Background: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a gamma retrovirus, which has been detected in patients with prostate cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, and general population with a number of acquired infections such as infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the HTLV-1 and XMRV coinfection for the first time in Iranian patients who were admitted to the Tehran hospitals. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ninety one patients suspected with HTLV-1 were referred to the hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from April 2012 to October 2016. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells/cerebrospinal fluids was extracted by High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche, Germany). After complementary DNA synthesis, conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of HTLV-1 or XMRV-infected patients. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Results: Of the 291 patients suspected of HTLV infection, 123 (42.3%) were male with a mean age of 38±15 years. HTLV-1 RNA was found in 93 (31.9%) specimens comprising 40 men (41.3%) and 53 women (56.9%). Of the 93 patients who were HTLV-1 positive, one sample (1%) was positive for XMRV env gene. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the lack of significant detection of XMRV in patients who were HTLV-1 positive could not be associated with complications of HTLV-1. Although this is a preliminary report from Iranian patients with HTLV-1, further studies are needed to show the actual prevalence of XMRV infection by geographical distribution and various populations.
Blood or other body fluids are the shared routes of transmission for all four known human retroviruses: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2.,, To date, no definitive route of transmission has been found for XMRV., Some studies have suggested that XMRV could be associated with HTLV-infected individuals and this virus may be associated with a range of disorders.,, In this regard, the aim of this study was to detect HTLV-1 and XMRV coinfection in Iranian samples using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.
In this cross-sectional study, the patients suspected of HTLV-1 symptoms were referred to hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, as practitioner diagnosed and enrolled them from April 2012 to October 2016. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. The ethics of the study followed the guidelines of the ethical committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. This study included patients who had symptoms of HTLV-1 involvement (malignancy, neurological disease, strongyloidiasis, and bronchiectasis). Patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Five milliliters of peripheral blood was collected from 127 patients into sterile ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-containing Vacutainer tubes. After centrifugation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the whole blood (WB) samples by using Ficoll separation method (Lympholyte H; Cedarlane, Hornby, Canada).,, Briefly, the isolated PBMCs were washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline, and then the cells were resuspended in 200 μL of RNAlater solution (Ambion, Austin, TX). Furthermore, 2.5mL sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken from 164 patients and stored without any preservatives and was directly used to further the extraction procedure. All specimens were stored at −80°C until use.
Total DNA/RNA was isolated via the High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche, Germany). Briefly, 200 μL of PBMC or CSF was used for RNA purification, according to protocol., Then, eluted RNA quantity and purity were evaluated using a NanoDrop ND-1000 (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE) spectrophotometer. Extracted mix was stored at −20°C until use.
RNA in the total nucleic acid isolates was reverse transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA) by random hexamers as primers and M-MuLV reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer's instructions., Then, the cDNA was checked for quality using the NanoDrop ND-1000 (Thermo Scientific). Total mix was stored at −20°C and was used for further analysis by PCR.
Two separate conventional RT-PCRs were performed for the amplification of env and tax genes of XMRV and HTLV-1, respectively. The primers previously described were used for molecular detection via RT-PCR technique for these two targets [Table 1]., A total volume of 25 μL reaction mixture consisted of a 5-μM concentration of cDNA samples or controls, a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) mix (Fermentas, Germany) with equal concentrations of each of the four dNTPs at a 1mM concentration, each of forward and reverse primers at 1 μM concentration, MgCl2 solution (Fermentas) at 1 μM concentration, 2.5 μM concentration PCR buffer 10x (Fermentas), and 0.5 units/μL concentration of Taq DNA polymerase (Fermentas), and sterilized distilled water was added to round out the total volume.
A Bio-Rad (T100 Thermal Cycler) thermo cycler was used for PCR with the following program: one cycle of initial denaturation at 95°C for 5min; 35 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30s; annealing at 51°C and 56°C for 30s for XMRV and HTLV-1, according to the primers melting temperature, respectively; extension at 72°C for 30s, according to the length of the product; and finally, one cycle of final extension at 72°C for 5min. Positive controls for HTLV-1 and XMRV were the MT-2 cell line DNA and XMRV-infected LNCaP cell DNA, respectively. Finally, the PCR products were visualized by gel electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide.
SYBR™ Green real-time PCR was performed for viral load assay and quantified in the Rotor-Gene-Q 6000 thermocycler (Corbett, Australia). A total of 15 μL reaction mix composed of 7.5 μL of 2× Amplicon III mix (Odense M, Denmark), 0.5 μL of each forward and reverse primers corresponding to 0.5-μM concentration, and 3 μL each sample or control corresponding to 0.2–0.5 μM concentration. Primer sequences were obtained from an earlier study by Matsumoto et al. Heating protocol was 95°C for 5min, followed by 40 cycles at 95°C for 30s, 60°C for 30s, and acquiring was in annealing/extension step.
Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS) software, version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) for statistical analyses and basic descriptive and frequency features, and then statistical significance was assessed by two-tailed Student's t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
From 2012 to 2016, 291 patients with HTLV-1 symptoms (malignancy, neurological disease, strongyloidiasis, and bronchiectasis) were diagnosed by specialists and referred to hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The mean age of the patients was 38±15 years and 123 (42.3%) were male and 168 (57.7%) were female. One hundred and twenty-seven samples were collected in a 5-mL tube containing EDTA, and RNA was extracted from PBMC using Ficoll gradient method. Also, 164 CSF samples (2.5mL) were collected from the C7-T1 interspace in each patient using 2% gauge spinal needles [Table 2].
The RT-PCR assay showed that of 291 samples, 93 (31.9%) were positive for HTLV-1 tax gene [Figure 1]. The mean age of positive patients was 40±12 years (range, 18–74 years), and further characteristics are described in [Table 3]. Majority of positive samples included PBMCs (77.4%).
Figure 1: Agarose gel electrophoresis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products.
The RT-PCR assay results for the detection of XMRV nucleic acid on 93 HTLV-positive samples showed that 1/93 (1%) male samples were positive for XMRV infection [Figure 2].
Figure 2: Agarose gel electrophoresis of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products.
Also HTLV-1 viral load assay (HTLV RNA) performed randomly for 16 HTLV-positive sample (8 female and 8 male) with mean age of 38.8±8.4 years and range, 24–58 years. Viral load assay ranged between 2,655 and 120,867 IU/mL and mean was 5,163 IU/mL. Statistical analyses showed no significant results between demographic parameters and HTLV-1- or XMRV-infection-positive results.
To find out how XMRV infection causes any disease in the human population, it is important to detect this virus particle in clinical samples in different complications. In this study, we investigated the presence of XMRV genome in WB (PBMC) and CSF of patients who were HTLV-1 positive for the first time in Iran.
Two hundred and ninety-one patients between 2012 and 2016 with HTLV symptoms were enrolled. Results show that from 291 WB (PBMC) and CSF samples, 93 (31.9%) were positive for HTLV-1 by RT-PCR method. For the evaluation of viral load, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed in positive patients that ranged between 2,655 and 120,867 IU/mL. In the next step, 93 HTLV-1-positive samples for the presence of the XMRV were investigated. Results showed one WB sample was positive for this virus, which suggests that XMRV is uncommon in this population-based cohort.
In the study by Qiu et al., XMRV prevalence in 486 HTLV-infected Japanese patients was evaluated by chemiluminescence immunoassays (CMIAs) and RT-PCR methods. Results showed p15E antibodies detected by CMIA method in 20 (4.1%) samples, but no XMRV pol or env sequences were detected in these seroreactive samples by RT-PCR. The present study that performed just RT-PCR method for XMRV genome detection, notified the need to another confirmatory procedure to validate results. In 2017, Baig et al. attempted to investigate the possible association between the XMRV infection and different variants of ductal prostate adenocarcinoma. The results showed that the XMRV DNA was detected in four of eight (50%) ductal adenocarcinomas.
In another cross-sectional survey in 2017 by Vasefi et al., frequency of XMRV genome in 150 Iranian HIV-infected patients was evaluated. Their results showed that 13 (8.6%) plasma samples were positive for XMRV using real-time RT-PCR. In the current study, although there were quality checking in every steps, the method of detection probably had effects on the low infection frequency findings. Different complications of patients who infected by HIV and HTLV-1 might be another term to seen the reduced infection rates of our studied population.
There were some limitations in this study, including small sample size, applying highly sensitive or confirmatory techniques, and not using several primers to detect other XMRV genes, which need to be taken into account in future studies, although this was an only preliminary study in Iranian patients with HTLV-1. On the basis of our results, we found that the prevalence of XMRV infection is low among patients who acquire HTLV-1 infection. This study showed that the individuals at risk for HTLV-1 infection are not at risk for XMRV infection.
In this study, we failed to find any significant correlation between XMRV infection and HTLV-1 complications. In view of these negative findings in this highly susceptible group, we conclude that it is unlikely that XMRV or related viruses are circulating at a significant level in patients who are HTLV-1 positive in Tehran, Iran.
The present study was done by supports of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in order to a separate project by the grant number: 95-04-30-27632.
Vasefi SN, Bokharaei-Salim F, Tavakoli A, Keyvani H, Farahmand M, Mortazavi HS, et al. Xenotropic Murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in Iranian HIV Patients. Iran J Virol 2016;10:8-13.
Henrich TJ, Li JZ, Felsenstein D, Kotton CN, Plenge RM, Pereyra F, et al. Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus prevalence in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or chronic immunomodulatory conditions. J Infect Dis 2010;10:1478-81.
Yari A, Rezaee SA, Valizadeh N, Rajaee T, Jazayeri SM, Soltani M, et al. Evaluation of HTLV-1 activity in HAM/TSP patients using proviral load and tax mRNA expression after in vitro lymphocyte activation. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014;10:531-6.
Lee D, Das Gupta J, Gaughan C, Steffen I, Tang N, Luk KC, et al. In-depth investigation of archival and prospectively collected samples reveals no evidence for XMRV infection in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012;10:e44954.
Arnold RS, Makarova NV, Osunkoya AO, Suppiah S, Scott TA, Johnson NA, et al. XMRV infection in patients with prostate cancer: novel serologic assay and correlation with PCR and FISH. Urology 2010;10:755-61.
Fischer N, Hellwinkel O, Schulz C, Chun FK, Huland H, Aepfelbacher M, et al. Prevalence of human gammaretrovirus XMRV in sporadic prostate cancer. J Clin Virol 2008;10:277-83.
Gray ER, Garson JA, Breuer J, Edwards S, Kellam P, Pillay D, et al. No evidence of XMRV or related retroviruses in a London HIV-1-positive patient cohort. PLoS One 2011;10:e18096.
Erlwein O, Kaye S, McClure MO, Weber J, Wills G, Collier D, et al. Failure to detect the novel retrovirus XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One 2010;10:e8519.
Spindler J, Hackett J Jr., Qiu X, Wiegand A, Boltz VF, Swanson P, et al. Prevalence of XMRV nucleic acid and antibody in HIV-1-infected men and in men at risk for HIV-1 infection. Adv Virol 2011;10:268214.
Azarpazhooh MR, Hasanpour K, Ghanbari M, Rezaee SA, Mashkani B, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, et al. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 prevalence in northeastern Iran, Sabzevar: an epidemiologic-based study and phylogenetic analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012;10:1095-101.
Yamanaka S, Nakayama K, Tamai H, Sakamaki M, Inokuchi K. Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma complicated by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy after treatment with the anti-CCR4 antibody mogamulizumab. Rinsho Ketsueki 2017;10:309-14.
Abrams A, Akahata Y, Jacobson S. The prevalence and significance of HTLV-I/II seroindeterminate Western blot patterns. Viruses 2011;10:1320-31.
Willems L, Hasegawa H, Accolla R, Bangham C, Bazarbachi A, Bertazzoni U, et al. Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: an agenda for research and action. Antiviral Res 2017;10:41-8.
