text:
Council consults on land gift to Canterbury Museum
By: Christchurch City Council
Published: Wed 16 Sep 2015 10:49 AM
Christchurch City Council will consult residents about gifting land to the Canterbury Museum for a new House Museum.
Canterbury Museum and the Ravenscar Trust today unveiled plans for a new $13 million building to display one of New Zealand's most significant private collections of art, sculpture, designer furniture and classical antiquities.
The Council has agreed to consult residents, nearby property owners and other interested parties on a proposal to gift the proposed Rolleston Avenue site to Canterbury Museum, which would in turn lease it to the Ravenscar Trust for the House Museum.
Canterbury Museum would own the completed building and display objects from its own extensive design collections in the new facility. It would operate the House Museum jointly with the Trust which will meet the construction costs.
Mayor Lianne Dalziel says she is thrilled by the generosity of the Ravenscar Trust in offering to build this for the people of Christchurch.
"The Wakefields lost their home in the earthquakes and are choosing to replace it in a way that will be of great benefit to the city. It is a very special gesture."
The Council-owned property on the corner of Rolleston Avenue and Worcester Boulevard is valued at $5 million, and is currently used as a public car park. It also has temporary public toilets servicing a nearby tour bus stop.
Under the terms of the proposed gift, the land would return to the Council at no cost if the House Museum did not receive resource consent, or it was not finished within a reasonable time frame.
Consultation on the proposed land gift runs from Thursday 17 September until midday Monday 19 October. Residents can have a say on the Council website, or by filling in a submission form at Council libraries or service centres.
Further information about the House Museum, designed by Andrew Patterson, the architect responsible for the award-winning Botanic Gardens Visitor Centre, is available on the Canterbury Museum website.


Invisalign i7 is Invisalign's newest creation designed to treat very minor orthodontic issues with speed and ease. It's the ideal treatment for both adults and teenagers looking to perfect their smiles while avoiding the long treatment time and hassle of traditional braces.
How does Invisalign i7 work?
Invisalign i7 works just like Invisalign; you're provided with a series of clear, removable aligners designed to move your teeth gradually into their new and improved position. Invisalign i7 uses just seven aligners — hence the name — and treats most cases in as little as three months.
All you need to do is wear each aligner for two weeks before you change it for a new one. Keep your aligners in for at least 20-22 hours per day and you'll have a newly straightened smile in no time. As the aligners are removable, you can take them out for eating, drinking, and cleaning your teeth afterwards.
You'll have regular appointments with us throughout your treatment, just so we can keep an eye on your progress. Since there are no fiddly wires to change or adjustments to make, your appointments will be much quicker than usual.
How is Invisalign i7 different from Invisalign?
Invisalign i7 and Invisalign both work the same way and offer the same amazing benefits. Invisalign i7 simply uses less aligners than Invisalign — only seven are needed to straighten teeth in as little as three months.
Invisalign i7 is suitable for both adults and teenagers with very slight dental flaws. Mild crowding, small gaps, or a crooked tooth are the best cases for this treatment. You can find out if Invisalign i7 is right for you at your consultation with Smile Dentist.
Yes, you'll be given a fixed or removable retainer to keep your teeth straight after treatment.
How much does Invisalign i7 cost?
The price of Invisalign i7 begins at £1500.
To find out the exact cost of your treatment, please visit Smile Dentist for a free, no-obligation consultation. We'll discuss your treatment and provide you with the full cost of your treatment, as well as information on our affordable payment plans.
Are you interested in learning more about Invisalign i7? Book your consultation at Smile Dentist today by calling us on 0203 7457525.


FS15 is a manageable PA sound system featuring 12 x 3,25'' speakers and a 15'' powerful subwoofer.
The compact line array guarantees high performance in a unique and flexible design. It is unbelievably easy to use and it delivers a perfect sound quality. Sleek and lightweight, its shape has been designed especially for frequently-traveling musicians.
FS15 is a two-way powered PA system ready to be plugged in. The FS15 portable line array PA system features twelve x 3.25'' mid/high frequency drivers and one 15'' bass reflex.
It delivers 90 degrees of horizontal coverage and 10 degrees vertical coverage. It has an onboard console with two channels. Provided with Bluetooth technology, it is equipped with handles for easy carrying.
Extremely efficient 15'' woofer driver provides incredibly deep bass and acoustic power.


BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. (AP) _ Mary Frann, who played Bob Newhart's wife on TV's ``Newhart,″ died Wednesday at 55.
Ms. Frann died at her home. The cause of death wasn't immediately known.
On ``Newhart,″ which ran on CBS for eight years, she played Joanna Louden, who with her husband ran a bed-and-breakfast in New England.
Born in St. Louis, Ms. Frann studied drama at Northwestern University and worked as weather reporter for the NBC station in St. Louis. She was also host of a morning show on the ABC station in Chicago for four years.
She is survived by two sisters and a brother.


Mo drama…Mo drama…Mo drama!! This week on Bravo's The Real Housewives of Atlanta, DeShawn plans a gathering for the girls to try to get the "friends" back together after last week's backstabbing fiasco.
New BFF's Kim and Sheree decide to go on a boat trip prior to the BBQ and end up getting stuck on a secluded island when the boat's engine fails – making them late for the BBQ (where NeNe, Lisa, and DeShawn are all waiting). Of course this results in even more drama! NeNe also gets the results of her DNA test to find out who her father is….


Bringing your plans to life is the core activity of our business. As the premier custom builder in Northwest Michigan, we have earned a reputation for delivering the highest quality construction while completing our projects on time & on budget. Using project management techniques honed over twenty years of building in Northern Michigan we provide our clients with the most efficient and cost effective construction process available.
It is the mission of every person in our organization to insure that our clients have a memorable and enjoyable building experience, and our commitment to this goal shows in the friendships that our team members have developed with our clients over the years.
Are you interested in Commercial Construction? Click here to learn more!
"As a businessman I can appreciate the value of working with partners who know their craft and take the initiative to insure a good outcome even without my input. Wright builders were very easy to work with (even though we live hundreds of miles from our cottage). The project wen very smoothly and we were kept in the loop at all times. We are very happy with the finished product and look forward to working with the Wrights again on our "phase two"!"


text:
> News > Featured News Stories > 2011
Search the press releases archive
Faculty News, Notes, and Accolades
Student News, Notes, and Accolades
Explore Research by Topic
Featured News Archives
Indian health service director discusses challenges of doing more with less
December 15, 2011 — The Indian Health Service's limited resources are both a sore point and a strength, says its director, Yvette Roubideaux. They're a … Continue reading "Indian health service director discusses challenges of doing more with less"
Faculty members Nan Laird, Robert Blendon, and Sarah Fortune honored
December 15, 2011 — Nan Laird was appointed the new Harvey V. Fineberg Professor of Public Health. This honor recognizes her more than 35 years … Continue reading "Faculty members Nan Laird, Robert Blendon, and Sarah Fortune honored"
Health care policy expert says now is the time to focus on prevention
December 14, 2011 — With national health care reform underway, there should be plenty of opportunities for individuals, health care providers, insurers, and policymakers … Continue reading "Health care policy expert says now is the time to focus on prevention"
Conference addresses quantitative challenges of using complex genomics data in medical research
December 13, 2011 With the completion of the 13-year Human Genome Project in 2003, many scientists have been hopeful that the wealth of new … Continue reading "Conference addresses quantitative challenges of using complex genomics data in medical research"
Mary Ellen Avery, pioneer in medicine and public health, dies at 84
December 8, 2011 — Mary Ellen Avery, a major figure in Boston medicine and public health whose work while a research fellow at HSPH in … Continue reading "Mary Ellen Avery, pioneer in medicine and public health, dies at 84"
Posted on December 8, 2011 January 9, 2014
Fighting malaria with spermless mosquitoes
December 8, 2011 Flaminia Catteruccia, a molecular entomologist and new associate professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard School of Public Health, wants … Continue reading "Fighting malaria with spermless mosquitoes"
HSPH papers recognized as some of 2011's most influential public health research
December 8, 2011 — Congratulations to three HSPH papers, which were recognized in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) list of the Most Influential Research of … Continue reading "HSPH papers recognized as some of 2011's most influential public health research"
HSPH researcher studies best ways to prevent auto-pedestrian crashes
December 7, 2011 — When people get hit by cars, what's the biggest reason? Is it because people don't pay enough attention when they … Continue reading "HSPH researcher studies best ways to prevent auto-pedestrian crashes"
Depression in nursing home workers linked to work-family stress
December 5, 2011 Financial strain, insufficient food often to blame A study led by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) researchers, published November 17, … Continue reading "Depression in nursing home workers linked to work-family stress"
Former U.S. President George W. Bush visits HSPH-affiliated AIDS clinic in Tanzania
December 2, 2011 — On World AIDS Day, George W. Bush and Laura Bush visited the new Mnazi Mmoja Center for Excellence in HIV Care and … Continue reading "Former U.S. President George W. Bush visits HSPH-affiliated AIDS clinic in Tanzania"
Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 … Page 9 Next »
Explore HSPH research by topic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Central Asia Report: April 14, 2004
April 14, 2004 00:00 GMT
14 April 2004, Volume 4, Number 15
CENTRAL ASIA: THE WEEK AT A GLANCE. As the violence that rumbled through Uzbekistan on 28 March-1 April ebbed into memory with no further incidents to roil the waters, the region returned to familiar pursuits. Uzbek President Islam Karimov urged the Uzbek people on 7 April to unite "like a fist," assuring them that the perpetrators would be brought to justice and suggesting that the trail of terror led abroad. Prosecutor-General Rashid Qodirov informed journalists at a 9 April briefing that 54 suspects were under arrest. Qodirov described them as religious extremists from a group that drew its ideological inspiration from Hizb ut-Tahrir and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (also known as the Islamic Movement of Turkestan) and trained its members at the same foreign camps, presumably in Afghanistan or Pakistan, that readied Al-Qaeda fighters. Even as the wheels of justice turned, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development decided on 6 April that it had had enough of Karimov's recalcitrance over reform and announced that it would substantially curtail its involvement in Uzbekistan.
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Chairman-in-Office and Bulgarian Foreign Minister Solomon Pasi completed a week-long whirlwind tour that brought him, respectively, to Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. In advancing the dual causes of regional security and Bulgarian-Central Asian relations, Pasi proved himself a consummate diplomat, maintaining cordial dialogue with five leaders who have rarely managed the same among themselves. Additionally, Pasi said during his visit to Kyrgyzstan that foreign bases in the country are necessary to reduce the threat of terrorism. The foreign ministers of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan met in Moscow on 6 April to discuss, yet again, the as-yet unresolved legal status of the Caspian Sea. The parties respectfully agreed to continue the discussion of their disagreements in another place and at another time, perhaps at the presidential level in Tehran toward the end of the year.
