Not many know my fetish obsession for Italian food. Even fewer know that I actually love to cook Italian food! Lasagna is a perfect meal for a heart that loves pasta. Perfectly Italian! And what a better way to treat yourself if it's a home-made lasagna pasta! For a pasta lover like me, I had been waiting to try my hands at preparing this delight for long.
Videojug.com is one of the websites that has great videos, step-by-step procedures and clear explanation of how to go about stuffs. It covers cuisines all over the world. I could never imagine of making pasta at home without a pasta-maker had I not come across this video online on Videojug.com to make pasta at home. I want to thank videojug for sharing the recipe in an easy way. I followed it the way they showed and it came out wonderful. Fresh pasta - all made at home! I opted using oil instead of eggs. I think you should definitely watch the video. It's brilliant!
It's not very easy to get a lasagna sheet here in India. Few big malls do have it I suppose. But since the demand is quite low, they usually stocks old products which are about to expire. After all the futile efforts of looking for good lasagna sheets, I decided to make the lasagna sheets at home. It was not as difficult as I expected it would be. The sheets came out perfectly well, so did the sauce and my veggies. The outcome was good and beyond my expectations! My only complaint, I wish I had an oven that could heat to higher temperatures. It seems to take ages for the cheese to brown :( Infact, I ran out of patience and removed it before it could brown well. Anyways, it came out so rich, creamy and cheesy that my husband insisted that I should serve this when we have guests over the weekend.
I have made Lasagna a couple of times. The sauce and fillings can vary. Freshly prepared tomato sauce with mixed herbs, readily available pasta sauce, white sauce, etc can be used in combination. Use as varied veggies like aubergines/brinjals, colored peppers, mushrooms, spinach, tomatoes, zucchini, carrots, baby corn, cauliflower, etc. I opted for a simple one with a combo of mushroom and capsicum as it goes best with white sauce. My favorite however is Spinach Lasagna where cooked spinach and cream are added between layers of Lasagna along with these veggies.
Make a mound on the counter with the flour and create a well in the center. Add the salt and oil. Start pouring in the water slowly, mixing with your fingers between each addition. Add enough water to bring the flour together in a ball. Begin to knead the dough using more dough until it is smooth. At this point the dough should be a stiff dough (slightly more stiffer than). Wrap in plastic and let sit 20 minutes before rolling.
To roll, take a 6 inch ball of dough and place on a lightly floured surface. Begin to roll into a flat disc. Roll from front to back, turning the dough clockwise about 1/4 turn after every few rolls of the pin. Once the dough is stretched and is thin enough for your hand to be seen through, it's done. Cut into rectangles depending on the size of you baking sheets. Cut into rectangular slices of 8x12 cms each. I cut mine to a single 12" x 12" sheet as that was the size of my baking dish. Commercially available lasagna sheets are smaller rectangular stripes.
Melt the butter in a heavy saucepan over a low heat and stir in the flour and saute until the mixture darkens slightly (about 1/2 min). Gradually pour in the warm milk, stirring continuously until the sauce is smooth and begins to thicken. Reduce the heat and stir until it boils. Stir constantly as it tends to settle and burn at the bottom if unattended even for a minute. Heat until the sauce thickens to a thick-custard consistency (about 5 mins). Season with salt and pepper. Mix in grated cheddar/Parmesan cheese.
Saute a cup of capsicum and mushroom on medium heat for about 10 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.
In an oven-proof dish start layering with lasagna sheets, followed by a layer of vegetable mixture, followed by white sauce, some lasagna sheets again, another layer of veggies, followed by the cheese sauce, then another layer of lasagna sheets followed by the remaining veggies and then the remaining cheese sauce. Top with grated cheddar and Parmesan cheese. Bake in oven at 180 C for about 30 mins or till the top cheesy layer browns.
You may wonder why I have used raw pasta sheets instead of the cooked ones. If the pasta is pre-cooked and baked, the lasagna may turn out quite wet and soggy. But if the raw pasta sheet is used, it absorbs some moisture from the veggies and sauce and cooks while being baked. The resulting pasta will retain it's shape and make it easier to cut. Otherwise home-made pasta sheet requires less than 3-4 mins to be cooked in boiling water. The best method to serve lasagna is to cool it for about 5 minutes after removing from the oven. Once the top layer is cool, it makes it easier to cut them into pieces without creating a mess. Serve hot with salads or as is. A treat to the taste buds! Loved every bit of it.... so cheesy... cheesy... creamy!
This inspired me to try making lasagna from scratch, which I had never done before, thinking it was too complicated, but this was so quick, easy and so enjoyable...i modified the filling from another recipe as well but this was a winner and have bookmarked it for life! Felt so happy and proud of myself at the end result...thanks Mallika for yet another keeper of a recipe!
Thanks Karishma for your kind words. Glad you tried this recipe and loved its results. Thanks for your feedback!


SDOC kicked off the NOW (Nurturing Oconee's Workforce) program earlier this month at BorgWarner in Seneca. This week, the select NOW participants made a workplace visit to Just Aircraft in Walhalla. Just Aircraft specializes in the design and manufacture of STOL light aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction and complete ready-to-fly light-sport aircraft.
The NOW students were led on a tour of the facility by manager Pierce (Buddy) Bargeron and Jack Kesler, an aircraft builder. The tour led the students through the entire process of building the aircraft and highlighted the technical skills needed to perform certain jobs in the process.
The state's profile of the South Carolina graduate has identified many skills and abilities as essential for success in the new economy. The mission of SDOC's NOW program is to identify and develop these world-class skills and characteristics.
The Skills identified during this visit were creativity and innovation. Students were able to see engineering, welding and machining from a whole new perspective.
The highlight of the tour was when Troy Woodland, a Just Aircraft partner, took off on site and showed the students what the planes look like in action.
The NOW program is a joint partnership between the School District of Oconee County and the Oconee Economic Alliance. The NOW inaugural class consists of 30 juniors attending local SDOC high schools, 10 from each high school, who were selected through an application and nomination process.
NOW is unique to Oconee County, as students are able to participate in monthly off-campus meetings that address advanced employment skills. NOW is the SDOC/OEA's joint venture aimed at addressing the skills gap that exists within our current workforce.


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Home Music Live Reviews
July 27, 2016 12:55PM ET
Radiohead Bring the Fear in Triumphant U.S. Return
Band balances gripping 'A Moon Shaped Pool' tracks with back-catalog surprises at Madison Square Garden
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Radiohead's Madison Square Garden set on Tuesday leaned heavily on their gorgeous new album 'A Moon Shaped Pool.'
Sacha Lecca for Rolling Stone
One of the big payoffs in a Radiohead show is the moment in "No Surprises" when the audience joins Thom Yorke in singing, "Bring down the government/They don't, they don't speak for us." But after everything we've witnessed in the past week (month? year?), it sounded more cathartic than ever. Radiohead turned dread into exhilaration at their Tuesday-night gig at New York's Madison Square Garden – the first American stop of their 2016 tour, and their first show on U.S. soil in four years. They leaned heavily on their splendid new A Moon Shaped Pool, yet darted all over their songbook with an absolutely insane set list, full of surprises like "15 Step" (its first appearance of the tour) and "Let Down," which they played for the first time in a decade. The music was saturated with punk rage ("Bodysnatchers"! "2 + 2 = 5"!) and terror ("Planet Telex"!). But with a revitalized Radiohead feeding off the energy of a rabid arena crowd, it was also a euphoric triumph of a show.
This fakakta election year seemed like a presence much as the Beijing Olympics were a presence on their 2008 tour, where Radiohead discreetly draped a Tibetan flag over an amp every night – never spoken out loud, but still tangible. Especially in a moment full of so many thieves to hail, when all the ice-age-coming dread of the music feels totally justifiable. It couldn't have been an accident that when Johnny Greenwood fiddled with the radio dials for "The National Anthem," picking up snippets of found-sound spoken-word chatter to weave into the mix, he tuned in to a broadcast from the Democratic National Convention. It ended with a female pundit saying, "I mean, she was a partner of Bill Clinton's when he was governor of Arkansas." (Whose voice was that? Anyone recognize it?) But with Yorke wailing "Everyone has got the fear" over the churning tumult of guitar fuzz and synth hiss, the song felt absolutely massive.
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Radiohead were looser, cheerier, far more in sync with each other and more into the audience than they were on their last tour in 2012. No doubt it's partly because the new material is so much stronger than The King of Limbs and they know it – with tunes like these to play, who wouldn't be eager to show off? The set began with a snippet of Nina Simone's voice, from a 1968 interview: "I'll tell you what freedom is to me: No fear. I mean, really – no fear." The band then played the de facto Side One of A Moon Shaped Pool – the first five songs in sequence, from Johnny Greenwood bowing his guitar in "Burn the Witch" to Yorke strumming the chunky acoustic licks in "Desert Island Disk" like Neil Young circa Zuma. The new songs hit even harder live, especially "The Numbers," with its "Stairway to Heaven" guitar hook and Greenwood's honky-tonk piano, and "Decks Dark" where Greenwood, hunched over his piano, abruptly leaped to the front of the stage, guitar in hand, to blast out a Duane Eddy-via-Pete Cosey twang eruption.
The crowd's enthusiasm for the new shit seemed to rub off on the band. When they started opening up the back catalog, it was with a boyish sense of restless come-on-let's-plaaaay energy – Ed O'Brien so dapper and pensive on guitar, Phil Selway holding down the beat in back with bassist Colin Greenwood and second drummer Clive Deamer, Johnny Greenwood dressed for kindergarten in a "1986" T-shirt and alarmingly high-waisted pants. That spirit was there in the way Johnny dashed from piano to guitar to xylophone, or the way he and O'Brien knelt on the floor to fiddle with their mixers at the end of "Everything in Its Right Place" (which was how they finished up the last time they played on this stage, in 2003).
Yorke, with his hair in a fetching Thom-bun, got twitchier hips as the night went on, dancing all over the stage to "15 Step," side-stepping and shadow-boxing invisible enemies. His voice grew more expansive, stretching out the rapt high notes in "Let Down" and "Nude." So did his gruff sense of humor, especially after a gratifyingly ragged electric-piano performance in "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy Rich Man Poor Man Beggar Man Thief." After flubbing the ending, Yorke announced the professionals would begin "once the amateur band leaves the stage. None of you noticed those bum notes, right?"
That fear Nina Simone talked about – it was an undeniable presence all night, from the elegiac new ballad "Daydreaming" ("it's too late, the damage is done") to the closing sing-along version of "Street Spirit (Fade Out)." But the communal bustle of the music was downright inspiring – especially when they returned for the encore with "Let Down," a moment that took everyone by surprise, probably including Radiohead themselves, who threw themselves into the song more intently as it heated up. This magnificent ballad always sounded like it should have been the grand finale of OK Computer, except it was merely the fifth song. (Has any classic album ever had a less fifth-song-sounding fifth song?) With Yorke, Greenwood and O'Brien all chiming away on guitar, and Phil Selway riding those tricky "Ticket to Ride" mallet beats, it was a rapturously received surprise, yet also loaded with that feeling of being so-so-disappointed. Like the rest of the show, it seemed totally suited for a present as tense as this one.
"Decks Dark"
"Desert Island Disk"
"Ful Stop"
"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy Rich Man Poor Man Beggar Man Thief"
"Everything in Its Right Place"
"Myxomatosis"
"Idioteque"
First Encore:
"Paranoid Android"
"Bodysnatchers"
Second Encore:
"Street Spirit (Fade Out)"
In This Article: Jonny Greenwood,	Radiohead,	Thom Yorke

