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Wolf helps work wild comeback for St. X over Colerain
Chase Wolf led the Bombers back from a 14-0 fourth quarter deficit to beat Colerain in overtime 20-17 Friday night
Wolf helps work wild comeback for St. X over Colerain Chase Wolf led the Bombers back from a 14-0 fourth quarter deficit to beat Colerain in overtime 20-17 Friday night Check out this story on cincinnati.com: http://cin.ci/2gr2Qwm
Adam Baum, abaum@enquirer.com Published 11:37 p.m. ET Sept. 1, 2017
St. Xavier quarterback Chase Wolf (2) throws in the first quarter during the high football game between the St. Xavier Bombers and the Colerain Cardinals, Friday, Sept. 1, 2017, at Colerain High School in Colerain Township.(Photo: The Enquirer/Kareem Elgazzar)
COLERAIN TWP. - There's an art to the fourth quarter comeback, and Friday night at Colerain High School, under a sky that remained raining for the entirety, the St. Xavier Bombers painted a masterpiece.
After Colerain went up 14-0 seconds into the fourth quarter, St. Xavier senior quarterback Chase Wolf and the Bombers' offense -- after a relatively inept first three quarters -- went ballistic, outscoring Colerain 14-0 in the final 5:16 of regulation to win 20-17 in overtime. With his team down two scores, Wolf finished the game completing 10-of-16 passes for 92 yards and two touchdowns, one of which was the game-winning rushing touchdown.
St. Xavier head coach Steve Specht said, "Chase played like a warrior tonight. Our receivers ... to catch balls in this weather is brutal; they did a great job, and our offensive line was fantastic."
Wolf, a Wisconsin commit who finished 19-of-33 for 166 yards, said, "No panic at all. Everybody had the look in their eyes, saying 'We're not gonna lose.' Everybody believed it, too. We could tell."
In the fourth quarter, Specht said, the Bombers went to their uptempo offense.
"I think the momentum changed when we went tempo," said Specht, who's been on the losing end in overtime the last two regular seasons against Colerain. "Colerain had all the momentum in the world and that's the thing about football, it's a game of ebbs and flows and we caught a wave there in the fourth quarter, got them on their heels a little bit."
Wolf, seemingly unphased by the poor passing conditions down the stretch, said, "We just stopped thinking; we started playing football instead."
Wolf's wideouts -- Cameron Specht, who finished with nine catches for 68 yards and a touchdown, Nick Shamsi, Andrew Wittrock and Jared Kreimer -- all came up with big catches late. One, in particular, was Wolf's 12-yard connection to Wittrock on fourth-and-seven from Colerain's 29-yard line to help the Bombers tie the game.
Colerain's defense was a legitimate test and the Bombers looked as if they might fail, but if St. Xavier learned anything from last season, it's that the Bombers are never out of a game.
"You get into a situation like tonight," said Specht. "You got the weather is a big issue, throws you out of certain things, but it throws Colerain out of certain things as well and you see what you can do. I thought in the second half -- I thought we had some opportunities in the first half we just couldn't capitalize, made some mistakes -- but I thought when we went tempo in the fourth quarter we were moving the ball, they had a lot of guys going both ways ... I think they started getting a little bit tired. But, we were able to catch the ball and I give all the credit in the world to our receivers who did a tremendous job tonight catching a wet ball; Chase, who did a great job throwing a wet ball; our offensive line did a tremendous job of protecting. We cleaned some things up. We got better this week which is most important of all. We got a lot of work in front of us, but we did get better today. I'm real proud of them for that."
With most of the field cleared, rain still running from above, Wolf, who had just complimented his defense for their performance which also improved late in the game, smiled and said, "It was fun. Very fun. That's all I can say."
St. Xavier (2-0) hosts Walnut Hills in Week 3, while Colerain (0-2) enters into its Greater Miami Conference schedule with a trip to Middletown.
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What are the benefits of consuming colostrum?
Home > Public Resource > Colostrum Information > Colostrum F.A.Q > What are the benefits of consuming colostrum?
Colostrum has been reported to have many health benefits to the human body. Below is a list of health benefits commonly reported in the literature. Click on any health issue to find out more.
Inflammatory conditions are a major source of pain, including arthritis, colitis and other similar conditions. Colostrum has anti-inflammatory activity which can reduce inflammation, thus helping reduce the pain due to these conditions.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) receptors in colostrum bind TNF-α, a cytokine which controls the inflammatory cytokine cascade, effectively turning off inflammation at its source.
Colostrum also contains interleukin-1ra (IL-1ra), the IL-1 receptor protein, which also acts to inactivate the inflammatory activity of IL-1.
Colostrum has been shown to be beneficial to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as various forms of arthritis and Crohn's disease, which have been linked to gut inflammation.
Lactoferrin has strong antioxidant characteristics which take place by two separate mechanisms: binding catalytic iron generated during cell destruction; and binding bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which causes a decrease in LPS bioactivity, such as increasing neutrophil O2 production.
Lactoferrin also inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines.
Proline rich peptides (PRP) also acts as an oxidative stress regulator.
Allergies in humans are the result of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) production by the body in response to a foreign protein to which the body has become sensitized. Colostrum can help desensitize the body to allergens by helping to suppress IgE expression.
Colostrum contains IgE binding factors which suppress IgE expression (IgE is the immunoglobulin involved in allergic reactions) and act to prevent or inhibit allergic reactions.
As the number of senior citizens increases with improved health care and longer life expectancy, the effects of Alzheimer's disease will continue to take a toll on our health system and our senior citizens. Colostrum contains components which have been shown to benefit those suffering from this debilitating condition.
Of 15 Alzheimer's patients receiving PRP in a clinical trial, 8 showed clinical improvement and the rest stabilized, whereas of those receiving selenium or a placebo, none showed improvement.
Phosphatidylserine, has been shown to be of benefit when given to patients suffering from Alzheimer's or senile dementia.
Colostrum reduces ferricytochrome C and suppresses myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), activities which are important in the mediation of acute inflammatio.
There are numerous forms of arthritis, from osteoarthritis to autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis which arise from many different causes. The common denominator between all the different forms of arthritis, however, is an inflammation of the joints which causes extreme pain and deformation of the joint structure. Colostrum is a powerful anti-inflammatory compound which can significantly benefit arthritis sufferers, and it can help heal inflammation of the gut which has been linked to some forms of arthritis.
Some forms of arthritis and arthritic conditions have been linked to increased intestinal permeability, which colostrum helps heal.
Colostrum or its components have been used to treat forms of arthritis which manifest an inflamed gut.
Colostrum has been shown to help asthma sufferers as it tones down the allergic response which brings on the asthma attacks.
Lactoferrin inhibits tryptase, an enzyme secreted by mast cells and implicated as a potential causative agent of asthma, and when given to allergic sheep which serve as an animal model of asthma, abolished late-phase bronchoconstriction.
Colostrum is well-known in the athletic community as a means to increase lean body mass without the dangerous side effects found in steroids. It also helps keep the athlete healthy by accelerating the healing of athletic injuries and boosting the immune system, which becomes depressed after extreme exercise.
Colostrum supplementation produces a significant increase in lean body mass compared to whey.
Colostrum supplementation increases anaerobic power, performance time, and sprint performance when compared to whey.
Athletes have increased susceptibility to infectious diseases following strenuous exercise, and colostrum boosts immunity, helps heal leaky gut syndrome and decreases recovery time in athletes.
Marathon runners, who experience a significantly higher incidence or upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in the weeks leading up to and following a marathon, had a much lower rate of URI when receiving colostrum supplementation as compared to placebo.
When given colostrum, serum IGF-1 levels increase even though the ingested IGF-1 in colostrum is not absorbed and supplementation with colostrum does not produce positive results for IGF-1 in drug tests.
IGF-1 when taken in its natural form is not banned by the International Olympic Committee, whereas synthetic forms are. Colostrum is a natural source of IGF-1.
Autoimmune diseases are the result of an overactive immune system which begins to produce antibodies to the body's own proteins. PRP, a unique substance found only in colostrum, has the ability to tone down the overactive immune system to normal levels. Colostrum also contains components which can alleviate the symptoms found in various autoimmune disorders, particularly those with inflammation of some body organ.
Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease respond to the anti-inflammatory components of colostrum.
PRP has therapeutic value in treating autoimmune diseases through its immunomodulatory effects and may be able to stimulate the formation of specific suppressor cells which inhibit the development of these diseases.
A clinical study showed that patients with multiple sclerosis who received anti-measles bovine colostrum showed significant improvement in their condition versus those who received non-anti-measles colostrum.
