text:
The 25 best religious movies, according to critics
Meagan Drillinger, Stacker
Posted: January 11, 2022 9:30 AM
Stacker broke down Metacritic data on the top 1,000 films of all time and identified the top 25 best religious movies, according to critics.
Religion is a delicate subject. You definitely don't discuss it at the dinner table. So where do you discuss it? In film, of course. Some of the greatest films to ever be created center on the subject of religion, diving deep into philosophical conversations, centuries-old questions, and modern-day interpretations.
Religious films do not necessarily have to be overt. Often, the religious themes are subtly woven in, sometimes showing up as a battle between good and evil, struggles of virtue, and the desire to find a place to belong. In other examples, the religious overtones are more faith-based and overt. No matter the angle, what they all have in common is introspective stories centering on morals, lessons, and teachings rooted in religion.
Stacker compiled data on the top 1000 films of all time, according to Metacritic, and narrowed the scope to films that deal explicitly with religion, regardless of which religion or which angle the film takes on the religion. To qualify, the film had to have at least seven critic reviews.
Read on to discover the 25 best religious movies, according to critics. How many have you seen on this list?
You may also like: Oscar Best Actress Winner from the Year You Were Born
Cottonwood Pictures
- Director: Terrence Malick
- Metascore: 85
- Runtime: 139 minutes
Set in Texas in the 1950s, this film follows the story of a man who wrestles with loss of innocence, a tumultuous relationship with his father, and his faith. Critics noted that the religious components in the film shine through the balance between good and evil, and, as the Chicago Tribune put it, between nature and grace.
- Directors: Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger
Based on the 1939 eponymous novel, "Black Narcissus" is the story of a small convent of nuns who are working to build a school and hospital in a palace in the isolated Himalayan mountains. The tension lies in the struggle between the nuns' piety and the sexual attraction towards the owner of the palace. The film is beautifully shot and won the Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Art Direction.
- Director: Nuri Bilge Ceylan
A burgeoning writer comes home to find sponsors for his book, but upon his return he is faced with his father's crippling gambling addiction. Religion is woven into the story when the main character looks for comfort by engaging in conversations about religion and its place in modern society. According to IMDb, the film is inspired by the real life story of the relationship between the co-writer and his own father.
- Director: Paul Thomas Anderson
Navy veteran Freddie Quell (Joaquin Phoenix) returns home and tries to assimilate back into civilian life. He meets a leader (Philip Seymour Hoffman) of a religious movement, known as The Cause, and finds purpose with the group. The film also stars Amy Adams as the leader's wife. The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards, and director Paul Thomas Anderson made it clear to the BBC that it is his favorite film he's ever directed.
- Director: Gabriel Mascaro
This Brazilian drama follows the story of a devout registry office clerk who uses her position to try to dissuade couples from getting divorced. The film was highly regarded among critics, gorgeously shot, and contained a compelling storyline. The director was only 35 when he shot the film, writes the Hollywood Reporter.
You may also like: The Stories Behind Your Favorite Wes Anderson Movies
Rialto Pictures
- Director: Robin Hardy
- Runtime: 88 minutes
"The Wicker Man" can only be described as a horror musical—songs play an important part of the storytelling. The story revolves around a deeply religious police sergeant who explores an isolated island in search of a missing girl. On the island he discovers the locals have traded in Christianity for Celtic paganism. According to IMDb, Christopher Lee took on his role in the film for free.
- Director: Joshua Marston
A Colombian teen finds herself in dire need of money to help her family, so she makes the decision to become a drug mule for the cartel. The leading actress, Catalina Sandino Moreno, became the first actress to ever receive a nomination for Best Actress at the Academy Awards for a role that was done entirely in Spanish.
- Director: Ingmar Bergman
The scene is Sweden during the days of the Bubonic Plague. A knight is on the hunt for answers about the existence of God, life, and death, as he is entrenched in a chess match with the Grim Reaper. The title of the film refers to a passage from the Book of Revelation. According to IMDb, Ingmar Bergman created the film to help him with his paralyzing fear of death.
Another Bergman film that deals with the question of existence, "Wild Strawberries" follows an aging professor who sets out on a car ride with his pregnant daughter-in-law. Along the way he meets a cast of characters that help him in his internal pursuit. The film followed shortly after "The Seventh Seal," and The New York Times described it as even more mystifying than its predecessor.
- Director: Lee Isaac Chung
In this somewhat autobiographical film about director Lee Isaac Chung's childhood, the story follows a Korean family that tries to make their way as farmers in Arkansas during the 1980s. According to Angel Us News, the movie isn't overtly religious, but more focuses on the invisible workings of God and the struggles with failure.
You may also like: Actors With The Most Golden Globe Wins Of All Time
Sever Studio
- Director: Alexei German
A Russian science fiction art film, "Hard to Be a God" follows a group of scientists who leave Earth to a mirror-image planet that is centuries behind in culture and technology. According to Roger Ebert, it is one of the most visually "disgusting" films ever made, and yet, one of the most masterful, having taken director Alexei German nearly 40 years to plan and 12 to execute.
Music Box Films
- Director: Paweł Pawlikowski
In "Ida," a woman lives in a convent in the Polish countryside. Just about to take her vows as a nun, she uncovers an old family secret that reveals Jewish ancestry and traces back to the German occupation of Poland. It's a story of innocence, reflection, lost power, strength, and surrender, according to the Calgary Herald. It's also beautifully shot in black and white in old-fashioned 4:3 ratio.
Laokoon Filmgroup
- Director: László Nemes
"Son of Saul" follows a Jewish-Hungarian prisoner of a concentration camp as he looks to bury a child that he thinks is his son. According to The New Yorker, the heartbreaking character of Saul is the personification and fusion of Jewish violence along with Jewish virtue.
Isuma Igloolik Productions
- Director: Zacharias Kunuk
An adaptation of an Inuit legend, this movie follows the story of an evil spirit that is wreaking havoc on a community and how one warrior perseveres in the face of its destruction. According to Variety, this was the first-ever screenplay to be written in Inuktitut, the Inuit language.
Ousmane Sembène
- Director: Ousmane Sembene
A woman protects a group of girls from undergoing genital mutilation in an African village—a decision that ultimately tears her community apart. The story is at its core a human rights story, but Moolaade is also the term that refers to the purification ritual to preserve virginity.
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- Director: Chloé Zhao
"The Rider" tells the story of a young cowboy who struggles to find a new identity after suffering a head injury that nearly kills him. According to The Christian Review, it is a film that asks us to examine values and integrity, to count our blessings, if you will, in the face of desperate times and misfortune.
- Director: Abderrahmane Sissako
A cattle herder and his family lead a quiet life together. But all is suddenly turned on its head when Jihadists take over and completely disrupt and destroy their way of living. The religious storyline is blatant and, according to the New Statesman, harrowing in its detailing of everyday persecution.
- Director: Tom McCarthy
"Spotlight" is the true story of how the Boston Globe exposed the child molestation cover-up within the local Catholic church—a story that had the Catholic Church reeling all over the world. According to The New Yorker, it paints a portrait of institutional secrecy and forces us to ask who we listen to and who we protect.
Nina Paley
- Director: Nina Paley
This animated movie tells the legend of Sita, a Hundu goddess who joins her husband, Rama, to live in exile. She is abducted by a demon king, but she never waivers in her devotion to her husband. It is a story that is known to practically every Hindu person in India, according to Roger Ebert.
"There Will Be Blood" is a classic story about the fight between good and evil. The Oscar-winning film is based on Upton Sinclair's novel "Oil!" and follows the rise and fall of oil tycoon Daniel Plainview. According to Philosophy Now, there are parallels between Plainview and Nietzsche, who thought that philosophy and religion were merely expressions of self interest.
You may also like: Best Picture Winner From the Year You were Born
IAC Films
- Director: Greta Gerwig
According to Religion and Politics, "Lady Bird" is "a different kind of Catholic film." The religious aspects are subtle and woven in. It follows the story of a young woman, Lady Bird, during her senior year and briefly post-graduation from her Catholic high school. It's a story about coming of age and how doing so can often cause hurt and pain.
- Director: Francis Ford Coppola
A U.S. Army officer is stationed in Vietnam and is given the mission to assassinate a Special Forces Colonel who has gone off the rails, likening himself to God. War movies often highlight the struggles between man and religion. It is widely considered one of the greatest war films ever made. According to The New York Times, it is about the "dualism of human nature," a theme that keeps recurring throughout the movie.
Universal Pictures/Amblin Entertainment
- Director: Steven Spielberg
"Schindler's List" stars Liam Neeson as Oskar Schindler, an industrialist living in German-occupied Poland, who begins to rescue the Jews from Nazi persecution. According to Religion News, the film has reached "canonical status" among the Jewish population, with deeper lessons about evil inclinations and our inherent inclination to do good.
- Director: John Ford
Based on the iconic novel by John Steinbeck, "The Grapes of Wrath" follows the story of a poor Midwestern family that is forced off their land during the Great Depression. The story is an Exodus-type metaphor, as a family leaves a situation of hardship behind in search of new opportunity. The New York Times fawned over the film, writing "if it were any better, we just wouldn't believe our eyes."
- Director: Steve McQueen
This true story adaptation tells the tale of Solomon Northup, a free Black man from upstate New York who is enslaved in the United States prior to the Civil War. Religion is peppered all throughout the film through biblical quotes and use of the word "righteous." The real message, according to Religion News, is that people seem to "pick and choose the biblical verses they live by."
You may also like: Can you answer these real 'Jeopardy!' questions about movies?
Religion is a delicate subject. You definitely don't discuss it at the dinner table. So where do you discuss it? In films, of course. Some of the greatest films to ever be created center on the subject of religion, diving deep into philosophical conversations, centuries-old questions, and modern-day interpretations.