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Impact of GNU/Linux on Microsoft's Sharply-declining Numbers
Posted in Finance, Free/Libre Software, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Oracle, SUN at 4:43 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Summary: As Microsoft's profits fall by about a third (again) we look at the role GNU/Linux plays
MAKING the same old tired arguments about the impact of GNU/Linux would be unnecessary, but in a nutshell, GNU/Linux turns operating systems into a commodity in devices, servers, desktops, supercomputers, and so on. This is a direct hit on Microsoft's bread and butter, which get devalued. Yesterday we wrote about the figures reported by Microsoft as they came in and David Gerard did so with a wonderful satire where there are elements of truth, such as:
The world's largest software maker said it had been affected by weakness in the global personal computer and server markets, particularly by having to sell Windows XP for $5 to keep netbooks from going entirely Linux.
According to real reports, none of Microsoft's divisions saw a rise. Red Hat apparently takes the blame in this report from The Street (subscription required) and the following suggests that the impact of GNU/Linux should come first.
Microsoft profit is down 17%, and cited is long term threats that are materializing on it's doorstep, Ubuntu Linux and Apple and the newly announced Google OS
Ubuntu Linux has been making serious inroads in the netbook market as a desktop of choice for many lower powered machines called netbooks, The Google OS is vaporware for now… but the threat exists.
More along the same lines:
Crashing PC sales send Microsoft profits tumbling
But there are other challenges abroad which the firm has dealt with rather less effectively – the effects of competition and the changing nature of the IT business to name but two. Its Windows operating system may still reign supreme numerically, but for how much longer? It faces two serious challenges, firstly from the various homemade flavours of Linux-based OS's out there, and secondly from arch-rival Google, which is developing its own PC operating system to go head-to-head with Windows.
Linux is free to use already, and the Google system is likely to be so, too. So the $64m question is, how much longer will MS be able to go on selling very expensive OS's and equally expensive applications when its key rivals will offer 80% of the functionality, and cost next to nothing?
Richard Waters, whose coverage tends to be strongly in favour of Microsoft, confessed that:
It is six years since Steve Ballmer issued a wake-up call to Microsoft's developers, warning of the threat posed by the Linux operating system and other open source projects.
Now it comes to haunt them where it hurts the most: the bottom line. Market share and profitability are totally separate things, albeit not independent. It is all about margins.
According to one of our readers, Microsoft is what killed Sun. "No one survives a partnership with Microsoft," he wrote. "We'll see if Oracle can clean house now. █
Also see: Microsoft Q1 2009: The Things Microsoft Does Not Tell About Its Continued Decline
Why GNU/Linux is Microsoft's #1 Desktop Threat, Shareholders Are Finally Being Informed
The Slime About ARM and Android
Further Progress for ODF, But Derailing Still Attempted by the Microsoft Crowd
Why is Acer Curtailing Its Linux Efforts?
Microsoft Stresses Future Products While GNU/Linux and SaaS Eliminate Microsoft's Profitability
GNU/Linux is Shrinking Microsoft's Margins
Microsoft Hopes to Make Money from Lawsuits in China
New Zealand Post Dumps Microsoft for Google, Lies Ensue
Microsoft's Stock Collapses on Friday After Very Disappointing Results
Linux Demonstrates the Upper Hand of the GPL and Microsoft's Inability to Defeat It
Microsoft XBox360 and Windows Mobile Are Still Losing It
IRC logs for Sunday, January 16, 2022
Links 14/1/2022: EasyOS 3.2.1 and Qt 6.3 Alpha


to a DataGridView that has a column for one of the properties of IAllergen.
My problem with this binding situation is actually two fold. Initially, the implementations of IAllergen were explicit, meaning the interface members only are accessible when explicitly cast as IAllergen. This caused the DataGridView to not think that the object had the specified property, even though the list is typed as List and the property clearly exists. This makes me think that the DataGridView is looking at the objects as their true type, which makes sense on some levels, so that's fine.
My next attempt was to make the IAllergen implementations implicit by just providing the appropriate properties on each class. This got past the initial issue, but now during display of a row I get a 'TargetInvocationException' with the message "Object does not match target type." My guess here is that the DataGridView looks at the first object in the bound collection and wants every subsequent item to be of the same type. Is it that difficult for the DataGridView to work for implementations of an interface?
due to the fact that this logic is contained in a custom user control that is generic across multiple types of data and there is no good way to make a control use generics (without losing design time support). Using the immediate window in Visual Studio, I was able to force the data source to be a List and that solved the problem. I suppose that the DataGridView tries to determine the object type based on the generic list type, and if it can't determine it then it uses reflection to find the type, but expects all objects to be of the same type.
Whew, at least I've got a starting place. Now I just need to figure out how to abstract a generic controller class that can use strongly typed collections and return the results back to the UI in an untyped fashion for display. Welcome MVC design practices.


