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Psychiatric Disorders During PregnancyMGH Center for Women's Mental Health2018-05-29T17:53:21-04:00
Weighing the risks & benefits of pharmacologic treatment during pregnancy Psychiatric Disorders During Pregnancy
Although pregnancy has typically been considered a time of emotional well-being, recent studies suggest that up to 20% of women suffer from mood or anxiety disorders during pregnancy. Particularly vulnerable are those women with histories of psychiatric illness who discontinue psychotropic medications during pregnancy. In a recent study which prospectively followed a group of women with histories of major depression across pregnancy, of the 82 women who maintained antidepressant treatment throughout pregnancy, 21 (26%) relapsed compared with 44 (68%) of the 65 women who discontinued medication. This study estimated that women who discontinued medication were 5 times as likely to relapse as compared to women who maintained treatment.
High rates of relapse have also been observed in women with bipolar disorder. One study indicated that during the course of pregnancy, 70.8% of the women experienced at least one mood episode. The risk of recurrence was significantly higher in women who discontinued treatment with mood stabilizers (85.5%) than those who maintained treatment (37.0%).
Although data accumulated over the last 30 years suggest that some medications may be used safely during pregnancy, knowledge regarding the risks of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications is incomplete. Thus, it is relatively common for patients to discontinue or to avoid pharmacologic treatment during pregnancy.
The New U.S. FDA Pregnancy Labeling and Lactation Rule
In 1975, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided guidelines to drug companies for labeling medications with regard to their safety during pregnancy. This system of classification used five risk categories (A, B, C, D and X) based on data derived from human and animal studies. While widely used to make decisions regarding the use of medications during pregnancy, many criticized this system of classification, indicating that this type of drug labeling was often not helpful and, even worse, may be misleading.
In an effort to improve the accuracy and usefulness of information regarding the safety of medications used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, the FDA proposed a newly designed system on June 30th 2015. The Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule or PLLR will abolish the letter categories and instead will include more comprehensive information discussing the potential risks and benefits to the mother and the fetus, and how these risks may change during the course of pregnancy.
Companies will be required to remove the pregnancy letter categories from the labeling for all prescription drugs and will have to revise the labeling with updated information. Medications approved before June 30, 2001 are not covered by the PLLR.
Weighing the Risks
Women with histories of psychiatric illness frequently come in for consultations regarding the use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy. Not infrequently, women present with the first onset of psychiatric illness while pregnant. Many pregnancies are unplanned and may occur unexpectedly while women are receiving treatment with medications for psychiatric disorders. Many women may consider stopping medication abruptly after learning they are pregnant, but for many women this may carry substantial risks.
Decisions regarding the initiation or maintenance of treatment during pregnancy must reflect an understanding of the risks associated with fetal exposure to a particular medication but must also take into consideration the risks associated with untreated psychiatric illness in the mother. Psychiatric illness in the mother is not a benign event and may cause significant morbidity for both the mother and her child; thus, discontinuing or withholding medication during pregnancy is not always the safest option.
Depression and anxiety during pregnancy have been associated with a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women who suffer from psychiatric illness during pregnancy are less likely to receive adequate prenatal care and are more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and other substances known to adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. Several studies have described low birth weight and fetal growth retardation in children born to depressed mothers. Preterm delivery is another potential pregnancy complication among women experiencing distress during pregnancy. Pregnancy complications related to maternal depression and anxiety in late pregnancy have also been described, including an increased risk for having pre-eclapsia, operative delivery, and infant admission to a special care nursery for a variety of conditions including respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and prematurity. These data underscore the need to perform a thorough risk/benefit analysis of pregnant women with psychiatric illness, including evaluating the impact of untreated illness on the baby and the mother, as well as the risks of using medication during pregnancy.
What are the Risks of Medication Exposure?
All medications diffuse readily across the placenta, and no psychotropic drug has yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use during pregnancy. When prescribing medications during pregnancy, one must consider the following risks associated with prenatal exposure: risk of teratogenesis, risk of neonatal toxicity, and risk of long-term neurobehavioral sequelae.
Risk of Teratogenesis
The baseline incidence of major congenital malformations in newborns born in the United States is estimated to be between 2 and 4%. During the earliest stages of pregnancy, formation of major organ systems takes place and is complete within the first 12 weeks after conception. Therefore, discussion around risks of exposures during pregnancy may be broken down by the timing of exposure or trimester, with particular vigilance around first trimester exposures.
A teratogen is defined as an agent that interferes the in utero development process and produces some type of organ malformation or dysfunction. For each organ or organ system, there exists a critical period during which development takes place and is susceptible to the effects of a teratogen. For example, neural tube folding and closure, forming the brain and spinal cord, occur within the first four weeks of gestation. Most of the formation of the heart and great vessels takes place from four to nine weeks after conception, although the entire first trimester is often considered pertinent.
Risk of Neonatal Symptoms
Neonatal toxicity or perinatal syndromes (sometimes referred to as neonatal "withdrawal") refer to a spectrum of physical and behavioral symptoms observed in the acute neonatal period that can be attributed to drug exposure at or near the time of delivery. Anecdotal reports that attribute these syndromes to drug exposure must be cautiously interpreted, and larger samples must be studied in order to establish a causal link between exposure to a particular medication and a perinatal syndrome.
Risk of Long-Term Effects
Although the data suggest that some medications may be used safely during pregnancy if clinically warranted, our knowledge regarding the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications is incomplete. Because neuronal migration and differentiation occur throughout pregnancy and into the early years of life, the central nervous system (CNS) remains particularly vulnerable to toxic agents throughout pregnancy. While exposures to teratogens early in pregnancy may result in clear abnormalities, exposures that occur after neural tube closure (at 32 days of gestation) may produce more subtle changes in behavior and functioning.
Behavioral teratogenesis refers to the potential of a psychotropic drug administered during pregnancy to have long-term neurobehavioral effects. For example, are children who have been exposed to an antidepressant in utero at risk for cognitive or behavioral problems at a later point during their development? To date, few studies have systematically investigated the impact of exposure to psychotropic medications in utero on development and behavior in humans.
Antidepressants and Pregnancy
Of all the antidepressants, fluoxetine (Prozac) is the best characterized antidepressant. Data collected from over 2500 cases indicate no increase in risk of major congenital malformation in fluoxetine-exposed infants. One prospective study of 531 infants with first trimester exposure to SSRIs (mostly citalopram, n=375) did not demonstrate an increased risk of organ malformation.
Several meta-analyses combining studies with exposures to SSRIs do not demonstrate an increase in risk of congenital malformation in children exposed to these antidepressants, with the exception of paroxetine (Paxil). There has been particular controversy around paroxetine use in pregnancy, as past reports have suggested that first trimester exposure to paroxetine was associated with an increased risk of cardiac defects including atrial and ventricular septal defects. Other published studies have not demonstrated increased teratogenicity of paroxetine. Importantly, independently conducted meta-analyses of available data sets have consistently found a lack of association between paroxetine exposure and cardiovascular malformations. Even so, these findings prompted the FDA to change the category label of paroxetine from C to D.
Three prospective and more than ten retrospective studies have examined the risk of organ malformation in over 400 cases of first trimester exposure to tricyclic antidepressants of TCAs. When evaluated on an individual basis and when pooled, these studies do not indicate a significant association between fetal exposure to TCAs and risk for any major congenital anomaly. Among the TCAs, desipramine and nortriptyline are often preferred since they are less anti-cholinergic and the least likely to exacerbate orthostatic hypotension that occurs during pregnancy.
Bupropion may be an option for women who have not responded to fluoxetine or a tricyclic antidepressant, as data thus far have not indicated an increased risk of malformations associated with bupropion use during pregnancy. The most recent information from the Bupropion Pregnancy Registry maintained by the manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline includes data from 517 pregnancies involving first trimester exposure to bupropion. In this sample, there were 20 infants with major malformations. This represents a 3.9% risk of congenital malformation that is consistent with what is observed in women with no known teratogen exposure. While this information regarding the overall risk of malformation is reassuring, earlier reports had revealed an unexpectedly high number of malformations of the heart and great vessels in bupropion-exposed infants. A retrospective cohort study including over 1200 infants exposed to bupropion during the first trimester did not reveal an increased risk of malformations in the bupropion-exposed group of infants nor did it demonstrate an increased risk for cardiovascular malformations.
Scant information is available regarding the reproductive safety of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and these agents are generally not used in pregnancy as they may produce a hypertensive crisis when combined with tocolytic medications, such as terbutaline.
With regard to the newer antidepressants, prospective data on 150 women exposed to venlafaxine (Effexor) during the first trimester of pregnancy suggest no increase in risk of major malformation as compared to non-exposed controls. To date, the literature does not include prospective data on the use of duloxetine (Cymbalta).
Another prospective study assessed outcomes in 147 women taking either nefazodone (n=89) or trazodone (n=58) during their first trimester of pregnancy and compared them to two control groups of women exposed to either non-teratogenic drugs (n = 147) or to other antidepressants (n=147). There were no significant differences among exposed and non-exposed groups with regard to rates of congenital malformations. In another report, there were no differences in malformation rates among women who took mirtazapine (Remeron) (n=104) during pregnancy as compared to women who took other antidepressants or controls exposed to known nonteratogens.
While these initial reports are reassuring, larger samples are required to establish the reproductive safety of these newer antidepressants. It is estimated that at least 500 to 600 exposures must be collected to demonstrate a two-fold increase in risk for a particular malformation over what is observed in the general population. In general, the SSRIs, specifically fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline, are the antidepressants most commonly used during pregnancy.
Several recent studies have suggested that exposure to SSRIs near the time of delivery may be associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Attention has focused on a range of transient neonatal distress syndromes associated with exposure to (or withdrawal from) antidepressants in utero. These syndromes appear to affect about 25% of babies exposed to antidepressants late in pregnancy. The most commonly reported symptoms in the newborns include tremor, restlessness, increased muscle tone, and increased crying. Reassuringly, these syndromes appear to be relatively benign and short-lived, resolving within 1 to 4 days after birth without any specific medical intervention.
These studies deserve careful consideration, yet one of the major shortcomings is that most have failed to use raters blinded to the mother's treatment status. The decision to admit a newborn to a special care nursery may represent a reasonable precaution for an infant exposed to medication in utero and may not be an indication of a serious problem. Another limitation is that few studies have attempted to assess maternal mood during pregnancy or at the time of delivery. There is ample evidence to suggest that depression or anxiety in the mother may contribute to poor neonatal outcomes, including premature delivery and low birth weight, and it is important to evaluate the contribution of maternal mood to neonatal outcomes.
Based on these findings, many women are advised to taper or discontinue treatment with SSRIs prior to delivery; however, this strategy has not been shown to change neonatal outcomes. Importantly, neonatal effects have been reported with both untreated mood and anxiety disorders, as well as with medication, and limited studies have adequately teased out these variables. One important consideration is that discontinuation of or reductions in the dosage of mediation in the latter part of pregnancy may increase the risk of postpartum depression, as the postpartum period is a time of increased vulnerability to psychiatric illness and depression or anxiety during pregnancy has been associated with postpartum depression.
Another concern has been that maternal SSRI use may be associated with a higher than expected number of cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). In one report, the use of an SSRI antidepressant after the 20th week of gestation was significantly associated with a six-fold greater risk of PPHN. If we assume that these findings are correct, the risk is still relatively small; the authors estimate the risk of PPHN to be less than 1% in infants exposed to SSRIs in utero. Since the initial report on this topic, three studies have found no association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and PPHN, and one study showed a much lower risk than the 1% originally reported. These findings taken together bring into question whether there is an association at all and suggest that, if there is a risk, it is much lower than that reported in the original 2006 report.
To date only two studies have systematically investigated the impact of exposure to antidepressants in utero on development and behavior in humans. The first of these studies followed a cohort of 135 children who had been exposed to either tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine (Prozac) during pregnancy (most commonly during the first trimester) and compared these subjects to a cohort of non-exposed controls. Results indicated no significant differences in IQ, temperament, behavior, reactivity, mood, distractibility, or activity level between exposed and non-exposed children followed up to 7 years of age. A more recent report from the same group that followed a cohort of children exposed to fluoxetine or tricyclic antidepressants for the entire duration of the pregnancy yielded similar results. The authors concluded that their findings support the hypothesis that fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants are not behavioral teratogens and do not have a significant effect on cognitive development, language or behavior.
For women with bipolar disorder, maintenance treatment with a mood stabilizer during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of relapse. However, many of the medications commonly used to treat bipolar disorder carry some teratogenic risk when used during pregnancy.
Concerns regarding fetal exposure to lithium, have typically been based on early reports of higher rates of cardiovascular malformations (e.g., Ebstein's anomaly) following prenatal exposure to this drug. More recent data suggest the risk of cardiovascular malformations following first trimester exposure to lithium is smaller than previous assessments and is estimated to be between 1 in 2000 (0.05%) and 1 in 1000 (0.1%). Compared to lithium, prenatal exposure to some anticonvulsants is associated with a far greater risk for organ malformation. First trimester use of carbamazepine (Tegretol) has been associated with a 1% risk of neural tube defect. Of all of the medications used for psychiatric disorders, the one with the greatest potential of serious birth defects is valproate (valproic acid, Depakote). Factors which appear to increase the risk for teratogenesis include higher maternal serum anticonvulsant levels and exposure to more than one anticonvulsant. With a risk of neural tube defect ranging from 1 to 6%, this drug is often considered one of last resort in reproductive aged women, since the risk for teratogenicity is high in very early pregnancy, before many women realize they are pregnant.
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid has also been associated with characteristic craniofacial abnormalities, cardiovascular malformation, limb defects and genital anomalies, as well as other central nervous system structural abnormalities. Also, valproate exposure during pregnancy has been associated with poorer neurocognitive development in children followed to three years of age. In the same study, lamotrigine use (discussed below) did not affect neurocognitive development.
While other anticonvulsants are being used more frequently in the treatment of bipolar disorder, there is limited information on the reproductive safety of these newer anticonvulsants, specifically gabapentin (Neurontin), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), tigabine (Gabitril), levetiracetam (Keppra), zonisamide (Zonegran). One report has raised concerns regarding potential teratogenicity of topiramate (Topamax).
However, there is a growing body of information the reproductive safety of lamotrigine (Lamictal), and this may be a useful alternative for some women. The International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry was created by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in 1992 to monitor pregnancies exposed to lamotrigine for the occurrence of major birth defects. Data from the Registry did not show an elevated risk of malformations associated with lamotrigine exposure.
Other data from the North-American Anti-Epileptic Drug Registry indicates the prevalence of major malformations in a total of 564 children exposed to lamotrigine monotherapy was 2.7%; however, five infants had oral clefts, indicating a prevalence rate of 8.9 per 1000 births. In a comparison group of 221,746 unexposed births, the prevalence rate for oral clefts was 0.37/1000, indicating a 24-fold increase in risk of oral cleft in infants exposed to lamotrigine. However, other registries have not demonstrated such a significant increase in risk for oral clefts. It is important to put this risk into perspective. If we assume that the findings from the North American registry are true, the absolute risk of having a child with cleft lip or palate is about 0.9%.
Atypical antipsychotic agents (discussed in greater detail below) are commonly used often to manage the acute symptoms of bipolar illness, as well as for maintenance treatment. While the data regarding the reproductive safety of these newer agents is limited, no studies thus far have indicated any teratogenic risk associated with this class of medications. For this reason, some women may choose to use an atypical antipsychotic agent during pregnancy (especially during the first trimester) in order to avoid using a known teratogen, such as lithium or valproic acid.
Anti-Anxiety Medications
The consequences of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines have been debated for over twenty years. Three prospective studies support the absence of increased risk of organ malformation following first trimester exposure to benzodiazepines. More controversial has been the issue of whether first trimester exposure to benzodiazepines increases risk for specific malformations. Although initial reports suggested that there may be an increased risk of cleft lip and palate, more recent reports have shown no association between exposure to benzodiazepines and risk for cleft lip or palate. This risk– if it exists — is calculated to be 0.7%, approximately a ten-fold increase in risk for oral cleft over that observed in the general population. Nonetheless, the likelihood that a woman exposed to benzodiazepines during the first trimester will give birth to a child with this congenital anomaly, although significantly increased, remains less than 1%.
Currently, no systematic data are available on the reproductive safety of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic agents such as buspirone and hypnotic agents zolpidem (Ambien) and zalepion (Sonata). Therefore, these medications are not recommended for use in pregnancy.
Anti-Psychotic Medications
In addition to the atypical antipsychotic medications described above, recent studies have not demonstrated teratogenic risk associated with high-or medium-potency neuroleptic medications; however, a recent meta-analysis of the available studies noted a higher risk of congenital malformations after first trimester exposure to low-potency neuroleptic agents. In clinical practice, higher potency neuroleptic agents such as haloperidol (Haldol), perphenazine (Trilafon), and trifluoperazine (Stelazine) are recommended over the lower potency agents in managing pregnant women with psychiatric illness.
Atypical antipsychotic medications are increasingly being used to treat a spectrum of psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder, as well as treatment refractory depression and anxiety disorders. The first and largest published prospective study on the reproductive safety of the atypical agents provided reassuring data regarding the risk of malformations in the first trimester, although aripiprazole (Abilify) was not among the medications studied. Investigators prospectively followed a group of 151 women taking olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), or clozapine (Clozapine) and compared outcomes to controls without exposure to known teratogens. There were no differences between the groups in terms of risk for major malformations, or rates of obstetrical or neonatal complications.
While this information is reassuring, it is far from definitive, and larger studies are required to provide more information about the reproductive safety of these medications. To this end, the National Pregnancy Registry has been created to prospectively gather information regarding outcomes in infants exposed in utero to these newer atypical antipsychotic medications.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently updated labels for the entire class of antipsychotic drugs to include warnings regarding the use of antipsychotic drugs (both the typical and atypical agents) during pregnancy. The new drug labels now contain more details on the potential risk for abnormal muscle movements (extrapyramidal signs or EPS) and withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to these drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy. These recommendations were derived from adverse event reporting. While this may signal a potential problem associated with exposure to antipsychotic medications, it does not yield accurate information regarding the prevalence of an adverse event.
For the latest information on psychiatric disorders during pregnancy, please visit our blog.
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Currently we are conducting several studies related to depression and pregnancy. To learn more about this study or to sign up for our research patient registry, please click here
Pregnancy Registry
for Psychiatric Medications:
All pregnant women between the ages of 18-45 with a history of psychiatric illness are eligible to enroll in the registry.
MGHPDS
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Which musical style are you?
Nearly every culture on the planet Earth has some form of music. But can music describe a person? Sure you may say that you're a hip-hop or a rock person... but thats just the kind of music you listen to.
What type of music would describe YOU? This short but thought-provoking quiz will help you discover what kind of music tells YOUR story. So go ahead and take it, and discover the music in you.
Which of these describes your thoughts when you hear "Christmas"?
What sort of pet do you own?
Which of these countries wounld you like to visit of you don't live there?
do you enjoy taking this quiz so far?
Which of these musical styles do you think you belong in?
Quiz topic: Which musical style am I?