Stacker compiled data on the top 1,000 films of all time, according to Metacritic, and narrowed the scope to films that deal explicitly with religion, regardless of which religion or which angle the film takes on the religion. To qualify, the film had to have at least seven critic reviews.
Set in Texas in the 1950s, this film follows the story of a man who wrestles with loss of innocence, a tumultuous relationship with his father, and his faith. Critics noted that the religious components in the film shone through the balance between good and evil, and, as the Chicago Tribune put it, between nature and grace.
Based on the 1939 eponymous novel, "Black Narcissus" is the story of a small convent of nuns who are working to build a school and hospital in a palace in the isolated Himalayan mountains. The tension lies in the struggle between the nuns' piety and the sexual attraction toward the owner of the palace. The film is beautifully shot and won the Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Art Direction.
A burgeoning writer comes home to find sponsors for his book, but upon his return, he is faced with his father's crippling gambling addiction. Religion is woven into the story when the main character looks for comfort by engaging in conversations about religion and its place in modern society. According to IMDb, the film is inspired by the real-life story of the relationship between the co-writer and his own father.
Navy veteran Freddie Quell (Joaquin Phoenix) returns home and tries to assimilate back into civilian life. He meets a leader of a religious movement (Philip Seymour Hoffman), known as The Cause, and finds purpose with the group. The film also stars Amy Adams as the leader's wife. The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards, and director Paul Thomas Anderson made it clear to the BBC that it is his favorite film he's ever directed.
This Brazilian drama follows the story of a devout registry office clerk who uses her position to try to dissuade couples from getting divorced. The film was highly regarded among critics, gorgeously shot, and contained a compelling storyline. The director was only 35 when he shot the film.
"The Wicker Man" can only be described as a horror musical—songs play an important part in the storytelling. The story revolves around a deeply religious police sergeant who explores an isolated island in search of a missing girl. On the island, he discovers the locals have traded in Christianity for Celtic paganism. According to IMDb, Christopher Lee took on his role in the film for free.
The scene: Sweden during the days of the Bubonic Plague. A knight is on the hunt for answers about the existence of God, life, and death, as he is entrenched in a chess match with the Grim Reaper. The title of the film refers to a passage from the Book of Revelation. According to IMDb, Ingmar Bergman created the film to help him with his paralyzing fear of death.
Another Bergman film that deals with the question of existence, "Wild Strawberries" follows an aging professor who sets out on a car ride with his pregnant daughter-in-law. Along the way, he meets a cast of characters that help him in his internal pursuit. The film followed shortly after "The Seventh Seal," and The New York Times described it as even more mystifying than its predecessor.
In this somewhat autobiographical film about director Lee Isaac Chung's childhood, this story follows a Korean family that tries to make their way as farmers in Arkansas during the 1980s. According to Angel Us News, the movie isn't overtly religious, but more focuses on the invisible workings of God and the struggles with failure.
A Russian science-fiction art film, "Hard to Be a God" follows a group of scientists who leave Earth to a mirror-image planet that is centuries behind in culture and technology. According to Roger Ebert, it is one of the most visually "disgusting" films ever made, and yet, one of the most masterful, having taken director Alexei German nearly 40 years to plan and 12 to execute.
In "Ida," a woman lives in a convent in the Polish countryside. Just about to take her vows as a nun, she uncovers an old family secret that reveals Jewish ancestry and traces back to the German occupation of Poland. It's a story of innocence, reflection, lost power, strength, and surrender, according to the Calgary Herald. It's also beautifully shot in black and white in an old-fashioned 4:3 ratio.
"Son of Saul" follows a Jewish-Hungarian prisoner of a concentration camp as he looks to bury a child that he thinks is his son. According to The New Yorker, the heartbreaking character of Saul is the personification and fusion of Jewish violence and Jewish virtue.
An adaptation of an Inuit legend, this movie follows the story of an evil spirit that wreaks havoc on a community and how one warrior perseveres in the face of its destruction. According to Variety, this was the first-ever screenplay to be written in Inuktitut, the Inuit language.
A woman protects a group of girls from undergoing genital mutilation in an African village—a decision that ultimately tears her community apart. The story is at its core a human rights story, but "moolaadé" is also the term that refers to the purification ritual to preserve virginity.
You may also like: The best streaming services in 2021
This animated movie tells the legend of Sita, a Hindu goddess who joins her husband, Rama, to live in exile. She is abducted by a demon king, but she never waivers in her devotion to her husband. It is a story that is known to practically every Hindu person in India, according to Roger Ebert.
"There Will Be Blood" is a classic story about the fight between good and evil. The Oscar-winning film is based on Upton Sinclair's novel "Oil!" and follows the rise and fall of oil tycoon Daniel Plainview. According to Philosophy Now, there are parallels between Plainview and Nietzsche, who thought that philosophy and religion were merely expressions of self-interest.
According to Religion and Politics, "Lady Bird" is "a different kind of Catholic film." The religious aspects are subtle and woven in. It follows the story of a young woman, Lady Bird, during her senior year and briefly post-graduation from her Catholic high school. It's a story about coming of age and how doing so can often cause hurt and pain.
A U.S. Army officer is stationed in Vietnam and is given the mission to assassinate a Special Forces Colonel who has gone off the rails, likening himself to God. War movies often highlight the struggles between man and religion. It is widely considered one of the greatest war films ever made. According to The New York Times, it is about the "dualism of human nature," a theme that keeps recurring throughout the movie.
You may also like: The best streaming services for sports in 2021
"Schindler's List" stars Liam Neeson as Oskar Schindler, an industrialist living in German-occupied Poland, who begins to rescue the Jews from Nazi persecution. According to Religion News, the film has reached "canonical status" among the Jewish population, with deeper lessons about evil inclinations and our inherent inclination to do good.
Based on the iconic novel by John Steinbeck, "The Grapes of Wrath" follows the story of a poor Midwestern family that is forced off their land during the Great Depression. The story is an Exodus-type metaphor, as a family leaves a situation of hardship behind in search of new opportunity. The New York Times fawned over the film, writing, "If it were any better, we just wouldn't believe our eyes."
This true story adaptation tells the tale of Solomon Northup, a free Black man from upstate New York who is enslaved in the United States prior to the Civil War. Religion is peppered all throughout the film through biblical quotes and the use of the word "righteous." The real message, according to Religion News, is that people seem to "pick and choose the biblical verses they live by."
You may also like: Can you answer these real 'Jeopardy!' questions about movies?
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Description The guide to panoramic photography and object movies. From how to shoot the pictures, choosing image stitching software to publishing your panoramas, object movies and virtual tours on the Internet. Tips and tricks for everyone from the beginner to the professional QTVR photographer.
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text:
"A writer can make a fortune in America, but he can't make a living."
After many decades in effect, the above has now pretty much stopped being true. The current revolution in the publishing industry has turned the ancien regime on its head. Case in point:
Last week Glynn and I met with some very nice folks at a small-to-maybe-midsized publisher who wanted to buy the print rights to our Arisen series. (And also some of the e-rights, in their ideal scenario).
While they were extremely nice and funny and clearly passionate about books – as well as rather geeky: their CEO is a knight who actually jousts (*) – and we enjoyed the visit as well as a nice pub lunch, and while their ideas were good and their offer fair and it would have been great to have some handsome omnibus paperback editions up on the shelf… we ultimately had to decide that, in the end, this path didn't take us where we wanted to go. They were planning on an initial print run of 10,000 copies. But we've already sold 100,000 books on our own. And our next goal is to sell a million. Crazy? Perhaps. But, for the moment, we decided to keep the crazy dream alive, keep building our world and readership, and keep our options open for a bigger deal, from a bigger player, down the road. And, until then or barring that, we're going to do our own paperback editions, and hold on to the rights ourselves.
So I just sent them a very gently worded rejection letter. How's that for a sea change? (Having spent a decade in the wilderness, receiving thousands of rejections myself, I feel entitled to say it is.)
To a great extent, in the end the decision came down to this one: whether we think we've peaked or not. (*) And, to borrow a line from the American conservatives and neocons: "decline is a choice." One we're declining to make.
Put another way: we're doubling down – on us.
Oh, yeah – Michener also said:
"Character consists of what you do on the third and fourth tries."
Now – onward and upward! And very many thanks indeed to everyone who has supported us so faithfully to this point.
If you're of the mind that my own experience is unique or at least very unusual, then check out self-pub'd bestselling phenom Hugh Howey's data-driven demonstration that an awful lot of self-pub'd authors, having escaped the New York/London system, are not only making very good money – but are on the verge of dominating.
And if you think the traditional system wasn't so bad for authors, check out J.A. Konrath's deconstruction of the unconscionability of standard publishing contracts.
Basically, big publishing houses had a monopoly on the distribution of books for decades, and acted accordingly. Now that lock is broken – and, as smarter people than I have pointed out, it turns out the only indispensible people in the publishing process are readers and writers.
It's also worth noting: there has only ever been ONE huge zombie book. (WWZ). Where's the next huge zombie book?!
He received an OBE, Order of the British Empire. And he has a suit of plate armour in the corner of his office. He even had some excellent suggestions about medieval fortress techniques that might be used by our characters in the imminent siege of London, which we're almost certainly going to take. Correction: it turns out the OBE isn't, quite, a knighthood.
arisen books e-books my books publishing industry
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using namespace csapex;