Satake M, Yamaguchi K, Tadokoro K. Current prevalence of HTLV-1 in Japan as determined by screening of blood donors. J Med Virol 2012;10:327-35.
Tavakoli A, Karbalaie Niya MH, Keshavarz M, Ghaffari H, Asoodeh A, Monavari SH, et al. Current diagnostic methods for HIV. Future Virol 2017;10:141-55.
Cornelissen M, Zorgdrager F, Blom P, Jurriaans S, Repping S, van Leeuwen E, et al. Lack of detection of XMRV in seminal plasma from HIV-1 infected men in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2010;10:e12040.
Panelli S, Lorusso L, Balestrieri A, Lupo G, Capelli E. XMRV and public health: the retroviral genome is not a suitable template for diagnostic PCR, and its association with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome appears unreliable. Front Public Health 2017;10:108.
Qiu X, Swanson P, Tang N, Leckie GW, Devare S, Schochetman G, et al. Prevalence of XMRV in blood donors, HTLV and HIV cohorts. Retrovirology 2011;10:A222.
Karbalaie Niya MH, Salman-Tabar S, Bokharaei-Salim F, Behmanesh M, Keyvani H. Prevalence of resistant associated variants (RAVs) in the naïve HCV patient candidate for direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Microb Pathog 2017;10:166-70.
Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Karbalaie Niya MH, Sohrabi M, Panahi M, Zamani F, Imanzade F, et al. Polymorphism of IL-28B gene (rs12979860) in HCV genotype 1 patients treated by pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Iran J Pathol 2016;10:216-21.
Keyvani H, Karbalaie Niya MH, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Monavari SHR. Presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and chronic blood disorders. Microb Pathog 2017;10:431-4.
Karbalaie Niya MH, Bokharaei Salim F, Tavakoli A, Reza Monavari SH, Esghaei M, Tameshkel FS, et al. Varicella zoster virus genotyping in chickenpox patient's clinical isolates from Iran. Future Virol 2016;10:401-9.
Moradi P, Keyvani H, Javad Mousavi SA, Karbalaie Niya MH, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, et al. Investigation of viral infection in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis among Iranian patients in Tehran. Microb Pathog 2017;10:171-4.
Reza MA, Fahimeh G, Reza MH. Evaluation of xenotropic murine leukemia virus and its R426Q polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer in Kerman, southeast of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;10:3669-73.
Abbaszadegan MR, Gholamin M, Tabatabaee A, Farid R, Houshmand M, Abbaszadegan M. Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 among blood donors from Mashhad, Iran. J Clin Microbiol 2003;10:2593-5.
Matsumoto C, Sagara Y, Sobata R, Inoue Y, Morita M, Uchida S, et al. Analysis of HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) and antibody detected with various kinds of tests in Japanese blood donors to understand the relationship between PVL and antibody level and to gain insights toward better antibody testing. J Med Virol 2017;10:1469-76.
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Posted by Jana J. Monji | Jan 9, 2020 | 0 |
While some were dressing as Santa Claus or in their favorite ugly Christmas sweater, a handful of journalists were donning their own space-age attire in order to watch technicians in Jet Propulsion Laboratory's "clean room" apply the finishing touches to NASA's Mars 2020 rover.
After a brief introduction by Deputy Project Manager Matt Wallace in the gallery of the Spacecraft Assembly Facility (SAF), and Dave Gruel, Mars 2020 assembly, test and launch operations manager, we handed over our cameras, walked on sticky tape, wiped our faces, then donned surgical masks and white suits before taking an air bath and finally popping into the clean room to meet "the crew" of Mars 2020.
The SAF was built in 1961 and became the place where the first probes to the moon, Mars and Venus were assembled. In 2019, the world celebrated the 50th anniversary of the lunar landing, which was made possible by the pathfinders for the Apollo missions: the nine Ranger missions. According to JPL historian Erik Conway, "The whole idea of a clean room for spacecraft assembly comes out of the Ranger program."
Two of the people I spoke with had rich family legacies at JPL. Said James S. Howard, the assembly and test launch operations quality assurance lead on Mars 2020, "I started here when I was 19 years old, but my aunt and uncle worked here about 40 years." Through them, Howard said he considers himself a second-generation JPLer. He was able to visit Cape Canaveral at age 9 to see a night launch. During his 35 years at JPL, Howard was able to go again when he was 30, "remembering when I made that promise to myself as a child" that he would grow up to work there. Indeed, while others were celebrating the New Year, Howard was finding a new home in Florida, where he will be living for the next seven months, or until Mars 2020 leaves Earth.
Ray Baker, flight system manager for Mars 2020, explained that when the time comes the space agency's latest rover will be loaded onto a C-17 military aircraft and then flown to Cape Canaveral in Florida. Unlike Howard, Baker won't be stationed there, but will visit to help the team.
Like Howard, Mechanical Engineer Michelle Colizzi has a lot of NASA family behind her. "I come from a family of engineers," Colizzi explained. "My grandfather and both his brothers, my aunt and her late husband, they worked here." Her family also has a Mars connection.
"My grandfather worked on Pathfinder, the first Mars rover," she said proudly.
After landing on July 4, 1997, Mars Pathfinder began collecting what would amount to 2.3 billion bits of information before its last data transmission on Sept. 27, 1997. That included more than 16,500 images from the lander and 550 images from the rover Sojourner, named for the Civil War-era civil rights icon Sojourner Truth. Pathfinder conducted more than 15 chemical analyses of rocks and soil and returned extensive data regarding winds and other weather factors.
"Findings from the investigations carried out by scientific instruments on both the lander and the rover suggest that Mars was at one time in its past warm and wet, with water existing in its liquid state and a thicker atmosphere." NASA has reported.
The twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity, which landed on Mars in 2004, discovered further evidence that there was once running water on what appears to be a dry and barren planet.
Landing in 2012, the much larger rover Curiosity discovered Gale Crater contained a lake billions of years ago and that it had an environment that could have supported microbial life.
When it lands, Mars 2020 will explore Jezero Crater, located 3,760 miles from Curiosity. Jerezo, according to information provided by NASA,was once the site of an ancient delta and possesses a landscape shaped by water. Mars 2020's mission "is to look for actual signs of past life, or biosignatures, capturing samples of rocks and soil that could be retrieved by future missions and returned to Earth for in-depth study," according to NASA.
Since beginning operations, Curiosity has been utilizing 17 cameras, according to NASA. Mars 2020 has 23 cameras, most of them color, as well as two microphones to capture not only the first sounds of a Mars landing, but also Martian wind.
Mars 2020 will also be equipped with a small drone helicopter, the Mars Helicopter Scout (MHS), which is expected to fly five times during its 30-day test campaign. If all goes well, NASA will be able to build on the design of the MHS for future Mars missions.
The Cool Factor
This rover doesn't rely on Mission Control to do "fine tune adjustments." Rather, Colizzi explained, it has "terrain relative navigation that makes quick image comparisons" to make landing decisions. The MHS, which will provide overhead images with approximately ten times the resolution of orbital images, providing the best routes for Mars 2020, was not mounted and on display, but Howard has seen it tested, noting that it will be mounted underneath the rover and protected by a heat shield.
Colizzi will also be traveling cross-country with her husband and dog for seven months of work in Florida. Her family of engineers is intensely interested in all the developments, as well as a visit to Disney World.
The launch of Mars 2020 will be made on an Atlas rocket between July 17 and August 5th. Then there will be a long pause as the rover journeys to Mars, with landing planned for Feb. 18, 2021.
When Mars 2020 finally lands, Howard said, "I'll be holding my breath like everyone else, hoping for the best." Then we'll know if a helicopter will fly on Mars that we have come a step closer to having someone suiting up as an astronaut to travel there and explore the Red Planet.
Howard noted that while "every day is an adventure" at JPL, with Mars 2020 "the cool factor for this project is through the roof." n
For more information about Curiosity and Mars 2020, visit mars.nasa.gov/msl/home and mars.nasa.gov/mars2020.
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Battle For Punjab: Will Sidhu Team Up With Kejriwal to Beat Captain Amarinder?
Political pundits are now waiting for Navjot Singh Sidhu's next move ahead of Punjab Assembly elections 2022.
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2021-07-14T15:09:54+05:30 Battle For Punjab: Will Sidhu Team Up With Kejriwal to Beat Captain Amarinder?
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Navjot Singh Sidhu would like to believe he is the weathervane for Punjab. As he is seen to be making overtures to the Aam Admi Party (AAP) on the eve of Assembly elections in the state, does the Congress leader think that the wind is blowing the AAP way?
Going by the past political moves made by the mercurial Sidhu, he has invariably landed on the winning side. Now with chief minister Captain Amarinder Singh under fire for the power crisis in the state and over farmers' issues, AAP has already hit the streets in Punjab with regular protests. Delhi chief minister and AAP supremo Arvind Kejriwal has even promised free electricity to Punjab, if it forms the next government there.
Looking to expand its footprints beyond the Capital, AAP has already made inroads in Punjab. It had emerged as the principal opposition party in the state, winning 20 of the 112 seats it contested. Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) had managed to win 15 of the 94 seats it contested, and its then ally the BJP could manage only three of the 28. The Congress had formed the government under Amarinder Singh, winning 77 seats, overthrowing a two-term SAD-BJP government.
With the SAD still not looking like a winning party, and the BJP still out of contention, the AAP probably looks like a winner to Sidhu. Incidentally, there was a buzz around Sidhu joining the AAP in the run-up to the 2017 assembly elections too after he resigned from his Rajya Sabha seat months after being nominated by the BJP in 2016. He then briefly launched a new political front – Aawaz-e-Punjab – before joining the Congress in January 2017. He contested and won from the Amritsar East assembly seat. And landed on the winning side as Congress won the state.
Joining the BJP in 2004, he contested from Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency and was one of the three MPs from the party to get elected from Punjab. Late actor Vinod Khanna and Avinash Rai Khanna were the other two. Winning the next elections too, he was asked to vacate the Amritsar seat for the late Arun Jaitley. And that is when Sidhu's disenchantment with the party began as he refused to campaign for Jaitley.
Now, with Sidhu questioning the Captain and his policies openly, and also putting out a cryptic tweet about AAP "recognizing" his "vision and work for Punjab", speculation is rife again about him joining Kejriwal's party. Political pundits are now waiting for Sidhu's next move. Will he join AAP in the hope of being projected as the party's CM candidate? Or will he use the buzz to angle a deal with the Congress – that of the party's state president? Will his decision actually serve as the weathervane for Punjab?
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Since publishing the news that Meredith Pritchard Claims Consultants Ltd and First Law Solutions Ltd had been wound-up by the High Court, further information has been coming to light.
The perpetrator behind this claims fraud, Stephen Paul Fairclough has seemed to have disappeared, his offices at Regus House are now empty. We do know that he does have links in Portugal and is believed to own a property and lives there. So he may just have fled the UK and is living his life of luxury on the money he has swindled from countless victims.
Apparently from information received by one source, who wishes not to be identified, it looks now like the Police in the UK will not be pursuing the matter against Stephen Fairclough. From the information received the reason is that they do not have sufficient evidence. As we know to secure a prosecution and ensure a conviction in any criminal trial, the evidence must be strong and be of "beyond reasonable doubt".
Inside Timeshare would love to see Fairclough prosecuted and convicted, so it is now up to you the readers and victims of his fraud to come forward. Inside Timeshare is in contact with one victim who would like to gather together all those affected and form an Action Group.
If you have lost money for services not provided by Fairclough, then use our contact page, send in your details and Inside Timeshare will pass them to the coordinator of the Action Group. It is only with your help that this person will ever be brought to justice.
As an update to the articles regarding Ali and Alex Farhoud and their involvement in the selling of the "Company Participations Scheme" on behalf of Silverpoint , Inside Timeshare has also been informed of "Criminal Denuncias" being filed against them (the Farhouds) with the Guardia Civil.
Our information is that two clients have begun legal proceedings against Silverpoint but they have also lodged the criminal complaints against the two Farhoud brothers who sold them the scheme in the first place. It is believed from our sources that more clients are also coming forward and more "Criminal Denuncias" are going to be made.