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Danny Phantom last of us by jim89
Danny Phantom & Last of Us Xover Rated: T, English, Adventure & Hurt/Comfort, Words: 37k+, Favs: 5, Follows: 7, Published: 2/28/2016 Updated: 4/4/2016}
Danny Phantom last of us
FP AF two worlds collide in the past comes back to bite Danny Fenton as he gets an unlikely mission to escort a young girl across Selvage United States. Special thanks to nothing you can prove a beta and cowriting of this.
What Was
Amity Park. Several years ago
"Enough Danny, we're over. I don't care what you say, you slept with and knocked up that witch. You know what she's done to me and others. Did you ever love me?"
Sam tossed the engagement ring at Danny.
"Sam you been so moody and angry lately you told me to go away and not talk to you, I thought we had broken up. I went to one party and had too much to drink. Paulina isn't like that."
She froze up her hands in nuclear frustration, she was used to Danny being the King of clueless, but this was epic even for him.
"Danny what will it take for you to accept that Paulina is scum? The years of her tormenting me, the fact she almost killed. Valerie had her impaled. Like, with what she did to Star. "
"She was cleared of battering court. It is unfortunate that Star was kidnapped, tortured and violated and ended up with child and disowned, but that's not on Paulina."
She hugged herself as she leant against the wall, the frustration and disbelief filling her, a permanent scowl on her face.
"How blind are you? We had a witnesses, DNA. Even the damn confession was broadcasted on national TV, she really floated and bribe her way out even though they have evidence of that it. We still forgave her. What more does she have to do to be found guilty of anything in this town. How many bodies or human wreckage must she leave behind?" Sam screamed at Danny violently.
"Yeah, right. Sam, like your new harlot Sam showing off your great body. A melon chest. Well the plastic surgeons must've done a great job giving you those double D's and those curves."
Danny stood back smugly at his veiled insult, knowing that Sam used to be very insecure about her body.
"Your misguided sense of forgiveness is stupid, Danny given you seen us both naked. You know I'm all natural."
Sam showed her chest to Danny.
Danny looked shell-shocked. One of his veiled insult didn't even phase Sam at all, did he really know her anymore? He tried to ignore the obvious arousal Sam's assets on display does to him. Damn Danny thinks yes she's all-natural.
"But Sam…"
Before he could continue, Sam curb stomped away his attempts to find words and went on the offensive.
"No buts Danny, what about what she did to me? Nearly killing me and half our school body. I had to have three plastic surgery to fix the damage she did to my face and my arm. I got lucky with the total damage from that attack. Did you bother checking up on me? Thankfully, I can still have children. Not like a few other girls got hurt that day. Thanks to her."
Sam tossed a few photos of a few girls, the other girls with her during the school attack Crystal, Faith, Jessica. That were not so lucky.
Sam moved back her long hair on the left side of her face to reveal long scar, going from above her left eye down the right side of her cheek she holds up a matching scar across her left arm.
"Sam…"
It took a few minutes for Danny to recover from his shock. Sam pressed on.
"What about what she did to your sister and better yet what about Danielle? She messed up my adoption of her years ago and since then she's MIA. well, what will it take for you to hate Paulina? I understand your conditions you might need more than I can offer. If you were honest with me and told me you had to sleep with another woman any other woman, but her."
Danny recalled. He couldn't believe Sam mentioned his sister. Jazz and Danielle, that was a low blow.
"Like who's really the jealous, manipulative bitch? Who stops any other girl getting near me? You can't even name one you be comfortable with me being with."
Danny's mind is racing. He knows he's speaking out of anger, but he just can't control himself. Sam's reply is only so super quiet, and always haunts Danny.
"I can name three, Star, Valerie, and Jazz. If I walked in you and Jazz I gladly take notes, maybe even join you. Given what happened with star one of the few people we have the support her. I put on a cheerleader outfit and cheer you on. And hell, it was Valerie I probably saddling beside you would make it a three-way. On my last birthday. I was half a drink and 2 seconds away from hooking up with two of the three I mentioned. I also know I gladly swing the other way for any of them. Given how much they mean to me. But again, you still act like I'm that scared, insecure 14-year-old girl still felt overwhelmed by everything."
Danny's response of what he does next, which was the worst in his anger he slams Sam.
"Like the guerrilla incident or the changing of the menu or wishing we never knew each other with the damn ghost portal or…"
Before Danny could finish, Sam always slaps him and a moment later her angry response always haunts him.
"I admit I made my share of mistakes, especially after the ghost portal. I had a friend and later my fiancée means you forgive me. You gave me your word. That doesn't mean you later have to bust my ass to make things right, Danny, then you throw it in my face. When you feel like it you hypocrite jerk, the hell with you. Danny I'm leaving and I hope I never see that lying kinky two-faced, manipulative asshole face of yours ever again."
He never remembers the end of Sam's curse for the next hit across the face that knocked him on his ass.
The last thing he remembers is seeing her silhouette exit out the door. He remembers how beautiful she looked. That was the last time he ever saw her. Worst was the look of pain on Sam's face. Danny was paralyzed where he stood barely noticing the other voice behind them.
"I win"
Paulina's voice comes out from the bathroom. She exits the bathroom, wearing nothing but Danny's shirt and comes up behind him, wrapping her arms around him.
Danny rolls over and realized the worst of the nightmare is over.
Unfortunately for Danny like most of his nightmares, this is just the first act. The still more to come.
Years later, the house. Danny Fenton Townsville Texas
"I told you I think that contract, we have a deal. Seem to get those guys over there today. Pouring the concrete. I don't care of if the Fitzpatrick's get it done, a deals a deal" Danny hangs up the phone in anger. Then collapses back onto to the couch.
"Hey daddy."
Danny gets a brief look at his daughter and approves of what she's wearing, for once. Some kind of tank top. Some weird Asian symbol on it and the pyjama bottoms. Short blonde hair with piercing blue eyes. With small earrings. Which seemed less invasive compared to her strong-arming Danny for her to get body piercing. Wait, is that a hint of lipstick.
She's a preteen, she's too young for that she's barely... Danny mind go off on a tangent when Sarah shifting catches attention.
"Sarah honey, why are you still doing up you should be asleep right now, don't tell me Jennifer's over again doing the same sleepover naked striptease again. She really has to stop, or there is something want tell me honey"
"Dad, you gropes, she's my best friend she just has issues at night. That's all. Anyways, happy birthday."
Sarah gives Danny a nice little box, which Danny opens seeing a nice watch, which he puts on.
"Sarah honey, this is really nice. How did you afford this?"
"Drugs, I sold hard-core drugs and pictures and a video of Jennifer's to the boys at school and surprisingly a lot of girls."
To Danny's discomfort Sarah made hand motions and gestures, of Jennifer's movements, the image Sarah best friend performing sleep striptease and pole dancing. God I hope Sarah did not use any of the near naked shots. Damn the mind of the last time Tucker dragged him to a club. As a realization of what Danny was thinking his face distorted various forms of pain.
Sarah stops briefly and chooses hit Danny in the ribs, totally enjoy her father's discomfort.
The sound of Sarah giggling and laughter filled the air.
"That's good. It might as well start helping with the mortgage, and don't take any more pictures of Jennifer without her permission and she gets a cut of course."
"You know by now daddy, Jennifer's game for anything. I swear she's a natural performer."
"Just do not take advantage of her, you know why? She trusts you and if you suggest something, anything, she'll pretty much do whatever, because she believes in you. But seriously, how did you get the money?"
Sarah shrugs nonchalantly, she really doesn't want to mention drugs and amateur near porn of her best friend just feels better than what she actually did. Shifting awkwardly like a guilty child with her hand caught in the cookie jar, Sarah finally answered.
"I sold some stuff, mostly to people at school. And some people in the neighborhood. "
"What exactly did you sell? Sarah."
"Those Packets I've been getting from Paris, this clothing, makeup, intimate apparel, etc. Just say selling it other girls were certain people with interests I made some good money."
Danny's face darkens slightly. He prefers possible amateur porn and drugs compared to his daughter selling imported racy lingerie, imported fashion clothing from Paris and high-priced makeup. The last shipment of a handful of makeup couple unmentionables in a few outfits which Danny estimated a cost made his car and mortgage payments for the month.
"Which reminds me, you have another package from your mother with instructions, you plan selling that to or something else? I know it's a sore subject. I know your last visit did noyo go well. I still remember being called from the bus station at the middle of the night to come get you. I can't believe you hitchhiked close to 30 miles to get to the station just to get away from her you know she's ..."
Sarah's relaxed posture quickly moves from comfortable to agitated with the edge. She's ready for a fight.
"She's been AWOL my whole life, and now she wants me to be her perfect trophy daughter. No way, no how. Especially with those damn instructions. She given to me. I've become the perfect slutty girl at school and popular, no thanks. Burn any Packets that come from that bitch for all I care."
The look of hurt all over Danny's face, he wanted Sarah to have a relationship with her mother and suspected the best of Paulina. But in the back of his mind, he realized, Jazz, Valerie and especially Sam were right. For some reason Danny could never accept that Paulina was full of beauty, but completely evil and self-serving. In retrospect Danny realizes Paulina has cost him most of the important people in his life, his sister, his ally, his best friend and fiancé and worse, Danielle. Making sure Sarah being only child.
Sometime later
"Danny, Jennifer's there, right? Her dad's here is in a mood again and he's been drinking. Don't worry just something bad going on at work. Just tell me she's safe with you."
Danny heard a smash and the screech before the line went dead. They sat up in bed any and could hear the screams in the distance from his nearest neighbour, Jennifer's parents.
Before Danny headed out, he quickly checked she was with his daughter. He was happy to see Sarah back to sleep with Jennifer squeezing her applicable oversized teddy bear. Her long blue hair with pink stripes visible poking out of the blanket. Then he shook his head with disdain, realizing she stripped again while sleeping.
At least Danny didn't get another Birdseye view of her other piercings below the neck. Damn he knows full well he swept the take Jennifer probably Sarah clothing shopping soon. Given how fast Jennifer is developing that will probably lead to awkward conversation. Probably birds and bees or worse another scream from his thoughts and realize he had to get in gear.
The problem was that Cletus, Jennifer's father, is a known drunkard with a bad temper and can't hold down a job because of it. It is also widely known he likes to beat his wife and daughters. Apparently. That's why his oldest daughter ran off years ago as soon as she turned 14. To be honest, he is more concerned with making sure Jennifer was safe, and to hell with her parents.
Given that she's still asleep in her daughter's room Danny felt like it's mission accomplished and was ready to go back to bed, until he heard the crash and the sound of a gunshot.
"It's one thing for Cletus to punch and kick, but when he bringing guns into it. Someone is going end up dead."
Danny quickly followed the invitation of the phone call marched over to the side door to his nearest neighbor and banged on the door.
As the door opened, he saw Rita on the ground covered in blood and Cletus stomping around, waving his fist.
Danny had enough. He tackled Cletus and proceeded to punch the living crap out of him. Eventually finishing by picking them up and smashing him headfirst into the china cabinet, knocking his ass out.
Behind Danny, Rita arose, twisted at unnatural angle, her eyes appearing inhuman. The large gash with some kind of growth extending from it.
Danny turned and saw her running towards him, her teeth chattering. Danny fell back to trip overturned chair and landing on his back and she stormed towards him.
Just as she was about to bite down on Danny's neck, a shot rang out and Rita fell back. Danny looked up and saw Jeff, Cletus' talented brother, who was a total opposite of him in every way. Jeff turned and put two bullets in Cletus as well.
"What's going on?"
Jeff was panting heavily from the struggle, and only they look like you could stand. His clothes were a mess. He was covered in grime and blood. Danny just got a little shocked by the turn of events. Not realizing that Jennifer is now an orphan.
"Danny listen, take the girls and get out of here, you heard about that pandemic thing. It's here, get them somewhere safe. I'm counting on you. You need to protect Sarah and my niece Jennifer, and no, I can't go with you. You see, I'm already infected. All I can do is try to keep others off you. Go dammit!"
Danny noticed the large cut on Jeff side.
Not asking twice, Danny quickly got up, not noticing the blood on his shirt and ran outside door.
Danny's house. Moments after Danny left to check on the neighbors
Sarah's eyes open abruptly as she hits the hard wooden floor, her room slowly materialising in the darkness. A dull ache begins to creep up her thigh from the impact of her falling from her bed. She is probably going to get a bruise. She looks around in confusion, wondering why she has fallen. The reason for her fall soon becomes apparent.
She feels something warm pressed against her back and arms clutching her. She turns her head slightly to see that her best friend, Jennifer, is squeezing her like an over-sized teddy bear.
Jennifer is always so touchy feely. As this thought crosses Sarah's mind, Jennifer's hands begin squeezing the wrong place in the wrong way. A quick glance over at her best friend confirms what Sarah already knows, Jennifer has stripped again.
Sarah sighs and frowns at her best friend's issue. She has long since accepted the fact that she had to be there for Jennifer, regardless of how awkward it can get sometimes.
"Man Jennifer, this must be the third time I've had to redress your ass tonight. Why does this happen when you go to sleep? You can't keep yourself covered up. That's what got us kicked out of summer camp."
Disturbingly, Sarah pulls on the clothing on to her best friend and notices the birthday card she forgot to give her dad.
"Crap"
Figuring she's already up, she might as well answer nature's call. She exits the bathroom. Moments later, she notices that her dad's door slightly ajar. She enters in and realizes he is not there.
"Where are you dad?"
Sarah looks over and notices a few pictures on the mantle, she always tried to ask dad who they are. Him and the redheaded girl. In the picture there is an African-American girl and the goth girl.
The one that peaks her interest the most is the goth girl, another dark-haired girl that looks about her age.
Walking over to the photo of the two dark-haired girls, she looks at them.
"Sam and Danielle, Uncle Tucker told me once. In a perfect world they would have been my mom and my sister, I would've known more, if Danny hadn't shut him down."
Sarah frowns at the large photo on the right wall from other.
TV news. This is Stacy Lane downtown as the roadblocks the put up this is seen to see information on the latest outbreak were trying to. Amy man Lady get back isn't it's dangerous. We have a gas leak the frantic reporter mentions.
The TV goes silent after she hears the explosion, Sarah looks up and notices the motion that the distance a large fireball.
"Something's going on. I gotta find dad?"
"That's his cell."
Sarah looks around and realizes and here she quickly travelled downstairs. Looking around for a few minutes, she finds a cell phone in her dad's study.
"Sarah honey, it's your uncle Tucker. It's bad. Where's your dad?"
"He's not here, Tucker. I don't know where he is."
"Okay, this is bad, Sarah it's important to stay inside. Don't let anyone in. I'm on my way. Oh if Jennifer is with you, get her and yourself ready. We have to leave as soon as I get there."
"Remember"
The line goes dead on Sarah, she looks up as Danny comes from the outside glass sliding door and quickly pulls a steel box from his desk and unlocks it pulls the gun. Sarah tries frantically getting to get her dad's attention.
Instinctively, she starts moving towards the glass doors leading out to the backyard. The last second before she reaches the doors, she is grabbed and pulled back.
"Don't." Jennifer quickly squawks pulling Sarah out of the study and across the living room. She is in her panties and tank top, leaving nothing to the imagination.
Sarah turns so that she sees the study window give way. One of the neighbors comes rushing in. Danny brings up the gun and shoots the neighbor dead.
The next few minutes are blur. Jennifer pulls Sarah into Tucker's car, slamming the back door with Danny getting in shotgun.
It's hard to focus the different noises as Jennifer start shovelling into a pair of pants and slapping on her boots. She quickly tells Sarah to put on a jacket.
Serious confusion wonders over Sarah's face. How had her friend had enough time to grab anything on the way out? She is not willing to question it.
"Dad, what about those people what's going on, is that man on fire?' Panic gripping Sarah's voice is a cut into town.
"I got this focus on the road" Tucker winces.
Jennifer quickly responds. She quickly grabs Sarah and kisses her replacing one panic with another, but at least the new one can be control.
The rest is a blur with Jennifer pulling Sarah part of the truck, Sarah mentioned her leg is hurt. Danny's trying to carry her. The infected tries to attack them. Jennifer quickly smashed him in the face with a tire iron.
The makeshift group quickly run down the alley, Tucker and Jennifer leading. Some frantically trying to find ways for the group to continue.
Jennifer turns around the corner and notices the door torn the buildings and frantically tries it.
The loud noise you hear somebody debris that was the fire escape crashing down the alley apparently right where Jennifer was. They can't see her. They hope she wasn't crushed.
"We can't do anything for her. She got crushed. We got to go."
"She could be on the other side. We can't just leave her?"
"We have no choice. Run."
Looking across the alley. The makeshift group only see the mangled wreck of the fire escape and other things that fell from the roof, totally cutting off the left half of the alley. Leaving only the right. They cannot see Jennifer anywhere.
Danny can feel the panic rising in Sarah as she buries her head against his chest, not willing to accept the fact that her best friend might have just died.
"Jennifer if you can hear me meet us at the snake tree up on Route 67, remember those disaster drills we did in the past. Good luck" Danny screams as he runs down the alley.
Danny's heart sink in the chest realizing the chance of seeing Jennifer again is small. But he has to stay strong for Sarah and Tucker.
The curling sound of the infected I heard behind them.
The last moments always play out in slow motion, the cutting across the bar, Tucker covering them. Danny living up the Hill to Route 67. On the other side of the bridge. The soldier whispering the orders and then a gunshot.
Sarah is on the ground bleeding out, Tucker shows up a moment later and kills Sarah's killer.
"No, no, no."
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From the Ground
Heroes in the Spotlight
Campaign for Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr
UN Complaint Program
Tag: Salim al-Aradi
ADHRB at HRC38 raises concerns over widespread torture in UAE prisons
July 2, 2018 ADHRB At the UN, UAE
On Monday 2 July 2018, at the 38th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council during the Item 8 General Debate on the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, ADHRB delivered an oral intervention calling attention to widespread torture in the United Arab Emirates. In the intervention, ADHRB remarked […]
HRC33: ADHRB raises concerns re: enforced disappearances & debt bondage in GCC
September 15, 2016 Blog
On 15 September 2016, Erin Sigmon, ADHRB's Advocacy Associate, delivered an oral intervention at the 33rd session of the Human Rights Council under item 3 on the Emirati government's use of enforced disappearances & issue of debt bondage in Saudi Arabia Please continue reading for full remarks or click here to download […]
Canadian Citizen Returns Home After Months of Arbitrary Detention in UAE
Salim Al-Aradi, a Libyan-Canadian businessman, returned to Canada after nearly two years of detention in the UAE. Emirati police arrested him while vacationing with his family in Dubai on 28 August 2014. He was forcibly disappeared and his family did not know his whereabouts until October 2014. The authorities did […]
Former MP calls on Canadian government to help free citizen held in UAE
January 8, 2016 Blog
Salim al-Aradi is a dual Libyan-Canadian citizen who was arrested without charge in the UAE approximately 17 months ago. The Canadian government is currently facing allegations that they have were aware that the Emirati authorities tortured al-Aradi and yet failed to inform his family. According to Dan McTeague, a former Canadian MP, […]
Prisoner Profile: Salim al-Aradi
December 31, 2015 Campaigns, Countries, Heroes in the Spotlight, Other GCC Countries, UAE
Salim al-Aradi is a 46-year-old Libyan-Canadian businessman who runs a home appliance company with his brother in the UAE. On 28 August 2014, Salim was vacationing with his family in Dubai when he received a strange phone call at his hotel from an Emirati security officer. Although it was around […]
ADHRB Submits Mid-Term Assessment of Bahrain's Third Cycle Universal Periodic Review
ADHRB submits a report on Kuwait's fidelity to the Convention on the Rights of the Child
ADHRB submits report ahead of the UAE's review under the Convention against Torture
ADHRB submits report ahead of Bahrain's review under the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
ADHRB submits reports ahead of the United States' Universal Periodic Review on its support for abuses in Bahrain and Yemen
Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs and Defence Philippe Goffin Answers Questions on Human Rights in Bahrain
Kuwaiti Government's Crackdown on the Bidoon
Dawood al-Marhoon to spend another birthday on death row in Saudi Arabia
Profiles in Persecution: Mohamed Abdulameer AlMeshaimea
Head of Italy's Democratic Party Issues Statement on Death Sentences of Mohammed Ramadhan and Hussain Ali Moosa
Advocacy Al-Wefaq arbitrary detention Arms Sales Bahrain Bahraini Activists BICI Report Campaigns Children & Youth Congress Death Penalty Democracy Events Featured freedom of expression free expression Free Press Free Speech GCC Human Rights Human Rights Council Husain Abdulla Joint Statements Kuwait Nabeel Rajab Newsletter Prisoners Prisoners of Conscience Qatar religious freedom reprisals Saudi Arabia Sheikh Ali Salman Sheikh Isa Qassim statement Statements torture UAE UN Unfair Trials United Nations UPR US State Department Women's Rights yemen
Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) fosters awareness of and support for democracy and human rights in Bahrain and the Middle East.
ADHRB is always hiring both paid fellows and unpaid interns on a rolling basis. Click here for more information!
Copyright © 2020 — Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain. All Rights Reserved


