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Posted on November 4, 2017 by Lee Jay
Re-Alignment of China and Japan: Rich Cultural, Historical, and Religious Legacy
Sawako Uchida and Lee Jay Walker
The ancient Middle Kingdom of China impacted greatly on the culture of Japan and this notably applies to the legacy of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, that all altered the landscape of Japan forever. Of course, Buddhism also entered Japan through Korea but the greater impact was the Middle Kingdom. However, the encroachment of Western colonialism and rapid changes during the Meiji Restoration of 1868, meant that Japan turned against a nation that had only enriched the land of the rising sun. Therefore, it is high time for China and Japan to overcome a narrow hostile period of history based on the false actions of Japan – and instead to focus on the thousands of years of cultural exchanges that took place between both societies.
In the realm of modern-day geopolitics then the only nation with any degree of influence on the Korean peninsula towards North Korea is China. This reality, given the nuclear angle and political uncertainty in the long run in North Korea, equates to the need to reduce tensions and the possible fallout from a possible military clash between South Korea and North Korea. In other words, it is in the national interest of Japan to focus on milder relations between Beijing and Tokyo rather than the hard power of America that threatens to unleash a future brutal war on the Korean peninsula.
Territorial disputes between China and Japan is also detrimental to both nations based on current mistrust. After all, only America will gain by increasing militarization of the region and further sharpening the divide between two natural allies based on history. Similarly, the political situation between China and Taiwan doesn't need a negative spanner to be thrown into the works by either America or Japan. Instead, regional linkages and greater trust serve all nations throughout the region and this will also boost new trade initiatives and mutual scientific joint ventures – and other positive areas.
It is hoped that Japan and the Russian Federation will develop ties to a much higher level based on Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan and President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation both seeking to restart a new period of history. If this develops, then hopefully political elites in Moscow will ease tensions between Beijing and Tokyo. Similarly, the Russian Federation is perceived to be an honest broker on the Korean peninsula; therefore, Japan will gain by having closer ties with China and the Russian Federation respectively in relation to North Korea.
Japan can focus on the India card in relation to China but the nations are too far apart to alter the geopolitics of Northeast Asia to any major degree. Indeed, India is beset by perennial issues in the area of Pakistan, the Kashmir crisis, border tensions between China and India, the growing rise of Sunni Islamic fundamentalism in Bangladesh, and a plethora of internal issues in relation to ethnic issues (Nagaland and others) and communist forces. Therefore, while developments between India and Japan is welcomed, the reality is that this will not help Japan to any major degree in relation to tensions towards China.
If China and Japan seek to control the destiny of Northeast Asia based on shared values and a rich history of coexistence and cultural enrichment, then it is in the interests of both political elites in Beijing and Tokyo to develop a new relationship. Likewise, the geopolitical reality of the Russian Federation in Northeast Asia should be utilized by China and Japan to forge a common interest. After all, if China and Japan can reset the button then stability will enable a higher degree of economic trade initiatives between both nations – and the reduction of squandering resources on an issue that isn't warranted based on the overwhelming majority of history in the last few thousand years. Therefore, both nations need to break free from the shackles of the Meiji Restoration period to the ending of World War Two. Instead, China and Japan need to return to the history of shared values based on Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism that enriched both societies and reinvigorated the indigenous faith of Shintoism for a vast period of Japanese history.
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Interviews / Movies
An Autistic Woman Yearns for Connection in Anna Czarska's New Film, "Mildly Different"
Filmmaker Anna Czarska was not diagnosed with autism until adulthood, a delay that only compounded the sense of loneliness that they experienced throughout their childhood. "It was difficult to grow up not knowing I was autistic. I always felt different than the other kids, expressed myself differently and generally didn't feel like others were on the same wavelength. Essentially, I felt I was an alien, a different species. This was incredibly isolating and depressing. I was misdiagnosed as a young person and told that my brain chemicals didn't work correctly and that is why I was experiencing what I was," they recall. "Thankfully, my mother refused medication for the other disorders that we were being heavily pressured to take. I grew up thinking I was broken and that there was something wrong with me. So many times people could not understand why I felt hesitant about something or why something that didn't phase them caused me to freeze up or cry–like calling a shop to ask if they had an item in stock. I spent most of my life trying to manage social relationships and failing because I did not have the understanding nor vocabulary to explain to someone why and how I am different. I just knew I was. My life could have been so much brighter if only I had known earlier."
When the determination was finally made, their feelings were a jumble of vindication and outrage. "It was a whirlwind. Such a long journey to even get the assessment and once that validation hits you, it's a thousand emotions all at once! I didn't expect to, but I cried the moment the words left my assessor's lips. I remember being angry for weeks about how it has taken this long to be assessed. After all of the psychologists I had seen as a child, not one thought to assess me for autism despite all the signs. I suppose back then, there was not enough research and most of it was based on males. I felt the system had failed me and likely so many others. This is a large reason why I made Mildly Different. I did not want this to keep perpetuating for others. Understanding that I had a different neurotype really helped me. I finally had the language to explain to others who I was inside and why I didn't absorb, express or process things the same way most did. I also felt part of something valuable: a community of people who were so much like me! A place where I didn't have to feel alone and strange. I wanted to show others the misconceptions autistic people face, who we truly are and what the world really looks like for us." The autistic community rallied around them. "I actually already knew I was autistic for a while before I had my official diagnosis. I had gotten to know so many amazing neurodivergent people by that point, but having the document really helped to explain to others who do not value self-diagnosis. The autistic community is incredibly supportive to one another and so I was happy to finally have found them. As it turns out, many of my close friends underwent assessment for autism due to my film and did not know before this that they were autistic. We already found each other, we just didn't know why we clicked so easily until we were diagnosed."
Anna's aforementioned film, Mildly Different, depicts an autistic woman craving human connection, but frustrated by neurotypical norms. "Mildly Different is a short film about a young woman on the autism spectrum who struggles with the world around her until the kindness of one person helps her regain her self-confidence and apply for the things she was too self-conscious to apply for before. It's not only a story about what autism truly looks and feels like, but a story of connection and how crucial social support, kindness, and acceptance is to all. Human beings are social creatures and, despite what most people think, autistic individuals want to connect to others as well. Sometimes our way of doing so doesn't jive with how neurotypicals connect and we may find it less hurtful to stop trying after a while. However, being forced into isolation due to bad reactions and judgments from others does not mean we do not deeply crave connection with someone. In Mildly Different, Christina wants this connection and tries to connect to others, but she is alone. Even her own mother doesn't understand her. Many of us often turn to animals to offer that support system we cannot seem to find in other humans, but that isn't always enough. Follow our Christina, a beautifully awkward young lady, and see what it is really like for us to try to interact in a neurotypical world."
Anna Czarska by City Headshots Dublin
The film largely reflects Anna's own experiences. "Much of the story is auto-biographical with some tweaks. I also peppered in bits that I found were common struggles in the autistic community. In essence Mildly Different is not truly a fiction film – the situations were just tailored enough to keep people's privacy intact. Many of the lines in the film were actually spoken almost word for word. I wanted to keep the story as true to life as I could so that the audience could get a real peek into what being autistic is actually like." Christina highlights how everyone deserves unconditional love to thrive. "We all need to be accepted for who we are. Without this, we second guess ourselves and aren't able to move forward or try the things we want to try. We need someone in our corner saying, 'be yourself, you're good enough just as you are.' Even one person can have a powerful impact on our lives. Without someone, we wither away, a shell of what we truly are. In Mildly Different, one person's acceptance and friendship is enough to give Christina confidence in herself. If only society understood how important that kind of support is for an autistic person, and for all." To Anna, Mildly Different symbolizes the beginning of a conversation for those who may not know where to start. "It is a voice. A voice for those who go through this every day and have no way of expressing it to others. I wanted to give other autistic individuals something they can relate to, something they can show people when they don't have the words to explain what they are going through on a daily basis. It is also to help change the misconceptions about autism and help those who have loved ones with autism understand them better."
Anna aims to add desperately needed nuance to the way people with autism are portrayed in the media. Ensuring the authenticity of autistic representation is essential, they say. "It is vital because without this, we are depicted as unintelligent, uneducated, incapable, immature, antisocial, etc. Most people who have not researched autism picture Rain Man when someone says the word 'autistic'" And while, yes, there are people who might express themselves that way, in general, most of the autistic people I have met and gotten to know are nothing like that depiction. There is a fear of telling someone, 'I am autistic,' because often this means that you will be treated as though you are a child. Respect is suddenly diminished, if not entirely taken away, and your input in the situation at hand disappears. You are no longer valued, you are ignored. Made to feel irrelevant. And that's if you are not met with a condescending tone first. But of course, if the only thing people have to reference in regard to autism is Rain Man, then that is exactly the kind of interaction that will perpetuate itself endlessly. We need real, authentic voices telling stories that show us as the capable, intelligent and wonderfully quirky people we are. This is the only way that those interactions will cease. If autistic people see others like themselves in the media, they will feel more represented in society and in turn be empowered by their differences rather than shunned by them. Yes, we struggle with certain things; each person has their own individual needs and challenges, just like everyone else, but please don't assume we cannot do something unless we tell you so ourselves." They want the film to serve as a first step towards finally celebrating autistic people and valuing them as subjects of the narrative. "I would hope that this opens a door for autistic people to take leading roles in production and in front of the camera. Every person in this world has strengths and weaknesses. You have to know yourself and what you are capable of doing. Don't let anyone tell you that you cannot do something just because you are autistic. Being autistic can bring amazing qualities on board that most people struggle with, like deep focus, undying passion for a project, or a keen eye for detail and creative problem solving. I hope that when filmmakers are developing projects about autistic people, they do this with us rather than for us." The agency and autonomy of the autistic community should always be at the forefront of every project.
Read more Celebrity Interviews on ClicheMag.com
An Autistic Woman Yearns for Connection in Anna Czarska's New Film, "Mildly Different." Photo Credit: Courtesy of Anna Czarska.
Anna Czarskaautismautistic representationMildly Different
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Make sure you're booked on by Wednesday!
Hundreds of supporters have already taken up the option to make the journey with us for FREE to Sheffield United this Saturday… but time is running out to be part of that travelling contingent!
Early this month, we announced that we'd be putting on coaches to get our supporters to Bramall Lane for absolutely FREE. So to take advantage of this offer – which is open to all Season Ticket and Member Card holders – you'll need to contact the Ticket Office by ringing 0118 968 1313 by 3pm on Wednesday 18th October.
We appreciate every ounce of support that we get on the road… and it's even better for everyone when that backing is repaid with the right result! 434 Royals were on the road last weekend and witnessed a satisfying three points in a highly-charged and dramatic match at Elland Road… hopefully we can make it back-to-back results on the road!
It could mean for a big saving for you travelling fans. Train tickets could cost upwards of £90 for a return, while you'll be lucky to find a coach company to get you there and back in better time and at a better price. Even splitting petrol costs with a carful of friends will still mean the hassle of finding parking nearby.
Keep that money in your pocket instead; contact the Ticket Office as soon as you can and book your place up to the Steel City!
And the price of tickets are reasonable at Bramall Lane too - Adult tickets are priced £22, with concessionary rates available for ages 60 & Over, 18-21, 17 & Under, Students and Disabled supporters.
For full information about this weekend's game – including ticket prices, how to buy and more information on our free coach travel up to the game, click the banner below.