It must also be remembered that they are now contacting previous victims via their company Nordic Consulting Canary Islands SL, with the offer of taking legal action against Silverpoint (their former employer) and claiming back what their clients originally paid. They explain that what was sold to them was not legal, yet they are the ones who sold it in the first place, yet they claim they had no idea that it was "fraudulent".
Now, we also know that they will be charging huge amounts for legal fees to carry out this "service", so in reality they made large amounts in commission for selling it and are now set to make even more by offering a "legal service"!
If you have purchased these "Company Participations" or any other product peddled by Silverpoint, or have been contacted by Nordic Consulting, then use our contact page to get in touch. Inside Timeshare will then answer your questions and point you to the best solution for your situation.
We also have an update of court cases held in the Courts on Gran Canaria, all these involved Anfi and were brought on behalf of clients by Canarian Legal Alliance.
In total there were seven sentences issued, 3 by the High Court in Las Palmas and 4 by the Courts Of First Instance in Maspalomas. Again all contracts were declared null and void as the contained infringements of the Timeshare Laws as laid down by the Supreme Court. These ranged from floating weeks to perpetuity contracts, the courts awarded over 241,545€ to the clients along with legal fees and legal interest.
Then on Tuesday 5 March, another sentence was issued by the Court of First Instance of San Barlelomé De Tirajana, again this was against Anfi. This quite a significant case as the amount involved is huge.
The client in this instance is set to receive over 212,476€ plus legal interest, along with the contract being declared null and void. This will be one happy client.
The case was conducted on behalf of the clients by the Canarian Legal Alliance lawyer Adrián Diaz-Saavedra Morales, who is another of the young and dynamic team at CLA. So congratulations to them all, and keep up the good work.
If you need any advice with a timeshare problem or paid a company for services which you have not received, contact Inside Timeshare via our contact page. We will point you in the right direction.
The Supreme Court, Spain's highest judicial body has again found against Diamond Resorts as per their previous 129 rulings. This week alone Diamond have lost 2 cases at the highest court in Spain, it all centers on their points system which has been declared an illegal product due to lack of tangibility and the length of the contract.
In the past three years, the Supreme Court has ruled on 131 cases involving the sales of timeshare, each time it has upheld its previous rulings, on many occasions it has added further rulings on the interpretation of the Spanish Timeshare Laws 42/98 & 4/12.
The latest case started with a trial at the Court of First Instance No 24 in Tenerife, the judge in this instance found for the clients as dictated by the previous ruling of the Supreme Court and the Spanish Timeshare laws.
The infractions were the contract had no end date, which is in contravention of the law as laid down and reinforced by previous rulings, the law clearly states that a timeshare contract should be a minimum of 3 years and a maximum of 50 years in duration. The second was the points system, which shows no tangible product, this being a fixed week number and fixed apartment number, which guarantees the purchaser the period and accommodation each year.
The Judge ruled in favour of the client, declaring the contract null and void plus the return of all money paid. However, Diamond did not agree and promptly appealed the decision to the High Court.
During this appeal, Diamond pleaded that what they had sold was not timeshare, that just like Silverpoint, these were "investors" and not consumers of timeshare. For some reason the judges at the High Court agreed and overturned the decision of the Court of First Instance.
The lawyers of Canarian Legal Alliance representing the clients, placed an appeal with the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court had already previously ruled on the point of "investors as opposed to consumers", ruling that they are consumers.
On 13 December 2018, the judges of the Supreme Court overturned the decision of the Tenerife High Court upholding and reaffirming the ruling of the Court of First Instance, in favour of the client and in accordance to their previous rulings.
The court along with the original decision declared the contract null and void, awarded over 11,000€ plus they ordered the return of all legal fees for the original case and the appeal, sending it back to the original court for execution of sentence.
The full sentence can be seen in the PDF below.
Over the past 3 or so years the Supreme Court has been consistent in reaffirming their previous rulings, which all courts must abide by. The basic rulings are that deposits or any payment made within the cooling off period are illegal, including those made to a third party. The points and floating weeks systems are not permitted as they do not guarantee anything to the consumer. The duration of the contract is another aspect they have consistently ruled upon, that any contract with a period of more than 50 years is not permitted.
As with the Silverpoint rulings on the "investment packs" which Silverpoint argued made the purchaser an "investor" not a "consumer", the court has ruled these are indeed timeshares and the law applies. This is also being used in the case of "fractional ownership" and more recently the Silverpoint "Company Participations", the courts have ruled that they are timeshare and that the consumer has the full protection of the timeshare law.
On the point of "investing", timeshare is not an investment in property, it is a right of use and enjoyment of accommodation for specific periods of time, therefore it should never be marketed or sold as an investment. This is actually borne out by First National Trust in 2012, they are the trustees for the Club la Costa Fractional Owners Club, they informed CLC that fractional should never be marketed as an investment. (See link below).
Over the years we have seen many timeshare companies change the product, giving it new names, in many cases it has been a blatant attempt to bypass the timeshare laws, but thanks to the courts and especially the Supreme Court, this has been thwarted.
As with any new law, it has taken a long time and many test cases to clarify the interpretation of the law, there is still a long way to go as timeshare companies try to evade the strict laws which now govern the sale of any timeshare product in Spain.
Have you purchased a timeshare in Spain or upgraded since 5 January 1999?
Is the contract over 50 years in duration?
Is it a floating weeks or points system?
Did you purchase the Silverpoint "Investment Weeks"?
Are you a participant in the Silverpoint "Company Participation" scheme?
Have you paid any money within the cooling off period?
If you can say yes to any of these questions, then you may have the right to have your contract declared null and void, along with the return of at least your purchase price, double whatever paid within the cooling off period.
If you require any information on what your rights are and whether you do have a valid and viable claim, then use our contact page and we will point you in the right direction.
You should also bare in mind that these claims must go through a Spanish court using a genuine Spanish registered lawyer, your contract must also still be running. Once you have cancelled any ownership / membership, then you lose your right to file with the courts.
Remember, before you do anything, do your due diligence and check who you are dealing with, do not take at face value some of the claims many companies will make. If you require any help in determining the validity of any company that contacts you, that you find on the internet or through adverts in magazines or newspapers, then contact Inside Timeshare for the best advice possible.
Inside Timeshare has received the following information from Canarian Legal Alliance, going by this news they are certainly having a very busy time.
By the end of last week, 9 November they had 31 pre-trials or full trial in the Spanish Courts, these were on mainland Spain and the Canary Islands. They also filed 44 new cases with the courts, so the judges are going to be busy for a long time yet.
In total they recouped over 206,000€ for their clients plus all the contracts were declared null and void, leaving the clients timeshare free.
It is also becoming more common for the judges at the courts in Gran Canaria of not sending the the cases to a full trial, but issuing their sentences after the pre-trial. It was also announced that one judge in Tenerife has also followed suit and will not be sending the case for a full trial, but will issue his judgement in due course. This is obviously speeding up the process and is good news for the clients.
In the Court of First Instance in Maspalomas there were two against Anfi, again no trial but issued after the preliminary hearings, the first was issued 1 month after and the second was issued in just 7 days. The clients are to receive over 112,000€ and 31,000€ respectively.
In the High Court in Tenerife, Silverpoint were on the receiving end with the order to return over 15,000€ to the client and the contract being declared null and void.
On 13 November, again after a pre-trial the judge ordered the return of over 23,000€ and a German client will receive back over 103,000€, both Anfi contracts have also been declared null and void.
Anfi once again have been on the receiving end of 2 more judgements at the Courts of First Instance in Maspalomas, the infringements of the timeshare laws were perpetuity and floating weeks. The first client has been awarded 0ver 53,000€ plus legal interest. In the second this client has been awarded over 45,000€ which includes double the deposit paid, plus legal fees and interest.
Another timeshare company was also ordered to repay over 36,000€ plus legal interest for a perpetuity contract. This contract with Puerto Calma was also declared null and void.
So there are some very happy ex-timeshare owners, who will be celebrating this week.
Canarian Legal Alliance also announced this week they have broken another record, they have received their 300th sentence against various timeshare companies so far this year, with still just under two months left to go. This is double the number they achieved last year and equates to more than 1 a day. The total amount awarded in these sentences is a staggering 10.8 Million Euros.
The Fairmont Dubai, Office 508, Sheik Zayed Road, Dubai, U.A.E.
With branches spread around the world and a network of International Lawyers who specialise in timeshare litigation, they are opening the doors to many more timeshare owners who are in need of specialist help. Obviously with the success of the Spanish lawyers it will not be long before we start to see this spread to success in other parts of the world.
Welcome to the start of another week with Inside Timeshare, we start this week with a press release from Canarian Legal Alliance and their ongoing court cases against the timeshare industry on behalf of their clients, along with news released late on Friday.
The Spanish Courts around the country are going to be very busy this week, in total CLA have 31 cases appearing before the courts, these are a mixture of pre-trial and full trial cases, that is an average of 6 trials per day. It now remains to be seen how many of these pre-trial judges will follow other courts and decide to issue judgements rather than send them for the full trial. If so this will certainly speed up the legal process.
On Friday, the news came in from the courts that Anfi had lost another 4 cases, 3 at the Courts of First Instance and 1 at the High Court. All contracts have been declared null and void. In total Anfi have been ordered to pay out over 100,000€.
In Tenerife, Silverpoint have also been on the receiving end of a High Court judgement, in this case, High Court Number 3 has reaffirmed the sentence of the Court of First Instance, after Silverpoint appealed. The judgement is that Silverpoint must pay out over 24,000€ plus legal interest along with the contract being declared null and void.
It was also announced that in the long running and ground breaking case at the Supreme Court, of Mrs Shirley Wilson versus Silverpoint, she finally has received her award into her bank account. You will remember from previous articles, her case was the first at Spain's Highest Court against Silverpoint, it took many years of appeals and counter appeals to get this case heard.
Eventually the Supreme Court declared her contract with Silverpoint null and void on the basis she was a consumer and her contract did not meet the requirement of Spanish Timeshare Law 42/98. This long running case was due to Silverpoint insisting that she had not purchased timeshare, but had "invested" in apartments and weeks for resale. This is the basis for many of the cases against Silverpoint, many hundreds of clients were duped into purchasing several weeks and apartments, which would then be placed on the "resale program".
As we know these "resales" never happened, the clients were told that what they had purchased was not selling, but to secure and save their "investment" they would need to upgrade to better quality apartments and weeks. This scheme went on for years, with many losing tens of thousands of pounds each. The vast majority of these clients were also given Barclay Partner Finance loans to pay for the purchases, all arranged by Silverpoint in conjunction with BPF, no doubt receiving huge commissions for the loan agreements.
Today we are seeing a similar scheme which is trying to circumvent the law, they call it "Company Participations", in essence the purchaser buys "participations in a "company" which is actually an apartment registered as such. Again there is the promise of profits to be made. But having seen the contracts, they are stacked against the purchaser and in favour of Silverpoint.
If you require any information on this ar any other timeshare matter, or just need to know if any company is genuine, then contact Inside Timeshare using our contact page.
Tomorrow in the Tuesday Slot, we will be publishing the article entitled "The Federal Trade Commission's How to File a Complaint Form", by our very own Irene Parker.


