNN, MSNBC, CNBC, "BusinessWeek: WEEKEND" and on the Retirement Living Network. Wayne is a Wall Street Journal Expert Panelist and has also been honored as a Fellow of the Family Firm Institute.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package deploymentzone.actor

import org.scalatest.{WordSpecLike, Matchers}
import akka.testkit.ImplicitSender
import scala.concurrent.duration._
import akka.actor._
import com.typesafe.config.{ConfigValueFactory, ConfigFactory}
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit

class ScheduledDispatcherActorSpec
  extends TestKit("scheduled-dispatcher-actor-spec")
  with WordSpecLike
  with Matchers
  with ImplicitSender {

  "ScheduledDispatcherActor" when {
    "initialized with a negative packetSize" should {
      "throw an exception" in new ExceptionCaptureEnvironment(-100, 1000) {
        val ex = expectMsgClass(classOf[ActorInitializationException])
        ex.getCause.getMessage should be ("requirement failed: " + ScheduledDispatcherActor.PACKET_SIZE_NEGATIVE_ZERO_MESSAGE)
      }
    }
    "initialized with a zero packetSize" should {
      "throw an exception" in new ExceptionCaptureEnvironment(0, 1000) {
        val ex = expectMsgClass(classOf[ActorInitializationException])
        ex.getCause.getMessage should be ("requirement failed: " + ScheduledDispatcherActor.PACKET_SIZE_NEGATIVE_ZERO_MESSAGE)
      }
    }
    "initialized with a negative transmitInterval" should {
      "throw an exception" in new ExceptionCaptureEnvironment(100, -1000) {
        val ex = expectMsgClass(classOf[ActorInitializationException])
        ex.getCause.getMessage should be ("requirement failed: " + ScheduledDispatcherActor.TRANSMIT_INTERVAL_NEGATIVE_ZERO_MESSAGE)
      }
    }
    "initialized with a zero transmitInterval" should {
      "throw an exception" in new ExceptionCaptureEnvironment(100, 0) {
        val ex = expectMsgClass(classOf[ActorInitializationException])
        ex.getCause.getMessage should be ("requirement failed: " + ScheduledDispatcherActor.TRANSMIT_INTERVAL_NEGATIVE_ZERO_MESSAGE)
      }
    }

    "given several messages" when {
      "all messages are queued before the transmitInterval" should {
        "combine all the messages" in new Environment(250) {
          val scheduled = system.actorOf(ScheduledDispatcherActor.props(config, testActor))
          Seq("one", "two", "three", "four").foreach(msg => scheduled ! msg)
          expectMsg(300.milliseconds,
            """one
              |two
              |three
              |four""".stripMargin)
        }
      }
      "some messages are staggered after the transmitInterval" should {
        "receive one batch of messages and then another" in new Environment(50) {
          val scheduled = system.actorOf(ScheduledDispatcherActor.props(config, testActor))
          implicit val executionContext = system.dispatcher
          system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(100.milliseconds, scheduled, "three")
          Seq("one", "two").foreach(msg => scheduled ! msg)
          expectMsg(100.milliseconds,
            """one
              |two""".stripMargin)
          expectMsg("three")
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private class Environment(transmitInterval: Long) {
    protected val baseConfig = ConfigFactory.empty()
      .withValue(s"${Config.path}.transmit-interval", ConfigValueFactory.fromAnyRef(transmitInterval))
    lazy val config = Config(baseConfig)
  }

  private class ExceptionCaptureEnvironment(packetSize: Int, transmitInterval: Long)
    extends Environment(transmitInterval) {
    override lazy val config = Config(
      baseConfig.withValue(s"${Config.path}.packet-size",
        ConfigValueFactory.fromAnyRef(packetSize)
      )
    )

    val props = ScheduledDispatcherActor.props(config, system.deadLetters)
    val failureParent = system.actorOf(ExceptionSieve.props(testActor, props))
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


1 City Creek Center Salt Lake City UT Hours of Operation.
2 City Creek Center Salt Lake City UT Holiday Hours ~ Open or Closed?
City Creek Center Salt Lake City UT Hours of Operation.
City Creek Center Salt Lake City UT Holiday Hours ~ Open or Closed?
City Creek Center retailers are generally OPEN on New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (MLK Day), Valentine's Day, Presidents Day, Mardi Gras Fat Tuesday, St. Patrick's Day, Tax Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Cinco de Mayo, Memorial Day, Independence Day (4th of July), Labor Day, Columbus Day, Halloween, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, Black Friday, Christmas Eve, and New Year's Eve.
The majority of City Creek Center stores and restaurants are CLOSED on Easter Sunday and Christmas Day. Stores close early on Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve. *THIS MALL IS CLOSED ON SUNDAY* In the event that a holiday falls on Sunday, City Creek Center will be closed.
City Creek Center operates EXTENDED opening hours on Black Friday and REDUCED hours on Christmas Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day. The mall has EXTENDED hours in the holiday period between the Thanksgiving weekend and Christmas Eve. We recommend that you call ahead to your preferred City Creek Center stores to confirm their holiday opening hours.
City Creek Center Salt Lake City UT Hours – 2018/2019.


text:
Rozen Maiden's Peach-Pit to Draw Parasyte One-Shot Manga
posted on 2015-04-22 16:40 EDT by Kiara Valdez
Story is 8th in monthly series promoting Parasyte -the maxim- TV anime
The June issue of Kodansha's Afternoon magazine is announcing on Saturday that manga creator Peach-Pit will draw a one-shot based on Hitoshi Iwaaki's Parasyte manga, titled "Oshiete! Tamiya Ryōko-sensei" (Teach Me! Professor Ryōko Tamiya) for the magazine's July issue. The magazine teases the one-shot:
"Will I be eaten or will I be taught? I want to have a "symbiosis" with this type of teacher!"
The one-shot is the 8th in a monthly series of original "Neo Kiseijū" (Neo Parasyte) stories by different creators. The project is promoting the Parasyte -the maxim television anime, which ended in March. Akira Hiramoto (Me and the Devil Blues), Riichi Ueshiba (Mysterious Girlfriend X), and Ryoji Minagawa ( Peacemaker ) previously wrote one-shots for the series.
Another series of one-shots, "Neo Kiseijū f," ran in Kodansha's Aria shojo magazine.
Peach-Pit launched the Rozen Maiden manga in Gentosha's Monthly Comic Birz magazine in 2002 before switching to Young Jump in 2008. It inspired two 12-episode television anime adaptations ( Rozen Maiden and Rozen Maiden: Träumend ), the two-episode prequel Rozen Maiden: Ouvertüre in 2006, the short special Rozen Maiden: Detective Kun-Kun , and a 2013 Rozen Maiden anime remake .
Iwaaki's Parasyte (Kiseijū) manga takes place in a world where alien beings called Parasites come to Earth and start taking over humans by entering in through their noses and ears and attaching themselves to their brains. One alien called Migi is only able to take over high school student Shinichi Izumi's right arm, and is unable to control Shinichi completely. Migi and Shinichi learn to co-exist, and the two battle other Parasites who see humans only as food.
Kodansha Comics publishes the manga in North America.
Parasyte is inspiring two live-action film adaptations, the first of which premiered on December and the second of which will open on April 25. The anime series premiered in October and Crunchyroll streamed series as it aired. Sentai Filmworks licensed the series in North America.


"Windows died for your sins."
UNIX, OS/2 and the Mac completely irrelevant by the end of 1996!"
schedule on Windows 97 -- which it isn't."
suicide, talk to Microsoft's ISVs.  Can you say `Citrix'?"
that OS/2 and UNIX were "new wave bands from L.A."


text:
Q: Send ArrayBuffer To NodeJS Express Server I'm want to upload big file to my localhost server. And because the file size will be big ( 500MB maybe ), so I need to send the data chunk by chunk from client. Then my Nodejs server will keep appending the data to a temp file. Finally, I will change the file format and save it.
The problem is, I don't know how to send & read data properly. This is how I'm doing now, in my server I keep getting {} object.
Client Side:
// Prepare & Start Upload
      const reader = new FileReader();
      reader.addEventListener("load", async () => {

        await fetch('/api/v1/file/upload/',  {
          method: 'POST',
          body:  reader.result
        });
      })

      reader.readAsArrayBuffer( file.slice(0) ); // try to read whole file(small) first

My app setup:
/* Register Middlewares */
  app.use(express.json())
  app.use(express.urlencoded({extended:true}))
  app.use('/api/v1/file/upload', fileUploadRouter)
  app.use(express.static('./views'))
  app.use(appError)

  /* App Start */
  const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000
  app.listen(PORT, () => console.log('Listening to: localhost:'+PORT))

My route
fileUploadRouter.post('/', async ( req, res, next ) => {

  var buffer = req.body

  console.log(buffer)
})

Thank for your help!


