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Nature center set for region by Laurinda Joenks | March 24, 2019 at 1:00 a.m.
Arkansas Game and Fish Commission's Nature and Education Center is being built on 40th Street in Springdale. "It will have some really high-tech, interactive exhibits," said Eric Maynard, assistant chief of education, who oversees the agency's nature centers.
SPRINGDALE — A stream to walk and splash in. An up-close look at a hibernating bear in its den. The feeling of a "nibble" on the end of a fishing line.
Visitors will be able to experience these and more moments when the state Game and Fish Commission opens its Northwest Arkansas Nature and Education Center next year on North 40th Street in Springdale.
"It will have some really high-tech, interactive exhibits," said Eric Maynard, assistant chief of education, who oversees the agency's nature centers. "But it will also have some really low-tech features, such as asking a question and you lift the door to see the answer. And some 'touchy-feely' parts, too."
Construction is moving slowly because of recent rain, but city crews are installing water and sewer lines, Maynard said. The 27,000-square-foot nature center will include an exhibit hall, a theater, classroom and meeting space, administrative offices, and an archery range and maintenance building.
Most of the exhibits have been designed and constructed, but the exhibit hall must be built, Maynard said.
For example, the education center will include a cave display to teach about the karst limestone that lies below the surface of Northwest Arkansas.
The hibernating bear will be in a constructed cave, he said.
"And if you want to, and if you're able, you can get on the floor and crawl into the cave to get a closer look at the bear inside."
The Game and Fish Commission oversees the protection, conservation and preservation of various species of fish and wildlife in Arkansas, according to its website. But most people probably recognize the agency for its role of issuing hunting and fishing licenses and enforcing laws related to those pastimes.
The education center will include an exhibit on hunting and fishing — and their unique terminologies. In another program, the agency supplies poles, bait and an educator for fishing experiences with children.
"Kids never fish anymore," Maynard said. "And they don't understand when you ask them, 'Did you get a nibble?'
"They're like, 'What? Did you bring snacks?'"
This exhibit will allow first-time fishermen to understand what it feels like when a bobber goes up and down in the water.
The commission operates eight other education centers throughout the state. Each focuses on the wildlife of the region it serves from the urban habitats in Little Rock to elk education in Ponca.
Northwest Arkansas' center will focus on the Ozark plateau, including the types of birds and trees found here. The exhibits also will highlight ways for residents to enjoy nature, from hunting and fishing to bird watching and canoeing.
The agency puts a big focus on protecting quail and its habitat in Northwest Arkansas, Maynard said. Many of the region's pastures have been cleared of natural grasses and replaced with fescue for feeding cattle. Quail prefer big, bunched grasses that provide seed, protection and pathways for them to wander, he said.
The new education center will include 6- to 8-foot fabricated grass bunches placed in a maze, so visitors can see from the vantage of the quail. It also includes a wall of fescue grass that can't be breached, he said.
"You can do everything you want to protect wildlife, but if you're not protecting and taking care of the habitats, you won't have the wildlife," Maynard said. "Plus, protecting a certain habitat also protects the habitats for frogs, lizards and hummingbirds."
The center also will include an aquarium and a display area for live animals such as snakes, turtles and frogs.
The commission budgeted just under $14 million to build the Northwest Arkansas education center, Maynard said.
The foundation supporting the commission raised money, and the agency received federal and local grants and private donations. Johnelle Hunt provided a $5 million matching grant.
The center will be supported by fees paid for hunting and fishing licenses and a sales tax passed by Arkansas voters in 1996, Maynard said. The tax dedicates one-eighth of 1 percent of the state's general sales tax for conservation. The commission gets 45 percent of that amount. Arkansas State Parks, the Arkansas Heritage Commission and the Keep Arkansas Beautiful Commission also benefit from the tax, according to information on the agency's website.
Springdale and the Spring-dale Water and Sewer Commission donated two parcels of land for the development of the center in the western part of the city, Mayor Doug Sprouse said.
The City Council also appropriated money from its 2018 bond fund to improve 40th Street leading to the center and extending Spring Creek Trail to the center. Both projects are in the design stage, Sprouse said.
Cyclists and walkers follow Spring Creek through downtown Springdale as a part of the Razorback Green-way. The extension trail will connect the education center to the Greenway.
Maynard sees the education center as a stopping point for cyclists.
"They can stop and see some of the exhibits, use the bathroom, get a drink of water, and get back on their bikes and go on off," he said.
The commission also will develop the 63 acres surrounding the education center with its own trails. The center will sit on about one-third of the site.
"It's a great draw to the city," Sprouse said. "But more than that, it's just an important educational venue for students not only in Springdale — which is the state's largest school district — but for students from all over Northwest Arkansas."
Jen Levy, executive director of the Association of Nature Center Administrators in Logan, Utah, said nature centers connect people with nature.
"The best nature centers serve their local communities," she said. "It could be a more urban center that covers a block or maybe a few miles or an underserved population to the west. They might focus differently on school groups, multigenerational family activities or adult education."
The association counts representatives of 350 organizations in its U.S. membership, Levy said. Organizations in China and other nations also joined the group looking to U.S. facilities as models.
Northwest Arkansas can boast of other programs educating students about the natural world: Hobbs State Park-Conservation Area, Ozark Natural Science Center and the Lake Fayetteville Environmental Center, which is operated cooperatively by the Springdale and Fayetteville school districts.
"Nature has the power to make children healthier, happier and smarter," reads the website of the Children in Nature Network, recommended by Levy. "But over the last few generations, childhood has moved indoors, leaving kids disconnected from the natural world. This worldwide trend has profound implications for children's healthy development—and the future of our planet."
Research shows time spent in nature can benefit children's health, education and relationships, said the organization that seeks to provide opportunities to get children in nature.
And nature center programs for preschoolers is a growing trend, Levy said.
Marcia Smith, associate superintendent for Springdale School District, noted enrichment lessons at the environmental center are limited by the facility's capacity. Currently, the center works only with students in fifth grade and junior high school and high school biology classes.
The district hopes students in other grades can be served by the Game and Fish center.
"It opens up additional opportunities for us," she said. She explained principals will start to outline student field trips and find where those experiences fit best into their curriculum.
The Northwest Arkansas center also will include indoor and three-dimensional outdoor archery ranges capable of hosting archery tournaments.
The agency sponsors the National Association of Archery in Schools, with about half of the schools in the state participating, Maynard said. The recent state archery competition hosted about 1,800 young archers, representing 50,000 to 60,000 others around the state.
"It's so easy for schools to get into archery," Maynard said. "You don't have to build a football field."
Money from grants supplies archery equipment to schools.
"And you don't have to be the tallest or the strongest or the fastest kid," he said.
Arkansas Game & Fish education centers
Gov. Mike Huckabee Delta Rivers Nature Center, Pine Bluff
Forrest L. Wood Crowley's Ridge Nature Center, Jonesboro
Janet Huckabee Arkansas River Valley Nature Center, Fort Smith
Witt Stephens Jr. Central Arkansas Nature Center, Little Rock
Northwest Arkansas Nature Center, Springdale
Fred Berry on Crooked Creek, Yellville
Rick Evans Grandview Prairie, Columbus
Ponca Elk Education Center, Ponca
Potlatch at Cook's Lake, Casscoe
Source: Staff report Nature time
Research increasingly shows that time spent in nature can provide children with many benefits, according to the website of the Children in Nature Network, based in Minneapolis.
Health: Time outdoors can improve physical and mental health; increase levels of physical activity; and reduce symptoms of stress, attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders.
Education: Learning in natural environments can boost performance in reading, writing, math, science and social studies — and enhance creative expression, problem solving and executive function.
Relationships: Through unstructured outdoor play, children develop social-emotional skills needed for life and build memorable experiences with friends and family.
Source: Staff report
Laurinda Joenks can be reached by email at joenks@nwadg.com or on Twitter @NWALaurinda.