These exciting new attractions are for anyone curious about what it is like to walk in the footsteps of a farmer.
You don't have to quit your day job to be a beekeeper, drive behind a tractor, make wine or distil brandy (the old fashioned way), harvest grapes and fruit or make tasty preserves.
The story of Farmer Redbeard startedin the 1700's, but only 3 years ago in Ashton,the husband and wife team, Albertus and Patrizia van Zyl decided to bring a taste of their hidden treasure, their family farm, Wilde PaardeKloof, and farming to friends and families from near and far.
For those seeking tranquility and an opportunity to be pampered; try a couple's or wellness weekend with a massage, sunset wine tasting, farm drive, vineyard walks and wholesome dinner. This is a perfect getaway. The self catering farm cottages and authentic South African farmhouses make the perfect resting place for a fun days outing.
Farmer Redbeard is also great for children & adult's parties, end of year functions & team building events.
A working holiday you have always dreamed of and will never forget.During the summer months, Farmer Redbeard is busy harvesting in his fruit orchards and vineyards. Come winter, he paints, prunes, ploughs and plants. So those budding fruit farmers, vintners and wine aficionados can have the chance to experience the magic of farming without having to quit their day job. Farmer Redbeard, a passionate wine and brandy maker gives you the opportunity to make your own wine, while Mrs Farmer Redbeard takes you into her kitchen to make sticky treats like jams and preserves.
Taste Farmer Redbeard's handcrafted wines in the vineyard in which the grapes were grown, and listen to him tell you more about the art of viticulture and wine making. His attention to detail in his vineyards ensures that he produces quality wines, with a unique and distinct aroma, flavour and character.
Farmer Redbeard's farm is a restful haven in the mountains to rekindle your romance with the one that you love. A body massage is followed by a sunset wine tasting in the vineyard and farm drive to a cosy bush braai for dinner. Walks in the orchards are beautiful any season of the year. Rest in the farm cottages equipped with an indoor and outdoor fireplace. Wake up to a farmhouse breakfast.
Accommodation on the farm is in a traditional South African 18th century built farmhouse, farm cottages or for the adventurous types a 'Bush bus' tucked away in the mountain. Built at the base of the Langeberg, the views are different every day and every season. The calmness of the farm is soothing.Farmhouse food made by Mrs. Farmer Redbeard accompanies each Hands on farming event. Satisfied customers keep coming back for more.
Farmer Redbeard is a top travel premier South African destination!