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Early August 2020 bopping fortnight's favorites
Aug 1, 2020 | Fortnight's favorites
Early August 2020 bopping fortnight's favories, mainly from 1954 to 1958, with a short array in 1953.
Bill "Zekie" Browning
Zekie Browing (seated left)
Bad Case Of The Blues
by Bill "Zekie" Browning
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Bad-Case-Of-The-Blues.mp3
BILL 'ZEKIE' BROWING (not to be confused with Bill Browning, who had great records on Cincinnati's Island and Starday labels), cut early in 1958 the proud Country-Rocker (because of the drums) « Bad Case Of The Blues » on Lucky 0005. Great steel and fiddle solos, also good piano. (with a $ 200-250 tag). On Lucky 0001 ha also had issued « I'll Pay You Back ».
Taylor Porter
TAYLOR PORTER next – first on Starday Custom 694. The artist was out of Kentucky. « It's Over Now » has an heavy bass for an uptempo and a lot of echo on the vocal. A battling between fiddle and guitar. A very effective side. The B-side « No More Loving You » has the same characteristics, very melodic.
We found the same Porter on 1960 Janet 26-60 and « Way Out There » : a Rockabilly guitar, a fiddle, even a bit of yodeling. The B-side remains untraced (« I Can See It In Your Eyes »).
Away Out There
by Taylor Porter
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/janet-26-60-Taylor-Porter-Away-out-there-lyrics.mp3
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/694-starday-taylor-porter-Its-Over-Now.mp3
No More Lovin' You
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/694B-Starday-Taylor-porter-No-More-Loving-You.mp3
Another artist from Kentucky, RONNIE BURTON has, on the Tam label # 101 a nice slowie, « Keeper Of My Heart », then the very fast, rollicking « Somebody's Been Babyen My Baby » (Tam 102), with a steel solo.
Somebody's Been Babyen My Baby
by Ronnie Burton
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/tam-102-ronnie-burton-somebodys-ben-babyen-my-baby.mp3
Ronnie Burton
Keeper Of My Heart
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/tam-101-ronnie_burton.mp3
Doye O'Dell
On the West coast now with DOYE O'DELL who cut on Intro many a fine sides (i.e. « Diesel Smoke »). Here on the Radio label (# 115, from 1958) he delivers « Bring A Hammer And A Needle », a good Folk influenced bopper (12s strings guitar solo)
Bring A ammer And A Needle
by Doye O'Dell
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/radio-115-Doye-ODell-Bring-A-Hammer-And-A-Needle-1958-country-bopper.mp3
by Eddie Hazelwood
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/intro-6069-eddie-hazlewood-Hound-Dog.mp3
Eddie Hazelwood>
Another Intro label artist : EDDIE HAZLEWOOD, who had a long array of boppers. I chose his personal hillbilly version of « Hound Dog » (issued March 1953, shortly after the Big Mama one, but a large 3 years before Elvis). A lovely shuffler with steel and good spirited vocal.. Hazelwood was killed, along with Jimmie Widener, by an armed robberer in Nashville (1973).
From Houston the very unknown RED MANSEL who offers a moderate-paced « Changing Heart », a very nice vocal (1958).(All Star 7165)
Red Mansel
Changing Heart
by Red Mansel
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/all-star-7165-red_mansel-changing-heart.mp3
Bawlin' And Squallin'
by Buck Griffin
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Buck-Griffin.flv_000000649.mp3
Buck Griffin
The final track is a bopping rocker from 1956. BUCK GRIFFIN released on Lin 1015 the rocker « Ballin' And Squallin' ». The guitar is 'chanting', we have a steel and a piano solo over a strong rhythm. Griffin made a lot of this material and deserves a complete feature in bopping.org.
Sources : YouTube (Porter Taylor on Janet), Internet for Ronnie Burton. My own archives for the rest.
Early May 2020 bopping fortnight's favorites
May 1, 2020 | Fortnight's favorites
Howdy folks ! Let's embark for a new journey into bopping music ! It begins in the late forties and extends until 1965, with an emphasis for the 1954-59 period.
T. Texas Tyler & the Oklahoma Boys
Guitar Boogie Woogie
by T. Texas Tyler
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/16-Guitar-Boogie-Woogie5-46.mp3
T. TEXAS TYLER & his Oklahoma Boys were a very popular outfit in California during the late '40s. Here the man « with a million friends » deliver a really hot instrumental « Guitar Boogie Woogie » on 4Star 1114 (recorded May 1946) : a fast, furious guitar showcase (James Pruett or Stan Walker) (plus a steel solo by Joaquin Murphy).
Eddy Raven
Twenty years later EDDY MARVIN, also on a Fort Worth, Tx. label (Oakridge # 117) offers a downhome shuffling bopper. Good piano, cool vocal in « I'm Packing My Duds & I'm Head-in South ».
I'm Packing My Duds And I'm Head-in South
by Eddy Raven
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/eddy-marvin-Im-Packing-My-Duds.mp3
Bill Goodwin
Here's a Starday custom, issued on the main label in the 500 serie. Starday 710 by BILL GOODWIN. April 1958 « Teenage Blues », a fast number with Rockabilly guitar. Later on, Goodwin was also on the Starday sublabel Dixie # 2014 (1959) ; with his Western Ramblers,he did « Your Lying Ways ». A bopper with great guitar.
Teenage Blues
by Bill Goodwin
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/710B-Bill-Goodwin-Teenage-Blues-Starday-04-58.mp3
Your Lying Ways
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/B4-Bill-Goodwin-Your-Lying-Ways.mp3
Swingin' Baby Doll
by David Gates
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/east-west-123-david-gates-swingin-baby-doll-2-59.mp3
The Oklahoma born DAVID GATES, for his second record (the first was issued by Mala), on East-West 123 (a sublabel of the giant Atlantic outlet) : « Swingin' Baby Doll » is really bopping and rolling. (February 1959)
Clyde Moody
Tend To Your Business
by Clyde Moody
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/977A-clyde-moody-Tend-To-Your-Business.mp3
CLYDE MOODY (1915-1989) was the King of Waltzes ; he also had several good boppers, as this « Tend To Your Business » on King 977. It's a bluesy mid-paced hillbilly tune, piano and fiddle .
Cash Box July 14, 1951
Sandy Walker & His Country Boys
Back to California with SANDY WALKER's back-to-back sides of Sage 227 (November 1956). Two uptempos : steel, fiddle, piano solos for « Beatin' Round The Bush » and « So Long Baby Blues ».
Beatin' Round The Bush
by Sandy Walker
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/03-Sandy-Walker-His-Country-Boys-Beatin-Round-the-Bush.mp3
So Long, Baby Blues
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sandy-Walker-So-Long-Baby-Blues.mp3
Jeanie Pierson
Run 'Em Off
by Jeanie Pierson
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Jeanie-Pierson-Run-Em-Off-1953.mp3
At last a woman ! JEANIE PIERSON from White Cloud, Kansas, came up in Nashville in 1953, providing her solid version of Lefty's « Run 'Em Off » (co-written by Onie Wheeler)(Decca 28967).
Cash Box Dec. 28, 1953
Big Bill Lister
Finally a long-time Hank W. impersonator, BIG BILL LISTER, does offer « Countryfied » on Capitol 1551 (June 1951). An uptempo with fiddle, by the way Hank's styled.
by Big Bill Lister
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/capitol-1551-big-bill-lister-Countryfied.mp3
Sources : Country Hicks LP (Eddy Marvin) ; HillbillyBoogie1 YouTube chain (Jeanie Pierson), 4 Star Starday Custom serie (Bill Goodwin) ; Praguefrank (T. Texas Tyler data) ; my own archives from anywhere, piled up through the years..
early March 2014 fortnight's favorites
Mar 4, 2014 | Fortnight's favorites
Howdy y'all, folks. A little bit late, back from holidays. Here is my new choice of favorites. As usual, a selection of tunes of the great era.
HARRY HANSON on the Louisiana Empire label (# 795, a Starday custom) with "Just remember" from 1959. Fine primitive hillbilly bop which could well have been cut 3 or 4 years earlier.
Harry Hanson, "Just remember"
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Harry-Hanson-Just-Remember-1959.mp3
Cal Davis, "Partnership love affair"
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/fortune-185-Cal-Davis-Partnership-Love-Affair-1956.mp3
From Detroit on Fortune 185, CAL DAVIS and rockabilly "Partnership love affair", complete with steel and guitar.
Two sides by the very good EUEL HALL from Texas, on the Towne House label (# 11). Lazy vocal, assuring guitar for "Blue feeling" and "Stand in line". Cross between hillbilly bop and rockabilly.
Euel Hall "Stand in line"
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/towne-house-11-Euel-Hall-Stand-In-Line.mp3
Euel Hall, "Blue feeling"
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/towne-house-11-Euel-Hall-Blue-Feeling.mp3
BILLY BARNETT now and the minor classic "Tired of your honky tonk love" on the Phoenix Tex label (# 105). Fine guitar.
And finally, a fast bluegrass bopper by KEN CLARK, "Big man" on Starday 495 from 1960. Great banjo and mandolin backing. Ken Clark was also on the Nashville label (see elsewhere in the site).
Billy Barnett "Tired of your honky tonk love"
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Tex-105B-Billy-Barnett-Tired-Of-Your-Honky-Tonk-Love-www.keepvid.com_.mp3
Ken Clark, "Big man"
http://www.bopping.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/starday-495-Ken-Clark-Big-Man-www.keepvid.com_.mp3
Early June 2011 fortnight's favorites
Jun 1, 2011 | Fortnight's favorites
The story of Frank Rice and Ernest W. Stokes goes back to 1933, when they were known as "Mustard and Gravy". They came from Virginia, and discovered by Smiley Burnette, doing minstrel-shows. In 1950, they cut for Gotham the fine "Be Bop Boogie", accompanied by a trombone! The song found its way several years later in a Calypso style by Don Hager on the Oak label.
Nothing is known on Les Willard, surely a Nashville singer, here backed by Hank Williams' Drifting Cowboys, for the romper "Double Up And Catch Up" in 1955.
Red Mansel was from Texas, and had a contract with Dan Mechura's Allstar label ca. 1958 for the equally fine " Johnny On The Spot". He had already cut for Starday Custom (# 523) in 1955, the piano-led medium tempo "Broken Fickle Heart" (see elsewehere in this site for "Starday Custom serie (# 500-525).
From Texas came also on the T.N.T. ("Tanner'n'Texas") label the duet The Jacoby Brothers (George, the uncle and Boy, the nephew), respectively on mandolin and guitar. They offer here the very fast "Bicycle Wreck", with a fantastic mandolin solo.
Red Woodward and his Red Hawks were familiar in the period 1945-1950 on WBAP radio from the Dallas-Fort Worth area. I've chosen his "Cowboy Boogie" from 1947, on Signature label. Relaxed vocal, fine backing, and a guitar solo which seems being acoustic one!
Finally a R&B Rocker from 1954 by the great Lightning Hopkins. Hope you enjoy the selections. Don't forget to have a look at my "contact Me" section, for records and books for sale from my collection. You could be amazed! Bye
Starday custom series: part 2 (# 526 to 550)(August 1955 to March 1956)
May 18, 2011 | Record labels
Driftwood 526 KEN ROPE (July 1955)
Soft Spot in My Heart / That Same Old Lie
Untraced
Starday 527 DON PAYNE (August 1955)
Kickaroo / The Game Of Breaking Hearts
Alas, once again I have turned up empty on the info front. Apart from this disc, I've seen "Pogo The Hobo" / "Forever" – Starday 150 – on a record list as a $10 rocker – but I've not heard it so couldn't possibly comment. A side is a nice kicking hillbilly tune with a western swing flavour, with nice guitar solo, alongside steel guitar & piano. B side is a weeper with steel guitar & piano to the fore. Andrew Brown states that there was a country singer named Don Payne who was from Austin, Tx. He assumes that Don Payne is the same one who recorded for Starday
Starday 528 WANDA BALLMAN with Eeny, Meeny, Miney and Mo (August 1955)
New Star 529 OTIS PARKER (August 1955
They Don't Have To Operate (They Just Pull The Zipper)/ False Love AffairThink It Over/ I'm Gonna Keep My Eye On You
I know a little regarding Wanda – she was from Jonesboro, AR and one of her compositions ("I'm Sorry I'm Not Sorry") was recorded by Carl Perkins as a flipside to "Dixiefried" (Sun 249). Oh, and she recorded a few demos at Sun Records. She seems to have been a reasonably prolific songstress as she has had her tunes covered by the likes of Loretta Lynn , Kitty Wells & Charlie Pryde amongst many others. Both sides of this 45rpm are pretty good tonkin' stuff. and anybody who sings Honky Tonk as "Hawnky Tawnk" will always get my vote. Sadly, Wanda passed away on Sept 21st 2005 at her home in Goodlettsville, TN.
Covington, Georgia
The A side is a fast paced comedy-hillbilly with piano & guitar accomp. B side is a typical country "broken-hearted" song. I found a mention of a record on Holiday 109 by an Otis Parker ("Bugle Call From Heaven" / "Many Times") – rev by Billboard on 29th Sept 1951, but I can't say if it's the same artist.
Corresponded with Cheryl Parker, the daughter of Otis.(2009) Here's her story ….Before I answer your questions, let me provide you with a little history. My father and mother divorced when I was 12 years old after 25 happy/unhappy years together. There were 8 children, I am next to the youngest (I am 51). My father was the typical country music person……."sacrifice everything for the love of it". He knew everyone who was anybody in the late 40s and early 50s. He worked behind the scenes at the Grand Ole Opry back before the people who sang there made the big bucks they make today. Many of them visited our home after the shows, were over to eat and drink. Jim Reeves was a frequent visitor and friend (through their mutual work in radio)……..he held my sister on his lap and sang "Roly Poly" to her. Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs were good friends of my father (my other sister remembers having the biggest crush on Scruggs, she said she would sit at his feet and stare at him……she was only about 4 at the time)…….as was Tex Ritter. He was at my fathers home in Reno not long before he (Tex) died. My parents went through alot together and loved each other………they just couldn't live together. My father remarried, my mother never did.
I didn't see my father from the time I was 12 until I turned 25 when I heard he was back in Tennessee and that he was ill. Two of my brothers and I made the trip to see him. We visited with him for a few days and then the next time I saw him was at his funeral. My father was a talented man………just not good at being a father. Sounds like a country song doesn't it? I don't hold it against him though…….none of us are perfect.
My mother had several of his recordings but in 1972 someone broke into our home and trashed it, shattering all of his records "for fun"………I guess. I have no idea if any of them survive anywhere else. One that he did stands out in my mind because it was so beautiful……..it was called "This Is My Life"…….I haven't heard it since I was a child, but I still remember the tune and some of the words. It turned out to be the story of his life as it went….it was about being gone and forgotten What a shame that I don't know if a copy exists somewhere.
I do have a couple of 45s that he gave me when I visited him……….he recorded them under the name of Jimmy Parker……..the name he went by later in life. His full name was James Otis Parker.
I just wanted to share this info with you so that you would understand why I don't have many photos of him……..or know much about his life as a whole.
Just a little trivia………..he spoke fluent Spanish, was self taught on the piano and guitar, taught college courses for a time, and…..he stuttered. Not all the time……..just when he got excited or upset….then he stuttered badly.
Even though I didn't get to spend the time I would have liked with my father, I am proud of his talent …………he just had to dream……..which isn't entirely bad.
I am glad that something of what he did remains………….I am sure that more of his music is out there somewhere, I just don't know where………or how to find it. I guess I will have to treasure what I have. I am sure you probably know that the "Zipper" song is on a CD being sold on Amazon. It's on there with other songs by other artists of the era and was released by Jasmine Music out of the UK. I contacted them about it and was informed of the "public domain" law……..which I was already aware of. My father didn't protect what he created. It may be the law………but it doesn't make it right.
Anyway………..on to your questions……………………
Where and when was Otis born?
He was born on March 19, 1920 in Brush Creek, TN He was the son of a tobacco farmer. His mother died when he was young but his father outlived him by several years.
Can you remember the bands he played in?
Unfortunately, I do not know of any bands, other than one he lead in the 1970s. My father did mostly solo work.
Was he ever on TV and radio performing in the 50's?
I don't know if he was ever on tv (I know he was later in life in Reno) but he worked for the Grand Ole Opry in the late 40's. And he also co-owned a radio station with Grandpa Jones and worked for several radio stations. It was while working in the radio station field that he made most of his recordings.
Can you remember who was in his band?
No, sorry. Other than the one in later years, I have no info.
Where was the disc recorded and when?
My older sister seems to remember that the "Zipper" song was recorded while they lived in Beaumont, Tx. (before I was born) They lived in several places…..Nashville, Athens, TN, Athens, Ga, Rome Ga,, Atlanta, Ga., Beaumont, Tx. and Mobile, Al (where I was born)
Can you remember how many copies were pressed?
I have no idea how many copies were made of the recording. Nor any of the many others he did. Zipper was not the only song he wrote and recorded.
Who paid for the recording and the record?
I would imagine my father did. He might have had some backing but I believe most of the money would have been his.
What did he do after the record musically? Was he still performing?
My father was what some call "a jack of all trades"…. and he was full of "wander lust"…he worked for many years in the music industry and then decided he wanted to see the world so he became a chef and joined the merchant marines and traveled the world for several years before going back into the business in the late 60's/early 70s. His life WAS a country song……….full of drama, pain, sadness. In later years he went by Jimmy…….a nickname for James, his real first name……..Otis was his middle name.