Animal studies have been suggestive that lactoferrin, one of the principal proteins found in colostrum, may help prevent or shrink cancers. Colostrum also contains milk fats which have been shown to be anticarcinogenic.
Lactoferrin prevents colon, bladder, tongue, esophagus and lung cancers and lung metastasis in animal models. The underlying mechanisms are under study but appear to be related to lactoferrin's ability to boost immune system function.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and other fats found in colostrum and milk have also been shown to anticarcinogenic properties.
Traditionally, what detoxification means to most people is taking a powerful herbal concoction which causes the body to dump fluids, thus flushing the system of impurities and toxins. From the point of view of colostrum, however, this is a limited and potentially dangerous concept of detoxification that puts unneeded stress on the body and can do more harm than good. Colostrum detoxifies the body beginning in the gastrointestinal tract in a much healthier and efficacious manner. Colostrum inhibits or destroys harmful pathogens which can colonize the gut and cause major health problems, such as Helicobacter pylori, the main cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers, Candida albicans, a fungus which can overgrow the intestines, forcing out beneficial bacteria, and many others, while promoting the growth of beneficial bacterial colonies. Colostrum also acts to heal the damage to the intestinal lining caused by the pathogens and toxins which can accumulate there. This prevents pathogens and toxins from entering the body and restores normal gut functioning. Colostrum also helps protect and heal both the liver and the pancreas from the effects of toxins in the body by helping to remove dangerous toxins and by stimulating these organs to replace damaged tissue.
Colostrum kills H. pylori, a major cause of gastritis and ulcers.
Bovine colostrum eradicates many dangerous pathogens from the bowel and heals intestinal erosions and ulcerations.
Colostrum protects the gut from infection as IgA within the colostrum protects mucosal lining.
Lactoferrin inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and harmful bacteria.
Supplementation with colostrum can protect the liver from the toxic effects of hepatitis, cirrhosis, toxic liver cell damage, fibrosis of the liver, inflammation of the liver, fatty liver, and other liver diseases by removing excess toxic protein metabolites, such as ammonia, formed from the breakdown of liver cells, enabling the liver to improve its ability to detoxify these substances on its own. In addition, colostrum supplementation helps prevent portal hypertension, which can have drastic neurological effects.
IGF-1 and IGF-II, both found in colostrum, can be given orally to prevent and treat pancreatic disorders as well as to promote pancreatic growth in cases of pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis or partial removal of the pancreas.
IGF-1, a growth factor which closely resembles insulin, has been shown to help prevent diabetes in those susceptible to developing it. IGF-1 is present in colostrum in large quantities.
Autoimmune diabetes (type I diabetes) has been linked to leaky gut and an overactive gut immune system.
IGF-1 stimulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle but not in obesity or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
IGF-1 delays the clinical onset of diabetes, reduces the occurrence of beta cell destruction, and reduces the likelihood of the occurrence of clinical diabetes when administered to those at risk of developing type I diabetes. Combining the IGF-1 with IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been found to be even more effective.
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy, a condition found in diabetics in which nerve cells of the autonomic nervous system die, may be ameliorated by IGF-1, which has a neuroprotective effect that prevents damage to neurons from the high glucose levels in the blood that are associated with poorly controlled diabetes.
An increasingly large body of evidence shows that dairy products in general, and colostrum in particular, are excellent heart health foods, particularly for those with high blood pressure.
Insulin and IGF-I (both found in colostrum) relax coronary arteries, which decreases the blood pressure in the coronary arteries.
Proteins and peptides as well as other substances found in colostrum and milk help lower blood pressure, especially when consumed with a low-fat, high fruit and vegetable diet.
Chronic, severe pain which cannot be related to any specific injury or disease process in the body is becoming increasingly common, and the management of such pain has proven elusive. Good results, however, have been gained by using immunoglobulin concentrated from bovine colostrum and given intravenously, though the exact mechanism of why this treatment works is as yet unknown.
Immunoglobulins pooled from bovine colostrum have been used intravenously for the treatment of chronic pain without anatomical correlate.
Colostrum is a natural for good skin health. It contains all that is needed to maintain healthy skin and reduce wrinkles. It helps maintain skin health both from the inside, by healing leaky gut syndrome and through its antioxidant effect, and externally by healing skin inflammation and stimulating cell growth.
Colostrum helps heal leaky gut syndrome, an abnormal condition which allows unwanted pathogens and toxins into the body, which then may cause skin eruptions as the body attempts to remove them.
Lactoferrin's role as an antioxidant helps clean up free radicals which can cause skin aging changes.
Lactoferrin applied topically can inhibit local inflammatory responses in the skin by regulating the expression of TNF-α.
Growth factors found in colostrum, such as epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), help maintain healthy skin by replacing damaged tissue and can accelerate wound healing, while a lack of IGF-1 retards wound healing.
Skin becomes thin with aging due to a reduction in growth factors with age; IGF-1 supplementation can help restore skin thickness.
Ceramide, the predominant lipid in the skin and a metabolite of sphingomyelin, one of the phospholipids found in colostrum and BIO-lipid, is important for both water retention and permeability barrier function; decreased levels of ceramide are associated with dermatitis and dry skin conditions.
Sphingosines, which are also metabolites of sphingomyelin, also are important in maintaining the barrier function of the skin against pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, and can even be used as topical antiseptics.


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News | From the archives (1)
The right of property in inventions
Our first leader on patents from 1851
WE ARE challenged by some observations in the Morning Chronicle of Wednesday to resume the consideration of the claims of inventors. We have as strong a desire as our contemporary, or as the Committee of the Society of Arts, whose views he expounds, that genius should meet its appropriate rewards—that invention should be encouraged—that discoverers of useful things should be honoured—that no thought permanently beneficially should be lost; but we cannot, therefore, conclude that inventors should have a monopoly for a limited period of certain published thoughts and plans, which they may have been the first to conceive.
The question—we beg it may be recollected—is first of all one of abstract right, on which certain influential parties propose to found and build a system of legislation. They are, and we readily admit justly, indignant at our present Patent Laws; and they ask, in place of them, to have a specific law, similar to the laws which exist in France, in the United States, in the Netherlands, in Belgium, Austria, and Spain, to declare and protect the rights of inventors. We take up the subject, therefore, without any immediate reference to existing interests or popular feelings, which, we are inclined to believe, contrary to an assertion of the Committee, are against us, and solely as a question concerning what the Committee calls "natural right". A new system of legislation is proposed, having no precedent amongst us, which can only be tested by general principles, and to them we confine ourselves.
The Committee has no definite ideas of the rights of inventors. It does not describe nor define them. It complains that a "British subject has no rights of property whatever in that intellectual labour which produces invention or scientific discovery." It calls continually "the rights of inventors" "the rights of property in invention," but it nowhere explains in what they consist. Numerous legislative "efforts have been made to define invention," "to determine what shall be considered inventions," which have not resulted in any satisfactory definitions. The whole subject is, therefore, as the Committee practically admits, unsettled. It is surrounded with difficulties which the Committee has done nothing to remove. That body sums up by saying, "it would thus appear that it is simply the business of the State to provide an easy means of registration of claims;" according to which all the rights of inventors consist in having such an easy means provided for them.
The Committee is as much at a loss to explain the origin of inventors' rights, as to define them. It speaks of "granting rights to them," and of "recognising such rights." Between the two there is an essential difference. The former implies that the rights are derived from the grantors; the latter, that they are inherent in the inventors. Which does the Committee and the Chronicle, which quotes the passage, mean the public to adopt? If the latter be true, and the inventors have inherent natural rights of property in inventions, like the right of a man to own the fish he catches in the ocean, it will be only necessary to describe them, and require the public to recognise and the State to guarantee them.
It in incorrect to speak of the mental process of invention, when made public, as property, and describe the appropriation of an idea, when put into words or realised in iron, brass or wood, as robbery. That is, however, the gist of the whole dispute. If a right of property be established, the question is at once decided. The great, the first, the chief duty of the State is to protect property, and if men can have a right of property in their ideas, conceptions, and inventions, as they have in the wild beasts they catch or the soil they till, it will be the duty of all other men to respect that right, and of the State to protect and enforce It. But if there be no such right of property, it would be destructive of property to confound with it the claims of inventors; and, for the sake of property, we must defend the opinions we have already expressed.
Property is exclusive. It implies, too, a material substance that can be taken away. It confines the use of the thing possessed to the owner. In its exclusiveness consist its advantages. Of what use would a field be to me which every other man might till, and gather the fruit? Or how could I profit by the fish or wild animal I had caught if every other person might share it with me? Exclusive use is the one essential idea of property.