Scooter by the Sea: Let it snow - I know it's really spring!
Let it snow - I know it's really spring!
According to the weather prognosticators, my part of Maine is going to experience a blizzard unlike anything we've seen since 1979. Since Spring Training starts on Monday, it must be spring in my little world. So I am going to ignore the two feet of white fluff and focus on warm weather by digging out a few photos from summers past.
I LOVED it! Doesn't it just make you ache with a desire for sunshine and riding along the ocean?!
Great post! Thank you, I needed that!
Thank you - it won't be long now. And I am ready for a great summer by the sea.
Think sunny thoughts, think sunny thoughts. Just say it over and over again like a mantra.
Once I heard about the storm I was wondering how you were going to fare weather wise. Hope it isn't as bad as they are predicting. Fingers crossed - eyes too.
We made it through - it wasn't as scary as the media hyped it up to be. "Massive Storm - Record Blizzard - Northeast brought to a standstill..."
Maybe it's just the Maine sense of "Big deal - why, back in '92..." The elders here will never admit that an event was as bad as what they went through.
we are warming up just looking at those summer photos. Atlantic Canada is under a ton of snow and freezing temperatures. Not sure if it missed you or not.
I'm glad that the pics produced a warm feeling. If spring doesn't show itself soon, I'm going to dig out a few more summer sets.
Tom, what better way to prepare for a Big Snow than to think and dream summer; summer by the sea just that much better. I'm convinced that the Atlantic shore has a different aroma than the Pacific, you've brought me back to warm days hugging the East coast with tides and two wheels.
Take care and stay safe through the storm.
I was stationed on the coast of Washington State when I was in the Navy, and I think you're right about the ocean's subtle differences.
Sure hope you are doing okay. The "blizzard" is all over the news on the west coast.
Thank you - all is well, and getting better as the weather is actually warming up.
Yes, snow....and, next Tuesday pitchers and catchers report to most of the MLB camps. Sure does sound like Spring in the North is just around the corner.
Good luck "riding" out the storm and hope it brings a story or two and at least one fond memory.
In fact, the Cubs and the Rockies report on Monday, and I'm going to celebrate that as the Opening of the Camps!
Heck, and I just sent you a message asking you if you wanted to ride today. Just think… there's so much snow that falling down is almost impossible.
Hang on… In 3 day's we will be on the air and riding once again.
On the air, for sure. But the rain, sleet, ice, and snow forecast for Monday mean using a less noble type of transportation.


