In support of OASLI's mandate to encourage ties between the Deaf and interpreting communities, our members host OASLI-sponsored events throughout Ontario.
OASLI members have access to Community Engagement Funding (CEF) to assist in the joint planning and delivery of events that bring Deaf and interpreting communities together. Recent events include a community BBQ, a euchre night, and family circus school (see flyer).
You will find upcoming events posted on OASLI's Facebook and Twitter accounts.
If you are an OASLI member, sign in to the Members' Area of this website to learn more about our project proposals and how to get started on hosting an OASLI-sponsored event in your community.


Nikon Ambassador and famed photographer Matthew Jordan Smith is taking his wealth of photography knowledge on the road helping professionals take their imagery and businesses to the Next Level. Matthew will be visiting 26 cities in the U.S., Canada and Europe, teaching an all-day workshop in each city where he puts his teaching and shooting skills on display for workshop participants.
Best known as a favorite photographer for the world's top celebrities, Matthew has shot everything from movie posters, magazine covers and fashion ads, to even being a judge on America's Next Top Model. Workshop participants will learn how to develop their own lighting and photography style from a master that has done it all.
Find a workshop in your area. Then log on to your APA account to get the APA member discount code.
Not yet an APA member? Join here!
Cities include Portland, Seattle, Minneapolis, New York City, Boston, Charlotte, Atlanta, Dallas, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and more.


text:
2019 Update on Conjoined Twins Abigail and Brittany Hensel
Partly Fake: Rare Black Chicken Lays Black Eggs
42 Principles of Maat 2000 years before Ten Commandments
Is Mbah Gotho 146 years old?
Beating Lyme Disease, An Evidence-Based Approach
Art: Strange Tire Elephants
Top Views this Week + Google Popularity?
Piglet with monkey's face / Holoprosencephaly / Homer's Cyclops
Largest Hula World Record and Why It Matters
Incredible, weird and factual.
A Professor's Plan to Save the Earth: Refreeze the Arctic
Some say we can face the facts about climate change or go extinct. If you've looked at the facts and agree, there's an astrophysics professor with a plan.
To understand why some feel this is urgent, consider this experiment: The temperature of the water in a pot on the stove with ice cubes in it doesn't heat up much … until the ice melts, then it heats up very quickly. Without ice as a buffer, you get a runaway reaction, the water boils off.
It's not just the higher sea levels, hotter summers, stronger hurricanes or the food and water shortages that would make this urgent. The concern is extinction level changes like having our oxygen atmosphere evaporate into space to be replaced with methane.
Early Earth had a hazy, methane-filled atmosphere. A new research paper describes a period more than 2.4 billion years ago, when Earth's atmosphere was filled with a thick, methane-rich haze.
Where did all that methane from the ancient earth's atmosphere go? If a lot of it is frozen in ice under the oceans and the oceans keep warming as they have been, just a few degrees could cause the methane to re-enter the atmosphere, kicking off even faster warming.
Not everyone agrees. Ira Glickstein, for example, is not concerned because he says there isn't really enough ice on earth to make the melting a concern. If both the Arctic/Greenland and Antarctic Ice were to melt, that would account for a reduction in warming of only about 2⁰C (3.6⁰F).
For the concern about methane ice, there is a counter argument as to why it might not be a big deal.
The breakdown of methane hydrates due to warming climate is unlikely to lead to massive amounts of methane being released to the atmosphere, according to a recent interpretive review of scientific literature performed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Rochester. … most of the methane released by gas hydrates never reaches the atmosphere. Instead, the methane often remains in the undersea sediments, dissolves in the ocean, or is converted to carbon dioxide by microbes in the sediments or water column.
We obviously need to come to an agreement on this stuff. If we are in trouble, here is a plan to bring back the ice.
Steve Desch is a professor of astrophysics at the School of Earth & Space Exploration at Arizona State University who's come up with a novel plan to rescue the rapidly melting Arctic. He and a team of university colleagues want to replenish the region's shrinking sea ice by building 10 million wind-powered pumps over the Arctic ice cap. In winter these would be used to pump water to the surface of the ice, where it would freeze, thickening the cap.
According to Desch, this is an urgent climate-change issue facing the planet. In a research article in the journal Earth's Future called "Arctic Ice Management," he described it in alarming terms.
"As the Earth's climate has changed, Arctic sea ice extent has decreased drastically," he wrote. "It is likely that the late-summer Arctic will be ice-free as soon as the 2030s."
Already, the region's warming trend is breaking records. Last November, when sea ice should have begun thickening and spreading over the Arctic as winter set in, the region warmed up. Temperatures should have plummeted to -25 degrees C but reached several degrees above freezing instead. This warming is unprecedented, according to researchers. Even in January the Arctic sea ice was the lowest in 38 years since satellites began surveying the region, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center.
This is a situation that threatens the planet's sustainable future. The loss of the Arctic's summer sea ice cover not only disrupts life in the region, endangering many of its species. It would also trigger further warming of the planet by removing ice that reflects solar radiation back into space, disrupt weather patterns across the northern hemisphere and melt permafrost – releasing more carbon gases into the atmosphere.
He said that it's likely already too late to reverse the situation by decreasing temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, and simply telling people not to use fossil fuels isn't enough. This being the case, his article proposes restoring the region's sea ice artificially, by using wind power to pump water to the surface during the winter, where it will freeze more rapidly.
Right now, it's only a proposal. But the research article was featured in such news outlets as The Guardian and CNN no doubt thanks in part to its eye-popping estimated price tag of $500 billion.
That may sound like a lot, but Desch said that the time has come to start thinking big.
"Every year, there is more ice melting in the summer and less freezing in the winter," he told CNBC. "We're losing 300 cubic kilometers per year on average. The Arctic is losing ice the size of an ice cube that's four miles on each side; [that's 64 cubic miles annually]."
Desch proposes the use of wind power to pump water from below the sea ice to the surface, in order to accelerate the rate of freezing. The technology that he proposes to do the job is utterly simple.
"Imagine a buoy bigger than a minivan, with a wind turbine on top," he said. "One device could pump up enough water to increase the thickness of the ice by one meter over an area one-tenth of a square kilometer."
While the buoy that Desch proposes is a simple bit of technology, his plan would require a lot of them to achieve the results he feels are appropriate. That's where the $500 billion price tag comes in.
"We would need 10 million devices, at $50,000 per device," he said.
He added that the entire $500 billion sum would not have to be used all at once. His plan that could be spread out over as much as a full decade to lessen the pain.
Still, this would be an enormous task, and his estimate accurately reflects the logistics involved in getting something this big up and running.
"This is sort of Manhattan Project or Iraq War in scope, so it's not impossible if we make it a priority," he said. "If you want to reverse that situation, you want to do something big. It's not impossible. It's big, but it's not impossible."
Desch's proposal is not the only one that's out there that addresses the rapidly melting Arctic ice. According to The Guardian, an alternative proposal involves artificially whitening the Arctic by scattering light-colored aerosol particles over it, which would reflect solar radiation back into space. Desch, however, isn't looking to introduce anything new into the Arctic ecosystem.
"One advantage of our approach over other geoengineering ideas is it's purely mechanical," he said. "We're not introducing any new chemicals into the environment. We're proposing accelerating a process that naturally should be occurring, and trying to restore the ice to the point where it was 20 years ago."
So who might foot the bill for this effort? Desch doesn't believe it will be a single philanthropist or angel investor who will write a $500 billion check and get the ball rolling. In fact, he believes that an undertaking of this size should be the responsibility of numerous parties.
"We don't think any one person would unilaterally do this, or should," he said. "A project this size needs a government to get involved, and the restoration of sea ice is important at a local scale as well. Coastal erosion is accelerating and permafrost is dying, so I can imagine starting on a smaller scale there."
— By Daniel Bukszpan, special to CNBC.com
If you want to help this happen, spread this idea. I think it be cool to see. We could be the generation that saves the earth for all future life.
Some people think we are spirits and wiping out all of humanity, therefore, would not be a big deal. Other people think humanity is a virus and wiping it out would not be a big deal. Still others feel they'll be gone by then and so doesn't matter what they do to the planet now. Some do care, however.
If a natural sun cycle and no human activity is warming us up, re-icing the poles could buy us a few more generations time to work on survival.
I think vote to do it. Give people jobs building the machines. Re-ice the poles!
What's your vote?
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jarabá é um município da Eslováquia, situado no distrito de Brezno, na região de Banská Bystrica. Tem  de área e sua população em 2018 foi estimada em 41 habitantes.

Municípios da Eslováquia
Municípios de Brezno (distrito)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This spell functions as tongues, except the creature touched gains only the ability to speak and understand a regional human language, such as Varisian or Common (Taldane in the Inner Sea region or Tien in Tian Xia), and the language granted must be one you know. You must select the language at the time of casting. The language can't be a dead language, such as Ancient Osiriani or Jistka.
The target speaks the language with a native accent, but the spell doesn't impart knowledge about any culture associated with the language, nor does it change the target's appearance.


