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Animation at the Edinburgh Film Festival
I've been pretty busy watching lots of different types of movies during the Edinburgh International Film Festival over the last few days and it hasn't left me much free time to pen some reviews, so apologies in advance for bundling one of the feature length animated films with a quick selection from some of the short animation programmes.
My Entire High School Sinking into the Sea,
Directed by Dash Shaw
Starring Jason Schwartzman, Lena Dunham, Reggie Watts, Maya Rudolph, Susan Sarandon
When I saw this appear in this year's Edinburgh International Film Festival programme I must confess I was minded to book it just on the strength of that title alone – I mean, come on, how could I resist a film with a title like that? Then I found out it was from US comics creator Dash Shaw, so I was doubly determined to go and see it while I had the chance.
Dash and Assaf are best friends at school – in fact the don't really have any other friends, although Dash, now growing out of his teen acne years, is trying to be more positive about the start of their sophomore year and with big plans for what he and Assaf will do on the school paper. Except Dash is a terrible writer and happy to make up screeds of nonsense flavoured with liberal amounts of purple prose. When the school paper's editor Verti assigns Assaf a solo writing job it becomes clear that, in that ancient rights-of-teen-passage, two best friends are about to be parted by a woman coming into the lives of one of them, and Dash isn't happy about it.
In fact Dash is so angry he concocts another of his fake news stories, but this time full of accusations about Assaf, hurtful and quite nasty stuff, which not only hurts their friendship, it earns Dash a visit to the office of Principal Grimm and a note on his permanent record. Still hurt and petulant, Dash sneaks into the archives – a rat-infested basement of cardboard boxes full of school records and confiscated cellphones – to grab his records, but when he does so he also finds some hidden documents about the new senior school auditorium which is about to open on the top floor of Tides High. And among them he finds paperwork from the state surveyor saying the building is already structurally unsound and the new addition will add to that, especially as the school sits above a fault line, right on a cliff by the ocean. Given the location and the film's title (it really does do what it says on the tin!), I think you can see where this is going…
Dash finds that the principal has forged papers saying the building is sound – finally he actually has a real, important, powerful news story for the school paper. But in classic boy who cried wolf mode, nobody believes him even though this time he has a real story and even the documentary evidence. But events are about to prove him right, although too late for many, and crunch and splash, the school is indeed in the sea, and it is sinking. Cue survival time as former friends and mis-matched students and staff – including the formidable Lunch Lady Lorraine (played by Susan Sarandon, no less!) – choose their paths, some leading to watery death, some a possible, desperate way out.
This was huge fun – sure the animation is pretty basic, guessing executed on a really small budget, it's kind of Daria-level animation, but Shaw and company don't let that hinder then, in fact they seem to glory in it, delighting in using odd combinations of colours and perspectives so that, although fairly basic animation, visually it all works nicely, keeping the eyes interested while the story hooks the brain. And yes, the story is essentially mashing a bunch of 1980s high school movies mashed up with The Poseidon Adventure, but it really doesn't matter, it's just a great ride as the kids have to make hard decisions and work together to try and survive, all handled with some out-there artwork and perspectives. Inept teachers, a cool lunch lady, lost juniors, jock-like seniors, gruesome deaths, sinking high school and even sharks, plus friendship and romance and comedy, I mean what else do you need??
The McLaren Animation Awards
I always make a point of going to the annual McLaren Animation strands at the Edinburgh International Film Festival – there are so many interesting short animation works being produced and yet we so rarely get to see them properly, on the big screen in a cinema, so I usually try to get to both strands of the McLaren, which celebrates and promotes new and emerging UK-based animation talent, and, rather pleasingly I think, the awards are voted on by the actual audiences, so it is the people who came along to watch, enjoy and support the works who get to cast the votes which determine the winner.
This year's McLaren Award for British Animation went to Paloma Baeza for Poles Apart, which was a lovely piece of stop-motion work in which a back-packing grizzly bear arrives in the Arctic, and meets a starving polar bear. Using humour and friendship this short story gently raises the increasingly dire spectre of climate change and the human impact on the natural world, without getting on a soap box – in fact at at Q&A after the screening Paloma noted she wanted to say something about this global problem, but not in a way that may put people off or come across as lecturing, and she succeeded admirably in this (and also raised smiles into the bargain, it is a lovely wee work),and kudos to her for getting a major actor like Helen Bonham Carter to voice the polar bear:
There are a good couple of dozen short animation works shown across the two annual McLaren screenings at the film fest, and there isn't really space or time for me to mention each of them, and, as with any collection of quite different works (very different approaches in subject matter, style, execution and so on), some are going to appeal more to some viewers, while others may appeal more to different viewers. But there were so many interesting works that I have to pick out a few that struck me personally.
Will Adams' Nothing to Declare starts as a warm, inviting piece – a young man off on his travels before he settles down to life, sends back a package for his little sister from South America. A little after this, right before Christmas, he returns back to chilly Scotland from Brazil, the family flat is warm and inviting, Christmas music plays, the windows glow with that warm, cosy glow that looks so inviting from a winter street. But when he gets inside it takes a very dark, actually quite gruesome twist that wouldn't be out of place in an old EC Comic – I didn't know until afterwards that the story here was from Scottish comics legend Frank Quitely. Will spoke at the Q&A afterwards and said he and some of those involved used to share space in the famous Hope Street studios in Glasgow with Frank and other creators, and when asked if there may be future collaborations between the animation team and Scottish comickers, he said they hoped to do more (although given the time even short animated films take, it could be a while before we see any new fruits of such collaborations, but fingers crossed!)
(home in time for Christmas – a scene from Nothing to Declare)
Elizabeth Hobbs' G-AAAH was an utter delight. Elizabeth celebrated the epic solo flight from Britain to Australia by Amy Johnson in 1930 (the title refers to the plane's call sign), and she does it all using an old Underwood Typewriter (Amy was a typist before she was a famous flyer). ASCII characters from the old typewriter come to life on the paper, taking the shapes of the aircraft, the stars in the skies, the seas below, it's a beautiful example of the ways in which a talented animator can use almost any medium to create the sense of something vibrant and living.
G-AAAH from Lizzy Hobbs on Vimeo.
Jack Newman's Escape From Syria – Faiza's Story, was based on the testimony of a young mother, Faiza, who saw the slow disintegration of Syria, from their comfortable home to a place of horror and terror; by the time her brother is kidnapped the family realises they, like so many others, cannot stay any longer in their own land and have to flee – the artwork is based on drawings by Faiza's own children, who have seen things no child should, and it gives an added power and emotive blow when watching the film. Jennifer Zheng's Tough explored both the generational and cultural gaps that can happen in immigrant families, her parents Chinese who fled to Britain, the daughter considers herself British through and through, but as she gets older she starts to realise she has a whole cultural heritage she hasn't explored. Sam Healy's Wires (A Cyber Fairy Tale) was only four minutes, but managed to combine both comedy and tragedy as two small robots break the continual loop of their fellows' existence, but find a price to pay.
Escape from Syria – Faiza's story from Bullion on Vimeo.
Tough from Jennifer Zheng on Vimeo.
I loved Lila Babington's Tunnel Vision, a mixture of stop-motion, live-action and puppetry, in which the protagonist chases her errant shoelaces, which slip away in the woods like a writhing worm and burrow underground – on chasing them she finds a strange chamber and an odd creature under the earth, in a short that has a pleasing nod to the great Jan Svankmajer (and perhaps to Del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth as well). Daisy Jacobs' The Full Story uses mixed media animation and live action as a man is showing an estate agent his family home, in preparation for selling it, triggering flashbacks to his childhood and the magical happiness of being a kid slowly being pulled apart as his family breaks up; it's very effective in the different styles used through the short film, and delivers a good emotional wallop. Karni & Saul's Perfect World is an enchanting fairy tale of a mother and child told in a world made from the sugar granules on the kitchen table; it was made for Katie Melua's album In Winter.
Perfect World – Katie Melua from Karni and Saul on Vimeo.
This review was originally penned for the Forbidden Planet Blog
This entry was posted in animation, film and tagged animation, Dash Shaw, Edinburgh International Film Festival, EIFF, film, McLaren Animation Awards, My Entire High School Sinking Into The Sea, review, reviews by Joe. Bookmark the permalink.
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Anti-corruption war: President sacks Mining minister
President John Magufuli of Tanzania, on Wednesday, fired the mining minister and the chief of the state-run mineral audit agency.
They were sacked after receiving a report into whether mining companies were under-declaring the value of their exports.
The president's decision, announced in a speech, signals an escalation of tensions between the government and the industry, which has denied engaging in tax evasion. Mining accounts for about four per cent of Tanzania's gross domestic product.
Magufuli, nicknamed "the Bulldozer" for his strict leadership style, launched a reform drive soon after he was elected by dismissing dozens of senior public officials over allegations of corruption and inefficiency.
He sacked the country's information minister, the first cabinet change since taking office in late 2015.
Also, in April, Magufuli sacked nearly 10,000 civil servants for having fake education certificates. (NAN)
Kaduna Dry Port to commence operation soon
Russian planning to meddle in our elections, Malta alleges
Don't make phone calls while driving, FRSC warns Bayelsa residents