Duluth Harbor Cam: Camera Operation Today!
This is awesome, since I can't be there in person I have been watching on and off all morning. Love it, thanks so much!
Enjoy the boats and thanks for your excellent work. I've been able to cheer the tall ships on in Pine River, MN today.
Hi Den. Quite a crowd there today. Did you get to go on the roof of the museum this year? Also were the your two drone lads buzzing over the south peer?
Yes I was on the roof of the Museum and my wife was on the Aquarium. No drones for me today, too many people.
Looks like the drone operators that were flying were very careful -- nice to see.


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FAMOUS SCIENTIST
Who is scientist? Scientist is a man of science. He is a man who possesses knowledge in any area of learning, or trained skill in any branch of knowledge. He is a person with expert knowledge of a science; a person using scientific methods.
French mathematician Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768–1830)
Joseph Fourier is best known for his computational approach to complex function analysis, specifically the Fourier transform. He also acknowledged as an Egyptologist and administrator, who greatly influenced mathematical physics his book.
Joseph Fourier was born on March 21, 1768 in the ancient and beautiful town of Auxerre, 150 kilometers south of Paris in a position dominating the river Yonne, with beautiful churches, above all the ancient fifth century abbey St. Germain and the Gothic cathedral of St. Etienne. He was the ninth of 12 children from his father's second marriage. Joseph was the name of his father, a master taylor of Auxerre, who had been born to shopkeepers in a small town in Lorraine.
In 1794 Joseph Fourier was accepted to study at the Ecole Normale in Paris. In 1795, Joseph Fourier went to teach at the Ecole Polytechnique, In 1797, he succeeded Joseph-Louis Lagrange as chair of analysis and mechanics. While an engineer on Napoleons' Egyptian expedition, he conducted (1798-1801) anthropological investigations and wrote the preface to the monumental Description de I'Egpyte, whose publication he oversaw.
When Joseph Fourier published his book Teorie analytique de la chaleur (1822), he certainly could not foresee that he had provided scientists of the 20th century with one of their most powerful research tools. He analyzed the conduction of heat in solid bodies in terms of infinite mathematical series now called the Fourier series.
Labels: France, Joseph Fourier, mathematician
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text:
Q: Is there an example of a multiline text field in GTK+3 written in c++ without using css? I'm having trouble figuring out the basic multi-line text field stuff in GTK+3. I was hoping someone could help me out with a simple example with no css formatting. I've done some googling and haven't found anything which I wouldn't have to deconstruct to get at the answer. Thanks.