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text:
package org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.config;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.http.RestTemplateDiscoveryClientOptionalArgs;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.sample.EurekaSampleApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.test.ClassPathExclusions;
import org.springframework.cloud.test.ModifiedClassPathRunner;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/**
 * @author Daniel Lavoie
 */
@RunWith(ModifiedClassPathRunner.class)
@ClassPathExclusions({ "jersey-client-*", "jersey-core-*", "jersey-apache-client4-*" })
@SpringBootTest(classes = EurekaSampleApplication.class,
		webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class RestTemplateOptionalArgsConfigurationTest {

	@Test
	public void contextLoads() {
		try (ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder()
				.web(WebApplicationType.NONE).sources(EurekaSampleApplication.class)
				.run()) {
			assertThat(context.getBean(RestTemplateDiscoveryClientOptionalArgs.class))
					.isNotNull();
		}
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Between the Grooves: Nine Inch Nails - 'Broken'
AJ Ramirez
Nine Inch Nails' 1992 EP is half an hour of visceral, undiluted anger delivered through muscular, caustic guitars and Trent Reznor's anguished screams. It's concise, focused, and arguably the pinnacle of Nine Inch Nails' discography.
Nothing / TVT / Interscope
Trent Reznor: industrial auteur, Generation X icon, Grammy Award winner, lavishly-praised film composer. When Reznor was toiling late nights to piece together the first Nine Inch Nails album Pretty Hate Machine (1989), did he ever conceive that the angst-laden electronic/rock hybrid he was fashioning would immortalize him so? Whether he had or not, any dissection of a career that now spans a quarter of a century will surely confirm that the man has thoroughly earned it.
Through the popular music lens that typically views artists' output in terms of albums and singles, Nine Inch Nails' story starts with Pretty Hate Machine and them jumps five years later to The Downward Spiral (1994), Reznor's ambitious magnum opus. Or to put it another way, the story moves from "Head Like a Hole" to "Closer" and "Hurt", with little elaboration between. However, such a bare-bone narrative of the NIN story leaves out an essential chapter, one that's easy for the uninformed skip over in the CD racks due to its slight six-item tracklist and therefore perceived inferior content-to-price value quotient.
Devout Reznor disciples know the truth. That orange square in question, the 1992 Broken EP, is an important -- indeed, pivotal -- entry in the Nine Inch Nails catalog. As a result of years on the road smarting at a bad record contract whilst building a fearsome live reputation by adding full rock band backing to Reznor's one-man studio concoctions, Broken progressed beyond Pretty Hate Machine and its usage of electric guitar as a sparsely-applied texture to armor itself in layers of Marshall amplifiers and distortion.
Whereas Pretty Hate Machine was a synthesizer-dominated industrial dance record that on occasion slipped under the alternative rock banner, Broken was a blisteringly loud rock revelation, with its brisk blast beats and aggressive riffing bringing it to the outskirts of heavy metal territory. Despite a few fleeting moments of respite, Reznor by his own admission constructed the EP to function as one sustained blast of earth-scorching anger, a function it impressively fulfills. When it was released in 1992, Broken topped out on the Billboard charts at an impressive number seven, and would later earn a Grammy for the single "Wish".
Heavy Metal Guitarist by The Digital Artist (Pixabay License / Pixabay)
Broken was not only an important evolutionary step between those first two NIN LPs, by virtue of its quality and design it is the most concise, focused, and (it can be strongly argued) all-around best Nine Inch Nails record ever released. By additional virtue of those merits, it is also quite possibly the greatest recording ever issued in extended play form. That's a bold statement regarding a half-ignored stepchild of a recording format that nevertheless has been host to classic material from artists as diverse as the Beatles, Black Flag, and Alice in Chains.
Yet give Broken a listen (one uninterrupted session is the optimal experience) and as Reznor and his cacophony of guitars, drums, electronics, and screams claws desperately at your ears, try to take note of the artistry involved in creating such tormented sounds, and you might be swayed. Reznor and Nine Inch Nails are successful and revered because of the former's talent as a composer and an arranger, his vision and capability as a producer and electronic gearhead, and the captivating allure of his anguished voice, the crucial humanizing element often howling in the middle of the brutal machine he has concocted.
All these qualities are found on Broken, amped up, maxed out, and streamlined to perfection, yet nevertheless more nuanced than they appear. There is no wasted space on the record -- even the interstitial instrumental pieces and the 91 tracks of dead silence that obscure its two unlisted bonus cuts have their carefully considered purposes.
Like Broken itself, this Between the Grooves series examining the EP will speed by quickly. The first installment covering "Pinion" and "Wish" will follow tomorrow, and for the next few weeks leading until the end of the year Sound Affects will tackle the remainder the record song by bruising song, bonus tracks included. As much as Reznor relishes working on grand canvases, be they The Downward Spiral or the double-disc The Fragile or the Social Network film soundtrack with Atticus Ross, the bite-sized Broken may very well be the ultimate distillation of his virtues. Within the restrictive confines of the EP format, Reznor let loose in ruthless fashion, and in the process crafted the music that ultimately formed the foundation on which his reputation now resides.
1. "Pinion" (instrumental)
Even working within the constraints of the EP format's short runtime, Trent Reznor takes pains to open Broken with a sense of occasion. The first track is "Pinion", a scant one minute and three seconds of an ascending guitar pattern gradually increasing in volume. When described that way, it doesn't sound very exciting. That's because "Pinion" is meant to be listened to, preferably with headphones on to appreciate the ambient noises that are also percolating in the background, slowly building up body and dread. The guitars are heavily processed and most likely sampled. Note the disjointed quality of the chords, which is audible evidence of digital cut-and-pasting.
Knowing Reznor, the stilted and artificial quality of the guitar pattern is deliberate. "Pinion" is a mood-setter, and what it is setting up is squirming, uncomfortable tension. "Pinion" also plays a cruelly clever volume trick. It starts stupidly quiet and increases in loudness both gradually and in great fits, which surely vexes any listeners trying to settle on a comfortable setting on the volume knob throughout its duration. In the track's final seconds, the guitars attain peak loudness, with all other previously present sounds silenced by the magnitude of their presence. Though nothing harmonically has changed, the dynamic contrast is startling; if Broken hadn't garner your attention in the preceding minute, it has now.
2. "Wish"
As suddenly as the flick of a switch, "Pinion" cuts out, and the volume shrinks back down, and the former's guitar motif is seamlessly replaced with a stop-start mechanical hum and drum pattern with a noticeably high BPM number. It's time for "Wish", one of the EP's singles, as well as one of its standouts. Even divorced from "Pinion", "Wish" takes pent-up tension and vents it in searing micro-outbursts with machine-like precision. It's fitting that its music video features Reznor and his backing band being swarmed by an unruly mob of humanity barely contained by metal bars.
Reznor could have made "Wish" into an all-out assault (certainly, its most aggressive moments are so forceful they are almost physically absorbed), but instead, he used his skills as an arranger to thread interesting details and clever touches throughout. The music drops out for a beat at key moments when Reznor wants to emphasize something (such as a transition or a particular obscenity), instruments come and go when needed for texture (note Martin Atkins' live drums in the second verse). The song shifts into half-time for part of its choruses to lend the sections' crushing heaviness extra wallop.
"This is the first day / Of my last days." Trent Reznor's first words on Broken are immediately answered by a fit of loud, gurgling guitars. If Nine Inch Nails fans back in 1992 had not had a chance to see the act live yet, they were in for a rude surprise if they were expecting a retread of Pretty Hate Machine's synth-dominated approach. The label "alternative metal" was only beginning to be thrown around back then, but the thrashing power chord riffs and pummeling drums of "Wish" placed it comfortably under that heading. Reznor utters only his first couplet with any sense of restraint; from then on, he screams his self-flagellating lyrics with all the bile he can muster.
Surely, "Wish" is one of the virulent expressions of guilt and self-loathing ever to be committed to tape. "I put my faith in God / And my trust in you / Now there's nothing more fucked up I can do", "I'm the one without a soul / I'm the one with this big fucking hole", "You know me, I hate everyone" -- If you couldn't tell, Trent is a tad upset at letting someone down. Looking at the lyrics to "Wish" (or most any Nine Inch Nails song, it must be said), it might be tempting to view Reznor's words as overwrought adolescent angst. Yet placed within the context of the music, they take on an undeniable power; nothing else could hold its own amongst the onslaught he has constructed. The song concludes with his screaming being overwhelmed by additional layers of raging guitars, which then abruptly cut out; all that remains in their wake is static-y ambience for the track's final seconds.