When and where did he pass away?
He passed away on November 28, 1984 in Carthage, TN which is about 60 miles east of Nashville. He is buried in a cemetery on a hill with Tennessee hills all around. At his funeral they played one of his songs "Will There Still Be Country Music", it's about dying and wondering if there would be country music in Heaven and would he have a place there. It was a fitting song.
I thank you for your interest in my father………..he would have been impressed that his music was still interesting to someone.
Cheryl Parker
Gee, not often do I get to add more than a few lines on any artist listed here.
Starday 530 THE MUSICAL-AIRES (September 1955)
Hop-a-Long Sister Mary / Wildcat Boogie
The Musical-Aires were Rich Mauney, Carol Dills & Jim Waller. "Hop-A-Long Sister Mary" was also issued as "Skip Along Guitar" on STARDAY ep-258. It was then subsequently issued on STARDAY LP 176 as "Skip Along" and credited to TOMMY HILL. Both sides are nice country / hillbilly guitar led instrumentals. Reminds me of early Chet Atkins.
Starday 531 JOHNNY SUTHERLAND (October 1955)
We'll Have A Time, Yes Siree / I'm in Love
Two fine uptempo fiddle-led hillbilly sides with a fine band backing Sutherland's slightly flat vocals. It has been suggested that this recording came from the Gulf Coast part of Texas. He had in the early fifties an issue on John Erikson' Talent 777 . I'm kinda curious to find out what doing the "Willy-Wuck-Wick" means as mentioned on the A side, but perhaps it's better that I don't know at my age.
Georgia 532 CLYDE BEAVERS (October 1955)
I Won't Always Love You / My Baby Is Gone
Tennga, Georgia
The Starday Custom series continues with it's apparent love of naming a record label after the state that the recording was from. Perhaps it was a coincidence that each artist chose this, or Starday suggested it to them. Anyhow, compared to many artists in this listing, there's info I can mention on this artist. Clyde was born in Tennga, GA on the 8th June, 1932 and was a DJ on WJAT from Swainsboro, GA. As a young boy, Clyde Beavers never let anyone know that he wanted to be singer, and he has stated "his biggest thrill as a recording artist was meeting people" Both sides are pleasant hillbilly with perhaps the B side being the better of the two, although for me, the accordian solo spoils what could've been a better disc. He also recorded "The Black Knee Socks" / "Susie Darlin" – WONDER 105 & "Crying For My Baby" / " The Man In The Glass" – MERCURY 71185 amongst others. Wonder Records was from Atlanta, GA and was owned by Bill Lowery. Clyde also formed KA$H RECORDS with Tom Reeder in Nashville during February 1963. His entertainment experience included WCGA – Calhoun, Ga. (1957), WBRO – Waynesboro, Ga. – (1959) and WENO in Nashville besides playing clubs and appearing US Military bases throughout the States. There's a huge amount of info on Clyde in Billboard magazines, but it's all from the 60's and, at this time, I'm not sure if there is more than one artist of that name.
Indiana 533 ROY FISHER (November 1955)
Just Suppose / I've Got A Feeling
Michigan City, Indiana
Well, I may well have a label shot, but as yet I haven't heard this disc. (Oct. 16th, 2012. Yup, thanks HillbillyBoogie1 – Youtube – "I've Got A Feeling" is a good bopper, fine lead guitar) As for the artist – once again I have as much info as a UK bank manager has integrity. There was a Roy Fisher who recorded for the New England record label in 1961 ("Pool Stick Window" / " Moon Powers" – #1004) which could be the same guy, but I'm clutching at straws here really. (New England was out of Houston, TX circa 1961/2 and owned by Dan R Andrade.)
Moonlight 534 CARL TANNER (November 1955)
Sweet Talkin' Baby / What Makes The Blues
Waycross, Georgia
Another pleasant hillbilly disc which kinda borders on a rockabilly feel, especially with the lovely guitar solo on the A side, but he struggles vocally with the slower tempo of the flip. Carl was a semi-regular presence on the "Peach State Jamboree" on WJAT from 8:15pm 'til Midnight and MC'd by Johnnie Bailes. He has another release on this label coming up later (# 568)
Starday 535 JOE GIBSON (December 1955)
Puttin' On The Dog / Oh Brother
On the 3rd December 1955, Billboard mentions a Joe Gibson who was still fronting the Georgia Peach Pickers for Curley Williams, having his first record released on Starday so I'm presuming this is the same guy. I can't say more than that at present. The A side is a tough, Texas infectious rhythm shuffler with a nice guitar & steel guitar solos. The B side is pleasant uptempo hillbilly with a honky tonk piano, fiddle and steel guitar all taking small solos.
Starday 536 LEO OGLETREE (December 1955)
Crooked Dice / You Done Got Me
Lee was from Tucson, AZ where this disc was recorded. He also worked at WGAC out of Augusta, GA for a spell. The A side is a mid paced hillbilly bopper with Lee boasting of his dice rolling prowess (although by the end of the song he gets caught with dice up his sleeve). This side was penned by Jimmie O'Neal (see COAST 500) and Johnny Tyler, who performed over WGST in Atlanta, GA in 1954 and also recorded for Starday (main series) and for O'Neals' Rural Rhythm label. Flipside is more of the same, penned by the great Eddie Noack. Nothing on WM Minor either. This sounds like a Texas recording to me. The steel player is Hal Rugg.
Lucas 537 FRANCIS RODGERS (December 1955)
Jolly Old Fellow / Oh Gee – Oh Gosh – Oh Golly
Never seen or heard this disc. I presume Ray Lucas owned the label (or at least paid for it.)
Starday 538 TOMMY CASTLE (January 1956)
Wanderlust / I've Done More Accidentally
Possibly one of the great unknown Rock-A-Billy discs in the Starday Custom catalogue. Jack Rhodes (more on him later on Starday 560/561) had set up a small recording / demo studio at the back of a hotel he owned in Mineola, TX where artists could come along and record demos, especially ones that Jack had written. The unknown Tommy Castle probably cut this Rhodes-penned disc at the hotel with (possibly) Freddy Franks (bs) and Al Petty (steel guitar) and an unknown guitar player who hops all over the disc like a man possessed.
The A side is a great shuffling, two-chord ditty with Tommy claiming to suffer from "Wanderlust" – an inability to settle down in one place. This song that could've gone onto greater things if picked up by a seasoned country star (Hank Williams, had he lived long enough would have been a good bet), or perhaps even Luke McDaniels. The flipside is a great bopper with a super, finger-picked guitar solo (he also cuts loose whilst Tommy is singing to; almost threatening to take over on occasions). This side was co-written by Freddy Franks. A fantastic 45rpm! According to Tom Lincoln, Castle is Tommy Cassel (of Cassel Records), although at least one other collector says they are two different artists.
Big State 539 ROY ROBINSON (January 1956)
I Told It To Jesus / Little Romeo
This disc was issued twice. The first release is vocal with accoustic guitar accompaniment. The second release is vocal with guitar, steel guitar, bass and fiddle accompaniment. The only means to distinguish between the two releases is that the second issue has the letters RE in the dead wax / run off after the A & B designation. In a way, I think I prefer the accoustic version, especially the religious A side (gospel, in my mind, should always be sparse in instrumentation). Flipside is a happy little ditty about a young (some say very young) "Don Juan" who chats up the girlies with the aid of candy bars and bubble gum. Kinda cute. This disc would have perhaps made a good demo, though I've yet to discover if anybody covered it. Perhaps that's why he rerecorded it with a full hillbilly band and reissued it a few months later. The gospel track loses something with the band behind him but the B side comes off better with instrumentation. I drew a blank on Roys' identity – a familiar story where these artists are concerned. I did find an artist with the same name on TRC (Texas Record Company) with songs entitled "Blood Weed" / "In Your Arms" – TRC 8457 – which was reviewed by Billboard on 15th Sept 1962, but I have no clue as to if it's the same guy. Both of these sides were published by Glad Music which is a tenuous link.
Starday 540 FRANK EVANS and the Western Hayriders (January 1956)
I'm Different / Another Love Like You
Frank was singing as a child on WHBO in Tampa, FL. (According to Frank, the radio station was so small, the signal " … just barely made it over the tree tops".) He was 15 years old when he cut this, his first recording, at the Burdette Sound Studios in Tampa, backed by the Western Hayriders (who were already an established band by this time & included Pete Howell on lead guitar & Dusty Robbins on steel guitar). Frank plays the banjo on these sides. The A side is a nice uptempo number with Frank soloing on the banjo with nice support from both lead & steel guitar. The flipside is a hillbilly weeper. It's a great debut from an underrated artist. Soon after, Frank formed his Top Notchers (more on them later on Starday 567).
Starday 541 JACK MORRIS (January 1956)
My Pony Wants To Go / Cooing On The Wrong Pigeon
A great West coast swinger from Morris and his band which (to my ears) sounds like it included Speedy West and Jimmy Bryant. The A side is a fast-paced hillbilly bopper with clever, humourous lyrics – the type of song I could imagine Tennessee Ernie Ford covering with great aplomb. 541-B was picked up and recorded by Merrill E Moore on Capitol Records 3311. Jack also turns up on Sage Records from Hollywood, CA ("White Line" / "Stop Teasing me" – SAGE 228, ""Four Wheeled Bungalow" / "Glad I'm Looking Back On You" – SAGE 232)
Starday 542 HOYT SCOGGINS and the Saturday Nite Jamboree Boys (February 1956)
What's Gonna Happen To This Old World / Kneel Down With Jesus
The second disc by Hoyt bemoaning the state of the world as it turns its back on God.. Nice accompaniment by lead guitar, banjo, fiddle & dobro. Not heard the B side as yet. No label shots either.
Rondo 543 HAROLD SMITH with Slim Green & the Trailriders and Danny Clark (February 1956)
Waiting For Someone / Listen To Me Baby
Nothing on Harold Smith at present. The slow A side is another tale of a broken heart with some nice & simple steel guitar through the solo, accompanied by a competent piano player. Flip is a fast "call-and-response" disc which reminds me of a typical early hillbilly disc from Fortune Records (Detroit, MI). Great boogie piano throughout with nice fiddle, steel & guitar breaks. On the label, it states "A DC-HS Production", which is Danny Clark and Harold Smith.
Hoyt's 544 RANSOM GOSPEL SINGERS (March 1956)
I'll Tell It / I'll Make It Home Someday
Yet another in a long line of Starday Custom discs I haven't seen, heard, or know nothing about.
Sage 545 DON REDFIELD and The Sage Dusters (March 1956)
I Can't Go Back / Montana Waltz
Thanks to Al Turner who not only managed to hear the record, but he also found a snippet on the artist in a Country Music Round-Up magazine. I'll quote it here in full. "Young Don Redfield's background is about as unusual as the come for folks in the country music field. For Don is a native of Boston, MA and began his musical career by studying classical violin for four years. All this changed however when he moved out to Montana in 1945. There, he traded two rabbits and six phonograph records for his first guitar, and has stuck with that instrument ever since. In high school Don organized his first dance orchestra known as the Tune Timers. While attending Rocky Mountain College, he rounded up a vocal trio known as the "Three Bears," which appeared on a series of radio programs in Billings. This group was so well received that in no time at all they become greatly in demand for personal appearances throughout the Billings area. In the winter of 1952, Don carried two half-hour broadcasts from the Amvets in Billings and had two fifteen minute shows a week on KOOK. At present, he's keeping quite busy by participating in an occasional stage show, playing over KMON in Great falls and teaching guitar."
All that besides, "Montana Waltz" is exactly as it says on the label – a waltz. He's got a pleasant voice but the recordings are slightly muddy, which is a shame really. "I Can't Go Back" is taken at a fast clip with fine instrumental support from fiddle, steel guitar & lead guitar. The sound is more muffled here than the slow B side; not so much that it spoils the disc but enough to detract from what is a fairly decent record, especially the nice Chet Atkins / Ronnie Durbin guitar solo.
Hoyt's 546 WALTER PONDER, Jr. (March 1956)
I Had A Chance / Carry On
A nice piano led gospel-type number, sung with feeling (as almost all gospel records are). Both sides are slightly similar to each other and that's a good thing cos it's a great record. I found a Walter Ponder Jr listed on the net as having a CD release in 2001 where he sings 14 gospel songs. The brief bio says he was a two time winner of a contest at the Apollo Theatre in NYC (no dates). He also had his own TV show in Jacksonville, FL and has been singing since the age of four. He also had his own prison ministry and apparently received high recognition for his rendition of the National Anthem. He was last heard of running & organizing "Thunderbolt Ministrys" out of Jacksonville.
Starday 547 MACK KING with the Western Hayriders (March 1956)
This Is Your Life / No Wings – No Halo
This is the same Mack King who also appears on Nugget Records ("No Special Reason" / "You Better Get Going" – NUGGET 1004), and is also backed by the the Western Hayriders (who also backed Frank Evans -who also appears on Nugget). But we're getting ahead of ourselves as Nugget 1004 was pressed in 1958. By the time Starday 547 was issued, Mack had served in military and was at this time, located in Tampa, FL. Mack also played 3 shows supporting Elvis Presley in Tampa. For some reason they issued this 45rpm with Starday matrix numbers instead of the usual A/B prefix. Anyhow, The A side is a nice country ballad. The flip is a mid-paced hillbilly/country swinger with fine guitar and steel guitar support. Mack's got a nice voice for this kinda stuff; melodic but slightly lazy vocals. Cool stuff!
Gulf Coast 548 TOMMY TOLLESON and the Western Playboys from Palacios, Texas (March 1956)
Warm Spring Waltz / Think Of Me
Palcios, Texas
Tommie was born on the 5th July 1936 – one of six children. Blind from an early age, he attended the Texas State School for the Blind (although Tommie could differentiate between day and night but not much more) which could boast other such luminaries as Leon Payne & Hub Sutter. Learning not only how to play but to tune a piano, he formed the Western Playboys to perform in bars when he was home from the school. Aged 19, this is his first record release – 300 copies pressed and another 100 shipped out to DJ's , Radio Stations etc – the standard Starday Custom deal. « Warm Springs Waltz » was dedicated to the Warm Springs Foundation which was a cure centre. He was 22 when he graduated from the school and returned to Palacious, TX where he took up music pretty much full time. He recorded for Dan Menchuras' KOOL label before operating his own record label – Gulfcoast Records – where he released polkas, waltzes, boogie woogie and the torrid rocker "Carla Blues" (Gulfcoast 101). He died April 23rd 1997. "Think Of Me" is a ballad whilst the flip has a cajun/waltz feel. Not as torrid as « Carla Blues » or « A Gal Named Sue », but nevertheless a nice little tune.
Rambler 549 CURLEY MONEY and the Rolling Ramblers
(March 1956) Playing The Game / Why must I Cry
Unlike many of the artists in the Starday Custom series, Curley was quite a prolific artist, though this seems to be his only Starday pressing. Curley was born Robert Earnest Money in Halesburg, Alabama in March 1925. He moved to Columbus in 1942 and passed away in 2003. Quite a few of his Rambler Record releases were pressed by RCA. The A side is a nice country bouncer, with guitar, steel guitar and sawing fiddles. Flip is a waltzy-little number.
Curley Money & Rolling Ramblers
L & C 550 LUKE GORDON acc by C. Smith and the Tennessee Hayriders (March 1956)
Goin' Crazy / Married Life
Luke Gordon was born Gordon Brown in Quincy, Kentucky on Friday 15th April, 1932 and was next to the youngest of 6 boys and 2 girls. Luke started his music career on radio station WPAY in Portsmouth, Ohio with the Rhythm Rascals and became good friends with Zeke Mullins who was a DJ at WPAY. Luke served in the US. Army during the Korean Conflict and upon his discharge in 1953 he headed for Norfolk, Virginia where he met up with Jimmy Dean and did a show with him. He then went from there to Warrenton, Virginia with Jimmy and they won the 'Best Vocalist' at a JC contest. He also appeared on the 'Old Dominion Barn Dance in Richmond, Virginia. Luke then went to Tennessee and entertained the folks with Ray Price & The Western Cherokees.
After his stint in Tennessee he returned to Virginia and the Washington D.C. area to work with fiddler Curley Smith at radio station WGAY, Silver Springs, Maryland and do personal appearances. Curley set up a number of recording sessions for Luke with Ben Adelman and the result was released on L & C & STARDAY 550 during 1956. Luke started his own QUINCY record label which was based in Quincy, Kentucky. He also appeared on ISLAND, BLUE RIDGE, EMPIRE & NASHVILLE amongst others (see his story elsewhere in the site).
"Married Life" is a Luke The Drifter type monologue which bemoans how bad married life can be. I class this type of song as "Bar Room Advice", the wisdom of an unhappily married man. "Goin' Crazy" is a nice shuffling country ditty, supported by a fine lead guitarist.
All appreciations do come from excellent Malcolm Chapman's site: Starday Custom. Visit him!
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The Year 1 and 2 children dressed up as characters from a book that they had recently read. They held a procession around the Prep. Department and the KG and Reception Children loved seeing the different characters.
This was the culmination of a month's focus on reading. There was a competition to see which class could read the most books over the month. It was a great day after a very valuable month of reading.