StaticOutput::StaticOutput(const UUID& uuid, ConnectableOwnerWeakPtr owner) : Output(uuid, owner)
{
}

void StaticOutput::addMessage(TokenPtr message)
{
    apex_assert_hard(message);
    const auto& data = message->getTokenData();
    if (!std::dynamic_pointer_cast<connection_types::MarkerMessage const>(data)) {
        setType(data->toType());
    }

    // update buffer

    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    apex_assert_hard(message != nullptr);
    message_to_send_ = message;
}

bool StaticOutput::hasMessage()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    return (bool)message_to_send_;
}

bool StaticOutput::hasMarkerMessage()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    if (!message_to_send_) {
        return false;
    }
    if (auto m = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<connection_types::MarkerMessage const>(message_to_send_->getTokenData())) {
        if (!std::dynamic_pointer_cast<connection_types::NoMessage const>(m)) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

TokenPtr StaticOutput::getToken() const
{
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);

    if (!committed_message_) {
        return connection_types::makeEmptyToken<connection_types::NoMessage>();
    } else {
        return committed_message_;
    }
}

bool StaticOutput::commitMessages(bool is_activated)
{
    // TRACE std::cout << getUUID() << " commit / activate" << std::endl;
    apex_assert_hard(isEnabled());
    activate();

    bool send_activator = is_activated;
    bool send_deactivator = false;

    bool sent_activator_message = false;

    {
        std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
        if (message_to_send_) {
            apex_assert_hard(message_to_send_.get() != committed_message_.get());

            send_activator |= message_to_send_->getActivityModifier() == ActivityModifier::ACTIVATE;
            send_deactivator |= message_to_send_->getActivityModifier() == ActivityModifier::DEACTIVATE;

            // committed_message_ = message_to_send_;
            committed_message_.reset();
            committed_message_ = message_to_send_;
            message_to_send_.reset();
            clearBuffer();

        } else {
            if (!connections_.empty()) {
                //            std::cout << getUUID() << " sends empty message" << std::endl;
            }
            committed_message_ = connection_types::makeEmptyToken<connection_types::NoMessage>();
        }

        ++seq_no_;

        committed_message_->setSequenceNumber(seq_no_);
        if (hasActiveConnection() && (send_activator || send_deactivator) && !std::dynamic_pointer_cast<connection_types::NoMessage const>(committed_message_->getTokenData())) {
            sent_activator_message = true;
            if (send_activator) {
                committed_message_->setActivityModifier(ActivityModifier::ACTIVATE);
            } else {
                committed_message_->setActivityModifier(ActivityModifier::DEACTIVATE);
            }
        } else {
            committed_message_->setActivityModifier(ActivityModifier::NONE);
        }

        ++count_;
    }
    messageSent(this);

    return sent_activator_message;
}

void StaticOutput::reset()
{
    Output::reset();

    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    committed_message_.reset();
    message_to_send_.reset();
}

void StaticOutput::disable()
{
    Output::disable();

    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    message_to_send_.reset();
    committed_message_.reset();
}

TokenPtr StaticOutput::getToken()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    return committed_message_;
}
TokenPtr StaticOutput::getAddedToken()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    return message_to_send_;
}

void StaticOutput::clearBuffer()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(message_mutex_);
    message_to_send_.reset();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The chief justice (, , ) was the personal legal representative of the King of Hungary, who issued decrees of judicial character on behalf of the monarch authenticated with the royal seal, performed national notarial activities and played an important role in the organisation of lawyers training. Later the chief justice was the head of the Royal Court of Justice (, ) and the Tribunal of the Chief Justice (, ), the highest legal forum of civil cases.

Origins

The office of personalis evolved since the early 15th century within the royal chancellery. In the beginning, the king was represented by the secret chancellor in the judiciary (judge of personal presence). The first known chief justice was Janus Pannonius, a Croato-Hungarian humanist poet who returned to Hungary after finishing studies at the University of Padua in 1458, the coronation year of Matthias Corvinus. Pannonius served as chief justice until 1459, when he was elected as the Bishop of Pécs. Until the 1464 reform, the complete list of chief justices is unknown. It is certain that Albert Vetési, Bishop of Veszprém held the office for a short time around 1460.

From the 1370s, during the reign of Louis I, the lord chancellor also had a judicial function. He became judge of special presence (). This position was held by Roman Catholic prelates, therefore the judicial function was performed by their deputies. Consequently, a dual judicial system existed in the Kingdom of Hungary until the administrative reform of 1464.

Formation
Matthias Corvinus (formally Matthias I), after restoring the Holy Crown of Hungary for 60,000 ducats, was allowed to retain certain Hungarian counties with the title of king and was crowned legitimately on 29 March 1464. After the second and valid coronation, Matthias began to reorganize the administrative and judicial structure. He merged the two courts ("special" and "personal judicatures") and established the institution of chief justice as a full-fledged judge to the head of the Royal Court. The chancellery was also unified and the new office of "lord- and vice-chancellor" lost all of its judicial functions.

The Tribunal of the Chief Justice also established where the so-called "towns of chief justice" () forwarded those appeals concerning litigations. The tribunal chaired by the chief justice functioned as appellate court for the "towns of treasurer" () too. According to the Tripartitum (1514) five settlements were towns of chief justice: Székesfehérvár, Esztergom, Lőcse (Levoča), Kisszeben (Sabinov) and Szakolca (Skalica). The status meant some independence, so was sought after by the towns. The Quadripartitum (1551), which never came to force, also mentions the seven mining towns of Upper Hungary as towns of chief justice.

Functions and development
The Act LXVIII of 1486 listed the chief justice among the "ordinary judges" beside the palatine and the judge royal. The chief justice also served as keeper of the monarch's judicial seal. In contrast, the secret chancellor assumed his role in the arbitration only on special occasions. The ordinary judges were able to make judgements on any matter and also could appoint deputies and masters of judgement. In practice, this meant that the judicial power decoupled itself from the executive branch (the king). The Act XLII of 1492 (during the reign of Vladislaus II) also confirmed these authorities.

During the first decades the position was held by ecclesiastical dignitaries. Thomas Drági was the first secular office-holder between 1486 and 1490. There had been a growing demand to fill the position by secular jurists and professionals on a permanent basis. That finally occurred at the beginning of the 16th century when the Act IV of 1507 decreed that the office must be occupied by a secular person with legal practice. Despite the new law the influential and powerful cardinal Tamás Bakócz chose his prelate relatives for the office. The importance of the office of chief justice was made clear when Buda became the permanent residence of the Tribunal of the Chief Justice. The Act LV of 1514 also emphasized the appointment of secular office-holders. After that the secular and ecclesiastical elite agreed with each other and István Werbőczy, creator of the Tripartitum was appointed later in 1516.

After the battle of Mohács (1526) the reigning chief justice Miklós Thuróczy swore allegiance to Ferdinand I. As a result, the other elected king, John Zápolya also appointed a chief justice for his own royal court in the person of Benedek Bekényi.

Charles III divided the Curia Regia into two courts in 1723: the Tabula Septemviralis (Court of the seven) and the Tabula Regia Iudiciaria (Royal Court of Justice). The latter functioned under the direction of the chief justice, in the case of prevention, of the elder Baron Court. The Tabula Regia Iudiciaria was constituted of two prelates, two Barons of the Court, two deputy judge advocates of the Kingdom: the vice Palatine, the deputy judge advocate of the Curia Regia, four prothonotaries, four assessors of the Kingdom, four assessors of the archdiocese, four adjunctive assessors.

The chief justice also had a political function: he became speaker of the occasionally convened lower house of the Diet of Hungary. During the Habsburg-dominated kingdom a customary law emerged whereby jurists to the office of chief justice were chosen from the lesser nobility, however later sometimes aristocrats were also appointed to that position. The Tribunal of the Chief Justice was one of the positions used for the development, patronage and rise of a new aristocracy which was loyal to the House of Habsburg. For the new "official nobility" the position of chief justice was the springboard to obtain higher positions (mostly judge royal, president of the Hungarian Court Chamber, vice-chancellor).

János Zarka opened and presided over the last feudal Diet of 1848. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 the position became vacant. After the defeat of the War of Independence Francis Joseph I applied neo-absolutist governance ("Bach system") and integrated the Kingdom of Hungary to the Habsburg Empire. Due to the fall of the Bach system in 1861, the position of chief justice, among others, was revived again and István Melczer took the office. According to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 the judicial system had been converted and modernized; the chief justice lost all of its features and the position was officially discontinued.

List of known chief justices

Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1538)

Hungarian Civil War (1526–1538)

Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)

16–17th century

18–19th century

See also
 Judge royal
 Curia Regia

Footnotes

References

  Bertényi, Iván (1996). A magyar királyi udvar tisztségviselői a középkorban ("Officials of the Hungarian royal court in the Middle Ages"). Rubicon, 1996/1–2.
  Bónis, György (1971). A jogtudó értelmiség a Mohács előtti Magyarországon ("Hungarian intelligentsia having legal expertise in the period before the battle of Mohács"). Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
  Fraknói, Vilmos (1899). Werbőczi István (1458–1541). Magyar Történeti Életrajzok, Magyar Történelmi Társulat, Budapest.
 Gergely, András (2000). The Hungarian State.Thousand years in Europe. Korona Publishing House, Budapest.
  Fallenbüchl, Zoltán (1988). Magyarország főméltóságai ("High Dignitaries in Hungary"). Maecenas Könyvkiadó. .
  Horváth, Gyula Csaba (2011): A 18. századi magyar főméltóságok családi kapcsolati hálózata.
  Kubinyi, András (1957). "A kincstári személyzet a XV. század második felében." Tanulmányok Budapest Múltjából. Vol. 12. (1957). 25–49.
  Kubinyi, András (2000). "Vitéz János és Janus Pannonius politikája Mátyás uralkodása idején" ("The Politics of János Vitéz and Janus Pannonius During the Reign of King Matthias"). In: Bartók, István – Jankovits, László – Kecskeméti, Gábor (ed.). Humanista műveltség Pannóniában. Művészetek Háza, University of Pécs.
  Kubinyi, András (2004). "Adatok a Mátyás-kori királyi kancellária és az 1464. évi kancelláriai reform történetéhez." Publicationes Universitatis Miskolciensis Sectio Philosophica. Vol. 9. No. 1. (2004). 25–58.
  Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon ("Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia"). 2nd edition, Helikon Kiadó.
 Szende, Katalin (1999). "Was there a bourgeoisie in medieval Hungary?" In: Nagy, Balázs – Sebők, Marcell (ed.). ... The Man of Many Devices, Who Wandered Full Many Ways... Central European University Press.  Cloth.
  Véber, János (2009). Két korszak határán, Váradi Péter pályaképe és írói életműve. Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Ph.D. thesis.