The very reverse is true of inventions. They are of no avail till they are disclosed. They are profitable, useful, beneficial, as they are shared. As long as they bear the character of exclusiveness, or are confined to the one head into which they "have walked," they are merely an amusement or pleasure to the possessor, and can only become advantageous, productive, and profitable by being published. As long as they are, like property, exclusively possessed by the Inventor, no legislation can interfere with them; it is only when they cease to be property that they become known to other men, or fall within the possible domain of legislation. Realised in any substance, be it a sheet of paper, a piece of muslin, or a mass of iron, the substance becomes property, and to despoil the inventor of it would be a gross injustice. But in the vast majority of cases the profit of at invention flows from its being used. Nothing is the inventor so proud of and as delighted with as that other people should use his invention. Property is individual. Its advantages consist in its being exclusive—confined to the owner; the advantages of a useful invention in being diffused and shared to the greatest possible extent. The two are distinct in all their attributes; and inventors are more likely to shake the foundations of property, than secure wealth to themselves, by confounding it with what cannot be made property of.
The Committee state, as reasons why rights should be granted to inventors—that they are not already recognised, that unless they are recognised, inventors will keep their inventions secret, and they will die with them. They will want, also, motives for inventing. That is not a description of natural right. Such a right is generally or universally recognised, and continually urges men—as the slave to obtain his freedom, the despoiled serf to acquire property—to make it valid, and to overact all the contrivances and all the institutions that are opposed to it. The Committee practically admits, by its complaints, that as soon as an invention is made public it ceases to belong to the inventor; it is only property as long as it is confined to his brain; and therefore it asks that the exclusive privilege of using it, or of making other men pay for the use of it, should be granted to the inventor. The second form of expression is, therefore, the correct one. Invention gives no natural right of property to the ideas and plans of the inventor, and the Committee properly supplicates the Legislature to grant inventors a right of property in their inventions. That carries the question out of the domain of right, and makes it one of policy, only to be fairly discussed when all the conditions of the proposed grant are placed fully before the public.
Inventors, then, ask for privileges; they cannot demonstrate their right, nor can they give any palpable and clear definition of the privileges they claim. Sometimes they ask to be guaranteed against other men using what they have discovered or invented for fourteen years, sometimes for twenty-eight. That is, other men are to be prohibited from doing what they have done for chose periods. At the same time they state no facts from which any general rule can be deduced. The complete monopoly of a taking pattern for a lady's gown, might in two seasons bestow an immense fortune on the lucky inventor; while a monopoly of twenty-eight years might not satisfy the inventor of a calculating machine, that if worth anything could only come slowly into use. What inventors want, are privileges to secure them money; they aspire, by the help of the Legislature, to tax men for using that which Nature makes common to all the instant it is published. Such privileges may, us the Committee say, prevent secrets being carried to the grave with inventors, and may make a community, or individuals, perform the labour of invention over and over again—though both assertions seem rather the product of imagination than the observation of facts; but the demand to have them is as completely and pecuniarily selfish as anything ever put forth under the mask of patriotism.
The privileges are prohibitions on other men; and the history of inventions accordingly teems with accounts of trifling improvements patented, that have put a stop, for a long period, to other similar and much greater improvements. It teems, also, with accounts of improvements carried into effect the instant some patents had expired. The privileges have stilled more inventions than they have promoted, and have caused more brilliant schemes to be put aside than the want of them could ever have induced men to conceal. Every patent is a prohibition against improvements in a particular direction, except by the patentee, for a certain number of years; and, however beneficial that may be to him who receives the privilege, the community can be no more benefited by it than by the Pope prohibiting the Catholic public from reading Mr Vericour's book. If it secure to one inventor pecuniary advantages, it imposes mental restrictions on others. On all inventors it is especially a prohibition to exercise their faculties; and in proportion as they are more unanimous than one, it is an impediment to the general advancement, with which it is the duty of the Legislature not to interfere, and which the claimers of privileges pretend at least to have at heart.
To whom shall belong the great natural advantages of inventions—the question at issue—is a very important problem; but not to be solved by inventors claiming them all for themselves. Nor is it to be solved by them exclusively. The difficulty of defining an invention, and separating it from other inventions, shows that of every invention a great part of it already belongs to the public. Were legislation to attempt to distribute these advantages, its efforts would be as vain as to attempt to regulate the winds. The proposal to limit them for a season to inventors is in opposition to the whole course of Nature. She is perpetually diffusing knowledge. She makes it common, and spreads it from man to man, and from nation to nation. It is increased, too, in the individuals, or becomes more correct and extensive in each, even in inventors, as it is diffused through the whole. Either to limit these advantages, or to regulate them, or pretend to distribute them—a certain portion to the inventors, and a certain portion to the public—lies far beyond the functions or the power of any Legislature.
Inventors, like other men, want the most they can get, and they have a right to get as much as they fairly can; but no law of patent, or otherwise, can determine their proper share: it mast be settled by the higgling of the market, by the ordinary laws of supply and demand. It is a question between them and other men, to be determined, as all other questions concerning the property that is continually created by labour, and is distributed by exchange, are determined. "Upon the intrinsic merits of an invention," the Committee says, "the public at large are the best and only judges." "If the exercise of inventive labour be useless and frivolous, the public are sure to pass it by with contempt." "Public wants," it also says, "are stronger than laws." While the Committee thus admits that the public is the best judge of the whole matter, and that its wants override all laws, it yet objects to trust the decision of the matter in the hands of the public and calls on the legislator to decide that the inventor must be enriched. It looks to his decision who has rarely or never settled any disputed right of property, to adjust the adverse interests of inventors and the public.
The fruits of scientific discovery or of useful inventions, never belong solely to the inventor; and how they shall be shared is one of those nice questions of property, which are every day arising, and are every day settled by mutual exchange. The inventors ask the Legislature to determine their share, or at least that they shall have a share. If the Legislature must settle in what proportions and manner these advantages must be shared, must it not also settle every other question of distribution? If it is to prohibit other men from making a tissue in a certain manner, or a knife in certain form, for a certain number of years, in order that the first lucky inventor of that mode of weaving, or giving that shape to a bit of steel, may acquire great wealth, must it not also secure to every skilful farmer, or skilful ploughman, or skilful merchant, by prohibiting other people from imitating his skill, the pecuniary rewards of his exertions, which, like those of the inventor, may be great in proportion as he receives the monopoly of this skill? No legislation has settled, or can settle, the manner in which all the new property that is continually created year after year, shall be distributed; and why, therefore, should it be called on to try and settle the share which inventors should have of the profit or advantages derived from inventions? It is destructive of the very essence of property, to make it depend on the will of the legislator. He represents the community; and to allow him to dispose of the property of individuals, is to substitute communism for property. If, instead of protecting property, he becomes its distributor, he is made, not the servant, but the master of society.
Our contemporary and the Committee claim privileges for inventors "because invention is not a chance finding, but the result of labour applied in a particular direction." Let inventors, then, like other men, bring the produce of their labour into the market, and let other men freely determine its value. But whether the conceptions of inventors be the result of earnest, well-directed mental labour, or whether they come spontaneously to the mind, it is obvious that to make them available, and be of the least pecuniary value to the inventor and to other men, a great many circumstances mast combine. They must be suitable to the knowledge and manners of society. They must be connected with a great many other inventions. The very conception of them, though it arises of necessity in some individual mind, is a part of the general knowledge of the community. The individual inventor is indebted for it to previous inventions; and to give effect to it, he must avail himself of numerous other inventions, and of knowledge of the community. Why, then, should he claim for himself all the advantages, or peculiar share of them, for himself? He claims, in fact, to exclude the community from the use of its own property—so far as there can be a property in knowledge—and to erect barriers against its further progress at present. This injury is done, as many other injuries are done, to aggrandise individuals. It is proposed to enrich one man, at the expense of the public, for working out some trifling improvement in the mighty whole of society, instead of allowing the public to decide what wealth and what honour he deserves. If we have not misread the history of spinning machinery, the family of the Arkwrights was enriched by patents that gave to them a monopoly of knowledge, a great part of which belonged to the public, having been discovered and made known by Hargreaves. To give an inventor such a privilege, under the pretence of encouraging invention, is an injustice to individuals and the community.
