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KidsPost
The strange journey of 'cancel,' from a Black-culture punchline to a White-grievance watchword
(Washington Post illustration; Warner Bros./Kobal/Shutterstock; Mauro Pimentel/AFP/Getty Images; Joe Raedle/Getty Images; iStock)
By Clyde McGrady
April 2, 2021 at 6:00 a.m. EDT
One night in 1980 or so, the legendary songwriter Nile Rodgers went on a bad date.
He was out at a club with a group of people, he says, including Eddie Murphy and Rick James. Rodgers was big-time. His band, Chic, had topped the charts with hits such as "I Want Your Love" and "Good Times." But at heart, he was still a humble kid whose parents had struggled with drug addiction and who felt fortunate to have made it as far as he did. So, when his date asked the maître d' to remove people from a table so they could sit there instead, Rodgers bristled.
"She probably felt like she was rolling with Berry Gordy or something," Rodgers, sporting his trademark beret and dreadlocks, told The Washington Post in a recent video interview. "I was just this lucky musician who was doing the job that I loved and got a hit record, and I was in my environment with all my good friends."
Her attempt to use his celebrity to push people around was a dealbreaker. "No, no, no, I don't do that," Rodgers remembered explaining. "I don't play that card."
Sitting at home one night, some time later, he replayed the bad date in his head. Rodgers, who is obsessed with television — he says he keeps it on in every room of his house, 24/7 — came up with some lyrics:
Watchin' the late show
I made up my mind, oh
A love that is free like a love should be
Fallin' behind, oh
Don't you see you are the one
I couldn't have begun
No, your love is cancelled
The song, "Your Love Is Cancelled," which appeared on Chic's 1981 album, "Take It Off," was not a hit. But the metaphor Rodgers had invented — the idea of "canceling" a person for unacceptable behavior, such as a network executive pulling the plug on an unsuccessful TV show — has taken its own journey. Recently it turned up in Central Florida, in the mouth of a 57-year-old White Republican from Ohio.
"All right, who's next?" asked Rep. Jim Jordan. "Who's the cancel culture going to attack next?"
Jordan, sans jacket, hiked up his pants and smiled at the young right-wing activists who had gathered in an Orlando hotel ballroom for the final day of the Conservative Political Action Conference. The congressman scanned the crowd before continuing. "You see last week they tried to cancel Kermit the Frog and Mr. Potato Head? They backed off Mr. Potato Head. I think he told them his preferred pronouns are he/him/his, right?" Jordan said with a smirk.
The theme of the conference was "America Uncanceled." Attendees shelled out between $330 to $7,500 to see Jordan and other pro-Donald Trump politicos vow to protect Americans from the "woke" hordes demanding the removal of statues celebrating white supremacists, among other perceived offenses.
In his speech, Jordan was invoking the specter of "cancel culture" in reference to Disney's decision to add a content warning at the beginning of some episodes of "The Muppet Show" on its streaming service, because the shows depict harmful stereotypes and "mistreatment of people or cultures." (In one episode, country singer Johnny Cash performs with a Confederate flag in the background.) As for Mr. Potato Head, the toymaker Hasbro had announced that it would drop the "Mr." and "Mrs." from its famous potato dolls, prompting a backlash that included some specters of its own. "It's time," wrote one right-wing pundit in response to the Mr. Potato Head news, "for Republican states to secede."
The courtesy titles, a company official explained to Fast Company, were "limiting when it comes to both gender identity and family structure." After seeing the outrage the news had created, however, the company canceled the change.
Trump impeachment attorney Bruce L. Castor Jr. on Feb. 12 said a vote to convict former president Donald Trump would permit "cancel culture" in the Senate. (The Washington Post)
Neither the Muppets nor Mr. Potato Head had faced extinction — only modification in light of companies' evolving sense of what customers consider to be respectful and inclusive. But among those who are offended by the notion of being offended by "Mr." or "Mrs." in a doll's name or the presence of a proslavery battle flag on a kids' TV show, "cancel culture" is a new favorite way to describe what's making them upset (way punchier than "political correctness").
"Cancel" and "woke" are the latest terms to originate in Black culture only to be appropriated into the White mainstream and subsequently thrashed to death. Young Black people have used these words for years as sincere calls to consciousness and action, and sometimes as a way to get some jokes off. That White people would lift those terms for their own purposes was predictable, if not inevitable. The commodification of Black slang is practically an American tradition. "One of the biggest exports of American culture," said Renée Blake, a linguistics professor at New York University, "is African American language."
Terms such as "lit" and "bae" and "on fleek" — or, if you're a little older, "fly" and "funky" and "uptight" — have been mined by White people for their proximity to Black cool. The word "cool" itself emerged from Black culture. "I do not know what white Americans would sound like if there had never been any black people in the United States," James Baldwin wrote in 1979, "but they would not sound the way they sound."
With "canceled" and "woke," there's a twist: Not only have these words been appropriated from Black culture, but they have also been weaponized to sneer at the values of many young Black liberals.
"When I hear stuff like 'America Uncanceled,' what does that even mean? What are you talking about? What are you really trying to say?"
Screenwriter and journalist Barry Michael Cooper was reflecting on how "cancel" ended up in Orlando.
"It's really weird, man."
But for Cooper, there's also amusement and pride, considering he was largely responsible for the term entering the American lexicon.
Thirty years ago, he was working on the screenplay for "New Jack City," a film that would become a 1990s Black gangster classic. One of the characters was Nino Brown, a "malignant narcissist" of a Harlem drug boss (played by Wesley Snipes). After sacrificing the life of a child to save his own, Nino finds himself back at his headquarters being castigated by his girlfriend. Suddenly, he grabs her by the head, throws her on a conference table and douses her in champagne.
"Cancel that b----!" he hisses, as a lieutenant collects her from the table and takes her away. "I'll buy another one."
The scene, Cooper says now, is "about Nino's sense of power, and it's about dismissal: I don't need you. I made you, I could break you."
Why did Cooper pick that word, "cancel"? Simple: "Your Love is Cancelled" happened to be coming out of the screenwriter's speakers around the time he was writing the scene. Rodgers's harmless kiss-off to a rude date transformed into a gangster's ruthless desecration of his relationship.
Nino's profane dismissal proved quotable, and it followed "New Jack City" into the wider world. In 2005, rapper 50 Cent quoted the line on his song "Hustler's Ambition." Four years later, Lil Wayne used it on "I'm Single." Variations on the expression jumped to reality TV: "Get away from me — you're canceled," music producer Cisco Rosado tells girlfriend Diamond Strawberry in an episode of VH1's "Love & Hip Hop." ("I was just watching 'New Jack City' the night before," Rosado said later.)
Ultimately, the expression took root in that great incubator of creativity: Black Twitter. And that is where the meaning of "cancel" started to evolve.
Declaring someone or something "canceled" on Twitter was not really an attempt to activate a boycott or run anyone from the public square. Cancellations were more of a personal decision, a way to say we don't really kick it anymore: You stepped out of line, and now I'm done with you. (Think Black fans expressing disgust with Justin Timberlake for dissing Prince.) Saying someone was "canceled" was more like changing the channel — and telling your friends and followers about it — than demanding that the TV execs take the program off the air. The power of cancellation lay with the canceler: How much social capital were they divesting, and how many others would follow suit?
Cancellation notices were "a way to wield power, where we haven't been able to really do it before on a cultural level," Cooper said. "Twitter has allowed us to say, 'We're here, we're not going to be discounted, and if you say anything to try to diminish us, we'll cancel you.' "
The concept of online "call-outs," aimed more at public accountability than low-key channel-changing, really took hold in the mid-2010s, with people pointing out behavior or artistic statements from celebrities they deemed problematic. Sometimes it was for their words, as when Kanye West insisted that slavery was a choice and that Bill Cosby was innocent of the rape charges against him. After decades of sexual abuse allegations against R. Kelly, in 2017, Black fans made a concerted effort to have the singer barred from performing and pressured other artists to cease collaborating with him.
In the wake of #MeToo, the online atmosphere became even more charged as accusations made against abusers were sometimes followed by swift repercussions for the accused. A similar dynamic regarding racism emerged after George Floyd's killing in police custody — a watershed of horror and urgency over systemic abuse followed by a wave of accountability for people and institutions who were called out as being part of the problem.
As call-outs led to greater consequences, some people became nervous about how social media had changed power dynamics in the court of public opinion. "Cancel culture" was the diagnosis, and the term became a catchall defense for those trying to evade public criticism of any kind.
New York Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo (D) again insisted on March 12 that he would not resign while allegations of his sexual misconduct were being investigated. (Reuters)
Publisher decides to revoke your book deal after you try to intervene in the certification of a presidential election and a mob storms the U.S. Capitol? Cancel culture. Members of your party calling for your resignation after multiple women accuse you of sexual harassment? Also cancel culture. Dr. Seuss Enterprises decides to stop selling certain Dr. Seuss books that contain racist images? "Cancel Culture Comes for Dr. Suess."
"It's just a joke now," said civil rights activist Johnetta Elzie.
"Cancel" is now just another word that White people have taken and run into the ground.
Rodgers wrote "Your Love is Cancelled" in the wake of a different kind of cancellation.
Chic had been a pioneer in disco music, a genre that was associated with the Black, Latino and gay communities. By the end of the 1970s, however, disco was facing a backlash from resentful rock fans. In 1979, the Chicago White Sox collaborated with Steve Dahl, a DJ and anti-disco crusader, to hold "Disco Demolition Night" at Comiskey Park. Fans got discounted tickets for bringing disco records, which would be collected and ceremoniously blown up on the field between games of a doubleheader.
Dahl later said that he was unaware at the time of the importance of disco to marginalized groups and that there was no racist or homophobic intent behind Disco Demolition Night. ("Sometimes a stupid radio promotion is just a stupid radio promotion," he told the Chicago Tribune in 2019.) But, in any case, the event turned out ugly.
The rowdy anti-disco crowd rushed the field and trashed the stadium. Some people had shown up with records by Black artists of other genres, according to Vincent Lawrence, then a teenager, who was working as an usher. "Someone walked up to me [and] said, 'Hey you — disco sucks!' and snapped a 12-inch in half in my face," Lawrence told the Guardian in 2019. "That's when I started feeling like, 'Okay, they're just targeting me because I'm Black.' "
The cancellation of disco was not total, but it hit Chic hard. "We were basically scorched by the whole 'disco sucks' thing in the summer of '79," Rodgers told The Post.
A two-time cancer survivor who works constantly, Rodgers says social media gives him a way to stay in touch with fans. He's the kind of celebrity musician who replies to individual tweets. "If you look on my Twitter feed, it's always the same names popping up, and they become my friends," he said.
One time, Rodgers recalled, someone suggested to him that, if he was such a big deal, then he should be too busy to respond to "anybody and everybody." The woman unfollowed him, he said, but not before introducing him to a phrase he'd never heard before.
She told him he was canceled.