"Wish" is ugly, brutal, confessional, and confrontational -- and it's brilliant at it. The song earned Reznor his first Grammy Award in 1993 for Best Metal Performance. Though Reznor has been dismissive about the accolade -- judging by some remarks, he considers the choice of category he was honored in idiotic -- it's actually well-earned. "Wish" inaugurated Nine Inch Nails' recorded debut as a full-on, heavy-and-hard rock outfit with unnerving intensity and potency. After hearing "Wish", a generation of hard rockers (fans and musicians alike) still coming to grips with grunge's ascendancy immediately saw the light and knew that the ante has just been raised.
3. "Last"
The drifting ambiance that fills out the closing seconds of "Wish" is a brief respite before the Broken EP continues with its rage-fuelled march with "Last". Take heed and prepare yourself before pressing the "Play" button: "Last" is loud. A seemingly impossibly huge wall of guitars slams against the ears when the song starts and the onslaught scarcely relents until the track finishes.
Unlike the steady, speedy pulse of "Wish", "Last" is a lumbering leviathan. Its thick, chugging riffage and its comparatively more organic gait (funny considering "Wish" used a human drummer and "Last" doesn't) make it the most overtly heavy metal-sounding track on the record, spiritually closer to Black Sabbath than to Skinny Puppy. Given Trent Reznor's experiences touring with an aggressive backing band in the years prior, it's a logical realization of that aesthetic in studio form.
Given the rise of loud guitar bands indebted to the doom-and-dread aspect of metal's legacy in the years between Pretty Hate Machine and Broken, it was fortuitously canny. One especially laudable instance of the song's metallic flavor is the short lead guitar line that appears after the first chorus's end. It's a tastefully restrained part that nevertheless commands attention; in the context of "Last's" dense roar, it comes across as the herald of the end of days.
The entire song has an apocalyptic air about it. Only three songs into Broken, "Last" is already trying to tear everything down and burn the remains. "Gave up trying to figure it out / My head got lost along the way" are the very first lines Trent Reznor sings, and his words from then on continue to drip with failure and resentment. Yet even as Reznor attempts to write off any glimmers of salvation ("Fresh blood through tired skin / New sweat to drown me in / Dress up this rotten carcass just to make it look alive," he snidely remarks in the second verse), the choruses ("Come come come on / You gotta fix me up") find him betraying himself in feeble, desperate calls for help.
Ultimately the only relief to be found in "Last" is in debauchery and masochistic punishment, with any hope of a future sacrificed to the certainty of the present moment. "This isn't meant to last / This for right now," Reznor sings in the song's later stages, the last words stressed more as a means to impress some order on a chaotic world that has let him down (and vice versa) than as a statement of fact.
4. "Help Me I Am in Hell" (instrumental)
Following "Last" comes another short instrumental track. In this case, it's "Help Me I Am in Hell", which falls just under the two-minute mark. While "Wish" and "Last" arm themselves with anger and volume, this track opts to unnerve with the atmosphere. Its most prominent element is a clipped guitar motif slowly played in a palm-muted fashion. The effect it creates is that of an understated dread crawling insect-like into the listener's presence (a similar sensibility is conveyed by its unsettling music video).
Like "Pinion", there is plenty of textural ear candy percolating in the background. Listen to "Help Me I Am in Hell" a few times with headphones on to truly appreciate the details composer/instrumentalist/producer Reznor plays around with in this short span. At this point, it's worthwhile to point out that the CD case includes the helpful note "not for use with mono devices". Unlike "Pinion", no final release is afforded. That task is left to the next track on Broken, the punishing (and Grammy-winning, after a fashion) "Happiness in Slavery".
5. "Happiness in Slavery"
"Slave screams!" As with "Last", the fifth (officially listed) track on Broken goes straight for the jugular. A dense cacophony of earth-shuddering rhythms, scything guitar and keyboards, and savage screams, "Happiness in Slavery" is tied with "Wish" for the title of the EP's standout song and is probably its most recognizable.
Of all the tracks from Broken, "Happiness in Slavery" is the one most directly descended from the first Nine Inch Nails album, Pretty Hate Machine. Discount the aggro guitars (harsher and turned up way louder than they ever would have been on Pretty Hate Machine), and this sadomasochist industrial dance number would fit comfortably against like-minded peers from that record, "Terrible Lie" and "Sin". Yet comparing those cuts clarifies how much NIN's Trent Reznor had evolved as a musician between 1989 and 1992. As great as those tracks are, they sound like warm-ups compared to the fully-realized vision of this number, where the ante has been upped considerably.
For those who want to place Nine Inch Nails in the lurid lineage of shock-rock, "Happiness in Slavery" makes the case all on its own. NIN certainly never shied from pushing the buttons of America's stodgier sectors, not to mention the direct link from the band to Marilyn Manson. Yet whether they are titillating or off-putting to listeners, the song's overbearing attack and taboo-tweaking lyrical matter (and even its danceable nature) are not why the track warrants attention.
Rather, it is deserving of praise and recognition because it summarizes Trent Reznor's capabilities as a producer up to that point. While co-producer Flood pitches in on the EP's other proper songs, "Happiness in Slavery" is Reznor's showcase alone. Reznor gathers up all the tricks he has amassed in his career so far -- transgressive first-wave industrial confrontationalism, second-wave industrial dancefloor inclinations, and insistent riffs, cutting-edge musical textures, self-loathing lyrics, a knack for hooks -- and arranges them meticulously to assemble his mechanical monster of a song.
The main rhythm of "Happiness in Slavery" is enough to shock the system. The hits of the drum pattern backbeat are akin to contained explosions, with nuances in texture separating them into the roles normally assigned to the bass drum and snare on a drum kit. Reznor's alternating cries of "Slave screams!" and his static-shrouded callback lines blend in with the rhythm to form an impregnable gestalt of noise. Come the pre-choruses, a snarling bass pattern intrudes. The bassline acts as a way to balance our and subvert (pervert, even) the honeyed melodicism with which Reznor sings, "Don't open your eyes / You won't like what you see / The devils of truth steal the souls of the free."
A similar contrast occurs in the choruses, where mega-heavy guitars churn alongside a whiny synth melody and Reznor's half-exhausted/half-relieved utterances of the song's title. The second verse isn't a mere reprise of the first; rather, spiraling guitar riffs coupled with his increasingly desperate screams convey the sensation that Reznor has cranked up the power on his musical torture machine to an alarming level.
The song's extended bridge section acts as a demonstration of various percussive textures. Keyboards, drum patterns, even Reznor's voice -- they all become pumping pistons tasked with crushing all resistance. Whether intentional or not, a precedent is audible in the metal-clanging bridge to Depeche Mode's "Master and Servant", a song which shares similar lyrical fascinations. Following the briefest of relieving pauses, that gnarly bassline and mocking feedback snap the song back to attention for a wordless final pre-chorus. By this late stage, the song essentially succumbs to its chorus, which it wallows in for over a minute until bit by bit individual elements are removed, leaving an isolated and dehumanized Reznor to whisper, "It controls you."
Though Broken hit the Billboard Top 10, radio wasn't quite ready for "Happiness in Slavery". Music television certainly wasn't -- MTV understandably banned the song's graphic video, which depicts a man being dismembered by a torture machine. Said unavailable video was included in the 1993 Broken companion film -- also never officially released due to graphic content. It's perverse then that the band's performance of the song at its legendary mud-soaked Woodstock '94 set was what earned it its second Grammy Award in 1995.
At that point, The Downward Spiral had cemented Reznor as a marquee-level rock star. The similarly seedy (albeit less confrontational and more easily censored) "Closer" had dented radio and MTV, so while "Happiness in Slavery" was not (and will never be) everyone's idea of a pleasant listen, the barriers to entry had been made a little less daunting. Still, all those middle-aged hippies at Woodstock '94 must've wondered if the festival planners were playing some cruel joke on them as that song blared out from the stage.
6. "Gave Up"
"Gave Up" is the final listed track on Broken, and in that position, it's well-placed to serve as an encapsulation of the brief EP's themes. Though the record's guitar-rock aggression can empower listeners, Broken is really about the loss of control and the frustration and self-reflection that can flourish in such circumstances. Trent Reznor's well-publicized struggles with his label at the time, TVT, are his obvious muses, yet his frustrations are never etched out in detail or specifics. Instead, Reznor opts for bruised proclamations that are succinct and memorable enough to enable them to be applied with universality.
Another theme Broken dwells upon is the relationship between man and machine. Given the prominence of both electronics and traditional instruments in Nine Inch Nails' music, this duality has always been present to some extent in Reznor's work, whether by implication or by overt acknowledgment. Broken skews towards the latter camp in a clever manner that takes advantage of the stylistic overall the EP heralded for the band. Broken is a fierce guitar rock record, the heaviest, hardest, most rockist music Reznor had made up to that point in his career.