Wondering how to prepare your system for a late-start race? Here's how to manage your food and hydration needs on Marathon Monday.
In just a few weeks, the historic Boston Marathon will take place, and thousands of lucky runners are already anxiously counting down the days until they arrive in Hopkinton. The Boston Marathon is unique in that it starts much later than many other races and is a point-to-point course, so runners are transported to the start in the wee hours of the morning to hang out in the Athlete's Village before being sent to their starting corrals.
What should I eat in the hours before the race begins? What should I bring with me to eat on the bus or in the Athlete's Village? And, finally, how much should I be eating and drinking the morning of the race, from the time I wake up until I walk to my starting corral?
As always, it's difficult to give blanket recommendations, given that each runner's needs, tolerance, and training patterns vary greatly. That said, here is some general advice that has fueled many a runner over 26.2 miles.
To begin with, keep in mind the mantra "nothing new on race day." This means that your pre-race eating and drinking regimen should mimic what you've done in training. Some runners will arrive to the race never having fueled before a long run, and this means Marathon Monday is not necessarily the day to try all the offerings—water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, PowerBar products, and bagels—in the Athlete's Village.
Luckily, you have just enough training time left to schedule a run that can somewhat mimic a race-day schedule. So let's say you are in the second corral, and you'll be loading the bus around 7 a.m. and leaving your corral at 10:25. You'll be arriving in Hopkinton and relaxing in the village for an hour or two before lining up in the corral. You'll need to do some math in order to determine how much you should be eating before the race (or your last long run) begins.
Remember, the general rule is to consume approximately 0.5 grams of carbohydrate for every pound of body weight, and then multiply that number by the number of hours you have before you will begin your run.
So let's imagine that you weigh 130 pounds, and you have three hours before show time.
65 x 3 hours = You need to eat approximately 195 grams of carb to carry you from Hopkinton to Boylston Street.
Remember, you have plenty of time to take in this amount of fuel, and it's acceptable—recommended, even—to space out your intake over time. So you might want to begin your final carb load in your hotel room, continue on the bus, and finish topping off your tank while in the village. This practice will give you enough time to digest and use the porta-potties before heading to the start.
What does 195 grams of easy-to-digest carbohydrate look like? You might start off with a cup of oatmeal and a half-cup of applesauce (~50 grams) while in your hotel room. Once you load the bus, you might add in an energy bar, choosing one that is high in carb (rather than protein and fat) and that you've tried before and sits well with you (~45grams), chased with water. Finally, when you get to the village, add in a bakery bagel, a banana, and another 12-16 oz Gatorade (~95 grams), and you'll be fueled and ready to perform at your best.
Now what about fluids? In general, you'll want to focus on taking in plenty of fluids in the days leading up to the race (rather than trying to play catchup and pounding the fluids right before the race begins). The easiest way to make sure you arrive at the starting line well-hydrated is to sip on fluids throughout the two to three days leading up to the race. Choose low-calorie beverages, as well as electrolyte-containing sports drinks. Simply drink to meet your thirst, and you'll know you've met your fluid needs when your urine is lightly straw-colored.
As for race day, you can top off your hydration stores by following recommendations adapted from The American College of Sports Medicine's Position Stand on Exercise and Fluid Replacement: Drink approximately 1 oz per every 10 pounds of body weight four hours before running, and if profuse sweating is expected, drink ~0.6 oz per every 10 pounds of body weight two hours before a run. It goes without saying, but remember to give yourself time to get in line and use the porta-potties before heading to your corral!
To many runners, the above recommendations may seem like a lot more food and fluids than what is typically consumed before a long run—which is why all runners should practice fueling before race day. So before logging the final long workout, try backing up the clock two or three hours, and experiment with carb loading, mimicking what you plan on doing on Marathon Monday. After all, you've logged hundreds of miles and hours training for the big day. By planning ahead and practicing, you'll reduce the amount of surprises you might encounter on race day…. other than a nice PR!
Best of luck to all of those running Boston 2014!


NMB Technologies Corporation, a Minebea Group Company, is the world's largest manufacturer of miniature precision ball bearings and a volume leader in the design and manufacturing of precision electro-mechanical components, including cooling fans and blowers, precision small motors and mechanical bearing assemblies, as well as a total solutions supplier of backlights, LED lighting modules and complete LED solutions.
NMB Technologies Corporation's domestic headquarters are located in Chatsworth, California. Highly trained application engineers, experienced product managers and customer service representatives work closely with all our customers to develop the most cost effective solutions for today's challenging applications.
NMB customers represent the largest OEMs in North America, and in such diverse industries as automotive, medical, industrial, office equipment, personal computers, home entertainment, home electronics, and many more.


Mid-volume multimodality outpatient imaging center in downtown San Francisco is actively recruiting an MSK Rad. Ideal candidates are CA licensed and available to start sooner than next summer. Work in an all outpatient practice – Monday – Friday. No nights or weekends. You will work with a well renowned MSK Rad! All physicians are employed. Receive 350k+ depending on experience, 8 weeks' vacation, full benefits including Medical/dental/vision life insurance, 401k plan, flex spending plan, malpractice with tail, cme reimbursement.


Kartstart offers the opportunity to experience the thrill and exhilaration of real motorsport at a relatively low cost.
Now individuals, groups and corporate bodies can participate in one of Europe's newest and fastest growing leisure activities at our superbly equipped all weather facilities.
Choose from individual practice lapping sessions to private group race meetings with a range of formats available including endurance racing in addition to normal circuit events. For our corporate clients what better way of rewarding staff or business colleagues whilst maintaining their competitive edge than with the charged atmosphere of indoor kart racing.
Safety is of course a vital necessity in any form of motor sport. Kartstart provide all equipment required and drivers are fully briefed by competent track staff prior to joining the circuit. The track perimeter is lined by an effective shock absorbing barrier ensuring maximum safety for both participants and spectators alike.
We have disabled access and a disabled toilet. There are ramps to the caffe as well as a flat viewing area.


With only one full day left in the resort before our late flight back tomorrow, we decided to stay local, kick back, and just enjoy the Caribbean.
Day two of our trip to Cobá, and after a relatively late breakfast we headed out to catch the mid-morning ADO bus from Tulum to Cobá.
Day one of another two day trip, this time stopping overnight in Tulum town before continuing on to the Mayan ruins at Cobá tomorrow.
A lazy day around the resort today, visiting a couple of small Maya sites and the Mayan Museum.
Another full day of exploring, with a bus trip down the coast to the resort town of Playa del Carmen, and a ferry across to the Isla de Cozumel.
With an overnight stay to beat the crowds, we were able to take in the sound and light show 'Noches de Kukulkán' on the Thursday evening, and an early breakfast on Friday morning would give us a good head start on the organised tours.
Day one of a two day trip to visit Chichén Itzá. Today we're calling in at the old Spanish colonial city of Valladolid, before continuing on to an overnight stay at Chichén Itzá, allowing us to visit the Sound & Light show there in the evening.
Today we've planned a full day out at Xcaret, an environmentally friendly theme park showcasing the very best of Mexico's flora, fauna, cuisine and folk traditions. The park has some impressive conservation credentials, with part of the admission price going to support programs protecting ecosystems and endangered species.
Today we're off to explore the Mayan ruins on the coast at Tulum, about two hours south of Cancún.
Our first day in the resort, and we had already booked tickets online for the ferry crossing to the nearby island of Isla Mujeres. With only eleven hotel nights and so much to see, we had planned most of our itinerary in advance including online tickets wherever possible.
An uneventful flight from Paris Charles de Gaulle to Cancún on our Air France Boeing 777-300ER. Until the final half hour, when things started to go pear-shaped.