This measure is to be submitted a minimum of once per performance period for all patients with a diagnosis of CAD seen during the performance period. Only patients who had at least two denominator eligible visits during the performance period will be counted for Submission Criteria 1 and Submission Criteria 2 of this measure. This measure may be submitted by Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligible clinicians who perform the quality actions described in the measure for the primary management of patients with CAD based on the services provided and the measure-specific denominator coding.
The Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligible clinician should submit data on one of the submission criteria, depending on the clinical findings. If the patient has CAD or history of cardiac surgery and a current or prior LVEF < 40%, use Submission Criteria 1. If the patient has CAD or history of cardiac surgery and has a prior (within the past 3 years) MI, use Submission Criteria 2. The 3 year lookback period for the prior MI should be from the time of the encounter which is used to qualify for the denominator and evaluate the numerator. If the patient has both prior (within the past 3 years) MI and LVEF < 40%, the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligible clinician may submit quality-data codes for Submission Criteria 1 and this will count as appropriate submission for this patient.
DENOMINATOR NOTE: The history of cardiac surgery serves as a proxy for a diagnosis of CAD; a diagnosis is not needed if the patient has documented history of cardiac surgery. Only one of the two criteria – a diagnosis of CAD or history of cardiac surgery proxy – is required. To meet the denominator criteria, a patient must have an active diagnosis of CAD (or proxy documented) at the time of the encounter which is used to qualify for the denominator and evaluate the numerator.
The encounter used to evaluate the numerator counts as 1 of the 2 encounters required for denominator inclusion. If the patient meets the CAD diagnosis criterion, the diagnosis needs to be active only at the encounter being evaluated for the numerator action. If the patient meets the proxy of a history of cardiac surgery inclusion criterion, there should be documentation of the proxy at the encounter being evaluated for the numerator action.
*Signifies that this CPT Category I code is a non-covered service under the Medicare Part B Physician Fee Schedule (PFS). These non-covered services should be counted in the denominator population for MIPS CQMs.
Prescribed – May include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list.
Beta-blocker Therapy – For patients with prior LVEF < 40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate.
NUMERATOR NOTE: To meet the intent of the measure, the numerator quality action must be performed at the encounter at which the active diagnosis of CAD or history of cardiac surgery proxy is documented. Denominator Exception(s) are determined on the date of the denominator eligible encounter.
Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) – for Submission Criteria 2, prior MI is limited to those occurring within the past 3 years.
Beta-blocker Therapy – For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta- blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents.


text:
Joseph David Beglar, nebo Joseph David Freedone Melik Beglar (1845–1907), byl arménsko - indický inženýr, archeolog a fotograf, který pracoval v Britské Indii a dokumentoval archeologický průzkum v Indii. Je známý svými obrazy chrámů a náboženského umění. Byl asistentem Alexandra Cunninghama.

Dílo
 Report of a Tour through the Bengal Provinces (1878)
 Report of Tours in the South-eastern Provinces in 1874-1875 and 1875-1876 Google Books
 Report of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Malwa, 1871-1872: And in the Central Provinces, 1873-74
 Report for the Year 1871-1872, Delhi and Agra

Galerie

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

Archeologové 19. století
Úmrtí v roce 1907
Narození v roce 1845
Indičtí fotografové
Arménští fotografové
Muži

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home News Blues Traveler To Release New Album "Traveler's Blues" On 7/30 – Performing...
Blues Traveler To Release New Album "Traveler's Blues" On 7/30 – Performing at JD Legends on 7/16
JD Legends, 65 Millard Dr, Franklin, OH
https://www.jdlegends.com/
Blues Traveler today announced the release of their new studio album Traveler's Blues on Round Hill Records, a collection of re-imagined and re-charged classics from The American Blues Songbook, set for release on July 30, 2021. In addition, two singles "Funky Bitch" and "Ball & Chain" (feat. Christone "Kingfish" Ingram) will be released today, June 7th.
Now, Blues Traveler are taking a leap forward on their fourteenth full-length album, Traveler's Blues (Round Hill Records). This time around, the quintet—John Popper (vocals, harmonica), Chan Kinchla (guitar), Tad Kinchla (bass), Ben Wilson (keyboards) and Brendan Hill (drums), along with a few guests have made the record they were always meant to make, an eleven song album… something old, something new, something borrowed and something blues.
Blues Traveler burst onto the scene in 1987 and hit the ground running with a trio of gold-selling albums—Blues Traveler (1990), Travelers and Thieves (1991) and Save His Soul (1993). Their next album Four (1994) went six-times platinum and spawned the definitive "Run-Around," which garnered a GRAMMY® Award in the category of "Best Rock Performance By a Duo or Group." The band logged another platinum album with Straight On Till Morning in 1998 and spent the next twenty years selling out shows on multiple continents before releasing Hurry Up & Hang Around in 2018.
"Back in the day, we were all into blues," says Chan. "We even started as a high school blues band. That's why our name is Blues Traveler! So, it was fun to come full circle and really get back to blues more than we'd ever planned. It took a lifetime for us to play this style well. There's no way we could've pulled off this album when we were younger. After thirty years, we finally made the record we aspired to make as kids."
Retreating to Nashville in late 2020, they reteamed with GRAMMY® Award-winning producer Matt Rollings (Willie Nelson) and rather than overthink anything or over prepare, they dove right into the deep end.
"We went in there and knocked it out," Chan recalls. "If you overproduce blues, it sounds like shit. Blues is supposed to feel alive. We wanted to keep it raw and immediate. We had a solid start, so we just had to capture the moment. On our first album Blues Traveler in 1989, we knew those songs cold from playing them in bars for years. That's probably the last time we came in that organized. We'd never done anything like this before. This was like doing standards. We weren't trying to cover the way the artists had done the songs; we were trying to make them our own."
That's exactly what they did. A swaying twelve-bar blues progression holds down Jimmy Reed's "You Got Me Runnin'" (feat. Crystal Bowersox) as harmonica and piano entwine. Swaggering piano struts through tambourine on the Mississippi Sheiks' staple "Sittin' On Top of the World" (feat. Warren Haynes) before Popper and Warren trade verses, and Chan and Warren trade licks.
"It's an old blues song, but we brought a modern jam vibe to it," he continues. "We've known Warren since 1990 when we opened up for The Allman Brothers. We've played with him in various ways for three decades. He's an amazing musician and a wonderful guy. It's cool we're still rocking together after all these years."
Then, there's their take on the Gnarls Barkley smash "Crazy" (feat. Rita Wilson & John Scofield). As the beat simmers, Popper leans into the iconic lyrics with palpable charisma before Scofield rips a lead and Rita delivers a powerhouse counter-vocal. On Son Seals' "Funky Bitch," they dive into a fluid jam and proudly "Let our Blues Traveler flag fly," according to Chan. "Roadhouse Blues" serves as a raucous Doors tribute and revs up as a "cool harmonica vehicle." Meanwhile, "Need Your Love So Bad"—originally made famous by Little Willie John—brings them into new territory altogether, while "Trouble in Mind" (feat. Keb' Mo) which dates back to the 1920s but has been recorded by everyone from Johnny Cash to Nina Simone, concludes with a scorching soul duet uplifted by bass-y piano, lyrical soloing, and vibrant harmonica.
Other songs on the album include "Tore Down," "Call Me The Breeze," and the single "Ball & Chain."
"Blues Traveler is not just a band; it's a lifestyle," Chan leaves off. "Blues Traveler is our life's work. It's enabled us to do so many other things. This little tribe we built in New York during the late eighties has survived all the way through—plus or minus some dearly departed brothers and sisters. It's empowered us to be creative, make people happy and travel around spreading some good vibes. The longer we do it, the more we like it. Now, people know we can actually play the fucking blues too."
bluestraveler.com
BLUES TRAVELER ON THE ROAD
7.4 Morrison, CO Red Rocks Amphitheatre
7.5 Aspen, CO Belly Up Aspen
7.8 Kansas City, MO Knuckleheads
7.9 Des Moines, IA Water Works Park
7.10 Normal, IL Cornbelters Stadium
7.13 Hobart, IN Hobart Art Theatre
7.14 Bloomington, IN Bluebird
7.16 Franklin, OH JD Legends
7.18 Pelham, TN The Caverns Above Ground Amphitheater
8.4 New York, NY Pier 17
8.6 Atlantic City, NJ Sound Waves at Hard Rock Hotel & Casino
8.7 Sunbury, PA Spyglass Ridge Winery
8.8 North Stonington, CT Jonathan Edwards Winery –
8.13 Cohasset, MA South Shore Music Circus
8.14 Hampton Beach, NH Casino Ballroom
8.15 Hyannis, MA Cape Cod Melody Tent
8.20 Rochester, MN Mayo Civic Center Park
8.21 Island Lake, IL Bands In The Sand
8.22 Chesterfield, MO Chesterfield Amphitheater
8.27 Fort Wayne, IN Piere's Entertainment Center (Outdoors)
8.28 Kittanning, PA Arts on the Allegheny Concert Series
8.29 Lewiston, NY Artpark
jd legends
Previous articleBlack Pumas Announce 2021-2022 U.S. + International Tour – Performing a Sold-Out Show At The Madison Theater On 1/5/22
Next articleArtsWave Presents the Street Stage Project, Brings 1,100+ Performances throughout OTR & Downtown
The Steel Woods Coming To JD Legends In Franklin On 8/14
Michelle Robinson Band, 6/26/20, JD Legends, Franklin, OH
Steven Gregory, 5/30/20, JD Legends, Franklin, OH
Blues Traveler, 7/28/19, PNC Pavilion, Cincinnati, OH
The Vegabonds Coming To JD Legends in Franklin On 8/24
Blues Traveler, 2/16/18, Bogarts, Cincinnati, OH