Kazakh Defense Minister Mukhtar Altynbaev affirmed on 7 April that Kazakh peacekeepers will leave Iraq as scheduled on 30 May, leading some to trumpet Kazakhstan's impending departure from the coalition, while others noted that the peacekeepers number only 27 and their departure date remains unchanged. After Russian television nervously suggested that Kazakhstan might be pondering NATO membership, a Kazakh Foreign Ministry spokesman hastened to smooth ruffled feathers, saying that Kazakhstan's "full-scale cooperation with NATO on a number of international programs" has not given rise to any desire to join the alliance. Kazakhstan also witnessed a minor ministerial reshuffling, Constitutional Council approval for a controversial law on elections, and a weekend demonstration attended by 5,000 calling for the freedom of imprisoned opposition leader Ghalymzhan Zhaqiyanov.
Four Tajik opposition parties -- the Democratic Party, Social-Democratic Party, Islamic Renaissance Party, and Socialist Party -- promised to join forces to observe elections and guarantee the observance of democratic principles. The union is purely tactical and implies no common program. Tajik law-enforcement officials broke up a hitherto unknown group of religious extremists -- Bay'at -- arresting 20 people on suspicion of committing 60 murders. Finally, a grumpy Saparmurat Niyazov lost his patience at a 5 April cabinet meeting over $287 million in wage arrears to state employees. The Turkmen president-for-life dressed down his minister of economy and finance and threatened to fire him unless workers receive their back pay within a week.
TERROR IN UZBEKISTAN: THE AFTERMATH. Relative calm has come to Uzbekistan in the wake of the violent events of 28 March-1 April, but it has brought with it scant additional clarity. Two significant fault lines have emerged in discussions of the violence, both of them separating Uzbek officialdom from much, but not all, other commentary. The first runs through the question of how to categorize the events, and the second how they were covered by the media.
Uzbek Prosecutor-General Rashid Qodirov presented the official view at a 9 April news conference in Tashkent. Qodirov told journalists that interviews with more than 700 witnesses and victims have led to the arrest of 54 individuals, of whom 45 have been formally charged. Thirty of the 33 dead militants have been identified; the authorities hope to identify the remainder with the help of DNA testing.
According to Qodirov, a number of underground "jamoats" -- societies, or groups -- of religious extremists began to operate in Bukhara and Tashkent in 2000. The report posted by official news agency UzA said that the jamoats conducted ideological indoctrination with the help of "illegal audio, video and printed materials, as well as CD-ROMs. An analysis of their contents showed that the ideas they stressed included calls for the violent overthrow of the constitutional system and the creation of an Islamic state with its subsequent transformation into a 'caliphate.'"
While Uzbek President Islam Karimov's 29 March address blamed "dark forces" for the incidents, subsequent statements by lower-ranking officials (including Prosecutor-General Qodirov) were more specific, blaming Hizb ut-Tahrir and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) while suggesting ties to Al-Qaeda. When Karimov spoke to journalists at Tashkent airport on 7 April before his departure for Latvia on an official visit, he said: "The investigation and search activities will be completed. Everything I said in my address on TV [on 29 March] will come true," Uzbek Radio reported the same day.
Indeed, Qodirov hewed closely to the president's original comments at the 9 April briefing, implying ties to well-known radical organizations without making them explicit. RFE/RL's Uzbek Service quoted him as saying, "[The militants'] suicidal subversive actions were based on the propaganda of members of the Islamic Movement of Turkestan [another name for the IMU]." Qodirov noted that the detainees have testified that "they received instruction and underwent military training at camps with Arab instructors. At the same time, Al-Qaeda fighters also received training from those instructors."
The thrust of the official interpretation was clearest in a 6 April article in the state-run daily "Xalq so'zi." It said, "The majority [of journalists] rightfully consider the acts of terror at the World Trade Center in New York, in commuter trains in Mozdok and Kislovodsk, in Moscow's residential neighborhoods and metro, and at the Children's World store in Tashkent to be 'the work of a single terrorist center that brings together extremist groups of Islamists' (V. Nikonov [director of Russia's Politics Foundation])." A 6 April article in "The Christian Science Monitor" reported that on 4 April Uzbek television described Uzbekistan as the latest victim of terrorists who earlier targeted the United States, Spain, and Russia.
Some observers have indeed viewed the violence in Uzbekistan as part of the larger phenomenon of radical Islamist terror, most notably Zeyno Baran in a 2 April article entitled "The Road from Tashkent to the Taliban" in "National Review Online." In its broad outlines, this view is consistent with statements by Uzbek officials, stressing the role of suicide bombers, the targeting of a children's store, and the possible involvement of Hizb ut-Tahrir. Most specialists, however, have found more difference than similarity, noting that the suicide bombers in Tashkent either blew themselves up or struck at the police, the children's store in question was clearly not the target of the particular attack in question, and no convincing evidence as yet points to a link to Hizb ut-Tahrir, even if one chooses to discount the group's twice-stated official denial of involvement.
The question of responsibility will likely evoke heated discussion for some time. While Hizb ut-Tahrir has vociferously denied any involvement, several dubious claims of responsibility have appeared. The first came in the form of an e-mail in Russian and Uzbek to an obscure anti-Karimov site. The text, hastily composed and laden with errors of spelling and punctuation, said that the attacks were the work of a hitherto unknown group called "Islamic Jihad" and termed them "revenge against the foes of Islam...for the arrest and torture of our brothers and sisters." It contained no information that would lend the claim credibility and most media outlets (including RFE/RL) chose not to cover it. (A second message from the same group and in the same style to the same anti-Karimov site on 5 April referred to "documents recorded on videocassettes" that the group cannot presently make available because the materials "are far away.")
AP reported on 11 April that the "Jihad Islamic Group" had claimed responsibility in a statement posted on "at least three militant Islamic sites." According to this statement, "The Jihad Islamic Group is responsible for all the jihad operations that took place and are still going on in the Islamic state of Uzbekistan.... These operations came as a response to the injustice and brutality practiced by the infidel leaders in this country." Finally, CentrAsia reported on 12 April, citing Israeli press sources, that Egypt's Islamic Jihad had claimed responsibility and promised to continue fighting against the Uzbek government to create an "Islamic state of Uzbekistan." These subsequent statements -- from groups with virtually identical names -- appear to differ from the first "claim" of responsibility only in that they received broader media coverage.
Media coverage itself was another bone of contention. In the uneasy calm after the violence, Uzbekistan's official media reacted angrily to foreign coverage of the events. Russian coverage was deemed especially egregious. An article in "Novosti Uzbekistana" on 9 April began, "The acts of terror by extremists...were unambiguously intended to destabilize Uzbekistan in order to stop its movement along the path of democratic development." It continued, "The views aired on 'Akhborot' [Uzbekistan's main national news broadcast], which reflected this and other positions, drew criticism from Russia's Channel 1 and NTV." The article went on to cite the transcribed text of an "Akhborot" program: "Recent events in Uzbekistan prove once again that for reasons of ambition, or, to be more accurate, provocation, certain media outlets are engaged in the blatant and frenzied falsification of facts. How can one reconcile oneself to machinations based on people's grief, human victims, and an entire people's sorrow?" Though the article avoided specifics, its point was clear -- Russian media provided a false picture of events in Uzbekistan.
The above-mentioned 6 April article in "Xalq So'zi" was even more pointed in its criticism, and its implications: "Have you heard the joke about the destruction of the space shuttle 'Challenger'? Media outlets received telegrams with condolences from all over the world. But the telegram from Moscow arrived 10 minutes before the 'Challenger' crashed.... One could not help but recall this joke when our foreign colleagues -- for example, from [Russia's] NTV television channel -- reported on certain events connected with the terror attacks in our country." The author concluded: "Their goal is not to disseminate objective and accurate information. Their goal is absolutely different: to sow panic and rancor among the civilian population, to make the situation worse. Any rational reader should know where this can lead and what consequences it can have."
Despite the overheated tone, the critical outbursts pointed out certain inaccuracies in Russian coverage. For example, a 31 March article in "Izvestiya" breathlessly titled "Militants Nearly Flood Tashkent" suggested that a bomb blast came close to destroying the Charvoq reservoir and inundating the Uzbek capital; the report later proved to be grossly exaggerated. Then again, the Russian press's penchant for sensationalism extends to domestic coverage as well, and many media observers blamed inaccuracies in the coverage of unfolding events in Uzbekistan on the Uzbek authorities' own reluctance to provide information or to let journalists work unimpeded.
The jeremiads about bias are striking less for their righteous indignation than for their specific focus on Russian coverage. After all, Western media were in many instances far more critical of official Uzbek pronouncements. But while Uzbekistan is largely sealed off from Western media, Russian sources seep in. The ire directed at Russian media shows just how sensitive Uzbek officials are to the presence of alternate sources of information and, more importantly, the possibility that they might influence popular perceptions within Uzbekistan.
TERROR IN UZBEKISTAN: OTHER VIEWS. Below are presented materials on the events of 28 March-1 April that would not be otherwise available in English. The unscientific sampling of popular opinion from Deutsche Welle has been translated from Russian. The reports by RFE/RL's Uzbek Service are written condensations of original broadcasts; they have been translated from Uzbek.
Deutsche Welle (9 April 2004): Tashkent Residents On The Acts Of Terror And The Government: An Alternative Survey
How do residents of Tashkent, a city that has just experienced a series of terror acts, feel about security, ordinary life, and what tomorrow holds? The Uzbek public opinion center Ijtimoiy Fikr conducted a quick survey of the country's population to determine citizens' attitudes toward recent events. Respondents were asked to answer the question: "How do you assess the security measures that have been taken by the country's leadership?" Ninety-eight percent of those surveyed are convinced that the acts of terror were committed by antisocial forces and that a battle is under way between, on the one hand, progress, democracy, and freedom, and, on the other, dark forces that resent the country's independence. The results of the Ijtimoiy Fikr poll show that 99.6 percent of respondents support the leadership's measures to fight terrorism. Our correspondent Nataliya Bushueva conducted an alternative poll on the streets of Tashkent.
Tashkent residents put forward various explanations for what took place. What was the real reason for the explosions? Random passersby in the capital shared their thoughts on this topic with a Deutsche Welle correspondent:
"I think it's just people driven to desperation. It's not organized crime."
"It's primarily popular indignation at the bribes that the police make people pay."
"I think it's insurgents. They want liberation from the crush of the police. Basically, who knows. The prosecutor-general is the one who gives our official answers to these questions. What do people think? Most people are saying that it wasn't Al-Qaeda, but locals who are sick of what's going on."
"Insurgents would never commit suicide, but here they're killing themselves. I think it's terrorists. I agree with the government's point of view on this. I'm just surprised -- why was this necessary?"
"In Bukhara a woman blew herself up. How could she be a terrorist? This was an act of desperation."