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The Snows Of Kilimanjaro And Other Stories
Published: 1 November 1994
Imprint: Arrow
A lean, tough and powerful collection of early short stories from the Nobel Prize-winning author of A Farewell To Arms.
Men and women of passion and action live, fight, love and die in scenes of dramatic intensity. From haunting tragedy on the snow-capped peak of Kilimanjaro to brutal sensationalism in the bullring; from rural America with its deceptive calm to the heart of war-ravaged Europe, each of the stories in this classic collection is a feat of imagination, and a masterpiece of description. The Snows of Kilimanjaro is one of the best known and loved collections of stories by one of the greatest literary novelists of the twentieth century.
Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899. His father was a doctor and he was the second of six children. Their home was at Oak Park, a Chicago suburb.
In 1917, Hemingway joined the Kansas City Star as a cub reporter. The following year, he volunteered as an ambulance driver on the Italian front, where he was badly wounded but decorated for his services. He returned to America in 1919, and married in 1921. In 1922, he reported on the Greco-Turkish war before resigning from journalism to devote himself to fiction. He settled in Paris where he renewed his earlier friendships with such fellow-American expatriates as Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein. Their encouragement and criticism were to play a valuable part in the formation of his style.
Hemingway's first two published works were Three Stories and Ten Poems and In Our Time but it was the satirical novel, The Torrents of Spring, that established his name more widely. His international reputation was firmly secured by his next three books; Fiesta, Men Without Women and A Farewell to Arms.
He was passionately involved with bullfighting, big-game hunting and deep-sea fishing and his writing reflected this. He visited Spain during the Civil War and described his experiences in the bestseller, For Whom the Bell Tolls.
His direct and deceptively simple style of writing spawned generations of imitators but no equals. Recognition of his position in contemporary literature came in 1954 when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, following the publication of The Old Man and the Sea. He died in 1961.
Also by Ernest Hemingway
Praise for The Snows Of Kilimanjaro And Other Stories
An excellent story-teller, intense and skilful in planning and bringing off his effects
Daily Telegraph
Stamped with the urgency of Hemingway's style ... revealing tenderness of feeling beneath descriptions of brutality
The Jealousy Man
Thomas Savage
The Great Gatsby: V&A Collector's Edition
Seven Stones to Stand or Fall
Homer Homer, Homer
Men Without Women
Dracula: Popular Penguins
Inferno: Popular Penguins
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: Popular Penguins