Welcome to CLUE Book Reviews! This is the location for CLUE members to read and write book reviews for books donated to our meetings. If you would like to contribute a book review, please read our guidelines.
Please contact the author directly regarding their review. Other comments can be posted to the webmaster.


text:
India Pharmaceuticals Industry is a booming sector which helps in overall growth of the economy. India's pharmaceutical industry is now the third largest in the world in terms of volume and stands 14th in terms of value. It is in the front rank of India's science-based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. The pharmaceutical industry has been one of the fastest growing segments of the Indian manufacturing sector with an average annual growth rate of about 14%..
Its large pool of skilled technical workforce, low production costs and government support has enabled its transformation from an import-dependent country to a major exporting country. According to the All India Organization of Chemists and Druggists (AIOCD), the pharmaceuticals industry in India will grow by over 100 per cent over the next two years. The current market leaders in pharmaceuticals industry are Ranbaxy, Pfizer, Glaxo Smith Kline, Cadila Healthcare Ltd. , Bayer, Merck, Abbott Lab. , Dr. Reddy's Lab, and many more.
Pharmaceutical is defined as an act of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy. From simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every type of medicine is now made indigenously. The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles.
The Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. It is an extremely fragmented market with severe price competition and government price control. India's leading drug manufacturers are becoming global players, utilizing both organic, growth, through the gradual development of their business, and mergers and acquisitions,(M&A) as they seek to boost their presence in existing markets and open up new ones.
The domestic industry's long-established position as a world leader in the production of high-quality generic medicines is set to reap significant new benefits as the patents on a number of blockbuster drugs are scheduled to expire over the next few years. India's long-established position as a preferred manufacturing location for multinational drug manufacturers is quickly spreading into other areas of outsourcing activities.
Soaring costs of R&D and administration are persuading drug manufacturers to move more and more of their discovery research and clinical trials activities to the subcontinent or to establish administrative centers there, capitalizing on India's high levels of scientific expertise as well as low wages. In the words of Richard Gerster, the famous economist and activist from Switzerland, Indian pharmaceutical industry can be defined as a success story providing employment for millions and ensuring that essential drugs are available at affordable prices to the vast population of Indian sub-continent.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a growth rate of about 10% over the last few years and is expected to touch US$ 12 billion by 2010. Pharmaceutical industry has given employment to approximately 2. 86 million people and has around 20,053 units. Globally, India is 4th in terms of volume (8% of world's production), 13th in terms of value, and 17th in terms of pharmaceutical export value. The drugs and pharmaceuticals exported are worth over US$ 3. 8 billion. India produces bulk drugs related to various therapeutic areas.
Indian pharmaceutical industry manufactures over 400 bulk drugs and roughly 60,000 finished medicines used in different formulations. India is emerging as a global leader in the area of outsourced clinical research and contract manufacturing & research. Contract research is increasing at the rate of 25% per year, and is expected to touch US $380 billion by 2010. The highly fragmented Indian pharmaceutical industry has around 30,000 players, out of which 330 are in organized sector.
Indian pharmaceutical industry exports its products to more than 200 countries, including highly regulated markets of Europe, Japan, USA and Australia. The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) developed by the industry facilitates the production of different dosage forms. During the current year 2009-10, Pharma was among the few sectors that managed to expand its revenues despite global recession and financial crises. Strong domestic demand, growing preference for generics worldwide and favorable rupee-dollar exchange rate helped the Indian Pharmaceutical sector.
Aggregate income of the drugs and pharmaceuticals companies for the first two quarters of the current year grew by 13 per cent and 7. 8 percent respectively as compared to previous year. As per Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), the estimated growth in aggregate income for the next two quarters is 9. 5 per cent and 10. 2 percent respectively. The Indian pharmaceuticals industry has grown from a mere US$ 0. 32 billion turnover in 1980 to approximately US$ 21. 26 billion in 2009-10. The country now ranks 3rd in terms of volume of production (10% of global share) and 14th largest by value.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1) HISTORY The history of Indian pharmaceutical market in 1970's was almost non-existent. Today, India has gained immense importance and carved a niche for itself in the pharmaceutical domain. In today's world, India pharmaceutical industry ranks 4th in terms of volume and 13th in terms of value. For example it might be anything like formulations, bulk drugs, generics, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, New Chemical Entities, or Biotechnology etc, Indian companies are dominating in the marketplace which was traditionally manned by MNCs.
In 1930 in Calcutta the first pharmaceutical company called Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Works, which still is today as one of 5 government-owned drug manufacturers. Today in India Pharma Industry rank's first of India's science-based industries with wide ranges of capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. The industry is estimated to be the worth of $4. 5 billion, which is growing at 8-9% annually. It is one of the best and highly organized sectors. The sector specializes in term of technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured.
The product of the industry ranges from simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and also complex cardiac compounds. Pharma industry promotes the sustainable development in the vital field of medicines by boasting the quality producers and many units approved by regulatory authorities in USA and UK. The companies associated with this sectors which are international have stimulated, assisted and spearheaded the dynamic development in the past 53 years and helped to put India on the pharmaceutical map of the world. The growth of Indian Pharma Industry has grown tremendously since 2008-09 in terms of exports.
"The Indian pharmaceutical industry has grown from a humble Rs 1,500 crore turnover in 1980 to approximately Rs 1,00611 in 2009-10," the pre-Budget survey said. In India the output of Indian Pharmaceutical industry increased to Rs260 billion in the financial year 2002, which accounts for 1. 3% of the global pharmaceutical sector. The bulk drugs accounts for Rs54 bn (21%), the remaining Rs 210 bn (79%) for formulations. imports were Rs20 bn while exports were Rs87 bn in year 2002. There is huge expansion of Domestic Pharma sector which estimated US$ 11. 72 billion (Rs 55454 crore) in 2008-09 from US$ 6. 88 billion (Rs32575 crore) in 2003-04.
India exports its Pharma Products to various countries around the globe including highly regulated markets of USA, Europe, Japan and Australia. World's highest pharmaceutical pollution is measured in India itself. As the researchers analyzed vials of treated waste. Pharmaceutical Industry in India is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. It provides employment to millions and ensures that essential drugs at affordable prices are available to the vast population of India. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has attained wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology.
From simple pain killers to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every type of drug is now made indigenously. Indian Pharma Industry is playing a key role in promoting and sustaining development in the vital field of medicines. Around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and vaccines is met by Indian pharmaceutical industry. A number of Indian pharmaceutical companies adhere to highest quality standards and are approved by regulatory authorities in USA and UK.
Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units and is very top heavy. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. There are also 5 Central Public Sector Units that manufacture drugs. These units produce complete range of pharmaceuticals, which include medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs, i. e. , chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations. India is largely self-sufficient in case of formulations.
More than 85% of the formulations produced in the country are sold in the domestic market. Some life saving, new generation under-patent formulations are imported, by MNCs, which they market in India. Over 60% of India's bulk drug production is exported. The balance is sold locally to other formulators. Pharmaceutical Industry in India has been de-licensed and industrial licensing for most of the drugs and pharmaceutical products has been done away with. Manufacturers are now free to produce any drug duly approved by the Drug Control Authority.
Indian pharmaceutical industry got a major boost with the signing of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in January 2005 with which India began recognising global patents. After recognizing the global patent regime the Indian pharma market became a sought after destination for foreign players. India holds the lion's share of the world's contract research business as activity in the pharma market continues to explode in this region. Over 15 prominent contract research organisations (CROs) are now operating in India attracted by her ability to offer efficient R&D on a low-cost basis.
Thirty five per cent of business is in the field of new drug discovery and the rest 65 per cent of business is in the clinical trials arena. India offers a huge cost advantage in the clinical trials domain compared to Western countries. The cost of hiring a chemist in India is one-fifth of the cost of hiring a chemist in the West. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has shown satisfactory progress in terms of infrastructure development, technology base and product use. It has shown domestic sales of US $ 4 billion and exports of over US $ 3 billion, during the fiscal year 2004-05, according to the Economic Survey 2004-05.