Laws and rules

  1486. évi LXVIII. törvénycikk
  1492. évi XLII. törvénycikk
  1507. évi IV. törvénycikk
  1514. évi LV. törvénycikk
  1608. évi (k. e.) III. törvénycikk
  1609. évi LXX. törvénycikk
  1751. évi VI. törvénycikk
  1764/65. évi V. törvénycikk

External links
 National Archives of Hungary (MOL) – Judicial Archives (13th century – 1869)

Legal history of Hungary
1464 establishments in Europe
1867 disestablishments in Europe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nicola Davies may refer to:

Nicola Davies (author), English zoologist and writer
Nicola Davies (footballer) (born 1985), Welsh female international footballer
Nicola Davies (judge) (born 1953), judge of the High Court of England and Wales
Nicola Davies (rower) in 1999 World Rowing Championships


I was in St. Louis last week when my mobile phone rang and it was a St. Louis number I didn't recognize. I assumed it was someone I knew. The person introduced himself as Frank Krebs. I immediately recognized the voice and his name as he was the Bishop of the Ecumenical Catholic Communion in St. Louis. When I was in Webster Groves I attended mass there for a few months and then would occasionally visit. He called because he noticed that I had not been around.
There is a part of me that wanted to point out I moved in June 2018 but I was too shocked that first, he noticed and second, he called. I am a fairly faithful parishioner. I donate money. I attend Mass regularly. I even attend talks and other events. In my adult life, I have never had a Priest or minister of any kind call me. I've had them notice when I've been gone for a couple of weeks but never had one call or visit. I was shocked that the call I got was from a Bishop.
The Ecumenical Catholic Communion is not Roman Catholic. They allow married, female, and LGBT Priest. They allow lay people to preach and have changed the mass to use gender-neutral language. My open and accepting side preferred them. However, my traditional side missed the music, the incense, and the beauty of an old church. Ecumenical Catholics are the people I wanted to be my friends, but in the end, I couldn't give up the beauty of a more traditional mass. I wonder what I would have done if the building and music had been different.
Alas, there is no Ecumenical Catholic Communion in Knoxville as there is no Soto Zen center. I have to admit I liked it that he called. I wonder how many people would return to mass if ministers called and appeared to care. It must be what it feels like to a student if the professor calls when they miss a class.
This entry was posted in Thoughts of a Catholic. Bookmark the permalink.


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text:
Chappaqua Daily Voice serves Chappaqua, NY
Mt. Kisco
5,100 Without Power In New Castle After Sandy Tues
by Brian Marshhauser and Nathan Bruttell
More than 5,100 customers in New Castle were without power Tuesday afternoon. Photo Credit: Map Courtesy Con Edison
Update, 4 p.m. Tuesday
An estimated 5,122 customers in New Castle were without power at 4 p.m. Tuesday, according to Con Edison reports.
NEW CASTLE, N.Y. – Hurricane Sandy knocked out power for more than 4,500 customers in New Castle Tuesday morning, according to Con Edison reports
An estimated 4,632 out of 6,574 Con Ed customers in New Castle were without power 9 a.m. Tuesday. It's unclear when customers can expect power to return.
More than 150,000 customers across Westchester County are still without Tuesday due to Hurricane Sandy, Con Edison representatives said.
"This is the largest storm-related outage in our history," said Con Edison Senior Vice President for Electric Operations John Miksad in a press release.
The National Weather Service has downgraded Sandy to a post-tropical cyclone, but the storm is still producing sustained winds up to 65 mph according to the NWS 5 a.m. update. A wind advisory is still in effect for Westchester County until 6 p.m. Tuesday. Weather officials said the brunt of the storm hit the area Monday night, but additional power outages could occur throughout Tuesday.
Check back with The Daily Voice for more updates.
Update, 9 p.m. NEW CASTLE, N.Y. – The number of residents without power jumped dramatically in New Castle Monday night from more than 600 to 3,612.
Con Ed serves 4,894 customers in the area, according to Con Ed's outage map. There is no estimate as of 9 p.m. for when people can expect power to return.
Update, 6:30 p.m. NEW CASTLE, N.Y. – Power outages are increasing Monday night in New Castle with 666 customers out of power. Con Ed serves 4,894 customers in the area, according to Con Ed's outage map. Con Ed estimates power will be restored by 9 p.m.
Original Story, 3:25 p.m. NEW CASTLE, N.Y. - Power outages throughout New Castle have been reported Monday by more than 500 Consolidated Edison customers.
Strong winds and rain from Hurricane Sandy has knocked out power to 529 of 6,574 customers in the area, according to Con Ed's outage map. The estimated restoration is 8 p.m. Monday night.
Experiencing a power outage? Let us know at Chappaqua@DailyVoice.com or on our Facebook page.
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text:
Hong Kong Competition Commission Grants 5-year Block Exemption For Liner Shipping, Denies Exemption For Exchange Of Information.
Legal News & Analysis - Asia Pacific - Hong Kong - Competition & Antitrust - Shipping Maritime & Aviation
After an 18-month review process, the Hong Kong Competition Commission issued a Block Exemption Order for Vessel Sharing Agreements between liner shipping companies.
Critically, the Hong Kong Competition Commission declined to exempt Voluntary Discussion Agreements, on the basis that evidence provided in support of the claim of economic efficiencies in Voluntary Discussion Agreements was not sufficient.
The Commission also rejected the shipping industry's supplementary submission to exempt a narrower subset of Voluntary Discussion Agreements, in which Hong Kong-specific pricing discussions would not have been covered by the exemption, but the sharing of certain other types of information would have been permitted. The regulator considered that such discussions could still contravene the competition rules.
This is the first block exemption granted by the Commission. The decision provides valuable insight into the regulator's approach towards assessment of effects on competition and the extent of evidence expected from parties claiming economic efficiencies.
The Hong Kong Competition Commission (the "Commission") last week adopted a Block Exemption Order ("BEO") conditionally exempting for a period of five years certain agreements between liners from the new competition regime. This decision came after an 18-month review process involving two public consultations and much heated debate around the subject.
On 17 December 2015, the Hong Kong Liner Shipping Association (the "HKLSA") applied for an exemption covering two main types of agreements among carriers:
Vessel Sharing Agreements ("VSAs") under which liners agree on technical and operational arrangements and exchange or charter vessel space; and
Voluntary Discussion Agreements ("VDAs"), which allow liners to exchange data about supply and demand and discuss guidelines on recommended rates.
While both types of agreements are common practices in the shipping industry, they were at risk of contravening the Competition Ordinance ("CO"). The HKLSA therefore sought an exemption for both types of agreements in line with other Asian jurisdictions, such as Singapore and Malaysia, where both VSAs and VDAs are deemed legal.
Conditional exemption for VSAs
VSAs are agreements between carriers regarding cooperation on operational matters including coordination or joint operation of vessel services and the exchange or charter of vessel space. As VSAs involve capacity sharing and service coordination between competing carriers, VSAs may lead to competition concerns under the CO, such as exchange of commercially sensitive information, concerted reduction in service variety and joint control of service capacity in the market.
The Commission found that VSAs can expand service frequency and carriers' range of services in the market. The Commission accepted the HKLSA's argument that VSAs help maintain Hong Kong's trans-shipment traffic and status as a hub, and generate further economies of scale.
The Commission has therefore exempted VSAs on three conditions:
the parties to the VSA do not collectively exceed an aggregate market share of 40% (or 45% over the last two consecutive years);
the VSA does not authorise or require carriers to engage in cartel conduct; and
carriers must be free to withdraw from the VSA with reasonable notice without incurring any penalties.
The market share is calculated based on the total volume of goods carried (or the total number of vessels operating) in the market in which the VSA is in place.
The exemption for VSAs is relatively uncontroversial. As the Commission itself noted, the VSAs' role in an efficient operation of the liner shipping industry has been widely recognised internationally (including in the EU, USA, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia).
However, the market share threshold required to enjoy the exemption has been more debated. While the HKLSA applied for an exemption based on a 50% threshold (following the Singapore model, where the exemption was recently extended for five years), the BEO has set the cursor at 40%, which is likely to be of concern to some of the larger shipping liners.
No exemption for VDAs
The Commission took a tougher stance on the application for exemption for VDAs.
VDAs are agreements between competing carriers in which parties discuss commercial issues relating to particular trade routes. This may include exchange of competitively sensitive information concerning market data and trade flows, supply and demand forecasts and business trends, as well as information concerning pricing and terms of service and other commercial aspects of their activities. Parties to VDAs may also jointly issue non-binding pricing recommendations on freight rates and certain surcharges.
The Commission indicated that pricing guidelines and exchange of information on pricing and service terms could potentially harm competition in contravention of the CO.
In rather strong terms, the Commission rejected the HKLSA's claims of economic efficiencies arising from VDAs.
The regulator further noted that, even if VDAs gave rise to any efficiencies, they would not satisfy the conditions of the economic efficiency exemption as narrowly interpreted by the Commission. In particular, the Commission was of the view that:
rate stability, as claimed in the application, is questionable in practice and is unlikely to amount to an "efficiency" for the purpose of the CO;
while service stability may be accepted as an economic efficiency, there was insufficient evidence to establish a causal link between VDAs and the claimed service stability;
the fact that some pricing recommendations are not implemented in practice was taken by the Commission as a sign of price volatility, and contrary to the applicants' claim that such recommendations help achieve rate stability; and
rate and surcharge transparency arising from the pricing guidelines issued pursuant to VDAs is questionable in the circumstances, and generally cannot be considered as an "efficiency" for purposes of the CO.
In addition, the Commission considered that it was difficult to see how customers benefit from the claimed efficiencies and, even if there were any efficiencies, there were alternative economically practicable and less restrictive means of achieving them. For instance, rate stability may be obtained through fixed rate contracts with customers; service stability and rate and surcharge transparency may be achieved through enhancing the scope of publicly available information.
After the publication of its proposed BEO in September 2016, the Commission received a supplementary submission by the HKLSA, in which the liners revised the scope of the VDAs for which they requested an exemption. Under the supplementary submission, the scope of VDAs was revised to:
expressly carve out any Hong Kong-specific pricing, discussions and voluntary agreements within VDAs (meaning rates of cargo – including rates and surcharges – where the origin or the destination port is Hong Kong, and excluding transhipment via Hong Kong); and
permit the discussion and sharing of certain other types of information, such as costs, and supply and demand.
However, the Commission considered that such exchange of information could still lessen competition between carriers on the trade, especially if such information was exchanged on an individualised basis. Without forming a firm view as to whether such practice constitutes an agreement and/or concerted practice in contravention of the CO, the Commission decided to completely exclude VDAs from the scope of the BEO.
The exemption became effective immediately, on 8 August 2017, and will be valid for five years until 8 August 2022, though the Commission will initiate a review of the BEO a year before (i.e. not later than 8 August 2021).
In terms of transition, whilst the Commission excluded VDAs from the BEO (and certain VSAs will not benefit from the BEO when they don't meet the conditions), it recognised that these liner shipping agreements have been in force for several years. On this basis, the Commission decided to:
allow undertakings which are party to a VDA, or a VSA which does not benefit from the BEO, a "grace period" following the Commission's decision on the Application within which to make any changes they may consider necessary to their commercial arrangements; and
refrain from taking any enforcement action against existing VDAs or VSAs which do not benefit from the BEO with respect to the period from 14 December 2015 to the end of the grace period.
The grace period ends six months from the date of the BEO, i.e. on 8 February 2018.
Within the bounds of the grace period, the liner shipping industry must now fully comply with the terms of the BEO.
The Commission published a Guidance Note to assist the industry in the implementation of the BEO's conditions.
The BEO and the Guidance Note together address issues such as the exact scope of the exemption and the calculation of market shares.
Companies active in the liner shipping sector must carefully determine the market shares of the parties, the scope and the characteristics of their VSAs, to ensure that they fully comply with competition rules in Hong Kong. This applies to both existing and new VSAs. They must also put an end as soon as possible to their participation in any VDAs.
The BEO's position on VSAs is broadly in line with the HKLSA's application and echoes the approach in a wide range of other jurisdictions where VSAs are permitted. Although the Commission's position on VDAs appears to be bold, it is not completely at odds with international practice either. For instance:
The EU removed the benefit of a block exemption for VDAs in 2008 following a 2-year transitional period.
Similarly, several other jurisdictions such as India and Israel have recently concluded that VDAs do not merit exemption from competition laws.
In Australia and New Zealand, VSAs and VDAs may no longer be exempt in the future and may be subject to the general competition law regimes. In China, VDAs came under close scrutiny by the NDRC last year, although they remain permitted at this time.
Beyond the direct impact to liner shippers and others involved in the sector, the BEO is a welcomed development in shedding further light on how the Commission interprets the exclusion for economic efficiency under the CO more generally. The Commission has also shown itself to be willing to take a strong independent stand in such matters – and to be able to resist significant lobbying in favour of a wholesale exemption for the liner shipping sector.
The BEO shows that the Commission expects clear and unequivocal evidence of economic benefits, and any claimed benefits must be shown to be shared with customers. This is a high burden for parties to meet. Industries currently considering whether to apply for an exemption should carefully study the BEO to determine whether they can meet the Commission's thresholds, and whether they are willing to engage in a complex and time-consuming application process.
Clara Ingen-Housz, Partner, Linklaters
cih@linklaters.com
Lawyer Interviews