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* Popular Marxist intellectual; describes himself as a "prophet"
* Highly paid campus speaker and professor at Princeton
* Friend of Louis Farrakhan
* Political advisor to Al Sharpton
* Views America as a nation thoroughly infested with white racism
Cornel West is a Professor of Religion and African American Studies. The recipient of more than twenty honorary degrees and a National Book Award, he is a longtime member of the Democratic Socialists of America, for which he currently serves as Honorary Chair. He is also a co-chair of Michael Lerner's Tikkun Community.
West was born on June 2, 1953 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. His older brother taught at MIT and worked for IBM, and his father was a defense contractor who had a school named after his mother.
From a young age, West proclaimed that he admired "the sincere black militancy of Malcolm X, the defiant rage of the Black Panther Party … and the livid black [liberation] theology of James Cone."
Growing up in the radical 1960s, West became a black militant activist and president of his senior class in high school. At seventeen he was recruited to Harvard, where, as he describes it, he was determined to press the university and its intellectual traditions into the service of his political agendas.
"Owing to my family, church, and the black social movements of the 1960s," he says, "I arrived at Harvard unashamed of my African, Christian, and militant de-colonized outlooks. More pointedly, I acknowledged and accented the empowerment of my black styles, mannerisms, and viewpoints, my Christian values of service, love, humility, and struggle, and my anti-colonial sense of self-determination for oppressed people and nations around the world."
West earned his bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1973, his master's degree from Princeton in 1975, and his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1980. His doctoral dissertation was titled "Ethics, Historicism and the Marxist Tradition." In the abstract to that dissertation, West wrote:
"I … critically reconstruct the arguments of three major Marxist thinkers–Engels, Kautsky and Lukacs–who, in their own ways, subscribe to the traditional vision of philosophy. I argue that all three adopt moderate historicism in ethics owing to this subscription, and specifically because of their own particular foundationalist conceptions of epistemology and science. I claim that Engels' teleological quest resembles a Piercian move to preserve the notion of moral objectivity by holding that it amounts roughly to what moral agents will converge to or agree upon in the long run. I claim that Kautsky's naturalistic quest is similar, though less sophisticated, to a Deweyian move that tries to translate norms-talk into needs-talk in order to avoid moral relativism. Lastly, I claim that Lukacs' ontological quest is a sophisticated Hegelian move to overcome traditional, especially modern positivis[m], foundationalism in epistemology and science only to arrive at a new form of foundationalism–in science and ethics–in ontological garb. I try to show that these three quests for moral objectivity fail. I try to show that Marx adopts a radical historicist approach to ethics only after a tortuous philosophic journey which leaves him disenchanted and disillusioned with the vision of philosophy as the quest for certainty and search for foundations. I argue that he makes a crucial metaphilosophical move in order to take seriously historical consciousness and the constructionist conventionalism revealed by his political activism. I try to explain this metaphilosophical move in terms of a complex philosophic-theoretic shift in his approach to ethics. The major objective of this essay is to examine, in its various forms, the historicist approach to ethics."
After completing his higher education, West went on to become a professor of theology and African American studies at Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and the University of Paris. Today his books are required texts in college curricula across the United States. His work has elicited White House invitations and more requests as a speaker, blurb writer, and distinguished guest than any individual could possibly fill.
In a market in which it is increasingly difficult for genuine scholars to get an academic monograph in print, West has written or edited more than twenty books published by commercial publishers. Except for a thin 1993 volume of opinions on issues of the day called Race Matters, which sold some 400,000 copies, none of his books sell sufficiently to justify the commercial support his work has received. They are put into print (according to one of his publishers) as "prestige" publications to bring credit to the house.
West's first effort was titled Prophesy Deliverance! An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity (1982). This book advocates a "socially concerned African American Christianity" that draws from Marxism. Then followed, among others, Prophetic Fragments (1988); The American Evasion of Philosophy (1989); The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought (1991); Prophetic Thought in Postmodern Times (1993); Prophetic Reflections: Notes on Race and Power in America (1993); Keeping Faith: Philosophy and Race in America (1994); and Restoring Hope (1999).
In his book Prophetic Fragments, West writes that his "principal aim" is "to examine and explore, delineate and demystify, counter and contest the widespread accommodation of American religion to the political and cultural status quo."
West also co-authored several books, including Breaking Bread (with bell hooks, 1991); Jews and Blacks (with Michael Lerner, 1995 ); The Future of the Race (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 1996); The Future of American Progressivism (with Roberto Unger, 1998); The War Against Parents (with Sylvia Ann Hewlett, 1998); and The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Century (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2000).
One of the early catalysts for West's rise into the cultural stratosphere was his plea for racial harmony. As a Marxist black radical he was almost unique in saying that it was not appropriate for other black militants to hate all whites and Jews. Yet he has endorsed the radicals grouped around the magazine Race Traitor, which calls for the "abolition of whiteness."
In "Black Anti-Semitism and the Rhetoric of Resentment," a 1992 article that West wrote for Michael Lerner's Tikkun, he blamed black anti-Semitism on, among other things, "the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza" and "the visible conservative Jewish opposition to what is perceived to be a major means to black progress, namely, affirmative action." "Without some redistribution of wealth and power," West warned, "downward mobility and debilitating poverty will continue to drive people into desperate channels" that will "produce a cold-hearted and mean-spirited America no longer worth fighting for or living in."
In addition, West is a close personal friend to Louis Farrakhan, to whom he refers as "my dear brother." West served as an advisor and organizer for Farrakhan's 1995 "Million Man March," and he has passionately defended Farrakhan against the latter's critics. West once said, for instance:
"'Farrakhan said Hitler was a great man.' That's a lie! He said he's wickedly great. When he said something about Judaism, he said Judaism can be used as a gutter religion. I'm a Christian, you know that. Can Christianity be used as a gutter religion? Hell yes! Ku Klux Klan, Constantine using Christianity to defend the Empire, Christianity used against women, against gay brothers and lesbian sisters. So first you've got to tell the truth about Louis Farrakhan."
West also laments that Farrakhan has been "so demonized by the mainstream."
In 1999, in his role as then-presidential candidate Bill Bradley's advisor on blacks, West encouraged Bradley to meet with Al Sharpton (whose own campaign for a U.S. Senate seat West had supported in 1994).
West calls himself a "progressive socialist" and has written that "Marxist thought is an indispensable tradition for freedom fighters." In the 1990s he was a supporter of the New Party.
West taught at Princeton from 1988 to 1993, at which point he took a professor's position at Harvard, where in 1998 he would receive the prestigious appointment of University Professor.
In 2001 former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers took over Harvard's presidency and, in a private meeting with West, told him that he (West) was giving out far too many A's and A-plusses in his introductory class in African-American studies. Summers also exhorted West to devote his energies to writing a serious academic book, rather to the production of rap-like CDs such as the one he recently had released. Moreover, Summers expressed concern that West had taken too much time away from his academic responsibilities by campaigning for presidential hopeful Bill Bradley in 2000.
West reacted angrily to Summers' comments, telling the media that Harvard's President had "attacked and insulted" him with great "disrespect." In 2002 West left Harvard and returned to Princeton.
The "disrespect" that West perceived was, in his view, part and parcel of the extreme irreverence that whites nationwide were wont to direct at blacks. West deems the United States a nation rife with bigotry that finds its expression in an endless flow of affronts and assaults aimed against the black community. He has branded the U.S. a "racist patriarchal" nation where "white supremacy" continues to define everyday life. "White America," he writes, "has been historically weak-willed in ensuring racial justice and has continued to resist fully accepting the humanity of blacks." This has resulted, he claims, in the creation of many "degraded and oppressed people [who are] hungry for identity, meaning, and self-worth."
West attributes most of the black community's problems to "existential angst derive[d] from the lived experience of ontological wounds and emotional scars inflicted by white supremacist beliefs and images permeating U.S. society and culture." He explains that "the accumulated effect of the black wounds and scars suffered in a white-dominated society is a deep-seated anger, a boiling sense of rage, and a passionate pessimism regarding America's will to justice." "It goes without saying," he adds, "that a profound hatred of African people . . . sits at the center of American civilization."
In West's view, the 9/11 attacks gave white Americans a glimpse of what it means to be a black person in the United States — feeling "unsafe, unprotected, subject to random violence and hated for who they are." "Since 9/11," he said, "the whole nation has the blues, when before it was just black people."
A vocal opponent of the War in Iraq, West asserted that the Bush administration was peopled with "hawks" who "are not simply conservative elites and right-wing ideologues," but rather are "evangelical nihilists — drunk with power and driven by grand delusions of American domination of the world." "We are experiencing the sad gangsterization of America," he added, "an unbridled grasp at power, wealth and status."
Viewing capitalism as the root cause of these alleged American lusts, the Marxist West warns: "Free-market fundamentalism trivializes the concern for public interest. It puts fear and insecurity in the hearts of anxiety-ridden workers. It also makes money-driven, poll-obsessed elected officials deferential to corporate goals of profit — often at the cost of the common good."
As noted above, West is a proponent of black liberation theology — a variation of liberation theology, which teaches that the New Testament gospels can be understood only as calls for social activism, class struggle, and revolution aimed at overturning the existing capitalist order and installing, in its stead, a socialist utopia where today's poor will unseat their "oppressors" and become liberated from their material (and, consequently, their spiritual) deprivations. Black liberation theology seeks to foment a similar Marxist revolutionary fervor founded on racial rather than class solidarity. The Christian notion of "salvation" in the afterlife is superseded by "liberation" on earth, courtesy of the aforementioned socialist utopia.
Anthony Bradley, assistant professor of theology at Covenant Theological Seminary in St. Louis, writes:
"West sees a strong correlation between black theology and Marxist thought because 'both focus on the plight of the exploited, oppressed and degraded peoples of the world, their relative powerlessness and possible empowerment.' This common focus prompts West to call for 'a serious dialogue between Black theologians and Marxist thinkers' — a dialogue that centers on the possibility of 'mutually arrived-at political action.' … West … appreciates Marxism for its 'notions of class struggle, social contradictions, historical specificity, and dialectical developments in history' that explain the role of power and wealth in bourgeois capitalist societies…."
In 1995 West was a signatory to a New York Times ad voicing support for cop-killer Mumia Abu-Jamal, a former Black Panther. Other notable leftists who signed the letter included Noam Chomsky, Roger Ebert, Mike Farrell, Danny Glover, bell hooks, Spike Lee, Michael Moore, Charles Rangel, Susan Sarandon, and Gloria Steinem.
In 1998 West was a signatory to a public letter addressed to United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan, declaring that "the global war on drugs is now causing more harm than drug abuse itself." Other signers included Tammy Baldwin, Rev. William Sloan Coffin, Jr., Walter Cronkite, Morton H. Halperin, Kweisi Mfume, and George Soros.
On September 20, 2001, West was a guest speaker at a New York City gathering to honor the work of Richard Cloward (co-creator of the Cloward-Piven Strategy), who had died a month earlier. Other speakers included such notables as Barbara Ehrenreich, June Jordan, Gus Newport, Frances Fox Piven, Miles Rappaport, Joel Rogers, Tim Sampson, and Howard Zinn.
In 2002 West lent his name to the "Statement of Conscience" crafted by Not In Our Name, a project of C. Clark Kissinger's Revolutionary Communist Party. This document condemned not only the Bush administration's "stark new measures of repression," but also its "unjust, immoral, illegitimate, [and] openly imperial policy towards the world."
West also endorsed World Can't Wait (WCW), another Revolutionary Communist Party project that sought to organize "people living in the United States to take responsibility to stop the whole disastrous course led by the Bush administration."
West had been a steadfast supporter of Green Party candidate Ralph Nader in the 2000 presidential election. But after seeing how Nader siphoned votes away from Democrat Al Gore and perhaps cost Gore that election, West in 2004 signed a petition urging voters to back Democrat John Kerry, who stood a reasonably good chance of defeating Bush, instead of Nader, who stood no chance. Other signatories included Noam Chomsky, Phil Donahue, Barbara Ehrenreich, Bonnie Raitt, Tim Robbins, Susan Sarandon, Kevin Zeese, and Howard Zinn.
In 2005 West collaborated with Michael Lerner, and Sister Joan Chittister to restructure Tikkun magazine's Tikkun Community as the Network of Spiritual Progressives, an "interfaith educational and social action organization."
In May 2007 West, along with Marxist professor Manning Marable, signed a letter drafted by the U.S. Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation. The letter called for "Black America" to participate in a rally protesting the 40th anniversary of Israel's "illegal occupation" of the West Bank, and to help "build our country's support for Palestinian human rights."
West has repeatedly and falsely accused Israel of killing "Palestinian babies." In one 2015 broadcast, for example, he spoke of "500 Palestinian babies killed in 50 days" — a highly unreliable claim that had originated with Hamas and pro-Hamas sources during the 2014 Hamas-Israel war in the Gaza Strip – a war that was started by Hamas aggression. As Camera.org explains: "Beyond the unreliability of the statistics themselves is the fact that Prof. West takes them out of context and distorts them into a claim demonizing Israel as vicious and ruthless baby killers. Even the questionable sources claiming over 500 innocent children killed, acknowledge that the majority (greater than 65 percent) were neither babies nor toddlers, but minors between the ages of 7-17, used by Hamas as pawns or human shields in the terror group's war against Israel. Yet Professor West repeatedly refers to 500 'babies' being killed (presumably because it stirs more empathy and emotion and serves better as a propaganda claim, no matter that it is false)."
And in an August 12, 2014 interview, he blasted "a right wing government that allows for the killing of 427 precious Palestinian babies."
In 2006 West visited Venezuela, which President Hugo Chavez was transforming into a socialist state. Praising the Venezuelan government — which had nationalized industries, imprisoned or killed its opponents, and openly threatened the United States — West explained that he had made the trip in order "to see the democratic awakening taking place" under Chavez.
On the eve of Venezuela's presidential election of 2006, West joined Jesse Jackson, Dolores Huerta, and Tom Hayden in writing an open letter to President George W. Bush in which they lauded Chávez's policy of sharing his "country's oil wealth with millions of poor Venezuelans." In a 2010 tweet, West said: "I love that Hugo Chavez has made poverty a major priority. I wish America would make poverty a priority."
In July 2008 West was a signatory to an open letter addressed to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice protesting the proposed installation of a U.S. military base in the Czech Republic. The letter trivialized the threat of Iran's nuclear ambitions and accused the U.S. of fomenting a new Cold War with Russia. Other signers included Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn.
Over the years, West has given money to political causes only twice — once to the Democratic National Committee and once to Democrat Major Owens.
In 2008 Senator Barack Obama named West to his presidential campaign's Black Advisory Council. West is a great admirer of Obama's former pastor and longtime spiritual mentor, Rev. Jeremiah Wright.
In March 2010, West spoke at a Young Democratic Socialists of America conference entitled "Real Change for a Change," which was billed as a "snapshot of the current socialist movement in the United States." During his lengthy address, West declared that "socialism has a future." He added: "We are at a very crucial historical moment. My dear friend [President] Barack Obama, he needs help. He needs deep help. He needs pressure. Organized, mobilized pressure." Exhorting the crowd not to rely on "messiahs" or "leaders" to lead the way toward America's transformation into a socialist country, West said the responsibility for that task "falls onto us."
In 2011, West joined Revolutionary Communist Party founder Carl Dix and some other activists in issuing a statement demanding that the New York Police Department's "Stop and Frisk" crime-fighting program be discontinued—on grounds that it targeted nonwhite minorities in disproportionate numbers. On October 21, 2011, Dix and West were among 30 people arrested for participating in a mass act of civil disobedience at an NYPD Precinct. In October 2014, West and Dix again collaborated in calling for a Month of Resistance to Mass Incarceration, Police Terror, Repression and the Criminalization of a Generation.
In August 2011, during which time violent riots were taking place in Britain, West warned that similar unrest was likely to strike in the U.S.:
"If you don't treat poor and working people with dignity now, chickens are going to come home to roost later. And it won't be about love and justice. It will be about revenge, hatred, and then we all go under."
In September 2011, West and Carl Dix issued a Statement accusing police forces nationwide—most notably in New York City—of routinely subjecting blacks and Latinos, merely because of the color of their skin, to violations of "the part of the [C]onstitution protecting people from unreasonable search and seizure." In an impassioned call to action, West and Dix solicited the support of all those who were "sick and tired of being harassed and jacked up by the cops" and of having their "humanity … routinely violated" for racial reasons. Most notably, the pair objected to the use of "stop-and-frisk" policing practices, which they described as "illegal" and "unconstitutional." Out of this effort by West and Dix, the Stop Mass Incarceration Network was formed.
In October 2011, West said the following about Herman Cain, a black conservative who was seeking the Republican Party's presidential nomination, and who had said that racism was no longer an impediment to success for African Americans: "I think he needs to get off the symbolic crack pipe and acknowledge that the evidence [of racism] is overwhelming.''
On September 11, 2013, West was in Washington to speak at an American Muslim Political Action Committee rally organized to condemn "the lack of transparency and questions plaguing 9/11, steady erosion of domestic civil liberties, drone policy and the very dire effect of these on of plight of American Muslims here at home, and Muslim communities globally in the scope of U.S. imperialism, and the modern face of resistance to unmanned aerial surveillance and warfare." One speaker after another at this event promoted conspiracy theories suggesting that the World Trade Center towers had collapsed due to controlled explosions and doubting that an airplane had actually crashed into the Pentagon. When West was asked to give his views on the matter, he replied:
"I just don't know. My hunch is that I think that bin Laden certainly had something to do with it, and so I try to listen and raise questions and allow them to engage in their investigation, but I haven't spent as much time as they have. But at this point, I'm still uncertain.
"I think there might be a possibility, but my hunch is that [with] bin Laden's…definitive investment he must have had something to do with it. But the thing is, what they express is a profound distrust in the government and a profound distrust in the government's intelligence, and I have that distrust, too, so I've got to be open-minded."
In 2014, as Israel was conducting Operation Protective Edge against Hamas in response to the multitude of rockets and mortars that the terrorist group had been firing from Gaza into southern Israel, West described the operation as "Israeli state terrorism in action and its Jewish racism in motion." At the same time, West asserted that "[Israeli Prime Minister] Benjamin Netanyahu is a war criminal not because he is Jewish but because he has chosen to promote occupation and annihilation."
In September 2014, West was a guest speaker at "Growing Up Locked Down," a three-day Juvenile Justice Conference presented at The New School in Manhattan by Justice League NYC. This event featured workshops and panels that addressed subjects ranging from the state of childhood incarceration to the media's reportage on the issue. Another noteworthy speaker was Harry Belafonte.
In September 2014, West joined Harry Belafonte as a guest speaker at Justice League NYC's "Growing Up Locked Down" juvenile-justice conference at The New School in Manhattan. This event featured workshops and panels that addressed subjects ranging from the state of childhood incarceration to the media's reportage on the issue.
West, who in 2014 wrote that the crimes of the Islamic terror group Hamas "pale in the face of the U.S.-supported Israeli slaughters of innocent civilians," is a leading advocate of the anti-Israel Boycott, Divestment & Sanctions (BDS) movement. In 2017 he described BDS as "the last nonviolent effort to try to ensure that the moral character and the human values of a settler-colonial enterprise that has involved itself in expansion and extation [sic], and leading toward … a full-fledged apartheid."
In a June 2015 appearance on CNN television, West criticized President Obama for allowing himself to be too "scared and intimated" to truly confront "white supremacy." Said West:
"You can't talk about wealth and inequality, you can't talk about education, you can't talk about massive unemployment and under employment and you can't talk about drones being dropped on people in other parts of the world, without talking about white supremacy and its ways in which it operates. It doesn't have to be overt. The president is right about that. But too many black people are niggerized. I would say the first black president has become the first niggerized black president….
"A niggerized black person is a black person who is afraid and scared and intimidated when it comes to putting a spotlight on white supremacy and fighting against white supremacy. So when many of us said we have to fight against racism, what were we told? 'No, he can't deal with racism because he has other issues, political calculations. He's the president of all America, not just black America.' We know he's president of all America but white supremacy is American as cherry pie.
"We're talking about moral issues, spiritual issues, emotional issues. White supremacy has nothing to do with just skin pigmentation, it has to be what kind of person you want to be, what kind of nation we want to be. Democrats and Republicans play on both of those parties in terms of running away from the vicious legacy of white supremacy until it hits us hard. Thank God for Ferguson. Thank God for the young folk of all colors. Thank God for Staten Island and fighting there. Thank God in Baltimore, now the precious folk in Charleston."
In 2016, Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders used his influence to secure, for West, a major role in formulating the Democratic Party's platform for the election campaign.
In 2016 as well, West was a key "founding initiator" of the organization Refuse Fascism.
West returned to Harvard in November 2016, taking a nontenured position as Professor of the Practice of Public Philosophy, jointly appointed at the Harvard Divinity School and the Graduate School of African and African-American Studies.
West is a co-chair of the Network of Spiritual Progressives, along with Joan Chittister, and Michael Lerner (the group's founder).
West was a featured speaker at a February 2020 event entitled "Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine," which called on Harvard University to "disclose direct and indirect investments in companies complicit in human rights abuses towards Palestinians," and demanded that Harvard "divest all direct and indirect holdings in these companies." The calls for these divestments were based upon the premises that "Palestinians [in the Middle East] live under apartheid," and that the "recent 'peace' plan proposed by the Trump administration legitimizes [Israel's] occupation of Palestinian land and restricts 4 million Palestinians to mere slivers of land simply because they are not Jewish."
In early 2021, West speculated aloud that Harvard University had denied him tenure because of his history of criticizing Israel and supporting the Palestinians. "This is my hypothesis," West said, "because given the possibilities of why they would not be even interested in initiating a tenure process, what else it could be?"
In the aftermath of the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd — a black man who had died after being abused by a white police officer in Minneapolis — a number of U.S. cities were overrun by violent riots. In a June 1 interview with CNN:
West cast the violence as a reaction to many generations of American "militarism," "poverty," "materialism," "racism," and "xenophobia." "And what you're seeing in America is those chickens coming home to roost," he said. "You are reaping what you sow."
He characterized President Trump as the "neo-fascist gangster in the White House."
He called for a "nonviolent revolution" that would bring about "the democratic sharing of power, resources, wealth and respect." "If we don't get that kind of sharing," he added, "you're going to get more violent explosions."
He said: "White supremacy is going to be around for a long, long, long, long, long, long, long, long time, don't be surprised when this happens again."
He said: "We've tried black faces in high places. Too often our black politicians, professional class, middle class become too accommodated to the capitalist economy, too accommodated to a militarized nation-state, too accommodated to the market-driven culture of celebrities, status, power, fame, all that superficial stuff that means so much to so many fellow citizens."
He said: "I think we are witnessing America as a failed social experiment. What I mean by that is that the history of black people for over 200 and some years in America has been looking at America's failure. Its capitalist economy could not generate and deliver in such a way that people could live lives of decency. The nation-state, its criminal justice system, its legal system could not generate protection of rights and liberties. And now our culture, of course is so market-driven—everything for sale, everybody for sale—it can't deliver the kind of nourishment for soul, for meaning, for purpose."
On June 30, 2021, West submitted his letter of resignation from Harvard University's Divinity School, writing, in part: "How sad it is to see our beloved Harvard Divinity School in such decline and decay. The disarray of a scattered curriculum, the disenchantment of talented yet deferential faculty, and the disorientation of precious students loom large." He noted that when he had taken an untenured position in 2016, "with a salary less than what I received 15 years earlier," he had hoped that he would be able to finish out his career "with some semblance of intellectual intensity and personal respect." "How wrong I was!" West lamented. "With a few glorious and glaring exceptions, the shadow of Jim Crow was cast in its new glittering form expressed in the language of superficial diversity." "[T]o witness a faculty enthusiastically support a candidate [West] for tenure [and] then timidly defer to a rejection based on the Harvard administration's hostility to the Palestinian cause was disgusting," West wrote. "We all knew the mendacious reasons given had nothing to do with academic standards." "When my committee recommended a tenure review — also rejected by the Harvard administration — I knew my academic achievements and student teaching meant far less than their political prejudices," he added.
"When the announcement of the death of my beloved Mother appeared in the regular newsletter, I received two public replies," West wrote as well. "Any ordinary announcement about a lecture, award or professional advancement receives about twenty replies! This kind of narcissistic academic professionalism, cowardly deference to the anti-Palestinian prejudices of the Harvard administration, and indifference to my Mother's death constitutes an intellectual and spiritual bankruptcy of deep depths."
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Mark Crispin Miller
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Leonard Weinglass
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Bob Bossie
Carl Dix
Eliseo Medina
Michael Klonsky
Lynne Stewart
Frances Kissling
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Michael Ratner
Kalle Lasn
Steven Kest
Derrick Bell
Dolores Huerta
Michael Lerner
William Sloane Coffin, Jr.
Michael Eric Dyson
Michael Pfleger
Randall Forsberg
Cindy Sheehan
Richard D. Wolff
Jodie Evans
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Kweisi Mfume
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Ramsey Clark
Morton Halperin
C. Clark Kissinger
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Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
Lawrence Davidson
Peter Dreier
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Ward Churchill
Carl Davidson
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Leslie Cagan
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Major Owens
Manning Marable
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Mexico Solidarity Network (MSN)
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Code Pink: Women for Peace
National Jobs for All Coalition (NJAC)
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Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization (IFCO)
Green Party of the United States (GPUSA)
Take The Square (TTS)
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International Action Center (IAC)
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STADIUM ENTRY DETAILS FOR ACCRINGTON EMIRATES FA CUP TIE
Turnstile, access and security arrangements for Bradford City vs Accrington Stanley, Emirates FA Cup First Round, Northern Commercials Stadium, kick off 3:00pm
Bradford City FC has today (Friday) announced entry and turnstile arrangements for Saturday's Emirates FA Cup First Round tie at home to Accrington Stanley. The game takes place at the Northern Commercials Stadium on Saturday (5th November 2016) - kick off 3:00pm.
For Home supporters, the JCT 600 West Stand Lower section and the North Stand Kop Lower section will be open for this game.
Turnstiles will open in all areas from 1.30pm.
Season tickets and flexi-cards are not valid for this FA Cup tie. Prices have been agreed with the visiting Club and the entry prices will be £15.00 for adults, £10.00 for concessions (aged 60 and over or students with a valid NUS card) and £5.00 for juniors (aged 16 and under).
Supporters can only gain access to the stadium by having a pre-paid match ticket in their possession or by paying cash at the turnstile. However, please note that cash entry is a slower process than entry by ticket, so if you are intending to pay at the turnstile, please leave yourself extra time to get into the stadium.
Tickets are available for purchase in advance of the game at the main ticket office which will open its normal hours of 9:00am-5:00pm on Friday and from 9:00am on Saturday.
As always, we would ask supporters not to bring bags to the match but where this cannot be avoided, please note all bags will be searched prior to entry. This may slow down the entry process a little, so spectators are asked to co-operate with stewards as they carry out this important task.
Bags checks will be conducted at every point of entry to the stadium including turnstiles and banqueting facilities.
So, for Saturday's home game against Accrington Stanley (kick-off 3:00pm), the following entrances are the easiest way to gain entry to the stadium:
For the JCT 600 West Stand
Home supporters with a pre-paid match ticket should make their way to turnstiles W3 or W11. These turnstiles are all located in the Directors' car park either side of the glass doors that lead to the banqueting areas.
Home supporters who wish to pay cash can enter via turnstiles W4 to W10 or W12 to W16. For adult entries only at £15 each, W5 and W13 will be available. All other turnstiles in this area will allow cash admission at any price (£15, £10 or £5) to enable family groups to stay together as they enter the stadium.
For the North Stand Kop - please note, no entrances will be available for the Kop on Midland Road
Home supporters with a pre-paid match ticket should make their way to turnstiles N1 or N5.
Home supporters who wish to pay cash can enter via turnstiles N2 or N6-N8. For adult entries only at £15 each, N6 will be available. All other turnstiles in this area will allow cash admission at any price (£15, £10 or £5) to enable family groups to stay together as they enter the stadium
For supporters with disabilities, the usual accessible areas in the JCT 600 West Stand and the North Stand Kop Lower will be available. The areas on the JCT 600 West Stand Lower section can be accessed through Gate WD on Valley Parade or through the 1911 Club reception via the lift. The area in Block M of the JCT 600 West Stand Upper section will also be available but only to supporters who use a wheelchair. The usual policy will apply to this game with the disabled person being charged the rate for their age with free access for their carer/companion.
Late turnstiles
There will be late turnstiles for each part of the stadium which will remain open until half-time. There will be two late gates per section with one being for match ticket holders and the other taking cash entries.
For the JCT 600 (West) Stand, tickets holders that arrive after kick-off should go to W3, with late cash payers using W4
For the North Stand Kop, ticket holders that arrive after kick-off should go to N1, with late cash payers using N2
Road closures and car breaks-ins
There will be no road closure in place on Midland Road for this game. Please try to ensure that when you park your vehicle it is secure when you leave it and that any valuables are either removed from the car entirely or placed out of sight while your car is parked up for the game. This advice is intended to help supporters to try and avoid having their match day at Bradford City FC being spoiled by thoughtless thieves getting into vehicles. If you do suffer any crime of this type while attending the game, please report the problem to West Yorkshire Police immediately by calling the non-emergency 101 number.
Northern Commercials Stadium is a no-smoking arena
We would also like to take this opportunity of reminding all supporters that, in accordance with legislation and EFL regulations, the entire stadium is a no-smoking area. This includes the viewing areas, concourses, toilets and stairways. In addition, the Club has imposed a ban on the use of e-cigarettes within the stadium. We would request that all supporters abide by the bans that are in place for all tobacco products and e-cigarettes for every home game.
Enjoy the game!