"I feel that it's popular anger at the police because the police are blasphemous and indecent."
"These aren't terrorists. People are fed up. I heard that the police killed an old man at the Chorsu market. That's why it happened. My personal opinion is that the police make it impossible for people to live. There's one policeman for each merchant [at the market]! They chase the merchants around as though they're pigeons. I'm a teacher. My salary is a pittance. But they don't give a damn how we live. I think that this is the only reason for these events."
"It's probably insurgents. I mean, once you get out of the capital, people are destitute."
Tashkent residents also express various views on the security measures:
"The security measures are entirely appropriate."
"I support the government in this. Why not? Let them check me! If I'm not involved, I have nothing to hide."
"I think that they're not checking where they should. And they're checking where they shouldn't."
"They're checking everywhere. When people come from the provinces, they ask them what they're doing here and where their travel money is even though they're in their own country. This happened recently. I was in a minibus taxi, and they kicked a husband and wife out of the taxi just because they were from Khorezm. Is that right? They should pay people their wages on time and none of this would happen."
"I feel that these measures are necessary. We have to seek these people out."
"My head is covered. You see how I tied it? And they make me out to be an Islamic extremist. I'm not an Islamic extremist, just a believer. But that's not the point. All of these [security] measures are not the solution. First they have to raise the economic level and give people a chance to get on their feet."
RFE/RL Uzbek Service (30 March 2004): "The Woman Suicide Bomber's Body Was Blown Apart"
Two explosions took place at Tashkent's Chorsu market on 29 March. According to news reports, the explosions were caused by female suicide bombers.
An RFE/RL correspondent went to the Chorsu market to interview eyewitnesses to this event. One of the eyewitnesses recounted that, at first, people did not pay any attention to the explosion that took place in front of the Children's World store. They thought that it must be the police chasing some sellers out of the market. But when he went to the scene, the witness saw several policemen lying on the ground and covered in blood.
According to the second eyewitness, smoke covered everything after the explosion. He counted seven policemen lying on the ground. The woman suicide bomber's body had been blown apart.
The witnesses assert that policemen usually gathered in the morning in front of the Children's World store. The explosion occurred very close to where they were lined up. The second blast took place at the Chorsu bus stop. A female suicide bomber caused that explosion as well. As a result, a girl who was less than four years old was killed and one policeman was wounded.
Officials claim that the explosions are the work of terrorist groups. But some of the sellers and witnesses at Chorsu say that they link these events to a 28 March incident at Chorsu in which a policeman beat to death a 78-year-old man. They suggest that the explosions were a response to the beating death of the old man.
According to information from Tashkent City Hospital No. 1, where the dead and wounded from the blasts were brought, 32 people were hospitalized with injuries, including 16 policemen.
RFE/RL Uzbek Service (29 March 2004): The Death Of An Elderly Man: Why?
According to news reports, a policeman beat an elderly man to death on 28 March at Tashkent's Chorsu market.
According to information an RFE/RL correspondent learned from eyewitnesses, at 8 a.m. on 28 March six policemen stopped a young man who was working as a cart pusher at the market. They wanted to take him to the market's police checkpoint because he lacked the necessary employment documents. Some women trading at the market had goods in the cart, and they tried to stop the police from taking the young man away. This infuriated the policemen, who began to curse and beat the women. A man aged 65-70 who was standing nearby and watching the incident intervened in an attempt to calm the policemen. The police ignored the old man's remarks and brought the young man to the checkpoint. A short time later, one of the policemen returned to the scene. He warned the old man not to intervene in such situations and struck him in the face with his elbow. The old man began bleeding from his nose and mouth, fell to the ground, and died. A police patrol soon arrived at the scene to remove the body. They warned the merchants to keep their mouths shut.
One of the women who witnessed the scene said that at first the merchants tried to prevent the removal of the body. But the police beat them with rubber clubs in an attempt to disperse them. A few people who continued to resist the police were taken away by force. Their fate remains unknown.
According to eyewitnesses, the old man had only been working at the market for a few days. He was so quiet and reserved that others at the market didn't know either his name or where he lived.
The market's administration also claimed that it had no information about the old man. Administration officials said that the body had been taken to the morgue for an autopsy. Because no identification was found on the old man, efforts are also being made to determine his identity.
According to representatives of the Shayxontohur prosecutor's office, the old man died of natural causes and the police had nothing to do with the incident.
RFE/RL Uzbek Service (31 March 2004): Has The Uzbek Press "Bitten Its Tongue"?
An RFE/RL correspondent examined coverage of recent events in the Uzbek capital of Tashkent in the local press, and especially in newspapers.
The preliminary information that officials announced about the events of 29 March was printed in virtually all central publications. News about the events of 30 March was limited to a single, identical official bulletin. No further details were provided in the press.
A local journalist who asked that his name not be used described the situation in the press as follows: "There was definitely no openness evident in the press. Journalists couldn't even get close to the scene. This approach to coverage was supposed to prevent people from panicking, but people found everything out anyway!"
The reticence of local journalists was clearly in evidence on central television programs. According to journalist Elmira Hasanova, television reporters couldn't broadcast any information without instructions from above, that is, without permission from the presidential administration. The "Akhborot" news broadcast was under the full supervision of the presidential administration.
At the same time, according to Hasanova, some journalists tried to get information on their own: "But the city hospital and the Ministry of Health refused to provide any information. No local journalists were allowed into the 29 March press conference. They were told to get all of their information from the national news agency [UzA]. In other words, there was a monopoly on information. Even so, UzA itself didn't give out any information without permission from above."
Officials deny that there were any barriers to receiving information about the events that took place in Uzbekistan. They claim that local information agencies distributed sufficient information.
But according to independent observer Alimardon Annaev, the information that was available was absolutely insufficient. For example, when a shootout occurred in Tashkent on 30 March, the civilians who lived in the area received no information about it.
Annaev feels that in such situations, all of the organizations involved should set up a press center to provide a constant stream of updates. This would immediately eliminate any information deficit.
The "Akhborot" evening news broadcast on 30 March criticized some Russian media for their failure to cover events in Uzbekistan objectively. According to Annaev, if the Russian press carried some inaccurate reports, this was the fault of the Uzbek side. After Russian journalists found themselves confronted with a news deficit, they were forced to base their reports on rumors.
In fact, it became more and more difficult to come by official information on events in Uzbekistan. Official information about the special-forces operation in Tashkent (Qibray district, Boyjigit settlement) on 30 March was not forthcoming until 9:30 p.m. Police interfered with the work of journalists who arrived on the scene.
Hasanova commented on the shortage of information: "Our government and official media outdo any terrorist. The lack of information gave rise to all kinds of rumors and sparked tremendous anxiety. It's very easy to throw people into confusion when there are rumors of an explosion in the metro, children taken hostage in kindergarten, and new attacks in the offing."
Representatives of the Prosecutor-General's Office and Interior Ministry would not comment on the subject. They refused to provide any additional explanations, claiming that the 30 March "Akhborot" news broadcast supplied all necessary information.
RFE/RL Uzbek Service (5 April 2004): Qilichbek, Who Became Muhammadamin
Journalists focused their attention on 1 April on the explosion that took place at 8:30 p.m. on 31 March in the Sobir Rahimov neighborhood of Tashkent (Chimboy mahalla, or traditional neighborhood). They hoped to throw some light on the event that had taken place the day before.
Representatives of the Interior Ministry who were still on the scene at 9-10 a.m. refused to answer reporters' questions. A few hours later, Interior Ministry officials left the mahalla. After this, journalists were able to examine the yard where the explosion took place and speak with mahalla residents.
The yard where the alleged terrorist hid and blew himself up is extremely narrow. The gate is not large either. Despite this, there was no evidence of an explosion. Because law-enforcement officials had sealed the gate, journalists examined the yard over the wall. Although traces of blood were visible in the yard, it was difficult to see any evidence of damage to the house from an explosion. It was not possible to determine whether an explosion occurred from an examination of the yard.
According to a young man who lives next door, the person who blew himself up was originally called Qilichbek. He later changed his name to Muhammadamin. For two years, he had been a guard at a mosque.
According to accounts that the young man heard from other residents of the mahalla, Interior Ministry officials chased Qilichbek from the mosque. He fled to his home, where he hid. His wife was also at home. After his wife left, Qilichbek blew himself up. His wife sustained a wound to her face. Their 13-year-old daughter, who was studying Arabic, was not home at the time.
An RFE/RL correspondent was at the Islomobod mosque where Qilichbek occasionally worked as a guard. According to the elderly man who is now working there as a guard, Qilichbek's occupation at the mosque was spreading the faith. He would quietly pray and then leave. The police have claimed, however, that he was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir. Because the mosque's imam [prayer leader] and mutawalli [manager] were giving testimony at the Prosecutor-General's Office, it was not possible to obtain any information from them about Qilichbek. The 8:30 p.m. news broadcast on Uzbek television contained the following official report: "While under investigation by law-enforcement authorities, Qilichbek Azimbekov, who was born in 1965 and resided at 12 Chimboy Street in the Sobir Rahimov neighborhood, committed suicide with an explosive device. There were no dead or wounded among Interior Ministry officials or local residents. An investigation is under way."
Azimbekov's wife and 13-year-old daughter are apparently now testifying at the Prosecutor-General's Office. There is no information on their exact whereabouts or on the conditions in which they are being held.
RFE/RL Uzbek Service (5 April 2004): People Condemn Terror, But....
Security measures are being tightened throughout Uzbekistan in connection with the tragic events that have recently taken place in Tashkent. People are expressing various views of these events.
Most people in Qashqadaryo strongly condemn these actions. They feel that the events cannot be justified either by religious or social factors because their victims include both the innocent and the guilty. But while Uzbek officials insist that the explosions have a foreign source and were the work of religious extremists, not everyone agrees. According to one independent observer, the explosions can also be interpreted as stemming from the socioeconomic difficulties in Uzbekistan. As for the reactions, one cannot ignore the hard times Uzbeks are going through. These tragic events can also be seen as a popular protest against the government and the state.
Independent observer Ismoil Rahmonqulov said that the people who took up arms and blew themselves up may have acted out of desperation at their inability to garner a response to their problems from the authorities. We cannot be sure of this, however. What we can state with confidence is that these acts did not emerge from dissatisfaction without cause. It is no secret to anyone that life in Uzbekistan is getting worse by the day, and the explosions are also a result of this.
"The fact that mainly law-enforcement officials were the victims of the explosions shows that these acts were directed against the police. This is an indication that war has been declared on the police," read one report from an independent source. Independent observers in Qashqadaryo confirm that this view is justified.
According to Rahmonqulov, instead of protecting ordinary citizens, law-enforcement authorities are only interested in bribes. "Perhaps people who could no longer suffer this injustice took up arms?" he said.