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Q: htaccess 301 redirect with different folder structure Thanks to all in advance I thought I had a handle on this but apparently not!
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Old address www.example.com/home/index.php
New address www.example2.ie/index.php
I have tried using RedirectMatch 301 ^/ http://example2.ie/ but end up getting urls like http://example2.iehome/.......
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Cheers

A: You should be using:
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Dark Souls 2's upcoming second installment in the The Lost Crowns DLC trilogy has got a new trailer and screenshots, detailing the upcoming release. The DLC will be releasing at the end of this month, on August 26th to be exact. Check out the new trailer and screens here.
Bandai Namco gave us the first look at Dark Souls 2's upcoming second piece of DLC recently. The DLC, called Crown of the Old Iron King, is scheduled to be released later this month. The DLC features another batch of new enemies, and is "tougher" than the previous Crown of the Sunken King DLC, which was released last month.
The new areas and enemies do look better, and those of you who enjoyed the original game and the first DLC should enjoy this too, probably a bit more. The Crown of the Old Iron King will also include new weapons, new equipment and new locations for exploration.
At the end of Iron Keep, lies a sot and smoke covered stage called the "Tower of Black Mist", and another challenge for one of the lost crowns.
Erected within the untrodden crater are the shadows of a glorious past.
Players who have not purchased the DLC can also be summoned to the more difficult area.
The previous DLC pack, the Crown of the Sunken King, included a few tweaks to the game's overall formula. The difficultly level was increased much to the joy of Dark Souls veterans, amongst other improvements.
Each seperate DLC pack will cost $9.99 per episode. You can also get a Dark Souls II Season Pass for $24.99. Unfortunately the Season pass is only available for Steam and European PSN users only. All you North America PSN and worldwide XBL users will have to buy each episode separately.
The DLC pack will release for the Xbox 360, PS3 and PC this August 26th. Be sure to let us know what you think of it in the comments below.


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BTSC On Demand
Steelers Connection: Why Mike Tomlin is the last of a dying breed in the NFL
Pittsburgh Steelers head coach is one of a dying breed in the NFL, and it has everything to do with the job he has done since being hired in 2007.
By Jeff.Hartman@BnGBlitz Aug 16, 2016, 5:45am EDT
Share All sharing options for: Steelers Connection: Why Mike Tomlin is the last of a dying breed in the NFL
The name Mike Tomlin has a certain connotation connected to it. Those who follow the Pittsburgh Steelers, and often times, those who don't, you either love the newest head coach, or hate him.
Those who claim all of Tomlin's success goes back to the players he inherited from Bill Cowher, and even those who still suggest he is nothing more than a player's coach who is good at motivating his team. In other words, not a very good X's and O's coach.
Any way you look at it, on the latest edition of the Steelers Connection, I look at the main arguments, give you my rebuttal and pose some serious statistics which will have the most devout Tomlin hater thinking twice about spitting their venom his way throughout the 2016 season.
This podcast is part of the VSporto family of networks. For more podcasts like it check out the Pittsburgh Steelers page on the VSporto website, and follow them on Twitter (@RadioSteelers).