Boston Red Sox designated hitter David Ortiz, center hugs closing pitcher Craig Kimbrel after defeating the Baltimore Orioles 5-3 in a baseball game to sweep a four game series, Thursday, Sept. 22, 2016, in Baltimore.
David Price #24 of the Boston Red Sox works in the first inning against the Baltimore Orioles at Oriole Park at Camden Yards on September 22, 2016 in Baltimore.
Boston Red Sox slugger David Ortiz is the latest legend to be honoured, as his 20 year major league career draws to a close - and one of Boston's division rivals, the Baltimore Orioles, gave Ortiz a unique parting gift in their final regular season clash on Thursday night.
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. - Last-place Tampa Bay avoided a sweep with a shutout win over NY, which is trying to keep its postseason hopes alive in a wild-card logjam.
Since Uehara came off the DL on Labor Day, he's made eight appearances - including the eighth inning Thursday night. Benintendi's single knocked home Shaw, but the rookie was caught taking second to end the inning.
In a ceremony, Ortiz was given the phone he destroyed inside the visitor's dugout during a tirade on July 27, 2013. It was his 29 homer of the season. Ryan Zimmerman belted a three-run homer and Trea Turner added a solo blast as Washington halted a four-game losing streak.
Before the game, the Orioles posted an explanation on Twitter, saying they wanted a tribute both Orioles and Red Sox fans could enjoy. They scored three runs on five hits.
Nolasco (7-14) produced his third scoreless outing for the Angels (67-86) since being acquired from the Twins on August 1. He allowed five hits and one walk with five strikeouts to follow the six scoreless innings he tossed at the Blue Jays on Saturday.
His 109 RBI's are a career-high.
In other games, the Milwaukee Brewers overcame the Pittsburgh Pirates 3-1 and the Atlanta Braves stretched their winning streak to six games with a 6-3 success against the Miami Marlins.
Arizona beat San Diego 3-2 behind Paul Goldschmidt's two homers and three RBIs. "Those were maybe his best two innings of the season". The outcome keeps the Giants, Cardinals and Mets tied for the two NL wild-card berths. The Seattle Mariners are two back, while those pesky New York Yankees are two and a half behind.