Yet instead of overwhelming and obliterating the electronic elements (which NIN as a live band had proved it could do, during the first Lollapalooza tour and elsewhere in the late '80s and early '90s), Reznor casts himself in a defensive stance. He wields his newfound instrumental muscle as if it is the desperate last hope available to him that can keep the mechanical monstrosities at bay. The lines "Covered in hope and Vaseline / Still cannot fix this broken machine" are especially evocative and reinforce the idea of Broken as a heavy industry contraption with weight and rust to it instead of some sleek cutting edge studio concoction that would sound outdated a few short years later.
All through Broken, Reznor has strived for deliverance from the mechanized forces oppressing him, only to be continuously ground down and punished. On "Gave Up", he fittingly succumbs fully. Gabbing like a goblin in the choruses, Reznor screeches, "Smashed up my everything / Smashed up all that was true / Gonna smash myself to pieces / I don't know what else to do." He sings as if he's pleased to have his dreams crushed and his delusions shattered; as the previous track suggests, he has found happiness in slavery. Make no mistake, though: the lips singing those words are fixed into a cynical sneer.
Throughout his career, Reznor has affirmed himself as a consistently bullish and uncompromising artist. This is, after all, the man who defiantly declared on his first album, "I'd rather die than give you control!" He later told fans to steal Year Zero in the face of what he considered outrageous pricing. If anything, "Gave Up" and Broken are his examinations of what it is like to be forced to be in the thrall of an outside agency (again, TVT Records), and having undergone that experience, he can only look upon it with revulsion and self-loathing. "After everything I've done, I hate myself for what I've become." If Broken is a document of Reznor being cowed, the situation would not last long. (Fittingly, a remix CD of this EP was later released under the title Fixed, and that record as well as his second full-length The Downward Spiral further aided Reznor on his journey to the top of the '90s' modern rock heap.)
Never has defeat sounded as energized as on "Gave Up". Ever since I first heard Broken, the speedy clip at which the song moved always made me compare it to the similarly brisk tempo of "Wish", and I have long considered both songs cut from the same cloth. Until recently, that comparison led me to unfairly look upon "Gave Up" as a retread upon familiar territory. What led me to reevaluate my opinion was watching an in-studio performance video of "Gave Up" from 1993. It's a great rendition, where the song's simmering intensity is carefully cultivated and maintained by Reznor and his assemblage of ne'er-do-wells. Among them, drummer Chris Vrenna reprising his phenomenal stickwork from the record, as well as a pre-stardom Marilyn Manson churning out rhythm guitar chords.
That video clip depicts Reznor and Nine Inch Nails at a pivotal juncture. To the average person in 1993, if they were aware of Nine Inch Nails at all, it was as a vaguely scary entity, one with an evocative name and logo that seemed to insidiously crop up in more and more places with each passing year. Clad in funereal black, paling around with a future Antichrist Superstar, and recording in the former mansion of Sharon Tate, the notorious site of the Charles Manson Family murders (Reznor has always asserted that he didn't know about the house's history when he started renting the premises), Reznor could have easily made the rest of his career about shock and schlock.
In short, he could've become what Marilyn Manson did, a cultural boogeyman/scapegoat whose headline-grabbing persona overshadowed his recording career. While the trappings mentioned above are all evident in the "Gave Up" clip, what is also evident is the diligence and craftsmanship of Reznor and his crew, as the performers' furrowed dedication and the digital tracks carefully assembled on an array of computer screens attest. To this day, Reznor's music continues to grapple with anger and transgression, and he will still trash his gear on stage if his mood sours. However, craft has always come first, and that is why as good as Broken is, it is really only an early stage of a brilliant creative streak for the musician.
7. "Physical"
Anger and frustration distilled into EP form, Broken certainly has no contenders for the title of the most direct Nine Inch Nails record. Yet the trim tracklist on the back cover doesn't tell the whole story. Like Nirvana's Nevermind, Broken is another early 1990s release that updates the oddball surprises that could be found on vinyl runout grooves for the CD age.
In the case of Broken, simply refrain from pressing the "stop" button once "Gave Up" concludes, and you'll notice something odd: the CD player track numbers will increase second by second in complete silence. Once your media player reaches track 98, the first of two "hidden" cuts will emerge, a trudging cover of "Physical (You're So)".
"Physical (You're So)" dates from the earliest incarnation of Adam and the Ants (then known as Adam and the Antz), before notorious manager Malcolm McLaren spun off three-fourths of the band to become Bow Wow Wow. What was the dark prince of industrial rock doing covering a song by New Romantic pop stars with a penchant for dressing like pirates? Though best known for triumphant hits "Stand and Deliver" and "Goody Two-Shoes", the pre-schism Antz weren't thematically far from Nine Inch Nails.
Like NIN's Trent Reznor, singer Adam Ant possessed a smoldering charisma, and the band's glammy stomp and kinky fascinations understandably drew devotees from among those who would form the initial nucleus of the goth subculture. Listening to the seductive, halting grind of the original "Physical (You're So)", it becomes evident how it could find a welcoming home in the Nine Inch Nails songbook. Reznor's tip of the hat to these half-forgotten New Wave stars was a brave move at a time when alternative musicians seemed to be trawling for credibility points with their hip choices of cover material.
Aside from the industrial trappings and the noticeably beefier guitars, the main difference between these recordings is the tone of the vocals. The Antz version is seductively playful; Adam Ant is practically pouting as he sings and squeals into the microphone. In comparison, Trent Reznor sings with the tortured, laborious breaths of someone desperate for release. It's an approach that ties the cover closer to the EP's greater themes of control and self-hatred, as well as perpetuates the sinister vibe that's been running through the record even in its quieter moments. It also makes the song function as a labored five-minute dirge. Whether that's your cup of tea depends on how much of a comedown you need once the main content of Broken wraps up.
8. "Suck" (Pigface cover)
After nearly a half-hour of industrial intensity (as well as a fake ending), Nine Inch Nails' Broken EP finally closes with a drastic reworking of "Suck". Unlike Adam and the Ants' "Physical (You're So)", it's not quite accurate to call this take on the song a cover. NIN's Trent Reznor recorded the original version of "Suck" with industrial collab Pigface for its 1991 album Gub.
The inclusion of "Suck" is a rather fitting conclusion to the EP. Due to contractual tangles with his label TVT in the early 1990s, Reznor cut back on his musical output; the Pigface collaboration was one of the few exceptions in the period leading up to the unveiling of Broken. Now freed from TVT's grasp and already signed up with a new label (Broken is stamped with both TVT and Interscope logos), Reznor reasserts control over his career. In what could be interpreted as a final kiss-off to his old imprint, he brings a song he recorded during Nine Inch Nails' release moratorium squarely into the outfit's oeuvre.
Lyrics aside, the two versions of "Suck" are drastically different songs. Pigface's version revives the British post-punk aesthetic with its tribal drums and its sparse-yet-prominent bassline. Dark and spacious, it presages Nine Inch Nails' 1994 cover of Joy Division's "Dead Souls". In contrast to Gub producer Steve Albini's no-frills recording approach, the version on Broken is funkier and more full-bodied. A heavily processed melody appears at the start and reoccurs later in the song. Dynamic shifts (in tandem with raging guitars, instruments completely absent from the earlier incarnation) are utilized to give it a proper chorus. While the original take could be mistaken for some early 1980s obscurity, Nine Inch Nails' version bears its unmistakable imprint.
Taken in isolation, Broken earns distinction for being such a nasty little piece of work. It hits hard, stays focused, relents only enough to give listeners a chance to catch their breath, and never wears out its welcome. Within the greater picture of the Nine Inch Nails discography, Broken's stature becomes more pronounced. That is because, in addition to its quality (it's easily the equal of several NIN LPs), it's the sound of Trent Reznor being inspired by an unquenchable fury to come into his own as an artist. Pretty Hate Machine and the first Lollapalooza tour set up Nine Inch Nails as an intriguing cult act.
The snarling, uncompromising Broken gave notice to the mainstream that Nine Inch Nails were a force to be reckoned with. Perhaps more importantly, once Reznor got Broken out of his system, he strove to be more diverse and subtle on his subsequent effort. That record? His crowning achievement, 1994's The Downward Spiral.
Nine Inch Nails: Add Violence (review) - PopMatters ›
Nine Inch Nails: Ghosts I-IV - PopMatters ›
Nine Inch Nails: The Slip - PopMatters ›
Down in It: The 20 Best Nine Inch Nails Songs - PopMatters ›
Nine Inch Nails: Hesitation Marks - PopMatters ›
Nine Inch Nails: With Teeth - PopMatters ›
Nine Inch Nails and Coil: Recoiled - PopMatters ›
Nine Inch Nails: Year Zero - PopMatters ›
nine inch nails | the official website ›
nine inch nails (@nineinchnails) | Twitter ›
Nine Inch Nails - Home | Facebook ›
between the grooves industrial metal alternative metal industrial rock industrial alternative rock rock trent reznor nine inch nails