The Committee put this case,—"Let it be assumed that a baker has an invention, which is such an improvement in baking that he not only produces equally good bread, but has invented a mode which enables him to make three loaves where other bakers made only two. Now the public desire to obtain from him, not only his good bread, but likewise his mode, by which they are enabled to get it cheaper. The purchase of the bread may reward him, but the public want the certainty that they can always have the bread as cheap, not that they shall return to dear bread when the inventor dies. On the one side it is the inventor's interest to keep his process to himself, and not, by disclosing it, share his reward with others: on the other side, the public want to know the process. The problem, therefore, to be solved is to make these adverse interests one: and the solution Is obtained by the public consenting to assure to the inventor a certain limited sole use of his invention in consideration of his disclosing it."
The consequence of granting the "certain limited sole use," is to stop for that period all improvements on that process; the consequence of not granting it would be that the ingenuity of all competing bakers and other men, who might hope to share the baker's profits, would be tasked to discover the fortunate baker's improved method, and the probability is that it would be discovered. Nay, it is morally certain that a number of other methods, superior to his, would also be discovered. The discovery of such methods is stopped by the means proposed to secure the knowledge of his discovery, and improvements are checked by the grant of an exclusive privilege to the discoverer. It stops, as the Committee says, the laborious process of invention, which, if it be sometimes a repetition of what has before been invented, must oftener lead to other and greater discoveries and superior inventions.
Our contemporary and we differ in our views of the contrasted cases he quotes of the Marquis of Worcester and Mr Watt. In the time of the former, there existed neither a great demand for manual labour in factories and other town employments, nor were there a great many skilful workmen, such as smiths, engineers, moulders, &c.; steam-engines were not wanted, nor were there the means of manufacturing them, and the imperfect invention of the Marquis of Worcester remained only a memorial of human capacity—a toy to he wondered at, rather than a machine for altering the face of the globe. Watt had the advantage of the Marquis of Worcester's discovery, he also know what Savary and Newcomen and others had done; steam-engines had actually come into use before Watt improved them, or rather re-invented the machine. There was then—mainly in consequence of the increase of people in America—a great demand by middle-class capitalists, not connected with the land, for such contrivances to abridge manual labour; they were remunerative; there were also in the country many ingenious founders and smiths, ready to make the machines that Watt invented, and all these circumstances—parts of society over which Watt had not the smallest control—rendered his invention practicable and valuable, brought it into general use, and designated the era in which he lived by the name of his wonderful contrivance. We no more think of denying the merit of Watt than the merit of Shakespeare; at the same time his success and the failure of the Marquis—if he can be said to have failed—were the consequences of two different conditions of society, for which one man had no right to any reward, nor could the other be blamed.
Society has, in fact derived infinitely greater benefits from the use of the steam-engine—which is not confined to England, but spread over the whole world—than the family of Mr Watt derived from it. The invention was part of the general progress, and Mr Watt was not only a great inventor, he was a fortunate man in having lived in the 18th instead of the 17th century. His invention was made without any reference to patent laws, and the steam-engine would no doubt have been more rapidly improved than it was had the mind of the community—to which Mr Watt was so much indebted—not been debarred by his privileges from immediately engaging in improving and perfecting the invention. We disclaim all hostility to inventors—we wish them to be encouraged and rewarded by the public; but we think they ought to find their rewards, like other men, in the common markets of the world, not in privileges which are wrongs to the community from which they derive most of their knowledge.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Why Justin Ahrens has been underrated as Ohio State basketball evolves into national title contender
Ohio State forward Justin Ahrens shoots against Maryland during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game, Monday, Feb. 8, 2021, in College Park, MdAP
Stephen Means, cleveland.com
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Justin Ahrens is shooting 47.9 percent from the 3-point line this season for an Ohio State basketball team ranked No. 4 in the country by the Associated Press.
That's an absurd number, and he'd be ninth in the nation if he was a more volume shooter and qualified for it. His shooting seems to pop up in a storyline at least once a year, but it's usually less about his efficiency and more about how it was constantly the missing piece of which head coach Chris Holtmann couldn't take advantage.
The issue was more about coaching philosophy than whether Ahrens could actually help a team which, for the past two seasons, shot a combined 34.9 percent from three-point range, with its best shooter being a 6-foot-9, 270-pound big man.
It didn't matter how valuable of an asset Ahrens' shooting was if he couldn't stop someone on defense.
I don't love the whole 'Welp, he struggles defensively, but coach remember threes are more than twos,' I don't buy that," Holtmann said. "I can't stand it when I hear that. It's not like I'm trying to give up twos either."
That philosophy is why Ahrens didn't see significant playing time as a freshman until the Buckeyes were playing for their NCAA Tournament lives, heading into a home game against No. 22 Iowa during the 2018-19 season. He'd played 136 total minutes before that night and turned 30 minutes against the Hawkeyes into a career-high 29 points. All but one of his seven makes were from three-point range, and he was 9-for-9 at the free-throw line. He had a role in three more games before falling out of the rotation for good with a 3.2 scoring average and 39% from the arc.
The same happened during the 2019-20 campaign. He'd played a total of 141 minutes in 14 games before Ohio State traveled to Northwestern. His performance wasn't as loud — or significant — as what he did as a freshman, but it showed that OSU had options. That roster needed shooting badly. Ahrens (2.9 points, 41.9% FG, 40.4% 3FG) was the only player with the ability to provide it. The problem was that he was still a liability everywhere else.
That's changed in Year 3.
"His attention to detail has been good," Holtmann said. "He's been a talker, a communicator. In the scouting report, he's had a high level of attention to detail. He did not have that his first year. He did not have that his first year and a half. He just didn't. He understands that if he's going to be a good defender, a defender that can be out on the floor for consistent minutes, he has to be an elite team defender. That's what he's gotta continue to do."
Ahrens is never going to be an elite lockdown defender. That's not his game. But developing into a decent team defender who opposing teams can pick on has allowed Holtmann to take advantage of the reason he brought him to Columbus as a three-star recruit in the first place. He's made at least one three in all but three games this season — one of which he only played for one minute — and during this 8-1 stretch, he's making 2.8 of his 6.1 attempts per game. He's averaging 7.2 points, 48.5% from the field and 47.9% from deep for the season.
"You're always aware of him when he's that proficient," Holtmann said. "We've coached against a few that are in the rhythm that he's in, but he's been in that rhythm for a better part of a month and a half, two months."
That's a weapon Ohio State didn't have the past two seasons, which is why playmakers C.J. Walker and Duane Washington Jr. didn't have the necessary space to operate. The lack of shooting stagnated an offense that generally played through the post.
E.J. Liddell does still see the occasional double team, as he did in a 73-65 win over Maryland, limiting him to seven points. But the double teams can no longer be constant.
"You're just always aware of (Ahrens), so it stretches your defense, and it makes your attention to detail have to be so high level," Holtmann said. "Our guys have done a good job finding him."
So here we are again with another story about how important Ahrens can be if he's also trusted as a defender. But this time it's different.
He was placed into the starting lineup when Walker went down with a hand injury and played so well that he remained there when Walker came back. The past two years, he shot so well that you had to at least consider putting him on the court. This year, he's shooting so well that you'd be crazy to even think about taking him off it.
One of the keys to putting together a championship-level basketball team is having players who can be a star in their role. By shooting almost 50 percent from the three-point line while showing improvement on the defensive end, Ahrens is productive enough to help a legitimate national championship contender.
"Justin's a very good shooter," Washington Jr. "(I'm) confident in him knocking them down. We tell him to always be ready and he has a great confidence so they're gonna go up and go in."
More Buckeyes coverage
Lions' Jeff Okudah among top donors to GoFundMe for 5-year-old critically injured in Britt Reid car crash
Ohio State basketball rises to No. 4 in the Associated Press Top 25 Poll
Damari Alston, four-star RB, says Ohio State will be the first place he visits: Buckeyes Recruiting
Tennessee reportedly targeting Ohio State linebackers coach Al Washington as defensive coordinator
Former Ohio State football player Chase Young named Associated Press NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year
What Ohio State football's quarterback competition can learn from J.T. Barrett's 2014 example
Ohio State football's 2021 schedule shuffles due to widespread Big Ten revisions
Buy Buckeyes gear: Fanatics, Nike, Amazon, Lids


Does it amount to just buying votes?
Before leaving his "surgery" Dr Brendan Nelson has gifted the nation with his last professional diagnostic opinion on Malcolm Turnbull.
The Trade Minister Simon Crean is set to challenge the nation's marketing agencies to come up with a slogan, image or logo that best exemplifies Australia and will promote it overseas.
What do you think the slogan should be?
All aboard, the party is about to start especially if you are a member of the National or Liberal Party.
There's a party tonight and every night and while membership is free there might be some cost further down the line.
What was once solely a scientific/fact/warning to mankind has become a blunt political appratus for our leaders to prod each other with.
Or more realistically its become the weapon of choice for both sides.