A container on-entry vulnerability was found in docker and has been assigned CVE-2016-9962. The flaw addresses a specific attack that uses ptrace and improperly-flushed file descriptors to gain access to content outside a container. This attack is only a risk when running privileged containers and is mitigated by SELinux.
This issue was publicly disclosed on January 10, 2017.
This vulnerability arises when a process that would normally run in one namespace is launched or moved into a different namespace. Namespaces normally act as a security mechanism because processes within different namespaces cannot see or manipulate one another. The problem is that when a process is moved into a namespace, it becomes exposed to malicious actions from processes that are already in that namespace. On-entry vulnerabilities attack processes that join containers via nsenter or docker exec . A successful attack can result in a malicious process gaining system access or other privileges.
For example, if a malicious process has taken over a container and managed to obtain root within that container, the malicious process can kill any other process it can "see". Fortunately, container namespacing keeps the malicious process from being able to detect or kill any host processes or any of the processes in other containers. However, if an administrator attempts to investigate the issue by using nsenter to move a shell into the misbehaving container, the malicious process can see and manipulate that shell as well (and terminate it).
The following legitimate Linux facilities can be misused in on-entry attacks. Use Linux security mechanisms such as SELinux and seccomp to prevent their exploitation.
"Process trace" or ptrace is a powerful debugging facility that is available in Linux. Any process with adequate permissions can ptrace another process through the ptrace kernel call. ptrace grants extremely low-level access to the process, including its memory, resources (such as file descriptors), and the ability to intercept process kernel calls.
 nsenter is a Linux utility used to move or launch processes within specific namespaces. Because containers are built on Linux namespaces, nsenter can be used as a more generic version of docker exec .
In Linux, the special powers traditionally granted to the root account have been split into individual capabilities, and some grant more than one administrative power. For example, CAP_SYS_TIME grants only the ability to set the system clock. CAP_SYS_ADMIN , on the other hand, grants the range of powers needed to administer a machine. Each kernel capability can be granted or denied to a process individually.
The seccomp Linux facility allows access to kernel calls on an individual basis.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate .
The flaw in CVE-2016-9962 occurs because a safety mechanism is missing from docker exec .
Until upstream docker 1.12.6, processes that docker exec launched could be ptrace 'd within the container and they briefly kept their file descriptors, which were linked to content outside the container. This could be exploited by a process within a container equipped with ptrace abilities. If a malicious process acted quickly enough, it could ptrace the incoming process and gain access to content outside the container. This has been addressed in docker 1.12.6 by preventing `ptrace`ing of these processes (through the DUMPABLE process attribute) and by having incoming processes flush their file descriptors before being moved.
The docker runtime strips containers of many kernel capabilities by default, including CAP_SYS_PTRACE . This means that only containers for which this capability has been explicitly added (or which are running with the --privileged switch) pose a risk. Moreover, only privileged processes within those containers pose a risk. Unprivileged user processes within those containers do not have sufficient powers to cause harm. Therefore, if you are following the recommended container practices of "not running privileged containers" and "not running root processes within containers", you are safe.
On Red Hat systems with SELinux enabled, the dangers of even privileged containers are mitigated. SELinux prevents container processes from accessing host content even if those container processes manage to gain access to the actual file descriptors.
In most installations, nsenter and docker exec are purely manual operations. OpenShift uses nsenter to facilitate port-forwarding, but without manual intervention, vanilla docker will never move a process into a container or between containers.
To check whether your docker version already has the backported fix, download and use this script .
All Red Hat customers running the affected versions of docker are recommended to update when patches are available. Details about impacted packages as well as recommended mitigation are noted below.
ptrace and other dangerous kernel calls can be banned from your containers. Custom seccomp profiles can be created to forbid this behaviour (supported by vanilla docker, OpenShift, and Kubernetes). This will completely prevent attacks based on CVE-2016-9962.