The industry produces bulk drugs belonging to all major therapeutic groups requiring complicated manufacturing processes and has developed good manufacturing practices (GMP) compliant facilities for the production of different dosage forms. The pharmaceutical industry is capable in developing cost-effective technologies in the shortest possible time for drug intermediaries and bulk actives without compromising on quality, which is realized through the country's strengths in organic synthesis and process engineering.
India has gained fame as a low cost producer of antiretroviral and supplier of the same to international organisations and more importantly to the needy patients in Africa. It may be recalled that in a recent case of supplying anti-retroviral drugs to South Africa, the price quoted by the Indian firm was the lowest at US $ 350 per year per person compared to the US $ 1679 quoted by the multinationals. The Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals in India is working on issue of price management of drugs, including making life saving drugs (LSD) available at reasonable prices, reducing trade margins on generic drugs and data protection.
2. 2) FEATURES OF INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY • India's pharmaceutical industry is now the third largest in the world in terms of volume and 14th in terms of value • Fastest growing segment of Indian manufacturing sector with an average annual growth of about 14% • Employs around 3,30,000 people • The domestic pharmaceutical market estimated to be worth US$5. 1 billion, and comprises of 60% Indian and 40% multinational companies. • Indian firms produce nearly 60,000 generic brands in 60 therapeutic categories and between 350 and 400 bulk drugs. • Indian pharmaceutical companies export to around 150 countries.
• As per a recent survey, around 40% of the production is exported, out of which 65% is formulation and 45% is bulk drugs • Large skill base in process chemistry • Vast talent pool of sheer scientists and lower cost of infrastructure and manpower • Growing expertise with international regulatory compliance • High quality manufacturing with abundant capacities. 2. 3) SCOPE OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA Over the years pharmacy has grown in the form of pharmaceuticals sciences through research and development processes.
Pharmacy involves all the stages that are associated with the drugs i.e. discovery, development, action, safety, formulation, use, quality control, packaging, storage, marketing, etc. This profession has a large socio-economic relevance to the Indian economy. In India this sector is among the future economy drivers. It is committed to deliver high quality drugs and formulations at an affordable price, so that majority of people can afford them. The transformation of the sector from conventional pharmacy to drug experts, which is both desired and necessary to reach the global standards, has already made commendable progress.
Liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG) have helped the Indian pharmaceutical companies to achieve international recognition. It's remarkable to note that today several Indian pharmacy companies are approved by US FDA and are listed at NASDAQ. The analysis of Indian pharmaceutical sector shows that the innovative products, product life cycle management and marketing management steps taken by the pharma companies have led them to flourish. The Indian pharmaceuticals market is expected to reach US$ 55 billion in 2020 from US$ 12. 6 billion in 2009.
This was stated in a report title "India Pharma 2020: Propelling access and acceptance, realizing true potential" by McKinsey & Company. In the same report, it was also mentioned that in an aggressive growth scenario, the pharma market has the further potential to reach US$ 70 billion by 2020. The domestic pharma market is estimated to touch US$ 20 billion by 2015. The healthcare market in India to reach US$ 31. 59 billion by 2020. The sale of medicines in the country stands at US$ 9. 61 billion, which is expected to reach around US$ 19. 22 billion by 2012.
Thus India would really become a lucrative destination for clinical trials for global giants. 2. 4) CURRENT SCENARIO According to the Economic Survey (2006-07), the pharmaceuticals industry had achieved a turnover of about US$ 12 billion in 2005-06, and is expected to grow by 13% in 2007. Its pharma export value reached about US$ 4. 7 billion during 2005-06. Pharmaceutical industry accounts for about 2. 91% of total FDI into the country. The FDI in pharmaceutical sector is estimated to have touched US$ 172 million, thereby showing a compounded annual growth rate of about 62.
6%. Drugs and pharmaceuticals sector is at 8th rank in India's top 10 FDI attracting sectors. According to the Economic Survey for the year 2006-07, the value of pharma output has increased ten times over the last 15 years. From Rs. 50 billion in 1990 it has grown to Rs. 550 billion (US$ 12 billion) in 2005-06. Driven by growing number of pharmaceutical units, increased knowledge skills, improved quality and increasing national as well as international demand, India is now recognized as a leading global pharma player 2.
5) THE GROWTH SCENARIO India's US$ 3. 1 billion pharmaceutical industry is growing at the rate of 14 percent per year. It is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. Over 20,000 registered pharmaceutical manufacturers exist in the country. The domestic pharmaceuticals industry output is expected to exceed Rs260 billion in the financial year 2015, which accounts for merely 1. 3% of the global pharmaceutical sector. Of this, bulk drugs will account for Rs 54 bn (21%) and formulations, the remaining Rs 210 bn (79%).
In financial year 2001, imports were Rs 20 bn while exports were Rs87 bn. 2. 6) CLASSIFICATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY The Indian pharmaceutical industry can be classified into organized and unorganized sectors. Accounting for over 70% of total sales, the organized sector has about 250 manufacturing and formulation units. On the basis of management control, the organized sector can be further classified into MNCs and Indian companies. On the basis of the product manufactured, the pharmaceutical industry can be classified into:
•Bulk drugs: They are the key ingredients that form the basic raw material for the manufacture of formulations. •Formulation: Particular mixture of a bulk drug or a combination of different bulk drugs. Formulations constitute nearly 81% and bulk drugs account for the remaining 19%. Indian pharmaceutical industry has about 2400 licensed manufacturers and more than 100,000 drugs. On the basis of formulations, the pharmaceutical industry can further be classified into: •Prescription medicines: Also known as ethical formulations.
They can be dispensed only on the prescription from a qualified medical practitioner. •Over-the-counter medicines: Also known as OTC formulations. They can be dispensed even in the absence of prescription, e. g. analgesics, cough drug, etc. On the basis of formulations patent, pharmaceutical industry can be classified as: •Branded formulations: They are ethical formulations prepared using a bulk drug under product patent and are marketed by a single pharmaceutical company. •Generics: They are formulations that do not contain any patented bulk drug and can be manufactured by more than one company.
2. 7) GOVERNMENT INVESTMENTS AND INITIATIVES Investments A six-member pre-trade mission from Maryland, US, visited the Ticel Biotechnology Park and the biotechnology infrastructure facility, to explore areas of collaboration in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. The advance planning team met with industry representatives and officials to explore partnerships and investment opportunities Aurobindo Pharma Ltd has received final approval from the US Food & Drug Administration (USFDA) to manufacture and market Gabapentin tablets.
Gabapentin tablets are the generic equivalent of Neurontin tablets of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, indicated for the treatment of partial seizures and other nervous system disorders. Aurobindo now has a total of 139 abbreviated new drug application approvals including 110 final approvals and 29 tentative approvals from the US Strides Arcolab Ltd, maker of intellectual property led pharmaceutical products announced that it has received US FDA approval for clindamycin injection, USP, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
Sanofi-aventis Group is setting up its largest vaccine making facility in Hyderabad. "The new plant, our biggest facility in the world, is coming up here," according to Christopher A Viehbacher, Chief Executive Officer, Sanofi-aventis GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has set aside US$ 1-2 billion to support its expansion plans in India. "We can afford a deal worth US$ 1- US$ 2 billion in the Indian pharmaceutical space," as per Andrew Witty, global CEO, GSK Lupin is set to enter the US oral contraceptive market.
The company has received final approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) to market a generically similar version of Watson's oral contraceptive NOR-QD tablets Singapore-based pharmaceuticals company Invida has agreed to acquire New Delhi's Shalaks Pharmaceuticals for US$ 25 million A three-day pharma business meet of India, Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) took place on September 28, 2011. "The objective of the meeting was to provide business opportunity to Indian pharma exporters, especially Small and Medium Enterprises," as per P V Appaji, Executive Director, Phamaceutical Export Promotion Council.
Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd and Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd have announced expansion of their business in Mexico, to maximise their hybrid business model. As part of the plan, the two companies will launch Olmesartan Medoxomil, used to treat high blood pressure, in Mexico before the year-end Aventis Pharma Ltd, a unit of France's Sanofi, plans to acquire unlisted Universal Medicare's nutraceuticals business to boost its consumer healthcare and wellness segment in India. Aventis was close to buying the over-the-counter (OTC) business of Universal Medicare for about US$ 109.
5 million Government Initiative A high-level inter-ministerial group chaired by the Prime Minister Mr Manmohan Singh has decided to continue with the 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) regime in the pharmaceuticals sector. "There is going to be no cap. 100 per cent FDI would be allowed," as per Arun Maira, Member, Planning Commission.
Marking a new trend of investments from foreign players in the Indian pharma sector, the need for overseas investors to get a no-objection from their JV partner before venturing out on their own or roping in another local firm has been removed by the Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council.
It is expected that this measure will promote the competitiveness of India as an investment destination and be instrumental in attracting higher levels of FDI and technology inflows into the country. The Union Minister of Commerce and Industry and Minister of Trade and Industry, Singapore, have signed a 'Special Scheme for Registration of Generic Medicinal Products from India', which seeks to fast-track the registration process for Indian Generic medicines in Singapore.