Economic modelling made public by the federal Opposition Leader, Malcolm Turnbull, proposes a radically different emissions trading design that could achieve a 10 per cent reduction in carbon emissions by 2020 at a third of the cost of the Government's scheme, writes Tom Arup.
What do you think of the altered scheme?
We have in the not too distant past discussed Malcolm's foibles and even gone as far as to dissect his physical attributes.
Barack Obama: Space Cadet or True Hero?
Thats one small step for an American President one giant leap forward for the United States (Earth).
Annabel Crabb's opinion piece is not only jam packed with rich imagery but also delivers a completely new way of depicting the member for Kingsford Smith.
Did the right person win? What did you think of their dishes?
While Howard passed the test as does Tony Abbott, Peter Hartcher opines that our Prime Minister and this week's opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull would miserably fail any test of commitment.
Commitment to anything even remotely resembling even a lukewarm Ideological belief.
The NSW Premier Nathan Rees has confessed he thinks the idea of a panther roaming western Sydney is more than just an urban myth.
What do you think - do you believe it is out there?
It's revision time in more ways than one.
In what might be an unpalatable concept to punters from both sides of politics, Peter Hartcher draws a favourable comparison between Peter Costello and Paul Keating.
Barry O'Farrell has defended himself against a growing chorus of Liberals at odds with his opposition to publishing school league tables.
What do you think, should school league tables be published?
Here are some of your views.


Probiotics are supplements containing live bacterial strains. Bacteria can be both good and bad. Good bacteria live inside the human body and affect numerous processes. Sometimes, poor nutrition, illness and treatments with certain medications can disturb the bacterial balance or kill off all the beneficial microorganisms. This is when a probiotic supplement will come in handy.
A probiotic supplement contains live bacterial strains. When the capsules are ingested, the bacteria travel down the digestive tract. They go past the stomach and eventually reach the gut. This is where the beneficial bacteria begin to multiply and form colonies. As their numbers increase, the good bacteria begin controlling and preventing the growth of pathogens. This is when the health improvements will be experienced.
Probiotics are beneficial for just about everyone. They're particularly suitable for the individuals that feel digestive distress and the ones that suffer from a compromised immune response.
There are probiotics for adults and probiotics for kids. Probiotics are great after a treatment with antibiotics. If you're not sure whether probiotics are the right option for you, talk to your doctor. Many physicians already recommend the use of probiotics for faster recovery.
What Health Improvements Will They Produce?
How Do You Choose The Best Probiotic Supplement?
The bacterial strains that supplements contain and the concentration (CFU) are two of the most important factors to consider when buying such products.
There's a lot of online information. It's easy to figure out what each strain of beneficial bacteria does and whether it would be capable of addressing the particular problem you're dealing with.
Taking probiotics doesn't cause serious side effects. In the very beginning, you may experience some digestive discomfort as the beneficial bacteria colonies are being replenished.
Some people experience bloating and flatulence during the first few days of taking probiotics. These problems will soon disappear and digestive health will improve significantly.
Can't I Just Get Beneficial Bacteria From Food?
If you've done your research, you probably know that many of the beneficial bacteria that probiotic supplements contain are also found in foods. Some of the best foods that are sources of such microorganisms include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, microalgae, miso soup, pickles and tempeh.
These foods don't contain enough of the beneficial bacteria. In addition, if yogurt has been pasteurized, all of the microorganisms it contains are killed in the process.
Going for a supplement will give you a much higher concentration and help you make sure that you're getting all of the beneficial bacteria your body needs.
How Fast Do Probiotics Produce Results?
The answer depends on a number of factors. The degree to which the gut flora has been disturbed is the first and the most important one. If all of the beneficial bacteria have been killed, it will take some time for the colonies to get reestablished.
Some people see health improvements within days of starting a probiotic supplement. For others, it will take a couple of weeks until digestive health and immunity improve significantly.
Can Probiotics Be Taken With Medications Or Other Supplements?
The beneficial bacteria found in probiotics don't interact with pharmaceuticals, vitamins and minerals.
If you'd like to boost your immune response and feel better, you should definitely consider combining a probiotic supplement with a product that contains essential vitamins and minerals. Ask your doctor for a product recommendation.
Bowtrol Probiotic: Is It Possible To Restore Your Digestive Balance And Improve Your Health With This Product?
KeyBiotics Supplement – How Does It Work And Should You Give It A Try?
Perfect Biotics & Keybiotics: How Do They Compare?
Facts And Myths: Can Probiotics Reduce The Risk Of Cancer?
A Modern Guide To Herbal Remedies: What Is Turkey Rhubarb Root?
Cascara Sagrada For Constipation: How Does It Work?
Giving Kids Probiotics? Yes, One Of The Best Things You Can Do For Them!


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Will the US consider a FOURTH COVID vaccination? Speculation mounts that yet another shot is on the horizon to deal with soaring Omicron cases after Pfizer CEO backed them, with Germany and Israel both preparing to roll them out
Speculation is mounting that the United States could offer people a fourth COVID vaccine shot in the coming months as the Omicron variant surges.
Israel and Germany are both on the verge of rolling out another injection, weeks after Pfizer's US-based CEO said that a fourth jab of his firm's COVID-19 vaccination would be needed sooner than a year after the first booster as he'd originally envisioned, because of the Omicron variant.
Cases caused by the super-infectious variant continue to rocket in the US, with Johns Hopkins University reporting 238,378 new cases on Thursday, and 2,204 deaths.
Pfizer CEO Albert Boula has already said that a fourth dose could be needed one year after the third booster dose, but told CNBC earlier this month that time frame may need to be shortened as the Omicron variant spreads throughout the United States.
'When we see real-world data, [that] will determine if the Omicron is well covered by the third dose and for how long,' Boula told CNBC's Squawk Box earlier this month. 'And the second point, I think we will need a fourth dose.'
He noted, however, that he believes the third booster shot 'will give very good protection.'
Other experts say a fourth jab will not solve the United States' COVID wave, even as they warn that the virus could infect 140 million people between January and March - 60 percent of all Americans.
Dr. Paul Offit, the director of vaccine education at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and a member of the FDA advisory panel on vaccines said that while a fourth shot could help inoculated Americans temporarily fend off mild cases by increasing their antibody levels, the biological defenses offered by the first two COVID shots are what allows the body to fight off severe illness, hospitalization and death.5
Preliminary data from both drug companies shows that both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines provide about 70 per cent protection from Omicron and higher levels against earlier strains.
'Further protecting the already protected is not the problem,' Offit told the Boston Globe. 'The problem is figuring out a way to protect the unvaccinated.
'They're the ones who are coming to the hospital. They're the ones who are dying and spreading the virus.'
According to data from the Centers for Disease Control, just 72.8 percent of all eligible Americans had received their first COVID dose by Wednesday, and 61.7 percent are fully vaccinated.
And of those who are eligible for a booster shot, just 30 percent have received one.
'I don't think we can keep vaccinating people every couple months,' said Dr. Shira Doran, an infectious disease specialist at Tufts Medical Center. 'People will accept it less and less in this country because of how much mistrust there is and how hard it has been to get people to act in the first place.'
Questions remain in the United States about whether a fourth COVID vaccine will be necessary amid a surge in new infections from the Omicron surge. A nurse is seen here giving Lana Sellers a booster shot in Florida
America is currently averaging 148,384 daily cases, a 23 percent increase from two weeks ago, and Omicron cases have increased by 19 percent day-over-day to about 2,084.
The new variant now accounts for 73 percent of new cases in the US and pushes Europe to the brink of fresh lockdowns.
But despite the gloomy outlook, recent British studies show the new variant is milder.
Imperial College London on Wednesday found that Omicron is 40 percent less likely to lead to serious illness than the Delta variant.
Another study by the University of Edinburgh suggested that the new variant could slash hospitalizations by as much as 65 percent.
Both studies underlined, however, the importance of vaccines with the Imperial study stating the risk of hospitalization for an unvaccinated person was just 10 percent lower for Omicron than with Delta.
People lined up outside a Covid-19 mass vaccination center at Rabin Square in Tel Aviv
Germany has ordered millions of extra doses of Covid vaccine and intends to offer another round of boosters
IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON: Researchers at Imperial College London found Omicron is 10 per cent less likely to cause hospitalization in someone who has never been vaccinated or previously infected with Covid than with Delta. Hospitalization is up to 20 per cent less likely in the general population — including those who have been infected or vaccinated — and 45 per cent less likely for at least a night
But overnight, Israel announced citizens over the age of 60 and medical teams would be eligible for a fourth Covid vaccine shot, with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett tweeting: 'The world will follow in our footsteps.'