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 * Date: 26/04/2017
 * Time: 15:37
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    $group->setOfficialContact($_POST['official_contact']);
    $group->setDateFormed($_POST['date_formed']);
    $group->setMonthlyMeetingSchedule($_POST['monthly_meeting_schedule']);

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print_r($created);
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//        echo "<script type='text/javascript'>
//              alert('Group details saved successfully');
//              window.location.href='groups.php';
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        echo "<script type='text/javascript'>
              alert('Error occured please try again later');
              window.location.href='groups.php';

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While the Ministry of Social Security and Labour claims to be investing in social work and employment, the statistics rise a question: why so late? There is an alarming number of families appearing on the social risk list of the country. Around 20.000 children are being raised in these families. 'The actual number would be even higher, but many children have been taken from their families into large institutional care facilities. However, that is not a good solution as well', explains Dovilė Šakalienė, Human Rights Expert.
Every year there are children dying because of homicide. Yet, Lithuania's rural areas are in a worse shape due to deeper social problems, such as alcohol abuse, unemployment, poverty and an extremely low level of mental health services accessibility. At the same time, the level of suicides (especially amongst men) increases strongly when entering the countryside.
'We have a very alarming picture of children in villages. Children often are raised by a single mother, or by a mother with constantly changing short-term partners. There are problems regarding alcohol, depression and poverty. Often the mother has experienced an abusive past herself (physical, emotional, sexual and neglect from her own early years). Sometimes the children are taken away, but this does not mean that the mother will not give birth to more children,' tell Šakalienė.
In Antaliepte, where the street lights are manually switched off between eight and nine in the evening and a school bus picks up the children every day to go to school, more than a third of the 550 inhabitants survive on welfare.
In the county of Utena the youth unemployment is 28,9%, the second highest rate of Lithuania. 'There are no jobs here, so I have decided to join the army', tells 25 years old Karolis. 'I am not sure if I will stay, or if I will try to find a job here. In the end I am sure that I will return to Antaliepte. I love and I hate my village at the same time. However, girls love guys in uniform', says the uniformed soldier with a little wink.
While their parents are mindstuck in an outdated political system, Lithuania's youngest generation is about to turn the page. 'When I grow up… I want to be a cop', says ten years old Orinta. 'I want to be the model', says Akvile (14), the oldest girl in the group, while Dominykas (11) imagines a future career as basketball player. Hearing these dreams about the future, you might easily forget that these children from Antaliepte are facing more difficulties than you would notice at first sight.
After the Soviet regime went down in 1990, Lithuania had to establish a society in a very short periode of time. 'With the collective farms, you did not have to try to 'get' a job. There were jobs for everyone. In fact, you did not have to 'prove' that you deserved the job, like people have to do nowadays. Ever since the Independence this has caused problems. Therefore, a big mentality change is still needed', says Arvidas Saulius, chairman of Antaliepte.
'Ten years ago our house burned down, so this shed started out to be a temporarily place, but I do not think we will ever have the money to rebuild our house,' tells Zita. Together with her husband and his two children, they are the only four inhabitants of the village Sruogišku, one of the villages close to Antaliepte. She was taken away from her mother in her early years.
With no job, and without the perspective of finding one, the family of Zita receives approximatively 300 euro's a month. Social worker Sandra Kiliuvienė tries to keep an eye on the family, by helping them where she can. 'We have several families living at social risk in and around Antaliepte. Unfortunately I get paid to work only four hours a day, so I do not have enough time to visit all the families as often as they would need', tells Sandra. With families living in a range of fifteen kilometers around Antaliepte, visiting them takes a lot of time. 'I do not have a car, so especially in wintertime this causes problems', explains Kiliuvienė.
While Lithuania is the third in the world's most drinking countries (WHO research*), every ninth person is addicted to alcohol. Unicef's Innocenti Report Card 11, published in 2013, shows that 27% of children between the age of 11 and 15 has been druk at least twice. This is the highest measured rate of Europe.
'It is a vicious circle. People do not have a job, so they start drinking, and because they are drinking, they will not find a job… children become the victim of their parents' alcohol problems', explains Jurgita Ribinskaitė-Glatzer, secretary general at Mentor Lithuania, a non-governmental organisation that aims at the education of youth and their parents on the use of drugs.
Research shows that children whose parents have an alcohol problem are six times more likely to suffer domestic violence. Besides that, suicidal thoughts amongst young people seem to increase by three times.
In the sixty municipalities of Lithuania 19.527 children are considered to be living in social risk families. 276 of them live in the Zarasai municipality. Being a social risk family means that parents have problems concerning alcohol abuse, poverty or domestic violence.
One of the solutions to keep an eye on children growing up in social risk families, is a Children Day Care Center (CDCC). According to a research published in June 2015, commissioned by the Social Security and Labour Ministry of Lithuania, a fifth of all municipalities in Lithuania have zero to one CDCC's. The Zarasai municipality belongs to these as well.
Only 0,4 of Zarasai's children growing up in social risk families have access to a CDCC. Five other municipalities have a lower rate, with a lowest of 0,2 in Panavezys. The highest rate has been measured in Vilnius municipality, with an average of 2,6.
According to social worker Sandra Kiliuvienė, a CDCC can play an important role in the monitoring of children from social risk families. Still for many regions the foundation of a CDCC seems to be impossible, due to the lack of financial support. The Ministry responded to this with the message that they will invest 0.5 million more than the last year.
Despite the many challenges many Lithuanian villagers may face, many of them still consider themselves quite lucky. 'There are no problems that we could not face, so we are happy to be here', are the answers of several citizens of the small village. With the support of two Spanish EVS-volunteers the children of Antaliepte can play in a safe atmosphere and practice their English, while they are playing games or watching movies together. This future generation of cops, basketball players and models might be the start of a new chapter of Lithuania.


Those of you who have trouble getting up in the morning should probably check out Sense. It's a sleep tracker/smart alarm, and it just went on sale for the first time.
We first told you about Sense last July, when it joined the elite projects that have managed to break and surpass the $1,000,000 mark on Kickstarter. The project, from San Francisco start-up Hello, of course has been funded since then and is now available for purchase. It aims to simply help everyone sleep better and wake refreshed.
"We are pleased to announce that Sense goes on sale and starts shipping today," announced Hello in a blog post. "We set out to build a product that helps people understand and improve their sleep, and that's exactly what we've done. Sense is the first product we have built at Hello and I'm delighted to finally share it with you."
How does Sense work? Say you set the alarm for 8 am, but you're almost naturally awake at 7 am, Sense will wake you when you're naturally awake, so you feel good rather than leaving you until 8. It also has a plethora of sensors to give you feedback on how you slept and what affected during the night, and it syncs wirelessly using ANT+.
The Sense unit itself can light up to offer a natural awakening, while also recording ambient light, temperature, sound, humidity, and particulates. Using all that data, Sense can learn what you like best, so you can set the room up before bed for the perfect sleep. Sense also uses Wi-Fi and Bluetooth and can therefore connect to your smarthome.
You can purchase Sense for $129, and new orders are expected to ship this month. Unfortunately, it looks like shipping is limited to the US at the moment. Watch the video above to learn more about how Sense was developed.


When a person wants to add a pop of color to the hair, Hot Huez Hair Chalk is ideal. This unique product from www.hothuez.com changes hair from drab to fab in no time. It is safe, inexpensive, and simple to apply. It washes away with little effort, so it is a great way to try a trendy look without any consequences. It will make a person feel like a professional hair stylist, without the worry or expense of chemical treatments.
Hot Huez: What Is It?
Accent hair color is a popular trend, but it may not be feasible for people in certain careers or lifestyles. However, there is an inner wild child in everyone that takes over and wants to have fun. Hot Huez allows a person to add a pop of color to any type of hair. It is easily shampooed away, so there is no harm done. This makes it ideal for high school teens as well. To make things even better, it is free from parabens. This means that it will not irritate even the most delicate skin.
Many professional color treatments cause damage from harsh chemicals. Since I have very thin hair, I cannot use most hair colors. This makes it difficult to change my look. However, this no longer mattered after I discovered Hot Huez. This product gave me the look that I have always wanted, without paying a fortune. I no longer have to worry that my hair will become fried and break off at the tips after leaving the salon.
I share Hot Huez with my teen daughter, and she loves it as much as I do. The colors are bright and stylish. They even manage to disguise my gray hairs. The available colors include hot pink, fuchsia, neon green, and electric blue. We have a lot of fun trying different color combinations on each other. It is easy to control, so the color is never over the top.
The kit is simple to use and includes nice accessories. Besides the chalk, a person will receive six ponytail holders. This is a great styling aid after the colors are applied. All I had to do was spray a light coat of the primer spray, then choose a color. This is the hardest part because they are all so sassy. I placed the hair in the compact container and slid it down my hair. The final thing that I did was spray with the sealer. There was no icky residue left on my clothes or hands. I was ready to go in minutes.
Dyes on the market are often difficult to apply and create a big mess all over. This is not the case with Hot Huez Hair Chalk. Most other commercial products come with an expiration date, but not this item. Even though most people use the kit everyday, there may be times when it should not be worn. Instead of the worries that it may go bad, the product remains fresh until the next use.
Unlike other dyes that are permanent, the Hot Huez Chalk Kit is a temporary way to change the look of hair. It is great to be able to wash out the product with any shampoo. It is a nice way to experiment with various colors or match an outfit or mood. It is a different type of accessory that customizes a person's look in a special way.
I also found that most of my daughter's friends help themselves to the kit as well. Since this product works well on all types of hair, it seems that it has become community property. It is ideal for long and short hair, along with curly and straight locks. It is really fun to get a group together, use the kit, and get ready for a night out. My daughter and her friends can temporarily transform themselves into a different set of girls just for the evening.
The Hot Huez Hair Chalk Kit is highly recommended to any girl who is looking for an affordable way to achieve today's trendiest hairstyle. It works with all hair types and is quick and simple to apply. There is no mess to worry about and the end results are fabulous. Within hours, a person can return back to normal without fuss. No matter a person's age or wardrobe, this product will do its magic and add a pop of color to the hair in a practical manner.