Photovoltaics, commonly known as PV, converts the solar energy in sunlight into electrical energy with a system producing no air pollution and using almost no moving parts. They are extremely reliable with a 25 year warranty and a 40 year design life.
These systems are the most popular and use special inverters to allow electricity to flow safely back into the electric grid. When solar power is generated, surplus electricity can actually flow back into the grid after the power for the building is used. Depending on your utility company, you can be given up to full retail credit per kilowatt-hour. Since there are no batteries, these systems cannot store energy and are designed to shut down if the grid is down.
These systems offer customers continued power when the grid goes down, while still being connected to the grid, for seamless power. Newer systems also accept other power sources, in addition to PV, such as wind or even traditional gas-powered generators to provide power and/or charge the battery at night and/or if the grid is not available.
Useful when a completely independent or "stand alone" system is needed. Since no grid power is used, the system must be carefully designed based on power usage, peak demand and seasonal solar variations. Batteries are typically used to provide power at night, in low sun or high electric demand conditions. These systems are ideal for remote locations where no utilities exist.
Sometimes called "solar farms," they provide power for regional users by, or in cooperation with, electric utility providers.
The tipping point has changed for cost-effectiveness of Solar PV systems. If your electric bill averages $120 or more per month, it makes 100% sense to install a PV system. There are numerous financing options including PACE loans where even with the interest it is still cheaper to install a PV system. Think of it this way. Would you rather pay your Utility provider monthly or pay a bank loan for the same amount of money which adds value to your home and locks in today's rates for the next 20-30 years?
Take advantage of generous solar financial incentives – Two sources combine to help you pay for your home's photovoltaic solar system. The Federal Tax Credit has been extended through 2020 which gives homeowners a one-time tax credit equal to 30%- of the total cost of the system. The total cost of the system can include a new roof and main electrical panel upgrade is they are needed. There are also rebates from utility providers but they are disappearing quickly.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As a member of Deutsches Haus, you and a guest will have free admission to all Haus sponsored events, such as Oktoberfest (12 Free tickets w/membership), Volksfest, Fasching (Carnival celebration), Tirolnacht (an evening for Austrian and other exchange students), and other events as scheduled. You can rent Deutsches Haus facilities at a discounted rate. You also will have discounted admission to sponsored events such as concerts, wine tastings, and dinners.
After you have been an Associate member for one year, you can apply for Active/Stockholder membership and thus become an "owner" of Deutsches Haus. You will have voting privileges and thus have a voice in the leadership of Deutsches Haus. After a year as an Active member you can run for the Board of Directors and provide guidance and leadership to your Haus.
Your support of Deutsches Haus helps to celebrate and foster the rich culture, musical heritage, language, and history of the German people. Deutsches Haus is a great place to stop in with friends/family for the coldest German beer in town.
Members receive one free drink a month tracked with a drink card.
Ready to Join? The New Member Application can be found here.