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Q: What ElasticSearch will do after a lost datanode come back I have a big ES cluster with config of shard replicate=2, one of the data nodes down(lost power) yesterday. I think the lost replicates have already been reproduced/Copied in the other nodes, So I'm wording that how ES would treat the lost shards/data when I put the lost node back to the cluster? Thanks!

A: When a node goes down all the shards that it hosted are shifted to "unassigned" state. Right now when the allocation algorithm for unassigned shards tries to assign them as quickly as possible. It makes some effort to balance them while it is allocating them but if the most balanced node is throttled then it'll just assign the shard to the next most balanced node. This causes it to assign all the shards super fast (good) but it can make the cluster quite unbalanced (bad).
I think a better set of "production" settings would say "do not re-allocate shards to other nodes when a node goes down".
It seems like cluster.routing.allocation.enable should have an additional option: recovery_and_new (this would still allow rebalancing). "Recovery" in this case would mean that shards can only be initialized on a node that already had them on it.
The assumption here is that the cluster has enough replication that losing a single replica is not such a large event that it is worth triggering a whole lot of network traffic and potentially causing other problems.
NOTE: For large deployments ES shard recovery after a node goes down or some networking event occurs seems to cause more problems than are necessary because all of the shards end up getting shuffled around the cluster and can cause other performance problems. Seems better to leave some replicas uninitialized until the nodes are alive again.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Although it's widespread, substance abuse and alcoholism in senior citizens can go overlooked. Perhaps due to a generational gap or the difficulty of detecting an issue in the presence of other medical conditions, the use of drugs and alcohol is by no means a problem distinct to younger folks.
Compounding with the issue of trying to isolate elderly drug abuse or alcoholism, many members of older generations disapprove of and shame those who may have an addiction. This can often discourage people from speaking up or reaching out for fear of ridicule.
The same can be said for an elderly sufferer of addiction's relatives – Ageism can contribute heavily to the way these matters are dealt with. It's somewhat of an unspoken yet widely understood assumption that senior drug and alcohol abuse is in less need of treatment. This is far from the truth.
With growing older come distinct changes in an individual's biomedical interaction with alcohol and other substances. Substance abuse is known to accelerate the normal physiological decline associated with old age. This can increase the risk of injury, illness, and socioeconomic status – things that are already issues for the elderly population.
If you or an elderly loved one has a substance abuse disorder or is struggling with alcoholism, it's not too late to get help. Schedule an appointment with your physician or doctor immediately so they can ensure the road to recovery is available.
Doctors will first take a complete medical history and ask about how much someone has been drinking or abusing a particular substance. They will want to know the quantity of the intake, and how much time has elapsed since the last instance of use. Patients must disclose as much information as possible in order to receive the proper treatment.
Next, a physical exam will identify any complicating medical conditions such as heart diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, infections, liver diseases, or nervous system impairment and pancreatitis. A blood test may also be ordered to measure one's complete blood count, electrolyte levels, and liver function.
For help and support, your doctor is likely to recommend outpatient rehabilitation for mild to moderately severe cases of elderly substance abuse. This type of treatment is most effective with a supportive network of friends and family. This type of rehabilitation is a safe choice and less expensive than inpatient detoxification in a hospital or other facility.
If you or an elderly loved one is suffering from mild drug or alcohol abuse, don't hesitate to schedule an appointment – severe cases should be treated as medical emergencies since seizures can set in as little as two hours after the last drink.
Regardless of the severity, drug and alcohol abuse in senior citizens is a critical risk to the health of the elderly population and can be prevented one person at a time through awareness and the proper medical attention.
How prevalent is addiction in the elderly community?
Findings from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism show that 20-30 percent of people ages 75 to 85 have experienced drinking problems and, according to the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, 3.6 percent of adults aged 60 to 64 report using an illicit drug.
If you are concerned that your loved one has an addiction problem consider these drug treatment programs for seniors.
What is an Elderly Rehabilitation Facility?
Is addiction prevalent in the elderly?
Why is senior substance abuse often misdiagnosed?
What are some other alternatives to rehab?
How prevalent is medication abuse in the senior 65+ community?
Persons aged 65 years and older comprise only 13 percent of the population, yet account for more than one-third of total outpatient spending on prescription medications in the United States. Older patients are more likely to be prescribed long-term and multiple prescriptions, and some experience cognitive decline, which could lead to improper use of medications. Alternatively, those on a fixed income may abuse another person's remaining medication to save money.
Prescription drug abuse in the elderly is more common than you think. If you believe your loved one is addicted to prescription drugs seek help immediately.
How prevalent are prescription drugs with seniors?
My father is currently in a senior rehabilitation center for substance abuse. What if he relapses?
Are there medications that can help me with addiction?
What are some signs of addiction I should look out for?