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We may think of inward and outward looking approaches to an author. A pair of opposing forces applied to literary criticism of an author's work. In centrifugal criticism, everything outside the author's literary works flies off into deep space, and what remains is all interior; Athena springs purely from the brow of Zeus and nothing else is necessary to account for her. In the opposing centripetal criticism, all the history of the author's life and times is pulled into the literary works, biography and the exterior world and the kitchen sink; an exterior brawling crowd of gods and goddesses on Olympus signifies that anything that mortals do from impregnation to the Trojan War may be subject to their assistance and hindrance.
I was in a series of conversations the other day involving the English novelist Jane Austen among other topics, and I realized that my fund of ready knowledge was running dry. Now, I have considerable respect for Jane Austen, far more than in my teenage years when I figured that she wrote romances for girls. She is a very percipient and subtle writer as is obvious from the interior of her books' characters and plots; and I know a few interesting external facts such as her increased appreciation for the British Navy by the time of writing Persuasion; and how money from slave labor in the West Indies built fortunes in England, as in "the Silence of the Bertrams" in Mansfield Park.
Still, running out of Jane Austen conversational material is distressing, and risks social ostracism in great and small literary soirees. So in a muted flash of inspiration, I let my stream of unconsciousness flow inward, centripetally pulling in all sorts of biographical material that is not often applied to our author's writings, for the plain and simple reason that I made it up. The detailed application of this material to the writings is left as an exercise for the reader.
When Jane Austen was twelve years old she disguised herself as a boy and stowed away on a South Seas trader sailing around the Horn and worked as a cabin boy until she jumped ship in Australia where she sold wallaby hides to newly arrived convicts and then she signed on to another ship which was shipwrecked on a coral reef near an obscure island in Micronesia where she was rescued by natives who worshipped her as the Spirit of the Reef and eventually the hijacked HMS Bounty came along and she went with the mutineers to Pitcairn Island where she ate abalone and invented many of the characters in English society that she would use in her novels until one day she was swimming beyond the rocks and another ship picked her out of the sea and they went to Japan and then China where she lived as a Mandarin diplomat for some time this being the stimulus for much of the subtlety of her story plots and eventually she met a literary agent who promised her fame and success in England but really he only was interested in her tea fortune so she had to begin writing in obscurity but never got around to telling in fictional form all the details of her years in the South Seas.
Centripetal criticism pulls it all in, history and biography and the kitchen sink. Now you know.


Big Bang is Coming to an End?!
CBS's extremely successful sitcom, "The Big Bang Theory," is finally reaching its endpoint. The sitcom has lasted for a total of 12 seasons, with its upcoming 12th season being its last.
Warner Bros. also said that the show will be the longest-running multi camera comedy in TV history. "The Big Bang Theory" will finish at 279 episodes beating out "Cheers" which had 275 episodes. During its run, starting in 2007, it has been nominated for a total of 52 Emmy Awards and has consistently been one of the most watched television series around.
Although it be a surprise to many, the concluding season to the series has been talked discussed for a while. Johnny Galecki said back in January that he and fellow cast members would be content to end with Season 12.
"The Big Bang Theory" will starts its final season on Monday, September 24th, going back to it's normal Thursday at 8 P.M slot after the premiere.