A: Alright, I figured out how to do it.
GtkTextBuffer *textBufferName = gtk_text_buffer_new(NULL);
GtkWidget *widgetName = gtk_text_view_new_with_buffer(textBufferName);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Got a case of the munchies? Snack on one of these healthy, medicated, tasty Trail Mix Bites. It's your favorite trail mix just turned into cute and delicious little energy bites! 2 Bites Per Package!
Ingredients: Old Fashioned Oats, Almond Butter, Maple Syrup, Flax Seed, Shredded Coconut, Sunflower Seeds, Pumpkin Seeds, Chia Seeds, Mini M&Ms, Coconut Oil, THC Distillate.
1 review for "hi-FÜD – Trail Mix Bites – 100mg THC Distillate"
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A lady rider Jennifer Vass won this year's National Gallop in Hungary. The lady represented Budapest Ferencváros in this unique race that takes place every year in Heroes' Square.
Some years ago I visited the Italian town Sienna. In this picturesque historic town every year there is a horse race called Palio.
Ten horses and ten riders representing ten districts compete in the main square of Sienna two times a year.
When 4 years ago the organizers announced the launch of Hungarian National Gallop, the Palio came to my mind.
But the similarity is perhaps just a coincidence.
The National Gallop takes place every year in Budapest's Heros' Square, which is converted into a huge racetrack.
The horses represent different Hungarian town and villages that volunteer to enter the competition.
The event this year was three days long (14-16 September) including a number of programmes and races.
A final winner of the this year is Jennifer Vass and her horse Cordoba.
They represented a Budapest district called Ferencváros.


Today's card is the Wheel of Fortune. Initially I wasn't sure what to make of this card, however I do think that it is a positive card taken in conjunction with the two other Major Arcana cards, The Fool and The Star which I received in the first days of 2015.
Maybe it's message is that we cannot always control outside circumstances, but we can control how we respond to them? Life is a series of ups and downs and it's important to stay optimistic and have faith in the Universe. We can use meditation and visualisation to assist and reinforce our intention to manifest abundance, good fortune and prosperity and help to create the right outcomes in our lives.
In my own life I have a strong sense that I have reached a turning point or pivotal time in my life. After several years of feeling powerless I now feel a new resurgence of positivity that I can turn my life around this year by putting into practice the action steps and goals that I have been working on since the New Year. We can't stop the wheel turning but hopefully we can influence how long we remain in the doldrums by harnessing the power of our minds to remain optimistic and empowered to take control of our own lives as much as is possible.


NBA 2K17 , as every year, offer us a basketball experience of the most realistic. But beyond the teams, latest generation graphics and proposed modes, this is a very specific novelty that catches our attention: the My Career mode is it really at the height of what we were entitled to hope ?
If NBA 2K had strives to improve graphics and playability in previous editions, the 2K17 vintage draws our attention to an important point: the reworking of the My Career mode. 2K Sports puts us in the shoes of a high school student at the time of choice . Tempted by several universities, he is finally selected in the draft with, at the end of the road, the hope of becoming a superstar of the NBA.
However, do not expect to spend a full year in high school and participate in all NCAA games of the season: the game will be summarized in four games , governed by the rules of each competition.
But the interest of 2K Sports is not limited to the professional side: the idea is also to accompany the sportsman in his daily life and this is where the game surprises. Orchestrated by Spike Lee , Fashion Career reviews all the clichés of the genre.
these commonplaces lose all their meaning if you personalize the character by lending him your traits or by assigning him a different ethnic origin. The vagaries of genetics immediately take on a comical dimension that does not really stick to the content.
In spite of these oddities, MaCarrière brings a lot of good ideas: you will make important decisions about your professional future and will receive the support of real players, like Stephen Curry. Too bad we can not interact with the characters in different sequences of the story.
But NBA 2K17 does not stop there. Even if this new mode My Carreer is the main asset put forward in the promotion of this NBA 2K17, the creators have not been idle on the other modes of the game. We will also find a mode My Team , replica of the Ultimate Team of FIFA 16 version basketball. We can also organize matches just for fun and take advantage of online terms offered by the game.
In terms of teams, in addition to the current NBA formations, NBA 2K16 offers 12 classic teams, including the 2003 Mavericks allas or the 2000 Portland Trail Blazers. European basketball fans will be able to choose between the 25 teams of the Euro league , which we already had in NBA 2K16 .
2K Sports strives throughout the editions to improve its copy and this latest version brings two new interesting. Defense reinforcement and attacking poster technique are now done with a single button, making the gesture much more intuitive.
By holding down a button, we will also see the symbol of a ball on some players, assigned to this button. A good way to get timely and effective assistance , which allows to better visualize the possible passes.
As for graphics, NBA 2K17 again plays the card of excellence. The animation of the stadiums, the expressions of the players reach a level of realism rarely obtained in a game of sport. It will be appreciated more on Xbox 720 and PS4 because, it is clear, 2K did not realize this year the best port on PC of his career.
NBA 2K16 is once again the must-have basketball simulator. The wealth of fashion, realism, winks to the past, make it a must for all fans of the genre. It would be wrong to deprive oneself of it.
NBA 2K17 Download on a Windows PC is one of the hits of the famous video game series NBA 2K. Like the previous section, so this was created by a well-deserved team of Visual Concepts, an editing party took over the company 2K Games, which has in its catalog series like Borderlands, Civilization or Bio shock by Sid Meier.
The production was released in two versions – regular and branded Kobe'ego Bryant Legend Edition, but designed only for the owners of Xbox One and PlayStation 4. Mechanical NBA game play 2K17 Telecharger not undergone major changes compared to the edition of last year.
So, it's a basketball simulator, trying to reproduce as faithfully as possible the actual struggles of teams playing in the NBA, but not only. The production has appeared for several national teams Dream Team, which played in the United States in 1992, the 2016 team and the Australian baby boomers, namely.
A team representing Australia. NBA 2K17 Downloadgaming offers standard modes, including quick match or online meetings, and also allows you to play in MyGM and MyLeague, which allows us not only to participate in the next sports wrestling, but also in various activities related to the team execution, for example. During the project.
In addition, players can change the number of visual aspects of their teams, for example. To change the logo or costumes. Among the other elements is a facial recognition system, which appeared in the series for the first time in NBA 2K15.
Both its debut version, and is made available in the next section has not been error-free and often play instead of the virtual counterparts of the players created a variety of strange creatures. The system has been refined, however, and in the last opus works just better. In technical terms Windows PC does not pass major changes.
Developers, of course, introduced some improvements to the engine, but the graphic revolution can not say. However, the game still looks good and sometimes reminiscent of TV shows NBA 2K17 Download .


Worldwide smartphone sales increased by nearly 4 percent in the recent quarter, but Microsoft's Windows Phone OS failed to capitalize on the growth and dropped below 1 percent market share. Gartner's latest smartphone sales report provides the latest proof of the obvious: Windows Phone is dead. Gartner estimates that nearly 2.4 million Windows Phones were sold in the latest quarter, around 0.7 percent market share overall. That's a decrease from the 2.5 percent market share of Windows Phone back in Q1 2015.
The drop in sales is primarily driven by Microsoft's lack of new Lumia devices. Microsoft revealed its plans to sell its feature phone business to a Foxconn subsidiary for $350 million last week, and the company hinted that we might have seen the last Lumia-branded smartphone. Microsoft only sold 2.3 million Lumia devices in the latest quarter, a massive 73 percent drop from the 8.6 million in the same period last year. As a result, Microsoft's revenue from phones declined 46 percent. Rumors suggest Microsoft may be considering a Surface-branded phone for 2017.
If Gartner's estimates are accurate, then Microsoft sold 2.3 million of the 2.4 million Windows Phones in the recent quarter. If Microsoft has no plans to introduce new Lumias this year then the drop in both sales and market share will continue. Microsoft appears to be leaving Windows Phone up to other phone makers to support, but the company currently controls more than 95 percent of all Windows Phone sales with its Lumia devices. It's unlikely that other phone makers, that have typically ignored Windows Phone, will have any impact on Microsoft's mobile OS market share as a result.


This 3 bedroom/2 bath condominium has an open and inviting floor plan. The Master Suite is very spacious and features a large walk in closet, a vanity area with granite and its own balcony. The Kitchen has stainless appliances, granite counter tops and has room for bar top seating. Nearby is a built in wine rack and storage space. The dining and living area open up towards the "over sized" L shaped balcony that faces the Gulf of Mexico. The Sunsets are absolutely incredible.


I have a kitchen light with no power going to the switch, I checked the breaker and I have 120v but he kitchen outlets show a open fault with tester what could the problem be?
Did this happen suddenly? Like overnight? Is it the right breaker? Is your house as built? Or modified?
If this circuit has been working in the past but suddenly is not, the basic wiring must be ok. This leaves a bad connection as the probable problem. Check the connection to the breaker and neutral bar and the connections in each box in the circuit to make sure they are tight and watch for any one which appears to have been hot. If any connection to a receptacle or switch is a push-in type without a screw replace the receptacle or switch with a screw type. I have seen these open up with no visible indication.
There is also the possibility that the house wiring was modified at some past date and an additional fusebox added. This happened to us. The wiring was modified to add water heating and the extra fusebox was hidden high up in the larder. Okay until a fuse blew.
I see your point. This comes close to a "concealed" box which is against the code where I live.


High efficiency air conditioners for the area.
Here are a few of the air conditioning units Alessio Heating & Air recommends for reliable, efficient cooling. We are a local HVAC contractor who has the experience and knowledge of new air conditioning systems to answer any questions you have about proper sizing, efficiency ratings, matched components and more. Call Alessio Heating & Air today at (760) 489-2299 for the finest in air conditioning service.