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Carriera
Interessato al nuovo sport del calcio, entrò come difensore nella  e, nel 1901, passò al , formando con Hans Heinrich Suter la terza linea dell'undici titolare che il 5 maggio 1901 vinse a Genova contro il  il primo scudetto della storia rossonera.

Dopo questo successo lasciò le scene calcistiche. Tornò ad avere che fare col pallone nel 1906, durante un viaggio di lavoro in Portogallo, quando conobbe José Monteiro da Costa, l'uomo che si stava occupando di rifondare il  dopo molti anni di inattività. Entrato a far parte della nuova compagine, si ritrovò ad essere subito il giocatore più esperto della rosa e per questo si prese l'incarico di guidare i compagni in campo. È perciò considerato il primo allenatore nella storia del .

Palmarès

Calciatore

Club

Competizioni nazionali

Milan: 1901

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Madam Secretary Season 4 Episode 21 Review: Protocol
Elizabeth Harlow at May 14, 2018 5:22 am .
Action scenes are so boring.
At least they are when I don't care one lick about any of the people shooting or being shot. Madam Secretary Season 4 Episode 21 could have saved some money and cut the scenes at the dam with the commandos and I'd have been perfectly happy.
Every time those action scenes pop up, I feel like the show is having an identity crisis.
I don't usually approve of telling people "stay in your lane" because it is perfectly possible for a person or organization to go through life occupying more than one space.
But Madam Secretary never done the action/adventure/thriller thing as well as it has political drama. And the production team and writers just need to stick with what they're good at.
Related: Enjoy UNLIMITED access to thousands of Movies & TV Shows with Amazon Prime Video!
There were a lot of things to love about "Protocol" but inflitrating that dam wasn't one of them.
Really, sometimes it's okay to tell instead of show -- maybe instead of giving Dalton a report after the fact, he and Russell and Bess could have been watching from the Sit room.
But let's focus on the good. Because there was some first rate plotting and counterplotting going on between the team at State and the players in the Turkish government.
You're going to have to reach back into the recesses of your memory to find the real inspiration for the Turkish coup. All the way back to 2016...remember 2016? When there was one news story a week instead of one a day an hour?
Much like the show's depiction, the real coup was short lived and unsuccessful and led to some really serious purges throughout the country.
When properly motivated, the United States always has a say.
Kozlu
Permalink: When properly motivated, the United States always has a say.
One fact that didn't make it into the fictional depiction was that President Erdogan of Turkey (President Kozlu on TV) blamed the coup on an ex-pat living in Pennsylvania.
I know things are moving towards instability with Russia after the air strike in retaliation for the strike on the Kurds, but that would be an interesting aspect to add in. Just one more layer to the breakdown of relations.
Elizabeth [pointing at a pastry]: To be clear, that's the last I wanna see of that today.
Blake: No purse muffin?!
Permalink: No purse muffin?!
Elizabeth was on fire with her diplomatic insights. She's usually good, of course, but this was like watching her play a chess match while also having to explain to everyone around her what chess even is.
Which I guess doesn't say a lot for some of the people that she works with but was a great way to show that she's ready for even more leadership responspibilites.
Maybe if she'd pay as much attention to domestic politics as she does international relations, she'd stop getting her ass kicked so easily by Morejon all the time.
Related: Get CBS Al Access via Prime Video Channels to enjoy Exclusive Originals, Hit Shows, & Live TV!
What's the point of Stevie in this intern position? Yeah, obviously, it gives the eldest McCord an excuse to hang around DC and live at home, but what is she really getting out of this internship?
Tasking your intern to greet you with coffee is bad enough, but giving them idiotic (personal) projects like finding something other than yoga or mediation to unstress you isn't on the up and up.
Russell: I don't need to ask what the meaning of life is, because I already know.
Henry: You do? Well, hey, I'm all ears.
Russell: Be good to the people you love, work hard at the things you care about.
Henry: Well, that's great, except it's killing you.
Permalink: Well, that's great, except it's killing you.
It's supposed to be a learning experience after all.
I did like the back and forth between Russell and Henry, even if the roundabout way we got there was dumb. If Russell wants to be the one to put Elizabeth in the White House, he's going to need to get to know the potential first husband better anyway.
Here's a question: If Elizabeth is going to run for president, as we're all sure she's going to do, where does the future of the rest of the staff lie?
Blake is being encouraged to explore his options beyond being an executive assistant, but he hasn't really found a fit anywhere yet.
Blake: You're still planning to fire me in six months?
Elizabeth: I fire because I love. Move up or move out, Blake.
Permalink: I fire because I love. Move up or move out, Blake.
Granted, we've only seen him explore protocol and policy, and the "policy" work he did was more event planning than sitting around and writing a series of white papers and proposals and planning on how to implement carbon free energy in the US.
So will campaign work be to Blake's liking? Will the rest of the staff make the transition to the campaign and then, presumably, to the White House?
Of course, every one's going to have to make it through the impending nuclear war disaster on Madam Secretary Season 4 Episode 22 ("Night Watch") before we worry about campign jobs and White House appointments.
With Madam Secretary Season 5 being a lock, obviously everybody is going to survive. Unless Russell has another heart attack from the stress of it all or something.
The real drama is going to be the debate over whether or not Dalton should make a retalitory strike before any US targets are actually hit. Even if the broad strokes of how this will play out are obvious, it's still going to be a fantastic finale.
Related: Cancellation Scorecord 2017-2018: Which Shows Got Cut?
So what did you think of "Protocol?" If not in protocol, where do you think Blake should end up? Are you digging Henry's more laid back roll? Was all the fuss about Russell finding God or at least a hobby foreshadowing or a fat load of nothing?
Share your thoughts in the comments section below! And remember, you can watch Madam Secretary online with us anytime, anywhere!
13 Ultra Cool TV Moms We Admire
Protocol Review
Editor Rating: 3.7 / 5.0
Elizabeth Harlow was a staff writer for TV Fanatic. She left the organization in October 2018.
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Reliable Contracting Earns Two NAPA Diamond Achievement Commendations
Reliable Contracting has earned NAPA's prestigious Diamond Achievement Commendation for Excellence in Asphalt Plant/Site Operations and the Diamond Achievement Sustainable Commendation.
On June 18, 2019, the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) released a press statement announcing their recognition of Reliable Contracting for the operation of their Waugh Chapel Plant in Gambrills, Maryland. Reliable Contracting has earned NAPA's prestigious Diamond Achievement Commendation for Excellence in Asphalt Plant/Site Operations and the Diamond Achievement Sustainable Commendation. Both commendations highlight Reliable's dedication to supporting the community and minimizing the negative environmental impact of construction and asphalt operations.
Diamond Achievement Commendation for Excellence in Plant/Site Operations
The first commendation recognizes Reliable's commitment to excellence in community relations and responsible asphalt operations. The Waugh Chapel Plant, Reliable's own asphalt production plant, was assessed in five different areas before being awarded this commendation. These five areas are environmental practices, safety, operations, appearance, and community relations, and NAPA's commendation affirms Reliable's dedication to high performance and constant improvement in these areas at the Waugh Chapel Plant.
Diamond Achievement Sustainable Commendation
The Diamond Achievement Sustainable Commendation is an honor that is only available to recipients of the Diamond Achievement Commendation, and it underscores Reliable's commitment to using sustainable practices in operation and production. The Waugh Chapel Plant's practices were assessed in terms of their environmental, economic, and social impact. The fact that NAPA conferred this honor reaffirms Reliable's commitment to using green construction practices and reducing the impact of asphalt production and construction on local ecosystems.
Reliable's Dedication to Serving the Community and Reducing Negative Environmental Impact
NAPA Chairman John Harper said, "Earning the Diamond Achievement Commendation … clearly demonstrates a commitment to excellence with a community focus." For those familiar with Reliable, these words ring true. Most recently, Reliable employees collaborated with the Anne Arundel Workforce Development Corporation (AAWDC). Reliable Contracting has a long history of supporting local causes and organizations such as The Providence Center, Waugh Chapel area schools, Maryland Therapeutic Riding, Cheryl's Rescue Ranch, the Chesapeake Conservancy, and more.
In addition to supporting their community, Reliable has a history of making eco-friendly construction practices a priority. By using sustainable construction practices in various projects and helping optimize stormwater management systems, Reliable is working hard to keep Maryland green.
Tags: awards and recognition, diamond awards, NAPA, NAPA Diamond Achievement Commendation, Reliable Contracting
This entry was posted on Friday, July 5th, 2019	at 5:31 pm	and is filed under Reliable Contracting . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