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You are here: Home / Estates & Farms / Tunlaw Farm / Tunlaw Farm
Possibly as early as 1819, and certainly by 1826, to judge from his son's age, Alexander Burrows farmed 96 acres that were out of John Threlkeld's tract Alliance. Those 96 acres are now called Wesley Heights.
John Threlkeld, having been indebted for some time to [his tenant?] Alexander Burrows, makes over to him, as security for the debt of four hundred dollars, a "dark yellow" woman named Jenny, together with her children. (DC Liber WB11 (1824), f.7/5)
Since the deed recites that Jenny was already part of the Burrows household, it is possible that she had been "hired out" to him. The four hundred dollars must have been repaid, as the census record does not show that Alexander Burrows was ever a slave owner. It is possible, however, that John Burrows was a slaveowner: "Baptized Eliza born the 1 of March 1816 of Marge a servant of John Burrows, living near Tenly Town. Godfather Joseph Brigdon, Godmother Mary Bateman". (Marriage Register, Holy Trinity Church, Georgetown D.C., February 9, 1817)
The Bank of Columbia, of which John Threlkeld was a director, failed in 1826. To satisfy Threlkeld's creditors Alliance, consisting of 296 acres, was sold at auction to the Bank of the United States. Alexander Burrows came away with about a third of it. (DC Liber WB20 (1828) f.480; Clement Smith to Burrows; DC Liber WB53 (1835) f. 362/271, re 96 acres, which records the final sale).
"Died on Sunday last at Burleith, residence of John Threlkeld, Elizabeth R. Threlkeld, in her 16th year, eight days after her mother." (National Intelligencer, August 31, 1826)
The fact that the Burrows house was the scene of John Threlkeld's sale of 24 slaves––many of whom had been slaves of Threlkeld's wife and daughter, now both deceased––makes it seem likely that Burrows worked for Threlkeld, and that Threlkeld's slaves lived and worked, at or near the Burrows farm.
Marshall's sale, Circuit Court of Washington County, DC:
24 slaves, also mules and carts, etc. Goods and chattels seized and taken as property of John Threlkeld, to be sold to satisfy a debt due by him to the Bank of the United States. Sale at the dwelling of Alexander Burrows. -Tench Ringgold, Marshall
Slaves listed for sale: Charity, Fanny, Sandy, Jerry, Nace, Henry, Jem, Bill, Anne, Lucy; Nancy and her children George, Penn, Mary, Francis, Henry; Flora and her children Robert, Jos, Fanny, Mary, Jane, Patty, Betsy, Harry.
(National Intelligencer, December 24, 1827)
Alexander (his "X" mark) Burrus is recorded as a witness, DC Probate Records 3 May 1843, when John Burrus, of the County of Washington, leaves property to his son Samuel Burrus.
Samuel Burrows is mentioned in Helms's Tenleytown, and lived at about 45th and Fessenden in 1858. It is likely Alexander was related to John, and therefore to Samuel, etc., so all the Alexander Burrows bills and receipts dating from 1820, at the Peabody Room, Georgetown Library, probably belong to one family. A Samuel Burrows, born circa 1826, was living in Alexander Burrows' household in 1850.
Elizabeth Burrows petitioned the Circuit Court of DC, 17 January, 1844, regarding the Georgetown Powder Magazine. The object of her petition was at about Fulton Street and Tunlaw Road, contiguous to Alexander Burrows farm. It is likely Elizabeth was related to Alexander, possibly his wife.
Alexander's 1850 census entry shows him at age 62, farmer, born Maryland, with $3000 worth of land. A likely son, Samuel, age 24, was born in Washington County.
Alexander's 1855 county assessment lists: 100 acres, 1 horse. The 1860 census shows Alexander Burrows, age 75, Farmer, land worth $5000, personal $300, born Maryland, illiterate.
In his house is a possible daughter-in-law, Mary, age 36, born DC circa 1824. Mary has 4 children with her: Elizabeth, 13; Joseph, 12; Margaret, 9; James, 6. One or two children may be grown up.
Trinity Church Death Register, p.110: Burroughs, Alander, March 1862, age 85.
When Alexander Burrows died in 1862, the property was auctioned according to his wishes, and bought by two Georgetown merchants, Esau and Adolphus Pickrell (DC Liber JAS222 (17 July, 1862) f.87/79). This deed recites that Alexander Burrows died leaving a will, that his property was part of Alliance, on east side of road that leads from the Ridge road to John Mason's foundry north to the private road of Clement Smith adjoining Nathan Luffboro: consisting of 96 acres, with improvements, which were bought by Burrows of Clement Smith June 20, 1835 (DC Liber WB54 ff.362-4); to be sold at auction; $4949 paid.
Adolphus Pickrell's son-in-law, Thomas L. Hume, used the old Burrows farm as a country house, and a social item in the newspaper lets us know the playful name by which it ––and they––were known: "Col. Robert Ould is entertained by the "Tunlaws" at their retreat on the Heights." (Georgetown Courier, July 6,1867)
"For the information of those who are ignorant of the location of this peculiarly named country seat it may be as well to state that "Tunlaw Farm" is the country home of Mr. Pickerell, of Georgetown, and Mr. Thomas L. Hume, of Washington. Mr. Hume annually entertains his friends there, and the day selected is the 4th of July." (Star, July 5, 1873)
Tunlaw Farm Greenhouses, Office, 807 Market Space, Washington, D.C.
Select BEDDING PLANTS, at 60, 75c. and $1 per dozen. Fine mixed GLADIOLUS, at 60 and 75 cents per dozen.
(Star May 8, 1880)
Adolphus H. Pickrell died in 1879 (Star, May 3, 1879). In 1881, the year Thomas L. Hume died (National Republican, October 24, 1881, p.1), a real estate map ascribed more than 100 acres of Tunlaw farm to the estate of Hume's father-in-law; by 1884, nearly all of it is marked "A. Pickrell".
The farm house burned down in 1887: "Once the property of A.H. Pickrell… country seat of his son-in-law the late T.L. Hume… where he used to entertain his friends in royal style… rented to Dr. Green and Samuel Schaeffer, of the Navy, and their families… thirteen room house… probably a chimney fire… contents lost worth $3000… house worth $5000, only insured for $2000… property bought before the war from Sandy Burrows… the name is "walnut," spelled backward". ("Fire Destroys Residence at Tunlaw Farm", Star, September 1, 1887)
To judge by the 1903 Baist map (below), the ruins of the farm house may have stood at about 3005 45th Street. Of other outbuildings a spring house still survives behind 4530 Klingle Street (thanks to Courtney Ward for this information).
The prominent walnut tree that gave rise to the name Tunlaw Farm was cut down in 1916, and sold to an agent of the British government, to be turned into gunstocks for the British army. The land syndicate that now owned Wesley Heights received $120 for it. The celebrated tree was reported to have stood about 300 yards south of the main building of American University (Hurst Hall), and to have been 900 years old! (Capital Loses Walnut Needed at the Front––Famous Old Tunlaw Tree, Near American University, Will Be Used for Gunstocks for British Army "Somewhere in France", Washington Times, March 23, 1916, p.5)
Tunlaw Farm was purchased by real estate auctioneer John F. Waggaman, who subdivided it as Wesley Heights in 1890, and built five houses: NW corner of Ridge Road and Lowell Street; SW corner of Ridge and Loughborough Road; NW corner of Klingle and 45th Streets; NW of Cathedral Avenue and Tunlaw Road; and on the triangle between Tunlaw Road and Hawthorne and 43rd Streets. Two more were built by lot owners on the east side of 45th Street between Lowell and Macomb Streets; and on the west side of Tunlaw Road between Hawthorne and Garfield Streets. (Gustavus A. Weber, "A Short History of Wesley Heights", The Leaves of Wesley Heights, April 1930)
Waggaman clearly intended the new suburb to be associated with the projected national Methodist center, which survives today in the form of Metropolitan Memorial Methodist Church, Wesley Seminary, and American University. Advertisements for Wesley Heights do not mention Tunlaw Farm. (Sunday Herald and Weekly National Intelligencer, September 14, 1890, p.10)
Washington Post, May 17, 1891, pg. 6
Development came to a standstill in the financial depression of 1893. Annie G. Hume, widow of Thomas L. Hume, died December 17, 1895. Mary E. Pickrell, wife and heir of Adolphus H. Pickrell, died November 12, 1897.
Suit Against Waggaman: Bankrupt Defendant in Proceedings to Foreclose Trust Deed. Court Authorizes Employment of Expert Accountants to Examine Books of Real Estate Dealer. (Washington Post, Jan 7, 1905)
The subdivision of Wesley Heights, with its earlier street names. The Tunlaw farmhouse can be seen east of 45th Street, between Hartford and Joliet Streets––now Hawthorne Street and Cathedral Avenue––with various outbuildings north of it. (Baist Real Estate Atlas of Washington, 1903, plate 20)
Northern Wesley Heights, Army Air Corps Aerial composite photograph, 1922.
Southern Wesley Heights, 1922.
An outbuilding of the farm, in the bed of 45th Street NW, just north of Jewett Street/Cathedral Avenue. (Baist Real Estate Map of Washington, 1921)
Who Named Tunlaw Farm?
The earliest appearance in print of the name: "Col. Robert Ould is entertained by the "Tunlaws" at their retreat on the Heights." (Georgetown Courier, July 6, 1867.)
The following year the editor of the Georgetown Courier, extolling the virtues of the "Tunlaw Club Cigar", the editor went on to promote its namesake: "A delightful spot on the Heights, the property of one of our well-known merchants, has been rendered famous by the versatile genius of the leading spirit of the Club, who christened it Tunlaw, where many pleasant hours have been passed by the members, and the introduction of this excellent brand of Cigars will doubtless prove quite acceptable as commemorative of the place." (Georgetown Courier, August 8, 1868)
A few years later the editor of the Courier clarified: the owner of Tunlaw farm was Adolphus Pickrell, and the versatile genius who christened it was his son-in-law, Thomas L. Hume. "For the information of those who are ignorant of the location of this peculiarly named country seat it may be as well to state that "Tunlaw Farm" is the country home of Mr. Pickerell, of Georgetown, and Mr. Thomas L. Hume, of Washington. Mr. Hume annually entertains his friends there, and the day selected is the 4th of July." (Star, July 5, 1873)
Some forty years after the events someone mentioned Ulysses Grant into the tale: "The house and farm went unnamed until one day in the summer of 1875 when General Grant, General Sherman, a number of Congressmen and prominent Washingtonians were seated beneath the tree with their hosts. The question of a name was discussed, and finally, an ingenious member of the party suggested Tunlaw, which spells walnut backward. It was adopted." (Washington Times, March 23, 1916, p.5)
Eighty years after the events, when "The Rambler" asked his readers to explain the origin of the name, most of the replies were playful, and not intended to be taken seriously: "Tunlaw Road was named by someone walking up Walnut street backwards". But two readers knew of the connection to a Mr. Hume, and one of them had read something about the origin of the name: "One day when Gen. Grant, who was a friend of his, was there, Mr. Hume said he couldn't think of a name for the place. Gen. Grant looked around and noticing the walnut trees said: 'Why not turn walnut around and call it Tunlaw?'" ("The Rambler", Star, February 7, 1957)
The following week Thomas L. Hume's grandson wrote to point out that the farm had its name before Grant was a guest. It did no good, and in 1977, Grant was still being dragged into the story: "Hume is thought to have called the farm Tunlaw––walnut spelled backwards––at the suggestion of President Grant; a huge walnut tree was the farm's striking feature." ("The Rambler", Star, February 13, 1957; The City of Washington: An Illustrated History, 1977, p.290)
The Fourth of July at Tunlaw Farm
"For the information of those who are ignorant of the location of this peculiarly named country seat it may be as well to state that "Tunlaw Farm" is the country home of Mr. Pickerell, of Georgetown, and Mr. Thomas L. Hume, of Washington. Mr. Hume annually entertains his friends there, and the day selected is the 4th of July.On these occasions at "Tunlaw" Independence reigns supreme. The guests are made to feel at home by the hearty hospitality of Mr. Hume, and many amusements are prepared for their enjoyment. To lose any part of the day at "Tunlaw" is ever to be regretted, and some of the shrewd and knowing ones arrived at the scene the night before the fourth, while others, more bashful, drove up in time for breakfast. Ten o'clock yesterday morning found the complement of guests under the ancient walnut tree, which makes the farm famous around the country, and which yesterday spread its hospitable branches over a very happy party. Among the guests were Governor Cooke, Judge M[a]cArthur, Mr. Richard Harrington, Mr. N.B. Fugit, Henry Dodge, A.M. Clapp, [Maud?] Kellinger, John F. Ennis, and numerous others of Mr. H's patriotic friends.He catered most successfully to the tastes of his guests in the way of amusement––there being cards, quoits, and a variety of other enjoyable attractions. Messrs. Seligson, Bradley, Ball, Fugit, Davis and Jones blended their voices in some very grateful harmonies, and added no little to the day's pleasure. The genius of the day, Mr. Kellinger, convulsed the assembly during his evidence given in the mock trial, which was presided over by his honor Judge MacArthur, Mr. Harrington being the prosecuting attorney and Governor Cooke foreman of the jury. Owing to the shrewdness of Mr. Ennis, the defendant's counsel, Mr. Boarman, of the Bank of Washington, was saved an ignominious verdict at the hands of the jury. The table provided by the host was ladened with the delicacies of the season, and was kept ready for the wants of the guests continually through the day. Toasts were interchanged, and many amusing speeches were made in response. It was a late hour before the last guest could make up his mind to leave the lovely grove, and the unanimous verdict of the guests was that to celebrate the Fourth rationally and gloriously, it must be spent with Mr. Hume at Tunlaw, (Walnut.)"
("The Glorious Fourth at Tunlaw", Star, July 5, 1873)
"At Tunlaw Heights.––As has been the custom of Mr. Thomas L. Hume for the past thirteen years, he entertained a large party of his friends on the Fourth at "Tunlaw", his farm, just beyond the range of the classic ridge known as Georgetown Heights. At an early hour, in response to the following invitation, quite a large party were assembled:
Washington, D.C., June 19, 1874; Mr._______: You are respectfully invited to spend the Fourth of July under the shades of "Tunlaw Farm" with a few mutual friends. Nine o'clock A.M. Thomas L. Hume. Please signify your acceptance."
"After social converse and other enjoyments, at 3 P.M. the signal for dinner assembled the party around the long tables, which fairly groaned with the results of the culinary art". Governor Shepherd proposed the health of "a gentleman well known to us all, and one who by his benevolence and friendship has added to our enjoyment for many Fourth of July past as well as the present. I need not say that I refer to our host, Thomas L. Hume." Hume acknowledged the applause of his guests, extending a "genuine Tunlaw welcome", and then proposed a toast to "a distinguished citizen present, whom we all delight to honor, General William T. Sherman, General of the Army of the United States. [Applause.] General Sherman rose to reply, and was received with three cheers and a 'tiger'". After Sherman's remarks concluded, Cooke introduced one of the new District Commissioners, William Dennison, who addressed the gathering. Mr. Hume proposed a toast to Ex-Governor Alexander Shepherd, who was also given "three cheers and a tiger" and spoke "with much feeling". The general theme of the speeches was reassurance to Washington's businessmen, that the capital of the United States would stay in Washington, and that progress achieved under Governors Cooke and Shepherd would not be lost under Commissioner Dennison.
("The Glorious Fourth, How The Day Was Celebrated", Chronicle, July 6, 1874)
"A large party of friends will be entertained by Mr. Thomas L. Hume. This will be a gathering of congenial spirits and gentlemen of unbounded patriotism. The day will be consumed in pouring out suitable libations to the protecting deities of our country, in singing national songs and in making eloquent speeches. Besides this a splendid Banquet will add much to the pleasures of the day."
(National Republican, July 3, 1875)
"Our public spirited and large hearted fellow citizen, Thomas L. Hume, esq., gave yesterday his fifth annual Fourth-of-July entertainment at his country seat near Tenallytown." It was reported that Hume provided two hundred guests with "a perpetual lunch for all, (with liquid attachments embracing wines, brandies, whiskies, mixed drinks, and plain lemonade,) cigars for all, and towards evening a dinner, which was not only ample but excellent. The first thing to do on arriving was to take a cool drink out of that great bowl – filled with a cheering concoction known as "Tunlaw punch," the secret of compounding which ambrosial fluid is known only to the host." There is no mention of women or children at these patriotic gatherings.
("The Day At Tunlaw", Star, July 5, 1875)
"Under the shades of Tunlaw farm, the country residence of Mr. T. L. Hume, his friends, to the number of two hundred, assembled as per invitation, and spent the day as guests of the proprietor. The ordinary amusements of such parties were resorted to with success, and in the afternoon a splendid feast was served. This dinner was supplemented by the bubbling out of the patriotism of the parties which had been kept bottled up all day. It took shape of speeches by Joseph H Bradley, esq.; Hon. C.A. Eldridge, Colonel Ward H. Lamon. A. R. Shepherd, esq., and others, and songs by the Tunlaw glee club. This was the fifth Fourth of July reunion given at Tunlaw, and the universal wish of the guests as they departed was, "May there be a sixth reunion, and may we be here to enjoy it."
The Tunlaw Farm Photo
A Fourth of July at Tunlaw Farm (detail): seated, from the right: first, William Dennison; fourth, Alexander Shepherd; sixth, Henry D. Cooke; seventh, William T. Sherman. The seated man with the white beard, at the far left, has been said to be Ulysses Grant, but the identification is questionable. (The City of Washington: An Illustrated History, 1977, p.290)
The City of Washington: An Illustrated History (1977) shows a photograph of a party gathered at Tunlaw farm, and the caption gives the date as July 5, 1875. It is, however, more likely the photograph was taken a year earlier, when General Sherman, Governors Cooke and Shepherd, and District Commissioner William Dennison––who can all be identified in the photograph––were reported in the press to have attended Thomas Hume's Fourth of July festivities. ("The Glorious Fourth, How The Day Was Celebrated", Chronicle, July 6, 1874; "The Fourth at Tunlaw", Star, July 6, 1874; "Independence Day.––At Tunlaw", National Republican, July 3, 1875; "The Day At Tunlaw", Star, July 5, 1875; National Republican, July 7, 1875)
The same caption in The City of Washington also identifies one of the men in the picture as President Grant. This identification has two problems: neither the news accounts of 1874, nor those of 1875, mention the presence of the President; and Grant's movements on those holidays are known to have been out of Washington: on July 4, 1874, Grant was en route to the "President's Cottage" at Long Branch, New Jersey; and on July 4, 1875, President Grant visited Heightstown, N.J., and then returned to Long Branch.
"What the Presidents Did On the Fourth of July", James R. Heintze, American University: http://www1.american.edu/heintze/FourthPres.htm
The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Ulysses S. Grant Association (John Y. Simon, editor); a chronology extracted from The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant is available at: http://library.msstate.edu/usgrant/chronology.asp
Filed Under: Tunlaw Farm