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What's "Too Gay" Today? – True Blood's Alexander Skarsgard Lets It Swing, S Club 7 Member Jon Lee COMES OUT!, SHARKTOPUS!, Gay Republican Presidential Candidate?, and Go Shopping With Sissor Sister! (Video)
August 19, 2010 Uncategorized"Mega Python vs. Gatoroid", (Video) Sharktopus, Alexander Skarsgard, coming out, Debbie Gibson, Fred Krager, gay, Jon Lee, S Club 7, Sissor Sisters, Syfy Channel, Tiffany, What's Too Gay TodayWill Kohler
* Alexander Skarsgard won't wear the "cock" sock when doing nude scenes. Alexander says "I don't want a sock around it, that feels ridiculous. If we're naked in the scene, then I'm naked. I've always been that way. So HBO if Alex doesn't care how about some full frontal Eric? You never used to be shy. Remember "Oz"?
* •Former S Club 7 pop group member Jon Lee (pictured left) has officially come out of the closet. S Club 7 was huge in the UK but only had a modet hit in the states with "Never Had A Dream Come True" When asked why he never came out earlier Lee responded: "If someone had said 'are you gay?' I would have said yes, but no one ever did."
* The SyFy Channel has set the date for premiere of the cheesy awsomeness that is "Sharktopus" (Watch the Trailer) . It will premiere Saturday, September 25th at 8PM EST. Still no word on the air date for what will one day be the classic classic starring Debbie Gibson and Tiffany titled. "Mega Python vs. Gatoroid" (CLICK HERE to watch Behind the Scenes making of.feature which includes a Debbie Gibson vs. Tiffany catfight ala "Dynasty" look)
* Gay Republican Presidential candidate Fred Karger wants a meeting with Republican National Committeeman Steve Scheffler. Scheffler who also just happens to be the head of the Iowa Christian Alliancesent back an e-mail to Karger telling him he would 'work overtime to help ensure that your political aspirations are aborted right here in Iowa.' because Karger is part of the 'radical homosexual community"
Radical Homosexual Republican Presidential Candidate? Brain to explode in 3…..2…..1……SPLAT!
* Go grocery shopping with The Sissor Sisters! Like Phil V, a Toronto DJ, who spins at several queer nights in and around the Toronto area.
← Hate Group SMACKDOWN! – Anti-Gay Hate Groups The Liberty Council and The Alliance Defense Fund Blame EACH OTHER For Prop 8's Trial Loss! The Gay Naked Version Of the True Blood Rolling Stone Cover With AlexanderSkarsgard and Stephen Moyer! →