Bennett, who has sought to drum up higher Israeli turnout for vaccines, welcomed the decision as 'great news that will help us overcome the Omicron wave that is spreading around the world'.
The Israeli government moved quickly against Omicron, barring foreigners from entering on November 25 and expanding a list of high-risk countries to which its citizens should not travel to include the United States this week.
On Tuesday, an Israeli hospital reported the country's first known death of a patient with Omicron, before amending the statement to say a final laboratory investigation had determined he was infected with the Delta variant.
Soroka Medical Center said the man, in his 60s and with serious pre-existing conditions, died on Monday, two weeks after he was admitted to a COVID-19 ward.
The Health Ministry said there were at least 340 known cases of Omicron in Israel as of Tuesday.
Israel said it will share its data with the UK on fourth doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for the over-60s, healthcare workers and those with lower immunity.
Professor Nadav Davidovitch, director of the School of Public Health at Ben Gurion University in Israel and a member of the Pandemic Expert Committee, said: 'We are seeing waning immunity, reflected in the reduction of antibodies and also in breakthrough infections, in people that got the third dose.
'It's a bit similar to the situation with the second dose several months ago. Due to this, some of us thought that those who are more than four months after their third dose ought to be vaccinated.'
Meanwhile in Germany, Health Minister Karl Lauterbach said on Wednesday that a fourth vaccination will be necessary in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic due to the more contagious Omicron variant.
He said that Germany has ordered 80million doses of the Pfizer/Biontech vaccine which targets Omicron and should arrive in Germany by May.
The country has also ordered 4million doses of the newly approved vaccine Novavax - seen as more acceptable to vaccine sceptics - and 11million doses of the new Valneva shot, which is waiting for marketing authorization.
The Novavax shots should come in January, he said, noting: 'An offensive booster campaign is our most important building block in the fight against Omicron.'
Germany has warned a fourth Covid vaccine will be needed to stop the spread of the contagious Omicron variant, health minister Karl Lauterbach (pictured) has warned
The news comes as President Joe Biden promised to deliver 500 million COVID tests to Americans - but hasn't even signed a contract to buy them or set up a website so that people can place orders.
'That's not a plan - it's a hope,' Jennifer Nuzzo, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, told The New York Time.
'If those tests came in January and February, that could have an impact, but if they are spread out over 10 to 12 months, I'm not sure what kind of impact it is going to have.'
It is not even known how many tests will be immediately available or how quickly they can be shipped out to American homes, according to new projections from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.
Amazon, Walgreens and CVS have already imposed limits on how many tests each customer can buy because of the surging demand.
Dr. Anthony Fauci has now urged Americans to disinvite unvaccinated people from Christmas gatherings as the fast-spreading COVID-19 Omicron variant fuels a surge in infections nationwide.
'We're dealing with a serious enough situation now that if there's an unvaccinated person, I would say, 'I'm very sorry, but not this time. Maybe another time when this is all over,'' said Fauci in an interview with MSNBC on Tuesday night.
The study by Imperial, one of Britain's leading universities, found that for someone who has been recently infected, the chance of hospitalisation was slashed by 69 per cent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated people.
The finding may explain why in South Africa — where up to 70 per cent of people have immunity from prior infection but only a quarter are jabbed — is seeing daily hospitalisations stall at less than 400.
Professor Neil Ferguson said: 'You can see in London, we are getting a lot more people hospitalised. Not for very long, probably not with very severe illness.
'And that's not a reflection of Omicron versus Delta — that was already true for Delta infections, that they're less severe than they were last year because there's a lot of immunity in the population.
'The challenge is, if there's enough of them it still poses quite a challenge to the NHS. We're not talking about anything like what we saw last year with over-flowing intensive care units and ventilator beds.'
The notoriously gloomy expert confirmed he expected the Omicron wave to be milder, with patients discharged from hospitals quicker and fewer Covid deaths, but warned there could still be significant pressure on the National Health Service (NHS).
He also warned that if infections are 40 per cent higher than they were with Delta then that could offset any reduction in severity.
The data came just moments after a similar study conducted in Scotland found the risk of being hospitalised with Omicron was 65 percent less than with Delta.
University of Edinburgh researchers said Omicron was as severe as Delta they would have seen around 47 people in hospital in Scotland, yet so far there are only 15.
Dr Jim McMenamin, the national Covid incident director for Public Health Scotland, labeled the findings a 'qualified good news story', but said that it was 'important we don't get ahead of ourselves'.
He said: 'The potentially serious impact of Omicron on a population cannot be underestimated.
'And a smaller proportion of a much greater number of cases that might ultimately require treatment can still mean a substantial number of people who may experience severe Covid infections that could lead to potential hospitalisation.'
But Professor Mark Woolhouse, of the University of Edinburgh, said it was heavily caveated at the moment. The data is based on a small number of cases and didn't have much data on those most at risk, the over 65s.
As COVID cases soar across the U.S., health experts have predicted things will get worse in 2022 as the Omicron variant is expected to cause 140 million new infections from January to March, infecting 60 percent of all Americans, the majority of which will be asymptomatic cases.
Researchers from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington updated their COVID-19 model and expect the virus to hit the US hard come January, peaking at 2.8 million new cases a day by January 28.
'We are expecting an enormous surge in infections ... so, an enormous spread of Omicron,' IHME director Dr. Chris Murray said told USA Today.
'Total infections in the U.S. we forecast are going from about 40 percent of the U.S. having been infected so far, to having in the next two to three months, 60 percent of the U.S. getting infected with Omicron.'
Despite the surge, experts believe the new infections will ultimately lead to fewer deaths and hospitalizations than the deadly Delta variant, as Omicron is believed to be a more infectious but less severe variant.


text:
2 miejscowości w Polsce:
 Srebrnica – wieś w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim, w pow. bydgoskim, w gminie Koronowo
 Srebrnica – wieś w woj. łódzkim, w pow. wieluńskim, w gminie Wieluń

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Podcast 900: Mingus@100 - Mingus the Composer
What can we say here that hasn't already been said about Charles Mingus, not one of a handful of true geniuses of the jazz world, but one of the towering figures in 20th century music as a whole. Having learned music and composition from classical figures, his career began in the groups of Louis Armstrong, Kid Ory and Lionel Hampton in the 1940's. His work would covered jazz history for another three decades, playing bebop with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, Money Jungle with Duke Ellington and Max Roach, and leading large and small groups through increasingly charged work. He was a pioneer off the bandstand as well, creating the Jazz Workshop as a means of allowing artists greater control over their work.
As a composer, his work reflected not just his voluminous experiences, but his sharp wit, political anger, and desire to open new and exciting ways to play music. That's the side of music we pay tribute to in Podcast 900, choosing some of my favorite Mingus tunes, performed by a wide variety of jazz musicians.
Dannie Richmond - "Fables of Faubus"
Aaron Seeber - "Duke Ellington's Sound of Love"
Pepper Adams - "Song with Orange"
Tierney Sutton - "The Dry Cleaner from Des Moines"
Blue Moods - "Peggy's Blue Skylight"
Larry Coryell - "Better Get Hit in Yo' Soul"
John Hebert - "Remember Rockefeller at Attica"
Akua Dixon - "Haitian Fight Song"
Kevin Mahogany - "Mingus Medley (Boogie Stop Shuffle - Jelly Roll - Good-Bye Pork Pie Hat)"
Stanley Clarke - "Good-Bye Pork Pie Hat"


With Paris Climate Talks Underway, Mayor de Blasio Announces NYC Clean Fleet - Launching the Largest Municipal Electric Vehicle Fleet in the U.S.
NEW YORK—With the United Nations Conference on Climate Change underway in Paris, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced today the launch of NYC Clean Fleet: a comprehensive plan to create the largest electric vehicle fleet of any U.S. city, cut municipal vehicle emissions in half by 2025 – and 80 percent by 2035 – and serve as a model for the private sector and other 21st century cities in fighting climate change.
NYC Clean Fleet is the latest in a series of ambitious but necessary climate initiatives outlined in Mayor de Blasio's OneNYC plan, with a long-term goal of reducing all greenhouse gas emissions across the city 80 percent by 2050.
Overall, the transportation sector accounts for nearly one-quarter of citywide greenhouse gas emissions. City-owned and operated vehicles account for approximately four percent of citywide transportation emissions, or 13 percent of the City government's emissions, creating the polluting equivalent of an 80 MW coal power plant.
The full NYC Clean Fleet plan is available here.