"Double edged / 4 sun"
The Petti knife is a knife like a pointed and elongated knurled utensil knife.
It is suitable for small work as much as it is small.
A kitchen knife that is as easy to use as a universal knife.
The handle part is a laminated plywood with high strength.
It is easy to grip.
Please do not use other than cooking. Please use kitchen knives suitable for the application.
Particularly frozen products, bones, pumpkins, etc. When cutting hard objects, use special kitchen knife as it will cause spillage, breakage, cracks.
Be sure to use cutting boards. However, use like striking the cutting board will cause spillage of the blade and it is extremely dangerous as there is a possibility that the handle will come off. Please do not use like this.
Since the cutting edge is very thin and it is sharpened so that it can be cut well, please do not use it directly as a way of applying force from side to side or directly touching the blade.
Please be careful from day to day as to whether there is a crack on the blade.
Regardless of the use period, if cracks are occurring, the blade may spill or break.
In case of the insert handle knife, the handle may become easy to come off. Please check looseness and use.
Please be careful especially when putting in a knife insert.
If you leave a kitchen knife fixed with rivets in water or leave it wet with water, the metal of the handle may rust as well.
If this is repeated, there is a gap between the metal and the wooden portion, so please be careful as it may open widely or the stud may come off.
When your child is going to use, please be sure to give guidance for those with judgment ability in advance.
Also please do not place it in the reach of children.
Please do not blow knives with fire.
Kitchen knife is also rusty depending on the material. When rust comes out, please look at the bookmark of [Care of kitchen knife].
Wipe thoroughly with water or hot water after use so that it does not rust daily, wipe the moisture thoroughly with a dry cloth and then put on a kitchen knife.
Also, please do not wipe with salad oil when not using for a long time.
Should rust occur, it will be possible to remove rust considerably clean by rubbing with a cleanser.
Please try to sharpen once every 10 days.
For grinding wheels at home please use an artificial middle grindstone.
For details of how to sharpen please look at the [Cleaning knives].
copyright 2010-2018 cocobit All Rights Reserved.


Eden EC15-U Bass Combo The Eden E-Series 180W amplifier provides enough volume for the more serious rehearsal or small jam session. The cabinet design keeps size and weight to a minimum without sacrificing tone! As well as more power, all of these amplifiers offer an increased feature se..
Eden EC210-U Bass Combo The Eden E-Series 180W amplifier provides enough volume for the more serious rehearsal or small jam session. The cabinet design keeps size and weight to a minimum without sacrificing tone! As well as more power, all of these amplifiers offer an increased feature s..
Eden E8JR Bass Combo Description: The EC8 and is a fantastically portable and compact Bass Amplifier Combo. Combining years of electronic amplifier design knowledge and exceptional cabinet design the EC8 is a culmination of tone crafting, power and audio execution! Eden E8JR Bass Com..


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Cheap flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh
from as little as £550
18 nights in Phnom Penh, departing London Heathrow on 16 / Mar / 2021 with Singapore Airlines (price found 23 hours ago)
Subject to availability, prices correct of the last 24 hours
Phnom Penh Flights
Phnom Penh from London Heathrow
Cheap return flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh
The London Heathrow / Phnom Penh route
All 10044 km of it
Phnom Penh flight facts
How much are flights normally?
If you see flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh for less than this, you've found a good deal.
When is the best time to book cheap flights?
If you want cheap flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh, this is the best time to book.
What are the cheapest airlines?
These airlines usually offer the cheapest flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh.
What airlines fly indirectly?
These airlines fly from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh, but you'll have at least one layover.
When is high season?
This is the most expensive time to fly to Phnom Penh. If this is when you want to go, book your flight from London Heathrow in advance.
When is the cheapest time to fly?
Flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh are usually cheaper at this time of year.
How long is the flight?
This is the shortest flight time from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh.
How long should I stay in Phnom Penh?
Most people spend this amount of time in Phnom Penh.
Alternative flights from the UK to Phnom Penh
London to Phnom Penh
Manchester to Phnom Penh
Edinburgh to Phnom Penh
Birmingham to Phnom Penh
London City Airport to Phnom Penh
London Gatwick to Phnom Penh
London Stansted to Phnom Penh
Ho Chi Minh from London Heathrow
Bangkok from London Heathrow
Koh Samui from London Heathrow
Langkawi from London Heathrow
Phuket from London Heathrow
Kuala Lumpur from London Heathrow
Today alone, Netflights has searched over 433 flights. 16 / Mar / 2021 is currently the lowest priced day of the year to fly the London Heathrow/Phnom Penh route. There are around 54 flights on any given week from the UK to Phnom Penh and the cheapest month to fly right now is March.
Key facts about Phnom Penh
How to get cheap flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh
Search for cheap flights and last-minute deals with Netflights. We've scanned all the flights from London Heathrow to Phnom Penh, across the four airlines that offer this route. We've found that 16 / Mar / 2021 is the cheapest date to travel at the moment, but it's best to go through the results to see which flight suits you.
The most popular airlines offering flights to Phnom Penh are Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines & Malaysia Airlines. Qatar Airways is the most popular one, but that doesn't mean their flights will be the cheapest. If you can't find a flight time that suits you, why not look at flying out from a different airport?
The distance between London Heathrow to Phnom Penh is 10044 km. Normally, it takes about 19 hrs 30 mins to fly, and you can definitely expect the journey to be at least 17 hrs. You can see the various flight times in the results.
If you want to travel in November, it's best to book your flights early, as this is peak season in Phnom Penh. The cheapest month to fly is normally June – try searching three to four months prior to then to get a bargain. You can also search by month, which will reveal the cheapest time of the week to fly.
Other popular destinations near Phnom Penh
cheap flights to Ho Chi Minh
cheap flights to Siem Reap
cheap flights to Dalat
Context Id: b380d44f-6e25-4dc0-8039-1e68730fbd54


text:
Home » January 25, 2023 – Multiversity comics
January 25, 2023 – Multiversity comics
Welcome to The Rundown, our daily breakdown of the comedy news we missed from the day before. A link to share? Email our team at rundown@multiversitycomics.com.
In case you missed it, we interviewed Tyler Boss about his 'What's the Farthest Place From Here' series of pictures. ", and more.
– Via press release, Image and Skybound announced a "Ghosted" Compendium, collecting all 20 issues of the horror series by Joshua Williamson, Goran Sudzuka and Davide Gianfelice into one volume. "Ghosted" follows criminal mastermind Jackson Winters after he breaks out of prison. He must assemble a team of paranormal experts as they attempt to steal a ghost from a haunted house. The series originally ran from 2013 to 2015. The "Ghosted" Compendium will be available in comic book stores and digitally on September 20, 2023, and in bookstores the following week on September 26.
– Dark Horse announced "Critical Role: The Mighty Nein Origins" Library Edition Vol. 1, the first of two oversized hardcovers that will bring together four of the "Origins" OGNs. It will feature "Critical Role: The Mighty Nein Origins Jester Lavorre" written by Sam Maggs, with art by Hunter Severn Bonyun, color by Cathy Le, and lettering by Ariana Maher; "Caleb Widowgast," written by Jody Houser, with art by Selina Espiritu, color by Diana Sousa, and the letter Ariana Maher; "Yasha Nydoorin" by writer Cecil Castellucci, artist William Kirkby, colorist Diana Sousa and letterer Ariana Maher; and "Nott the Brave," by Sam Maggs, William Kirkby, Eren Angiolini, and Ariana Maher. Matt Mercer, Laura Bailey, Liam O'Brien and Sam Riegel of Critical Role have also consulted the books. "Critical Role: The Origins of Mighty Nein" Library Edition Vol. 1 will be available on September 12, 2023.
– Via The Beat, Nick Drnaso was longlisted for the PEN/Jean Stein Literary Award for his most recent graphic novel, "Acting Class" by Drawn & Quarterly. The graphic novel brings together ten strangers, under the tutelage of the mysterious John Smith. All these people have one thing in common: they are looking for change. Winners of the PEN/Jean Stein Literary Prize will be announced on March 2, 2023.
– The Beat also reports that multi-award-winning graphic novelist Emmanuel Guibert has been elected to France's Academy of Fine Arts. Guibert becomes only the second cartoonist in history to hold such a high position. The designer will occupy one of the five chairs at the head of the Engraving and Drawing department alongside his colleague Catherine Meurisse, the first designer elected in 2020.
– Via Weekly Entertainment, Michael Cudlitz was cast as Lex Luthor on The CW's Superman and Lois. The character description reads: "Cudlitz's Lex Luthor is known to the world as the visionary billionaire behind LexCorp, but secretly the criminal underworld knows who Lex really is: a brutal psychopath who terrorizes everyone he meets. " Superman and Lois Season 3 premieres Tuesday, March 14 at 8 p.m. ET/PT.
– Nominations for the 95th Academy Awards were announced Tuesday morning. Black Panther: Wakanda Forever earned five nominations, including Angela Bassett for Best Supporting Actress and Rhianna's "Lift Me Up" for Best Original Song. The Batman also earned three nominations. The 95th Academy Awards will take place on Sunday, March 12, 2023 at the Dolby Theater at Ovation Hollywood and will be broadcast live on ABC. You can see the full list of nominations at The variety.
– At last, The variety reports that Adult Swim has severed ties with rick and morty co-creator Justin Roiland. Roiland was charged in Orange County, Calif., with one count of domestic assault with bodily harm and one count of false imprisonment by threat, violence, fraud and/or deception. . Roiland pleaded not guilty and appeared in court on January 13, 2023 for a preliminary hearing. Roiland is due back in court in April for another preliminary hearing.
picture skybound ghosted compendium johsua williamson goran sudzuka davide gianfelice
DC's Superman Family Faces Their Most Human Enemy
January 26, 2023 Comics
Brand new range of t-shirts celebrating classic British comics
10 Most Underrated X-Men Comics, Ranked


Over the last year, Union of Concerned Scientists supporters across the country have sent thousands of letters to state and federal lawmakers urging them to reduce global warming pollution. While we've laid important groundwork and celebrated some concrete victories at the state and regional level—the United States still needs national comprehensive climate legislation.
Soon, Congress will be consumed with 2008 presidential election activity. We need them to take action now on a strong policy that helps prevent dangerous warming. We have a small window of opportunity—and we must act now.
Last week, Senators Joseph Lieberman (I-CT) and John Warner (R-VA) introduced America's Climate Security Act (S. 2191). The bill's bi-partisan support and strong framework for reducing global warming pollution will help build momentum for real congressional action. However, the Senate must act to strengthen a few elements of the bill. Please urge your senators to ensure that the bill helps avoid the worst effects of global warming.
CLICK on link below to TAKE ACTION.