The Pope is Coming to Philadelphia! BENARI JEWELERS to host a Brother Wolf Jewelry Trunk Show on Saturday, September 19th from 10-5.
Enter to win a St. Francis medallion valued at $1,000!
Exclusively available at BENARI JEWELERS, the Brother Wolf Sanctus Collection features religious-themed relic medallions, each designed and hand crafted to provide customers a meaningful relationship with their jewelry. Brother Wolf represents the virtue and symbolism behind each piece created. The designers and brand ambassadors of Brother Wolf Jewelry, Jonathan and Lauren Tesauro, will be making a special appearance to teach our guests the meanings and background history of each unique relic medallion.


Phuket and Bangkok, Thailand Timelapse in 4K!
Wow, it's amazing what you can learn while traveling. Over my month long vacation in Asia (I have another week left), I have learned how to capture timelapse and hyperlapse videos using my Panasonic GH4. Well, during the trip I realized a full-frame camera would be best for low-light timelapse videos so I picked up a Canon 6D and even learned to use Adobe After Effects.
Over the trip, I realized that most timelapse professionals were using Adobe After Effects to post process their photos and also add in virtual panning/zooming effects. I have just mastered those skills (you will see some of the zooming/panning in the latter part of the video) and boy, it's refreshing to touch on my editing skills and I really believe taking some time off Android videos have allowed me to actually get better at making videos.
Of course, my new Android videos will feature a ton of timelapse when I get back as I have new ideas for refreshing, unique videos. I just need to find a new way to review gadgets and I think I may have just found it. So stay tuned while I finish the rest of my vacation in South Korea next week and I will be back with more cool videos.
FYI, I used my Panasonic GH4 mostly in Phuket and picked up a new Canon 6D in Bangkok, some of the Bangkok shots were taken with Canon 6D. I am now playing around making timelapse videos using the LG G4's raw image mode, that should give you some excellent footage by working with raw images, I should have an update on that soon over at HighOnAndroid.com.


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Cornwall és una població dels Estats Units a l'estat de Pennsilvània. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 3.486 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Cornwall tenia 3.486 habitants, 1.210 habitatges, i 965 famílies. La densitat de població era de 137,9 habitants per quilòmetre quadrat.

Dels 1.210 habitatges en un 32,6% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 71,9% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 4,4% dones solteres, i en un 20,2% no eren unitats familiars. En el 17,5% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 9,1% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,58 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 2,91.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 20,9% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 4,9% entre 18 i 24, un 22,7% entre 25 i 44, un 28,1% de 45 a 60 i un 23,5% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 46 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 82,9 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 59.550 $ i la renda mediana per família de 66.964 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 44.926 $ mentre que les dones 28.125 $. La renda per capita de la població era de 27.904 $. Entorn de l'1,1% de les famílies i l'1,7% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

Entitats de població de Pennsilvània

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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What Are Mixed Tocopherols?
Synthia L. Rose
Mixed tocopherols are a combination of the four tocopherols present in vitamin E: delta tocopherol, alpha tocopherol, gamma tocopherol and beta tocopherol. Some mixed tocopherol supplements may not contain all four tocopherols but instead might combine two or three in various concentrations; in rare cases, a manufacturer may market a synthetic form of alpha tocopherol by itself as a mixed tocopherol. Each tocopherol is a type of antioxidant, which is a substance that can inhibit oxidation in cells, thereby reducing the risk of cell degradation and diseases like cancer. Natural forms of all four tocopherols are available in leafy green vegetables, nuts, wholegrain foods and sunflower oils.
Nearly all vitamin E supplements containing mixed tocopherols are anchored on high concentrations of alpha-tocopherol.
Benefits supplied by mixed tocopherols range from increased immunity to faster healing. They have also been implicated in stopping tissue inflammation. By consuming mixed tocopherols rather than just one type of tocopherol, a person can reap a wide variety of specialized benefits since each tocopherol has different abilities.
Supplements that combine the E vitamins include four tocopherols.
For example, alpha tocopherol is considered by scientists to be the most powerful tocopherol, providing the most reliable buffer against the free radicals responsible for oxidation and cell destruction. Due to this reason, it is rarely excluded from mixed tocopherol combinations; nearly all vitamin E supplements containing mixed tocopherols are anchored on high concentrations of alpha-tocopherol. Notably, this antioxidant is also the only tocopherol that the human body maintains and stores in its tissues. This happens because a special transfer protein in the body recognizes alpha tocopherol and absorbs it into lipoproteins so that it circulates through the bloodstream. Alpha tocopherol has been credited with preventing heart disease and improving neurological disorders and various chronic diseases.
Gamma tocopherol may be helpful in preventing prostate cancer.
Gamma tocopherol is unique because it is generally the primary source of vitamin E consumed in foods due to the prevalence of contemporary corn-based and soy-based diets. Tests show it does not block free radicals as alpha tocopherol does, but may offer minor healing of cell damage by the radicals. Scattered research also suggests gamma tocopherol is the best tocopherol to stave off cancer of the prostate and might also be the best antioxidant for inflammation. Gamma tocopherol is usually the second most included antioxidant in mixed tocopherol preparations. While the body does metabolize gamma tocopherols, scientific studies suggest that little of this antioxidant is actually stored or needed by the body; therefore, it is often excreted.
Beta tocopherol is associated with balancing metabolism and reducing risk of reproductive organ cancer. Delta tocopherol's significance to the human body remains nebulous to scientists. For people looking beyond diet for mixed tocopherols, doctors recommend against buying each tocopherol separately since too much of one may inhibit effectiveness of another. Single-serving supplements that combine mixed tocopherols typically blend of all the antioxidants in the most effective ratios.
Mixed tocopherol supplements may contain two or three tocopherols, not always all four.
What Is Vitamin E Oil?
What Is Gamma Tocopherol?
What is Vitamin E Acetate?
The author left out that a fair number of people have skin reactions to products containing mixed tocopherols, and reactions upon eating products with them.
It's probably not a reaction to the protein of the soy plant it is typically derived from, and possibly is due to remnants of the many steps of processing with harsh solvents and other chemicals that may still end up in the final product.
For example, Cheerios uses a blend that many people react to, but at least in the United States, General Mills has to label the product as containing mixed tocopherols rather than just saying it contains vitamin E. They are related, but they are not the same things.