We finally stumbled across an intelligent Google bear this week: The wise John Hussman of Hussman Funds. Hussman is one of the few active fund managers who can consistently defend his investment strategy with deep analysis and facts (as opposed to hunches, trends, common wisdom, and other hot air). Hussman's weekly reports, which frequently torpedo the "expertise" spewed all day on CNBC et al, are invaluable.
A good internet business, in my view, is one that creates a "black hole," of what network theorists call "preferential attachment." Some companies, particularly Amazon and Ebay, have done a remarkable job of creating hubs where buyers come because sellers are there, and sellers come because buyers are there [e.g., a network effect]. In contrast, Google is much more vulnerable to competitive entry, because the technology is well known, server farms are becoming less and less expensive, and users don't become more likely to use Google based on what other users do. Little prevents competitors from gradually sniping market share except the slight neuromotor conditioning created by repeatedly typing the company name. I can't stress enough that the vast majority of corporate value is determined by what is in the "tail" beyond 5-10 years. Google is essentially built on applied mathematics, and will probably have ample competition within a decade.
We agree with John's point about the long-tail: Whatever Google is worth, the bulk of that value is based on its performance in years 10-50, not on what happens in the next few years (although the next few years will so influence investors' perceptions of the years 10-50 that the observation is of little practical use).
We think that little neuromotor conditioning (aka, habit and brand) is extremely powerful. Specifically, we think a competitor will have to produce a vast improvement in the search experience before a habitual Google user will ever consider using a different engine. Unless Google takes its eye off the ball, moreover, we think Google will be able to match competitive advances (or buy them) before the competitor can steal significant market share. The theory that "the best search doesn't win–brands win" has been clearly demonstrated over the past few years. Ask.com has consistently been judged to have the best search experience on the web. It has advertised heavily (compared to Google's complete lack of advertising), but, at best, its share has stayed flat. Google's meanwhile, has soared.
We think Google does benefit from a network effect, albeit a weak one (but no weaker than Amazon's): Google has the most users, so Google has the most advertisers. More advertisers means more revenue which means more R&D spending. More R&D spending means sustainable competitive advantage.
Calling All Google Bears: Please Send Us Your Thoughts!


This program offers subsidies to cover kindergarten admission fees and tuition fees to households (guardians) with children aged 3 to 5 living in Osaka City who attend private kindergartens (excluding kindergartens that have been covered by the Comprehensive Support System for Children and Child Rearing), according to the household income level.
Households (guardians) with children aged 3 to 5 living in Osaka City who attend private kindergartens (excluding kindergartens that has been covered by the Comprehensive Support System for Children and Child Rearing).
Application forms are provided by kindergartens around June each year.
Please apply at the kindergarten where the child is attending.
(Note 1) ・・・ The first or the eldest child means a kindergartner or the eldest of two or more kindergartners from the same household.
The second child means the second eldest among two or more kindergartners from the same household, or the eldest kindergartner with one brother/sister in the 1st-3rd grade in the elementary school from the same household.
The third child means the third or subsequent among three or more kindergartners from the same household, or the second eldest among two or more kindergartners with one brother/sister in the 1st-3rd grade in the elementary school from the same household, or a kindergartner with two or more brothers/sisters in the 1st-3rd grade in the elementary school from the same household.
"Children who go to authorized children's centers, etc." refers to preschoolers who are enrolled in authorized day-care centers, certified children homes, special-need nursery schools for children, and daytime short-term treatment facilities for emotionally disturbed children, or preschoolers who are covered by the child development support program, the medical-type child development support program, the special childcare program, or the family day care program (prescribed in Article 24-2 of the Child Welfare Act).
(Note 3) ・・・ The program does not cover brothers and sisters who are in the 1st through 3rd grade at elementary school and who attend authorized children's centers.
(Note 4) ・・・ In the case where total kindergarten tuition (admission fees) paid in 2015 are less than the applicable subsidy amounts stated above, or children enter or leave (or take leave of absence from) public kindergartens in the middle of a semester, the subsidy amounts may be reduced.
(Note 5) ・・・ The municipal graded income tax is based on the amount before the special tax exemption for housing loan.
(Note 6) ・・・ applying, please promptly submit the certifications, including the "Notice of Changes in the Amount of Taxes Paid," to the kindergarten. Please note that submissions will not be accepted after January 15, 2016.
(Note 7) ・・・ Please ask the kindergarten where your child(ren) is/are enrolled whether it has been covered by the Comprehensive Support System for Children and Child Rearing.


The Flemish Audiovisual Fund has refused to fund Phase 3 of The Endless Forest.
The decision was based on negative advice from a commission consisting of Alok Nandi, Elke Van Campenhout, Rob Van Kranenburg, Joannes Van Heddegem, Guy Bovyn and Jan Schuijren.
Phase 3 was to include an essential technical upgrade and a brand new community website. Without these the project can not continue.
Any suggestions for other sources of funding are welcome.
Donations? Unless you already have a donation button and aren't, like, getting enough. Dang.
Geez, that's really depressing to hear. I suppose hunting those people down and crying in their face wouldn't help, but I'd totally be willing to do so.
I think the only thing average users can do, beyond clicking that lil' donate button, is to spread the word, to other users, but more importantly to arts funds and organisations, get them aware of what's happening here, in the hope that word might reach someone in the right circles brilliant enough to help..
I'm just a random person, Michael, but do you think me writing to my local Art museum curator to clue them in on TEF might have some small perhaps positive effect?
With my internship I had to apply for funds as well. I know two sources that would maybe help you (they are all about the Creative Industry), but you should probably make a proposition to them that would include the province of Limburg or the city of Maastricht. If you come up with a plan that would involve the city, I think they would maybe take your proposition into consideration.
If I come across something else, I will ask around, then I will tell you.
Thanks for the suggestions, Juutje. Often these funding opportunities are tied to countries and nationalities. But we'll have a look. Perhaps we can partner up with a Dutch company.
Thank you, Mooncalf. It's is completely impredictable if a letter like that would do anything. But in my experience, networking is always good, no matter where or when. These things seldom bring direct results, but sometimes after several years, something good turns up thanks to some connection that may have seemed totally random at first.
Hang on to your money, Anduin. We may add some things to the Forest soon that you can pay for. We're going to keep registration free but we may add optional goodies. That's going to more fun to pay for than donations.
The problem with other people helping with the development is management. Often it is easier for us to do something ourselves than to instruct and evaluate somebody else's work. Easier and faster. This is why we work with such a small team of very professional people.
But developing The Endess Forest is a lot of work. It's not something you can do on the side, next to your day job. It's a full time occupation when we're working on a phase (16 hours a day...). So while we're doing that, the rent needs to be paid, the kids need to be fed, etc. Of all the people who work on the project, not just Auriea and I.
That is where most of the development budget goes: people.
Bummed to hear this, Michael! I can't offer any sources or suggestions... the best I can do is wish you good luck in your search. The Endless Forest is so very special, we mustn't let it end on the whims of a bunch of heartless suit-wearing norms.
The worst part is that the people who made the decision are not the typical suit-wearing idiots at all. They are in fact experts when it comes to fine arts or new media art. They are all curators and consultants who should know better. The problem is that they didn't consider the technical upgrade and the community web site to be artistic enough. And I agree. But the project cannot continue without these things. They are the basis for further development (that will be artistic). I think they are a bit clueless when it comes to technology and online communities. That's the problem.
I'm sorry to hear they denied the funding for Phase 3, Michael. It's a shame they couldn't look farther than the current technical plans... it's so important to have the right structure underneath any new media art, especially one as complex as TEF.
It's only a temporary setback - the Forest is a special "place", and you deserve the opportunity to see your vision through. Are there other types of grants that might be suitable? Social Research grants or somesuch? If not, there's always the possibility of biting the bullet and drawing up a business plan... if you don't have one waiting in the wings already.
If you are going to start in a commercial direction, I think TEF would make a wonderful partner with Skotos tech ( http://skotos.net ). They have a lineup of casual and story-oriented games created in house, by their players, and through licensing with outside game companies ( such as Lyra Studios - http://www.lyrastudios.com/page.php?page=company_history ). Sometimes, the little guys have to band together.
I know it won't be much help, but I'll be sure to hit the "donate" button next payday.
When I saw this I thought "HELP ANOTHER 8 WE'RE ALL GONNA DIE"...what's so irritating is that I can't really begrudge the people who made this decision, as I'm fairly sure the funding went to some other equally worthy cause.
Do you think writing to the Tate Modern would be any good?


text:
David James Hartigan (8 November 1887 – 16 January 1952) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia and became a physician.

Hartigan attended parochial school at North Sydney and high school at Sydney Mines. In 1916, he made an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Cape Breton South riding in the 1935 general election. After serving one term, the 18th Canadian Parliament, he was defeated by Clarence Gillis of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in the 1940 election. Hartigan was unsuccessful at unseating Gillis in the 1945 election. He died in 1952.

References

External links

1887 births
Physicians from Nova Scotia
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
1952 deaths


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TattoosAndCarsLuciSiLorenzoLunaDARINGsweetANGEl .DARINGsweetANGElHeatherLinnBeautyGabyAlluringJessica .sweetisabelitaxWeratransChrisRowePuffyMary .SallySunriseDannySuarezDomeRikilerik1984 .angellpisEvaBlumliveCanvasSexphrodite .MilfNikySmileVikaHairyBritEricaBliss .KaceyJamesKaceyJamesEvaBlumSweettyLinda .EvaBlumHunHelenAliceInNastyland01Alexis .LenaDiFiorGabrielaMSonyaDrewPerfectWoody .001AsianDreamRaichaelJordanMilfNikyBobWildBoy .sweetVessypollymollysLilCurvyBabeBeautyGaby .