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Psychologist, Family Therapist, PHd in mental health in Psychiatric context. Professor for Family Therapy, Statistics and Research Methods in Psychology. Director of the Post-Graduation Course on Family and Community Therapy, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (UAL). Vice-President of the Portuguese Association of Family and Community Therapy (www.aptefc.org). Current research projects: Individualized patient progress systems, qualitative-quantitative integration methods, multicultural families and healing systems.


text:
Dr. Aziz Pahad (born 25 December 1940) is a South African politician, who served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 2008, he currently serves as an MP for Johannesburg West Highlands. He is the brother of Essop Pahad.

Education
Aziz Pahad matriculated at Central Indian High School, Johannesburg in 1959. He graduated in 1963 from the University of the Witwatersrand in Sociology and Afrikaans. He obtained a Diploma in International Relations from University College London in 1966 and an MA degree from the University of Sussex in 1968.

Anti-Apartheid activism
Under the apartheid regime in South Africa, Aziz Pahad was given a banning order in 1963, restricting his movement and preventing him from attending public meetings. In 1966, he left South Africa and lived mostly in London but also spent some time in Angola and Zimbabwe. He started working full-time for the ANC, developing the Anti-Apartheid Movement in the United Kingdom and Europe. In 1985, he was elected a National Executive Committee member of the ANC – a position he still holds.

Return to South Africa
In 1991, a year after he returned to South Africa from exile, he was appointed deputy head of the ANC Department of International Affairs. For the next three years, Aziz Pahad served as a member of the National Peace Executive Committee and of the Transitional Executive Council's sub-committee on Foreign Affairs.

Politician
In 1994, he was elected a Member of Parliament and was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of President Nelson Mandela. He was re-elected in the 1999 election.

Following the resignation of President Thabo Mbeki in September 2008, Pahad was among those members of the Cabinet who submitted their resignations on 23 September, although it was subsequently announced that he might be willing to remain in his post.

Influence
Since his appointment as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pahad has played a key role in shaping the ANC government's policies. His was a prominent role in South Africa's attempt to stop the US-led attack on Iraq in 2003. He represented his country in 2004 at the International Court of Justice when South Africa argued strongly against Israel's erection of a security fence. He told the court:

"The Palestinian separation wall is not a security wall. It is a wall of occupation, a wall that has separated hundreds of thousands of Palestinians from their families, their homes, lands and religious sites."

In Africa, Pahad played an active role in bringing peace to the warring factions of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and Angola. He visited Saudi Arabia in March 2006 to promote bilateral political and economic relations between the two countries.

Nuclear controversy
On 20 April 1997 Aziz Pahad was quoted in the Israeli daily newspaper Ha'aretz as confirming that the 1979 flash over the Indian Ocean (Vela incident) was indeed from a South African nuclear test. Soon afterwards, Pahad reported that he had been misquoted by Ha'aretz and that he was merely repeating rumours that had been circulating for years.

References

External links
Profile of Aziz Pahad
Experienced foreign affairs spokesman
Aziz Pahad to visit Saudi Arabia

Government ministers of South Africa
Anti-apartheid activists
1940 births
Living people
University of the Witwatersrand alumni
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of the University of Sussex
Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
African National Congress politicians
South African people of Indian descent
South African Muslims

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Europe / General
Jason Cochran
Frommer's EasyGuide to London 2017
By: Jason Cochran
Named "Best Guidebook of the Year" by the Society of American Travel Writers in a previous edition, this fiercely opinionated guide not only tells travelers what to see and do, but also what's not worth their time. In a city with an overwhelming number of attractions, lodgings, restaurants, museums, and shops. Cochran, as the judging panel noted, is also unusually talented at bringing culture and history to life, in an accessible and fun-to-read fashion. Whether your budget is large or tight, Cochran shows you London like a local—something many guides claim but few do as well as this one.
This book is fully updated yearly, has large easy-to-read type, and contains:
-Exact prices and tube stops for every listing in the book, so there's never any nasty surprises
-A handy pull-out map, with helpful bulleted maps throughout, including a London Tube map
-Insightful discussions of London's history and culture
-Opinionated reviews of attractions, nightlife, hotels, restaurants and shops in all price ranges
Published by: FrommerMedia Details Related titles
1 THE BEST OF LONDON
The Best of London
Whether you realize it or not, London shaped your destiny. There's hardly a quarter of the globe that London, as the seat of England's government, hasn't changed. The United States was founded in reaction to London's edicts. Australia was first peopled with London's criminals. Modern Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand were cultivated from London. India's course was irrevocably changed by the aspirations of London businessmen, as were the lives of millions of African slaves who were shipped around the world while Londoners lined their pockets with profits. That you bought this book, written in English somewhere other than in England, is evidence of London's reach across time and distance. And its dominion continues to this day: London is the world's most popular destination for foreign tourists.
London is inexhaustible. You could tour it for months and barely get to know it. Few cities support such a variety of people living in remarkable harmony. In 2016, this historically Christian country even elected a Muslim mayor—one who earned a fatwa for supporting LGBT rights. That diversity makes London like a cut diamond; approach it from a different angle each day, and it presents an entirely fresh shape and color. From famous stories to high style, London is many things in every moment.
2 SUGGESTED ITINERARIES & NEIGHBORHOODS
Suggested Itineraries & Neighborhoods
Few great modern cities are as multilayered, intricate, and, yes, messy as London, Western Europe's most populous city (8.7 million in 2016), and that's because history was knitted into its very layout. London is mostly the haphazard product of blind evolution, which piled up over successive generations to produce a complicated metropolis. One could say that London simply happened.
As recently as the early 1800s, London—and by London, I mean what we now call The City, between St Paul's and the Tower—was a compact, teeming monster where many lives, birth to death, were carried out within the same few blocks. Within that frenzied cluster, districts developed out of logic or bias—the main streets ran south to the river and not east or west, for example, the smoke of industry was banished downwind, and kings lived near the Thames for easy transportation. All around The City were dozens of villages, many of which retain their names as modern neighborhoods and, if you're lucky, a whiff of their original personalities.
3 WHERE TO STAY
From 19th-century grand hotels to boutique inns hatched by design firms to family-run B&Bs, London's range of accommodations is as diverse as the city it serves. However, since London is the third-most expensive hotel city in the world, lodging will be the single biggest outlay of your trip—so make sure the place you choose spotlights the city at its best.
London's housing market is diseased—and the affliction is foreign cash. The city has always attracted the richest of the rich, but recently, they began parking their fortunes in its real estate en masse. Russian oligarchs, Middle Eastern magnates, and Chinese officials are snapping up prime real estate—in 2014, a 16,000-square-foot flat at One Hyde Park sold for an insane £140 million—squeezing out the middle class, shutting down family-run B&Bs, and turning a place to sleep into a major financial drain for everyone else. There are more than 11,000 five-star rooms in London, but a dwindling number of inexpensive or even modestly priced ones, so it's rougher on budget-minded travelers than it has ever been before.
4 WHERE TO EAT
In 1957, Arthur Frommer visited London for his seminal Europe on $5 a Day. His report was gloomy: "With great despair, this book recommends that you . . . save your money for the better meals available in France and Italy. Cooking is a lost art in Great Britain; your meat pie with cabbage will turn out just as tasteless for 40¢ in a chain restaurant as it will for $2 in a posh hotel." The report today is happily quite different: Bon appétit!
As it turns out, good English cooking wasn't a lost art at all. True, there are still plenty of places you'll find a crap meal, but cabbage is no longer the national affliction, as it was in the days of rationing. Now that London swarms with people from across the world, you'll find nearly every style of cuisine—food the British of 40 years ago were reticent to try. In the past 40 years, British consumption of sugar, potatoes, and flour have halved. Countless restaurants now serve ingredients fresh from the farm. Fish and chips, for a time relegated to the suburbs, made a comeback, and Indian restaurants, or "curry shops," now serve the country's unofficial comfort food. Thai food and burgers are more common than them all. Even most of the major museums (the best attractions are listed on p. 1) run cafes that, surprisingly, more than pull their weight.
5 EXPLORING LONDON
England has been a top dog for 500 years, and London is where it keeps its bark. Many of the world's finest treasures came here during the Empire and never left. Most cities store their best goodies in one or two top museums. In London, riches hide everywhere. The major attractions could by themselves occupy months of contemplation. But the sheer abundance of history and wealth—layer upon layer of it—means that London boasts dozens of exciting smaller sights, too. You could spend a lifetime seeing it all, so you'd better get started.
Sightseeing discounts, such as 2-for-1s, are sometimes offered at LastMinute.com under Experiences. The heavily promoted (www.londonpass.com) gets you into a bevy of attractions and a Golden Tours sightseeing bus for a fixed price (such as £59 a day or £79 for 2 days), but is unlikely to pay off in the small amount of time you're given to use it. Only the version that lasts 6 days (£129 adult, £89 child) would potentially pay off, but still only marginally and only if you don't take much time for meals.
6 LONDON SHOPPING
London Shopping
Blame Elizabeth I. Sure, the old girl loved her baubles and gold-embroidered bodices, but her biggest contribution to English consumerism was defeating the Spanish Armada. You see, that established England as the dominant player on the high seas, which opened up channels of international trade and soon, the Thames was more jammed with bounty than the parking lot at the mall on Christmas Eve. Ever since then, London has had a hankering for the finer things. Gird your pocketbook!
Stores across the city generally open at 9 or 10am daily and close at 7 or 8pm, although boutiques may close at 6pm and the department stores and Oxford Street shops are often open as late as 9pm. On Sunday, relatively new terrain for British shopping, 11am or noon to 6pm is common (although arcane laws mean some stores won't make a sale until noon); very few places stay open past then. Expect crowds on weekends, when people pour into town from the countryside.
The Great Shopping Streets
7 LONDON NIGHTLIFE
London Nightlife
Let no one tell you that London tucks itself into bed early. Perhaps that was true in your grandfather's day. Now, the U.K. rocks 'til dawn. The Tube may shut down after midnight on weeknights, but as of last year, the main lines go all night on weekends, so for the intrepid, the entertainment can rollick until morning. With hundreds of theaters, nightclubs, cinemas, and music halls, London has more to offer on a single night than many cities can muster in an entire year, and its output influences the whole world.
That said, London's nights aren't perfect. The city's prevailing liquor laws force places to sometimes unceremoniously dump their clientele on the streets in mid-toast. Whereas in Spain, Greece, and New York, the night rarely begins before 1am, that's usually when the DJ packs up even at many of London's top clubs. If you require just one more cocktail to close the deal, a very few clubs will serve until 3am; ask your new friends at the bar which place is the cool one right now (in Soho, it's the Shadow Lounge at 5 Brewer St.). The Night Bus system (p. 309) assuages some financial pain, but it's a buzzkill to end a festive night of drinking with your legs crossed on a slow-moving bus.
8 WALKING TOURS OF LONDON
Walking Tours of London
Paying for a bus tour seems smart in principle. You glimpse monuments, briefly, and you hear one or two eye-glazing facts about them as they whiz past. But no coach tour, no hokey sightseeing boat, goes at your speed. None convinces you the things you're seeing are quite real, allowing you to mull what's before you, or lets you breathe in the atmosphere. Get up close to London. Don't pass it. Touch it—so that it can touch you.
Walking Tour 1: Westminster, Whitehall & Trafalgar Square
Westminster Tube station
Allow 60 minutes, not including time spent in attractions
Be at the starting line just before noon to hear Big Ben deliver its longest chime of the day
Worst time:
After working hours, when energy drains out of the area
When most people hear the word "London," this is the area they picture: the Houses of Parliament, the wash of the Thames, the gong of Big Ben, and the Georgian facade of No. 10 Downing Street. Kings and queens, prime ministers and executioners, despots and assassins—this is where they converged to shape a millennium of events, at the command center for England and the British Empire. History buffs, lace up.
9 DAY TRIPS FROM LONDON
Day Trips from London
You've flown all the way to England. It would be a shame to miss seeing some of the sights that make it special—the rolling countryside, the stately mansions cradled by ancient trees, the ageless villages built on slow-flowing rivers. An excursion enriches you with two experiences for the price of one: You'll taste everyday English life while you immerse yourself in world-famous landmarks.
Britain has comprehensive transport, but it's not quick as mercury. Because of traffic and a dearth of superhighways, you can expect a 48km (30-mile) trip to take an hour, so a spot that's 129 to 161km (80–100 miles) each way, such as Stonehenge or Bath, will require you to rise at dawn if you want to buy yourself much touring time at all. Going by bus is often less expensive than by rail, but the inefficient journey will involve narrow roads.
The tourist offices listed will be able, for a fee (£4–£5, plus 10% of the room rate), to hook you up with a bed for the night, should you decide that you'd rather not trek back to London right away. You can find lots more information at Visit England (www.visitengland.com) and Visit Britain (www.visitbritain.com).
10 PLANNING YOUR TRIP
Planning Your Trip to London
First of all, relax. Getting to London isn't as tricky as it used to be. Some 31.5 million international visitors journeyed to London in 2015, a 20% increase over 2010—making it the most popular destination for travelers from abroad. The London hospitality and tourist industries know a thing or two about helping foreigners. Finding airfare isn't much harder than finding a cross-country flight. Being ready for the rest (money, electricity) is simply a matter of having the facts.
Transatlantic flights almost always land at Heathrow, Europe's busiest international airport (LHR; 17 miles west), or Gatwick, perhaps the most disliked (LGW; 31 miles south). With a few minor exceptions, the other four airports, Stansted (STN; 37 miles northeast), Luton (LTN; 34 miles northwest), London City (LCY; in London's Docklands area), and Southend (SEN; 42 miles easy) serve flights from Europe, and they're where cut-rate flyers and executive jets tend to go. Every airport offers some kind of rail connection to the central city, and that's the smart way to go. Tickets can be bought at windows in the arrivals halls, at machines, or online, where you get a discount. You'll rarely have to wait more than 20 minutes for the next train, and it's not necessary to pre-book any of them.
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Frommer's EasyGuide to Ireland 2017
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Since his mother's death six years ago, Carter Kane has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the globe with his father, the brilliant Egyptologist Dr. Julius Kane. But while Carter's been homeschooled, his younger sister, Sadie, has been living with their grandparents in London. Sadie has just what Carter wants school friends and a chance at a normal life. But Carter has just what Sadie longs for time with their father. After six years of living apart, the siblings have almost nothing in common. Until now.
On Christmas Eve, Sadie and Carter are reunited when their father brings them to the British Museum, with a promise that he's going to make things right. But all does not go according to plan: Carter and Sadie watch as Julius summons a mysterious figure, who quickly banishes their father and causes a fiery explosion.
Soon Carter and Sadie discover that the gods of Ancient Egypt are waking, and the worst of them has a frightening scheme. To save their father, they must embark on a dangerous journey a quest that brings them ever closer to the truth about their family and its links to the House of Life, a secret order that has existed since the time of the pharaohs.