Replace approximately 2,000 fossil fuel sedans with plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), which, combined with the over 300 EVs currently on the road, would mean EVs will make up half of the City's non-emergency sedans and create the largest municipal electrical vehicle fleet in the United States and, potentially, the world. Sedans are the single largest category of vehicles in the City fleet, and this transition would reduce gasoline consumption by approximately 2.5 million gallons a year and reduce the City fleet's emissions by nine percent by 2025.
Expand the use of anti-idling, hybrid, and stop-start technologies in medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as sanitation trucks, to substantially reduce emissions and gasoline use while at rest. These technologies can reduce a vehicle's fuel consumption by up to 33 percent and total fleet emissions by five percent.
Increase the use of alternatives to traditional diesel fuels, including higher biodiesel blends, compressed natural gas, or renewable diesel, to displace the use of traditional diesel fuel in City vehicles by 2035. These diesel alternatives are estimated to reduce emissions by 34 percent.
Release a Request for Information for additional cutting-edge technology solutions for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles, including advanced battery EVs, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, compressed natural gas vehicles, and other clean fuels.
Adopt best-practices in fleet management that limit the usage of SUVs based on specific security or operational needs, promote eco-driving to optimize fuel efficiency through education and training, and expand the use of car and ride sharing to support more efficient vehicle use.
Partner with private and other government fleets, as well as non-profit groups, while leveraging City purchasing power, to serve as an example and galvanize greener fleets across all sectors.
The City will immediately move to implement NYC Clean Fleet, including through converting light-duty vehicles to EVs through the existing vehicle replacement cycle and identifying additional siting options for EV infrastructure.
Purchasing the new electric vehicles can be done without new operating expenditures, as the relatively marginal additional cost of EVs will be offset by fuel savings, reduced maintenance savings, and increased resale value.
The City expects relatively incremental capital costs over the next ten years to support necessary upgrades to electrical systems in support of new charging capacity.
"We are walking the talk. Cutting greenhouse gas emissions in our own fleet will also cut air pollutants that trigger asthma and other respiratory diseases. NYC is leading the way to show that the technology is here and the costs are manageable. Cities can show the world that cutting emissions does not at all have to be too hard when you use the tools of governance the right way. It's the right choice to make for future generations," said Nilda Mesa, Director of the Mayor's Office of Sustainability.
"NYC manages the largest and one of the greenest municipal fleets in the United States. DCAS has been working with City agencies to implement sustainable approaches including plug-in electric vehicles, hybrids, biodiesel, natural gas, and even solar units. We look forward to growing these efforts together and meeting these new ambitious targets," said Department of Citywide Administrative Services Commissioner Stacey Cumberbatch.
"On the heels of the UN Climate Conference, NYC, under Mayor de Blasio's leadership, is taking great steps with the launch of the NYC Clean Fleet initiative with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas admissions by 80 percent by 2050," said Council Member Ydanis Rodriguez, Chair of the Council's Transportation Committee. "In order to reduce the irreversible damage we have already done to Mother Earth we must take steps starting right here in our city."
Council Member Costa Constantinides, Chair of the Council's Environmental Protection Committee, said, "Cutting the emissions of our city vehicles in half by 2025 will bring us closer toward our goal of reducing our carbon emissions citywide by 80 percent by 2050. By replacing 2,000 fuel-burning cars with electric vehicles, creating the largest electric vehicle fleet in the country, we show the world that combating climate change requires bold solutions. Our city is a national and global leader in environmental protection and this policy will help our city serve as a role model in both the public and private sectors across the globe. As the climate change talks in Paris this month show, the stakes are higher than ever and it's clear that we need to be innovative if we are to keep our planet safe from the damaging effects of greenhouse gas emissions. I thank Mayor de Blasio for his bold vision on the sustainability of our city."
"Today's announcement is exciting for everyone who lives and breathes in New York City. The switch to electric vehicles will cut down on carbon emissions, and I'm particularly pleased the City will expand the use of anti-idling technology. I am grateful to Mayor Bill de Blasio for his leadership in getting New York City to reduce its impact on climate change," said Council Member Helen Rosenthal.
"The new NYC Clean Fleet is a laudable plan to create a cleaner and greener City for all residents. By cutting municipal car emissions in half by 2025, NYC is setting an example that can be followed by other cities across the country. Greenhouse gas emissions pose a real danger to the environment and society and we must do all that we can to limit their impact. This innovative plan is a step in the right direction," said Council Member Ritchie Torres.
Assembly Member Latrice Walker said, "As Chair of the New York State Subcommittee on Renewable Energy, I am pleased that New York City is exploring innovative ways to reduce toxic emissions and its impact on health care disparities. I look forward to working with Mayor de Blasio in an effort to protect our environment while supporting a clean energy economy".
Assembly Member Deborah J. Glick said, "I am thrilled that the Mayor has prioritized the environment through his announcement of Clean Fleet. Climate change is a real threat to New York and far too often environmental issues fall to the back burner. With such rapid advances in technology, there is no reason why we can't continue to do more to protect our environment. Clean Fleet is a great step towards the City's reduction of its carbon footprint and look forward to additional initiatives."
"New York is leading by example, thanks to Mayor de Blasio's initiative to cut municipal vehicle emissions in half by 2025," said Representative Carolyn B. Maloney. "Those of us who trust science more than marginal skeptics know that climate change is a serious threat and action must be taken. I am hopeful that talks in Paris will yield concrete action, and that the actions of progressive state and municipal governments will add to that effort. We must act locally, and act globally, and it's great that our Mayor takes the challenge to heart."
Representative Nydia M. Velázquez said, "Slowing climate change and preserving our planet requires collaborative efforts at all levels of government. This program will make great strides in reducing emissions and our city's carbon footprint and I'm pleased federal resources are helping New York City be a leader in this area."
"To create a climate-friendly transportation network, part of what is needed are the twin strategies of electric vehicles and a clean power supply. Mayor de Blasio's plan to create the nation's largest municipal electric vehicle fleet is a smart step along the road to a more sustainable transportation future," said Eric A. Goldstein, New York City Environment Director at the Natural Resources Defense Council.
"Smart, forward-thinking policy decisions like converting the majority of New York City's fleet to electric vehicles – combined with Mayor de Blasio's recent efforts to explore options for using 100 percent renewable energy to power City government buildings – will deliver tremendous benefits to New Yorkers, businesses and the environment. This effort is yet another great example of NYC's continued leadership in seeking innovative solutions to help build a more sustainable city," said Rory Christian, NY Clean Energy Director of the Environmental Defense Fund.
"WE ACT applauds Mayor de Blasio for his announcement of the NYC Clean Fleet initiative. This initiative puts New York City way ahead of the cities working on curbing climate change and sets the bar for others to follow. What's even better is that by replacing 2000 fossil fuel sedans with electric vehicles, the Mayor's plan will not only fight the climate crisis, but it will help millions in communities like East, Central and West Harlem and Washington Heights to breathe easier and have fewer asthma attacks. Well done!" said Cecil Corbin-Mark, Deputy Director WE ACT for Environmental Justice.
"We applaud Mayor de Blasio and the great City of New York for making this important electric vehicles commitment, the next step in the City's many recent bold climate commitments, that will slash greenhouse gas emissions in New York City and serve as a model worldwide," said Gina Coplon-Newfield, Director of the Sierra Club's Electric Vehicles Initiative.
"Moving toward electric vehicles is an essential part of the nation and the world's agenda to fight climate change. New York City's action today is of great significance, both substantively and symbolically," said Professor Michael B. Gerrard, Director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia Law School.


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What happened in 1066 and how did it change England?
Why 1066 is important?
What 1066 is famous for?
Who were the Normans 1066?
In 1066 William, duke of Normandy, invaded England, defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings and seized the kingdom for himself. Some of the troops who fought for him were foreign mercenaries and adventurers.
Why is 1066 significant?
On 14 October 1066 Duke William of Normandy defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. It remains one of the most famous events in English history. The Norman victory had a lasting political impact on England and coincided with cultural changes across Europe.
Why was Battle of Hastings important?
The Battle of Hastings was extremely important for the history of England as it completely changed who was in charge. The Anglo-Saxons had ruled the land for over 600 years since the Roman times. Now, the Normans had taken over, which meant big changes. That mixture would eventually become the English we know today.
The year 1066 is probably the best-known date in history — and marks the last successful invasion of England by force. The year 1066 is probably the best-known date in history — and marks the last successful invasion of England by force.
Why is the year 1066 so important?
Clearly 1066 was an extremely significant year in that it enabled this cascade of reform in England – William the Conqueror and his successors transformed England into a European power, rather than it merely being an outsider watching in.