I want to make a os-rs bot.
Please Read, need transfer help.
How do I create my own RuneScape bot? Instead of using Powerbot, Epicbot, e.g?
What is a good runescape bot?
Which bot is actually legit?
Estimated Time For 99 RC?
99 Mining On Pure Essence?
Need some one to finish my scrip-summoning[timed potion drinking+summon pouch].
Can anyone see what is wrong in this script?
How can I get Bot work?
Stay Logged in While Botting?
RSbot won't work for me.
Run RSBot on Private server?
How do you add Scripts?
RSBot The Ess Miner Error?
Showing interface IDs and Child IDs with RSBot?
Compile and path error w.e u want just fix it!! Look!!


text:
AppOnBoard names ex-Riot CTO Mike Seavers as its new CEO
AppOnboard
July 10th, 2020 - 11:30am
By Kayleigh Partleton, Staff Writer
No-code game design and development platform AppOnboard has appointed Mike Seavers as its new CEO.
Seavers has joined the company from Riot Games, where he served as chief technology officer. Overall, he has 25 years of experience in the industry, particularly across engineering, product and project management.
"I know first hand how difficult it is to create video games. One of the main problems is that there's a lack of simple tools for designers, artists, and creatives to be fully empowered. AppOnboard can make game development accessible to everyone with an idea and fulfil the promise where imagination is all you need to create a video game," said Seavers.
"The next big hit doesn't have to come from a triple-A studio with a multi-million dollar budget and a five-to-seven year production schedule. Today's gamers are much more diverse and react in real-time to new trends and movements."
Positive future
AppOnboard co-founder and former CEO Jonathan Zweig personally recruited Seavers and will continue to work alongside him as president of the company.
"As AppOnboard grew, we wanted to bring in a proven industry leader to scale our business. Seavers has a wealth of knowledge and experience that few others can match, so we were thrilled that he shared our vision for the company and look forward to working together to enable the future of no-code game development," said Zweig.
The Los Angeles-based firm acquired its flagship product Buildbox in June 2019. Furthermore, British developer and publisher Kwalee has teamed up with the platform for no-code development.
Kayleigh Partleton
A freelance writer based in Berkshire. Besides PG and PCGI she has written as a guides writer, specialising in RPG's and horror.
News Jul 8th, 2020
Magic Leap appoints ex-Microsoft exec Peggy Johnson as new CEO
Job News Jul 7th, 2020
AppLovin strengthens its executive team with four new appointments
Anzu welcomes David Sable as a strategic advisor
News Jul 1st, 2020
Scopely hires Mike DeLaet as its new senior vice president for strategic partnerships
Job News Jun 24th, 2020
Jack Tretton joins Rogue Games as a strategic advisor
as News 9 hours, 59 minutes ago
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Marathon is located in the Northwoods of Wisconsin in the heart of America. We build high quality, high performance world class motors and generators at our Wausau plant, in addition to our other US and global facilities.
We like to believe that we go that extra distance in serving our customers the way we like to be served, just as our motors go that extra distance in your application.
Our people are proud in what they build and proud of the Marathon name.


Join the Kimberly Family Foundation for our Second Annual Charity Casino Night, presented by The Crossings at Victory Station and The Alley on Main, on October 27, 2018, at The Warehouse in Murfreesboro.
Tickets may be purchased via Eventbrite for $100.00 each and the number of tickets sold will be limited. All tickets include food, an open bar, and casino gaming. Sponsorship opportunities are also available; each sponsorship includes tickets to the event.
The event will include two rounds of heavy hors d'oeuvres provided by The Alley on Main, an open bar featuring liquor, wine, and craft beer, and three hours of Vegas-quality casino games, including favorites such as Blackjack, Roulette, Craps, and Poker.


Is there a particular part of camp that you specifically would like to be involved in or help with?
If you are a teen camper please enter parent information!
If you are a teen camper please enter an alternative emergency contact!


I was shopping at a local farmers' market and picked up a few heads of garlic. While waiting to purchase the garlic, I placed them on a black shelf near the cash register. The sunlight from behind the cashier spilled over to the garlic, highlighting their thin translucent layers. And, of course, I immediately wondered if I could duplicate that look on black glass. Would the reflective glass give the garlic layers an iridescent quality? Inspired by that thought, I made three trips to stores to purchase black glass. After never finding it in stock, I gave up. To get the shot before the garlic died, I used black foam core and a clear piece of Plexiglass and accomplished the same look.
It's wilted spinach and a poached egg on toast. My typical go-to power breakfast because it is healthy and easy to make. The first time I saw the bright yellow yolk against the dark green spinach, I knew I had to photograph it. Before breakfast could be served.
This image was created for a client's website and the direction was very specific. All of the ingredients had to be photographed in one pot because the dish is all cooked together at one time. We photographed this dish before, during and after cooking. Although the client originally wanted to include water in the image because that is part of the ingredient list, the addition of water did not make the image stronger. In fact, the water created reflections, floating ingredients and other oddities. This became the main image for the website. On a side note, I can actually cook this!
This image was created for a website and the idea was to create a very rustic, country appeal. I tend to use large vintage cutting boards or bread boards as backdrops for this sort of look. I had recently purchased a galvanized tin platter and was eager to try it. I was a little concerned with the white balance of the cool platter against the warm tone of the wood board. I did make a small adjustment in post to balance those tones. Overall, the textures of the platter, wood and linens combined with coloring of the Honeycrisp apples created a nice rustic look that worked nicely.
I was almost finished with my Thanksgiving meal shopping at the local supermarket when I walked past the floral department. They had a display of Indian corn intended to be used as decor. I saw photo opportunities with the rich colors and textured husks. Of course, it took twenty extra minutes to select three ears suitable for a photograph. And only a photographer can justify spending more time in a supermarket on the day before Thanksgiving.
At 7:00pm one evening, my daughter told me we had to take treats to the holiday class party the next morning. After recovering from my immediate meltdown, I found a recipe on-line that listed ingredients we actually had in the pantry. And, bonus, no cooking involved! They turned out nice but she was a little late that morning because I had to photograph the "No Bake Cake Balls" before she left for school.
This was one of those absentminded moments in the kitchen when I sliced a pear vertically and saw that the seed was actually split perfectly in half too. I took one look at it in my hand and ran over to the shoot table to grab a quick shot.
I used a light painting technique to create an image of these little pumpkins. After arranging them on my shooting table, I composed and focused the shot with my camera mounted on a tripod. I turned off vibration reduction, turned on manual focus and then turned off the overhead lights. Using an exposure of about one second, I experimented with small flashlight and quickly "painting" the pumpkins with the light. After several attempts, I captured this one.
There is always one that has to be different. But that's a good thing. It really makes everything a lot more interesting. I love wooden utensils and jumped at a chance to add these to my collection. I also love prints of utensils in my kitchen. I shot this one for myself, intending to use it as a color print. However, when I was working on this image in Lightroom, I did a quick black and white conversion and experienced a kismet moment. There was a talk show playing on the television that I was only partially listening to. But as I converted the image to black and white, the person on the show said, "What we have in common easily trumps our differences." These are all spoons, the only difference is their color; each one is different. It's a much stronger image in black and white.
This is my hometown in south Alabama. It's a small town of 2000 people located along a highway that is mostly known for being the route to Destin, Florida. It was around 10:00pm on a Friday night. To create this look, I used a wide angle lens, a diffuser filter and a long exposure. The slow moving car was a bonus. I was standing in the middle of the street on the opposite side of an intersection. Clearly there was no traffic so there was no real risk.
I was playing with a lens, photographing the moon from my front porch. I was a little startled when the plane appeared, but I leaned in and kept shooting. That is a habit I picked up from photographing dancers and sports which is, when something unexpected happens in front of the camera, keep your eye to the camera, stay with the motion, keep shooting. That habit paid off as I got three exposures when the plane flew in front of the moon. In the first one, only the nose of the plane is visible. In the third one, only the tail of the plane is in front of the moon. The second shot was this one. Thankfully.
This image was created for a client's website to showcase the eyewear. The inspiration was to convey a "traditional man of the world" image. We chose a fabric suitcase with hard lines as a backdrop for the rectangular shaped eyewear. To make the tortoise color pop a little more, we used a backlight to show the translucence quality of the eyeglasses.
This image was created for a client's website during the holiday season. The selling points of the eyewear are that it folds compactly, is inexpensive and is available in several colors. The eyewear was posed on top of a colorful Christmas stocking to suggest it is a perfect stocking stuffer idea.


Next month Breaking II will be released, so if you're a Twilight fan and you like vampire style I think you'd like to know that DuWop, the American brand that took care of makeup of the actors in the film, has launched a line of cosmetics to make you look like the twilight characters!
1. Apply a base of unostonos lighter than that of your skin. I recommend you do it with a sponge such as Beauty blender, to make it smooth and uncut.
2. Paint your eyes black and if you want to make more of a vampire look, wear very dark lenses.
3. Finally apply a little debase also on your lips to give that appearance of "dead."
Did you know these makeup tricks? And do you like twilight makeup?