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Most played PC games
Spotify's premium subscribers 2015-2020
Number of World of Warcraft subscribers
Best-selling Call of Duty Games 2019
Advertising spending in the U.S. 2015-2022
Video Game Industry - Statistics & Facts
Film Industry - statistics & facts
Media›
TV, Video & Film
Number of TV households in Sweden 2008-2019
Published by Julia Stoll, Nov 3, 2020
During the past years, the number of households owning televisions in Sweden was quite stable, amounting to 4.6 million as of 2019. Compared to all households in the Nordic country, only a few did not access television at home. This means, that the number of households that owned a TV almost equaled the total number of Swedish households.
TV reception types used in Sweden
A 2018 survey found that more than half of Swedish respondents received TV via broadband or cable. Especially households of people aged 45 years and older that were interviewed had a broadband or cable reception. The share of households in the country accessing television via antenna and satellite amounted to 16 and 12 percent, respectively.
Traditional vs. streaming TV sets
According to another poll from 2018, most people in Sweden had still access to traditional TV sets at home. Comparing different age groups, respondents aged 45 to 79 years tended more often to use this kind of televisions than 15 to-44-year-olds. Other types of television sets used in Sweden include Smart TVs, and Apple TVs or Chromecasts, respectively. Nearly 50 percent of respondents had access to Smart TVs and 34 percent of individuals to the latter.
Number of TV households in Sweden from 2008 to 2019 (in millions)
Number of TV households in millions
Figures for years 2008 to 2011 were previously published by the source.
TV market in Sweden
Average daily TV viewing time in Sweden 2009-2019
Ranking of TV channels in Sweden 2019, by daily reach
Daily TV consumption in Sweden 2009-2019
Average daily TV viewing time in Sweden 2009-2019, by gender
Julia Stoll
Research expert covering media & advertising
Statistics on "Television in Sweden"
Revenues from television services in Sweden 2009-2019
Revenues from television services in Sweden 2009-2019, by platform
TV subscriptions in Sweden 2009-2019, by platform
Ranking of TV companies in Sweden 2019, based on audience share
Average daily TV reach in Sweden 2009-2019
TV channels in Sweden 2019, by audience share
Audience share of the public service television channels of SVT in Sweden 2009-2019
Air time of SVT channels 2018-2019
Air time of Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company's TV telecasts 2019
Air time of Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company's telecasts 2019, by topic
Television advertising expenditure in Sweden 2011-2019
Audience share of TV3 in Sweden 2009-2019
Audience share of Kanal 5 in Sweden 2009-2019
Share of individuals taking note of TV advertising in Sweden 2008-2018
Revenue of Sveriges Television AB 2010-2019
Number of employees of SVT 2009-2019
Net revenue of the Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR) 2015-2019
Number of employees of the Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR) 2013-2019
Revenues of selected commercial television broadcasters in Sweden 2019
Net revenue of NENT 2019, by segment
Average daily TV viewing time in Sweden 2014-2019, by age
Average daily TV reach in Sweden 2018-2019, by age and gender
Share of individuals watching traditional TV weekly in Sweden 2018, by age
Frequency of TV viewing on a TV set in Sweden 2019
Ranking of TV programs in Sweden 2019, by number of viewers
Share of individuals watching online TV per day in Sweden 2011-2019
Watching online TV per day in Sweden 2011-2019, by gender
Watching online TV per day in Sweden 2011-2019, by age group
Frequency of TV viewing via internet in Sweden 2019
Daily viewing time of online TV in Sweden 2018-2019, by network
Distribution of viewing time of online TV in Sweden 2019, by channel families
Impact of the coronavirus outbreak on TV sports viewers in Sweden 2020
Reach change of TV news in Sweden after the coronavirus outbreak 2020
Online TV news viewers after the coronavirus outbreak in Sweden 2020, by broadcast
Distribution of TV households in the U.S. by age 2017
Distribution of TV households worldwide in 2012, by region and technology
Number of TV households in Africa 2014, by country
Number of pay TV households worldwide in 2012, 2013 and 2018, by region
Number of TV households in the U.S. from 2002 to 2011
Number of TV households worldwide in 2012, by region
Mexico: TV household penetration 2019, by type
Mexico: number of TV households 2009-2019, by type
Number of subscriptions on television services in Finland 2011-2015, by platform
Number of digital TV households in China 2009-2019
Share of daily non-work-related TV usage in Finland 2016, by age group
Number of VoD households in the U.S. from 2006 to 2016
Average daily TV reach in the Nordic countries 2013-2019
Monthly audience market share of TV channels in Sweden November 2020
Market share of TV channels among viewers aged 50 years and older in Germany 2019
Traditional TV consumption among Gen Z in Vietnam 2018
Distribution of time spent watching TV content in Australia 2017, by platform
DVD video player penetration of TV households in Italy 2008-2017
Annual change in new metal manufacturing orders in Finland 2017-2018, by period
Ozone damage to forests in Belgium 2006-2016
TV market in Sweden Television industry in the United Kingdom (UK) Public service television in Sweden Digitalization in the media industry in Sweden
IVF. (November 2, 2020). Number of TV households in Sweden from 2008 to 2019 (in millions) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 16, 2021, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/547793/number-of-tv-households-in-sweden/
IVF. "Number of TV households in Sweden from 2008 to 2019 (in millions)." Chart. November 2, 2020. Statista. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/547793/number-of-tv-households-in-sweden/
IVF. (2020). Number of TV households in Sweden from 2008 to 2019 (in millions). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 16, 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/547793/number-of-tv-households-in-sweden/
IVF. "Number of Tv Households in Sweden from 2008 to 2019 (in Millions)." Statista, Statista Inc., 2 Nov 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/547793/number-of-tv-households-in-sweden/
IVF, Number of TV households in Sweden from 2008 to 2019 (in millions) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/547793/number-of-tv-households-in-sweden/ (last visited January 16, 2021)


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Бихаћка операција је једна од највећих победа НОВ и ПОЈ у 1942. години. У њој је осам бригада НОВЈ под командом Оперативног штаба за Босанску Крајину уништило усташко-домобрански гарнизон у Бихаћу и околним местима и нанело непријатељу значајне губитке. Битка за град трајала је од 2. до 4. новембра 1942. године, и наставила се наступним маршем јединица НОВЈ против остатака разбијених јединица и деморалисаних околних гарнизона. Разбијен је усташки 4. дјелатни стајаћи "сдруг" (бригада) и делови 12. домобранске пјешачке пуковније. Ово је била једна од највећих у дугом низу победа НОВЈ над снагама НДХ које су уздрмале НДХ и веома ограничиле домен важења њених установа.

Освајањем Бихаћа повезана је слободна територија у Босанској Крајини и централној Босни са слободном територијом у Далмацији. Лици, Кордуну и на Банији. Тако је формирана непрекидна слободна територија од Карловца до Ливна на којој су образоване многе војне и цивилне институције, позната као Бихаћка република или Титоланд (по Немцима). Ослобођени Бихаћ постао је војно, политичко и културно средиште Народноослободилачког покрета.

Оперативна ситуација пре Бихаћке операције

Народноослободилачки покрет у западним крајевима Југославије у другој половини 1942. године био је у великом успону. Од партизанских одреда стваране су бригаде као чврсте и покретне војне формације. У средишњим областима Босне оперисала је група од седам бригада под непосредном командом Врховног штаба. У Босанској Крајини је до почетка Бихаћке операције формирано 6, у Хрватској 18 и у Словенији 4 бригаде НОВЈ. Од ових снага Врховни штаб је 1. новембра формирао 3, а затим 8. новембра 1942. још пет дивизија. Осим њих, постојао је и знатан број територијалних партизанских одреда и самосталних Батаљона и чета.

У Босни су партизани су од усташа и домобрана ослободили велики број места: Дрвар, Босански Петровац, Кључ, Гламоч, Мркоњић-Град, а вођене су борбе против Италијана и четника за Босанско Грахово, против Немаца и усташа за Јајце и против Италијана, усташа и четника за Ливно. У Хрватској су партизани држали Кореницу, Војнић, Вргинмост и већи број мањих места.

Кроз Босанску Крајину и преко Кордуна пролазила је демаркациона линија између италијанске и немачке окупационе зоне. Италијани су се током 1942. ограничили на држање мањег броја важнији гарнизона, углавном у обалном појасу. Ту су биле стациониране главне снаге V, XVIII и VI корпуса италијанске Друге армије. Територију су покушавали да контролишу уз помоћ четника и других квислиншких формација, попут Добровољачке антикомунистичке милиције, док су већину насељених места у унутрашњости препустили снагама НДХ.

У својој окупационој зони у северном делу Босне Немци су држали 714. и 718. посадну дивизију. У мају 1942. прогласили су ту област ратним подручјем, тако да су снаге НДХ и локални четници у области били под непосредном командом дивизијских штабова.

Значај Бихаћа
Према административној организацији НДХ, Бихаћ је био административно седиште Велике жупе Крбава и Псат. У Бихаћу су се налазиле бројне цивилне и војне установе. Осим тога, Бихаћ је био војна база за офанзивно деловање против јединица НОВЈ и кључно утврђење на стратешки важној комуникацији између јадранске обале и долине Саве.

Бихаћ је такође био база усташких злочинаца који су током 1941. и 1942. починили бројне масакре у граду и околним селима над српским и јеврејским цивилима.

За партизане, Бихаћ је био средиште области са знатним економским и мобилизацијским потенцијалом. Окупациона управа у Бихаћу раздвајала је слободну територију у западној Босни од слободне територије у Хрватској. Релативно изолован бихаћки гарнизон представљао је перспективу војничког успеха и задобијања знатног плена у оружју и војном материјалу.

Ток операције
На предлог Оперативног штаба за Босанску Крајину, на основу расположивих података о непријатељу, Врховни штаб издао је 18. октобра 1942. ОШ за Босанску крајину наређење за извођење операције, а Главни штаб Хрватске наређење за садејство у операцији и стављање на располагање 3 бригаде. Напад је требало да буде изведен до 5. новембра.

Супротстављене снаге
Оперативни штаб за Босанску Крајину за Бихаћку операцију прикупио је 5 својих бригада:
 1. крајишку бригаду (3 батаљона)
 2. крајишку бригаду (3 батаљона)
 3. крајишку бригаду (сва 4 батаљона)
 5. крајишку бригаду (сва 4 батаљона)
 6. крајишку бригаду (2 батаљона)
Осим ових, штабу су за операцију стављене на располагање 3 бригаде ОШ Хрватске:
 2. личка бригада (сва 4 батаљона)
 4. кордунашка бригада (сва 4 батаљона)
 8. банијска бригада (3 батаљона)
У нападу је учествовао и мешовити артиљеријски дивизион ОШ за Босанску Крајину, састава: 3 хаубице 100 -{mm}-, 4 брдска топа и једна батерија противоклопних топова.

Укупна јачина ових јединица у време напада износила је око 7.000 људи. Јединице су биле посебно мотивисане за ову акцију због присуства познатих усташких злочинаца у Бихаћу. ОШ Крајине и штабови бригада су у наређењима за напад посебно нагласили аспект кажњавања усташких зликоваца у операцији. Операцијом је командовао Оперативни штаб за Босанску Крајину, чији је командант био Коста Нађ.

Одбрана Бихаћа располагала је следећим јединицама:
 4. дјелатни "сдруг" усташке војнице, јачине 4 бојне (батаљона) (3.000 људи):
 19. усташка бојна, стационирана у самом граду
 31. усташка бојна, стационирана у Личком Петровом Селу и Раковици
 32. усташка бојна, стационирана у Босанској Крупи
 33. усташка бојна, стационирана у самом граду
 штаб и једна бојна 12. домобранске пјешачке пуковније, стационирани у граду (око 800 људи)
 једна сатнија (чета) 2. домобранске пуковније, стационирани у граду (око 200 људи)
 више група усташке милиције јачине 10-40 људи, распоређених по селима у широј околини.

За одбрану Бихаћа непријатељ је располагао са четири хаубице 100 -{mm}- од којих су се две налазиле у граду, а две на Хаџиабдића брду.

Укупна јачина ових јединица у време напада износила је око 4.000 људи.

Усташе су биле изузетно мотивисане за одбрану, јер су биле свесне својих почињених злочина и казне која их чека уколико буду савладани. У домобранским јединицама мотивисаност за борбу била је врло ниска.