The events in Tashkent have led to a strengthening of security measures in the provinces as well. The situation in Qashqadaryo over the last few days illustrates this. Armed police patrols carefully search cars on the road. Institutes, colleges, and schools are closed. Various administrative buildings are under heavy guard.


Weekday's during ADRI V The Go Getta Show I have made it my JOB to make sure you stay motivated and to give you something to think about. I know what its like working a JOB that you cant stand coming to when you wake up in the morning and I know what it is like to be in the Career you desire but not being in the best situation.
What I learned from it all is that daily, sometime hourly we all need a little motivation this is why I will make sure you get some! Tune In or Stream live Monday-Friday from 10AM-2PM as I give you the Go Getta Motivational Minute. If you missed it today check it out here!
Today's Quote: "Strength does not come from winning. Your struggles develop your strengths. When you go through hardships and decide not to surrender, that is strength."


text:
Oscars: David Lynch, Wes Studi getting honorary awards
By Hal Boedeker
Jun 03, 2019 | 12:27 PM
'Blue Velvet,' with Isabella Rossellini, is one of David Lynch's most famous films. He is receiving an Honorary Oscar. (Handout)
Here's news to cheer director David Lynch's many fans. The man behind "Blue Velvet," "The Elephant Man" and "Mulholland Drive" will receive an Honorary Oscar.
Other Honorary Oscars will go to Cherokee-American actor Wes Studi and Italian filmmaker Lina Wertmüller, the first woman ever nominated for best director.
Oscar winner Geena Davis ("The Accidental Tourist") will be honored with the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award for her work in eliminating gender bias and stereotypes. She is the founder and chair of the nonprofit Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media.
The four will receive their honors Oct. 27 in Hollywood. The Academy Board of Governors voted the honors on Saturday.
"These Governors Awards given by the Academy each year recognize individuals who have devoted themselves to a lifetime of artistic accomplishment and brought outstanding contributions to our industry, and beyond," said Academy President John Bailey. "It is with great pleasure that we announce this year's recipients."
Latest TV Guy
'Very Stable Genius' authors on 'Meet the Press'; Michael Waltz on 'State of the Union'
Enzian presents Sally Field in 'All My Sons,' Andrew Scott in 'Present Laughter'
Trisha Yearwood to play The Villages
Lynch has received directing nominations for "The Elephant Man," "Blue Velvet" and "Mulholland Drive." He was also nominated for co-writing "The Elephant Man." His "Twin Peaks" became a TV event. His other films include "Eraserhead," "Dune," "Wild at Heart," "Lost Highway," "The Straight Story" and "Inland Empire."
Studi has appeared in more than 30 films, including feature "Powwow Highway," "Dances with Wolves," "The Last of the Mohicans," "Geronimo: An American Legend," "Heat," "The New World" and "Avatar."
In 1977, Wertmüller became the first woman to receive an Academy Award nomination for directing for "Seven Beauties." She was also nominated for the film's original screenplay. Her other films include "The Seduction of Mimi," "Love and Anarchy" and "Swept Away." The winner for best director in 1977 was John G. Avildsen for "Rocky."
hboedeker@orlandosentinel.com
Most Read • TV Guy
WFTV: Ken Tyndall out after working at station three times


Ayce Systems offers bodyshops greater flexibility with filtration while maintaining high standards of finish quality.
This new cost-effective general purpose single phase sand blast cabinet lets you blast away paint, rust, carbon deposits and other corrosion and debris from your workpiece fast and effectively to a high quality finish.
Available in THREE sizes, featuring a rear top exhaust system and perfect for all your SMART repair needs.
A range of top quality, ducted spray paint cabinets ideal for alloy wheel repairs or refinish of small items and components.
AkzoNobel are pleased to announce the recent release of their MIXIT web application, which makes them the first vehicle refinishes paint supplier to provide real-time updates for colour software. You can now find your Autowave MM formulations straight from the internet using this site.


Herzing University is a for-profit school based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The university was founded in 1965 as a computer programming school with an inaugural class of 12 students. It has grown exponentially since then, and today there are 10 branch campuses across the United States and Canada, as well as an online division. Campuses are located in Akron, Ohio; Toledo, Ohio; Birmingham, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; Kenosha, Wisconsin; Brookfield, Wisconsin; Madison, Wisconsin; Minneapolis, Minnesota; New Orleans, Louisiana; Omaha, Nebraska; Toledo, Ohio; Orlando, Florida; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Montreal, Quebec; Ottawa, Ontario; and Toronto, Ontario.
Herzing is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and is a member institution of the North Central Association. The university awards associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees. Programs at Herzing have a strong focus on preparing students for the workforce.
The school's areas of speciality include Business, Technology, Health Care, Design, and Public Safety. Many programs prepare students for industry certifications, including A+, Linux+, Network+, MCITP 2008, MCTS 2007 and Cisco CCNA. Herzing programs offer starts in the winter, spring, and fall semesters, allowing students to begin their education when it is convenient for them.
Online classes allow students to study at their own convenience. Textbooks and other learning materials in the curricula are mailed to students at their homes. While there is a great deal of flexibility in the online format, students must still complete assignments by their due dates, which are spread throughout the semester.
Online students are expected to log in four times a week on separate days. While online, students discuss class material with other students and their instructors and participate in group learning projects. Most online students take two classes at a time and spend 10-12 hours per class on preparation and discussion. Preparation includes completing reading assignments and writing essays and papers. Students should expect to spend 3-5 hours a week on the computer in discussion forums for each class. Instructors are available for one-on-one discussions on a regular basis. Tutoring is also available.
Students in the online programs have access to technical support and 24/7 library resources. The online library gives students convenient access to thousands of newspapers, magazines, books, videos, audio files, television and radio broadcast transcripts.
Team Connection This program fosters specialized professional development and support networks for students in each department. Support consists of a group of peers, industry professionals, and university staff. Together, this mentor forum creates a comprehensive network of support for online learners.
Social Responsibility Circle This program fosters student involvement within local communities. A valuable asset to online learners who might otherwise be isolated, social responsibility circle helps students connect with volunteer opportunities in their field of study and build their professional resumes at the same time.
Herzing places a strong emphasis on making successful connections between graduates of their programs and the best employment possible. Any employer who fills out a job request form will automatically receive resumes from qualified graduates. The university offers employers a quality guarantee—if they hire a Herzing graduate and find that the employee needs additional training, the university will provide that training at no additional cost to the student or the employer. Herzing also maintains an interactive resume map for potential employers to help them locate graduates who are available for work.
Students may apply for any Herzing program online or at the campus where they wish to study. All prospective students must undergo an interview with an admissions representative. The Registrar's Office completes a schedule for each student's entire course of study at the beginning of their time at the school. The registrar can help each individual with a custom schedule, including fast-track plans (for those who wish to graduate with a bachelor's degree in three years, for instance) or a lighter course load to accommodate a work schedule.
The university was founded by Henry Herzing, who was a Navy veteran. The Chief Academic Officer of the University, Dr. Bill Getter, is an Air Force veteran. In part, due to their background and experiences, Herzing actively recruits and welcomes military personnel into their educational programs. In addition, the school's programs have been approved by the Department of Veterans Affairs, allowing students to use their VA benefits to cover much of their tuition. Many veterans can earn transfer credit for military training.
Many students at apply for, and receive, federal financial aid. Use the FAFSA forms and contact a Herzing financial aid officer if you have any questions or concerns. Financial aid is available to those who qualify.
Ranks 3962nd for the average student loan amount.
Each student is assigned a Student Services Specialist, who acts as an advisor and helps to connect the student with potential careers. Career services provided by the university include instruction in resume writing, cover letter creation, dressing for success, and business ethics. Student Service Specialists assist in scheduling interviews and locating job placements. The specialist can direct each student to appropriate university services for their needs, assist in academic preparation, customize services to accommodate disabilities, arrange course test-out exams and exemption credits, and teach time management strategies.
Ranks 1946th for the average full-time faculty salary.
StateUniversity.com has no official or unofficial affiliation with Herzing University-Madison.


text:
You are here: Home / News / New session of Parliament begins
New session of Parliament begins
Politicians and members of the royal family assembled over the weekend for the formal opening of a new session of Parliament. King Harald read the traditional trontale (speech from the throne, on the state of the nation) with government ministers standing at attenditon.
The formal opening of the Parliament took place at midday on Saturday, and was broadcast live on national TV. PHOTO: Stortinget.no
The opening of Parliament (Stortinget) is a serious, ceremonial affair, and this year was no exception. King Harald, Queen Sonja and Crown Prince Haakon were there, in full regalia, while the often casually dressed members of Parliament were dressed up in dark suits, elegant dresses or national costumes.
Dag Terje Andersen, the former Labour Party minister who now serves as president of the parliament, made his own address in which he noted that Norway had come through the financial crisis relatively unscathed, but many young Norwegians still face difficulty finding work and the country's petroleum fortunes are worth less than the value created by the workforce.
The highlight of the ceremonies, however, is the speech prepared by the government but delivered by the monarch. In it, King Harald read of possible new compromises between conservationists and ranchers on the sensitive issue of predators in Norway and new measures to lower the numbers of persons granted asylum in Norway, promote equal pay and address climate issues. An update on proposed management of natural resources in the Barents Sea and around Lofoten is also due.
Opposition politicians, as usual, dismissed the speech from the throne as lacking substance or vision. "This year's speech was the shortest one I have heard," complained the head of the Progress Party, Siv Jensen. "The absence of reform and new ideas was clear."
One line in Andersen's speech, though, brought traditional agreement from most of the politicians assembled for the festive occasion:
"God save the King and the Fatherland!"
Views and News staff


text:
Regions & Towns >
Small Towns & Northern Countryside >
Ephrata, Lancaster County, PA
Home to rich religious history, the northeastern Lancaster County town of Ephrata represents cultural diversity, while still incorporating many Pennsylvania Dutch and Amish traditions.
Ephrata is a thriving small town that joins by a bike trail to Lititz. It has it's own unique character, and charming main street with restaurants & shops.
America's first communal religious society, the Ephrata Cloister.
Founded in 1732, Ephrata was historically known as a pleasure resort and agricultural community. Over a century later, Ephrata enjoyed a reputation as a popular pleasure resort due to its renowned "spring waters" where today stands the Mountain Springs Hampton Inn and Suites. The surrounding countryside blends with the ambiance of the historic downtown district to create a unique small-town destination.
Ephrata also became home to America's first communal religious society, the Ephrata Cloister, which is still a popular historical destination today. This national landmark attracts many visitors with its unique architecture, original music, remarkable art, and more. It also hosts many exciting annual events, such as its Apple Dumpling Days in early October, Christmas at the Cloister in mid December, and Lantern Tours at Ephrata Cloister in late December.