text:
Congress Should Lift the Cap on SNAP's A...
Congress Should Lift the Cap on SNAP's Appropriation
| By Dottie Rosenbaum
The fiscal year 2021 Agriculture appropriations bill that the House will consider this week includes far less funding for SNAP (food stamps) than the program will likely need because it's based on pre-COVID-19 funding assumptions.
The 2021 risks stem from (1) the uncertainty over the next 14 months (i.e., through the end of fiscal year 2021) of economic conditions such as unemployment and other factors that affect SNAP eligibility and enrollment; and (2) the fact that although SNAP is an entitlement, meaning that anyone who qualifies under program rules can get benefits if they apply, the appropriators cap available funding each year.
Fortunately, Congress can solve the problem by treating SNAP like it treats most other entitlement programs and — rather than provide a precise funding amount that may prove inadequate — provide "such sums as may be necessary" to fund all the benefits for eligible enrollees who apply for them.
Let's take the two issues in turn.
Uncertainty about need. When the Trump Administration developed its estimates for the number of people who will be eligible for SNAP and the funding required to meet that need in fiscal year 2021, unemployment was below 4 percent and food inflation had been below 1 percent a year for five years. With a relatively strong economy, SNAP caseloads had fallen every year since peaking in fiscal year 2013. As a result, the Administration's estimates (upon which the House based its SNAP funding level) assumed that SNAP participation would continue to fall in 2021 to an average of 37 million people a month and that food costs would rise only modestly.
But, due to COVID-19 and the resulting economic downturn, SNAP participation by early this summer had risen to more than 43 million and food costs had grown by 5 to 6 percent. Most forecasters expect unemployment to remain high for several years. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that it will be 9.4 percent in the first quarter of 2021 and 7.6 in the fourth quarter of that year.
Exactly how much SNAP will need next year based on the number of people who will qualify and apply is highly uncertain, but it's already clear that the amount in the bill before the House is too low by many billions of dollars. Moreover, the shortfall is tied directly to one of SNAP's most important features: its ability to expand to meet rising need as more people become eligible for its benefits during and after an economic crisis.
Capped appropriation. If SNAP were funded like almost every other entitlement program, its funding would adjust automatically to actual conditions — rising when more people are eligible for them and shrinking when fewer are.
But, as we've explained, SNAP and child nutrition (including school lunches and breakfasts) are the only major entitlements under which beneficiaries face the risk of two types of failures in the appropriations process: annual capped funding that proves inadequate to cover program needs for an entire fiscal year, and a government shutdown because policymakers have not funded some or all government programs in a particular year. Such failures can leave tens of millions of low-income families and children unable to afford food, and they risk causing confusion and harm to food retailers and schools.
Many entitlements that provide benefits to all eligible people who apply do not require annual appropriations because the laws establishing the programs directly provide funding. They include Social Security, unemployment insurance, and farm price supports through the Commodity Credit Corporation.
For most other entitlements that policymakers fund through the appropriations process — such as Medicare parts B and D, Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income, veterans' compensation and pensions, and crop insurance — the House and Senate Appropriations committees provide protections in their bills against one or both types of appropriations failures.
For SNAP, the only "cushion" that appropriators have provided in recent years to address possible funding shortfalls is a $3 billion "contingency benefit reserve" for the Agriculture Department to use if the funding level is too low. That would have covered less than a month of SNAP benefits before the pandemic. In the bill before the House this week, once again, a $3 billion contingency benefit reserve is all that would be guaranteed. (Congress in recent years has extended its availability, so unused funds from the $3 billion are available for a couple of years into the future. This year, however, those funds may be needed to meet fiscal year 2020 program costs.)
To be sure, the President and Congress provided additional SNAP funding for fiscal 2020 through the CARES Act of March and will likely need to do so again in the next economic relief package that policymakers are now trying to put together. But there's no guarantee that policymakers will advance large supplemental or disaster bills, which might include more SNAP funding, the next time that SNAP runs the risk of running short.
For other appropriated entitlements, policymakers have a simple way to protect against inadequate annual funding: they provide "such sums as may be necessary" in the appropriations bills to fulfill the requirements of the underlying law that covers the program in question.
That approach does not "cost" the Appropriations committees any money under congressional budget rules, nor would it for SNAP. It would simply protect low-income families with children, seniors, and people with disabilities from hunger if SNAP funding falls short or if political or other factors interrupt or delay the appropriations process.
For the SNAP funding bill before the House, the House Appropriations Committee Report includes a commitment to "fully fund" SNAP, so the committee presumably plans to revisit the appropriation level in the coming months before agreeing to a final number during a House-Senate conference committee later this year to craft a final bill. But, given substantial economic uncertainties and the increased numbers of people struggling with food needs and other hardships, we strongly urge Congress to make the fix that's really needed: put SNAP's appropriation on par with other major entitlements and protect it fully from possible funding shortfalls.
Federal Budget, Food Assistance
Dottie Rosenbaum
Senior Fellow and Director of Federal SNAP Policy
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Protecting SNAP and Child Nutrition Programs From Appropriations Lapses
More Relief Needed to Alleviate Hardship
The Case for Boosting SNAP Benefits in Next Major Economic Response Package
Rising Food Prices Means Rising Need for Aid
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Lavender fields at Brugelette. Oil on panel. 8 x 10.
Echo Chamber. Oil on panel. 11 x 14.
This is a barbecue shelter on the air base where I work (well, where I have a job, anyway). Again, the light was changing constantly with the sun breaking through the clouds every few minutes. This has come out looking a little gloomier than it seemed at the time.
Late afternoon wheat field. Oil on panel. 8 x 10.
Painted this same scene a few weeks ago. The wheat has completely changed colour, of course, which is why I wanted to paint it again. This was the last one of the day, brings my total finished works this year up to a meagre fourteen.
Got a little bit more of this done at the weekend. From a photo taken on an overcast day, but even so it's time to throw some colour at this one I think!
Managed some slow progress with this one over the weekend. The cables (?) from the tower on the bridge will probably get painted over and re-done, hopefully with a little more subtlety and accuracy!
New York sunset. Oil on canvas. 24 x 16.
This one's done now, I think. Decided to take the plunge and sign it anyway (although I have now relaxed my self-imposed rule of not changing paintings at all after the signature). The light is quite poor today so the photo could probably be better; I may try to take one outside later if the Belgian gloom ever lets up.
Knowing when to stop with a painting is something I still find difficult. I was tempted to add some TV aerials to the roof of the red brick building at the left, and there should be a heap of air vents and so forth on the flat roof at the right. The boss suggested not to put them in, and I think she was right.
HMS Belfast. Oil on linen panel. 12 x 16.
My two year daughter exclaimed 'Ship!' when she saw this, so hopefully it's fairly recognisable. Completed, anyway. Quite pleased with some aspects of this one.
Untitled. Oil on panel. 20 x 10.
On the trail. Oil on canvas panel. 12 x 16.


text:
Students to be offered flu shots
The Liberty County Health Department has partnered with the department of preventive medicine at Fort Stewart to set up H1N1 vaccination clinics in local schools next month.
"This is the first time the military and civilian health departments have partnered to conduct these clinics," health department administrator Deidre Howell said. "I am really excited about this."
Howell said parents can expect their students to bring home packets explaining the clinics sometime this week. "We will be going to each school to provide H1N1 vaccines during school hours. The exact dates haven't been set, but the tentative times are between Feb. 1 and Feb. 12. We'll try to get it all done in those two weeks."
The packets going home with students contain information about H1N1 and the vaccine, as well as consent forms for parents to sign. Howell said once dates for each school have been set, another flyer will go home to parents and they should send the consent forms back with the students on the day of the vaccination clinic. The vaccines are free. The packets request insurance information if parents have it but such information is not required to administer the vaccine.
Howell said most children will be eligible to receive the vaccine in mist form, unless they have asthma or another active respiratory ailment.
Children younger than 10 should also receive a follow-up vaccination four weeks after the initial one; the second vaccinations won't be given at schools but parents can go into the health department for them, she said.
Children with allergies to latex or eggs should not be vaccinated, but Howell encourages family members to be vaccinated to prevent bringing the virus into the home.
The Centers for Disease Control is estimating another wave of H1N1 flu will arrive this spring, Howell said. The seasonal flu is also expected to make a spring appearance, Howell said fall cases were lower than anticipated, likely because more people than usual were vaccinated last year.
The health department also encourages people to get the seasonal flu vaccine if they haven't yet, Howell said. Both types of flu have the potential to reappear this spring. The health department has a limited number of seasonal flu shots available for $25.
For more information on seasonal flu or H1N1 vaccinations, call Howell at 912-876-2173, ext. 206.