Before the twentieth century, U.S. courts refused to protect copyright in advertisements. Until the middle of the twentieth century, advertising slogans generally were not registered or protected under U.S. trademark law. Today, firms can acquire copyright protection in advertising and there is no categorical rule against trademark registration or protection of slogans. This Article questions whether this extension of copyright protection to advertising and trademark protection to slogans has a satisfactory utilitarian justification[...] If it is too difficult to completely eliminate copyright protection of advertising, Congress should at least consider reducing such protection to increase the free flow of advertising expression. This Article proposes two revisions to the U.S. Copyright Act to accomplish this goal. First, Congress could amend Section 102(b) to state that advertising is only entitled to thin copyright protection against virtually identical copying of the work. Although the doctrine of "thin" copyright is used for factual compilations and other works for reasons that do not apply to original and creative advertising works, this framework, which requires virtual identity between the original and accused works, should more effectively balance the interests of copyright holders and later advertisers and commentators. Second, Congress could clarify in Section 107 that the first factor of the statutory fair use defense weighs in favor of a finding of fair use if the defendant used the plaintiff's copyrighted advertising expression in comparative advertising. If Congress revises Section 102 and 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act to enable more unauthorized uses of copyrighted advertising expression during the copyright term, this may reduce the harm to free expression caused by copyright protection of advertising and increase net social welfare[...] This Article attempts to provide a full evaluation of the utilitarian justification for copyright in advertising and trademark rights in slogans. Part II explains how the United States uses copyright and trademark law to protect exclusive rights in advertising and slogans. In Part III and IV, this Article explores whether copyright in advertising and trademark rights in slogans can be justified under traditional utilitarian theory. The answer is probably not, with the caveat that it may be too difficult and costly to distinguish between advertising and other copyrighted works in light of recent changes in the advertising industry. Since U.S. intellectual property laws are primarily based on utilitarian theory, legislators should consider reducing copyright protection of advertising and eliminating trademark protection of slogans.
Lisa P. Ramsey, Intellectual Property Rights in Advertising, 12 Mich. Telecomm. & Tech. L. Rev. 189 (2006).