The Department of Pharmaceuticals has prepared a "Pharma Vision 2020" for making India one of the leading destinations for end-to-end drug discovery and innovation and for that purpose provides requisite support by way of world class infrastructure, internationally competitive scientific manpower for pharma research and development (R&D), venture fund for research in the public and private domain and such other measures. 2. 8) MARKETING STRATEGY 23 March, 2010- As in other industries, marketing plan for advertising or promoting products is crucial to pharmaceutical industry too.
However, the pharmaceutical marketing strategies (as well as advertising strategies) are different from other businesses because pharmaceuticals or drugs can negatively affect both- the end consumers or the patients and the health care profession. Also, the advertising strategies included in the marketing plan of any pharmaceutical company is not 'direct to consumer'. Any pharmaceutical marketing strategy targets the health care professionals or the Doctors who in turn prescribe the drugs to the patients (end consumers) liable to pay for the products.
However, a few countries (till date two countries- New Zealand and United States) allow Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTC advertising) for pharmaceutical products. Traditional Pharmaceutical Marketing Strategies The pharmaceutical companies traditionally adopt four major marketing strategies for promoting their products- ? Giving drugs as free samples to doctors; ? Providing details of their products through journal articles or opinion leaders; ? Gifts that hold the company logo or details of one or multiple drugs; and?
Sponsoring continuing medical education. Pharmaceutical representatives, also popularly known as medical representatives, are the major pharma marketing strategy for marketing drugs directly to the physicians. Typically, the expense of this sales force of any pharmaceutical company comprises anything ranging from 15-20% of annual product revenues. However, with changing times and new developments, the pharmaceutical industry faces some very serious strategic issues. New Pharmaceutical Marketing Strategies- Why Needed?
While most of the pharmaceutical companies successfully employ a host of marketing strategies to target various types of customers, the current business and customer trends are continuously creating new challenges as well as opportunities for increasing profitability. If the pharmaceutical companies want to improve their Return-On-Investment (ROI), they have to adopt new communication technologies (digital media) along with their conventional sales force of medical representatives. They really need to adopt this multi channel marketing strategies for the following reasons.
? The concept of blockbuster drugs is dying out for big pharmaceutical companies where 2-3 drugs were good enough to pay back the whole investment for a larger number of manufactured drugs. Now the limited prospective for blockbuster drugs (thanks to low investment on R&D and patent expiry) makes it essential to focus on more specialized drugs sold in lower volumes. And when there is low volume products, sales driven marketing strategy (with high cost of sales force) is not feasible. ?
As far as small pharma companies are concerned, they already have small sales force. However, with the use of digital media, having a lower investment cost (both for the company and its targeted customer) they can easily get return on investment. ? Customer behavior (doctors behavior) is rapidly changing. Doctors, who are getting more and more busy with increasing patients, can be hardly seen by the medical representatives. They are more inclined towards Internet for obtaining relevant information. It is the time for pharmaceutical companies to build their marketing strategies around this digital media.
Website marketing, online marketing, blogs, social media, forums, chat rooms and any other such media is an influential means to present the company's products and offers through opinion leaders. The Right Pharmaceutical Marketing Strategy The right marketing strategy for any pharmaceutical company would be to build on proven strategic marketing principles, along with a focus on changing customer behavior. Use of digital media through Internet marketing plan is the best marketing strategy that can provide the basis for a changed business model.
However, there should be some planning for using digital media for marketing too. It should be a multi channel marketing strategy but should identify the target audience. Every digital media used for all people can not be called the right marketing strategy. The focus should be on the high value customer segment for pharmaceutical products. 2. 9) ADVANTAGE IN INDIA A)Competent workforce: India has a pool of personnel with high managerial and technical competence as also skilled workforce. It has an educated work force and English is commonly used.
Professional services are easily available. B)Cost-effective chemical synthesis: Its track record of development, particularly in the area of improved cost-beneficial chemical synthesis for various drug molecules is excellent. It provides a wide variety of bulk drugs and exports sophisticated bulk drugs. C)Legal & Financial Framework: India has a 53 year old democracyand hence has a solid legal framework and strong financial markets. There is already an established international industry and business community. D)Information & Technology:
It has a good network of world-class educational institutions and established strengths in Information Technology. E)Globalisation: The country is committed to a free market economy and globalization. Above all, it has a 70 million middle class market, which is continuously growing. F)Consolidation: For the first time in many years, the international pharmaceutical industry is finding great opportunities in India. The process of consolidation, which has become a generalized phenomenon in the world pharmaceutical industry, has started taking place in India.
2. 10) SWOT ANALYSIS It is often said that the pharma sector has no cyclical factor attached to it. Irrespective of whether the economy is in a downturn or in an upturn, the general belief is that demand for drugs is likely to grow steadily over the long-term. True in some sense. But are there risks? This article gives a perspective of the Indian pharma industry by carrying out a SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). Before we start the analysis lets look a little back in the industry's last six years performance.
The Industry is a largely fragmented and highly competitive with a large number of players having interest in it. The following chart shows the breakup of the growth (YoY) of Indian pharmaceutical industry in last six years. Strengths: Indian with a population of over a billion is a largely untapped market. In fact the penetration of modern medicine is less than 30% in India. To put things in perspective, per capita expenditure on health care in India is US$ 93 while the same for countries like Brazil is US$ 453 and Malaysia US$189.
The growth of middle class in the country has resulted in fast changing lifestyles in urban and to some extent rural centers. This opens a huge market for lifestyle drugs, which has a very low contribution in the Indian markets. Indian manufacturers are one of the lowest cost producers of drugs in the world. With a scalable labor force, Indian manufactures can produce drugs at 40% to 50% of the cost to the rest of the world. In some cases, this cost is as low as 90%. Indian pharmaceutical industry posses excellent chemistry and process reengineering skills.
This adds to the competitive advantage of the Indian companies. The strength in chemistry skill help Indian companies to develop processes, which are cost effective. Weakness: The Indian pharma companies are marred by the price regulation. Over a period of time, this regulation has reduced the pricing ability of companies. The NPPA (National Pharma Pricing Authority), which is the authority to decide the various pricing parameters, sets prices of different drugs, which leads to lower profitability for the companies.
The companies, which are lowest cost producers, are at advantage while those who cannot produce have either to stop production or bear losses. Indian pharma sector has been marred by lack of product patent, which prevents global pharma companies to introduce new drugs in the country and discourages innovation and drug discovery. But this has provided an upper hand to the Indian pharma companies. Indian pharma market is one of the least penetrated in the world. However, growth has been slow to come by. As a result, Indian majors are relying on exports for growth.
To put things in to perspective, India accounts for almost 16% of the world population while the total size of industry is just 1% of the global pharma industry. Due to very low barriers to entry, Indian pharma industry is highly fragmented with about 300 large manufacturing units and about 18,000 small units spread across the country. This makes Indian pharma market increasingly competitive. The industry witnesses price competition, which reduces the growth of the industry in value term. To put things in perspective, in the year 2003, the industry actually grew by 10.
4% but due to price competition, the growth in value terms was 8. 2% (prices actually declined by 2. 2%) Opportunities The migration into a product patent based regime is likely to transform industry fortunes in the long term. The new patent product regime will bring with it new innovative drugs. This will increase the profitability of MNC pharma companies and will force domestic pharma companies to focus more on R&D. This migration could result in consolidation as well.
To include plagiarism and ethical statements and word count is a formal requirement. Declaration: I declare the following: 1. That the material contained in this dissertation is the end result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been …
Project Report on Pharma Pharmaceutical industry
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Introduction 1. 1 Mandate of Department of Pharmaceuticals The Department of Pharmaceuticals in the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers was created on 01. 07. 2008 to provide greater focus for the growth of the Pharmaceuticals industry. Following work has been …
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This option enables or disables the recognition of guiding declarations for template functions in C++.
A guiding declaration is a function declaration that matches an instance of a function template but has no explicit definition because its definition derives from the function template.
If --no_guiding_decls is combined with --old_specializations, a specialization of a non-member template function is not recognized. It is treated as a definition of an independent function.
The option --guiding_decls is provided only as a migration aid for legacy source code that does not conform to the C++ standard. Its use is not recommended.
When regarded as a guiding declaration, f(int) is an instance of the template. Otherwise, it is an independent function so you must supply a definition.