THE GOUGH MAP: AN INVESTIGATION: The provenance of a historical 'tour de force' in English cartography.
The Gough Map1, generally referred to in glowing terms because of its apparent accuracy is believed to be the product of a cosmographer working in Britain cAD1360. It is also thought to be a redrafting of a compilation made cAD12802.
Depicting Britannia, it is 553 x 1164 mm formed by two skins of vellum which are the base medium for the pen, ink and coloured wash map (Millea1, 2008). It has a depiction of towns similar to the Tabula Peutingeriana (Ferrar3, 2005) with drawings of buildings, including churches, used to illustrate their position. The rivers, which are a major feature of the map are in some instances drawn geographically, whilst others are purely diagrammatic, with each ending in (or commencing in) a lake or spring.
The third set of features within the confines of the coastal form, are a series of red lines with Latin numbers appended. These have been variously thought of as roads with inter-distances, much as shown on the Tabula Peutingeriana, or, merely as the inter-town distances as described in the Itinerarium Antonini (Rivet4, 1979), without inferring a road route (Margary51955).
The coastal form may be described in three parts; England is drawn with a map form surpassing that of Claudius Ptolemy (Stevenson6, 1932 & Map 5B), with geographic features correctly shown: Scotland is drawn as a northern protuberance mimicking a digit of the hand, and as such it indicates either the draughtsman had no personal knowledge of its physical shape, and was copying what it was purported to be, perhaps from the first and missing page of the Tabula Peutingeriana (map 2B), or, it was a guess from a written description: Wales is depicted overlarge whilst maintaining a semblance of reality in its north/south extremes, but is missing three crucial features; The Lleyn peninsula, Cardigan Bay and a proper St. David's peninsula. It is as though geographic time has been reversed and the land lost to the sea in Cardigan Bay (Steers7, 1964 p148) has been restored.
Prior to 690, it is from the Roman occupation that the probable normal usage of maps, itineraries and geographical data can be traced, as is discussed later.
In c690, a "Cosmographiorum codici mirandi operis", described by the Venerable Bede8 as a finely executed "manuscript of the cosmographers" was extant in a monastery in Yorkshire. Then we read in his "Ecclesiastical History" a full geographical description of Britannia. Thus in the monastic houses the basis for a geographical study of Britannia may have been borne, evidenced by, and culminating in the works of, Gerald of Wales, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Matthew Paris and of course Richard of Haldingham, who has ascribed to him the Hereford9 Mappamundi, dated to c1290.
In "English Maps, A History", Delano-Smith and Kain10 argue it is possible that a copy of the "Almagest" of Claudius Ptolemy11, c150, could have been available in Britannia during 1250-1350AD. They state; "By about 1265, it had occurred to Roger Bacon12, Franciscan Friar and teacher at the University of Oxford, that the system described in the Almagest could indeed be used in making a map of the world. Bacon's description of a co-ordinate system based on parallels and meridians is found in his OPUS MAIUS (part 4) but his map, which must have looked very different from any mappa mundi, is now lost". They complete the paragraph stating that the Almagest is so very different from the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy: there are no lists of co-ordinates. However, as is explained later in this text the concept must have been acquired and used.
However we must ask if the 14th century in Britannia was a place where surveyors could ply their trade. The late 13th century witnessed an extra-ordinary bout of wars of conquest in Britannia. In 1277, Edward 1st undertook a campaign against the Welsh. This led to the establishment of a remarkable set of castles, from Flint to Aberystwyth which were potent symbols of Plantagenet rule. In Scotland there was the problem of succession to Alexander 3rd, who died in 1282. War ensued and the Scots raided northern England to as far south as York in 1322 and again in 1327. Finally in 1328 the treaty of Edinburgh assured Scotland's independence. Seemingly safe against Scotland, although they invaded again in 1346, but were defeated at Durham, Edward 3rd invaded France to regain his lands, confiscated by King Philip IV of France. These are the Anglo-French wars from 1337 to 1453.
Then the Black Death arrived. From an initial outbreak in June 1348 after 18 months or so, that plague was so virulent in England that just under half the population died and settlements shrunk by as much as 60 percent. That is of course if they were not completely deserted as the records show so many were. Further outbreaks were in 1361 and 1369, with others at more or less a decade apart.
Thus it is against this backdrop that two maps, the latter dated to 1360 were produced.
There are very few extant maps from the period prior to the Gough map compilation (D-Smith/Kain10 1999). We do however have ancient descriptive texts indicating the shape and form of Britannia (Map2A). But, only one geographic feature appears to be a constant in all of the extant data concerning Britannia, CANTIUM PROMONTORY now the South Foreland. Thus we read13 in Diodorus Siculus, V, 21; Caesar BG, V.13.1; Strabo, 1.4.3 etc; Claudius Ptolemy, II. 3. 3 and II. 3. 4, and even Venerable Bede, i.15 etc., that Cantium Promontory is listed as the defining point of Britannia, with distances for its overall coastline and to the coast of Gaul given. Map diagrams 2A & C illustrate the changing landscape.
But to draw a map, survey data is required. There is scepticism in many quarters regarding a Roman World Survey, but T. P. Wiseman18 (1992; 25-6) argues cogently in favour. He describes the data available in two texts from late antiquity, probably written in the late 4th or early 5th centuries AD. One by Julius Honorius, the orator, and the other from a cosmography attributed to Aethicus. Basically Julius Caesar ordered a survey of the whole world,(Roman dominated), which was completed in some 32 years by four specially appointed commissioners. These facts are recorded upon the Ebstorf, Hereford and Cornwall Mappae Mundi.
Hence, we can assume that Julius Caesar's four commissioner's report, the latest in 18 BC, and Augustus, Caesar's adopted son, now Rome's emperor, requires the world map to facilitate expanding the empire. Marcus Agrippa was entrusted with the project, but, given the preceding activity, he was only required to update the work of those commissioners. Indeed, according to R. K. Sherk19 (1974: 559, n. 80),"It was the conclusion of Klotz . . . that, although Agrippa had taken over much from Eratosthenes, he was a vir vere Romanus and accordingly gave a very high priority to Roman sources in the preparation of his map". In fact, Agrippa's task, continued by Vipsania Polla his sister, was actually completed by Augustus, as described in Pliny20 the Elder's Natural History (3.16-17, 6.139).
Thus when the Claudian21 Invasion of Britannia followed some 50 years later it can be assumed that the instruction to survey the island and add the information to the Roman World map would have been issued.
The details of Roman surveying and their capabilities can be established from a study of the landscape positioning of their constructions, be they forts or roads. Thus, if the landscape positioning of Roman Forts (Map 4) is studied it becomes very apparent that a survey took place. An example from the first advance by 'Cerialis' into Cumbria, is quite definitive (Cornelli Taciti22). The date assigned to the Camps indicates that prior to the Agricolan Campaign, Cerialis advanced to Carlisle via the Stainmore Pass and Eden valley. When Agricola later moved north from Chester and York, forts were established, which from their survey connected landscape positioning obviously required a prior survey; that carried out within Cerialis' first incursion. Thus the survey measure from the camp at Newton Kyme to Ilkley is 23 Roman Miles (Map 3A) and thence to Elslack a further 13 Roman Miles. This is a direct alignment along the Wharfe Valley and over Rombalds Moor, 36 Roman Miles in length. From Elslack the distance measures indicate an amazing survey feat. From Elslack to Overborough is 27.5 Roman Miles; from Elslack to Bainbridge is 27.5 Roman Miles and from Overborough to Ribchester is 27.5 Roman Miles. But these are not an alignment; they form two isosceles triangles in the landscape, and can only be the result of a full scale survey plot. A similar investigation in the Eden Valley, Cumbria,(Maps 3B&C) indicates that the forts are so spaced along a 45 degree alignment as to be precisely 1/3, 2/3 and ½ distance spacing, being Brough to Kirkby Thore to Brougham and then Voreda via Wreay to Carlisle. From this alignment the fort at Troutbeck is perpendicularly sited at the same one third distance of 13 Roman Miles. Such accuracy would have required high quality survey techniques and basic mathematics. To control the layout, maps or plans would be a necessity to ensure the final layout was correct and to record it all for posterity.
There is thus a positive basis from which to work to evaluate the Gough map.
Because a facsimile was being used of known reduction, c80 percent actual size, it is obvious that any distances upon that facsimile would exhibit the same ratio of actual distance to scaled distance. But when measurements were taken to compare true distance to map distance, a fact appeared which made all the preparatory work unnecessary.
The facsimile copy of the Gough map at c80 percent true size is such that in the 21st century we can use a simple millimetre scale rule and measure direct distances from the facsimile with no appreciable error, because 1mm represents 1 Roman Mile.
The Roman Mile, Mille Passus of 5000 pedes, equal to 0.919118 statute miles or 1.4791 Km., was chosen for the simple fact that it had been the only unifying distance for much of Europe. It had been used on the Tabula Peutingeriana and within the text of the Itinerarium Provinciarum Antonini Augusti, and was still extant in Britannia throughout this period.
Connor25(1987, p69) states, The length of the Mile (under) Roman influence is to be seen in the Saxon documents and this influence continued well beyond the Conquest. In the 14th century document, "Certa Mensura", we read: 8 stades make 1 miliarium. (octo stadia unum miliare faciunt).
Having established that Cantium Promontory was an early cartographer's reference point, it was assumed that any graticule would contain this as a specific marker, just as Claudius Ptolemy had chosen with his 22E:54N co-ordinates. The Roman World was measured as 75 Roman Miles per degree of Latitude, (with a circle of 27,000 Roman Miles, or 216,000 stadia, whereas the actual dimension is c216,400 stadia), thus any latitudinal measure which was apparent would, in all probability be a 75 Roman Mile multiple. But, before any lines can be drawn True map north or Geographical north must be established. The map is drawn with east to the top, but what east? It is certainly not geographical east.
Earlier research (Ferrar & Richardson, 200323) had shown that in the landscape of Britannia there was a perfect 3:4:5 ratio triangle from Cantium Promontory to Deva, Chester (Map 4). It is formed by 150:200:250 Roman Miles. By drawing such a triangle based upon the hypotenuse from Cantium Promontory to Deva/Chester it was possible to ascertain a putative North /South and East/West alignment of any graticule, confirm the maps accuracy, and possibly infer is antecedents.
The distance upon the Facsimile Gough map from Cantium Promontory to Deva/Chester is 290mm or 290 Roman Miles. This is inaccurate for a true distance of 250 Roman Miles, but the investigation is not over yet. Setting out a 3:4:5 ratio triangle based upon 290mm produces sides of 174mm and 232mm. Set this triangle upon the facsimile map and the graticule orientation is established, with the base side of the triangle directly aligned to Cantium Promontory and the north/south side providing a possible geographical north alignment (Map 6). The next task was to prove the graticules orientation, and here both Claudius Ptolemy and the Ordnance Survey aid our endeavours. Ptolemy has a longitude 18E, which virtually mimics the Ordnance Survey base longitude of 2 degrees west, now OS400.00 East24.
That alignment when drawn on the facsimile of the Gough map is quite perfectly positioned and precisely parallel to the Cantium Promontory/Deva triangle graticule. But upon the facsimile map the putative 18E longitude is precisely 165mm from Cantium Promontory. Using the Ptolemaic base map, this is 4 degrees, and 165 = 4 x 41.25 Roman miles, which if realised as the 11 ratio of Claudius Ptolemy produces a perfect Latitudinal measure of 75 Roman Miles, the Roman World Measure.
It is therefore completely feasible to draw upon the (facsimile) Gough Map a graticule of 41.25 x 75 Roman miles and this graticule will be a precise match of the original Claudius Ptolemy Graticule, ratio 11:20, and is of course capable of being scaled by c125 percent to produce the actual graticule on the Gough Map.
To arrive at the Gough Map actual dimension we must increase those measurements by a factor of c1.25 (i.e. from c80 percent or 4/5 to 5/5). Thus 41.25 becomes c51.56mm and 75 becomes c93.75mm. But 51.56mm is very nearly a precise 2 inches (2.03 inches) and a near 2 uncia25, (2.0914). The 93.75mm is actually 3.691 inches. But, the cosmographer would have used a simple graticule, so simple in fact that it is a product of the mathematics. The graticule is in fact 2 inches x 3.66 inches, an 11/20 ratio in simple terms, formed from the 3.66 or 3 2/3 which is itself 11/3. The map size produces the perfect 11/20 ratio, with 11 x 11 graticules.
But in drawing the complete graticule upon the facsimile, another enigma was solved. The Monk Gildas c570AD14, stated Britannia was 800 x 300 miles, which is precisely what the map indicates. Therefore at sometime prior to 500AD a map of sufficient accuracy must have been available for the assessment to be made that Britannia was a rectangle. The triangle has disappeared forever.
To compare the Gough Map to a present day highly accurate map of Britannia, especially an Ordnance Survey map is fallacious. If a map is based upon a ratio of latitude to longitude, 20:11, for the whole of Britannia, when Britannia is at its most southerly 50N (that is a ratio of 0.642:1 or 7:11) and at its most northerly 58.5N (that is a ratio of 0.5225:1 or 5.75:11) then the average at 54.25N is 6.375:11, or 29/50. The Ptolemaic ratio of 20:11 is for 56.633N and therefore requires a completely new map to be constructed. It has been constructed for this and other research by the author, recalculating myriads of Ordnance Survey co-ordinates to provide a distance West and North(South) of Cantium Promontory using the ratio 20:11 or 500:275 stadia of 0.184 kilometres.
It has been entitled Geographical Ptolemaic Map (Map5A) and is the basis of all comparative maps in this paper. The actual Ptolemy map is illustrated for comparison as Map 5B. Thus having drawn a map of Britannia to those parameters, 11:20 ratio based upon one single point, Cantium Promontory, we can make direct comparisons.
Having established the graticule for the Gough map, we may now read the longitude and latitudes of any place thereon.
London is given the co-ordinates 20E/54N by Ptolemy and upon the Gough Map we can deduce the co-ordinates as 190 50'E / 540 27'N. But, as the diagram for London is drawn disproportionately large, the 20E is quite probable.
The putative Roman Map of Britannia (Map 4) indicated that Deva/Chester was a precise 3:4:5 ratio triangle from Cantium Promontory and thus this could be used to locate Deva/Chester upon the graticules. But Ptolemy used 17° 30'E / 56° 45'N for Deva and the Gough Map indicates 16° 23'E / 56° 20'N. Thus it is a full degree west but roughly the same latitude. However, Deva upon the Gough Map is located by a precise 3:4:5 ratio triangle from Cantium Promontory, thus copying the Roman base map.
For further comparison, Ptolemy's York/Eburacum is 20E/57° 21'N; on the Gough Map, 18° 20'E/ 57° 06'N, but on the Geographical Ptolemy Map it is 18° 26'E / 57° 22'N. Thus we can deduce that the cosmographer had conflicting information and was using both Roman eastings and Ptolemaic northings. This is probable as Latitudes are easier to confirm, but longitudes are only possible from a direct measurement. Thus the survey carried out under Roman occupation would be an ideal source.
When a list of the Ptolemaic Poleis co-ordinates is compared with the Gough Map co-ordinates (Table 1) there is a close comparison of the latitudes, but those Gough Map longitudes move to the west the more westerly the poleis. This of course reflects the geographical situation as opposed to Ptolemy's north/south England. The westerly tilt is reality.
For reasons which need not be discussed here, the Ptolemaic map has a most northerly latitude, Novantarum peninsula and promontory at 21E/61° 40'N. The Gough Map terminates Scotland at 63° 27'N and the Geographical Ptolemaic Map at c63°N. The actual latitude for the far north of Scotland is c58° 30'N.
Hence we see that latitudes which can be physically measured are generally representative of the correct position when a like for like comparison is made. But, as only measurement would enable the longitudes to be established, errors with the coastline and hence Poleis close to the coast produce the greatest errors on the Gough Map.
Thus with the Gough Map exhibiting the longitude and latitude graticule of Claudius Ptolemy we can only conclude that during the Roman occupation of Britannia from 44 to 410AD (Frere21 1967), knowledge of Claudius Ptolemy's methodology was transmitted back through the Roman governance system to Britannia. This enabled the map to be drawn using Roman parameters of 75 Roman miles per degree of latitude. Ptolemy worked in Alexandria and we assume wrote all of his work in Greek, which was well understood by some Romans. Surely though we are entitled to assume that in the Roman Empire, speaking Latin, this monumental work would , if only in part have been automatically translated and disseminated throughout the hierarchy of the Roman State.
The landscape positioning of places by a construct of actual degrees East and North for Britannia could not have been taken from the Almagest of Claudius Ptolemy. Therefore, we either accept a Roman basis for the survey and subsequent map, or, assume that the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy was available to cosmographers in the early 13th century. Either assumption requires a paradigm shift in the perception of early maps and also the surveying capabilities of the Romans.
The cosmographer was required to position a proportional rectangle, 11:20 ratio upon the Vellum chosen as the medium for the map base (Map 1). Thus an overall graticule may be drawn which allows for its twisting to fit a larger Vellum skin.
Therefore we can deduce a minimum size for the original Vellum piece from the graticule required to draw the actual map.
The central and basic shape of the map is 11 longitudes and 11 latitudes, which is in fact a perfect 11:20 ratio being 22 inches by 40 inches. But the natural overall graticule is 28 inches by 47.58 inches, and therefore the probable minimum size for the Vellum skin. These dimensions produce a quite remarkable fit to the actual final Vellum size, not only because the corner extremities are denoted by the graticule but also surprisingly, the 11 longitudes at 22 inches is 558.8mm or 55cm, the given width of the map. Map diagram 10 illustrates this fact. The length at 47.58 inches is 1209mm or 120.9cm. The given length is c116cm.
Thus we can assume that the graticule was drawn in charcoal on the Vellum, the angle of alignment maximising the height of the map from what is the maps top right corner to the bottom left corner. These are in fact c22E/51N and c15E/64N. Then, when the map was completed, the Vellum skin was cut to a shape, and then to a rectangle based on the top or east face.
Having established the graticule to be utilised as the frame for the map, specific Poleis were located. That is those whose longitude and latitude could be fairly established from previous research. These are obviously all of the named Legionary Fortresses and the major Civitates which coincide with the Roman Survey proforma as Map 4 indicates. Thus there was in place a locator for the major coastal geographical features of Britannia. These included, Cantium Promontory; Chichester; Exeter; Gloucester; Carmarthen; Caernarvon; Chester; Carlisle; Tynemouth and Jarrow/Monkwearmouth; York; Lincoln and Colchester.
The coastal plot can then be drawn in charcoal as an outline, including the major rivers such as the Thames, Severn and Dee plus the major estuaries such as the Solway Firth; Clyde; Firth of Forth; Tyne and Humber, and with The Wash as a significant marker. The minor rivers would not be located until the full numbers of Poleis were located within the coastal frame.
Using the major Poleis as locators, the minor towns and villages can now be positioned upon the graticule. Many would be known only as a certain walking distance towards another place. The Tabula Peutingeriana and the Antonine Itinerary would have provided more exact information, and, as they are expressed in Roman miles, is it any surprise that the Gough Map is also a Roman Mile compilation. When these are located the actual coastline can be drawn in ink, with the rivers, both major and minor added appropriately. Some to a correct geographical configuration and others quite fancifully expressed. Finally names can be added and text for historical notation. At this stage prior to any colour wash being added the charcoal graticule could be removed,(even if that graticule had only one or two lines in each direction) no doubt using Bread as an eraser. It would appear that the rivers and coastline colour were added prior to the lettering in Red, the notes actually in the sea area were then added and the final colour wash applied.
Thus the map could be assembled without the necessity for major adjustment to its constituent parts. Finally the Vellum skins were cut to a required size and later, to the near perfect rectangle we now see.
The Gough Map is the descendant of a mapping tradition commenced by Greek mathematicians and then Librarians in Alexandria, which probably spurred one of Rome's greatest rulers, Julius Caesar, to instigate a survey of the Roman World.
Claudius Ptolemy was beneficiary of a large geographical/cosmographical treatise by Marinus of Tyre, who was no doubt the original recipient of the Roman survey information. He would also have had the words of Strabo who used the original text by Eratosthenes, to write his 'Geographia'.
The Roman Army surveyed Britannia and produced an accurate map, probably of the whole island as the Ptolemaic data indicates. The Ptolemaic construct of maps was transmitted back through the Roman governance system and in the latter days of the Empire accurate Roman maps were available. There were also diagrams such as the Tabula Peutingeriana, texts such as the Itinerarium Antonini and lists such as the Notitia Dignatum and latterly the Ravenna Cosmography (both internet available).
The monastic system preserved these texts and maps which led to a cosmographer being able to construct the forerunner of the Gough Map. This is a quite remarkable, original and accurate construct for the age. But should we be thanking the Romans?
At this point in the investigation it is possible to opine that the base map was copied from the Roman Survey of Britannia drawn to the parameters laid down by Claudius Ptolemy. But, that requires a paradigm shift in the perceived date for the data of Claudius Ptolemy to have been available in Britannia.
The original data is now probably lost due to the dissolution of the monasteries c1546AD, and unfortunately we do not have an extant Roman base map, thus we can only hypothesize.
Thus even after 200 years we see the same base map for England and Wales used, but, with a revised Scotland, thus producing a reasonably acceptable Britannia. If Scotland was revised, why was Wales not corrected to indicate the Lleyn Peninsula and Cardigan Bay? Was the base map purely a late Roman Map of England, with Wales and Scotland merely as indicative shapes? At this period in the occupation by Rome, there was little interest in Wales and none at all in the area north of the Hadrianic Wall. Was Wales never resurveyed prior to the sixteenth century such that it could be accurately drawn? Was Scotland resurveyed or did another early map appear in a monastery during King Henry VIII's problems with the Church, c1509-1547, thus allowing the anonymous manuscript map ANGLIAE FIGURA (c1534-1546)(map9A) and George Lily's map of c1546 to be quite plausible? The former is drawn on an 11:20 graticule of 500:275 stadia, as Ptolemaic maps. However the continental maps were exhibiting a map form akin to the early 11th century English maps.(map 9B).
For the better governance of the country, using data collected for the Domesday Survey, a picture of Britannia was required. This could be used to determine the simplest of data, the extent of the realm, and provide a tool for the future control of that realm. This would be a very potent tool for any King.
Did Edward 1st require an aggrandised Wales to be shown on the map to spin the case for War? Was the 1280AD map drawn to exaggerate the land available?
Having a copy of a Roman base map and the texts of "Cosmographers" found in the monasteries that had perhaps purchased them, or been fortunate enough to copy them for future profit, a group of monks/clerics collated and finally drew the forerunner to, and then the Gough Map. It is unlikely that this was in a northern monastery as they had been ransacked several times. Therefore it is the more likely the place is in the hinterland of England. Why not Wales? Would a Welsh cleric not know of the Lleyn Peninsula and Bardsey Island Monastery founded c516AD, and a place of pilgrimage. It is not on the Gough Map. But Wales was conquered by Edward 1st.
Thus we must look to a large English monastic establishment, or perhaps its equivalent, the University of Oxford, for the maps author, and in one which held a considerable library, and was in all probability generally untouched by the ravages of the wars plaguing Britannia. This search no doubt continues in academia.
M J Ferrar December 1992/2008.
31) Petuaria 20 40 56 40 Brough on H.
NOTE: The Poleis noted as corresponding to the GOUGH MAP towns are taken from the text "Claudius Ptolemy, Falsification, Regimentation or Symmetry", and were originally calculated to the co-ordinates derived from the Geographical Ptolemaic map, but are here quoted as direct readings from the graticule of the GOUGH MAP.
1) Millea Nick, (2008,) "The Gough Map: The Map of Great Britain circa AD1360".The Bodleian Library, Oxford. Copy of map on its website with an interlink to the research map at The Queen's University, Belfast.
The Mapping the Realm Website will be found at: www.qub.ac.uk/urban mapping/gough map, and is the research leader into the maps construct.
See Imago Mundi, Volume 61, issue 1, January 2009, pp1-28.
2) Birkholz, D. (2006) "The Gough Map Revisited: Thomas Butler's, The Mape oft Ynglound, c1547-1554. Imago Mundi, Vol 58, No1, Feb 2006, pp23-47.
3) Ferrar M J, (2005,) "The Venerable Bede and the Tabula Peutingeriana". The Cartographical Journal, vol. 42, No2, September 2005.
4) Rivet, ALF and Smith C, (1979), "The Place Names of Britain", B C A 1979 and 1981. Text includes Antonine Itinerary, Notitia Dignatum, etc.
6) Stevenson E L, (1932 & 1991) "Claudius Ptolemy, The Geography", New York. Caution is required with part of the translation.
7) Steers J A, (1964,) "The Coastline of England and Wales", 2nd Edition, C U P.
A full description, Cantref-Y-Gwaelod (p148) and Ptolemy's work (p109). The Roman coastline is discussed for many parts of Britannia.
8) Bede, "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", Penguin Classics, 1955/1990. See also The Lives of the Saints, Liber 2, chapter 15.
Bede, "The Lives of the Saints". Internet Latin version now available of text.
9) Letts, M, (1975), The Hereford Mappa mundi, The Cathedral Hereford.
10) Delano-Smith, C and Kain J P, (1999,) "English Maps A History", The British Library. Pages 40 and 41 set out the time scale for geographical knowledge and the section discusses the Gough map and its contemporaries.
11) The Almagest of Claudius Ptolemy.
12) Woodward, D, (1990), Roger Bacon's terrestrial co-ordinate system, Annal of the Association of American Geographers, 80, pp102-121.
13) Diodorus Siculus, "Historia", internet available, out of copyright.
Strabo, "The Geography", internet available, out of copyright.
16) Dilke O A W, (1971,) "The Roman Land Surveyors", David and Charles.
17) Harley J B, and Woodward D, (Eds.), (1987) "The History of Cartography", volume 1. University of Chicago. From antiquity to Roman Maps.
18) Wiseman T P, (1992,)," Julius Caesar and the Mappa Mundi", in "Talking to Virgil, a miscellany", Exeter Univ. Press. Pages 22-42.
20) Pliny the Elder, "Natural History", Penguin Books, London.
21) Sheppard Frere, (1967,) "Britannia", Routledge and Kegan Paul ltd.
The definitive written data on the Roman period of Britannia.
22) Cornelli Taciti,"De Vita Agricolae", (Eds.), Ogilvie and Richmond, 1967, Oxford. This contains a map list of the first Roman Forts and routes.
23) Ferrar M J and Richardson A, (2003) "The Roman Survey of Britain", B.A.R 359. Full details of the putative Survey, with maps and charts included.
24) The Projection of Ordnance Survey Maps, Chapter 2. Ordnance Survey.
26) Ferrar M J, (2007), "From the Dee/Humber to the Solway/Tyne". Paper placed on this website explaining the Roman Survey of northern England.
27) Ferrar M J, (2007), "Claudius Ptolemy (Britannia)", paper placed on this website to explain how the turning of Scotland was achieved and the co-ordinates calculated.