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Data shows that an increasing number of people are dying from drug-related overdoses in Connecticut every year. To fight this problem, the U.S. Attorney's Office is going after the source.
1. Three men were arrested by federal authorities in January for their alleged role in providing heroin to an overdose victim from Woodbridge. The 22-year-old man in Woodbridge died from an overdose in November, according to court records.. Reginald Miles, Jr., 25, of Waterbury, and Wade Pettingill, 23, and Kevin Foster, 23, both of Middlebury, are all believed to be connected with distributing heroin to the victim, authorities said. Foster has pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute heroin and is scheduled to be sentenced in June. Neither Miles nor Pettingill have been indicted on the charges. Miles is being held without bond and Pettingill is out on a $100,000 bond, according to court records.
2. Two Hamden men were arrested in February in connection with an oxycodone overdose of a Westin man in January. When the affidavit was filed in February, the 20-year-old victim was still unresponsive. According to court records, the victim was also involved in the buying and selling of the illegal drugs. Tahir Farid, 21, and Ryan Looney, 19, have not yet been indicted by a federal grand jury.
3. A 20-year-old Derby man was arrested in February in connection with one fatal and two non-fatal heroin overdoses in Shelton earlier that month. Bradley Commerford is scheduled to appear in federal court for a probable cause hearing on April 29. Commerford has previously been arrested and charged in state court on distribution of controlled substance charges, according to court records.
4. Ryan Budd, 25, of Bethel was arrested in March in connection with an overdose death of a 25-year-old woman in Danbury on March 1. Budd is currently free on a $100,000 bond. According to the affidavit, Budd is also suspected of being a drug supplier in connection with other non-fatal overdoses in Connecticut.
To read more of The Register's coverage on the heroin epidemic in Connecticut, visit this link.


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A computer can do many, many things. Maybe you want to talk to friends on social media or make some home movies. Regardless of your reasons for buying, learn how to get a new desktop with the tips below.
Take measurements of the space where the desktop will be kept. Desktop computers come in all different sizes, depending on model and brand. Some are small, but others take up much more space. Make sure that you get a computer that fits your space.
Always get a warranty with a new computer. This is important in case the computer locks up or becomes unusable. You can simply return it to the store and get it replaced.
If you are considering a Mac, but want to use your PC programs or applications, consider buying Parallels for Mac. This is a software program that essentially allows you to use a PC's operating system right on the Mac. This means you will have the ability to run any software that was made for a PC. Remember the PC systems must be purchased separately.
Gamers need to buy specific rigs. The computer should have memory that is 4 GB or higher, high resolution and a video card. It is also possible to purchase a keyboard or controller to improve gaming.
Do you have a good amount of memory in the computer you might buy? Sufficient memory can make a big difference in your desktop. Will you need a lot of space? Are you a prolific photographer? These questions are important when you have a computer and are looking to get exactly what you want.
Desktops can be purchased for less than laptops, usually. You can get a computer for a few hundred dollars which works extremely well. Make sure you buy the desktop computer from a reputable store that will guarantee the sale.
Don't cheap out on your next computer. Sometimes, these computers are cheap for a reason. Be sure to buy from a reputable manufacturer, computer store, or other online marketplaces. If the price seems unbelievable, there may be a reason for that. Independent sellers might offer you a great deal, but the devices might require repairs.
If you're considering upgrading a new desktop before you buy, find out if you're able to do so when purchasing it. Many times, it is cheaper to let the seller do the upgrades instead of buying add-ons separately.
There is a lot to know when you want to purchase a new computer. It's is always easier to complete a task when you have some basic knowledge. It can even be a fun experience if you put this advice to good use.


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text:
Lunar Living Astrology
Leo New Moon
Links - Resources
Lunar Living
JAstrology
Astroscoped
Signs of Intelligence
in: Leo 16°
August 8, 2021 @ 1:50 p.m. GMT
August 8, 2021 @ 6:50 a.m. PDT -7
Sun is Leo, 16° 14'
Moon is Leo, 16° 14'
The new moon in Leo is always an interesting connection; not at all like the new moon in Cancer, where the Moon is the ruler, while Leo is the sign that the Sun rules. The new moon in Leo is more like a party where everyone wants to be the attention seeker or, at the very least, noticed for skills and talents. Last month, the Sun did its best to cater to the Cancer traits, and this time, the Moon will do its best to cater to the Leo traits.
The Moon was transiting Out of Bounds (OOB) August 4th through 7th, and it is no longer contributing to our stressors. Moon will be OOB again on August 17th through 20th. Keep aware of how we are dealing with stress, both emotional and physical. The Moon's OOB can also trigger memories of difficult situations that we survived. No other planets are transiting OOB this month. Pluto continues on its trek in the high declination region for the entire month. We may, or may not, feel it. Those of us who have planetary placements that are conjunct with Pluto's transit are most likely to feel SomeThing extra!
The new moon is square to Uranus (the only outer planet not in retrograde transit at the moment) in Taurus. Don't be surprised if we end up getting a huge surprise today. There may be challenges in how we deal with the event that Uranus has in store for us. We will be expected to think "outside the box" in finding a solution. Find the right solution, and we find relief.
The only other planet in Leo is Mercury. Mercury is the apex of a Yod (mirrored quincunx aspects) from Neptune retrograde in Pisces and Pluto retrograde in Capricorn. In other words, all eyes are on Mercury. Pluto and Neptune are seemingly hidden from view, yet still pulling strings on the event. Mercury's role in this is setting the stage for both the Sun and Moon when they transit over 23 degrees Leo. Moon will move over this degree, retriggering the Yod on the 9th of August. Then on the 16th, the Sun will retrigger this area. And, we ask, "what is being triggered?" Most likely, there will be misunderstandings about "who we are" or "what we are." Mercury brings up a sense of "devaluing" within a yod, while Pluto takes on the role of changing that, and Neptune takes on the role of masking or pretending that it is something else altogether. Nothing serious, just annoying.
Venus is in Virgo and is also tapping into the Yod but from a different angle. Venus is trine to Pluto retrograde and opposing Neptune retrograde, to form a Wedge pattern. These influences all are blended together without any one standout of possibilities. Yet, the potentials are many. It could involve money, love/sex, relationships, talents, and Venus, being in Virgo could also bring up matters involving coworkers, personal health, gossip, or even just, cleaning and organizing our possessions. Again, the ties back to Pluto and Neptune retrogrades also involve change, taking control, or clearing the deck, to ignoring, avoiding, or pretending that it simply does not matter. The nice feature about a wedge is that we are given two doors of options to choose from. Finding the better option is the difficult part.
*Mars' transit through Virgo tends to push us to find meaning in our jobs or our roles. Virgo and Mars together enhance our ability to see value, whether that involves making the best, most intricate doodads or grandscale whatchamabobs. Mars pushes us to plan, organize, and pay attention to all the minor details. This can be intellectually draining, so be certain to include time to sleep and exercise in between all the planning.
Jupiter retrograde has moved back into Aquarius. If we felt on edge the past week, that's because Jupiter was moving back over the Anaretic Degree of Aquarius. Now we are just dealing with the retrograde motion factor, and not the intensity of the 29th degree. We are re-evaluating all that we may have felt while Jupiter was direct in this degree, during the first week of May. Let's see, during that time, we learned the Olympia Dukakis died, the Derek Chauvin jurors were speaking out, a Catholic archbishop was speaking his opinions about communion "etiquette," more court opinions regarding excessive force used by police, and much ado about "critical race theory," to name a few. We are likely to revisit the matters from that time period, but from a different point of view. No current aspects with Jupiter to muddy up the observations.
Saturn retrograde in Aquarius is just backing out of a square to Uranus in Taurus. Don't over think spontaneous comments you hear from friends or family. We are working through ideas and opinions, and may be guilty of spouting our own perspectives, too. Try not to take or make any of them personal.
This covers the aspects for the day, and overall, we should be able to navigate without too much difficulty. There's balance between the masculine and feminine receptives, there's mostly balance with the four elemental signs, and the only area that we might feel a bit sluggish is our drive and motivation, with six planets in Fixed Quality signs. Thankfully, there are enough Mutable placements to help us to adapt as needed.
* Note - Error on original article used the sign Leo for Mars, when Virgo was intended. Overall intent was correct, but the error was the sign used. Sorry about that.
Meditation for the August 8th New Moon
When are we truly ourselves?
© J. McCaul - Lunar Living Astrology, 2021 (All Rights Reserved)
1) Goldschneider, G. 1994, The secret language of birthdays, New York, NY; London, Engl.: Victoria, Austr.: Auckland, NZ., Penguin Studio Books.
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View Planetary Configurations