In addition, the town offers a nice mix of local shops and boutiques. Ephrata is also home to one of the largest farmers' markets in the country, Green Dragon Farmers Market & Auction. Open on Fridays, Green Dragon features tons of Amish-made items, baked goods, books, candy, collectibles, quilts, toys, jewelry, and so much more, and is a great way to support local businesses and experience that tight-knit community feel that Lancaster County boasts.
On top of all this, Ephrata also has plenty of live theatre, restaurants, craft breweries, wineries & distilleries, events, and homey lodging. Explore many of these destinations, plus beautiful countryside and covered bridges, by driving the Northern Amish Countryside Trail.
Other Popular Events in Ephrata, PA
Community Days at Ephrata Cloister, late April, May, and October
Fire Cracker Run, July 4
Annual Craft Show, 2nd Saturday in September
Ephrata Street Fair, last full week of September (Tues-Sat) & Parade (Wed)
Whistle Stop Night Market
Annual Veterans Day Luminary Trail
Christmas at the Cloister
Spectacular of Lights/Tree Lighting/Santa's arrival, Black Friday
Ephrata is not short on tasty places to eat! If you're looking for a good place to eat a hearty meal, try St. Boniface Craft Brewing Co, which features plenty of top-quality beers in addition to delicious pizzas, calzones, and sandwiches. If after dinner you're craving something sweet, the Fox Meadows Creamery is a great place to stop by with its welcoming atmosphere and handcrafted creamy assortment of ice cream flavors made on-site with milk from the owner family's dairy farm. De-lish!
Aromas Del Sur
Olde Lincoln House
Three Sisters Park
Fratelli's Pizza
Bright's Family Style Restaurant
Gus's Keystone Family Restaurant
Yogurtworks Café
Sabah's Mediterranean Cuisine @Weathered Vineyards Ephrata
Black Forest Brewery
The Hertzog Homestead Bed & Breakfast
1777 Americana Inn B&B
Twin Pine Manor Bed & Breakfast
Historic Smithton Inn
The Hurst House
Kimmell House Bed & Breakfast
Weathered Vineyards Wine Tasting Room
Old Stone Barn Antiques
Village Farm Market
Ephrata Performing Arts Center
Gameseum Mega Arcade & Museum
For even more information, visit the Northern Lancaster County Chamber of Commerce website.
Spotlight Attractions
Find special events and one-of-a-kind things to do in Lancaster County all-year long. Search for seasonal festivals, wine and food events, local music...


text:
Interstates by State
Signed Routes
Unsigned Routes
Business Routes
Future Routes
Former Routes
All About Interstates
Interstate 80Webmaster2020-10-28T17:39:12-04:00
Interstate 80 is a major transcontinental corridor connecting California and New York City. From the city of San Francisco to a few miles west of the Hudson River in northern New Jersey, I-80 traverses various terrain and 11 states. Its highest point is located at Sherman Hill Summit in Wyoming between Laramie and Cheyenne at an elevation of 8640 feet. The highest point of Interstate 80 east of the Mississippi is near Milepost 111 in Pennsylvania.
Although Interstate 80 begins at U.S. 101 in San Francisco, original plans called for the route to continue west through Golden Gate Park to the Pacific Ocean near the famous Ocean Beach area. This plan was halted due to community opposition.
In the east, I-80 ends at Interstate 95 along the Teaneck Township and Ridgefield Park line in New Jersey. There was some debate as to whether or not I-80 ends at the Hudson River or at Interstate 95. Coincidentally, the exit numbering for Interstate 95 in the Garden State approximates what the I-80 numbering would be if it continued east to the George Washington Bridge. However, that numbering is actually based upon the distance of I-95 had the Somerset Freeway between Trenton and New Brunswick been completed as planned.
High Priority Corridor
Interstate 80 in New Jersey is part of High Priority Corridor 63: Liberty Corridor.
Parallel U.S. Routes
Interstate 80 largely replaced its companion U.S. routes in the West and parallels them in the East. Between San Francisco and Park City, Interstate 80 replaced U.S. 40. Sections of original U.S. 40 are still in use as local county roads in California, while many segments of U.S. 40 in Nevada were directly replaced by I-80. Today, U.S. 40 begins eastward from an interchange with I-80 in Park City. Between Park City and Echo Junction, I-80 replaced U.S. 189 (and U.S. 530 before it). East from Echo Junction to Evanston and southwestern Wyoming, I-80 overlaid the historic route of U.S. 30S. U.S. 30 accompanies the cross country route east from Granger Wyoming to the Midwestern U.S.
U.S. 30 is the Lincoln Highway through Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. It closely parallels Interstate 80 in Wyoming and Nebraska, combining with the freeway in the least populated areas (such as the cosigned portion between Granger and Walcott in Wyoming, a distance of 170 miles). Once at Grand Island, Nebraska, U.S. 30 shifts away from the freeway to the north of Lincoln and Omaha; Interstate 80 instead follows U.S. 34 between Grand Island and Lincoln and U.S. 6 from Lincoln to the Quad Cities via Omaha and Des Moines. Additionally U.S. 6 merges with I-80 several times through Iowa, and it closely parallels the freeway through Illinois before joining it again in Lansing.
U.S. 30 and I-80 meet again at Joliet, Illinois. Having avoided Des Moines and the Quad Cities, U.S. 30 heads southeast to avoid Chicago. U.S. 30 continues on this trajectory en route to Fort Wayne, Indiana and Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it does not intersect I-80 again. Interstate 80 instead remains close to U.S. 6 and U.S. 20 as they skirt the southern edge of the Great Lakes. I-80 is tolled through Indiana and Ohio, so the parallel U.S. 6 and U.S. 20 provide free alternate routes.
Bypassing Cleveland to the south, Interstate 80 leaves both U.S. 6 and U.S. 20, as they follow I-90. Leaving the Ohio Turnpike at North Jackson, I-80 briefly parallels U.S. 62 through Sharon. Continuing east past Youngstown, I-80 follows a path that was not previously tread by a U.S. route. This solo route continues for the most part across Pennsylvania on what was designated the Keystone Shortway, with the exception of U.S. 322 from Clarion to State College and a brief merge with U.S. 220 near State College. Finally entering New Jersey, I-80 picks up U.S. 46, a route which is almost entirely located within New Jersey — it never went any farther west than PA 611 (former U.S. 611). U.S. 46 parallels the freeway east to I-95 at Ridgefield Park.
Interstate 80 Split Routes
No other Interstate highway had as many split routes as I-80. No fewer than five suffixed routes split from I-80 at varying intervals prior to 1980; none of these split routes remain today. These routes included:
I-80N from Portland, Oregon, to Echo Junction, Utah (now Western Interstate 84)
I-80S from Denver, Colorado, to Big Springs, Nebraska (now Western Interstate 76)
I-80N from Interstate 29 to I-80 north of Council Bluffs, Iowa (replaced by Interstate 680 and I-880)
I-80S from Norwalk, Ohio, to Camden, New Jersey (the portion between Norwalk and Westfield Center was not constructed; the rest is became Eastern Interstate 76)
I-80N from Norwalk, Ohio, to northwest of Youngstown, Ohio (parts of which are Interstate 480)
Long-range plans originally called for the expansion of Interstate 80 in Nebraska to three lanes from Lincoln west to near Kearney. The project schedule was divided into phases: Phase 1 – between Omaha and Lincoln originally slated for completion by 2012 (final work at Exit 395 wrapped up Spring 2016); Phase 2 – between Lincoln and York originally proposed for completion by 2022; Phase 3 – between York and Grand Island originally proposed for completion by 2028; and Phase 4 – between Grand Island and Minden interchange (Exit 279, N-10) near Kearney originally proposed for completion by 2037.13 Work west of NW 56th Street and Lincoln was not highlighted on the previous Nebraska Department of Roads – I-80 Six Lane Expansion web page as of 2016.
The Council Bluffs Interstate System Improvement Program reconfigures the concurrent section of I-29 and I-80 through Council Bluffs, Iowa and I-80 northeast to Exit 8 with U.S. 6 (Kanesville Boulevard). Work separates the two freeways onto a dual freeway. The West and East System Interchanges joining the two routes were redesigned to eliminate of all left side movements with new high speed flyovers. Four local interchanges along Interstate 80 were also redesigned. Prior work between 2008 and 2012 expanded the Missouri River Bridge to seven lanes with the option to restripe the bridge to accommodate ten overall lanes
Phase I of the East System Interchange was completed from July 2014 to March 2016. Phase II, including I-29 at the U.S. 275/Iowa 92 interchange and the West System Interchange, was finished between May 2017 and October 2018. Phase III, which completes work at the East System Interchange, runs through September 2021. Further east, construction for the Madison Avenue Interchange is scheduled between November 2021 and May 2024.
Within San Francisco, the western terminus of Interstate 80 was originally proposed to be at Interstate 280 (which was briefly considered as part of Interstate 480) in Golden Gate Park. The Western Freeway (I-80) would have originated at U.S. 101 / Central Freeway and traveled west toward the park, straddling Fell Street and Oak Street along the way. Once at the park, the freeway would have entered a major interchange with I-280, making an odd case where a parent route would have ended at one of its child routes. However, that situation never came to pass. The freeway was never built as a result of substantial protests, and the western terminus of Interstate 80 was retracted to U.S. 101 / Central Freeway.
The westernmost alignment proposed for Interstate 80 across San Francisco in 1960. I-480 was envisioned as an urban loop extending west from the Embarcadero double deck freeway to the Presidio and south to I-80.
Since the Central Freeway viaduct was mostly torn down, I-80 now ends at the series of U.S. 101 exits near Van Ness Avenue. This terminus is somewhat in dispute; some say that Interstate 80 actually ends at the Embarcadero exit. See the AARoads Guide for Interstate 80 in California for more history and information.
The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge was dedicated on January 14, 1939.9 The bridge initially carried U.S. 40-50 across the bay; it was later redesignated as part of Interstate 80.
The first iteration of the Yolo Causeway, which carries Interstate 80 over the Yolo Bypass west of Sacramento and east of Davis, was completed in 1916. This causeway was the first highway project in the state of California to be financed with the sale of highway bonds; it has been expanded since the original facility opened.
Development of large sections of the U.S. 40 freeway (now I-80) between San Francisco and Reno occurred by 1947, excepting certain sections (including much of the route in the mountains). The first Interstate in California to open using funds designated by the Federal Highway Act of 1956 was Interstate 80. In the Sierra Nevada northeast of Sacramento, U.S. 40 was converted into Interstate 80 between 1960 and 1964. The first 50 miles were built in 1960, and the ten-mile stretch over Donner Summit and through the Truckee River Canyon to the city of Truckee was constructed in 1964.8
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
The San Francisco-Oakland Bay bridge, opened to traffic on November 12, 1936 as the route for both U.S. 40 and 50, carries Interstate 80 across San Francisco Bay. The span consisted of three segments: the western suspension bridge with four towers, the Yerba Buena Tunnel on Yerba Buena Island, and the eastern cantilever through truss bridge. Earthquake retrofitting between 1994 and 2004 reinforced the suspension bridge west from Yerba Buena Island, bringing the span to current specifications. The eastern span was not reinforced and instead was replaced during an 11-year construction project commencing in 2002. The new Bay Bridge, a single-anchored suspension bridge with a lone tower, opened to traffic on September 2, 2013. This span accommodates side by side traffic rather than a double deck like its predecessor. It ties into a new causeway from the east and includes a bike/pedestrian path to Yerba Buena Island. The old bridge closed on August 28, 2012 and dismantling efforts continue into 2016.