text:
7 There are 7 comments.
German (de)Schweiz-USA und die Steuerstreit-Saga: Wo stehen wir heute?
French (fr)Feuilleton fiscal Suisse-Etats-Unis: où en est-on?
Italian (it)Banche svizzere ed evasione fiscale USA: a che punto siamo?
Unfinished business Swiss-US tax evasion saga: where are we now?
By Matthew Allen
This content was published on January 28, 2016 4:04 PM Jan 28, 2016 - 16:04
US Attorney General Lynch still has Swiss banks in her sights
swissinfo.ch charts the evolution of the long-running tax dodging dispute between Switzerland and the United States and looks at how far there is still to go before the final curtain can be drawn on the affair.
The United States wound up its "Category 2" tax evasion programme on Wednesday, netting $1.36 billion (CHF1.38 billion) from 80 Swiss banks that admitted helping US citizens cheat the tax man.
Let's rewind to start with. How did the Swiss-US tax evasion row start?
The US had long suspected Swiss banks of harbouring US tax cheats (as did other countries). But Swiss banking secrecy made this impossible to prove.
That changed when former UBS employee Bradley Birkenfeld came to the Department of Justice (DoJ) with strong documentary evidence in 2007. The following year, the DoJ opened criminal proceedings against UBS and secured a $780 million fine in 2009.
However, other Swiss banks sensed an opportunity. They figured that because they did not operate on US soil they could get away with poaching UBS's US tax cheats. The DoJ responded by indicting more Swiss banks, including the country's oldest private bank Wegelin, which had to break up in 2012 before being convicted a year later.
So what exactly is Category 2?
There are actually four categories in the DoJ Swiss Bank Program. Category 2 refers to those banks - either Swiss or foreign institutions with a Swiss office – that held accounts belonging to US tax cheats.
The Swiss Bank Programexternal link was agreed in August, 2013, following intense diplomatic negotiations between the two countries. It was designed to allow those banks that were not already under active criminal investigation to own up to their offences and avoid potentially ruinous US courts cases. In essence, it was a diplomatic plea bargain compromise to stave off the threat of another Wegelin.
The scheme focused on US accounts held from August 1, 2008. After this date, banks would reasonably be expected to know the US stance on tax evasion following the criminal action begun against UBS. Any bank that retained US tax dodgers after this date, or worse still, poached accounts from other banks, could expect the DoJ to take action.
Category 1 banks were those under active prosecution before the deal was signed (more on that later). Category 3 banks declared that while they held US accounts, they were satisfied that they were tax compliant. Category 4 was reserved for Swiss banks with no US involvement.
A total bill of $1.36 billion. Does that make Category 2 a success?
It depends on how you look at it. The DoJ has certainly trumpeted the result as a resounding success. It has also secured $8 billion in backdated taxes and fines from Swiss bank clients and has enough documentary evidence to pursue lawyers and other facilitators.
The following content is sourced from external partners. We cannot guarantee that it is suitable for the visually or hearing impaired.
The Bloomberg news agency has calculated that collectively the Category 2 banks held some $50 billion in US assets in 35,096 accounts between 2008 and 2013. The penalties equate to 2.7% of those assets. There may be people on the US side who see that as a poor return.
BSI private bank paid the biggest individual fine ($211 million) with the average fine standing at $17 million. In addition, banks have had to pay millions to lawyers and accountants to comply with the programme.
But numbers alone do not tell the whole story. The DoJ also published lurid details of banking activities with each agreement. These included the opening of sham companies and trusts to hide identities and bank staff secretly handing over cash and gold bullion to clients. This is bound to have an adverse impact on the reputation of these institutions.
To plead or not Banks agonise over US tax evasion 'guilt'
Swiss banks are engaging in a game of cat-and-mouse by positioning themselves to the best advantage in a United States tax evasion scheme that ...
German (de)Banken ringen mit "Schuldfrage" bei US-Steuerflucht
Spanish (es)La banca aún paga por sus antiguos pecados fiscales
French (fr)La valse-hésitation des banques suisses aux Etats-Unis
Italian (it)Accordo con gli USA: gli equilibrismi delle banche
Finally, the Swiss Bank Program played a part in dismantling Swiss banking secrecy. From July 1, 2014, Swiss banks have been forced to tell the US authorities about every US citizen that opens an account with them.
That's that?
Not so fast. We still have to deal with categories 1, 3 and 4. By definition, those 26 banks enrolled in the latter two categories have done nothing wrong. But several of the 106 banks that initially registered in the Swiss Bank Program by the end of 2013 later changed their status. That means that some banks changed their status from Category 2 to the less onerous 3 or 4.
That's fine as long as the US agrees. But there could potentially be trouble for any bank that wrongly registered as 3 or 4, according to the DoJ definition of guilt.
And 11 Category 1 banks remain under active criminal investigation (two of which have folded). To recap, Category 1 are those banks that were under investigation before the Swiss Bank Program was agreed and so could not register under Category 2.
Here, the fines could be more spectacular. Credit Suisse was forced to pay out combined fines of $2.8 billion in 2014, but it was the largest bank under investigation and had not cooperated as fully as the DoJ wanted.
Earlier this month, Julius Bär said it had put aside some $550 million to settle its case and it is the largest remaining Category 1 bank. But we won't know the full damage until the cases are completed, probably at some point this year.
Financial place
There are 7 comments.
Swiss-US tax evasion saga: where are we now? Matthew Allen Jan 28, 2016 - 16:04 swissinfo.ch charts the evolution of the long-running tax dodging dispute between Switzerland and the United States and looks at how far there is still to go before the final curtain can be drawn on the affair. The United States wound up its "Category 2" tax evasion programme on Wednesday, netting $1.36 billion (CHF1.38 billion) from 80 Swiss banks that admitted helping US citizens cheat the tax man. Let's rewind to start with. How did the Swiss-US tax evasion row start? The US had long suspected Swiss banks of harbouring US tax cheats (as did other countries). But Swiss banking secrecy made this impossible to prove. That changed when former UBS employee Bradley Birkenfeld came to the Department of Justice (DoJ) with strong documentary evidence in 2007. The following year, the DoJ opened criminal proceedings against UBS and secured a $780 million fine in 2009. However, other Swiss banks sensed an opportunity. They figured that because they did not operate on US soil they could get away with poaching UBS's US tax cheats. The DoJ responded by indicting more Swiss banks, including the country's oldest private bank Wegelin, which had to break up in 2012 before being convicted a year later. So what exactly is Category 2? There are actually four categories in the DoJ Swiss Bank Program. Category 2 refers to those banks - either Swiss or foreign institutions with a Swiss office – that held accounts belonging to US tax cheats. The Swiss Bank Program was agreed in August, 2013, following intense diplomatic negotiations between the two countries. It was designed to allow those banks that were not already under active criminal investigation to own up to their offences and avoid potentially ruinous US courts cases. In essence, it was a diplomatic plea bargain compromise to stave off the threat of another Wegelin. The scheme focused on US accounts held from August 1, 2008. After this date, banks would reasonably be expected to know the US stance on tax evasion following the criminal action begun against UBS. Any bank that retained US tax dodgers after this date, or worse still, poached accounts from other banks, could expect the DoJ to take action. Category 1 banks were those under active prosecution before the deal was signed (more on that later). Category 3 banks declared that while they held US accounts, they were satisfied that they were tax compliant. Category 4 was reserved for Swiss banks with no US involvement. A total bill of $1.36 billion. Does that make Category 2 a success? It depends on how you look at it. The DoJ has certainly trumpeted the result as a resounding success. It has also secured $8 billion in backdated taxes and fines from Swiss bank clients and has enough documentary evidence to pursue lawyers and other facilitators. The Bloomberg news agency has calculated that collectively the Category 2 banks held some $50 billion in US assets in 35,096 accounts between 2008 and 2013. The penalties equate to 2.7% of those assets. There may be people on the US side who see that as a poor return. BSI private bank paid the biggest individual fine ($211 million) with the average fine standing at $17 million. In addition, banks have had to pay millions to lawyers and accountants to comply with the programme. But numbers alone do not tell the whole story. The DoJ also published lurid details of banking activities with each agreement. These included the opening of sham companies and trusts to hide identities and bank staff secretly handing over cash and gold bullion to clients. This is bound to have an adverse impact on the reputation of these institutions. Finally, the Swiss Bank Program played a part in dismantling Swiss banking secrecy. From July 1, 2014, Swiss banks have been forced to tell the US authorities about every US citizen that opens an account with them. That's that? Not so fast. We still have to deal with categories 1, 3 and 4. By definition, those 26 banks enrolled in the latter two categories have done nothing wrong. But several of the 106 banks that initially registered in the Swiss Bank Program by the end of 2013 later changed their status. That means that some banks changed their status from Category 2 to the less onerous 3 or 4. That's fine as long as the US agrees. But there could potentially be trouble for any bank that wrongly registered as 3 or 4, according to the DoJ definition of guilt. And 11 Category 1 banks remain under active criminal investigation (two of which have folded). To recap, Category 1 are those banks that were under investigation before the Swiss Bank Program was agreed and so could not register under Category 2. Here, the fines could be more spectacular. Credit Suisse was forced to pay out combined fines of $2.8 billion in 2014, but it was the largest bank under investigation and had not cooperated as fully as the DoJ wanted. Earlier this month, Julius Bär said it had put aside some $550 million to settle its case and it is the largest remaining Category 1 bank. But we won't know the full damage until the cases are completed, probably at some point this year.
US Tax evasion 'Category 2' Swiss banks handed $1.36bn final bill
Eighty Swiss banks have shelled out a grand total of $1.36 billion (CHF1.38 billion) to the United States on the conclusion of a non-prosecution ...
Bank prosecuted Credit Suisse admits US tax evasion guilt
Switzerland's second largest bank, Credit Suisse, has been fined more than $2.6 billion (CHF2.3 billion) after pleading guilty to criminal charges ...
US legislation Swiss banks to tell all under FATCA
The American FATCA legislation comes into effect on July 1. The world's banks will be required to supply Washington with regular updates on ...
By Armando Mombelli
1 These is one comment.
Widmer-Schlumpf The minister who dismantled Swiss banking secrecy
Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf was obliged to dismantle banking secrecy during her watch as Swiss Finance Minister.