text:
Swedish CEO Adds to Senior Leadership Team
As first reported in the Puget Sound Business Journal, Swedish CEO Dr. Guy Hudson has added four members to his senior leadership team, focusing on key areas including operations, quality, compliance and real estate.
"These new additions to our team do outstanding work in their respective fields and, as important, share the Swedish true north - putting our patients and community first," said Dr. Hudson. "Each of these leaders brings expertise, passion and a commitment to support our people as they care for our patients every day. When choosing the best fits for these key roles, we felt it important that they appreciate our 107-year old legacy, but also help us think innovatively on how we deliver the best health care today and in the future."
Jeffery Robert
Jeffery "JR" Robert has been named Swedish Chief Operating Officer (COO), working with current leaders to oversee all operations for Swedish Medical Group, Swedish Medical Centers, and our Swedish Institutes. JR transitions to this role from his previous position as chief operating officer of Swedish Issaquah, where he has served over the past year.
As COO for Swedish, JR's focus will be to support the delivery of seamless care of the highest value to every patient we serve. JR will ensure that the objectives and operating plans of each business unit support Swedish's overall strategic plan. Working with operational and administrative leaders across the system, he will lead the continued development of high-quality, clinically integrated, cost-effective services that meet the needs of our communities. Through appropriate management systems and best practices for process improvement and measurement, JR and his team will drive effective and efficient use of resources to provide the best care for our patients.
Prior to his role at Swedish Issaquah, JR served for 10 years as Chief Strategic Officer for the Southwest Washington region of Providence St. Joseph Health where he founded Providence Medical Group within that region and shepherded the evolution of the region's service lines, including neurosciences, cardiovascular, oncology and orthopedics.
JR brings more than 30 years of experience as a health care executive, having previously served as Chief Operating Officer for Pacific Medical Centers in Seattle, Senior Vice President of Operations for Southwest Washington Medical Center in Vancouver, WA and Vice President at Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital in Whittier, Calif.
JR holds a master's degree in Public Health – Health Services Management from UCLA and a Bachelor of Science – Physical Therapy from the State University of New York at Buffalo.
Chris Dale, MD, MPH
Chief Quality Officer
As Chief Quality Officer, Dr. Dale is responsible for ensuring that Swedish continues to provide the highest quality and safest care for our community. Dr. Dale has a strong history of leading quality initiatives at Swedish. He joined Swedish Medical Group as a pulmonary and critical care physician in 2012 and then expanded his role to medical director of SMG's Quality & Value (Q&V) team in 2013. Under his guidance, Q&V leveraged data to create consistent care pathways and clinical screenings, and developed the Clinical Excellence Index (CEI) in partnership with the Providence Quality team. CEI has had an incredibly positive impact on quality care, as SMG is consistently meeting eight of eight metrics.
Originally from Bellevue, Wash., Dr. Dale earned a BA in Chemistry from the University of Washington and an MD from Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago. He also served as a U.S. Navy flight surgeon with a squadron at Marine Corps Air Station in Yuma, Ariz. After his Navy service, Dr. Dale completed an internal medicine residency at Providence Portland Medical Center and served as a hospitalist at Skagit Valley Hospital before completing a pulmonary and critical care fellowship at the University of Washington. There, he also earned his MPH in Health Services.
Jennifer McAleer
Chief Compliance & Privacy Officer
As our new Chief Compliance and Privacy Officer, Jennifer will provide direction, oversight and ongoing management of Swedish's compliance and privacy functions.
Jennifer comes to us from Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where she developed, implemented and oversaw the hospital's Compliance Program, including corporate compliance, fraud, abuse, ethics and privacy. She has led compliance, privacy, research integrity and continuous quality improvement efforts for public, private and government entities in Maine, Arizona and California since 2001. For example, she has served as a compliance officer for a community-based youth organization providing behavioral health, residential and community support programs to at-risk youth and families; a Medicaid managed-care organization; and a health system that administered health insurance programs for low-income families, children, seniors and persons with disabilities.
Jennifer holds dual master's degrees in business administration and public policy and management.
Mike Denney
Chief Real Estate Officer
Mike Denney returns to Swedish as our Chief Real Estate Officer and will engage with leaders across Swedish and serve as the primary executive having accountability for all of Swedish's real estate assets and services. He will oversee strategic and occupancy planning, transactions, facilities management, program and project management, lease administration, and real estate-related finance and accounting services throughout Swedish. In his new role as CREO, Mike will serve as the real estate lead for Swedish's critical First Hill Expansion Project.
Mike comes to Swedish from CBRE, where he led healthcare accounts and most recently was responsible for creating comprehensive real estate solutions for health care organizations in the western U.S. Mike also has a long history with Swedish, serving as our former outpatient real estate director from 1989-2000. He then continued to lead Swedish projects while at other commercial real estate firms, notably the completion of the Swedish Orthopedic Institute and the development of the Major Institution Master Plan for the First Hill campus.


text:
Hume (2007)
Hume, David. (2007) Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. Early Modern Texts. Retrieved from http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/hume.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Early Modern Texts
http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/hume
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion is a philosophical work by the Scottish philosopher David Hume. Through dialogue, three philosophers named Demea, Philo, and Cleanthes debate the nature of God's existence. Whether or not these names reference specific philosophers, ancient or otherwise, remains a topic of scholarly dispute. While all three agree that a god exists, they differ sharply in opinion on God's nature or attributes and how, or if, humankind can come to knowledge of a deity. In the Dialogues, Hume's characters debate a number of arguments for the existence of God, and arguments whose proponents believe through which we may come to know the nature of God. Such topics debated include the argument from design—for which Hume uses a house—and whether there is more suffering or good in the world (argument from evil). Hume started writing the Dialogues in 1750 but did not complete them until 1776, shortly before his death. They are based partly on Cicero's De Natura Deorum. The Dialogues were published posthumously in 1779, originally with neither the author's nor the publisher's name.[1]
Retrieved from "https://www.scientowiki.com/index.php?title=Hume_(2007)&oldid=13408"


Fun fact: Fire, knives, chainsaws, you name it Chris can juggle it.
Simplify the complicated so everyone on the team is on board with a clear vision.
During the past 20 years, Chris Rolls has built from scratch four different businesses across four different industries, making him one of Australia's leading entrepreneurs. Three of these businesses – Rental Express, SCODY Performance Wear and First Class Accounts – have become among the largest of their kind in Australia.
Through Rental Express, (a technology enabled property management business) Chris built the largest privately owned residential property management business in Queensland with more than $2 billion of residential investment property under management across 300 suburbs. Chris sold Rental Express in 2015 in what has been widely regarded as the largest sale of a privately owned rent-roll in Australia.
Chris is considered one of the most influential people in the Australian Real Estate Industry and has presented keynote presentations at every major real estate conference in Australia and New Zealand, on the subjects of property management, real estate business growth and entrepreneurship.
Chris is regularly requested to offer media comment on entrepreneurship and property-related issues. He's appeared in "Your Investment Property" and Australian Property Investor" magazines, "The Courier Mail" and "The Australian" newspapers, and is the resident property management expert for Brisbane's 4BC radio show "Real Estate Talk".
Chris has Bachelor in Sports Science and an MBA from Melbourne Business School and has studied private equity and venture capital investment at Harvard Business School. He also previously worked as the Operations Director at ASX-listed investment group Arowana International.