Организација непријатељске одбране
Одбрана Бихаћа била је кружна, и то у два појаса. Спољашња одбрана Бихаћа састојала се из истурених посада распоређених по околним местима и локалитетима. Нека од ових места била су добро утврђена и тешко освојива, на пример Изачић и Острожац. Недостатак спољашње одбране састојао се у томе што није била у потпуности ватрено повезана између себе, што је остављало нападачу могућност изненадног прикривеног упада кроз одбрану.

Унутрашња одбрана састојала се из низа међусобно повезаних добро утврђених упоришта. Нарочито су добро били утврђени Сомишље и Жегар са Жегарском алејом и Бориком на левој обали Уне.

Непријатељске снаге у Бихаћу биле су довољно бројне, снабдевене и утврђене да одбију сваки евентуални напад, или у крајњем случају да се одрже до доласка евентуалне помоћи из других упоришта.

План напада
Према плану Оперативног штаба, требало је са четири бригаде извршити једновремен концентричан напад на Бихаћ и обезбедити се потребним снагама са правца Босанске Крупе и Цазина. Истовремено, напасти на Личко Петрово Село ради обезбеђења од евентуалног непријатељевог дејства из Слуња, Оточца и Госпића.

Да би се сломио добро организована одбрана Бихаћа било је изузезно пожељно очувати тајност операције до самог тренутка напада. Такође, да би се смањила вероватноћа интервенције из других гарнизона, Наређено је појачавање свих дејстава на удаљеним правцима, према Босанском Новом, Санском Мосту и у источној Банији, ради стварања утиска код непријатеља о непосредној опасности.

Након савладавања отпора у Бихаћу, развити офанзивна дејства ка северу, североистоку и северозападу, уништити повезане посаде и задобијену иницијативу и уздрманост непријатеља.

Ток борбе

Јединице су морале да савладају знатне раздаљине до полазних положаја за напад. Покрети ради концентрације снага почели су 28.10. Јединицама је наређене о нападу са спецификованим циљем и детаљима о ангажовању јединице објављено тек 1. новембра. Међутим, покрети јединица и њихов смер нису могли остати тајна ни за борце ни за народ. Чињеница да је ипак постигнуто наређење говори о јединству народа и војске у том крају и о немоћи власти НДХ да успостави своју обавештајну службу.

Напад је почео 2. новембра у 21:30. Знак за почетак напада дат је испаљивањем граната из две хаубице на упориште Сомишље. Јединице НОВЈ постигле су пуно изненађење - у тренутку напада у граду је још горело електрично осветљење.

Јединице су подишле објектима за напад, а Први батаљон Друге крајишке бригаде под командом народног хероја Ранка Шипке успео је неопажен да се убаци у сам град, у део на десној обали реке Уне. Први батаљон Прве крајишке бригаде провукао се неопажен између непријатељских спољашњих упоришта, и енергичним јуришем за само десет минута заузео Сомишље, најјаче усташско утврђење са леве стране реке Уне.

Истовремени удар на спољашњу и унутрашњу линију одбране, као и из самог града, дезорганизовао је усташко-домобранску одбрану. Током прве ноћи 8. банијска бригада уништила је непријатељска упоришта на северозападном правцу, ликвидирала посаду из Изачића која је покушала да се пробије у град, продрла у део града на десној обали Уне, заузела железничку станицу и околне објекте и повезала се са Другом крајишком бригадом. Друга крајишка продрла је у део града на десној обали Уне са источног правца чистећи успут мања непријатељска упоришта. Током ноћи ове две бригаде запоселе су целокупно подручје града изузев две утврђене зграде из којих је непријатељ још пружао отпор. Овај отпор ликвидиран је током преподнева 3. новембра 1942.

У делу града на левој обали Уне отпор је био јачи и организованији. Прва и Трећа крајишка бригада ликвидирале су спољашња утврђења, а највећи успех било је заузимање Сомишља. Са ових положаја ове две бригаде извршиле су напад на добро утврђени усташки логор у Жегару. Међутим, усташе су одбиле овај напад и у 4 сата предузеле противнапад са намером да поново овладају Сомишљем. Овај напад био је одбијен. Током целе ноћи и наредног дана низали су се напади и противнапади обе стране.

Током преподнева усташка команда из Бихаћа упорно је тражила "моторизовани сдруг" као помоћ од Главног стожера. Испаде усташа из Босанске Крупе и Цазина у правцу Бихаћа успешно су неутралисале Шеста крајишка и Четврта кордунашка бригада. Главни стожер домобранства затражио је помоћ од немачке команде, међутим генерал Штал, командант 714. дивизије, одбио је захтев наводећи као образложење интензивне партизанске активности "на Шамарици, у околини Двора и Босанског Новог". Посада у Бихаћу једино је добила неколико налета авијације као помоћ.

Прва и Трећа крајишка предузеле су одлучни напад на Жегар 3. новембра у 15:00. Усташе су се браниле са фанатичном упорношћу, до последњег. Ипак, упориште је савладано. Након тога ове бригаде наставиле су напредовање ломећи узастопни усташки отпор и током послеподнева и следеће ноћи овладале делом града до канала у центру града. Око мостова преко канала распламсала се борба са наизменичним нападима обе стране. 4. новембра у 12 сати Прва и Трећа краишка бригада извршиле су јуриш преко мостова и по цену знатних губитака прешле канал. Последњи усташки отпор сломљен је око 16 часова истог дана. Овако је борбу на каналу описао Ђуро Кнежевић, један од учесника, десетар у Другој чети Трећег батаљона Прве крајишке бригаде

Бихаћ је ослобођен после 42 сата непрекидне борбе, 4. новембра око четири сата после подне. Остатак усташке посаде који је успео да се извуче из града у покушају да се пробије до Цазина, упао је током ноћи 4./5. новембра у за ту сврху постављену заседу два батаљона Пете и Шесте крајишке бригаде. Упркос великим губицима, захваљујући безусловној решености, група усташа успела је да се пробије преко положаја ових батаљона.

Наставак операције
У Бихаћу је као посадна јединица остављена Трећа крајишка бригада, а остале јединице одмах су упућене према околним непријатељским градовима ради експлоатације успеха.

Друга крајишка бригада упућена је још у току ноћи у правцу Босанске Крупе ради садејства Шестој крајишкој приликом напада на ово место. Међутим, 32. усташка бојна и локалне усташке снаге нису сачекале напад, већ су се у току исте ноћи евакуисале у Босански Нови.

Осмој банијској бригади 4. новембра у 17 часова наређено је да одмах крене преко С. Брековице и Острошца ка Цазину и да се повеже са јединицама 5. крајишке (козарске) и 6. крајишке бригаде које су се налазиле на сектору Острошца.

У времену од 5. до 15. новембра снаге Оперативног штаба за Босанску крајину ослободиле су Босанску Крупу, Отоку, Цазин и Бужим, као низ других насељених места, и блокирале непријатељеве снаге у Босанском Новом. За то време снаге Главног штаба Хрватске ослободиле су Слуњ, Цетинград, Велику Кладушу, Вранограч и низ других насељених места.

Резултати операције
Бихаћком операцијом знатно је увећана и повезана слободна територија. У борбама 2. - 4. новембра убијено је око 800 усташких и домобранских војника и официра, а заробљено је 835 војника и 35 официра са поджупаном на челу. Заплењено је 8 артиљеријских оруђа (4 хаубице, 3 противтенковска и 1 брдски топ), 2 минобацача, и преко 1.500 пушака, аутомата и митраљеза. Јединице НОВЈ имале су 130 погинулих и преко 200 рањених бораца. Заробљени домобрани су већином разоружани и пуштени, док су усташе углавном стрељане. Ова пракса провођена је јавно, тако да је Врховни штаб 18. новембра издао саопштење о стрељању 130 усташа заробљених у Бихаћу.

Бихаћ је постао средиште слободне територије познате као Бихаћка република. У Бихаћу су се одвијале живе и значајне војне, политичке и културне активности. Крајем новембра одржано је прво заседање АВНОЈ-а и УСАОЈ-а.

О борбама за Бихаћ Бранко Ћопић написао је књигу "Делије на Бихаћу".

Јединице НОВ и ПОЈ су са територије Бихаћке републике вршиле офанзивна дејства на околне гарнизоне и диверзије на комуникације. Вођене су против Немаца и усташа борбе за Јајце, Босански Нови и Сански Мост, а против Италијана, усташа и четника борбе за Ливно.

Бихаћ је био слободан до 29. јануара 1943, када га је, у склопу операције Вајс I заузела немачка 7. СС дивизија.

Види још
 Бихаћка република
 Борбе за Ливно 1942.
 Борбе за Јајце 1942.
 Напад НОВЈ на Босански Нови новембра 1942.
 Напад НОВЈ на Сански Мост децембра 1942.

Референце

Литература
 Стево Рауш, Бихаћка операција новембра 1942, Београд 1950;
 Петар Морача, 1942 — преломна побједа народноослободилачког рата, Београд 1957;
 Мишо Лековић, Бихаћка операција новембра 1942, Београд 1972.
 Ослободилачки рат народа Југославије, књига I, Војни историјски институт Југословенске народне армије, Београд 1957
 Слободан Шпегар Шпего: ИЛУСТРОВАНА МОНОГРАФИЈА ПРВЕ КРАЈИШКЕ БРИГАДЕ, Београд 1986
 Милорад Гончин: ДРУГА КРАЈИШКА УДАРНА БРИГАДА, Војноиздавачки завод, Београд 1984
 ТРЕЋА КРАЈИШКА БРИГАДА - СЈЕЋАЊА БОРАЦА , Војноиздавачки завод, Београд 1969.

 ДРУГА ЛИЧКА ПРОЛЕТЕРСКА БРИГАДА - ЗБОРНИК СЈЕЋАЊА , Војноиздавачки и новински центар, Београд 1988.

Спољашње везе

 Душан РОДИЋ: ОД САНИЦЕ ДО БИХАЋА (и наредни чланци)
 IV. усташки стајаћи дјелатни здруг -  Axis History Factbook
 33. усташка бојна -  Axis History Factbook

НОБ у 1942.
Босанска крајина у Народноослободилачкој борби
Босна и Херцеговина у Народноослободилачкој борби
Напади на гарнизоне НДХ
Борбе између НОВЈ и снага НДХ
Операције НОВЈ