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The 5 Best New Netflix Movies Streaming This November
Jessica ToomerTwitterContributor
Still not ready to head back to the movie theaters?
Then you'll want to check out the roster of original movies Netflix has drafted this month. Idris Elba and Jonathan Majors duking it out in a stylish new Western, Ruth Negga and Tessa Thompson starring in a black-and-white drama, and Lin-Manuel Miranda directing Andrew Garfield in a moving musical biopic — really, there's something for everyone on the movie side of things this month.
Here are five of the best Netflix original films streaming this November.
The Harder They Fall (streaming 11/3)
Idris Elba, Jonathan Majors, Regina King, Zazie Beetz, and LaKeith Stanfield star in this slick, stylish Western from relative newcomer Jeymes Samuel. Majors plays a vengeful outlaw who decides to track down his longtime enemy (Elba) when he learns he's been busted out of prison. The two men assemble their respective gangs for a dusty, lawless cat-and-mouse game set to a soundtrack from Jay-Z.
Passing (streaming 11/10)
Rebecca Hall serves as write and director on this moving black-and-white adaptation of a Nella Larsen novel. Tessa Thompson plays Irene, a young biracial woman living in Harlem in the 1920s. She reunites with her childhood friend Claire (Ruth Negga), also a biracial woman who has been "passing" as a white woman for years. The two strike up a complicated relationship as both are fascinated by the life the other lives.
Red Notice (streaming 11/12)
Ryan Reynolds and Dwayne Johnson team up for this action-packed crime caper that's purported to be the most expensive movie Netflix has ever made. Reynolds plays a snarky con-man, Johnson a no-nonsense Interpol agent. The pair must work together to track down the world's greatest art thief (a deliciously bad Gal Gadot) who has her eye on a new mark.
tick, tick … BOOM! (streaming 11/19)
Lin-Manuel Miranda directs this musical drama starring Andrew Garfield as Jonathan Larson, the iconic Broadway mastermind behind Rent. The film recounts Larson's humble beginnings and his long, troubled process as he created one of the most recognized stage works of all time.
Bruised (streaming 11/24)
Halle Berry directs and stars in this sports drama that's got some major Rocky vibes. Berry plays a once-great MMA fighter whose career has seen better days. After her young son comes to live with her, she mounts an epic comeback in the ring, fighting against her own demons as well as her opponents to cement her legacy and achieve a better life for her family.
Topics: #Netflix, #What To WatchTags: NETFLIX, red notice, the harder they fall, what to watch