Boost student achievement and long-term success of educators with a secure Wi-Fi network fit for 21st century learning. With a reliable infrastructure to connect multiple Wi-Fi enabled devices, you can rely on a reliable classroom that creates a richer learning experience for students.
Create a future-proofed wireless network that can handle everything you throw at it with high-capacity support for Wi-Fi-enabled Chromebooks, iPads, laptops and other devices.
Gain unified end-to-end management of the entire school network to create an inspiring and impactful Wi-Fi experience in the classroom and block inappropriate content from students.
Have access to Wi-Fi that operates to strict 100mW EIRP limits and uses smart directional antenna technology to focus Wi-Fi signals to where it's being requested, not in all directions.


text:
package com.asura.framework.cache.redisTwo;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 缓存服务
 * @author YRJ
 *
 */
public interface CacheService {

	/**
	 * 入栈/出栈方向
	 * @author YRJ
	 *
	 */
	enum Position {
		/** 左 */
		LEFT,
		/** 右 */
		RIGHT;
	}

	/**
	 * 读取指定Key的值
	 * @param key	待查找的Key
	 * @return
	 */
	String get(String key);

	/**
	 * 设置指定Key的值
	 * @param key	指定的Key
	 * @param value	待设定的Value
	 */
	void set(String key, String value);

	/**
	 * List数据结构入栈
	 * @param position
	 * @param key
	 * @param values
	 */
	void pushList(Position position, String key, String... values);

	/**
	 * List数据结构出栈
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 */
	String popList(String key);

	/**
	 * 读取List数据结构
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 */
	List<String> rangeList(String key);

	/**
	 * Set数据结构入栈
	 * @param key
	 * @param values
	 */
	void pushSet(String key, String... values);

	/**
	 * Set数据结构出栈
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 */
	String popSet(String key);

	/**
	 * 读取Set数据结构
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 */
	Set<String> rangeSet(String key);

	/**
	 * Map数据结构入栈
	 * @param key
	 * @param hashKey
	 * @param hashValue
	 */
	void putHash(String key, Object hashKey, Object hashValue);

	/**
	 * Map数据结构入栈
	 * @param key
	 * @param keyValue
	 */
	void putAllHash(final String key, final Map<? extends Object, ? extends Object> keyValue);

	/**
	 * Map数据结构
	 * @param key
	 * @param hashKey
	 * @return
	 */
	Object getHash(String key, String hashKey);

	/**
	 * 遍历指定的Key.
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 */
	Map<Object, Object> entries(String key);

	/**
	 * 删除Map数据结构中指定的HashKey.
	 * @param key
	 * @param hashKeys
	 */
	void delete(String key, Object... hashKeys);
}


text:
Posts Tagged 'Philadelphia history'
Nerd Nite No. 50: Nerd Nite Teams Up with the APS!
Hey Nerds! We're at a bit of a milestone here in Philly– the 50th edition of nerd-based entertainment in the city of brotherly love! How awesome is that? We're celebrating in two ways: first, on July 1 we'll be presenting a series of talks in conjunction with the American Philosophical Society and, second, on July 9 we'll be celebrating 5 YEARS in Philly with a party. We hope to see you at both!
So what's up for July 1?
Bernard Brown, "Spermataphores, Orgies, and Chin Grinding"
Philly herper Bernard Brown will explore the hot cold-blooded sex lives of our local salamanders, including the spring 'breeding aggregations' of spotted salamanders, newt leg locks, and the seductive dance of the diminutive redback salamander.
About Bernard: Bernard Brown has been herping Philadelphia for over 10 years. He has written about natural history topics for Grid Magazine, is the Philadelphia County Coordinator for the Pennsylvania Amphibian and Reptile Survey (PARS), and co-hosts the Urban Wildlife podcast.
Jane Boyd, "Bears in the Backyard, Plants in the Attic: Collecting at the American Philosophical Society"
Before Philadelphia was chock-full of museums and libraries, there was a rectangular redbrick building next to Independence Hall where all the cool stuff went. During the late 1700s and early 1800s, people all over the country sent strange and interesting things to the "ingenious and curious men" at the American Philosophical Society. Find out about Thomas Jefferson's live grizzly bears, Lewis and Clark's pressed plant specimens, Charles Willson Peale's mastodon skeleton, and other remarkable items that filled Philosophical Hall.
About Jane: Dr. Jane E. Boyd gets around town as an independent curator and museum consultant specializing in interdisciplinary exhibitions and projects, on topics ranging from natural history to Civil War medicine to chemistry sets. She has worked for the APS Museum and Library, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Chemical Heritage Foundation, the Mütter Museum, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and the Wagner Free Institute of Science. More on her website at www.jane-e-boyd.com.
Steve Alt, "So You Think You Know Plants…"
…But you probably don't, at least not about their origins. While certain founders were hard at work in the business of creating a country, other colonists were exploring the natural history of the New World. With thousands of new species to investigate and a substantial market in the import and export of exotic plants, there was a lot of green to be made in the greenhouse. This talk will explore the world of agriculture and horticulture in the 18th century.
About Steve: Steve Alt started farming in Plainsboro, NJ when he was just a wee lad. When the malls came to cover the strawberry and potato fields of NJ, Steve moved to botanical gardens and eventually trained in horticulture at the Morris Arboretum. He has a BA in history from the University of Pennsylvania, serves as a museum guide at the American Philosophical Society Museum, and has been in the landscaping and horticulture business in Chestnut Hill for 16 years.
What else can you expect? Lauren Duguid is going to show us all that you can play some pretty sweet music using a saw!
When: Wednesday, July 1
What time: Doors open at 4pm. Show starts at 7:30pm
How much: $5 cover gets you admission plus happy hour specials all night
Where: Frankford Hall, 1210 Frankford Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19125
Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: animals, APS, history, history of science, horticulture, live music, museums, natural history, Philadelphia history, philosophy, plants, salamanders, weird science | No Comments »
Nerd Nite No. 41: Come for the knowledge, stay for the beer and awesome Philly nerds
Ready for Nerd Nite Number 41 on Wednesday, September 3? The Nerd Nite Philly team is pleased to present you with…
Naomi Hampson will present "From Underwear to Gutenberg: The Rise of Movable Type Printing"
Why did it take until the second half of the 15th century for moveable type printing to be developed? A number of technological, sociological, and fashion changes all converged to make moveable type printing not only possible, but necessary. This talk will trace those changes and explain how underwear ultimately led to the printing revolution.
About Naomi: Naomi Hampson recently graduated from the Drexel University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, where she studied human bone. In completely unrelated research, she studies the history of European printing. She is currently trying to recreate a medieval printing ink, and has happily and safely learned from her failures, which included a fireball. In her spare time, she is involved with the Society for Creative Anachronisms, which lets her develop these interests within a hands on medieval research framework. While still looking for a job in her actual field of study, she is opening a coffee shop in Philadelphia, which will be called Philly Grinds.
Trevor McElroy will discuss ""Boundaries, names, and expansion; a history of the map of Philadelphia"
About Trevor: Trevor McElroy is a Philly tour guide and "free lance historian". He gives all types of tours in and around Philly, and has been a guide at Bartram's Garden for a several years. He is also an Association of Phila. Tour Guides (APT) certified guide and board member. Trevor also has the fine distinction of being a Nerd Nite Philly alumnus who has proudly represented Philadelphia at Nerd Nite Global Fest in NYC.
Chris Cummins will share his thoughts about "The Greatest Pop Culture Board Games Ever Made"
Throughout the years there have been countless board games based on everything from Kojak to Bigfoot. They are wondrous! In this talk, Nerd Nite Philly co-boss/pop culture historian Chris Cummins will examine the coolest classic board games around, and offer up his skewed views on why these pastimes will never go out of style.
About Chris: Chris Cummins is a Philadelphia-based writer who regularly contributes to Geekadelphia, Den of Geek US, Topless Robot and his own site, Hibernation Sickness. He'll be hosting the upcoming Sci-Fi Explosion and Doctor Who Trivia/Costume Contest next month as part of New York Super Week. You can find him on Twitter @bionicbigfoot.
Our musical guest will by local singer Victoria Watts!
The specifics:
Wednesday September 3
Show starts at 7:30pm
Frankford Hall, 1210 Frankford Avenue
*Seating is first come first serve. Standing room after the tables fill*
$5 cover gets you admission and happy hour specials all evening
Be there!
The Nerd Nite Team Philly
Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: 2014, board games, movable type, Nerd Nite Alumni, Philadelphia history | No Comments »
Greetings nerds!
Be prepared for another informative Nerd Nite next Wednesday, June 12, a night promising to be better than your typical summer school– happy hour priced beer and big German pretzels are involved!
doors at 7:00, show at 7:30 sharp
$5 cover gets you a night of nerdy fun, plus food and drink specials
Importantly, our line up of distinguished speakers and their prepared talks:
Bibotorium: Dreamboats for Nightmares by Camp Little Hope
Camp Little Hope directs a project called Bibotorium in an abandoned swimming pool as part of the Hidden City Philadelphia Festival. Bibotorium is an educational saloon and public think-tank for imagining the future of water in Philadelphia. Through conversation and complimentary beverage service, Camp Little Hope designs and builds boats to illustrate future water environments.
Bio: Camp Little Hope is an international research collective that works in proprioceptive museum installations, free algorithmic restaurants, sustainable impossibilities, alternative institutional forms, speculative sciences, and matching jumpsuits. www.camplittlehope.com
Analytical Improv: Patterns and Intuition by Matt Akana
Professional nerd Matt Akana explains an analytical approach to improv comedy that involves pattern recognition and developing a sense of play. He explains how to push through the initial obstacles to truly enjoy being in the moment, with no safety net, in front of others. He will demonstrate how to fail with momentum!
Bio: Matthew Akana is a San Francisco-born, Philadelphia-residing improv comedy performer, game designer, and molecular biologist. During the day he does high throughput pharmaceutical assay development and by night he performs live with ZaoGao at the Philly Improv Theater and with the N Crowd.
The Weird World of Archie Comics by Chris Cummins
Throughout the 1970s, strange things were afoot in the seemingly peaceful town of Riverdale. In an effort to make their books more competitive with their edgier rivals at DC and Marvel, Archie Comics started focusing on telling grittier tales in some of their titles that involved such story elements as murderous crooks, high school scandals and even Satanic teddy bears. As you can probably guess, they were amazing. Around the same time, Archie artist Al Hartley convinced his bosses to allow him to create religious versions of Archie books to be sold at Christian bookstores. These oddities are a head-scratching bunch that come complete with Betty Cooper trying to convert her heathen pals and a cameo appearance by Jesus as a surfer dude. Subsequent decades have seen such head-scratching developments in the Archieverse as Jughead travelling through time with one of Archie's female descendents from the 29th century, as well as a monthly title that gave the staff of Riverdale High super powers. This talk will present a look at the oddest moments from Archie's storied history, offering up a compelling glimpse at how easily the middle of the road can swerve into Weirdsville.
Bio: Chris Cummins is a Philadelphia-based writer who regularly contributes to Geekadelphia and Topless Robot. He also runs the blogs Hibernation Sickness, What's Dave Kendall Wearing? and Songs of 1992, and co-hosts a monthly quizzo night at The Dive. When not writing about pop culture, he can usually be found obsessing over everything from Star Wars figures to forgotten shoegaze bands. You can follow him on Twitter at @bionicbigfoot.
Music by Los Festingos!
A Festingo: One whom expands the musical universe through creative, humorous, and often outrageous feats of harmonious excellence.
Nerd Nite Philly Crew
Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: art, comedy, comic books, Philadelphia history, sustainability | No Comments »
Nerd Nite No. 25, May 15, 2013
Yo Nerds!
Fast on the heels of the Philadelphia Science Festival, we bring you an eclectic mix of nerdosity. Be prepared to hear about the following hot topics: 1) earwax (for realz), 2) an ancient and defunct Philly landmark, and 3) Mr. T.
Sadly, this Nerd Nite is the last one for Nerd Nite boss Matt Young. Lucky us though, because he's agreed to play guitar and sing some songs – he's a boss on guitar too. Please come out and wish him well before he moves down south!
We pity the fool that doesn't attend this Nerd Nite.
"Stink, Stank, Stunk . . . The Science of Human Earwax and Body Odor" by Kate PriggeEarwax isn't something that most people think about on a daily basis; in fact most people do their best to get rid of it. Did you know that earwax exists in two genetically determined types: wet (sticky, yellow-colored), and dry (flaky, white)? Interestingly, earwax actually plays an important role in protecting your inner ear canal from physical damage and infection. Although earwax and body odor generally get a bad rap, both are necessary to your overall well-being. In this talk you'll learn about the origin of human body odor and the role your genes play in earwax and body odor production.
Bio: Kate is a postdoctoral researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. She recently obtained her Ph.D. in Chemistry from Johns Hopkins University in 2012. Her current research focuses on human body odors. Kate applies organic-analytical chemistry techniques along with molecular genetics and sensory evaluation methodologies to examine human odor production.
"An Indian Pole on the Edge of Town." by Harry KyriakodisThe "Indian Pole" was an ancient Philly landmark, once located at 4th and Vine, that no longer exists. Learn about this 85 foot high pole that was capped by a 9 foot tall Native American figure, holding a bow and quiver with one arm outstretched. More importantly, what happened to this crazy (though once revered) thing? Maybe you can help shed some light on this mystery, which the speaker has been investigating–in vain–for years.
Bio: A historian and writer about Philadelphia, Harry Kyriakodis has collected what is likely the largest private collection of books about the City of Brotherly Love—more than 2500 titles, new and old. Harry is the author of Philadelphia's Lost Waterfront andNorthern Liberties: The Story of a Philadelphia River Ward, both published by The History Press. In addition, he gives walking tours and presentations on unique yet unappreciated parts of the city.
"Mr. T: Three Decades of Fool-Pitying Merchandise" by Ben Leach
If you grew up in the 1980s, Mr. T was a ubiquitous presence who preached wholesome values to kids while making a career out of punching and throwing people. All these years later, Mr. T has remained relevant in popular culture thanks in large part to serving as a spokesman for a wide variety of companies. Why do companies still seek out an action star who hit his career peak before the 1980s were even halfway over? It's thanks in large part to Mr. T's role as an unassuming merchandising mogul. In this presentation, you will be taken through Mr. T's career as told entirely through merchandise, artifacts, readings, and clips related to the "man with the gold" from the 1980s until the present day from all over the world. From his own cereal and motivational tapes to some interesting choices in roles in the 1990s to selling out to shill your product, the influence of Mr. T on your life is practically inescapable.
Bio: Ben Leach is a New Jersey-based science and medical writer. However, he is also a collector of the eclectic and unusual, especially if it's something that relates to his childhood from the 1980s and 1990s. He has been a published author on collectibles since he was 19, with work appearing in Lee's Toy Review, Toyfare, and about.com. Currently, he operates a website dedicated to antiques and collectibles with his family called The Collector Gene (www.collectorgene.com) and is launching another website, Retro Play Time (www.retroplaytime.com), later this year.
And music by Matt Young!
Be there and be square.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: earwax, history, Mr. T, Philadelphia history, smells, weird science | No Comments »