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Dokument #2010862
USDOS – US Department of State
2019 Trafficking in Persons Report: Mauritania
MAURITANIA: Tier 3
The Government of Mauritania does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; therefore Mauritania remained on Tier 3. Despite the lack of significant efforts, the government took some steps to address trafficking by continuing to assist vulnerable children, including trafficking victims, at day centers and closing a recruitment agency for its role in fraudulent recruitment and sex trafficking. The government also organized an event with an NGO to raise awareness among religious leaders about child exploitation, including forced begging. However, the government continued to harass anti-slavery activists. While funding for anti-slavery courts increased during the rating period, government agencies charged with combating trafficking and slavery continued to lack the resources, personnel, and political will to prosecute politically connected offenders, and reports persisted of officials refusing to investigate or prosecute perpetrators. The government also did not proactively identify trafficking victims.
PRIORITIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
Hold government officials accountable for trafficking-related complicity, including the failure to investigate alleged slavery offenses and interference in ongoing investigations. • Significantly increase efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict traffickers and slaveholders with significant prison terms using the 2003 anti-trafficking and 2015 anti-slavery laws, and mandate that any human trafficking cases tried under the 2003 anti-trafficking law are automatically referred to the anti-slavery courts. • Continue to increase funding for the anti-slavery courts, ensure each of the anti-slavery courts is appropriately staffed with a dedicated prosecutor (procureur), judge of inquiry, and trial judge, and train prosecutors and judicial officials on both the 2003 anti-trafficking and 2015 anti-slavery laws. • Limit the rotation of judges sitting on the three anti-slavery courts to ensure sufficient expertise to carry out their duties effectively in accordance with the 2015 anti-slavery law. • Develop standard procedures to identify and refer trafficking and slavery victims to care, and train authorities on the procedures' implementation. • Institute measures to support trafficking and slavery victims during investigations, including providing easier access to legal assistance and protection from intimidation and threats from their alleged traffickers. • Partner with NGOs to provide shelter and services to all trafficking victims, including adults. • Proactively screen potential trafficking victims for trafficking indicators and cease detaining, deporting, or otherwise penalizing potential trafficking victims, including sexual abuse victims, women in prostitution, and irregular migrants. • Investigate and prosecute individuals accused of fraudulently recruiting Mauritanians abroad for exploitation in forced labor and sex trafficking. • Legally recognize anti-trafficking NGOs, allow them to register and operate within the country, free from undue government interference, and cease harassment of anti-slavery activists. • Develop and finalize an anti-trafficking national action plan that addresses all forms of trafficking, including hereditary slavery and forced labor, with input from civil society and all relevant ministries in the government. • Foster dialogue with civil society working on anti-slavery issues and, with input from civil society, develop and implement a plan to continue providing assistance to former slaves and members of traditional slave castes to allow them the opportunity to leave their communities of enslavement. • Increase public awareness campaigns against trafficking, including hereditary slavery.
The government maintained weak anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts. The 2003 Law Against Trafficking in Persons criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking, except hereditary slavery, and prescribed penalties of five to 10 years' imprisonment and a fine of 500,000 to one million Mauritanian ouguiya (MRU) ($13,890-$27,780), which were sufficiently stringent and, with respect to sex trafficking, commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. The 2015 anti-slavery law criminalized hereditary slavery and prescribed sufficiently stringent penalties of five to 20 years' imprisonment and a fine of 250,000 to five million MRU ($6,940-$138,890).
During the reporting period, the government investigated four cases, prosecuted one alleged trafficker, and convicted zero traffickers, compared to three investigations, three prosecutions, and three convictions the previous reporting period. Nine appeals cases remained pending before the Nema anti-slavery court at the end of the reporting period. The government continued an investigation initiated in 2016 into a recruitment agency that had allegedly fraudulently recruited more than 200 Mauritanian women to Saudi Arabia for domestic servitude and forced prostitution and closed the recruitment agency during the reporting period. NGOs reported the government did not initiate any new investigations into fraudulent recruitment. During the previous reporting period, a Mauritanian domestic servitude victim in Saudi Arabia attempted to file a complaint against her employer, but the Mauritanian embassy reportedly refused to assist. An NGO within Mauritania filed a complaint on her behalf, as well as on behalf of approximately 20 other Mauritanian women exploited in domestic servitude and forced prostitution in Saudi Arabia. The NGO reported an appeals court sentenced the owner of the recruitment agency to three years' imprisonment but the owner never served his sentence.
Three regional anti-slavery courts had exclusive jurisdiction over trafficking and slavery cases; however, the courts lacked the staff, funding, and resources to investigate and prosecute trafficking and slavery crimes throughout their regions. The three courts received a total of 700,000 MRU ($19,440) during the reporting period, an increase from a total of 450,000 MRU ($12,500) during the previous reporting period. While the appointed judges received specialized training on the 2015 anti-slavery law, they have not been trained in its enforcement and the unique challenges of investigating slavery cases, including how to prevent slaveholders from intimidating victims to withdraw their cases. Moreover, while other topical courts had specialized prosecutors, there were no specialized prosecutors for the anti-slavery courts. Judicial shuffles affected the anti-slavery courts twice during the reporting period. During an abrupt May 2018 judicial reshuffle, the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC) reassigned or removed experienced presiding judges sitting on the Nema and Nouakchott anti-slavery courts. In a second reshuffle in December 2018, the SJC appointed a new presiding judge to the Nema anti-slavery court and two deputy judges to the Nouakchott anti-slavery court. The Ministry of Justice directed all courts to transfer cases under the 2015 anti-slavery law to the anti-slavery courts; judges transferred nine slavery cases, but an unknown number of slavery cases remained with local courts.
Efforts to address hereditary slavery remained weak. Despite persistent concerns of official complicity and corruption in slavery cases, the government did not report any prosecutions or convictions of government officials complicit in, or accused of corruption related to, human trafficking offenses. Some police, prosecutors, and judges reportedly refused to investigate and try cases of hereditary slavery, or to acknowledge hereditary slavery continued to occur. Heavy government influence over the judiciary restricted its independence, and reports persisted that prosecutors and judges often prosecuted alleged slave owners for lesser offenses, closed slavery cases, or transferred cases for mediation to avoid bringing a slavery case to trial. Although prosecutors have a legal obligation to transfer slavery cases to the anti-slavery courts, some prosecutors encouraged victims to withdraw their complaints in exchange for a small amount of financial compensation. Marabouts (Quranic teachers) suspected of exploiting talibés (Quranic students) in forced begging are rarely prosecuted and usually enter agreements with prosecutors to drop cases. However, Tadamoun, the government agency mandated to address poverty and the "vestiges of slavery," remained a civil party to nine ongoing slavery investigations. International organizations organized five trainings on the anti-trafficking legal framework and forced labor cases for approximately 65 judges, prosecutors, and security officials without financial or in-kind support from the government.
The government maintained minimal efforts to protect trafficking victims. The government did not report identifying any trafficking victims, compared to identifying 35 child forced begging victims in the previous reporting period. NGOs reported identifying at least 310 child trafficking victims. The government did not have formal measures to identify trafficking victims or refer them to care, but it used existing referral procedures for child victims of crime. NGOs noted social workers lacked training to identify trafficking victims, including in domestic work and prostitution, and did not know where to refer identified victims for care. The Ministry of Social Affairs (MASEF) reported supporting 360 children at risk of, or victims of violence, abuse, and exploitation, which could include trafficking victims, at its public day centers. NGOs, sometimes in partnership with MASEF, reported caring for 4,998 vulnerable children during the reporting period, which included child victims of violence, abuse, and exploitation, including trafficking. Some children received socio-legal assistance, medical care, and educational support from NGOs. The government did not provide financial or in-kind support to NGOs that continued to provide the majority of protective services to trafficking victims. An international organization assisted with the repatriation of 17 of the 200 domestic servitude and sex trafficking victims identified in Saudi Arabia since 2016; the status of the remaining 183 victims was unknown at the end of the reporting period.
MASEF managed seven public day centers for the protection and social integration of children that provided basic educational services, such as vocational training and literacy programs, which child trafficking victims could access. In addition, two of its day centers in Nouakchott could provide overnight and long-term care for child victims of crime. Because MASEF's day centers closed at night, talibés and other vulnerable children had to return to their exploitative situations or sleep on the streets. After short-term care, MASEF generally referred victims to other government shelters or NGOs for long-term care and vocational training; MASEF continued to assist 700 vulnerable children identified in previous years. The government allocated 360,000 MRU ($10,000) to MASEF's day centers to fund staff and psycho-social assistance, the same as the previous reporting period. The government also allocated 370,800 MRU ($10,300) to MASEF's Office of Childhood and 656,000 MRU ($18,220) to MASEF's Vocational Training Center. Government shelters accommodated both Mauritanian and foreign victims, although no shelters could accommodate adults; victims had to depart MASEF centers at age 18. The lack of long-term rehabilitative care rendered victims vulnerable to re-trafficking. The government did not provide any services to protect victims from threats or intimidation from their traffickers, nor did it provide training or services to help slavery victims adjust to life after slavery.
During the previous reporting period, the African Union ruled in favor of two former Mauritanian slaves who argued that the government had failed to uphold the anti-trafficking law in their 2011 case. The court ruled the government should enroll the victims in school, provide identity documents, and provide psychological support; the government partially complied with the ruling by providing identity documents, enrolling the victims in school, and compensating each victim 300,000 MRU ($8,330). However, the government did not provide psychological support or prosecute the alleged perpetrators and the case is pending further appeal with the African Union. The government did not have a formal policy to encourage victims to assist in investigations and prosecutions against their alleged traffickers. The 2015 anti-slavery law provided for comprehensive legal assistance for victims of hereditary slavery and the creation of support centers in each province; however, the government did not report implementing such provisions during the reporting period. Tadamoun provided support to 61 victims of slavery, which included legal assistance and providing income-generating activities or a stipend. The law allowed victims to obtain restitution and file civil suits against their traffickers, although the complex and opaque legal system made such efforts extremely difficult; there were no reports any victims did so during the reporting period. Mauritanian law allows potential victims to file for asylum or refugee status; however, the government did not report granting these legal alternatives to the removal of foreign victims to countries where they may face hardship or retribution. There were reports the government penalized and imprisoned on fornication charges girls who had been sexually abused, some of whom were likely victims of domestic servitude or sex trafficking. Officials jailed women suspected of prostitution and held irregular migrants in detention until their refugee status was resolved, without screening for trafficking. In 2018, the Ministry of Interior deported 5,091 foreign residents to their countries of origin without screening for trafficking indicators.
The government maintained minimal efforts to prevent human trafficking. No single government agency was responsible for leading national anti-trafficking efforts. While the inter-ministerial anti-trafficking committee, which reported to the prime minister, did not meet during the reporting period, the human rights commissioner hosted two sub-cabinet inter-ministerial meetings on issues that included human trafficking. In 2018, the government announced it completed all necessary activities outlined in the 2014-2017 roadmap to fight the vestiges of slavery, an action plan drafted in collaboration with an international organization; however, the government did not engage with the international organization to assess the roadmap's indicators and impacts, nor did it advance plans for a follow-up action plan. In June 2018, the government partnered with an NGO to organize a communication day in Nouakchott with community and religious leaders on the role of religious leaders in the protection of children from exploitative situations, such as child forced begging. The government conducted additional awareness-raising activities through radio programs and community workshops; the reach of these programs is unknown. Tadamoun continued operating schools in communities of former slaves and providing income-generating activities in poverty-stricken areas, focusing particularly on communities of slave descendants and groups vulnerable to exploitation. The government continued to harass and prevent anti-slavery activists from operating in Mauritania. Multiple organizations working on anti-slavery issues remained unable to legally register, limiting their ability to operate in the country. In August 2018, the government arrested a prominent anti-slavery activist for alleged threats against a journalist; after five months in prison, the activist was sentenced to six months' imprisonment with four months suspended and was immediately released. The government did not make efforts to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts or forced labor. Despite large groups of Mauritanians fraudulently recruited for work abroad, the government did not make efforts to oversee labor recruitment or investigate labor recruiters or brokers allegedly involved in fraudulent recruitment. In 2017, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Saudi Arabia to increase protections for prospective domestic workers; for the second consecutive year, the government did not implement the MOU during the reporting period and denied requests to consult with civil society organizations on implementation. The government revived an agreement with an international organization to study the scope of forced labor in Mauritania; the final report is expected at the end of 2019. In November 2018, the government partnered with an international organization to issue identification cards to Malian refugees—as well as birth certificates to Malian refugee children born in Mauritania—in Mbera camp to reduce vulnerability to trafficking. The government did not provide anti-trafficking training to its diplomatic personnel.
TRAFFICKING PROFILE
As reported over the past five years, human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Mauritania, and traffickers exploit victims from Mauritania abroad. Adults and children from traditional slave castes in the Haratine (Black Moor) and Afro-Mauritanian communities are subjected to hereditary slavery practices rooted in ancestral master-slave relationships, where they are often forced to work without pay as cattle herders and domestic servants. Although reliable data on forced labor and hereditary slavery does not exist, local and international experts agree hereditary slavery continues to affect a small, but not insignificant portion of the country's population in both rural and urban settings. Many former slaves and their descendants remain in a dependent status with the family of their former slaveholders due in part to cultural traditions as well as a lack of skills and alternate economic opportunities. Some former slaves reportedly continue to work for their former masters or others under exploitative conditions to retain access to land they had traditionally farmed. Some boys from Mauritania and other West African countries who study at Quranic schools are forced to beg for food and money to pay corrupt marabouts; boys from low-income families in the Halpulaar community are particularly vulnerable. According to a 2015 survey, approximately 41 percent of Mauritanian children lack birth certificates and are thus generally not permitted to enroll in school, which increases their risk for trafficking. Fraudulent recruiters promise Mauritanian women and girls—especially those from the traditional slave castes and Afro-Mauritanian communities—shelter and an education but force them into domestic servitude, especially in larger cities such as Nouakchott, Nouadhibou, and Rosso. Children of Haratine and Afro-Mauritanian descent working in the fisheries sector are vulnerable to forced labor. An NGO reported girls in border towns have been forced to carry illicit drugs. West African women and girls, especially Senegalese and Ivoirians, are vulnerable to domestic servitude and sex trafficking in Mauritania. Refugees in Nouadhibou reportedly engage in prostitution due to their dire financial situations, increasing their vulnerability to forced prostitution. Mauritanian, Nigerian, and Senegalese traffickers in the port city of Nouadhibou exploited Sub-Saharan African migrants transiting Mauritania en route to Morocco and Europe in forced labor and sex trafficking. Mauritanian women and girls are fraudulently recruited by foreign agencies and Mauritanian middlemen for nursing and teaching jobs abroad and exploited in domestic servitude and sex trafficking in the Gulf, including Saudi Arabia. Men from Middle Eastern and North African countries use legally contracted temporary marriages to sexually exploit Mauritanian girls and young women. Mauritanian women and girls from poor families enter into these forced marriages, facilitated by brokers and travel agencies in both Mauritania and in the Middle East promising substantial payment, and are exploited as sex slaves and in forced prostitution in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. In 2016, an international organization identified and removed from a refugee camp in southeastern Mauritania 16 Malian child soldiers aged 15-17 associated with Malian rebel groups; some of the victims had been recruited in Mali, and others allegedly had been recruited from the camp in Mauritania.
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Jahresbericht zu Menschenhandel (Beobachtungszeitraum April 2018 bis März 2019)
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https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-trafficking-in-persons-report-2/mauritania/
Periodischer Bericht
Dokument-ID:
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Gwiazda zmienna – gwiazda, która w znaczący sposób zmienia swoją jasność. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, każda gwiazda wykazuje drobne fluktuacje jasności, ale są one w większości przypadków praktycznie niezauważalne – na przykład jasność Słońca zmienia się o ok. 0,1% w 11-letnim cyklu.