Rt.8 to turn on Montrose, R on Montclair, L on Audrey. House is on right.
MOTIVATED SELLER has moved out of town...Sold AS IS!!! Large front porch greets you. This spacious home features 3 bedrooms, 1-1/2 baths, large eat-in kitchen, formal dining/living rooms and family room on 1st floor. Newer windows, shingles and vinyl siding. Plenty of parking on drive at rear. Conveniently located on a private dead end street.
NOTE: This property was sold on 2/2/2017 and is no longer available. The details listed below are believed accurate to the date of the sale and are subject to change.


A few weeks ago, Mayhem pulled out a gift she received for Christmas last year, and it sparked a new creative venture. Pot holders. She sat, loom on desk, and carefully divided all the loops she had into Roy G Biv organized piles.
But as quickly as she separated the colors, the little piles disappeared into patterns on the loom. Off to Amazon I went in search for more loops. We decided to try some new ones as well as the ones we were familiar with. We even picked up an additional loom because sometimes it's easier to keep going on pattern making than to slow down to tie them off.
Our stash of pot holders began to mount and I asked what she thought we should do with them. "Sell them, of course" was the response I received.
Easy enough, I thought, we could put these here on our site and let people shop at their convenience. But Mayhem had other ideas … she wanted to sell in person.
But WHERE were we going to do that?!
Ahhhhhh! The City Flea was what she had in mind, so I hopped online to check out vendor applications. Only I quickly found that applications are closed for the next three months. Bummer.
And then I had an idea. Our friends at Game Day Feels (formerly known as Baseball Lacelets … but their business is growing like WHOA and a little rebranding was needed) have a studio space where they make their products and occasionally open to the public to sell. So I emailed Alexis and asked if they were having any studio sales anytime soon and if so, if they would be open to letting Mayhem set up a table for selling her pot holders.
As luck would have it, we were only about ten days away from their next studio sale and they were more than happy to let Mayhem set up shop with them. Mayhem was ecstatic! Partly because she'd get to sell her pot holders, and partly because she'd get to hang with Alexis and Hannah who she adores. Ever since meeting the makers behind the Lacelets a couple years back, Mayhem finds any chance to hang out with them and have some creative fun.
And over the weekend, the day finally arrived. Alexis welcomed Mayhem with open arms and provided her with the space to set up her own little pop-up shop. Customers came and browsed (and did indeed ask a few questions) and made some purchases.
In the end, Mayhem sold about 75% of her pot holder stash and has given us permission to sell the rest online … but only because the Game Day Feels girls convinced her that online is definitely the way to go 😉 .
Possibly the best part of the day though, was when things were winding down and it was getting close to closing time. Alexis sat down to sort through a bag of their scrap material and Mayhem sat beside her. Wanna know what happened next? Pure magic.
There's nothing quite like watching creativity unfold before your very eyes and as a parent, there's nothing better than seeing other people encourage that in your child. To be completely honest, I haven't met very many adults who will sit and listen to the ideas of kids and even fewer who will sit with them and make those ideas happen. But as Mayhem sat with Alexis, ideas unfolded and new stuff was created. And it was awesome.
In the couple days since, it's sparked some conversation about how important it is to surround ourselves with the dreamers and the doers … and the encouragers. And to make sure we're those people as well. Dreaming, doing, thinking, believing and seeing (and encouraging) the greatness in others.
Massive thanks to Alexis and Kelsey (sorry we missed you Hannah!) at Game Day Feels for dreaming and doing with us this weekend!!!
Plastic weaving loom kit and replacement loops.
I'm so happy you'll sell some online. I'm surprised you didn't sell out and I know that's only cuz most of us don't live near enough lol.
How much are they? Would she take orders ahead for color choices and make more?
If I'm lucky enough to get thru the huge amount of us who want them and snag a pair, I'm not even sure if I should use them or vacuum seal them up to keep till she's famous someday hahaha.
Absolutely love the ones I bought! So great meeting you both, watching joy spread across her face when she talks about each design is just priceless!
This is so inspiring! As a kid, I had a greeting card business and a chocolate-making business (thank you neighbors for being great patrons!) I think anything that inspires creativity and entrepreneurship is so great, especially when you make the product yourself. And a few months back, I bought my own Lacelet. I would never have know about them if it wasn't for you and Mayhem. I wear it every day and it has a little message of courage that has been very much needed during medical school.
I am inspired by Mayhem's insistence to sell in person. Mayhem makes entrepreneurship look so fun and enjoyable! I also like it that her potholder business just grew naturally out of her love for creating things. Your new blog post communicates the sheer joy that Mayhem has for ventures like this. Good luck to you and Mayhem and I look forward to reading about your new adventures!


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Tix $15 on door. Doors 9pm - 3am.
Dig Daddy, it's a natural fact! Shimmy Shimmy is back for 2016! Melbourne's wildest dance party returns for 2016 to The Gasometer Hotel for a night of frenetic hip shakin' and rawkus R&B / Soul / Garage / Popcorn / Surf and Rock n Roll.
Melbourne's primitive garage kings Thee Wyld Oscars will also be joining us which is a real thrill! GET DRESSED UP TO GET MESSED UP!


text:
Q: How to construct a m x m correlation matrix I don't have a dataset, just need to create a m * m correlation matrix A, A = Aij. Just like deconstructing the function cor(df, method = "pearson").
Any idea. Thanks

A: If you just need a valid m * m correlation matrix, you can simply use
n <- 100
m <- 5
x <- matrix(rnorm(n*m, 0, 1), nrow=n)
cor(x)

Another useful way is to use Wishart Distribution to generate a covariance matrix and then a correlation matrix, use
m <- 5
S <- toeplitz((m:1)/m) # you can design the structure
set.seed(11)
R <- rWishart(1, 20, S)[,,1]
cov2cor(R)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
from testinfra.utils.ansible_runner import AnsibleRunner

testinfra_hosts = AnsibleRunner('.molecule/ansible_inventory').get_hosts('all')

def test_users(Command, Ansible, Sudo):
    with Sudo():
        assert Command('''ssh dummy@localhost sudo whoami''').stdout == 'root'

def test_users_prune(Command):
    assert Command('id prune').rc > 0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
https://apnews.com/3bd3224a8d254f919feb0bcc8afdfa75
Final Prop 1 forum held by McAllen rotary
NAXIELY LOPEZ | STAFF WRITER Follow @naxiely !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');November 5, 2016 GMT
McALLEN — The final forum for Proposition 1 happened amongst a close group of friends at the McAllen Country Club on Friday.
About 100 members of the McAllen South Rotary Club met to hear Hidalgo County Commissioner Eddie Cantu and Edinburg Mayor Richard Garcia discuss the issue once more as early voting came to a close.
Both have spoken at numerous events for and against the creation of a healthcare district — a contentious race on the November ballot.
" I never thought I'd be in this position," Cantu told the audience during his opening remarks.
The county leader wasn't expecting to become the face of the opposition, but his own research and willingness to question the issue propelled him into the spotlight.
Friday's event began with a prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance and a reciting of the club's values, otherwise called the Four-Way Test, which asks the following: Is it the truth; is it fair to all concerned; Will it build goodwill and better friendships; Will it be beneficial to all concerned?
One member suggested these were questions that should be asked when speaking about Prop. 1.
Garcia said he supported the issue because he truly believes it will help the community and be a catalyst for region's economic engine.
" I'm not a doctor. … I don't own any stock in the hospital," he said.
Nine-hundred babies are born at one local hospital each month, and they're going to need jobs, he added. The district can help create those positions by drawing down research dollars, pharmaceutical interest and ancillary services.
" Taxes," he said. "I hate taxes as much as you do."
Cantu said he doesn't oppose the district because of the tax, which he said is the one issue proponents have used to vilify him.
" I voted for school bonds at PSJA," he said about the school district. But every time anyone asked for an increase in revenue, they had to show justification through a plan of action.
" It's a very simple concept," he said. "Where were the proponents? … Where was DHR, which was pushing this?"
Both civic leaders answered many of the same questions that have been posed in previous debates, but the tone of the meeting was very different than that of previous often heated events.
Those in the audience seemed to know each other well and shared a camaraderie that may have impacted the event.
Nlopez@themonitor.com