The Sacred Valley is rich with agriculture, creating a lovely patchwork of fields. I believe much of this is Amaranth, a specialty of the San Salvidor area and a super-ancient gluten-free grain of the Andean region (cultivated for over 8000 years according to Wikipedia). It used to be cultivated far more in Incan times than is used today.


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Home » Events » i Light Singapore
i Light Singapore
i Light Singapore is the leading sustainable light art festival of Asia.
This unique light art festival displays many innovative and creative installations, many of which utilise recycled materials, created by artists from Singapore and abroad.
i Light Singapore 2023 Dates, Light Art Festival & Map, Marina Bay
This event has been held annually for three weeks since 2010 and is now one of Singapore's signature festivals.
The installations are placed around the stunning Marina Bay; a truly iconic landmark of the country. In line with the theme of sustainability, there will also be a series of workshops and talks tackling important earth issues throughout the festival.
Visitors can walk through the installations and have photos taken with any of them. It's a family-friendly event, and kids are welcome.
The festival will also showcase a range of attractions around the installations, such as a playground for kids, carnival games, twinkling lights, and much more.
Admission to the festival is free for all. The installations will be lit up every day from 7:30pm to 11pm, and on Fridays and Saturdays, festival hours are extended to midnight.
i Light Singapore Images & Photos
i Light Singapore, Singapore Current Weather Now & 7 Day Forecast
Rochor WEATHER
i Light Singapore Information & Details
02 June 2023 to 25 June 2023
Multiple locations around Marina Bay, the Civic District, Singapore River and Fort Canning
Downtown Core, Singapore
i Light Singapore Area, Street & Hotel Map, Singapore
Frequently Asked Questions About i Light Singapore
What date is the i Light Singapore?
02 June 2023" to "25 June 2023
Please visit our website for more information on the i Light Singapore.
What time is the i Light Singapore?
Where is the i Light Singapore located?
What is the i Light Singapore address?
Multiple locations around Marina Bay, the Civic District, Singapore River and Fort Canning, Downtown Core, Singapore
What are the i Light Singapore entry prices?
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The aim of the World Association of Basketball Coaches (WABC) is to improve the standard of the game through improving the standard of those teaching the game. Therefore, the core activities of the WABC is dedicated to the basketball coaches' development throughout the world which includes, among other activities, the organization of multiple coaching clinics worldwide as well as the production of coaching resources in several languages. In addition, the WABC is engaged in creating and developing a worldwide basketball coaches' community, which is already composed by thousands of high level coaches from all countries around the world, with the purpose of creating a platform supporting the basketball coaches' development through the exchange of knowledge. The WABC is also highly active in providing input and advice regarding playing and coaching standards and trends to the FIBA Technical Commission, thanks to the WABC Advisory Committee which is composed by current or former National or Head Coaches who have had exposure to international coaching or worked with players who have competed in international competition. All activities of the WABC are endorsed by and organized through FIBA (International Basketball Federation), the world governing organization.