Historia odkryć
Zidentyfikowania pierwszej gwiazdy regularnie zmiennej dokonano jeszcze w epoce przedteleskopowej. W 1596 roku David Fabricius zauważył okresowe znikanie gwiazdy omicron Ceti (nazwanej później Mira, od miraculous – cudowny). Obserwowano wówczas także dwie jasne supernowe, w 1572 i 1604. Zjawiska te dowiodły, że sfera gwiazd stałych nie jest niezmienna, jak sądzono od czasów starożytnych. W ten sposób odkrycie zmienności gwiazd przyczyniło się do "rewolucji kopernikańskiej" na przełomie XVI i XVII wieku.

W roku 1786 znano dwanaście gwiazd zmiennych, między innymi pierwszą gwiazdę zaćmieniową – Algola. Poprawne wyjaśnienie jego zmienności podał w 1784 John Goodricke. Od połowy XIX wieku liczba znanych zmiennych wzrastała coraz szybciej, szczególnie po 1890, gdy możliwe stało się badanie gwiazd metodą fotograficzną. W 1875 znano już 143 zmienne, w 1903 – 700, w 1926 – 2900, w 1947 – 11 tys. Najnowsza edycja Ogólnego Katalogu Gwiazd Zmiennych (General Catalogue of Variable Stars) z 2003 roku wymienia blisko 40 tys. zmiennych w naszej Galaktyce, 10 tys. w innych galaktykach oraz kilkanaście tysięcy gwiazd podejrzewanych o zmienność.

Klasyfikacja
Ze względu na przyczynę zmian blasku, gwiazdy zmienne dzielą się na dwie główne grupy: gwiazdy zmienne fizycznie oraz gwiazdy zmienne geometrycznie.

 Gwiazdy zmienne fizycznie to gwiazdy pojedyncze lub podwójne, których jasność zmienia się na skutek procesów zachodzących w samej gwieździe lub otaczającej ją materii. Ze względu na charakter i zakres zmian dzielimy je na następujące grupy:
 gwiazdy pulsujące, w których struktura gwiazdy lub jej atmosfery ulega regularnym okresowym zmianom
 gwiazdy zmienne atmosferycznie, w których następują nieregularne zmiany w atmosferach
 gwiazdy wybuchowe, w których następuje jednorazowa lub powtarzająca się dramatyczna zmiana struktury

 Gwiazdy zmienne geometrycznie to gwiazdy pojedyncze lub podwójne, których jasność zmienia się na skutek zmiany orientacji gwiazdy względem obserwatora. Ze względu na charakter zmian gwiazdy te dzielimy na następujące grupy:
 gwiazdy zaćmieniowe, czyli układy podwójne gwiazd, w których jeden składnik okresowo przesłania drugi składnik, a przyczyną obserwowanych zmian jest ruch orbitalny gwiazd
 gwiazdy świecące niesferycznie, w których przyczyną obserwowanych zmian jest rotacja gwiazdy
 zjawiska mikrosoczewkowania grawitacyjnego, w których przyczyną pojaśnienia gwiazdy jest mikrosoczewkowanie przez inny obiekt przechodzący w pobliżu linii widzenia od gwiazdy do obserwatora

Gwiazdy zmienne fizycznie

Gwiazdy pulsujące
Gwiazdy pulsujące zmieniają swój kształt okresowo lub prawie okresowo. W najprostszym przypadku pulsacji radialnych cała gwiazda puchnie i kurczy się, co prowadzi do zmiany jej promienia, jasności oraz barwy. Ze względu na okres gwiazdy te są dzielone dalej na gwiazdy zmienne krótkookresowe, z okresami pulsacji typowo rzędu dni i miesięcy, oraz zmienne długookresowe, z okresami pulsacji rzędu lat. Większość gwiazd pulsujących należy do pasa niestabilności na diagramie Hertzsprunga-Russela. Najbardziej znane rodzaje gwiazd pulsujących to:
 cefeidy
 gwiazdy typu W Virginis
 gwiazdy zmienne typu RR Lyrae
 gwiazdy zmienne typu delta Scuti
 gwiazdy zmienne typu ZZ Ceti
 gwiazdy zmienne typu Mira Ceti
 gwiazdy typu RV Tauri
 gwiazdy typu SX Phoenicis

Gwiazdy zmienne atmosferycznie
W atmosferach gwiazd, a w szczególności w chromosferach i koronach, występują zjawiska wywołane silnym polem magnetycznym. Aktywność magnetyczną obserwujemy na Słońcu, ale w innych gwiazdach zjawiska te mogą być znacznie silniejsze, prowadząc do nieregularnych rozbłysków na gwieździe. Z kolei w atmosferach lub otoczkach chłodnych gwiazd okresowo może dochodzić do wzmożonego tworzenia się pyłu, co prowadzi do przejściowego spadku jasności gwiazdy. Najbardziej znane gwiazdy z aktywnością atmosferyczną to:
 gwiazdy zmienne typu α² Canum Venaticorum
 gwiazdy zmienne typu R Coronae Borealis

Gwiazdy wybuchowe
Wybuch całkowicie niszczący dotychczasową strukturę gwiazdy to zjawisko supernowej, w którym gwiazda osiąga stadium gwiazdy neutronowej lub czarnej dziury.
Specyficzną klasę gwiazd wybuchowych tworzą układy podwójne typu zmiennych kataklizmicznych, w których zachodzi wymiana masy pomiędzy składnikami. Przepływająca materia może powodować utworzenie wokół jednej z nich dysku akrecyjnego. Zmienność w takich układach może wiązać się z niestabilnościami w dysku akrecyjnym lub nieregularnością przepływu masy między składnikami. Z takim zjawiskiem mamy do czynienia w tzw. nowych karłowatych, które zmieniającą swój blask przez cykliczne rozbłyski, czy w przypadku nowych rentgenowskich. Osiadająca na powierzchni białego karła lub gwiazdy neutronowej materia akumuluje się, a następnie może ulec gwałtownemu spalaniu w reakcjach termojądrowych, co powoduje silny rozbłysk gwiazdy nowej (biały karzeł) lub aktywację berstera rentgenowskiego (gwiazda neutronowa).