text:
Home Business Pakistan Cement exports surge as it shows highest capacity utilization
Pakistan Cement exports surge as it shows highest capacity utilization
News Analysis |
The export of cement from the country soared by 42.52 percent to $19.14 million in April 2018 from $13.4 million in same month a year ago, latest data of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) reported.
According to the data, the export of cement on monthly basis also recorded an increase of 13.4 percent as during March 2018 the cement export was recorded at $16.88 million. During first 10 months (July-April) of the fiscal year 2017-18, the cement export witnessed a declining trend of 9.37 percent as compared to same period of the previous fiscal year.
During the period under review, 3.7million metric tons of cement valuing $185.7 million was exported as compared to the export of 3.88 MT cement worth of $204.95 million during July-April 2016-17. Meanwhile, the export of molasses surged by 215 percent during first 10 months of the current fiscal year to $16.84 million in July-April (2017-18) from $5.33 million in the same period of the preceding year.
Total exports in 11MFY17-18 increased to 4.348Mt, posting a modest growth of 0.7 percent as in the last few months, exports surged after devaluation of the Pakistani rupee in the last few months.
On the yearly and monthly basis, the molasses export in April 2018, also witnessed a sharp increase of 125 percent and 157 percent in April 2017 and March 2018 respectively. The molasses export increased from $1.38 million in April 2017 and $0.152 million in March 2018 to $3.128 million in April 2018.
Read more: Experts predict Pakistan Cement exports to rise
The export of guar and guar products also increased by 26.76 percent as it rose to $30.06 million in July-April 2017-18 from $23.7 million in the same period of the previous fiscal year. On yearly basis, the export of guar and guar products in April 2018 recorded an increase of 2.03 percent as compared to the export worth of $3.6 million in April 2017.
While on the month-on-month basis, the export witnessed a decrease of 3.8 percent as it went down to $3.7 million in April 2018 from $3.8 million in March 2018. The overall merchandise exports of the country during first 10 months of the current fiscal year recorded an increase of 13.65 percent as compared to the exports during July-April 2016-17. The exports increased to $19.2 billion in July-April (2017-18) as compared to exports worth of $16.9 billion in the same period of the fiscal year 2016-17.
Meanwhile, All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA) has released data for the month of May 2018, which showed capacity utilization between July and May 2018 was at 94.69 percent – the highest in Pakistan's history since records began. The previous highest capacity utilization was achieved in 1992-93, it reached 93.62 percent.
May's data also indicated a dip in local dispatches, due to the reduction of working hours in the Holy month of Ramadan. During May the industry dispatched 3.919Mt of cement against 3.7Mt in May 2017, showing a growth of 5.7 percent YoY. For the July 2017-May 2018 period, dispatches rose by 14.2 percent to 42.92Mt when compared with 11MFY17-18 when they stood at 37.589 Mt.
Read more: Dalits uprising in India: a political sham that promotes violence
Total exports in 11MFY17-18 increased to 4.348Mt, posting a modest growth of 0.7 percent as in the last few months, exports surged after the devaluation of the Pakistani rupee in the last few months.
During the period under review, 3.7million metric tons of cement valuing $185.7 million was exported as compared to the export of 3.88 MT cement worth of $204.95 million during July-April 2016-17.
An APCMA spokesman expressed hope that local cement consumption will once again rise after Ramadan while the continuous increase in exports is a welcome sign for the industry. However, he said that the major factor behind the rise in exports is the decline in rupee value against the dollar that improved the competitiveness of cement sector in the global markets.
Read more: Pakistan's World of Cement: Opportunities and Challenges
APCMA urged the government to withdraw the recent increase in Federal Excise Duty (FED) which will hurt local consumption as this will have an impact of INR15/bag (US$0.13/bag), thereby raising the cost of construction.
"We have been demanding for years to abolish the FED as cement is not a luxury item, use of which should be encouraged," the spokesman added. "Reducing FED to 'Zero' will give rise to construction activities which have a positive effect on multiple industries and thousands of job opportunities will be created with an increase in construction," he concluded.
Embracing market trends: JS Bank explores innovative communication
Pakistani cement exports grow despite challenges in India, Afghanistan
Rise of militant Islamophobia: The West helps by ignoring it
New challenge for Nawaz Sharif: Senate amends Election Act 2017
JIT report: The road to a stronger Pakistan
Carol singers arrested as Hindutva members go on a rampage in Madhya Pradesh
Pakistani Cement eyes capacity increase while call for dumping duty on Iranian imports grow


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text:
It's Time to Tackle South Asian Islamism
https://www.meforum.org/islamist-watch/57937/it-time-to-tackle-south-asian-islamism
Few Americans have heard of Jamaat-e-Islami. But in South Asia, it is notorious. In 1971, Jamaati paramilitary groups slaughtered tens of thousands of Bangladeshis during its War of Liberation from Pakistan. Its terrorist ties today extend from Asia to America.
A new resolution introduced in the House by Rep. Jim Banks (R-Ind.) demands an end to U.S. government funding for Jamaat's U.S. proxies and calls for a criminal investigation into links between a prominent American Jamaati charity and one of Pakistan's most prominent terrorist movements.
Founded in British India in 1941 by the prominent Islamist theorist Abul Ala Maududi, Jamaat is active across the Indian subcontinent and has been closely involved with terror.
In 2014, Jane's Terrorism and Insurgency Centre from IHS Markit named Jamaat's student wing in Bangladesh, Islami Chhatra Shibir, the third-most violent non-state armed group in the world. In 2017, the U.S. government designated the head of a Jamaat affiliate in Pakistan and Kashmir a "global terrorist." And over the past few months, Jamaat gained international attention after its supporters rallied for the killing of Asia Bibi, a Christian woman accused of blasphemy.
Despite never achieving significant political power or electoral success in South Asia, Jamaat exerts a high level of influence over Muslim communities in the West.
In Britain, Jamaat controls only an estimated 3 percent of mosques. Yet it operates the most prominent Muslim political organizations, such as the Muslim Council of Britain, which the media and government have long regarded as a chief voice of British Islam. In the U.S, similarly, Jamaat's chief affiliate, the Islamic Circle of North America, is often treated as leading spokesman for American Muslims.
Banks' resolution discusses the dangers of Jamaat in South Asia and its American proxies. After the 1971 genocide in Bangladesh, many Jamaat war criminals fled to the West where they helped establish Islamist groups posing as community organizations, including the Muslim Council of Britain and the Islamic Circle of North America.
There is no question that ICNA is a Jamaat operation. ICNA's own publication, The Message International, openly admitted that ICNA's roots lie in Jamaat's branch in Pakistan. And every year, ICNA hosts two conferences in Chicago and Baltimore in partnership with the Muslim American Society, which the United Arab Emirates has designated as a terrorist organization. These conferences unfailingly feature dozens of extreme Salafi clerics with histories of inciting hatred against Jews, women and homosexuals, as well as officials from Jamaat branches in South Asia.
ICNA is not just one group; it is a network. Along with local branches, youth groups, foundations and medical clinics, ICNA has also established two prominent aid charities: ICNA Relief, which works within the United States, and Helping Hand for Relief and Development, which operates overseas, mostly in South Asia.
Both charities raise tens of millions each year and are partners and funders of the Al Khidmat Foundation, the official "welfare arm" of Jamaat in Pakistan, which finances designated terrorist movements such as Hamas. ICNA acknowledges its long-standing partnership with Al Khidmat on its website, but has denounced claims of Al Khidmat's terror financing as "Islamophobic" fabrications. These denials would carry more weight if Jamaat had not openly boasted of the money Al Khidmat gives Hamas.
Al Khidmat is not the ICNA network's only terroristic friend. In 2017, the Middle East Forum discovered that Helping Hand for Relief and Development organized an event in Pakistan sponsored by Al Khidmat and Lashkar-e-Taiba, a designated terrorist movement under U.S. law that was responsible for the 2008 Mumbai attacks, in which 166 people were murdered. In fact, Helping Hand appears to have been working with designated Lashkar-e-Taiba front groups, such as the Falah-e-Insaniat Foundation, for many years. Banks' bill is now recommending a criminal investigation.
In America, these two ICNA charities claim to be dedicated to charitable good deeds, social justice campaigns and interfaith work. Yet leading officials at ICNA's charities advocate for Jamaat when the cameras are not rolling. Helping Hand chairman Mohsin Ansari, who also served as the head of ICNA Relief, openly identifies as a Jamaat member, and refers to convicted 1971 war criminals as "heroes" whom the "Pakistani nation will remember... for centuries to come."
Despite this appalling catalogue of hateful and violent ideas, in 2016 and 2018 the ICNA network received more than $10 million of taxpayers' money to assist with disaster relief. The money almost certainly went toward disaster relief as intended, since a publicized provision of welfare is a key global Islamist strategy for advancing influence. But these funds were granted at the cost of legitimizing a violent South Asian Islamist movement as a representative voice of historically moderate American Muslims, from which Jamaat in fact receives negligible ideological support.
Each taxpayer dollar for Jamaat is a blow for those moderates fighting to free their communities from the grip of fanatic theocrats. ICNA and other Jamaat proxies in America have long exerted too much control over Western Muslim communities. Now Congress has a chance to do something about it.
Sam Westrop is director of Islamist Watch, a project of the Middle East Forum.
Related Topics: Sam Westrop receive the latest by email: subscribe to the free mef mailing list


1. Industrially: ferrous sulfate is mainly used as a precursor to other iron compounds. It is a reducing agent, for the reduction of chromate in cement.
2. Nutritional Supplement: Together with other iron compounds, ferrous sulfate is used to fortify foods and treat iron-deficiency anemia. Constipation is a frequent and uncomfortable side effect associated with the administration of oral supplements. Stool softeners often are prescribed to prevent constipation.
25kg/woven bag with an inner plastic bag, or according to your special needs.


How to comply with UNCAT? The APT-CTI anti-torture legislation guide is now available.
Geneva, 23 March 2016 - The APT-CTI guide on anti-torture legislation is a practical tool for the adoption or revision of anti-torture legislation at the national level. The guide also promotes existing good practices with concrete examples drawn from different regions.
When a State accedes to or ratifies the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the UNCAT) it agrees to fight impunity by making torture a crime and investigating and prosecuting allegations of torture; to provide redress to victims, to exclude statements acquired through torture from all proceedings, and to take legislative and other measures to prevent torture, among other things.
The Guide is divided into thematic chapters, based on the relevant articles of the UNCAT, and lists the elements that legislation should contain. The guide also promotes good practices by providing examples of national legislation drawn from different regions and in different languages.
In a practical format, this Guide is primarily intended to assist lawmakers in drafting specific anti-torture legislation or in revising existing domestic laws. It might be also useful for actors from civil society or international and regional organisations advocating for the adoption of a legal framework on torture at the national level.