text:
By category: Biography Fiction Nonfiction Video
Home » Book Store » Fiction
Have you read an interesting book dealing with self injury? Do you want to review one of the books? Please contact me.
Psyke.org Recommends
Fifteen-year old Callie is so withdrawn that she's not speaking to anyone — including her therapist at Sea Pines, known to its guests as 'Sick Minds' — the residential treatment facility where her parents and doctor send her after discovering that she cuts herself. Her story unfolds primarily through dramatic monologues, gradually revealing the family turmoil that led to her self-destructive behaviour. More…
Buy from Amazon.com or Amazon.co.uk.
Shelley Stoehr
Unhappy at home, Nancy and her friend Katie adopt punk lifestyles and find relief in cutting themselves, until Nancy is forced to confront her problems. More…
A student from Boston wins a guest editorship on a national magazine, and finds a new world at her feet. Her New York life is crowded with possibilities, so the choice of future is overwhelming. She is faced with the perennial problems of morality, behaviour and identity. More…
Containing everything that celebrated poet Sylvia Plath wrote after 1956, this is one of the most comprehensive collections of her work. Edited, annotated, and with an introduction by Ted Hughes. More…
Other Books in Fiction
CAPTÏV
S. Marie
A collection of poems woven together to tell the story of a journey from child abuse and self-injury towards healing. Published for fellow survivors, those who self-injure, healing professionals, and anyone interested in understanding, preventing and healing the various forms of child abuse and self-injury.
Visit the CAPTÏV website.
Buy from: Amazon.com
Pure / A Certain Age
Rebbecca Ray
A coming-of-age novel which provides an account of adolescence and its trials and tribulations, including: parents, first love, first sexual encounters, school and friends. More…
Afraid of the Dark
Michelle Devlin
Ali Connery, a 29 year old married woman, has been afraid of the dark her whole life. She finally agrees to see a therapist to begin facing and dealing with the cause of her fears and nightmares. After crying through most of the first session, she realizes therapy is the only way she's going to be able to overcome those fears and work through her recurrent depression. As the therapy progresses Ali begins to confront the affects of the sexual abuse that was heaped on her during childhood and followed her into adulthood. More…
Buy from Amazon.com or Amazon.com.
The Luckiest Girl in the World
Steven Levenkron
Katie Roskova appears to be the luckiest girl in the world, but inwardly she suffers. Unable to express her feelings outwardly, Katie begins to secretly wound herself, but as the pressures mount, her self-inflicted wounds become more serious, and she can no longer hide them from others. More…
Permanent location: http://www.psyke.org/bookstore/fiction


text:
Okręg wyborczy Bradford powstał w 1832 r. i wysyłał do brytyjskiej Izby Gmin dwóch deputowanych. Okręg obejmował miasto Bradford. Został zlikwidowany w 1885 r.

Deputowani do brytyjskiej Izby Gmin z okręgu Bradford
 1832–1841: Ellis Cunliffe Lister, wigowie
 1832–1837: John Hardy, wigowie, od 1835 r. Partia Konserwatywna
 1837–1841: William Busfield, wigowie
 1841–1847: John Hardy, Partia Konserwatywna
 1841–1841: William Cunliffe Lister, wigowie
 1841–1851: William Busfield, wigowie
 1847–1852: Thomas Perronet Thompson, wigowie
 1851–1857: Robert Millingan, wigowie
 1852–1867: Henry Wickham Wickham, Partia Konserwatywna
 1857–1859: Thomas Perronet Thompson, wigowie
 1859–1861: Titus Salt, Partia Liberalna
 1861–1885: William Edward Forster, Partia Liberalna
 1867–1868: Matthew William Thompson, Partia Liberalna
 1868–1869: Henry William Ripley, Partia Liberalna
 1869–1874: Edward Miall, Partia Liberalna
 1874–1880: Henry William Ripley, Partia Liberalna
 1880–1885: Alfred Illingworth, Partia Liberalna

Linki zewnętrzne
 leighrayment.com

Bradford


In Europe and the U.S., we have a forty to fifty percent chance of illness from cancer at some time in our life. So what do you do if you are diagnosed with the disease? The harshness of orthodox treatments (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy) are well-known. Their use is widespread, but their results are not very impressive. Faced with these options, informed patients are increasingly seeking alternative and complementary strategies to take control of healing their illness. This book provides an overview of those options.
In Cancer Recovery Guide, Chamberlain presents fifteen simple and practical strategies for becoming well again. These strategies are grouped into three families―those that relate to the mind and the emotions (did you know stress makes cancers more aggressive?); those that address the health of the whole body (cancer cannot survive in a tissue environment that is truly healthy); and those that focus on attacking cancerous tumors directly.
The personal stories cited throughout Cancer Recovery Guide testify to the therapeutic possibilities of the strategies presented.