Gwiazdy zmienne geometrycznie

Gwiazdy zaćmieniowe

Jeżeli układ dwóch gwiazd obserwujemy pod znacznym kątem do płaszczyzny orbity, to okresowo jedna z gwiazd przesłania drugą, co obserwuje się jako charakterystyczną zmianę jasności krzywej blasku. Przykłady gwiazd zmiennych zaćmieniowych:
 gwiazdy zmienne typu Algola
 gwiazdy zmienne typu W UMa
 gwiazdy zmienne typu beta Lyrae
 RZ Cassiopeiae

Gwiazdy świecące niesferycznie
Jeżeli gwiazda nie świeci sferycznie symetrycznie, ale silniej w jednym kierunku, jeżeli ma znaczne plamy na powierzchni albo jej powierzchnia jest odkształcona w wyniku działania sił pływowych towarzysza, to rotacja gwiazdy powoduje efekt zmiany jasności gwiazdy dla obserwatora. Przykłady takich gwiazd to:
 pulsary
 pulsary rentgenowskie
 gwiazdy typu BY Draconis
 gwiazdy typu RS Canum Venaticorum

Zjawiska mikrosoczewkowania grawitacyjnego
Pojaśnienie obserwowanej gwiazdy jest w tym przypadku spowodowane przejściem innej gwiazdy pomiędzy gwiazdą obserwowaną a obserwatorem i ogniskowaniem promieni świetlnych w kierunku obserwatora. Zjawisko mikrosoczewkowania wyjaśnia ogólna teoria względności. Pojaśnienie następuje bez zmiany barwy gwiazdy.

Zobacz też
 Nazewnictwo gwiazd zmiennych
 Układ kataklizmiczny

Linki zewnętrzne
 Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Obserwatorów Gwiazd Zmiennych
 General Catalogue of Variable Stars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Darren Lui's expertise covers a wide range of procedures, from revision, anterior and complex spinal surgery, to failed back syndrome, scoliosis and kyphosis surgery. His specialisms also extend into the field of oncology, where he is involved in the treatment of primary spine tumours, metastases of the spine, and balloon and radiofrequency kyphoplasty.
After graduating from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 2001, Darren Lui went on to obtain a Master's degree in laboratory-based science. His course involved studying the role of insulin as an anti-inflammatory agent, and it's potential.
Darren Lui is Fellowship trained in deformity & complex spinal surgery and has worked as a Spinal Fellow in Hospitals in Hong Kong, Ireland and England. He moved into consultancy in 2016, working at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, before leaving to join St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in London.
Darren Lui has over 100 podium presentations and 25 peer-reviewed publications in his repertoire, and has supervised two Master degrees in Science. He has a keen interest in researching the fields of Trauma and Orthopaedics, as well as spinal surgery, and is involved in multicentre research, NIHR grant projects including WHIST, COPET, ApiFix EOS and MELODY.
Teaching is something that Darren Lui has always enjoyed and feels it is an integral part of medicine. He is always learning new things and believes that he learns most when he is teaching and sharing his knowledge with others.
When he's not working, Darren Lui enjoys sailing and skiing.
Oncology, involved in the treatment of primary spine tumours, metastases of the spine, balloon and radiofrequency kyphoplasty.
Yahoudzik, T., Lui DF, Butler, A., O'Farrell, D.
Lyons E, Lui DF, Lynch S, Hsu M, Hidaya Y, Kimura S, Khan F, Shafique S, Butler A, Burke T, O'Farrell D, Masterson E, D'Souza L, Condon F, Lenehan B.
Lui, DF., Murphy M., McHugh G., Kenny P., Keogh P., O'Flanagan S.


The SKED Board of Directors is comprised of 12 men and women from across the region. Each director brings his or her own unique knowledge and area of expertise to the organization's governance. Together, their leadership provided the guidance that has spurred SKED's growth in recent years.