The Normans (from the Latin Normanni and Old Norse for "north men") were ethnic Scandinavian Vikings who settled in northwest France in the early 9th century AD. They controlled the region known as Normandy until the mid 13th century. In 1066, the most famous of the Normans,…
Where did the Battle of Hastings happen?
The Battle of Hastings took place on 14th October 1066. Most historians believe that the battle was fought about 6 miles north-west of Hastings, near a village that is now known as Battle, in East Sussex.
Does coolant become acidic?
How do impurities affect refractive index?
How much should a 15-year-old weigh stone?
How many Final Fours has Duke won?
What type of oil does a 2003 Honda xr100r take?
How can a 12 year old get into acting?
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Home | Sitemap | Contact BBRB
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Through extensive community and expert input, NCI has identified salient guiding principles that define state-of-the-science biospecimen resource practices; promote biospecimen and data quality; and support adherence to ethical and legal requirements. These efforts have culminated in the publication of several documents including the NCI Best Practices for Biospecimen Resources ("NCI Best Practices") and our Biospecimen Evidence-Based Practices (BEBP) series. The documents outline the operational, technical, ethical, legal, and policy best practices for the collection, storage, and processing of biospecimens. Recommendations contained within these documents are intended to be adapted, as appropriate, based on the mission and scientific needs of the individual or institution. The NCI Best Practices do not comprise detailed laboratory procedures; rather they consist of principles by which such procedures should be developed by biospecimen resources. While adoption of these guidelines is voluntary, the principles outlined support the goal of optimizing the quality and availability of biospecimens for cancer research.
Click here to view the NCI Best Practices for Biospecimen Resources or download the PDF
Learn more about BBRB's Biospecimen Evidence-Based Practices
See our Best Practices Archive (2007, 2011)
Other biobanking resources
History of the NCI Best Practices
Over a period of several years, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) undertook an intensive due diligence process to understand the state of its funded biospecimen resources and the quality of biospecimens used in cancer research. This process, which began in 2002 with NCI surveys and community forums, resulted in the establishment of a trans-divisional Biorepository Coordinating Committee (BCC) in 2004 and 2005; followed by the creation of the Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch (BBRB) to lead and coordinate a strategic plan to confront and resolve the issues in a stepwise fashion. These efforts culminated in 2005 with the development of the First-Generation Guidelines for NCI-Supported Biorepositories ("Guidelines"). This first-iteration document was published in the Federal Register on April 28, 2006 (71 FR 25184), and on the BBRB website. The NCI requested public comments on the Guidelines both through the Federal Register and the BBRB Web site (click here to view the summary of public comments (PDF Document: 41 KB)).
The Guidelines were subsequently revised based on public comment and input from content experts, and renamed the NCI Best Practices for Biospecimen Resources ("NCI Best Practices"). The NCI Best Practices for Biospecimen Resources was accepted by the National Cancer Advisory Board in 2007. The document was updated in 2011 and again in 2016.
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Guidance, Counselling and Youth Development Centre for Africa is an inter-governmental non-profit making organization established by African Ministers of Education in 1994. African Ministers of Education established GCYDCA as a Regional Centre to coordinate and manage the Guidance, Counselling and Youth Development Programme. The Centre is located in Lilongwe, Malawi. It has 54 participating countries which comprises of French-speaking countries, English-speaking and Portuguese speaking countries. The Centre has been granted full Diplomatic status by the Government of Malawi and all legal capacities comparable to the UN agencies and other international organizations.
The Guidance, Counselling and Youth Development Centre for Africa is looking for suitably qualified and experienced individuals who would like to give both girls and boys the information and skills necessary to handle complex social issues that are part of their daily life.
The Centre has vacancies on full time basis in Guidance and Counselling.
• Ability to adapt to the values of the Centre.
Interested candidates who meet the above qualifications experience and competencies should submit their applications together with detailed Curriculum Vitae and copies of certificates not later than Thursday 18th April, 2019.


The goal of effective security risk management is to determine and articulate the likelihood and impact that threats may have on an organization's assets and data. At MindPoint Group, we understand the importance of minimizing the likelihood and impact by assessing risk profiles. Our Risk Management support services help guard the mission and business of our clients by combining our industry expertise with a thorough understanding of our clients' business processes and functions to effectively protect their information systems.
Identifying business needs and changes to requirements that may affect overall IT and security direction.
Reviewing adequacy of existing security policies, standards, guidelines and procedures.
Analyzing assets, threats and vulnerabilities, including their impacts and likelihood.
Assessing physical protection applied to computing equipment and other network components.
Reviewing logical access and authentication mechanisms.
Developing technical recommendations to address the vulnerabilities identified and reduce the level of security risk.
The exploitation of third parties is one of the greatest attack vectors affecting organizations. At MindPoint Group, we are highly experienced and skilled at collaborating with clients to evaluate business processes as well as industry and regulatory requirements (i.e. OCC Bulletin 2013-29) to develop a robust third party risk management program. We understand supplier management can be overwhelming, but it does not have to be. Our experts leverage extensive Third Party Risk Assessment and technical experience to tailor a solution for your organization.
Access management is a delicate balance between ensuring strong access control and maintaining organizational efficiency. For many organizations, the protection of organizational information systems is further dictated by regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), and Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA); we guide our clients through this process and provide support at every turn. At MindPoint Group, our approach focuses on establishing a holistic access management program that addresses regulatory compliance, supports organizational efficiency while ensuring strong access control. Our customized solution has assisted many clients with establishing a strong access management program tailored to their organizational and industry requirements.
Contact MindPoint Group today to learn how we can help reduce the risk to your organization.


Diver Andy Casagrande IV was using new camera gear for the first time on a project for Shark Week when the unthinkable happened – a great white shark appeared suddenly and bit the rig.
The cameras now lie on the ocean floor somewhere in New Zealand.
360 Heros is offering a $5,000 reward to any person that can somehow track down and retrieve the missing equipment.
Tug of war with shark: who wins?


Ebola: The MH370 of diseases?
Ebola: Another reason to close the border?
Ebola: We're all going to die?
Semi-respectable coverage of the Ebola virus could only last so long on cable news. Today, on both CNN and Fox News, it devolved predictably into self-parody as medical experts explained to the networks' fear-mongering hosts that they know nothing about anything.
Taking the thread even further into fantasy, she offered, "All ISIS would need to do is send a few of its suicide killers into an Ebola affected zone and then get them onto mass transit." To which an actual doctor replied, "It is not an easily communicable disease … It is not spread by casual contact." And it's nothing like ISIS.
"From a public health standpoint, that really doesn't make any sense," said a medical doctor.
"What about a partial ban? A closing of our borders of travel?" she asked again.
"A closing of our borders? I'm sorry, I don't know what you mean by that," the expert replied. "I'm sorry, but that doesn't work." Although that probably won't stop Fox from asking again, and again, and again, at least until we get some answers about Benghazi.


Celebrating the Fourth of July...78 rpm style.
Recorded on August 8, 1938.
I have a recording of "Washington Post" march and "Hands across the sea", Joe Colling, director.
Also, a Wayne King RCA Victor recording of "Memories" & flip side "In so many words".
Also several recordings of the "Goldman Band".
These are 78 and in good condition.
Is there an interest out there somewhere by a collector?


The first step to finding a leak in your air mattress is to get as much air into the air mattress as possible. If your air bed has a built-in pump, let it run a little longer than you normally would for maximum inflation. Slightly over-inflating the air bed may open up the smaller leaks but should not damage the air bed while you're searching for the hole.... The problem with a lot of air mattress�s is that they are too bulky when full to put in a bath tub. I tried my best to find the leak I had and then did something they tell you not to do.
An air mattress, otherwise known as an air bed, is a portable, inflatable bed. Air mattresses are designed to be filled with air using an air mattress pump when your want to use the bed.... An air mattress, otherwise known as an air bed, is a portable, inflatable bed. Air mattresses are designed to be filled with air using an air mattress pump when your want to use the bed.
Air mattresses are an ideal alternative to sleeping on the ground when you go camping, but they are also handy for home use as additional sleeping space for company or sleepovers.... Air mattresses are an ideal alternative to sleeping on the ground when you go camping, but they are also handy for home use as additional sleeping space for company or sleepovers.
15/07/2010�� Best Answer: could you try a shop vac. put the hose in the other end and it will blow air out. Make sure the canister is empty so as to not blow dirt into the mattress.
Air beds allow you to sleep comfortably no matter where you travel or who comes to visit. Once you get the hang of folding and storing your mattress, you will never want to be without one. These handy and comfortable beds free up space and suit the needs of many guests.