text:
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text:
Title: The Date Palm and the Wellspring: Mandaeism and Jewish Mysticism
Author(s): DEUTSCH, Nathaniel
Journal: ARAM Periodical
Volume: 11	Issue: 2 Date: 1999-2000
DOI: 10.2143/ARAM.11.2.504462
One of the most intriguing and complex questions in the history of religions is the relationship between Gnosticism and Jewish Mysticism. Within this context, the comparative study of Mandaeism and Jewish Mysticism remains a scholarly desideratum of the first order. The author identifies and examines a host of significant parallels between Mandaean writings and a wide range of Jewish mystical sources, including the Hekhalot literature and the medieval Kabbalah. Some of these traditions are similar enough to raise the possibility of extensive historical contact and cultural exchange between the two groups in Mesopotamia.


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Many a time, you need to create a request exactly like an earlier request, with just a few field values being changed. Earlier, you will need to create a request and fill in the data for all fields all over again. Now, we have added a Clone feature in CFLOW that lets you create a duplicate of the request, so you can change just the fields that are different. The new request will be saved as a draft. This will significantly improve initiator productivity, we hope!
Since this feature makes sense only when a request is created, this option will be available only to Initiators, in the Requests list page. Administrators can enable or disable this feature in the Workflow properties page.


Pleasant Mount will hold its Fourth of July celebration on Monday, July 4.
The parade lineup will start at 9 a.m. with the parade kicking off at 10 a.m.
At 11 a.m., a ceremony will take place at Costello-Monahan-Brown American Legion Post 964 in Meredith Park.
There will be a cash prize and trophy for most orginal float.
There will also be a tractor parade, with cash prizes and trophies for the oldest and best looking.
Kids 12 and under will be considered for a trophy and prize for the most patriotic tractor.
Trophies will also be awarded for antique cars in several categories.


text:
Here is a little excerpt from an Interview in the JOIA Magazine from Chile:
Ed Night is Edward Nightingale, who has been dedicated to portraying the trainwriting scene for years. In his files are a large number of portraits of different writers: MAD79, TAPS & MOSES, ALE, TECK9 or BORIS, are some examples.
His incredible photos in cities like Naples or Yerevan tell us stories about how difficult and risky it is to enter and conquer these metro systems. Gunshots, beatings and robberies by the police forces of some cities are some of the dangers to which Ed Night has exposed his camera and his own physical integrity to capture daring portraits charged with an energy governed by the silence of no be discovered.
How was your childhood and teenage years like? When did your relationship with the graffiti world began? Do/did you paint as well?
I had a pretty healthy and carefree youth. Around the age of 14 i came into contact with tagging trough my skateboard-posse from that time. It catched me right away. For more than ten years it was one of my biggest passions until i slowly slipped deeper into photography.
When did you start taking pictures of trainwriting? Was it kind of a natural evolution to you? How did you experience it?
The transition from painting to taking pictures has been long and smooth. The upcoming digital technology allowed me to explore photography before, around and after painting. Back then I had a little Fotolog and didn't want to publish my panels. So i tried to figure out taking pictures that didn't show the Graffiti itself but still showed enough to understand what's going on. I guess thats what Boris entitled "graffiti without graffiti".
After a while I came to a certain point where i was way more happy with my photographs than with my panels. I realized that i found much more pleasure in taking them than I found in painting. Still i loved everything around trainwriting. The atmosphere, the yards, the adrenaline. I felt an urge to keep those moments somehow. And besides Video, photographs are a good way to do so.
Graffiti and photography goes hand in hand as is a short-lived type of art, so your pictures are maybe the only prove that something existed at some point. Besides that, photography is the only way to disclose some of the unknown aspects of graffiti so the people can emphasize. Did you reflect about that at all? Do you pre-think about what are you going to show and what not?
When I started with my project the intention was purely egoistic. I just wanted to keep the moments I shared with my friends so that when we grow old we can sit together and watch our memories. It took a while until I realized that it would be a pity to let all those pictures collect dust on my hard drive. So why not to share them with those who'd like to see.
But still I do those pictures for me and my friends and most of the stuff that we do remains in a closed circle.
You have known some of the best graffiti writers in the scene, a lot of cities and their metro systems. What are your favorite metro systems and crews/writers and why? Could you tell us some situation or anecdote you especially remember? Are there some metro systems left that you want to know?
To be honest, my favorites always change from time to time and i cant really name an alltime favorite. Neither a writer nor a city. Almost every City or system has some places that make a deep impression on me. I am in a constant hunt for new or different amospheres and different situations. One day I find more pleasure in a nicely lighted village-Yard than in some highly guarded hangar in a big city. The next day it's the other way around. I guess its the variety that keeps me going.
The same motivation is it that keeps me wanting to visit new places, new cities, new writers. And there are way too many for a single lifetime.
Of course i had a lot of situations that i remember but same here: i cant name a most special one. Just this: the worst experiences make the best stories.
You know Good Guy Boris, who has a very particular approach to graffiti and he paints with his face uncovered. How would you define your own approach? What goes through your mind when you go down and sneak the train security measures to take pictures?
I try to be a chronist of our recent Trainwriting-movement. My approach is to capture the athmosphere and emotion of trainwriting and make it available for those to come after us. Still i know that my pictures are mostly readable to those who write as well and often lack the key for those who don't. For years i have been chasing for a picture that gives non-writers a complete impression of the adrenaline-fear-fun mixture that illegal graffiti triggers in my mind. But here I am: still chasing.
What has to have a composition or a situation to be worth your shot? Or you just simply take a lot of pictures and then go through them to select the best ones?
There is no thing like "the one situation". Its the diversity that triggers me. Every single situation has its own unique appearance.
As Trainwriting happens mostly under either time pressure or shady lighting -or sometimes both- i am very often forced to take a lot of pictures to get the image i want in the right angle or sharpness. In most of the Actions there is no time to stage some Image. So mostly i end up chasing the action with my camera and hope for some good results. Of course i often have some Shots in mind that i'd like to get but sometimes that might take some months or years. This is reportage not a studio. If I find some spare seconds to take a quick portrait then I am more than happy
Your work has been featured at Egowar, Overrates and Incognito. What did you feel seeing your pictures on the cover of those magazines?
Seeing my work published and therefor available for people to see it always sparks me with joy. Like i find joy in taking pictures i find joy in showing those that i like to people that might share my joy. It's always sad when I have pictures of actions that i cannot show for some reasons. But that's part of the game.
2019 Interview on joia Magazine from chile (in spanish)
2011 Interview on offset magazine from germany (in german)
2011 interview on sueddeutsche zeitung magazin from germany (in german)
Privacy Policy for edwardnightingale.com
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Like any other website, Edward Nightingale uses 'cookies'. These cookies are used to store information including visitors' preferences, and the pages on the website that the visitor accessed or visited. The information is used to optimize the users' experience by customizing our web page content based on visitors' browser type and/or other information.
You may consult this list to find the Privacy Policy for each of the advertising partners of Edward Nightingale. Our Privacy Policy was created with the help of the Privacy Policy Generator and the Generate Privacy Policy Generator.
Third-party ad servers or ad networks uses technologies like cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons that are used in their respective advertisements and links that appear on Edward Nightingale, which are sent directly to users' browser. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. These technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit.
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Edward Nightingale's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options. You may find a complete list of these Privacy Policies and their links here: Privacy Policy Links.
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This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our website with regards to the information that they shared and/or collect in Edward Nightingale. This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website.