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Fort de Peigney
A transitional fort of the 19th century
The fort of Peigney is near the village of Peigney in the departement of Haute-Marne in the south of the Champagne region.
It is about 2 kilometres from the walled town of Langres and near to the camping site and the reservoir of La Liez, on the road D52.
The Fort de Peigney is one of eight detached forts which were built to protect the city of Langres in north-eastern France. The other forts are la Bonnelle, Cognelot, Montlandon, Plesnoy, la Pointe de Diamant, Saint-Menge, et Dampierre.
It was later incorporated into the defense system developed by the General Séré de Rivières in the late 19th century to protect France against a German invasion.
The forts of this period were of a simpler polygonal form than the large star fortresses developed by the military engineer Vauban in the 17th century. With improvements in artillery, cities had become too vulnerable to long range canons. The solution was to build a series of small forts in a ring around the city to be defended. The fort of Peigney is an example of this type of fortification. It is one of the last forts built before the introduction of new techniques of fortification by Séré de Rivières.
Visits 2022
The fort is closed for visits until June 2022.
Guided tours in French
Groups of at least 15 people, are accepted by reservation on 06 89 74 40 53 or 06 81 34 90 86.
3 € per person. School group: 2.50 € per student.
You can also contact the association with our contact form.
There are explanation panels in English, German and Dutch, at various points on the tour.
Calendar of events, 2022
Sunday 15 May : Vide grenier (Car boot sale)
The weekend 2 and 3 July : Salon «Terroir et artisanat local»
Fort de Peigney © 2015 - 2022


Kings Cribbage Online was programmed by Damien Blond in 2006-2008. The board game was invented by CoCoCo games.
Joe from CrashCribbage did a blog interview on me, click here to read it and get more cribbage news!
Kings Cribbage online is dedicated to my father Doug Blond who passed away January 10th, 2007. Miss you dad!