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5 Power Picks: 2017 Hero World Challenge
While the Hero World Challenge may be an unofficial PGA Tour event, it is loaded with players who are officially ranked as the best in the world.
The Bahamas based tournament, which kicks off at Albany on Thursday, is limited to only 18 players, and includes eight of the world's top-10 ranked players.
It will also be a Presidents Cup reunion of sorts with 12 members of the U.S. team in the field, along with Hideki Matsuyama who teed it up for Team International.
The players in this star-studded field will all be vying for a big payday worth $1 million, along with some valuable world-ranking points.
Here are the five power picks for this week's Hero World Challenge at the Albany Golf Course.
Along with Rickie Fowler, Matsuyama sits atop most everyone's "best to not yet win a major" list. He is coming off another terrific season, where he won three PGA Tour titles, including a successful defense in Phoenix, and two World Golf Championships (HSBC and Bridgestone).
Currently ranked No. 5, the 25-year old enters the Bahamas off a pair of top 5s sandwiched between a T50 (WGC-HSBC).
OWGR: 5 | Last Six: 5, 50, 5, 26, 47, 23
Johnson is coming off another career year which included four victories, highlighted by two WGC titles and a playoff win. The World No. 1's new season appeared headed for an early title in China, but a surprising final-round 77 dropped him to T2.
OWGR: 1 | Last Six: 2, 17, 33, 18, 1, 13
Spieth followed up a two-win 2016 season with three wins in 2017, highlighted by his third major at Royal Birkdale.
The 24-year old superstar was unstoppable in the 2014 Hero World Challenge, winning the tournament by an incredible 10 strokes in a record setting 26-under-par finish. Spieth enters the big money Bahamas event with a top 10 at the Australian Open last week – his first competition since East Lake in September.
OWGR: 2 | Last Six: 8, 7, 7, 2, 2, 28
Ranked only behind DJ and Spieth, Thomas will be teeing it up for the first time since a win at the inaugural CJ Cup in Korea. The reigning Player of the Year posted his best season as a tour pro with five wins, which included his first major at Quail Hollow.
The 24-year old Kentuckian made the most of his two starts in the wrap-around season with a victory in Korea and a T17 at the CIMB.
OWGR: 3 | Last Six: 1, 17, 2, 47, 1, 6
Since a missed cut at the PGA Championship in August, Rose has made eight international starts against mostly elite fields (FedExCup and Race to Dubai) and has finished in the top 10 in each, highlighted by two wins (WGC-HSBC Champions and Turkish Airlines Open).
OWGR: 6 | Last Six: 10, 4, 1, 1, 10, 2
Credits: Getty Images, Joel Cook
2017 Hero World Challenge
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Jeff is a writer and content producer for Pro Golf Weekly. He is working on a book, documenting five seasons of major golf championships - 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021.
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'Saturday Shelf Showcase' #1
'Saturday Shelf Showcase' is a weekly event on a Saturday which draws attention to the books that are due out in the coming week that I can't wait to read or that I think others will like to read.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Sourcebooks Casablanca Genre: Romance, Contemporary
Buy Links: Amazon UK / Amazon US / Book Depository / Wordery
First in a new series about a struggling Montana ranch, a woman determined to save her family, and the NHL-star-turned-cowboy who makes it all possible.
Mel Shaw is determined to keep her family ranch from going under, so she takes on a job helping some city slicker get his old ranch up and running. And if that means being in tight quarters with the hot NHL-star-turned-cowboy? Well, she did say she'd do anything for family.
After leaving his NHL career behind, Dan never expected to find a home on his rundown Montana ranch, but with Mel guiding the way, he finds that and so much more…
Perfect for Fans of:- Maisey Yates, Dani Collins, Kat Latham.
Publication Date: 4th January 2016 Publisher: Entangled: Brazen Genre: Romance, Contemporary
Buy Links: Amazon UK / Amazon US
Between love and hate, there's a whole lot of trouble…
Chad Lake only showed up at his sister's party for the free food, but when he spots an uptight nerd at the edge of the crowd, he can't resist trying to ruffle the guy's perfect bow tie and impeccable hair. The hottie's ready for him, though, and in the end, it's Chad who's left wide-eyed, his ears still ringing with the filthy things Bow Tie whispered in his ear. No one gets the upper hand on Chad. Ever.
Owen Hawkins has heard all about the cocky Adonis from Chad's sister—the same sister who holds Owen's career advancement in her hands. He has every intention of steering clear of the other man…until Chad's sexy taunts push him too far. There's something intriguing about Chad, and even though Owen knows that getting tangled up with the infuriating man is trouble, he can't seem to stay away…
Perfect for Fans of:- Tawne Fenske, Gina Gordon, Tessa Bailey.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Headline Eternal Genre: Romance, Contemporary, New Adult
Eight years can disappear in an instant... But their connection runs deeper than ever.
One look at Katie Watts, and Ethan is fifteen again - the boy who risked everything to save a terrified girl from her twisted kidnapper. Now Katie is grown-up - beautiful, composed and telling her story to the world. Ethan was once her guardian angel - and he wants to be sure that she's still safe.
When they reconnect, it's as different people - but Ethan wants Katie every bit as much as she wants him. Yet all he can do is savour every moment they're together until she uncovers who he really is. Because her kidnapper - a convicted serial killer - is also Ethan's father.
Perfect for Fans of:- Samantha Towle, Abbi Glines, Colleen Hoover.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Berkley Genre: Romance, Erotica, Contemporary
Buy Links: Amazon UK / Amazon US / Book Depository
Overtime has never felt so good…
Marin Rush loves studying sex. Doing it? That's another story. In the research lab, Marin's lack of practical knowledge didn't matter, but now that she's landed a job at The Grove, a high-end, experimental sex therapy institute, she can't ignore the fact that the person most in need of sexual healing may be her.
Dr. Donovan West, her new hotshot colleague, couldn't agree more. Donovan knows that Marin's clients are going to eat her alive unless she gets some hands-on experience. And if she fails at the job, he can say goodbye to a promotion, so he assigns her a list of R-rated tasks to prepare her for the wild clientele of The Grove's X-wing.
But some of those tasks are built for two, and when he finds Marin searching for a candidate to help her check off her list, Donovan decides there's only one man for the job—him. As long as they keep their erotic, off-the-clock activities strictly confidential and without strings, no one will get fired—or worse, get attached…
Perfect for Fans of:- Kitty French, J. Kenner, J. S. Scott.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Harlequin Romance Genre: Romance, Contemporary, Adult Fiction
More than just a job!
Cara Winstone is determined to bounce back from her last—disastrous—PA job, and working for Max Firebrace is exactly how she's going to do it. Little does Cara know that walking into her brooding boss's luxurious London town house also has her walking into his past.
Since losing his wife, Max doesn't think he has any love left to give. But something in the warmth of Cara's smile jump-starts Max's heart again, making him wonder if he's ready for a new happy-ever-after; with Cara by his side.
Perfect for Fans of:- Joss Wood, Jennifer Rae, Nina Milne.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Headline Eternal Genre: Erotic, Romance, Contemporary, Adult Fiction
Mastered is the first in a sizzling hot erotic romance series, The Enforcers: these men don't play by the rules - they make them. She stood out in his club like a gem, unspoiled and untouched - she clearly didn't belong. Drawn to her innocence he watched as she was surrounded by men who saw what he did - but no one but him could touch her. He summoned her to his private quarters. He sensed her fear. He also recognised the desire in her eyes. And he knew she wouldn't leave before he possessed her. She had no need to know his secrets. Not until he had her under his complete and utter control.The moment he told her what he wanted, she couldn't resist. Instinct told her to run, but her heart said stay and walk the fine line between pleasure and pain. Though she wasn't sure she could ever completely surrender, the primal part of her wanted to try, even knowing this man could break her in ways she never imagined. Because once he possessed her, he owned her and it would be too late to turn back. She can only pray that he doesn't destroy her in the end.
Perfect for Fans of:- Meredith Wild, J. Kenner, Sylvia Day.
Publication Date: 4th January 2016 Publisher: Entangled Brazen Genre: Romance, Contemporary
She's the only one he wants...and the one he can never have…
Ella Clark has been in love with Alex Grayson forever. She's tired of being invisible—or worse, being treated like his kid sister. If she can just get him to drop his iron-fisted control for two seconds, she'll prove she knows exactly how to blow his mind.
Alex has been fighting his attraction to Ella since her should-have-been-innocent sweet sixteen kiss burned down his world. He's damaged, and there's no way he'll ever drag her into his screwed up life. Until she offers him something he's always craved—steamy, no-strings sex inside his exclusive BDSM club. Where she'll be safe from the darkness that haunts him.
Except there's nothing safe about being with Ella, and the more she gives, the harder it is to let her go. If he stays, he risks everything, but how can he walk away from the only woman he's ever needed?
Perfect for Fans of:- Tessa Bailey, Joya Ryan, Nina Croft.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Harlequin Romance Genre: Romance, Contemporary
Destination: romance!
Lara Callaway has been cheated on for the last time. She's enjoying a peaceful stay at her employer's London town house before embarking on the holiday of a lifetime—alone! Until the unexpected arrival of Reuben Tyler throws her senses into overdrive…
The rebellious millionaire becomes her unlikely travel companion, and somewhere between romantic Venice and glamorous Monte Carlo, he is beginning to make Lara feel beautiful again. But can Lara return the favor and show cynical playboy Reuben that he, too, is worthy of love?
Perfect for Fans of:- Susan Meier, Alison Roberts, Amy Rutton.
Publication Date: 7th January 2016 Publisher: Amazon Kindle Genre: Romance, Fiction, Contemporary
The tinsel and baubles are packed away, and the festivities are over for another year, but Hannah can't forget the mysterious stranger who fell into her world on Christmas Day. She flings herself back into normal life in a bid to get him out of her head, which means dating other men and having fun with her sister, Gina. But just as she's getting back on track, fate throws him into her path once more. And this time it results in far more complications than a burnt turkey.
Meanwhile, Gina, is creating problems of her own. As if a messy divorce isn't enough, she grows closer to Ross, the local farmer's son. Hannah knows her sister is not going to be popular when the relationship becomes public, especially with Ross's doting parents or, indeed, Jess, Gina's teenage daughter, who is far closer in age to Ross than Gina is herself.
Things are about to get very, very messy in Hannah's neat little world…
Perfect for Fans of:- Holly Hepburn, Cressida McLaughlin, Cathy Bramley.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Loveswept Genre: Romance, Contemporary, Erotica
Buy Links: Amazon US
Micah Carpenter hates New Orleans. Hell, after ten years he no longer has much affection for the Deacons of Bourbon Street motorcycle club, either. But when the brotherhood calls, Micah answers. Joining the hunt for their mentor's killer, he crosses paths with a Southern belle who exudes class—and sex appeal. Micah knows better than to mess with ice princesses: No matter how hot things get, they never melt. And yet he can't stop himself from offering her a taste of the wrong side of the tracks.
Sarah Delacroix understands that reputation is everything. The daughter of a prominent family rocked by scandal, she's desperate to restore their good name. Micah's exactly the kind of man she should be avoiding. Behind his sleek and sophisticated exterior beats the heart of a predator—and she knows it. But, like the tattoos beneath his tailored suit, his rough edges are irresistible. And all too soon Sarah finds him getting under her skin . . . and living out every one of her hottest fantasies.
Perfect for Fans of:- Megan Crane, Rachael Johns, Jackie Ashenden.
Publication Date: 5th January 2016 Publisher: Harlequin American Romance Genre: Romance, Contemporary, Adult Fiction
SON OF TEXAS
Vic Malone took a solemn oath when he joined the Texas Rangers, and devastating loss only hardened the widower's resolve to do good in the world. When his only son is kidnapped, he finds invaluable help in Claire Ames, who is just as committed to bringing home the boy they both love.
Sweet young Jeremy wasn't the only male Claire would miss when the chemistry grad left her nanny job to start a career in Houston. But all that matters now is helping Vic find his son. When they do, will she be able to leave, proud of her part in his rescue? Or will her Lone Star lawman realize what she's known all along—that they share something too wonderful to lose?
Perfect for Fans of :- Lucy Gordon, Marie Ferrarella, Melissa McClone.
I honestly can't wait to read all this amazing books by these wonderful authors. If you have any other releases that are due out this week then I would love to hear them either in the comment section or on Twitter!
Check back next Saturday for the next Saturday Shelf Showcase!
In 2016, 23 review street, adult, adult book, books, January 2016, meme, new adult book, new books, new meme, saturday shelf showcase, sophie kate


Click Funnels Tutorials – What you NEED to know!
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TO ORDER, find the titles you want and email us with your request. Visa and Mastercard only.
New Books This page is a list of books published recently.
Each section will guide you into even more detailed subject lists, with full write ups on most books available. Further down the road, the tarot card section will have color pictures of the cards from each deck we stock!


text:
Q: ¿Cómo juntar dos listas sin que se combinen los elementos en python? Tengo un pequeño programa que realiza consultas de datos de un API.
Quisiera poder generar una lista de listas (anidada) en la que cada elemento fuera el resultado de la consulta.
Os muestro el código simplificado:
f= ["Campo1","Campo2","Campo3","Campo4"]
#Aquí va todo el código de la consulta que lo voy a obviar#
out_1 = [lista[i]]
out_1.append(soup.np.text)
out_1.append(soup.nm.text)

out_2 = [soup.cn.text]
out_2.append(soup.cpo.text)

output = out_1 + out_2
f = f.extend(output)

La idea es que el resultado sea:
[["Campo1","Campo2","Campo3","Campo4"] , [Resultado1,Resultado2,Resultado3,Resultado4], ...]