The last section of transcontinental Interstate 80 to be completed in any state was the segment west of Salt Lake City, Utah, between Redwood Road and 5600 West. This section was dedicated and opened to traffic on August 22, 1986, and it was the first transcontinental Interstate highway to be completed from coast to coast.7
Interstate 80 traverses the wide open expanse of the Great Salt Lake Desert between Wendover and Knolls, Utah. A 36.6 mile exit less stretch ensues west from Old Highway 40 in this scene. 07/03/16
For a history of the completion of Interstate 80 in Wyoming, visit Interstate 80 – Wyoming.
A ribbon-cutting ceremony preceded a motorcade led by Governor Frank Morrison on August 12, 1961 to celebrate the completion of Interstate 80 between Omaha and Lincoln. The 52-mile stretch was dedicated at the Greenwood interchange.14 The final link of Interstate 80 in Nebraska to open was the section around Sidney, on October 19, 1974.7
Interstate 80 was widened from four to six lanes between Lincoln and Omaha. The 45-mile project extended from just west of Northwest 48th Street in West Lincoln (Exit 395) to the Nebraska 370 interchange in West Omaha (Exit 439). The project began in 2002 and was vastly completed on November 8, 201315, with the exception of eastbound lanes at Lincoln and the diverging diamond interchange (DDI) project at NW 48th Street (Exit 395). This work followed previous projects in the late 1990s and early 2000s that widened I-80 to six lanes between Nebraska 370 and Interstate 680, and to ten lanes between I-680 and Interstate 480.1
In early 2006, widening to six lanes was completed from Ruff Road (Milepost 429) to Nebraska 370 (Milepost 439). Expansion followed between the Nebraska 66/Mahoney State Park Interchange (Exit 326) and Ruff Road (Milepost 429). This included rebuilding/widening of the long twin I-80 bridges over the Platte River near milepost 427. As of December 2006, the new three-lane westbound bridge over the Platte River was under construction while traffic was maintained on the old twin two-lane bridges just to the south. The new eastbound span later opened on January 4, 2008, nine months ahead of schedule, as part of an overall eastbound lane opening between Mahoney State Park and Ruff Road. Removal of the old bridges and side work continued to fall 2008. The $45-million project to replace the Platte River bridges started in August 2002.16
Meanwhile, widening to six lanes through northwest of Lincoln between the U.S. 77 South / Beatrice Interchange (Exit 397) and the Interstate 180/U.S. 34 Interchange (Exit 401) was slated for completion in early 2007. Just east of here, widening/rebuilding of the mainline commenced in early 2007 for the section between Interstate 180 and the U.S. 77 North/56th Street Interchange (Exit 405). However, the actual interchange between Interstate 80 and Interstate 180 was not rebuilt until late in the overall project (2010-2012).12 Widening of I-80 between Exits 420 (Greenwood) and 426 was completed in July 2012.17
The DDI at NW 48th Street was built as part of I-80 expansion west from U.S. 77 (Exit 397) to NW 56th Street. The $30-million project runs from 2014 to 2016.18
Omaha-Council Bluffs
Interstate 80 across Omaha, from Harrison Street (near Exit 442) to the Iowa state line, was rebuilt over a ten year period starting in the spring of 1989. The $325-million overhaul included expanding I-80 from six to ten lanes between I-680 and I-480, correcting flaws with the original design of the interchange at Interstate 480 and the Kennedy Freeway (where the I-80 mainline narrowed to a single lane), rebuilding the I-80 and 680 interchange with c/d roadways to separate local traffic and other system wide improvements. Work was completed two months ahead of schedule in August 1999 with the final segment involving I-80 east and west of the 60th Street interchange (Exit 450).20,21,22
1956 plans for Interstate 80 provided for a route to traverse the Platte River across most of Nebraska, but did not specify whether the corridor would travel to the north or south of the waterway. The Iowa Highway Commission meanwhile opted for the I-80 mainline to run west from near Minden to the I-29 corridor at Loveland. Commissioners touted benefits to the Sioux City area while officials further south in Council Bluffs and Omaha were vehemently opposed, citing the need for improved connectivity to the growing Union Stock Yards in South Omaha. Adding to the debate was the north Omaha area and operators of the Mormon Bridge, which touted stimulating the Florence area and increasing revenue for the toll bridge.
Advocates pushing for the Council Bluffs and metropolitan Omaha corridor appealed to the federal government with the "Neola Diagonal," the angled alignment I-80 takes today southwest from Neola to I-29 at Council Bluffs. Federal officials initially regarded the Diagonal as a secondary route, while Iowa and Nebraska continued to argue over the path of the main route. The Iowa Highway Commission won out temporarily, as it opted to route I-80 to Loveland and construct it ahead of the secondary route. The Loveland section opened in December 1966 as Interstate 80N. The Neola Diagonal was completed three years later as the I-80 mainline.23
West End – San Francisco, CA
East End – Ridgefield Park, NJ
Branch Routes – 22
Total Mileage – 2,899.59
California – 199.24
Cities – San Francisco, Oakland, El Cerrito, Pinole, Vallejo, Fairfield, Vacaville, Davis, Sacramento, Auburn, Truckee
Junctions –
Nevada – 410.67
Cities – Verdi, Reno, Sparks, Fernley, Lovelock, Winnemucca, Battle Mountain, Carlin, Elko, Wendover
Utah – 196.34*
Cities – Salt Lake City, Park City, Echo
Wyoming – 402.76
Cities – Evanston, Lyman, Green River, Rock Springs, Rawlins, Laramie, Cheyenne, Pine Bluffs
Nebraska – 455.32
Cities – Kimball, Sidney, Ogallala, North Platte, Lexington, Kearney, Grand Island, Seward, York, Lincoln, Omaha
Iowa – 303.23#
Cities – Council Bluffs, Des Moines, Newton, Iowa City, Davenport
Illinois – 163.52
Cities – Moline, Genesco, Princeton, La Salle, Ottawa, Morris, Joliet, Chicago
Indiana – 151.56
Cities – Hammond, Gary, South Bend, Elkhart
Ohio – 237.48
Cities – Toledo, Elyria, Cleveland, Youngstown
Pennsylvania – 311.12
Cities – Sharon, Mercer, Clarion, Dubois, Milton, Bloomsburg, Stroudsburg
New Jersey – 68.35
Cities – Paterson, Hackensack, Tenneck
Source: December 31, 2018 Interstate Route Log and Finders List
* – 3.31 miles on I-15, # – 14.29 miles on I-35
I-80 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
Source: Caltrans, Traffic Operations Program – Traffic and Vehicle Data Systems [2002] The Annual Traffic Report [2001] (Nevada Department of Transportation)
Utah Department of Transportation – Traffic on Utah's Highways 2001
2002 Wyoming Vehicle Mile Book (WYDOT)
2002 Traffic Flow Map of the State Highways (State of Nebraska)
INDOT Traffic Count Database System (TCDS) 2018 AADT
ODOT Traffic Data Management System 2018 AADT
Pennsylvania Traffic Volume Map 2017 (PennDOT)
Interstate 80 extending west along the Central Freeway in San Francisco – 1965
I-80 was dropped from the Central Freeway at the same time Interstate 480 along the Embarcadero Freeway was decommissioned in 1965.
Northwest Nevada – 1962
Short stretches of Interstate 80 in northwestern Nevada were complete in 1962: Between Mustang (Exit 23) and Exit 43 west of Fernley and northeast through the Fortymile Desert to Humboldt Sink.
Northeast Nevada – 1962
U.S. 40 was upgraded to a freeway by 1962 for Interstate 80 between Golconda and Pumpernickel Valley, including the stretch through Golconda Summit (elevation 5,159 feet).
Interstate 80 progresses east from the Great Salt Lake Desert and Knolls, Utah toward Ripple Valley and the distant Cedar Mountains. 07/03/16
Western Nebraska – 1972
Interstate 80 ended at Kimball, Nebraska from the west and Chappell, Nebraska from the east until 1974, when the stretch by Sidney opened to traffic.
Interstate 80N in southwest Iowa – 1972
Interstate 80N traveled 17 miles east from I-29 at Loveland to I-80 near Minden, Iowa. The route was incorporated into an extended I-680 from Omaha as approved by AASHTO on November 10, 1973.
Eastern Iowa – 1964 Iowa Official Highway Map
The 57.8-mile stretch of I-80 between Iowa 146 and Coral Ridge Avenue (former U.S. 218) in Iowa City completed the high speed route between Des Moines and the Quad Cities when it opened in October 1964.
Northeastern Ohio – excerpt from the 1962 Rand McNally North American Road Atlas
The original alignment proposed for Interstate 80 took the route south from the Ohio Turnpike near Norwalk along a parallel alignment to SR 18 to Medina, Akron and the Youngstown vicinity. I-80 later shifted northward to the turnpike, but with a loop using what later became I-480. I-80 between Akron and Youngstown was later incorporated into I-80S and then I-76, while the route west from I-77 was never built.
Interstate 80 was constructed in stages across the Hawkeye State. From west to east, the segments opened as follows:2
Nebraska State Line east to Interstate 29 North: December 15, 1972
Interstate 29 North to Iowa 192: November 1, 1970
Iowa 192 to U.S. 6: January 1, 1969
U.S. 6 to Interstate 680: December 22, 1969
Interstate 680 to U.S. 59: December 13, 1966
U.S. 59 to U.S. 71: December 16, 1965
U.S. 71 to Exit 75, Adair: September 5, 1960
Exit 75 to Iowa 25: November 28, 1959
Iowa 25 to U.S. 6 (Adel): September 5, 1960
U.S. 6 (Adel) to Interstate 235 East: December 13, 1966
Interstate 235 East to Douglas Avenue: September 21, 1958
Douglas Avenue to Iowa 28: November 8, 1958
Iowa 28 to Interstate 235 South: November 28, 1959
Interstate 235 South to Exit 159: October 8, 1962
Exit 159 to Iowa 146: November 16, 1962
Iowa 146 to Old U.S. 218: October 23, 1964
Old U.S. 218 to Iowa 1: November 15, 1963
Iowa 1 to Iowa 38 North: August 24, 1962
Iowa 38 North to U.S. 61: December 1, 1960
U.S. 61 to U.S. 67: November 25, 1964
U.S. 67 to Illinois State Line, including the Mississippi River Bridge: October 27, 1966
A proposal arose by 1991 to reroute Interstate 80 over I-280 from northwest Davenport to Colona, Illinois, with Interstate 74 trading places with the existing I-80 around the north and east sides of the Quad Cities. The renumbering was sought to improve safety by eliminating the TOTSO (turn off to stay on) movements at the cloverleaf interchange where Interstate 74, I-80 and I-280 meet in Illinois. It never came to pass because Iowa officials did not support the efforts from those in Illinois. See the Interstate 280 Iowa / Illinois guide for more details.