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Nowhere to run. Tuvaluans consider their future after Tropical Cyclone Pam
Publié: 17 avril 2015 8:31 CET
Tauala Katea explains that Cyclone Pam would\'ve been worse if it had coincided with King Tides. Photo Credit: Rosemarie North/IFRC
Red Cross volunteers carried out assessments and distributed kitchen equipment, food and non-food items as well as toolkits for building shelters to the affected communities. Photo Credit: Rosemarie North/IFRC
By Rosemarie North, IFRC
Every 16 February, the island of Nui in the north of Tuvalu commemorates surviving a great storm in the 1800s, which they call Bogin te Ieka (the Day of the Flood in the Kiribati language) but Tropical Cyclone Pam, which passed over the island on March 10, will go down as the worst storm in living memory.
For three days, Pam's category five winds lashed the island with waves which surged over the entire island. Before the storm, the electricity was switched off, plunging the island into darkness and cutting off communication lines that wouldn't be re-established for three days.
At first, Niutao resident Maulio Kaipeti, who has impaired mobility stayed in his house on the coast and hoped for the best.
"When the waves were getting bigger, that worried me. I just waited. I thought, 'If it's God's will to wash me away, so be it'."
In the end, friends and family urged Maulio to move. They brought a tractor that carried him to a relative's house. Although his house was damaged, Maulio wants to return home as soon as possible and regain his independence.
Many other Nui residents like Uati Lutelu can't wait to move inland, away from rising sea levels and future storms.
"The wind from TC Pam wasn't really that strong, but the waves were so strong they damaged concrete houses. We don't want to go back to where we lived before. We don't feel safe."
Uati is grateful for tarpaulins the Tuvalu Red Cross distributed to provide temporary shelter for his family. He now plans to build inland where his family also has land.
Tolipoa and Munaloy Soaliki are in their 70s and camping on a raised platform at a relative's home.
They brought just one suitcase with them when they evacuated. They were able to move their pigs, but not their poultry. Initially they used coconut leaves to dry themselves. Then the Red Cross gave them towels and a blanket.
The storm has demoralised the community. People are staying with relatives. Some small households of two or three people have swelled to 20 or 30.
As soon as the seas were calm enough, Red Cross volunteers reached the islands, carried out assessments and distributed kitchen equipment, personal hygiene items, mosquito nets, water containers full of safe drinking water and tarpaulins and toolkits for building shelters.
On Niutao, the Red Cross had already set up a storage shelter with emergency relief items. It was one of five islands with pre-positioned stocks. The remaining network of storage shelters was due to be completed later this year in a collaboration with the Australian and New Zealand Red Cross societies, the New Zealand Defence Force and the Building Safety and Resilience in the Pacific project.
A week before the storm, the Red Cross had broadcast a radio programme with Tauala Katea, the scientific officer at the Tuvalu Meteorological Service in Funafuti. Back then, Tauala's data showed a risk of high winds and storm surges up to two to three metres posing a risk across Tuvalu's low-lying atolls and islets, whose highest point is just 4.6m above sea level.
"I was really surprised how bad it was and how far inland the waves came. No-one expected it to be that bad. I calculated that if the storm surges had happened during the highest tides (king tides)they would have been up to six metres."
Tuvalu is comprised of a group of nine small islands with a landmass of 26-square-kilometres dotted across 900,000 square kilometres of sea. Six-metre waves would have had disastrous consequences. As Tauala says, "there's nowhere to run".
Given how crucial forecasts are, will Pam's destructive waves mean a change to the model the Met Service uses to warn people? It's more complicated than that, says Tauala.
Existing maps of the ocean floor concentrate on places of interest for fishing or tsunami warnings, not the shallower areas around Tuvalu's islands.
"It's really hard to do the modelling because we don't have enough high-resolution bathymetry data (measuring ocean depths) on the near-coast. So we can't run any probability modelling on how a wave of a certain height can penetrate the land."
Cyclone Pam has redrawn the map of Tuvalu, scouring away coastlines, cutting an island in half, and making one islet disappear altogether.
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Arabian Immersion
Experience the wonderful culture of the Arabian Peninsular on this 11-night cruise onboard MSC Lirica. Cruising from Dubai you'll visit Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Doha in Qatar, Muscat and Khasab in Oman, and MSC's private island of Sir Bani Yas. Featuring overnight stays in Dubai and Muscat you can really explore this fascinating region.
FREE WIFI for Inside Cabins
FREE WIFI & EASY DRINKS Package for Oceanview Cabins
FREE WIFI & PREMIUM DRINKS for Balcony Cabins
Flight from Dublin to Dubai
Transfer from airport to port
11 nights onboard the MSC Lirica based on two sharing
Meals onboard on a full board basis
Entertainment onboard
Transfer to Airport
Flight from Dubai to Dublin
Taxes and charges of €130
One check bag of 20kg per person
Itinerary may vary by departure date with the destinations being visited in a different order. Please call for details.
Day 1-2 Dubai, UAE
Following your flight, you will be transferred to the port to board MSC Lirica. The ship will stay in port overnight and depart into the gulf in the evening.
A shore excursion on your MSC Emirates and Oman cruise can be the opportunity to discover Bur Dubai, at the heart of the metropolis of Dubai, on the south side of the breezy Creek. It's the oldest part of Dubai and it offers a fascinating insight into the city's traditional roots.
This is where you'll find many of the place's most interesting Arabian heritage houses, clustered in the beautiful old Iranian quarter of Bastakiya and the waterfront Shindagha district, as well as the excellent Dubai Museum and the atmospheric Textile Souk.
MSC Emirates and Oman cruises also offer excursions to the bustling district of Deira: the centre of Dubai's traditional commercial activity, much of it still conducted in the area's vibrant array of old-fashioned souks, including the famous gold and spice markets. A few kilometres south of the old city centre, modern Dubai begins in spectacular style with Sheikh Zayed Road, home to a neck-cricking array of skyscrapers including the glittering Emirates Towers.
Even these, however, are outshone by the massive Downtown Dubai development at the southern end of the strip, centred on the stupendous new Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building, flanked by further record-breaking attractions including the gargantuan Dubai Mall and spectacular Dubai Fountain.
West of the Sheikh Zayed Road, the sprawling beachside suburb of Jumeirah is the traditional address-of-choice for Dubai's European expats, its endless swathes of walled villas dotted with half a dozen shopping malls and a smattering of low-key sights. At the southern end of Jumeirah, there are more iconic sights in the sleepy suburb of Umm Suqeim, including the wave-shaped Jumeirah Beach Hotel, the extraordinary mock-Arabian Madinat Jumeirah complex and the unforgettable Burj al Arab hotel.
Day 3 Abu Dhabi, UAE
The United Arab Emirates' capital, Abu Dhabi, where your MSC cruise ship awaits your return, offers an intriguing contrast to its freewheeling neighbour Dubai, a little over an hour's drive down the coast. Leading attractions on your Emirates and Oman cruises to Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates include the extravagant Emirates Palace hotel and the even more spectacular Sheikh Zayed Mosque, while the various attractions of Yas Island, home to the vast Ferrari World theme park, lie just down the road. The blockbuster attraction at Abu Dhabi's Yas Island is a dream excursion for any F1 fans. The "world's biggest indoor theme park", it offers a wide range of Ferrari-themed rides and displays which will appeal both to kids and grown-ups, including the chance to drive an F1 simulator or to ride the Formula Rossa roller coaster (the world's fastest) or to experience race-day acceleration in the G Force "tower of speed" – as well as numerous gentler family-oriented rides.
Day 4 Sir Bani Yas, UAE
Enjoy all the comforts of the ship, along with all the fun of the beach
An enchanting stop on this MSC Cruise to the United Arab Emirates and Oman is Sir Bani Yas island. It has nothing to do with the hyper-technological progress which you will admire on your trip to the capital, Abu Dhabi. n Sir Bani Yas, just like on the islands of Dalma and the six nearby Discovery Islands, an enormous nature reserve has been designated to species in danger of extinction, be they from the Arabic peninsula or from Africa.
In particular, on Sir Bani Yas you will be able to observe rare animals inside a protected area where the great majority of the animals, including giraffes, flamingos and cheetahs to name just a few, live freely.During your cruise to Abu Dhabi, Sir Bani Yas is therefore is an opportunity to be seized to enjoy fun excursions or safaris in the wild, or to experience some of the exciting sports on offer.
And for those who choose MSC Cruises relaxation, the beaches and the facilities that this island offers, where everything aimed at sustainability, will ensure that you spend an unforgettable day of leisure.
Day 5 Khasab, Oman
Khasab, is also known as the Top of the Emirates, a play of words to define its position – it's the most "northern" city in the Emirates – and the appeal of this Oman port located in the northernmost exclave of the Sultanate. Sailing on an MSC cruise Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Oman you will notice that Khasab guards the Ormuz strait that separates the Arabian Sea from the Indian Ocean. Here the cruise proceeds into the Musandam, the longest and most famous fjord of these coasts, with its long inlets dug out of the limestone, that open towards the hinterland through cliffs rising vertically from the clear blue waters, populated by dolphins and a vast varied marine life, which is why it is known as the "Norway of Arabia".
Day 6-7 Muscat, Oman
Stepping ashore in Oman's capital Muscat, when your MSC cruise takes you to the Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Oman, means stepping into one of the oldest cities of the Middle East. This is where incense was shipped to Greece and Rome as far back as the 2nd century.
Today it is still possible to find traces of its glorious past in the old centre where, until the latter part of the past century, the gates that separated the various quarters would be closed three hours after dawn. Muttrah, the historic centre of trade and activity of the capital that you will see during the cruise, is one of the most intriguing and well preserved parts of the town centre.
Its commercial vocation is due to its proximity to the large port, where your MSC ship, which is named after its sovereign Qabus, will be waiting for you. Dedicate part of your vacation to Muscat to visit the sites, like the fish market, the Portuguese fort and, above all Muttrah's Souq, one of cruisers' favourite destinations.
You can continue along the sea road to the old town of Muscat where, about 200 years ago, the predecessor of the current head of state, built the Al Alam (the Flag), the palace which was restored in the Seventies and has become the Sultan's official residence. It is a beautiful example of contemporary Arab architecture situated at the centre of the part of Muscat which is still surrounded by its 17th century walls.
Nearby, in the quarter of Bawshar, you find the Great Mosque of Sultan Qabus. About 6500 devotees gather to pray in the main prayer hall which has a single, huge carpet of about 4200 sq.m., made of one billion and 700 million knots and weighs 21 tons. All the halls, which may be visited also by non-Muslims, are decorated with motifs that celebrate Arab culture.
Day 9 Bahrain
During an MSC cruise to Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Oman, you will also disembark in Bahrain, an island 40km long and just 15kn wide in the Persian Gulf.
This country with a thousand-year-old culture, is also called "the kingdom of the two seas" because its waters border with those of Qatar to the south and with those of Saudi Arabia to the west. In the course of your stop in Bahrain, an excursion will take you on a discovery of its charming capital, Manama. The city, where modern skyscrapers stand side-by-side with old buildings, has strong ties to nomadic traditions: its inhabitants often head out to the desert and stay in large white tents to participate in the ancient tradition of falcon hunting. The National Museum is an excellent starting point for a visit to the capital: an opportunity to learn about the history and customs of this territory.
Day 10 Doha, Qatar
A journey to Qatar becomes special on an MSC cruise. A cruise in the United Arab Emirates and India will introduce you to Doha, the country's futuristic capital on the Persian Gulf. The city is preparing to host the 2022 World Cup, enhancing its already awesome skyline with new super modern skyscrapers.
The Aspire Tower in Doha (300 meters) dominates the skylines. It is the highest building of the country, whose shape is akin to a torch. This building is located near the city of sport, which has already hosted events such as the XII Pan Arab games and which will have a central role during the World Cup. Much of Doha, including places of worship such as the new mosque in the Qatar Faculty of Islamic studies, seems to be already in the future. Don't miss a visit to the Pearl, a futuristic artificial circular port which is being developed to the north of the city centre, and yet, as you will notice on your MSC excursion, the ancient heart of the city still beats strong.
Day 11-12 Dubai, UAE
Your cruise ends with another overnight stay in Dubai. Disembarkation begins after breakfast when you will be transferred to the airport for your flight home.
MSC Lirica – Traditional Cruise Comforts In A Most Elegant Setting
MSC Lirica was an important cruise ship for MSC. As the first completely new build she helped set the tone that helped them on the way to becoming arguably the world's most modern cruise line. And, thanks to the meticulous care lavish on all their cruise ships, MSC Lirica looks as immaculate today as she did 'way back' in 2003!
MSC Lirica is a cruise ship for those who remain unmoved by glitzy interiors and the 'biggest and brashest is best' school of cruise ship design. Instead she excels in delivering a quality cruise for those looking for comfort and hospitality of the highest order. Expect a friendly, casual atmosphere and a cruise ship that looks and feels like a proper cruise ship complete with rich wood, brass, marble and the restrained use of restful colours. Up on deck you'll find plenty of space to do just as you please. If traditional cruising games are your thing, how about a game of shuffleboard? Or, if you can't wait for your next port to play a round of golf, how about putting around the mini golf course? There again, if you can't put that novel down, then find a sun lounger and settle down for a good read – you can punctuate the chapters with a cold drink, crisply delivered by an attentive steward.
If you take your relaxation seriously the Lirica Health Centre has some seriously relaxing treatments on offer. Spend a little time here and you'll soon leave the stresses and strains of everyday life in your wake. Other 'low impact' routes to relaxation can be found in the Beverley Hills bar and the Lord Nelson pub, where a most convivial evening is guaranteed.
MSC Lirica offers extraordinary comfort in an elegant setting. If you are looking for a casual easy-going ambience framed by traditional, luxurious decor MSC Lirica is the cruise liner for you! MSC's superb Mediterranean cuisine will put you right at ease and our modern array of amenities will ensure your every wish is catered for!
Booking remarks
Inclusive of taxes and service charges as indicated
Non-refundable or transferable booking deposit of €250 per person
Full payment due on confirmation
Optional Insurance €23 (conditions apply)
Drinks onboard not included. All Inclusive Drinks Package available for €39pppn
Gratuities not included
Single supplement on request
These prices are guidelines only and are subject to change and availability. Pricing will be confirmed at time of booking.
Cost per person: €0pp
Number of nights: 11
10 December 2019 €1,039 Inside
10 December 2019 €1,429 Oceanview
10 December 2019 €2,079 Balcony
04 January 2020 €1,039 Inside
04 January 2020 €1,429 Oceanview
04 January 2020 €2,129 Balcony
06 February 2020 €1,199 Inside
06 February 2020 €1,589 Oceanview
06 February 2020 €2,199 Balcony
Request Brochure - Arabian Immersion
Call: (01) 294 1000