Sin embargo el resultado es:
["Campo1","Campo2","Campo3","Campo4", Resultado1, Resultado2, Resultado3, Resultado4, ...]

A: Si usas extend, que es lo mismo que +, Python juntará los elementos de las listas:
>>> d = [1, 2, 3]
>>> e = [4, 5, 6]
>>> d + e
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>> d.extend(e)
>>> d
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Sin embargo, si usas append() añadirá cada lista por separado:
>>> d = [1, 2, 3]
>>> e = [4, 5, 6]
>>> res = []
>>> res.append(d)
>>> res.append(e)
>>> res
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

Que sería lo mismo que hacer res = [d, e].

A: Puedes crear directamente la lista final a partir de las otras:
lista1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
lista2 = ['a','b','c']

lista = [lista1, lista2] => [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ['a', 'b', 'c']]

lista contiene dos elementos, cada uno de ellos una lista.

A: Un variante sencilla para poder insertar listas dentro de otra lista podría ser agregando corchetes:
Datos ejemplo:
f= ["Campo1","Campo2","Campo3","Campo4"]
output = ["Campo5","Campo6","Campo7","Campo8"]

f = [f] + [output]

Ahora f que inicialmente era una [lista] devuelve una [[lista] de listas].
El resultado sera:
[["Campo1","Campo2","Campo3","Campo4"],["Campo5","Campo6","Campo7","Campo8"]]

Espero que te sea de utilidad.


text:
GLOBALFOUNDRIES to Acquire Additional Land in Malta, NY
GLOBALFOUNDRIES (GF), announced its purchase option agreement for about 66 acres of land adjacent to its Fab 8 manufacturing plant in Malta, NY.
"Amid growing consensus in our nation's capital for investment in semiconductor manufacturing, it's more important than ever that we are ready to fast track our growth plans at GLOBALFOUNDRIES' most advanced manufacturing facility in the U.S.," said senior vice president and general manager of U.S. Fab Operations at GF Ron Sampson, in a press release. "With this agreement option, we now have additional flexibility to expand our footprint and position Fab 8 for future growth in Saratoga County and New York State, while strengthening U.S. leadership in semiconductor manufacturing."
Per the release, the acquired land is located at the southeast end of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Saratoga Technology + Energy Park (STEP) campus, adjacent to Stonebreak Road Extension, between GF's Fab 8 facility and Hermes Road.
The company, which employs approximately 3,000 people, has invested over $13 billion in the Fab 8 facility. Recently, GF announced the facility is being brought into compliance with both the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) standards and the highly restrictive Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs) under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
GF employs nearly 3,000 people and has invested over $13 billion in Fab 8, its most advanced manufacturing facility in upstate New York. The company recently announced it is bringing its most advanced Fab 8 facility in upstate New York into compliance with both the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) standards and the highly restrictive Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs) under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
For more information, visit www.globalfoundries.com.
2600 Great America Way
Analog & Power - Analog Semiconductors & Sensors
Analog & Power - Power Semiconductors & Wireless Charging


text:
package Zonemaster::Config v1.0.0;

use 5.14.2;
use Moose;
use JSON;
use File::ShareDir qw[dist_dir dist_file];
use File::Slurp;
use Hash::Merge;
use File::Spec;

use Zonemaster;

has 'cfiles' => ( is => 'ro', isa => 'ArrayRef', default => sub { [] } );
has 'pfiles' => ( is => 'ro', isa => 'ArrayRef', default => sub { [] } );

my $merger = Hash::Merge->new;
$merger->specify_behavior(
    {
        'SCALAR' => {
            'SCALAR' => sub { $_[1] },
            'ARRAY'  => sub { [ $_[0], @{ $_[1] } ] },
            'HASH'   => sub { $_[1] },
        },
        'ARRAY' => {
            'SCALAR' => sub { $_[1] },
            'ARRAY'  => sub { [ @{ $_[1] } ] },
            'HASH'   => sub { $_[1] },
        },
        'HASH' => {
            'SCALAR' => sub { $_[1] },
            'ARRAY'  => sub { [ values %{ $_[0] }, @{ $_[1] } ] },
            'HASH'   => sub { Hash::Merge::_merge_hashes( $_[0], $_[1] ) },
        },
    }
);

our $config;
_load_base_config();

our $policy = {};

sub BUILD {
    my ( $self ) = @_;

    foreach my $dir ( _config_directory_list() ) {
        my $cfile = File::Spec->catfile( $dir, 'config.json' );
        my $new = eval { decode_json read_file $cfile };
        if ( $new ) {
            $config = $merger->merge( $config, $new );
            push @{ $self->cfiles }, $cfile;
        }

        my $pfile = File::Spec->catfile( $dir, 'policy.json' );
        $new = eval { decode_json read_file $pfile };
        if ( $new ) {
            $policy = $merger->merge( $policy, $new );
            push @{ $self->pfiles }, $pfile;
        }

    }
} ## end sub BUILD

sub get {
    my ( $class ) = @_;

    return $config;
}

sub policy {
    my ( $class ) = @_;

    if ( not $policy ) {
        _load_base_policy();
    }

    return $policy;
}

sub _config_directory_list {
    my @dirlist;

    push @dirlist, dist_dir( 'Zonemaster' );
    push @dirlist, '/etc/zonemaster';
    push @dirlist, '/usr/local/etc/zonemaster';

    my $dir = ( getpwuid( $> ) )[7];
    if ( $dir ) {
        push @dirlist, $dir . '/.zonemaster';
    }

    return @dirlist;
}

sub _load_base_config {
    my $internal = decode_json( join( '', <DATA> ) );
    # my $filename = dist_file( 'Zonemaster', 'config.json' );
    # my $default = eval { decode_json read_file $filename };
    #
    # $internal = $merger->merge( $internal, $default ) if $default;

    $config = $internal;
}

sub load_module_policy {
    my ( $class, $mod ) = @_;

    my $m = 'Zonemaster::Test::' . $mod;
    if ( $m->can( 'policy' ) and $m->policy ) {
        $policy = $merger->merge( $policy, { $mod => $m->policy } );
    }

    return;
}

sub load_config_file {
    my ( $class, $filename ) = @_;
    my $new = decode_json read_file $filename;
    $config = $merger->merge( $config, $new ) if $new;

    return !!$new;
}

sub load_policy_file {
    my ( $self, $filename ) = @_;

    if ( not -r $filename ) {
        foreach my $dir ( _config_directory_list() ) {
            my $name = File::Spec->catfile( $dir, $filename );
            if ( -r $name ) {
                $filename = $name;
                last;
            }
            else {
                if ( -r $name . '.json' ) {
                    $filename = $name . '.json';
                    last;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    my $new = decode_json read_file $filename;
    if ( $new ) {
        $policy = $merger->merge( $policy, $new );
        push @{ $self->pfiles }, $filename if ( ref( $self ) and $self->isa( __PACKAGE__ ) );
    }

    return !!$new;
} ## end sub load_policy_file

sub no_network {
    my ( $class, $value ) = @_;

    if ( defined( $value ) ) {
        $class->get->{no_network} = $value;
    }

    return $class->get->{no_network};
}

sub ipv4_ok {
    my ( $class, $value ) = @_;

    if ( defined( $value ) ) {
        $class->get->{net}{ipv4} = $value;
    }

    return $class->get->{net}{ipv4};
}

sub ipv6_ok {
    my ( $class, $value ) = @_;

    if ( defined( $value ) ) {
        $class->get->{net}{ipv6} = $value;
    }

    return $class->get->{net}{ipv6};
}

sub resolver_defaults {
    my ( $class ) = @_;

    return $class->get->{resolver}{defaults};
}

sub logfilter {
    my ( $class ) = @_;

    return $class->get->{logfilter};
}

sub asnroots {
    my ( $class ) = @_;

    return $class->get->{asnroots};
}

no Moose;
__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;

1;

=head1 NAME

Zonemaster::Config - configuration access module for Zonemaster

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    Zonemaster->config->no_network(1); # Forbid network traffic

    my $value = Zonemaster::Config->get->{key}{subkey}; # Not really recommended way to access config data

=head1 LOADING CONFIGURATION

Configuration data is loaded in several stages, each one overlaying the result
from the previous one (that is, the later in the list take priority over the
earlier). The first stage is hardcoded into the source code and loaded while it
is being compiled, to make sure that there will always be some basic
information available. Later, when the configuration object is first used, the
system will look for a file named F<config.json> in each of a list of
directories. If the file exists, is readable and contains proper JSON data, it
will be loaded and overlaid on the current internal config. The directories
are, in order from first checked to last:

=over

=item The L<Zonemaster> perl module installation directory

This is where the installation process puts the default configuration. It is
not meant to be modified by the user, and it will be overwritten when the
module is upgraded (or reinstalled for any other reason). If you really need to
know where it is, you can either check the log message left when loading it or
run this command to find the path:

    perl -MFile::ShareDir=dist_dir -E 'say dist_dir( "Zonemaster" )'

=item /etc/zonemaster

Intended to hold system-global configuration changes.