Much of Interstate 80 across northern Illinois was constructed in the early 1960s, with the route through south suburban Chicagoland opened to traffic by 1964. The section that Interstate 80 shares with Interstate 294 / Tri-State Tollway was constructed between 1956-1958, with the tollway opening in 1958. The original construction of the 83-mile section of the Tri-State Tollway (and the other original tollways) was funded by a bond issuance in the amount of $415 million by the state tollway commission (which was created in 1953).11 The Kingery Expressway section of Interstates 80 & 94 and U.S. 6 is the oldest section of I-80, having opened in 1950.10
The Tri-State Tollway was reconstructed between January 2005 and Fall 2006 from the Illinois 394 and Interstate 94 interchange in South Holland northwest to the U.S. 12-20/95th Street interchange in Oak Lawn.3 The project included the installation of an additional through lane on I- 80 and I-294. The Cal-Sag Channel Bridge near Alsip was planned for reconstruction, as were the Lincoln Oasis and the Markham Yard Bridge.
A companion project undertaken between January 2005 and July 2007 was the reconstruction of the Kingery Expressway in Illinois and the Borman Expressway in Indiana. Average daily traffic flow on Interstates 80 & 94 was approximately 160,000 vehicles daily, with a quarter being large trucks.4 For the Kingery Expressway (Interstate 80-94 and U.S. 6), improvements included:
Revision and reconstruction of the Interstate 80, 94, 294, and Illinois 394 interchange
Expansion to eight through lanes for through traffic on Interstate 80
Reduction of weaving through reconfigured interchanges
Installation of sound walls, replacement lighting, and landscaping
Within Indiana, the Borman Expressway carries I-80/ 94 and U.S. 6 through Hammond and Gary. Most of the same improvements considered for the Kingery Expressway were likewise included in the Borman Expressway upgrade. Construction began in 2003. Work ran through summer 2011 and included an $189-million upgrade to the Interstate 65 interchange.5 Another proposal is to construct a south Chicago bypass, the Illiana Expressway, that could divert traffic from I-80/94 around the Chicago/Northeast Indiana metro area.
Most of Interstate 80 across the Buckeye State was constructed as part of the Ohio Turnpike, the origins of which predate the establishment of the Interstate Highway System in 1956. The Ohio state legislature created the Ohio Turnpike Commission in 1949, which was the first step in designing and constructing the east-west freeway. Construction began on October 27, 1952, and the toll road was completed on October 1, 1955 (a total of 38 months).6
159 miles of the Ohio Turnpike were expanded to six overall lanes in a nearly two-decade long project. First announced by the Ohio Turnpike Commission in April 1995, widening of the toll road was ultimately paid for by a toll increase of more than 80%. The added lanes run from U.S. 20 in Toledo east to the I-80 junction with I-76 outside Youngstown.
Work was slow with three sections entailing 59.3 miles completed by 1997. The initial 2000 completion date announced by the Turnpike Commission was moved back to 2004, then 2008. By 2004, expansion was completed except for three segments: I-280 to I-75, I-75 to U.S. 20 (Reynolds Road) and a four-mile stretch east of the Cuyahoga River. The I-280 to I-75 stretch in Toledo was finished in 2007, however the economic turn down of the late 2000s led the Turnpike Commission to defer funding from the remaining two sections to instead replace its toll collection system. E-ZPass was implemented along the turnpike in 2009 upon completion of the $50-million upgrade.
A $33.5-million contract added a third lane in each direction of I-80/90 between I-75 and U.S. 20 started in early 2013. This added to the nearly $750-million total expenditure for the overall expansion project. The final 4.6 miles of the project were finished by November 2014.19
Just prior to Exit 111 with PA 153 south of Penfield, westbound Interstate 80 crests at the highest point east of the Mississippi River. Located within Moshannon State Forest along Pennsylvania's section of the Appalachian Mountains, this location reaches 2,250 feet above sea level. Advancing west, I-80 leaves the Chesapeake Bay watershed and enters the Allegheny River watershed.
The Keystone Shortway, which carries Interstate 80 across Pennsylvania, was completed and fully opened to traffic on September 17, 1963. The last segment to be opened to traffic was the section from Stroudsburg to Scotrun.7
All segments of Interstate 80 were opened to traffic within the Garden State by November 1973.24
Highway Guides
East End – Ridgefield Park, New Jersey
East at
Several miles ahead of the Interstate 80 terminus, the eastbound freeway splits into Express and Local lanes. The I-80 Express lanes have no exits from the partition to I-95 while the Local lanes provide access to Hackensack and other nearby communities. The dual freeway configuration extends east along Interstate 95 to the George Washington Bridge Upper and Lower Level separation at Fort Lee. 12/19/16
Interstate 80 travels below grade across the Bogota borough and Ridgefield Park village line. The route ends one half mile ahead at an unnumbered directional T interchange. 12/19/16
End signs for Interstate 80 appear above both the Local and Express Lanes as the freeway passes below Park Avenue along the Teaneck township and Ridgefield Park line. NJDOT typically posts end / begin signage at transitions of one freeway to another. Other examples are posted for I-676 south, Route 3 east and I-195 west. 12/19/16
Ramps depart from both the Local and Express lanes of I-80 at the Teaneck Road overpass for I-95 and the New Jersey Turnpike south to U.S. 46 at Ridgefield Park, Newark and Trenton. A final off-ramp (Exit 73 to Route 67) departs from the I-80 Express lanes before the roadway defaults onto the George Washington Bridge Upper Level. 12/19/16
Interstate 80 concludes a 2,900 mile plus journey across 11 states. The Local Lanes advance east to Fort Lee and the George Washington Bridge. NY 9A (Henry Hudson Parkway) lies five miles ahead at the first exit in Manhattan. 12/19/16
East Spur – North at
Beyond the Lincoln Tunnel interchange and near Bellmans Creek, the NJ Turnpike East Spur advances to the merge with the West Spur, where a dual freeway configuration commences north. The forthcoming inside lanes lead directly to I-80 while the outside lanes continue to Englewood and the George Washington Bridge approach. 08/29/05
The East and West Spurs of the NJ Turnpike combine just north of the Vince Lombardi Service Area. A wye interchange provides two lanes from the East Spur for I-80 west to Hackensack and Patterson. The I-95 mainline follows the outer roadway to a cloverleaf interchange with U.S. 46 at Ridgefield Park. 08/29/05
West Spur – North at
The New Jersey Turnpike splits into East and West Spurs around Secaucus. The separation disperses traffic to I-280 west through Newark, Route 495 east to the Lincoln Tunnel and Route 3 to the Meadowlands. The spurs recombine at Overpeck Creek, 1.5 miles ahead of the Interstate 80 east end. 12/19/16
The West Spur (unsigned I-95W) ends with a slip ramp taking motorists onto the inner roadway bound for Interstate 80 west and two lanes merging with the outer roadway ahead of U.S. 46, Challenger Road, and the eastern turn of I-95 to the George Washington Bridge. 12/19/16
North at
The inner roadway of I-95 leading north from the NJ Turnpike defaults travelers onto Interstate 80 west. I-80 separates into a Local / Express configuration to Paterson. 12/19/16
The Local / Express configuration of I-80 extends east onto I-95 toward the Upper and Lower Level split of the George Washington Bridge. The Local lanes of I-80 west provide access to all off-ramps while the Express lanes advance uninterrupted to Route 17 (Exit 63) at Lodi. 12/19/16
A three lane flyover branches west to slip ramps with I-80 Local to Hackensack and I-80 Express to Paterson and Netcong. 12/19/16
West from the directional-T interchange with I-95, Interstate 80 passes through Bogota and Ridgefield Park to Hackensack. 08/29/05
South at
Passing below the Route 67 (Lemoine Avenue) overpass, the Upper Level of the George Washington Bridge transitions into the Express Lanes of I-95 south / I-80 west. 12/17/17
Succeeding ramps depart for U.S. 1-9 south / U.S. 46 (Bergen Boulevard) west (Exit 72B) and the I-95 south / I-80 west Local lanes at Route 4 (Exit 72). 12/17/17
U.S. 1/9/46 separate from I-95 to Palisades Park. U.S. 46 parallels Interstate 80 west to Ridgefield Park and Teterboro. 12/17/17
The Lower Level of the George Washington Bridge forms the Local Lanes for Interstate 95 leading west from Fort Lee to Leonia. Both the Express and Local Lanes eventually connect with I-80 west toward Paterson. 12/17/17
The c/d roadway for Route 4 (Exit 72) links the I-95 Express Lanes with the Local Lanes two miles ahead of Interstate 80 (Exit 69). 12/17/17
Interstate 95 arcs 1.25 miles west as a dual freeway to the westbound beginning of Interstate 80 in Teaneck township. The Local Lanes meet Degraw Avenue prior to I-80. 12/17/17
Nearing the crossing of Overpeck Creek along the Local Lanes of Interstate 95 south. The Local / Express Lanes extend west along I-80 through Hackensack. The continuation of both roadways are signed as Exit 69, which coincidentally is one mile higher than the I-80 mileage to the Pennsylvania state line. 12/17/17
Advancing west from the cloverleaf interchange with Degraw Avenue, simultaneous exit ramps depart from both roadways to I-95 and the New Jersey Turnpike south to Newark. Tolling commences along I-95 beyond the adjacent interchange with U.S. 46 (Winant Avenue) at Ridgefield Park. 12/17/17
Two lanes proceed west from southbound I-95 onto Interstate 80. I-80 winds through urban areas of Hackensack and Paterson to suburban areas of Parsippany-Troy Hills, Dover and Netcong. 12/17/17
The first confirming marker for Interstate 80 west appears after the wye interchange (Exit 66) to Kennedy and Hudson Streets in Hackensack. 12/19/16
East End Throwback
Traffic emerges from the George Washington Bridge Lower Level to circumvent the eastbound toll plaza ahead of the Route 67 (Lemione Avenue) overpass. A button copy overhead directed motorists to remain along the I-95 mainline as it progressed west to I-80. This sign was replaced by late 2000 with a diagrammatic sign. Photo taken by Jim K. Georges (07/99).
As the Upper Level roadway transitioned into the Express Lanes, a set of button copy signs directed motorists onto the Local Lanes as Route 4. These trapezoidal type signs used to be found along I-95 between Fort Lee and the Cross-Bronx Expressway in New York. Photo taken by Jim K. Georges (07/99).