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You are here: Home > County News Releases > Tomales Bay Water Rescues
County of Marin - News Releases - Tomales Bay Water Rescues
High Winds Whip Marin Coast, Capsize Boats
Public safety agencies kept busy with rescues on Tomales Bay
Woodacre, CA – The use of life jackets prevented potential tragedies Saturday when high winds on Tomales Bay prompted the Marin County Fire Department (MCFD) to conduct two water rescues.
Shortly after 2 p.m., the fire department was alerted to a 32-foot sailboat in distress near Ten Mile Beach off the Point Reyes National Seashore. A man and a woman had left Bodega Bay and were headed toward Berkeley when the winds caused the mast to break. The occupants boarded a dinghy, which quickly capsized.
For 30 minutes, the waves carried the two people to the shoreline where they were located and picked up by a California Highway Patrol helicopter. They were assessed by MCFD paramedics upon arrival to the Abbotts Lagoon parking lot and transported to the hospital.
"Their survival is largely due to the fact that they were wearing life jackets," said MCFD Battalion Chief Mike Giannini. "This is a story with a good outcome that could have ended very differently."
At about the same time, a 14-foot Hobie Cat sailboat overturned on Tomales Bay about a mile south of Nicks Cove in Marshall. Two men, also wearing life jackets, were spotted by a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter and plucked from the water by MCFD personnel using rescue watercraft. Both men were evaluated by paramedics and did not require transportation to a hospital.
"Sudden changes in the weather and water conditions can turn a pleasurable outing into a tragedy," said MCFD Battalion Chief Bill Roberts. "Be prepared for unexpected conditions if you venture out into the water."
Now in its second year, the MCFD rescue watercraft program saved 25 stranded people over its first 12 months. Approximately 225 personnel from MCFD and partnering agencies have received training through the program, which uses six rescue watercraft and other equipment purchased with funds from a $68,000 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) grant.
Mike Giannini
Marin County Fire Department
33 Castle Rock Ave.
Woodacre, CA 94973
Email: Mike Giannini
Marin County Fire website


Saturday, our second full day in Tulit'a, we went exploring.
Yes, sign behind oil drums reads 'BATTRIES'.
The first place our friend Jean took us to look for wildlife was the local dump, which is just that. A halfhearted landfill, the facility is a dumping ground for an astonishing range of toxins, hazardous wastes, appliances, decrepit vehicles, and the community's entire stash of trash. Most of it is starkly visible above ground, only partially blanketed in snow.
For some depressing info on the situation of trash in isolated Northern communities, see these links: Sahtu Hazardous Waste Inventory Project; Contaminated Sites in the NWT. The Project to reduce appliances as trash is a welcome positive antidote.
Not only do ravens and rodents thrive here, but according to our hosts, so do some fairly habituated foxes, wolves, and bears. Because some community member vocally prefer watching wildlife to fencing the dump, the situation persists.
Thus, the wildlife scene at the dump is a pretty reasonable destination for wildlife watchers. Ready with our cameras and my sketchbooks, we had high hopes...but saw only ravens.
Until we drove away from the dump.
That's when we spotted a lynx trotting down the road. It jumped the berm of snow lining the road, then paused at the forest edge and watched us watch it for a while. We got another look at it when it crossed back out, and headed down the road toward the dump.
We didn't have time, in the moment, to contemplate that juxtaposition - lynx and landfill. We were busy looking for the critter, and ogling the astonishingly clear tracks it left on the crust of what turned out to be thigh-deep snow.
Ever since, though, we've been collectively pondering the darkly eloquent metaphor the situation offers. Admittedly, it is absurd to 'drop in' to this place where two rivers meet (which is what Tulit'a means) for just a few days and hope to draw terribly credible conclusions.
This holds true even though we are being hosted by people totally steeped in the complexities of life in this First Nations community.
And yet, one thing seems true enough to mention it.
Not only is life often a serious challenge in the North, it is different - in both predictable and highly unlikely ways - from the lives we lead further south.