Eight years after first announcing plans to revive Stephen King's It, the remake is on the calendar for a 2017 release. The literary horror classic about an ancient evil entity that most often takes the form of a demented, evil clown has already locked down a director, a far-off premiere date, and a star. By the time the new adaptation hits theaters, nearly 27 years will have passed since the novel first came to life in the form of an ABC special – which, coincidentally, is almost exactly how long Pennywise the Clown lies dormant in the novel before rising again to start a new reign of terror. With It looming ominously in our cinematic future, it's high time we unearth exactly what you're in for.


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Spanish Conquistadors and Mexican Vaqueros Left an Indelible Stamp on the Lone Star State.
"Spanish Texas," supported by Humanities Texas, is the result of years of effort by the Grace Museum's curatorial team to put together an exhibition tracing the cultural hybrid of Spanish, Mexican, Anglo-American, and Native American traditions that make up modern Texas.
Exhibition NewsRebecca Bridges April 13, 2017 The Grace MuseumArticle
The Grace Museum explores "Spanish Texas" in its latest exhibit
The Spanish influence in Texas is unmistakable, from the names of geographical landmarks and locations — the Rio Grande, the Brazos River and Amarillo — to the cowboys who ride the range and the missions scattered across the state.
Exhibition NewsRebecca Bridges December 8, 2016 The Grace MuseumArticle
Learn more about the history of the Big Country at The Grace Museum
"Home on the Range: Where the Prairie meets the Plains in Central West Texas" incorporates fine art, historic photographs and artifacts ranging from spurs and saddles to tools used by Native Americans, the ranchers and cattlemen, along with oral histories collected from local ranchers and other longtime residents of the area.
Dallas Museum of Art Partners with Grace Museum in Abilene, TX To Expand Friends Membership Program
Abilene, TX—May 8, 2014—The Dallas Museum of Art today announced the debut of the first Friends membership pilot program at The Grace Museum in Abilene, Texas. Grace Friends offers free membership to all visitors and is modeled on the DMA free membership platform, which since its launch in January 2013 has welcomed more than 62,000 new Friends members. The introduction of the membership model in Abilene represents the first stage of a broader national expansion supported by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS).
Museum NewsRebecca Bridges December 8, 2016 The Grace MuseumArticle


In every walk with nature one receives far more than one seeks.
A gentle breeze blowing on your skin or the sun warming your back as you sit.
The sound of birds singing at the first morning light, the smell of trees and grass after the rain, and the bluest sky you have ever seen. How about the taste of fruit freshly picked from the plant?
This theory developed by Edward O. Wilson asserts that humans love living things and that we have a natural affinity with nature.
I have never heard of this term before, but I feel it has merit. What do I base my opinion on? Because first off I am anything but outdoorsy. In fact, my idea of roughing it is a bad hotel. However, I am still moved by experiences with nature on a very primal level.
Many people cherish their pets as beloved family members. Others tend to extravagant gardens that will never deliver anything on the table, but just peace and satisfaction to their soul. Yet others, spend most of their vacation and free time hiking, camping, and just being in nature.
We are all a part of the larger ecosystem. To love life of any kind is to love ourselves and the world around us. Seems pretty legitimate to me.
But there is something more, beyond the love. Evidence supports the theory that being in nature has health benefits. This is aside from providing us with basic human enjoyment.
That is what this article is about, the benefits of being in nature. Then I provide you with options to seek out those benefits. Enjoy!
There have been various studies to look at the effect of being in nature. Generally speaking, the effects have shown to be successful in the reduction of depression, anxiety, and stress. I don't know a person who couldn't benefit from that! There have also been effects seen on more physical markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol.
One such study looked at the effect of walks. They considered taking a walk in nature versus taking a walk in a shopping center. Many more of those taking a walk in nature felt a reduction in depression. Perhaps not surprising, some of those shopping center walkers reported an increase in their depression.
The effect of nature on well being has even given rise to ecotherapy or green therapy. This utilizes exposure to nature for at least part of the therapy for mental health concerns.
Additionally, studies have also shown that separation or detachment from nature can bring on problems in development and mental health.
The studies have shown the results, however, they still have scientists scratching their heads as to how or why these effect take place. There are so many different factors to consider that it is impossible to isolate them. It is almost a multivitamin with its complex set of influences. It could be via the immune system. It could be the body healing itself once it is relaxed and enabled to be in a happier state. They simply don't know.
The enjoyment of scenery employs the mind without fatigue and yet exercises it, tranquilizes it and yet enlivens it; and thus, through the influence of the mind over the body, gives the effect of refreshing rest and reinvigoration to the whole system.
I also talk about the relationship of humans and nature/water in Why you need to experience the Buckingham Fountain.
Luckily despite not knowing how or why, we can still act and reap the benefits. Communities and park systems worldwide are trying to implement programs to get people engaged.
This coincides nicely with the 100th anniversary of the U.S. National Park Service. All year the Park Service has been celebrating the stewardship of our great resources with special events. It is easier than ever to enjoy the park system however you want.
What types of parks are there?
Hold on to your chair because you will be shocked at how many different types of parks are in the park service. It is a lot more than just parks.
Battlefields -areas associated with military history.
Battlefield parks -larger areas associated with battle history.
Battlefield site -smaller areas associated with battle history.
Military parks -larger areas associated with military history.
Historical parks -larger areas with more complex subjects.
Historic sites -significant cultural resource that is not a complicated site.
International historic sites -significant international cultural resource that is not a complicated site.
Lakeshores -national coast line supporting water–based recreation.
Memorials -area that memorializes a historic person or event.
Monuments -single unique cultural or natural feature.
Parks -nationally and globally significant scenic areas and nature reserves.
Parkways -scenic roadway and a protected corridor of surrounding parkland.
Preserves -area designated for protection of certain resources.
Reserves -similar to national preserves, but the operational authority can be placed with a local government.
Recreation areas -surrounding reservoirs impounded by dams built by other federal agencies which encompass significant cultural as well as natural resources.
Rivers -free-flowing streams over their length.
Wild and scenic rivers and riverways -free-flowing streams over their length.
Scenic trails -long-distance trails through some of the most scenic parts of the country.
Seashores -national coast line supporting water–based recreation.
These may have affiliated areas including national heritage areas, national trails system, or national wild and scenic rivers systems.
If you feel overwhelmed by all the choices, here are a few tips to find the park right for you.
You can visit the Find Your Park page supported by the National Park Service and the National Park Foundation. Here, you can search by state or by experience.
There is also a fun quiz that help you find your right fit at the National Parks Adventure website. It is called What park are you? Personality quiz.
Here are the most visited parks in 2015.
So many choices. You don't have to pick just one. That is the beauty of it. Challenge yourself to visit as many as you can. Or just go visit all of the sites in one particular category like memorials.
Simple pleasures or health benefits?
Have I inspired you to step outdoors? If so, be honest, what is the primary reason for doing so?
Admit it, it is the love of the simple pleasures, right? It is for me. The health benefits are just a great and motivating side effect. So, I guess that gives me more qualitative evidence to believe in the biophilia theory.
Perhaps that is just my personal experience. However, it does seem to be a pretty universal trait for humans to love nature. At least in some regard, even if it is within the constraints of a no bug and no dirt policy.
Whatever the reason, get outside. Enjoy summer because it will be gone in a flash. Then you can enjoy the fall. Every season has something to give.
If you like this article, feel free to drop me a note and let me know. You can also visit and follow me on Twitter.
Keniger, Lucy et al. "What Are the Benefits of Interacting with Nature?" IJERPH 10.3 (2013): 913–935. CrossRef. Web.
Wikipedia contributors. "National Park Service." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 7 Jul. 2016. Web. 24 Jul. 2016.