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Coláiste na bhFiann (CnabhF) is an Irish language summer course for students aged 10–18 years. The company was founded by Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí and the first course was in Rosmuc, County Galway, Ireland in 1968.  Since then, fifty thousand students have studied on their summer courses.

Activities
Some courses are college based and others are based in the Gaeltacht areas of Rosmuc, County Galway and Ráth Cairn, County Meath. Most courses are three week residential courses in which students are immersed in an Irish speaking environment.  During these courses students attend classes and take part in various activities, games, arts, crafts, and sport.  As Ireland's longest-established course organiser, several other courses have been founded on the same model.

In 1970,  was founded to provide weekly youth clubs and to give students the opportunity to practise the language skills acquired on the summer courses. As of 2016, there were approximately sixty clubs in the country.

Sexual abuse allegations
Since his death, Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí, the company's founder and first teacher on the courses, has been subject to allegations that he sexually attacked and abused teenage boys in the 1960s and 1970s either at school or during  outings.

Locations

Residential - Rule A
Ros Muc, County Galway. The first teacher here was Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí

Residential - Rule B

Gaoth Dobhair, County Donegal
Baile an Uairnigh (Warrenstown), County Meath (opened 2010)
Ráth Chairn, County Meath

Past pupils
 Hector Ó hEochagáin, television presenter
 Cynthia Ní Mhurchú, television presenter
 Carrie Crowley, television presenter
 Catherine Martin, Irish government minister

References

External links

Language schools
Irish-language education

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Are You Using a Natural Furniture Polish?
Recently I discovered an excellent new, natural FURNITURE TONIC made by highly regarded French furniture restorer Christophe Pourny.
After an apprenticeship in his uncle's antiques showroom on Rue Jacob in Paris, he moved to New York and opened a studio specializing in French polish, period finishes, and antique restoration.
This natural furniture tonic is made by hand in small batches in Brooklyn. Christophe has created two polishes—FURNITURE TONIC and COLOR REVIVER.
The FURNITURE TONIC "nurtures wood as it restores the luster and shine that time and sun can diminish."
Made from natural, non-toxic ingredients that are friendly to the environment and sourced in North America, it includes organic linseed and walnut oils, beeswax and a natural cleaner and drying agent.
I used it very successfully on a walnut table and you can see the before and after pictures here on my blog about How to use Christophe Pourny's Furniture Tonic.
To make sure you are fully equipped when you begin to polish, I designed a large polishing cloth from 100% cotton flannel free of bleaches, dyes and chemicals. The cloth is 14" x 18" and soft as butter.
When you purchase a bottle of the Furniture Tonic or Color Reviver it comes with two of these beautiful polishing cloths.
CHRISTOPHE POURNY'S COLOR REVIVER is a companion product to his FURNITURE TONIC however, it serves a different purpose.
The Color Reviver refreshes dark wood finishes and hides nicks and scratches with one application. It should not be used on light or medium color furniture as it may change the color of the wood.
The natural ingredients include organic and virgin oils sourced from North American seeds. Essential oils of lavender and rosemary bring the scent of Provence into your home and a natural drying agent derived from trees ensures a lasting finish.
The Color Reviver is also made by hand in small batches in Brooklyn. It comes with two large 14" x 18" polishing clothes made from 100% cotton flannel free of bleaches, dyes or chemicals.


Here's a suggestion for you guys, how about a favicon for the site?
See those icons in the bookmark bar? Those are favicons. Notice that TMC's bookmark doesn't have one, so I need to put the site name alongside it to identify it (Samsung's site doesn't either.) I think that it would be much nicer (and look much more professional) if we had an icon there.
With this in mind, I have painstakingly hand crafted (well, I took a clipart one and modified it slightly by making the background transparent) a coffee bean and saved it in the correct format.
All that's required is to place that file in the root directory of TMC and it should just work.
Only if someone can come up with a cooler one, y'know Kees style, suitable for the future release of the TMC beanie.
Actually I'm really thinking how did you get rid of the writing next to the icons?
lsjms wrote: Actually I'm really thinking how did you get rid of the writing next to the icons?
That's easy. Edit the bookmark and delete the name.
Ooh, ta, lots of space!
Now I think I like them, now I know they are not clutter.
Strange, how do these look?
Yes apologies for the front page. We are hoping to get something done about that asap.
"At first here stood an article, it stood here for a long long time, but at a given moment it had to go to the bathroom, so the article did so, and now it is gone, and to notify you of that fact, this sentence has been placed here, thank you."
For the record we used to have a favicon, years ago. I must have mislaid it during an upgrade.
phil wrote: If anyone wants to provide a replacement, please mail it to me at "phil" at the domain name of this site and I'll be happy to consider your offering.
There's one in this very thread, just up there a little.
Of course, if someone with more talent than me (not difficult) wishes to come up with a better one, now's your chance.
I' m not understanding something, I guess. I've had an icon of a steaming cup of coffee for TMC ever since I joined. Are we talking about something different?
That icon was on the old "blue" TMC site.
Actually it's still on the backup of the old site, although my command-line "locate" didn't find it for some reason.
I can only assume that your machine has cached the old icon, Bruce.
I've copied the old icon over to the current site. If however people would prefer the new (but significantly larger) new icon, let me know.


text:
Application of digital image correlation to the thick adherend shear test
Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42426-2_9
Search for: Van Blitterswyk, Jared; Search for: Backman, David1; Search for: Laliberté, Jeremy; Search for: Cole, Richard1
National Research Council of Canada. Aerospace
2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Orlando, Florida, USA
adhesives; mechanical properties; single-lap joint; digital image correlation (DIC); KGR-1 extensometer; experimental test methods
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a novel method for measuring shear deformation during the Thick Adherend Shear Test (TAST), to determine in situ mechanical properties of an adhesive under tensile shear loading, using two-dimensional (2D) Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Shear strains were optically measured using DIC from the bond line and also from adherend deformations; both were compared against measurements made using the ASTM D5656 standard (KGR-1 extensometers). The results from 17 TAST specimens showed that all techniques were in good agreement, however, both DIC techniques had significantly lower variance on measured mechanical properties compared to the KGR-1 extensometers. The use of correlated adherend deformations was the preferred technique for deriving plastic shear strains, and overall produced the lowest scatter on mechanical properties. This study demonstrates the potential for the use of 2D DIC as a more precise, and time-efficient alternative to the KGR-1 extensometers for room temperature in situ characterization of adhesives in shear.
Joining Technologies for Composites and Dissimilar Materials, Volume 10: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (9 October 2017): 81–90.
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series.
281114a1-8cdb-4d0d-a0ec-34e3464df8b0


Most people would agree that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Eating breakfast gives the energy needed to get through the morning. It helps ward off hunger in between meals. And it helps curb those voracious cravings toward the end of the day.
Your first reaction is probably to get a hold of your preferred source of caffeine for an instant jolt of energy and then scavenge for the closest thing resembling food.
Reaching for the first thing you find may seem like a great idea at the time. But after an hour or so, feelings of low energy and hunger strike again — and you need to recharge, again.
When you skip breakfast, the low energy-hunger-cravings cycle repeats itself all day long. More than likely, your poor breakfast choice has you craving unhealthy fatty, sugary foods.
The result of this breakfast cycle? Eating more calories than needed and storing the extra calories as fat.
Choosing the right food to eat is just as important as eating breakfast when it comes to balancing hunger, energy and cravings.
Sugary cereals, fluffy pancakes, chewy breakfast bars and gooey pastries are the last things you want to put on your plate. These foods lack the nutrients a body needs for a well-balanced diet. Consuming these result in cravings for high-fat, high-sugar foods later in the day.
You might be thinking that eliminating these foods doesn't leave many options. But really, there are many quick and easy options out there that help fill the void.
It's best to reach for whole grains, low-fat protein, low-fat dairy and fruit and vegetables.
These may be acceptable reasons in your mind why you skip breakfast. But what if you'd like to make a change? There are solutions to all of these ideas. It just takes a little initiative.
Eat less before bed. Try to stop eating three hours before your head hits the pillow. By doing this, you are giving your body a chance to digest and cleanse the food you've eaten all day. When you wake up, you'll be ready for a healthy morning meal.
Get your breakfast ready the night before. Know what you're going to eat and set it aside so it's ready to cook. Or cook it the night before (See Apostrophe's "In The Kitchen" recipe, muffin pan eggs.). Then set your alarm clock to get up 15 minutes early.
Eat the food you like, even if it's something you'd eat for lunch or dinner. The chicken and salad you typically eat for lunch or left over dinner from the night before are just as filling as the food you'd typically eat for breakfast.
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