Button copy sign formerly posted at the Fletcher Avenue overpass for the impending ramp to both Route 4 north and the I-95 Local Lanes. Photo taken by Jim K. Georges (07/99).
The Local and Express Lanes of I-95 progressed south to Teaneck and the split with Interstate 80 west at Exit 69. Photo taken by Jim K. Georges (07/98).
Another set of button copy signs preceded the directional T interchange (Exit 69) with I-80 on I-95 Express south. I-80 connects with the Garden State Parkway at Exit 62. Photo taken by Jim K. Georges (07/99).
All guide signs along Interstate 95 leading west to the New Jersey Turnpike and I-80 were replaced in 2017 to be MUTCD complaint. 12/19/16
West End San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge / Embarcadero – San Francisco, California
Interstate 80 passes through the Yerba Buena Island tunnel and emerges on the suspension bridge portion of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Bridge construction began on July 9, 1933, and it opened to traffic on November 12, 1936, as part of U.S. 40-50. I-80 replaced U.S. 40-50 legislatively in 1964, and signs were removed in the ensuing decade. Photo taken 03/09/15.
The San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge reaches back to back ramps for Fremont Street (Exit 2C) and Harrison Street (Exit 2B) to Chinatown, the Embarcadero and Fisherman's Wharf. The Fremont Street exit also connects to Interstate 280 via surface streets. 07/11/18
Exits 2C/2B lower from Interstate 80 as the freeway transitions onto a viaduct ahead of the directional T interchange with U.S. 101. The Folsom-Fremont exit is the site of the former Embarcadero Freeway (SR 480) interchange. The SR 480 freeway spur was dismantled after sustaining major damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. 07/11/18
Left Exit 2A follows from Interstate 80 west to Fifth Street. The Fifth Street exit is the original end of the western approach to the Bay Bridge; it was also the route U.S. 40-50 historically took off the bridge to their joint termini at U.S. 101. 03/09/15
Remaining elevated along James Lick Skyway, a viaduct with some sections that predate the Interstate Highway System, I-80 west approaches Exit 1C to Eighth and Harrison Streets. Adjacent Ninth Street leads north to the Civic Center. 03/09/15
Exit 1C parts ways with I-80 (James Lick Skyway) as the freeway turns south to end at U.S. 101. U.S. 101 follows city streets between the Central Freeway spur and the Golden Gate Bridge approach. The route is not advised for truck traffic due to limited sight distance and turning radius. Historically, U.S. 101 was planned for a freeway north to the Golden Gate Bridge. 03/09/15
Interstate 80 ends as traffic partitions at Exits 1B/A. U.S. 101 north takes the Central Freeway west to Mission Street north to join Van Ness Avenue. The route formerly extended west to Market Street.
U.S. 101 south overtakes the freeway leading south to South San Francisco, San Mateo and San Jose. 03/09/15
U.S. 101 winds northward between the Bernal Heights and Bayview neighborhoods beyond the exchange with I-280 to meet transcontinental Interstate 80 in 2.25 miles. 03/27/16
A second interchange sequence sign with I-80 appears after the Cesar Chavez Street interchange, one mile south of the split from U.S. 101. U.S. 101 runs between the Inner Mission and Potrero Hill communities to the ensuing Vermont Street off-ramp (Exit 433A). 03/27/16
Passing under 23rd Street along U.S. 101 north. U.S. 101 branches westward at forthcoming I-80 for the Central Freeway spur west to Van Ness Avenue. Seventh Street (Exit 1) is the first off-ramp from Interstate 80 east. 03/27/16
A junction I-80 shield assembly, normally reserved for a side street, appears on the U.S. 101 freeway mainline. U.S. 101 turns onto the Central Freeway west to Van Ness Avenue for the continuation to the Golden Gate Bridge. The number two lane also comprises a left exit for Ninth Street and the Civic Center. 03/27/16
Beyond Interstate 80 and the Central Freeway, U.S. 101 follows Van Ness Avenue, a major route through the city, to Lombard Street and the Golden Gate Bridge. Van Ness Avenue is six lanes wide, but nearly every major intersection is controlled by traffic signals. Trucks are not advised on the route. 03/27/16
The skyline of the City by the Bay spreads across the horizon as Interstate 80 east begins via Exit 433B. The Central Freeway takes U.S. 101 west toward the Octavia Boulevard exit. This section of U.S. 101 was formerly planned as part of I-80 from a proposed to extend the freeway west along the Fell Street/Oak Street corridor to Golden Gate Park and SR 1. 03/27/16
A loop ramp brings U.S. 101 south onto the Central Freeway from Van Ness Avenue. The elevated roadway proceeds east from there directly to Interstate 80. Overtaking the James Lick Freeway south, U.S. 101 forms an important corridor for the West Bay communities of San Bruno, San Mateo, Menlo Park and Palo Alto. 07/06/07
A left side ramp takes motorists from U.S. 101 (Central Freeway) south onto Interstate 80 (James Lick Freeway) east. I-80 travels through South of Market and Yerba Buena to the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge into Alameda County. The city of Oakland is an eight mile drive to the east across the Bay Bridge. 07/06/07
Exit 1 quickly departs I-80 east for Seventh Street after the split with U.S. 101 (Central Freeway) north. The final exit on the San Francisco Peninsula follows for Fourth Street and the Embarcadero. This was the former end of SR 480, which in the mid-1960s was designated I-480. SR 480 (Embarcadero Freeway) partially collapsed in the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. It was demolished by 1993. The unconstructed connection with I-280, which currently ends near AT&T Park, would have met I-80 near that same point. Photo taken 03/27/16
The first shield for Interstate 80 east stands between the travel lanes ahead of Exit 1. 03/27/16
West End Throwback
West at
Upon leaving the suspension portion of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, this set of button copy signs directed motorists to Fremont Street and Folsom Street to the Embarcadero. This sign bridge was replaced in 2006-2007. 10/15/00
Prior to the demolition of the original western approach to the Bay Bridge, a left exit lowered from the Skyway to the Embarcadero and Harrison Street. Exit 2B (Harrison Street) was located just a few hundred feet west of Exit 2C to Fremont Street. 10/15/00
The 5th Street exit from I-80 (James Lick Skyway) west was previously signed as a connection to U.S. 101 north. Back when U.S. 40 and U.S. 50 entered the city via the Bay Bridge, the pair took this ramp to meet U.S. 101 along a surface route. The former main line is now a left exit that connects to U.S. 101 and Van Ness Avenue. 08/23/03
The addition of exit numbers between 2004 and 2007 resulted in sign changes for U.S. 101 south (Exit 1A), U.S. 101 north to the Golden Gate Bridge in place of Mission Street (Exit 1B) and Ninth Street (Exit 1C). 11/29/04
These reflectorized signs at Ninth Street were also replaced between 2004 and 2007. I-80 is one of a handful of Interstates that end at a U.S. Route. Others include I-55 at U.S. 41 in Chicago, I-72 at U.S. 61 in Hannibal, and I-96 at U.S. 31 in Muskegon. 11/29/04
Porcelain enamel signs directed motorists onto U.S. 101 (Central Freeway) north toward the Golden Gate Bridge and U.S. 101 south toward San Jose. Photos taken by Kelly Kawamoto (11/07/93).
Sign replacements made at the I-80 west end replaced Golden Gate Bridge with Mission Street for the Central Freeway spur. A portion of the Central Freeway was demolished by the late 1990s. It was replaced by Octavia Boulevard, an at-grade parkway, by 2005. 11/29/04
U.S. 101 was temporarily omitted on signs for the Central Freeway, with U.S. 101 through traffic directed instead onto the Seventh Street exit from I-80 east. This was done to reduce traffic flowing onto the Central Freeway stub. 11/29/04
During the early and mid 2000s, U.S. 101 north was temporarily detoured onto Seventh Street from I-80 due to the Octavia Boulevard construction project. Upon completion of the work, U.S. 101 was restored on the Central Freeway alignment. 11/29/04
Signs at the I-80 east and U.S. 101 northbound partition were also altered due to the Octavia Boulevard construction project. 11/29/04
Ryan Wanek, personal email, "Update to I-80 page on interstate-guide.com," 12/09/04 and the official Nebraska Department of Roads webpage. http://doroads.nol.org/projects/6-lanes-i-80/index.htm"
"Iowa Completion Status of Interstate System as of January 1, 1982." Iowa Department of Transportation.
Tri-State Tollway: Interstate 294 South Reconstruction – official site
Kingery Expressway Reconstruction – official site http://www.kingeryexpressway.com/
"After seven years Borman Expressway backups in rear view mirror." Indiana Economic Digest, August 19, 2011.
Ohio Turnpike History – official site http://www.ohioturnpike.org/history.html
Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Eisenhower Interstate Highway System: Previous Interstate Facts of the Day by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
California Celebrates 50 Years of the Interstate Highway System by Caltrans (California Department of Transportation).
Images of America: The Bay Bridge by Paul C. Trimble and John C. Alioto, Jr., Arcadia Publishing, 2004.
Encyclopedia of Chicago: Expressways by Dennis McClendon of the Chicago Historical Society
Encyclopedia of Chicago: Tollways by David M. Young of the Chicago Historical Society
Ryan Wanek, personal email, "Re: More Updates from Nebraska," 12/19/06
"Completion of I-80's western leg is pushed to 2037." Omaha World-Herald, December 18, 2006
"Photofiles: Interstate 80 dedication in 1961." Journal Star (Lincoln, NE), November 7, 2013.
"I-80 Construction Project Almost Done." WOWT (Omaha, NE), November 5, 2013.
"New, wider stretch of I-80 opens." Journal Star (Lincoln, NE), January 4, 2008.
"East and west closer to meeting on widened I-80" Journal Star (Lincoln, NE), October 18, 2012.
"State, city ready to begin work on diverging diamond at Northwest 48th Street" Journal Star (Lincoln, NE), January 27, 2014.
"2 decades later, widening of turnpike finally finished – New lane open between Maumee, Perrysburg exits" The Blade (Toledo, OH) November 13, 2014.
"Rebuilding of Interstate Is Set to Begin in 1987." Omaha World-Herald (NE), September 8, 1985.
"Decade of Work Money and Traffic Limit Speed of I-80 Rebuilding." Omaha World-Herald (NE), April 5, 1989.
"I-80 Upgrade Is Complete Billions of Pounds of Concrete, Decade of Work Improve Road The Rebuilding of Interstate 80 in Omaha." Omaha World-Herald (NE), August 24, 1999.
"Eisenhower Envisioned Highway Plan in 1919." Omaha World-Herald (NE), June 29, 1986.
Interstate 80 (New Jersey). NYCRoads.com.
Page updated January 15, 2020.
© interstate-guide.com. All rights reserved. | Privacy Policy