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Inside the E-Sports Industry
Look Inside Competitive gaming starts with great games, but that's just one small part of the E-Sports industry. Professional leagues, rules and regulations, advertising, and media rights are other aspects of this growing global business. They help take video games out of the rec room and into the board room.
Video games aren't just a hobby anymore. E-Sports is on the rise and reaching people of all ages. This series looks at 4 facets of competitive video gaming: the industry, the careers, the game development, and the competition. Each book contains fast facts and in-depth sidebars, plus a glossary, an index, and places to go for more information. E-Sports: Game On! is a great mix of high-interest content with STEM connections.
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E-Sports: Game On!
Carla Mooney
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The popularity of e-sports is on the rise. Professional Gaming Careers is full of advice from professional gamers, including required training time to develop mastery of each game, care of injuries sustained while playing, and how to make money through tournaments, streaming, and sponsorships. Carrying on from there, E-Sports Competitions provides a deeper understanding of the equipment and training required to become a top gamer. Inside the E-Sports Industry and E-Sports Game Design chronicle the history of the gaming described, along with the process of game development from concept to completion. Readers who are interested in making gaming a career will get plenty of insight into how teams are developed, how gamers make and keep an audience of fans, and the reaction time and reflexes they must develop to excel in the various styles, including multiplayer online battle arena, first-person shooter, and real-time strategy games. While the writing itself is not super exciting, readers who seek these books will be pleased nonetheless. VERDICT Bound to be popular wherever games like Minecraft are in demand.
Series Made Simple/School Library Journal, November 2017
Informative and interesting view of the e-sports industry. I never knew much about this until my teenagers started telling me more about the phenomenon of e-sports and how it has started to be recognized and respected as a "real" sport. It is beyond simply playing video games on your couch. With the advent of EVO (Evolution Championship Series) drawing large crowds and even being televised on ESPN, this industry has exploded into mainstream consciousness. This book describes well this phenomenon and what/who are behind it. I found it also a great beginner guide for young people who might be considering a career in making video games or related computer sciences. NetGalley, February 2018
Evidently making money playing video games is nothing new however, it is now becoming big business and something you can now major in at some colleges. This book is a great introduction to E-Sports, how far its come and a look into the future. Very informative! 4/5 stars
NetGalley, July 2017
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