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Rattray's On Malamala – Mala Mala Private Game Reserve
We were privileged to stay at Mala Mala for six nights (September 10-16), one night at the main camp and five nights at Rattrays. The game viewing was exceptional, made very accessible and fascinating by knowledgeable and experienced guides. We were very fortunate to be paired with Joe at the main camp and Mike at Rattrays. Can't say enough about how good the guides were! Tracking the animals, off-road driving, knowledge of animal behavior, care for security and comfort of their passengers, and sense of best camera angles: all first-rate. Mala Mala is known for its big cats, and we were fortunate to be able to spend extended time with lions, leopards, and a skittish cheetah. Also saw herds of elephants and Cape buffalo, as well as smaller groups of rhinos, zebras, and giraffes. Not to mention numerous Impala, Nyala, kudu, etc. We were thrilled to be right in the midst of a pack of wild dogs, a rare occurrence. Staff were very friendly and efficient and perfect for a stay at an upscale private game reserve. The food was very tasty, with wide variety for different tastes. All in all, an outstandingly good time!
Rattray's at Mala Mala was highly recommended and was our favorite game reserve for accommodations and the range of wildlife we saw over the 5 safaris we were on at Mala Mala. We saw the Big Five the first day we were there plus numerous other wildlife. Wildlife was plentiful and always right next to you. Our driver/guide was superb and could track animals right through the thicket. We drove right up to animals and right through herds of buffalo, Impala, Kudu, elephants, giraffes, rhino, prides of lions, leopards, warthogs, and numerous other species of antelopes and birds. We have some absolutely fantastic wildlife pictures up close and intimate. Accommodations at Rattray's was top line all the way (only 8 individual suites in the camp). Our suite, #2, over looked the river where a herd of elephants were right out our back patio when we arrived. Food was very good, diverse, and plentiful at each meal (all meals were included in the price).
Rattray's is a great camp to see the Big Five and wildlife in South Africa – we were there for our honeymoon and had such a fabulous time! It was our favorite camp (of the luxury lodges we visited) not only because of the animals and wildlife we've seen but also because of the people (guides), lodging and overall experience. We saw the Big Five multiple times, and were also able to see actions (lion prowl, lion kill, wild dog hunt, leopard eating its kill, etc). The rangers there were wonderful – they have such great camaraderie among themselves and it was really fun going out with them. If one of the rangers sees something, he'd call for others to join but only 3 vehicles are allowed at a single sighting so at no time would you feel swamped by other people.Our ranger Michael is knowledgeable, accommodating, considerate and passionate about wildlife, which made our experience so perfect everyday we spent at Rattray's. We were able to get very close to the animals yet always feel safe and did not sacrifice the comfort and luxury. We were also able to see many animals even from our house and definitely had a great time at Rattray's!Mala Mala also has a main camp and another camp called Sable, but we'd highly recommend Rattray's for the great guides and the overall experience. It is exclusive, luxurious, but you also have a sense of community.
Most wonderful experience of a lifetime!
Elena Wright
Rattray's is One of the very best. From your personal safety to the accommodations, & food, . My ranger Roan was one of the best I've had. But seemingly all of The Rangers at Mala Mala are very knowledgeable , and very capable to try to fulfill your wishes. I traveled with my adult son..
We went to Rattray's in August to celebrate both our 20th anniversary and my husband's birthday, and it did not disappoint. Everyone who worked there was friendly and professional, our kaya (cottage) was beautiful and spacious, and our safaris out to see the animals were thrilling and and fun. Our kaya: We stated in Unit #4 and it was gorgeous. Our bedroom, which featured a king-size bed, had 2 bathrooms, 1 with a tub, 1 with a shower. We had 2 closets with ample space for clothing and suitcase storage. We had a small refrigerator which the staff stocks with beverages of your choice (note they do charge for sodas). There is a small pool outside but it was too cold to go into. The best part of the kaya was that it sits on a river, which in August was nearly dried up; nearly, but not completely. We spent one afternoon watching a herd of 13 elephants walking by and swimming in the water, which left us awestruck. The food: we thought the food was delicious. Breakfast is a buffet, and you have the option of ordering a hot dish as well. We had eggs and bacon and pancakes and they were terrific. Lunch is also buffet style with 2 entree choices, salads, and a vegetarian entree. For dinner there 3 or 4 entree options, again always a vegetarian option, plus the meal started with a soup (the butternut squash and cinnamon soup was absolutely delicious!). For my husband's birthday one night the staff made him a cake then sang and danced for him for about 10 minutes, it was a lot of fun. Safari: there is a morning safari (6:30 am – 9am) and an afternoon safari (3:30-7pm). We saw lots of animals on both safaris including lions, leopards, rhinos, elephants, zebras, ostrich, and even wild dogs. Our safari guide Fritz was absolutely determined to find the animals we wanted to see. He is very knowledgeable about all the animals as well as the area and its history. The area was dry at this time but still quite beautiful in its own way. This was a wonderful trip, I can't say enough wonderful things about Rattray's. One suggestion: when you book, request to be paired in your jeep and at meals with another couple from your country. We were paired with an Italian couple, and while they were very nice, there was a language barrier, and it was difficult to talk about all the wonderful things we saw on safari.


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[Philippines x Taiwan] ~ Airport (Mis)adventures | I am no travel planner.
One of the many things I am particular about when traveling is getting to the airport with more than enough time than advised. In anticipation of the worst, in most cases I do arrive even before the check-in counters open. Naturally then, that was the game plan on that day.
Upon arrival at the airport, I was welcomed with this sight of a terribly long line for check-in. Of course I hated the waiting, but since I knew I was early and all I had to do is move quick after checking in, I was not as worried.
The real horror happened though when I was right at the counter when the ground crew asked for the credit card I used to buy the ticket. That was the first time that that happened to me and it could have been a non-issue except that what I used for the transaction is an e-shopping card that's linked to my actual credit card – and that is quietly sitting in one of my drawers at home. I explained and discussed alternatives with the crew – like calling my bank so they can verify the connection between the two accounts. But that was not acceptable.
I had to choice but to go back home then, wasting my almost an hour of waiting in line. As I was about to leave, I could hear a group of friends talking to someone on the phone asking them to bring the card to the airport. I was not alone, apparently. A key difference though is that they have someone at home who can bring them what they need.
I did some mental calculation and though really tight that chances are I would be at the counter as it closes, I decided to go back at my studio to get it. On my way home, I was feeling emotional I was quietly crying while on my way back to airport, I was more in 'let's-accept-this-and-just-think-alternatives' mode. I told the driver I was in a hurry but in this scenario, it was traffic situation that's king and with all the construction happening at the airport road then, well, you kind of know what will be ending to this story.
Counter was closed when I arrived. I asked around and was told to go to the airline's ticketing office to ask for options. While I was at their office, I could hear my flight's last call for boarding. Boohoo. Okay a reminder for my day gone wrong. More mishap when I learned that there was no other flight that day. Worse, I had another flight with another airline the next morning – a flight had gone through several date changes already.
I was feeling so bad and losing hope that I almost gave up on this trip. This was the Holy Week in the Philippines so I was expecting most flights to be fully booked, if not really extra expensive. However, I thought of all the fighting I had to for this trip so giving up is not an option.
The minute I passed by the final security check, I knew I deserve some beer. Luckily, there was a quiet cafe on my way to the boarding gate. I thought to self – finally something good happening today.
I arrived in Taipei at night and had to spend the rest of it before my early morning flight to Okinawa the following day. Luckily, it is that kind of airport friendly to passengers like me.
Initially it was just the free fast wifi that I liked (because yes, I rely too much on the Internet to ease boredom) but while walking around, I discovered fun walls, this mini-museum of quirky mixed media sculptures and various themed lounges.
I've read somewhere that there is popular gate in this airport inspired by Hello Kitty. My walk that night, however, led me to discovering other equally interesting themed gates – each of which almost empty I could just choose which ones to sleep in.
It was about 5AM when I went down to my actual boarding gate.
Then it was all snooze as soon I step on the plane.


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How do I open a Twitter account? You go to https://twitter.com and follow the instructions.
What do I do if I fall out with Gladys and want to stop her getting my tweets? You go to her profile and can block it so you do not see her tweets and she does not get yours.
I want to follow Stephen Fry, because everybody seems to. What do I do? You would type his name into Twitters search bar (located at the top of the page) and as he is well known he is likely to be at the top of the list, you would then follow the same procedure as Gladys did to follow you.
Can I send him a joke I just made up? Yes, you can send him absolutely anything, pictures, video's and articles for example, however, he's never guaranteed to reply.
I also want to follow the BBC, Private Eye, Noah and the Whale, and Racing Post. What do I do? Again, you would use Twitters search bar to search for them.
Wow, look at all this stuff that's arrived. What do I do with it? What you are looking at is your timeline, you can read and reply to any of the tweets on here, 'retweeting' and 'favouriting' is also a kind gesture towards the tweeter.
Who has time to read all this? What on earth is Twitter for? In the old days, you went looking for the news. Now with social media, the news you want finds you. All you have to do is say what interests you, and it will come to you.
I have been a life-long Spurs supporter; are they on Twitter? Yes, and you will again follow the same procedure to follow them. Often people will make fake/parody accounts for celebrities and football clubs for example, so look for the little blue tick next to their username; this shows the account is verified and therefore authentic.
Hey, here's a tweet from Gladys saying she thinks Nigel Farage is wonderful. How do I tell her what I think? You are given an option to reply, write it out and press 'reply'.
So I follow UKIP and if I tweet, will they get my tweet? No, because you are following them but they are not following you. However, if you tag @UKIP in your tweet: 'I want to know what @UKIP's policy is on rubbish collection' they may or may not reply. However, if you don't put the'@' sign before 'UKIP' they will not directly receive your tweet.
What is a hash tag? It is a catalyst for a conversation: so if you put in #footballtransfers or #andymurray in your tweet for example, anybody who searches #footballtransfers or #andymurray (even if they don't follow you) will be able to see it and can reply to it.
What are my options when someone tweets me? You have three options; reply, favourite and retweet. To favourite a tweet you would simply click the little yellow star underneath the tweet and this will be listed in your 'Favourites' section which is also listed on your profile. You can retweet a tweet in the same way, however, this time clicking the arrows creating a circle. When you retweet somebody's tweet, that tweet will then appear on all of your follower's timeline, whether they follow the person that originally tweeted it or not.
I see a tweet from Joe, and I want to tell him I disagree. What do I do? Click on reply and tell him what you think!
I want to find people to follow, what do I do? Again, you can either search for specific people in twitters search bar or alternatively there is a 'who to follow' tab which provides a random list of 'popular' people, normally high profile celebrities or people involved in major recent events. Also, twitter now provides categories so you can find your favourite singer in the 'Music' category for example.
So what's the point of Twitter?
Find us on Twitter by clicking this link!