=item /usr/local/etc/zonemaster

Basically the same as the previous one, but for those who like to keep their
locally installed software inside F</usr/local>.

=item ~/.zonemaster

That is, a F<.zonemaster> directory in the home directory of the current user.
Intended, obviously, for configuration changes local to one particular user.

=back

The possible contents of the JSON data is described further down in this manual
page.

=head1 METHODS FOR CONFIGURATION ITEMS

=over

=item no_network([$value])

Returns the value of the C<no_network> flag. If given a defined value, sets the value to that value.

=item ipv4_ok([$value])

Returns the value of the C<ipv4> flag. If given a defined value, sets the value to that value.

=item ipv6_ok([$value])

Returns the value of the C<ipv6> flag. If given a defined value, sets the value to that value.

=item resolver_defaults()

Returns a reference to the resolver_defaults hash.

=item logfilter()

Returns a reference to the logfilter hash.

=item asnroots()

Returns a reference to the list of ASN lookup domains.

=back

=head1 METHODS

=over

=item get()

Returns a reference to a hash with configuration values. As of this writing, this is simply seeded from static values hardcoded into the module.
This is intended to change.

=item policy()

Returns a reference to the current policy data. The format of that data is yet to be decided on.

=item load_policy_file($filename)

Load policy information from the given file and merge it into the pre-loaded
policy. Information from the loaded file overrides the pre-loaded information
when the same keys exist in both places.

If the given name does not lead directly to a readable file, each of the usual
directories will be checked if the name is there. If the plain name isn't, the
suffix C<.json> will be appended and another try will be done. For example, a
file F<$HOME/.zonemaster/Example.json> will be loaded by calling this method
with the string C<"Example">.

=item load_config_file($filename)

Load configuration information from the given file and merge it into the pre-loaded config. Information from the loaded file overrides the pre-loaded information when the same keys exist in both places.

=item load_module_policy($module)

Loads policy data included in a test module. The argument must be the short
form (without the initial C<Zonemaster::Test::>) and correctly capitalized.

=item BUILD

Internal method only mentioned here to please L<Pod::Coverage>.

=back

=head1 CONFIGURATION DATA

The configuration data is stored internally in a nested hash (possibly with arrays as values in places). As of this writing, the file format used is JSON.

The interesting keys are as follows.

=head2 resolver

=head3 defaults

These are the default flag and timing values used for the resolver objects used to actually send DNS queries.

=over

=item usevc

If set, only use TCP. Default not set.

=item retrans

The number of seconds between retries. Default 3.

=item dnssec

If set, sets the DO flag in queries. Default not set.

=item recurse

If set, sets the RD flag in queries. Default not set (and almost certainly should remain that way).

=item retry

The number of times a query is sent before we give up. Can be set to zero, although that's not very useful (since no queries will be sent at all). Defaults to 2.

=item igntc

If set, queries that get truncated UDP responses will be automatically retried over TCP. Default not set.

=back

=head2 net

=over

=item ipv4

If set, resolver objects are allowed to send queries over IPv4. Default set.

=item ipv6

If set, resolver objects are allowed to send queries over IPv6. Default set.

=back

=head2 no_network

If set to a true value, network traffic is forbidden. Use when you want to be sure that any data is only taken from a preloaded cache.

=head2 asnroots

This key must be a list of domain names. The domains will be assumed to be
Cymru-style AS lookup zones. Normally only the first name in the list will be
used, the rest are backups in case the earlier ones don't work.

=head2 logfilter

By using this key, the log level of messages can be set in a much more fine-grained way than by the policy file. The intended use is to remove known erroneous results. If you, for example, know that a certain name server is recursive and for some reason should be, you can use this functionality to lower the severity of the complaint about it to a lower level than normal.

The the data under the C<logfilter> key should be structured like this:

   Module
      Tag
         "when"
            Hash with conditions
         "set"
            Level to set if all conditions match

The hash with conditions should have keys matching the attributes of the log entry that's being filtered (check the translation files to see what they are). The values for the keys should be either a single value that the attribute should be, or an array of values any one of which the attribute should be.

A complete entry might could look like this:

       "SYSTEM": {
           "FILTER_THIS": {
               "when": {
                   "count": 1,
                   "type": ["this", "or"]
               },
               "set": "INFO"
           }
       }

This would set the level to C<INFO> for any C<SYSTEM:FILTER_THIS> messages that had a C<count> attribute set to 1 and a C<type> attribute set to either C<this> or C<or>.

=cut

__DATA__
{
   "asnroots" : [ "asnlookup.zonemaster.net", "asnlookup.iis.se"],
   "net" : {
      "ipv4" : 1,
      "ipv6" : 1
   },
   "no_network" : 0,
   "resolver" : {
      "defaults" : {
         "debug" : 0,
         "dnssec" : 0,
         "edns_size" : 0,
         "igntc" : 0,
         "recurse" : 0,
         "retrans" : 3,
         "retry" : 2,
         "usevc" : 0
      }
   }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
How to Get a Visa for Myanmar
How to Get a United Kingdom Travel Visa
How to Get a Visa for Poland
Virginia Watson, Leaf Group Updated March 15, 2018
How to Get a Visa for Poland (Photo: Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images )
A Tourism Visa to Poland
How to Apply for a Visa for the Philippines
Poland, in Eastern Europe, is a member of the Schengen agreement, which allows U.S. citizens to enter the country for a period of 90 days without a visa. However, if you are planning on staying in Poland for longer than 90 days, attending school or working for a Polish company, you will need to acquire a visa before your travel. Because visas can take between 15 and 30 days to process, you should plan well in advance of your scheduled travel dates.
Examine your passport. Your passport must have two blank pages in it for the visa. Additionally, it must expire no more than three months past the date of your planned departure from Poland. Renew your passport if you only have a few months or even a year left on it.
Complete a visa application form. Most visa applicants may use either the Schengen Visa Application or the National Visa Application; both are available to download from the Polish Embassy's website. The applications require you to state the nature of your travel to Poland and to provide identification, health insurance and proof of ability to support yourself while in Poland.
Gather your documentation. Have two passport-sized photos taken because you will need to provide them with your visa application. You will also need to provide your last three bank statements, a letter from your health insurance company about your coverage overseas and a reference letter from your employer.
Compile documentation on the nature of your trip. You will need to have letters and other documents supporting the type of trip you're taking. If you're going as a student, you will need a letter of acceptance from the school you'll be attending. For family visits, you will need an invitation from the people you're visiting. Business and work trips will require letters from your employers and a work permit if you are working for a Polish company.
Prepare a self-addressed, self-stamped envelope and payment for the fees. The embassy, consulate or honorary consulate will mail your visa back to you after it has been approved. Additionally, you will have a variety of fees to pay for your visa, and you will need to get a money order, traveler's check or certified check to cover them.
Travel to the nearest Polish embassy, consulate or honorary consulate. Applicants for Polish visas must appear in person for their first submission. The embassy is located in Washington, DC, and consulates are located in New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago. Twenty honorary consulates are scattered throughout the rest of the United States.
The Embassy of the Republic of Poland: Visas to Poland
Travel.State.Gov: Poland Country Specific Information
The Embassy of the Republic of Poland: Polish Consulates in the US
The Embassy of the Republic of Poland: Schengen Visa Application
The Embassy of the Republic of Poland: Polish National Visa Application
Based in New York City, Virginia Watson has been writing and editing professionally since 2004. Her work has appeared in magazines including "The Roanoker Magazine," "Blue Ridge Country," "Pinnacle Living" and the award-winning "Virginia State Travel Guide." Watson holds a Master of Arts in philosophy of education from Virginia Polytechnic and State University.
How Can I Apply for F1 Visa?
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Travel Preparation & Accommodations»
Travel Documents & Protection»
Get Visas»