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Washington Homeopathic Pharmacy (WHP) began in 1873 in Washington, DC. It was common in those days to have a homeopathic pharmacy in every city, essentially serving the needs of those in the area. Joe and Linda Lillard bought the pharmacy in 1991 and renamed it Washington Homeopathic Products. In 1993, the Lillards established a second branch in Berkeley Springs, WV. It is called Homeopathy Works and the focus there was bulk manufacturing, sales to retailers, pharmacies, small chains, and private label companies. There is also a small homeopathic museum. In 2004 the Bethesda store was closed and all operations moved to West Virginia. With business still on the rise a 12,500 square foot production facility was built in 2005. A new addition, housing all of WHP, is planned for 2007/2008. WHP is one of the last of the original homeopathic pharmacies. WHP makes and maintains all the single remedies (over 1,700 available) and ships to individuals, veterinarians, physicians, etc.WHP also sells to distributors and does private labeling for over 30 companies.
Homeopathic remedy kit that contains 50 Remedies in 1/2 dram vials.
This very popular home remedy kit was assembled based on the recommendations of well-trained homeopaths and 144 years of WHP experience.
Indicated for Fear, Chills, Colds, Cough, Eye pain, Dizziness.
This product contains a 30c dilution of Argentum Niticum.
This product is a 6c dilution of Argentum Nitricum.
This product is a 200c dilution of Arnica Montana.
Homeopathic sucrose/lactose pills commonly used for trauma. Excellent for Athletes.
Indicated for Vomiting, Anxiety, Chills, Diarrhea, Bruises.
Homeopathic sucrose/lactose pills commonly used for food poisoning.
Indicated for Low back pain.
Unit Size: 2 oz ointment in a convenient squeeze tube.
This gentle formula is a natural homeopathic remedy that relieves allergies with no side effects.
Be Gone Scars, 2 oz.
Gently eases the fear and worry that is often brought on by stress.
Be Gone Warts & Tired Feet, 2 oz.
Homeopathic sucrose/lactose pills commonly used for sudden fever with perspiration, headache and confusion.
This homeopathic remedy is a mineral remedy.
Indicated for Exhaustion, Belching, Bloating, Confusion, Indigestion.
Indicated for Motion sickness, Muscle spasms, Drowsiness.
Indicated for Colic-like pain, Cramps, Minor stiffness in joints.
Sucrose/Lactose pills of Eupatorium Perfoliatum at 30C potency.
Ferrum Phos. helps the lungs to distribute oxygen throughout the body. It is useful for inflammations, nose bleeds or muscular strains.
This product is a 200c dilution of Hypericum perforatum.
Ignatia is a homeopathic remedy derived from the bean of a small tree that is native to the Philippine Islands and China.
Contains 12 Combination pills for the Symptomatic Relief of Indigestion.
For the relief of sleeplessness caused by grief, intense mental application, etc. Non-habit forming. Will not cause drowsiness.
Indicated for Debility, Cold hands and feet.
Kali Phos. feeds the nerves and is useful for nervous conditions like upset stomach, nervous headache, sleeplessness, grumpiness. It has also been used successfully for the treatment of shingles.
Homeopathic sucrose/lactose pills commonly used for puncture wounds.
Mag. Phos. is noted for its relief of muscular cramping symptoms, especially cramping, shooting, darting or spasmodic pains as well as for nerve pains, like sciatica. Symptoms are better from warmth, pressure and bending double but worse from cold.
The remedy Natrum muriaticum is a mineral remedy.
Nux Vomica is commonly prescribed for gastric disorders occasioned by overeating or excessive medication.
Eliminates odors from bathrooms, kitchens, carpets, litter boxes, shoes and socks. It is a very unusual product, made in a manner similar to that used in homeopathy. Odors simply go away - there is no masking odor.
Washington Homeopathic Products Poison Ivy Pills contain the homeopathic remedy Rhus tox 4x and have been registered with the FDA since 1938. Poison Ivy Pills may be used for prevention or treatment of poison ivy and poison ivy-like rashes. They are completely safe and natural, produce no side effects or drug interactions and are estimated to be effective for about 80% of consumers.
Indicated for Weeping, Indecision, Symptoms of colds.


Tourism Australia's Dundee: The Son of a Legend Returns Home campaign secured the Titanium Lion award at this year's Cannes Festival. The Titanium Lions award celebrates ideas that push boundaries in the branded communications space. The campaign has picked up Ten Lions in total.
The 60-second Dundee ad originally featured as an apparent trailer for a sequel to the original Crocodile Dundee movie, boasting actors Chris Hemsworth and Danny McBride along with a swathe of Australian A-list actors.
While US citizens are quite aware of Australia, bookings are proportionally low. This campaign marks an intentional, direct move towards more impactful marketing programs. That meant a bold and risky move for Tourism Australia, which they navigated expertly.
Tourism Australia was awarded for their 'Aussie News Today' campaign in the Media category as well, receiving Gold for 'Use of Social Platform's and Bronze for 'Use of Branded Content created for Digital or Social'.
Are you ready to push new boundaries in a new financial year?


text:
Tahr himálajský (Hemitragus jemlahicus) je velký sudokopytník a blízký příbuzný divoké kozy. Vyskytuje se na zalesněných hrbolatých stráních a na horských svazích Himálaje od severní Indie po Tibet. Léto tráví na pastvinách ve větší výšce a na zimu sestupují z hor.

Popis
Tahr himálajský je jedním ze tří druhů žijících tahrů. Zbylí dva jsou tahr arabský v Ománu a tahr jihoindický v jižní Indii. Nové molekulárně genetické studie naznačily, že tahrové nejsou až tak úzce příbuzní, jak se dříve myslelo. Nyní existují tři samostatné rody: Tahr himálajský (Hemitragus jemlahicus), tahr jihoindický (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) a tahr arabský (Arabitragus jayakari). Ukázalo se totiž, že zatímco tahr himálajský a arabský jsou příbuzní spíše kozám a zejména tahr arabský rovněž paovci hřívnaté, tahr jihoindický je vývojově bližší ovcím. Od svých příbuzných se kromě zbarvení liší i tím, že samice má na vemínku jen dva struky.

Všichni tahrové mají malou hlavu s velkýma očima a špičatýma ušima. Jejich kopyta mají pružná, elastická jádra, která jim umožňují udržet se na hladkých skalách a tvrdé a ostré okraje jim slouží jako opora. Samci jsou větší a mají odlišné zbarvení a strukturu rohů než samice. Dospělý tahr himálajský váží od 135 do 180 kilogramů, délka jeho těla dosahuje 120 až 170 centimetrů a výška v kohoutku 70 až 90 cm. Jihoindický a arabský druh jsou menší, mají kratší srst a menší rohy. Arabský tahr je zbarvený pískově nebo světle šedě, samec má na krku hřívu delší srsti. Tahr jihoindický má krátkou hnědou srst.

Způsob života
Jsou to býložravci živící se trávou, listy keřů a stromů. Březost trvá sedm měsíců, samice rodí jedno nebo dvě kůzlata. Mláďata jsou kojena po dobu šesti měsíců, ale mohou zůstávat s matkou až do dvou let. Ve volné přírodě se mohou tahrové dožít až patnácti let, ale obvykle se délka jejich života pohybuje okolo 10 let.

Zdivočelí himálajští tahrové jsou nepůvodním druhem na Jižním ostrově Nového Zélandu, kde se v Jižních Alpách vytvořila stáda. Ve velkém množství jsou tahrové považováni za škůdce kvůli jejich ohryzování vegetace. Jsou však uznáváni jako cenný zdroj Nového Zélandu, jelikož jejich lov přináší ekonomické prostředky regionu West Coast.

Tahr himálajský je ze strany International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) považován za zranitelný druh v jeho původní oblasti v Himálaji. V nepůvodních oblastech jako například na Novém Zélandu, Novém Mexiku, Kalifornii, Jihoafrické republice a Ontáriu jsou jejich predátory lidé, kteří je loví pro maso, pro sport nebo trofeje.

Chov v zoo
Tahr himálajský je v Evropě chován ve 25 zoo. V Česku jej chovají dvě zoologické zahrady: Zoo Praha a Zoo Brno. Dříve byl tento druh k vidění též v Zoo Liberec. Na Slovensku mají tahry v Zoo Košice.