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Betternet VPN
Mudfish VPN
UFC Free Stream – Top 8 Websites to Watch UFC Free
By Joel Reginald
There is a lot to love in UFC fights. From the rush of adrenaline that courses through your veins when the umpire takes the stage to welcome the fighters to the silent and palpable thrill that builds with every punch and kick from your preferred fighter. You can almost always feel disappointment when the fighters go to the ground.
With a UFC fight pass, you might be allowed to participate in the glory of UFC events. This is where knowing how to stream UFC for free comes into play.
The internet is riddled with solutions to many common problems, and MMA fight streaming sites are among them. You are not alone on your quest to save a few coins while catching your favorite UFC event.
If you have any experience trying to find UFC 272 free streams, then you know how tedious it can be to navigate them. Unfortunately, everything is never completely free.
If you want to know how to watch UFC pay-per-view for free, you must master your website navigation skills to avoid the common pitfalls of redirects and advertisements. Lucky for you, we took the time to search for the best sites to show UFC live streams free online.
How to Stream UFC Free
Avoid Geo-Restrictions on UFC Fights Through a Reputable VPN
What are the Benefits of Using a VPN Server to Stream UFC?
Be Wary of the Ads and Redirects
Top Free Websites for Live Streaming
1. BT Sport
2. HD Streamz
3. First Row Sports
4. Sport Lemon
5. From HOTs
6. Acho TV
7. Fight Live
Best Sites for Paid Live Streams
1. Watching UFC PPV Events
2. ESPN Live Stream
3. Disney Bundle
Where Can I Stream UFC Fights for Free?
Can You Live Stream UFC for Free?
Is ESPN UFC Free?
As mentioned earlier, several potholes will have you going in circles while trying to watch UFC 265 live streams free online. However, there are tried and tested tactics that will save you time and effort when trying to find your way to high-quality streaming services.
You are ready for the epic clash between the heavyweights of the UFC arena. You have friends with you, and you are prepared to stream UFC.
Unfortunately, on trying to access your favorite website broadcasting UFC streams, you stare at an error message on the screen that reads, "The site's owner has denied you access." More often than not, that website might no longer be available in your country.
What do you do? You don't give up on watching a free live stream of a UFC fight tonight, that's what
You turn on a Virtual Private Network (VPN server) and go back to watch UFC. Not only do VPNs help you work around geo-restrictions, but also, they allow you to stream UFC matches with peace of mind as your information is kept safe from malicious software or hackers.
The internet is a convenient tool but is in no way completely safe. Numerous hackers are prying on unsuspecting victims who might be trying to watch their favorite UFC events.
Whether you're looking for free movie websites or are only in it for UFC fights, a good VPN provider will ensure that your private information is kept safe by providing you with dedicated IP addresses.
Additionally, if you choose to stream UFC fights from the numerous complimentary websites on the internet, ads come as part of the package. A VPN with an inbuilt ad blocker like Express VPN will help minimize the advertisements allowing you to cruise straight for the action.
The best VPN providers on the market are NordVPN and Expressvpn. Both have excellent safety features but still, save you a few bucks.
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It would help if you were wary of advertisements and redirection attempts to live stream fights. Every click on the website might lead you down a rabbit hole that eventually terminates somewhere you don't need to be.
Check on the website URL and ensure it matches the button you clicked on. If not, cancel the search and try again.
Now we can finally get into the real reason why you're here. If you need a UFC live stream tonight for free, these websites are bound to make your day or night in this case.
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If you are looking for the opportunity to watch light heavyweight champions such as Jared Gordon, or world champions like Conor McGregor, then the following websites are bound to float your boat.
BT Sport is the heart of mixed martial arts and hundreds of other live events. If you are trying to catch superstars like Max Holloway in action, this website is where you need to be.
The website provides you with invaluable information, such as the winning history of a fighter and several other relevant statistics. In the long run, this will help you save time searching for information related to sports content.
The website also features an easy-to-use site map and interactive user interface that is mainly ad-free, making it ideal for those without experience dodging ads or those that hate the inconvenience.
All the MMA live streams have options for HD streams. Unique to BT, you can access exclusive videos such as interviews, backstage banter, and title replays that knock your socks off.
HD Streamz is a sports and entertainment powerhouse that, for decades, has been the go-to website for all UFC fans and die-hard MMA lovers.
The website features a picturesque lilac background, making cruising through the pool of channels relatively easy. HD Streamz has various channels that host sports events, including Sky Sports, Supersport, and BT Sports.
With HD Streamz, you can access several sports events, not just UFC, which is a bonus for those with diverse interests. A reliable internet service provider is all you need to unlock this world of infinite high-quality combat sports.
As the name suggests, First row sports gives you front-row access to free UFC streams that rival the T mobile arena in Las Vegas.
Made by sports fans for sports fans, the website is dedicated to helping you find links with the fewest number of clicks possible.
First row sports offers constantly updated information on upcoming fights, with ties being updated up to three minutes before the game preventing you from stumbling into dead ends.
The site operators guarantee that First Row Sports remains free, and the website plays host to multiple MMA streams throughout the UFC calendar.
The website is easy to use as the links to various websites are organized conveniently in clusters. First Row Sports boasts access to thousands of links to many mainstream UFC matches.
Not much is said about this website; similarly, not much is known, but if you can navigate through the numerous advertisements with an ad blocker, you are in for a treat at Sport Lemon.
In tandem with the diversity of other websites with live streams, sport lemon features multiple sports across an extensive network.
Due to its anonymity, there are fewer ads than would be found on other websites putting it at the pinnacle of the best sites for streaming UFC content. The user interface is relatively easy to navigate, but you may have to click on a link several times before you get where you need to be.
Overall, it remains a decent place to watch Jose Aldo in the main event of the ultimate fighting championship.
HOTs belongs to a cluster of websites that thrives on anonymity. If you watch UFC fights on the internet, you must have come across a secure website while cruising the internet.
Unfortunately, delivering high-quality UFC streams is not exactly by the book. Occasionally, some websites are shut down for copyright claims.
HOTs navigates this legal minefield through an ingenious solution. They do not host their own sports content on the website but instead provide links to external high-quality streaming sites that allow you to catch your favorite UFC fight in HD.
To stream UFC events, you need a steady internet connection and access to Acho TV. If you know your languages, you might have already picked up that Acho is a Spanish Website. The website might need translating at first, but once you understand the writing, you have immediate access to free UFC streaming straight from the source.
Acho TV boasts direct access to UFC streams from the official UFC channel. The website has minimal but straightforward advertisements minus the hassle of constant redirections.
Acho Tv is available both on PC and mobile devices such as your tablet, giving you unlimited access even on the go.
Acho is also available on iOS devices, but you might need to install Adobe Flash player if you choose to watch from your computer.
Fight Live is perfect if you want a website exclusive to MMA streams. Playing host to fight night for several decades, fight live has gone largely undiscovered for just as long. Only authentic fans used to go to Fight Live for fight night live streaming.
The website is nothing short of spectacular straight from the display to the ease of navigation. A convenient pop-up gives you updates on upcoming matches, including the time and link for live streams. Fight Live also has a search function that allows you to look for a specific game without sifting through multiple sports links.
YouTube is already well known as a streaming platform for millions of hours of video, and it remains the go-to platform for people trying to watch UFC. YouTube allows you to get in on the action of fight night through hundreds of hours of sports streaming.
UFC has an official channel on YouTube that has several short clips on all the crucial moments in UFC history, along with more clips on its present through different UFC channels by other people. To make the most of YouTube, you must stay on the site.
Sometimes watching UFC for free in high quality is out of the question. Important matches like the light heavyweight title event are broadcast under lock and key.
You could try your luck trying to watch UFC for free on the websites above, or you can skip to the good parts by streaming a UFC fight on a paid site.
If you are on this page, you are only looking to spend a little of your hard-earned money to watch UFC, which is why the best sites listed below are relatively cheap.
UFC is a subsidiary of American MMA in charge of marketing. On the UFC calendar are several epic showdowns, and you might get a fight pass by paying for a PPV event.
Provided by ESPN, a PPV fight pass allows you to catch epic takedowns and submissions ad-free. PPV events have been at the forefront of UFC streaming for those that might have yet to have the opportunity to watch UFC from the Las Vegas strip.
An ESPN subscription is a powerful tool in the world of sports. Once you have access to ESPN channels, you can carry your access with you from your mobile devices. A simple ESPN bundle grants you access to watch all UFC events from anywhere in the world with the help of Express VPN or Nord VPN.
You can do more than watch free movies from your Disney subscription. A Disney bundle lets you watch select UFC matches and several other free streams.
It doesn't hurt that you also have thousands of hours of entertainment at your fingertips so you can kill two birds with one stone.
Several other streaming sites let you watch UFC for free without a fight pass. A few notable mentions are fire tv and or buying a UFC 282 ticket for the ultimate fight night experience. The internet is packed full of streaming sites, and you don't need to be in Las Vegas to get in on the action of a UFC fight.
Here are some of the most common questions about watching the UFC for free
You can stream UFC matches from websites such as Sports Lemon, Acho Tv, and HD Streamz. However, you need a reliable VPN to remove unwanted ads and keep your information safe.
You can stream UFC for free from multiple streaming platforms over the internet. You only need a good internet connection and a reliable website with links to UFC fights.
Unfortunately, at the moment, UFC on ESPN is not free. However, ESPN offers competitive pricing and access to several sports and exclusive content straight from UFC with an all-access UFC fight pass to help you make fight night memorable.
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