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text:
Een versterker is een elektronische schakeling die tot taak heeft het vermogen van een elektrisch signaal te versterken.

Het uitgangssignaal dat de versterker produceert is qua vorm gelijk aan het ingangssignaal. Het primaire (ingaande) vermogen en het uitgaande (secundaire) vermogen van een transformator is (nagenoeg) hetzelfde, een transformator is dus geen versterker.

Als iemand in een microfoon praat, dan levert de microfoon een signaal met lage spanning en lage stroom, een vermogen van een fractie van een microwatt. Om dat signaal duidelijk uit meerdere luidsprekers in bijvoorbeeld een stadion te laten horen, moet het versterkt worden tot enige honderden watt en daar is een versterker voor, in dit voorbeeld een audioversterker. De amplitude van het uitgangssignaal gedeeld door de amplitude van het ingangssignaal, is een constante factor. Deze constante is de versterkingsfactor van de versterker.

Afhankelijk van de toepassing kan een versterker eenvoudig of ingewikkeld zijn. Een audioversterker heeft tot doel om voor de mens hoorbare signalen te versterken bijvoorbeeld voor de weergave van cd en grammofoonplaat, de gitaarversterker en de basversterker. Maar er zijn ook andere toepassingen, zoals het versterken van hoogfrequente signalen voor radio- en tv-zenders.

Audioversterker
Een audioversterker versterkt signalen zowel in het hoorbare gebied als ook in het onhoorbare gebied. Voor audioversterkers zijn onder andere vervorming, kanaalscheiding, ruis- en bromniveau van belang.

Audioversterkers kunnen variëren van een microfoonversterker (die zo weinig mogelijk ruis moet toevoegen) tot en met versterkers voor voetbalstadions en muziekhallen (die vermogen moeten leveren).

Hoogfrequente versterker
Versterken van hoogfrequente signalen is ten gevolge van allerlei parasitaire capaciteiten en inductie veel ingewikkelder dan bijvoorbeeld het versterken van een audiosignaal. Alle componenten moeten speciaal geschikt zijn voor hoge frequenties. Verder kunnen spoelen gebruikt worden om bepaalde frequenties te filteren of door te laten. Bij een audioversterker kan dat ook, maar dan zouden de spoelen groot en zwaar worden vanwege de lage frequenties.

Bij hoogfrequente signalen fungeert iedere aansluitdraad en ieder koperspoor op een printplaat als een spoel. Daar moet bij het ontwerp rekening mee gehouden worden. Onbedoeld kan een versterker fungeren als radio-ontvanger waardoor radiogolven een storende invloed kunnen hebben. Daarom worden sommige delen afgeschermd met metaal.

Door gebruik te maken van kleine SMD-onderdelen, is ook de printplaat kleiner en de kopersporen korter. Daardoor is dat beter geschikt voor hoge frequenties.

Kwaliteit
De functie van een versterker is alleen maar om een elektrisch signaal te versterken, maar een versterker voegt zelf ook (ongewenste) ruis toe, en zal bepaalde frequenties iets meer versterken dan andere frequenties, en zal kleine signalen iets anders versterken dan grote signalen, waardoor er vervorming kan ontstaan. De mate waarin dit gebeurt hangt af van de kwaliteit van de gebruikte componenten en de kwaliteit van het ontwerp.

Signaal-ruisverhouding
De signaal-ruisverhouding (kortweg S/N) is de verhouding tussen het signaal waar het om gaat, en de ruis die de versterker zelf toevoegt. Dit wordt altijd in decibel (dB) aangeduid. De ruis die de versterker toevoegt heeft meestal een constant volume. Dus die ruis is voornamelijk hoorbaar in de stille passages. Bij de huidige kwaliteitsversterkers is de ruis nagenoeg niet meer hoorbaar. Bij een signaal-ruisverhouding van 60 dB is de ruis zeer zacht te horen. Een signaal-ruisverhouding van 90 dB is zeer goed.

Frequentiebereik en bandbreedte
Het frequentiebereik van een versterker geeft de laagste en de hoogste frequentie aan, die nog versterkt wordt, en de versterking nog minder dan een opgegeven aantal decibel constant blijft. Het menselijk gehoor kan frequenties horen van ruwweg 20 Hz tot 20 kHz. Een goede versterker zal dan ook dat bereik versterken. Sommige microfoons nemen ook geluiden op van boven de 20 kHz en sommige versterkers versterken tot 30 kHz. Dit wordt gedaan om iedere vervorming in het hoorbare gebied te voorkomen. Een versterker die tot 20 kHz versterkt kan bijvoorbeeld vanaf 16 kHz al wat minder goed versterken. Frequenties onder de 20 Hz kunnen niet gehoord maar wel gevoeld worden, daarom versterken sommige versterkers al frequenties vanaf 2 Hz.

Bij hoogfrequent versterkers (bijvoorbeeld voor radiosignalen) wordt meestal van bandbreedte gesproken in plaats van frequentiebereik. Elektronische versterkers zijn slechts in staat om een ingangssignaal te versterken binnen een bepaald frequentiegebied. Voor frequentiecomponenten die buiten dit gebied vallen zal de versterkingsfactor geleidelijk verkleinen, bovendien ontstaat een faseverschil tussen ingangs- en uitgangssignaal. Het frequentiegebied waar de versterkingsfactor constant blijft binnen een vooropgestelde marge noemt men de bandbreedte.

Frequentiekarakteristiek
De frequentiekarakteristiek (of frequentieoverdracht) geeft aan in welke mate elke frequentie versterkt wordt. Een versterker zal de ene frequentie iets meer versterken dan een andere frequentie. Een bijkomend effect is, dat daardoor fasedraaiing van het signaal optreedt. Het menselijk gehoor is daar zeer gevoelig voor, omdat de fase gebruikt wordt bij het bepalen van het stereobeeld.

Kanaalscheiding
De kanaalscheiding geeft de mate van scheiding aan tussen het linker en rechter kanaal, of tussen de meerdere kanalen bij een surround systeem. Aangezien de versterkers voor de verschillende kanalen in hetzelfde apparaat zitten, is er altijd sprake van overdracht van een signaal op een ander kanaal. Deze waarde wordt in decibel (dB) opgegeven. Een kanaalscheiding van 60 dB wil zeggen dat als een signaalniveau op 0 dBV op het linker kanaal wordt aangeboden, dat dat signaal dan in het rechterkanaal niet sterker meetbaar zal zijn dan -60 dBV.

Impulsrespons
De impulsrespons (pulse response) is vooral interessant voor versterkers in meetapparatuur. Het ingangssignaal is een eenmalige puls, en het uitgangssignaal zegt iets over de kwaliteit van de versterker. Er zijn ook wiskundige berekeningen om de impulsrespons te berekenen door op de ingang ruis te zetten.

Actieve componenten
De versterking van een signaal gebeurt met zogenoemde actieve componenten.
Transistor  De bipolaire transistor is een standaardcomponent. Hij is klein, kan een signaal gemakkelijk 100 keer versterken, maar voegt relatief veel ruis toe.
 Veldeffecttransistor De veldeffecttransistor (FET) is ook een transistor, maar volgens een ander principe. Hij levert onder andere minder ruis.
 Operationele versterker  Een operationele versterker of op-amp is een chip die meerdere transistoren herbergt.
 Elektronenbuis De elektronenbuis levert weinig ruis en is daarnaast geschikt voor versterking van signalen in zeer breed frequentiespectrum zoals versterking van radiogolven tot en met de laagfrequente signalen in audioversterkers. Vanwege de grote afmeting, de kwetsbaarheid en benodigde hoogspanning is de buis in consumentenelektronica vrijwel volledig verdrongen door halfgeleidercomponenten.

Zie ook
 Audiofeedback

Afspeelapparatuur
Opnameapparatuur
Elektronica
Akoestiek
Elektrotechniek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Alumni of any university forms the backbone of the institution - industry interaction and fosters further growth and development of the institute. The MLCU Alumni Association is actively involved in "reconnecting" with the alumni.
Under the guidance of the committee, the Alumni Association is expected to grow in strength and meet the objectives of the Association.


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