Chov v Zoo Praha
Historie chovu tahrů v Zoo Praha patří mezi ty nejdéle trvající, neboť první tahr přišel do zoo již dva roky po jejím otevření v roce 1933. Žil v ní ovšem necelý rok a další jedinci tohoto druhu doputovali do zoo až v roce 1973. První úspěšný odchov je datován o pět let později. V posledních letech se každoročně rodí mláďata. Ke konci roku 2017 bylo chováno 13 jedinců. V průběhu roku 2018 se podařilo odchovat tři samce. Na konci téhož roku zoo chovala čtyři samce a sedm samic (celkem 11 jedinců). Na konci dubna 2019 byl dovezen samec ze Zoo Řím. Na konci července 2019 se narodilo jedno mládě a v srpnu 2019 následovala další tři mláďata. Hned sedm mláďat se narodilo v červnu 2020.

Zoo Praha vede monitoring druhu v rámci chovů Evropské asociace zoologických zahrad a akvárií (EAZA).

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Tahr himálajský na Biolib.cz
 Tahr v ZOO Liberec

Kozy a ovce


Hulu released the first look at George Clooney's adaptation of Joseph Heller's seminal war novel, "Catch-22" and it looks like everyone is trying to get sent home from World War II.
Though Hulu released the entire second of "Marvel's Runaways" at once, the streamer has traditionally shied away from the binge-viewing model. Hulu is also dropping the first 3 episodes of the third season of "Handmaid's Tale" at once.
Based on Heller's novel, "Catch-22" is the story of the incomparable, artful dodger, Yossarian (Christopher Abbott), a US Air Force bombardier in World War II, who is furious because thousands of people he has never met are trying to kill him. But his real problem is not the enemy, but rather his own army which keeps increasing the number of missions the men must fly to complete their service. If Yossarian makes any attempt to avoid his military assignments, he'll be in violation of Catch-22, a hilariously sinister bureaucratic rule which specifies that a concern for one's own safety in the face of real and immediate danger is the process of a rational mind; a man is considered insane if he willingly continues to fly dangerous combat missions, but a request to be removed from duty is evidence of sanity and therefore makes him ineligible to be relieved from duty.
Along with Clooney and Abbott, the cast includes Kyle Chandler, Hugh Laurie, Giancarlo Giannini, Daniel David Stewart, Rafi Gavron, Austin Stowell, Graham Patrick Martin, Gerran Howell, Jon Rudnitsky, Kevin J. O'Connor, Pico Alexander, Tessa Ferrer, Lewis Pullman, Josh Bolt, Jay Paulson, Julie Ann Emery and Grant Heslov.
"Catch-22" is executive produced by Clooney and Heslov on behalf of Smokehouse Pictures, along with Richard Brown and Steve Golin on behalf of Anonymous Content. Luke Davies and David Michôd are co-writers and executive producers for the series. The six-part limited series from Paramount Television and Anonymous Content is directed by Clooney, Heslov and Ellen Kuras, who also serves as producer. Each directed two episodes.


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text:
Performance & Load Testing
DevOps & Continuous Testing
Test Process Consulting
Computer System Validation
Load Testing of IVR
Boomq.io - Cloud load testing platform for websites and enterprise apps
Synthetic Load Testing for PaaS Educational Project
The way to avoid performance problems when implementing a federal-level information system
Business challenge:
In the fall of 2018, a company assigned us a task of conducting load testing. It turned out that the customer was implementing an educational project based on the platform as a service (PaaS) principle and was creating a platform that would ensure effective interactions between teachers and students in the educational process.
The customer was faced with an ambitious task of launching a pilot project in general education schools in six regions of the country during six months and then replicating the project to all of the general education schools in the Russian Federation.
The customer had
the following choices:
01 Purchase a box solution and customize with subsequent refinement and integration.
02 Develop an in-house information system.
The customer chose the first option. They then purchased a solution for the pilot program from an American educational platform developer and enhanced the basic product to meet the established requirements.
The main task:
In load testing, there are different types of tests. For example:
. Performance testing You can find more information about this service , i.e. identifying the maximum performance and determining the point of system failure.
. Stress testing, i.e. analysis of the system under conditions that exceed the norm.
. Stability testing You can find more information about this service , i.e. analysis of the system under a prolonged excessive load.
. Volume testing You can find more information about this service , i.e. investigation of system performance with increasing amounts of data added to the application database.
The main task of load testing, in this case, was to confirm that the system met the stated requirements f or maximum performance, which was defined as supporting as many as 500,000 simultaneous users. To begin with, we suggested running a performance test consisting of one iteration of load testing to determine the maximum performance.
In order to run the test to find maximum performance, a number of preparatory tasks needed to be performed:
01 Describe the system architecture.
02 Define the characteristics of the testing stand and assemble it.
03 Define the list of business processes that will be included in the load testing profile.
04 Develop a load testing profile based on currently available datum.
05 Write a load testing methodology and specify in detail the upcoming mechanism for load testing.
Architecture description and testing stand preparation
Preparation of the load testing stand is an integral and very important stage of testing. The ideal stand configuration is an identical copy of an industrial stand, but this is not always possible when testing large-scale systems. In this case, it was critical to choose an optimal configuration to minimize the utilized capacity and obtain data that could be reliably extrapolated to the industrial system.
In this case, Performance Lab engineers were very lucky, because the system was not in the industrial operation, and we had a rare opportunity to conduct testing in the prepared "battlefield environment", and this was a big plus.
However, the fact that the system was not in real industrial operation was also a significant minus. It was impossible to collect user statistics about the system business processes. As a rule, in such situations, when a load profile is expertly compiled, the business customer and industry experts are involved. That said, we had an opportunity to access information from open sources and we used official data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Education and Science.
Thus, after collecting and analyzing all of the available data, we had a load profile ready, the requirements for filling the database were defined and the load testing stand was prepared. We were ready to conduct load testing in the conditions which were as close to "battlefield operation" as possible.
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See our case studies to have detailed information about the projects we have worked on. Take deep into the tasks we managed to solve and implemented solutions.
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From the very start of the project, we have been writing the methodology and preparing load testing facilities (LTF) in parallel. LTF are capacities that will generate load and to test them sufficiently, it was necessary to estimate the throughput of an individual load station. This stage helped to calculate the number of load stations required to supply the target load.
The throughput of a load station is measured using synthetic testing, i.e. standardized tests showing the performance of an information technology (IT) system in terms of hardware and software metrics using synthetic monitoring tools.
In the process of searching the throughput of load stations, the load testing team did not have access to testing stand machines, and we did not have an opportunity to observe the utilization of hardware resources of the stand itself during the synthetic software testing.
After the first synthetic load testing, it became clear that central processing unit (CPU) utilization at the load station did not exceed 20%. The first concern was the non-optimal performance of the load scripts. After a series of optimizations to the load scripts, we still observed no improvements.
The next possible reason for the throughput limitation was the network channel itself (in load scripts there was a large number of web statics).
The load testing team transferred load stations to one network with a gigabit communication channel instead of 100 Mbps. After transferring to one network, a few more synthetic tests were performed which showed a similar result. The CPU load of the load station did not exceed 25% or 3% of the target load.
The reasons for the loading station side were excluded, and the team received access to testing stand machines in due time. Monitoring software to track hardware metrics was installed on the testing stand and the Performance Lab team continued synthetic load testing.
During the test, it was revealed that, at 10% of the target load, the web server's CPU utilization reached 100% and after the test was terminated that CPU utilization dropped to 2%.
The customer was notified of this problem, and then the team needed to correct the test plan and load testing methodology as soon as possible.
Before the problems with the web server's CPU utilization were identified, stages of 10% of the target intensity (from 10% to 110%) had been set in the methodology to find the maximum performance. In the current configuration, it was clear that starting with 10% intensity did not make sense. To solve this problem, we decided to introduce into the test plan "micro stages" of 0.5% of the load from the target load up to 10% (20 stages) for synthetic performance monitoring.
The results of load testing showed that the given configuration for the system is far from the stated performance requirements. The maximum system performance was 2% of the target performance.
The reasons for the system performance limitations were localized due to synthetic monitoring and recommendations for their elimination were described in detail.
Within a short time and at an early stage the customer obtained insight into the system performance limits, localized bottlenecks and gained an understanding of the amount of work to be done in order to increase performance.
Since the testing was conducted at an early stage, the customer obtained the key data necessary to make a decision about the further development of the project. At this stage, replacement of the vendor/developer is acceptable, and the Performance Lab team is ready to provide support in eliminating constraints and repeat the test iteration.
There's no better place for a QA solution than Performance Lab. Drop us a line to find out what our team can do for you.
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