Download "Sandman Pro 1.1 Manual. by unfilteredaudio"
2 Introduction Sandman Pro is the delay of your dreams: a multi-mode delay workstation with unmatched loopfreezing capabilities. Sandman Pro builds on the legacy of Sandman by introducing six new delay modes while refining the original s tape mode. These delays include an instant delay that jumps to new delay times without clicks or pitch artifacts, a flexible stereo pitch shifter with feedback, a 16-tap multi delay, a unique reverse mode, and more. Features Seven incredible delay modes. Visualize your loops: a new waveform display shows your loop s Start/End points, along with current playback position. Full stereo: Left and Right channels can have linked or independent delay times. A Spread mode allows you to create subtle or massive offsets between the two. A Stereo Width control adds some contrast to the final output, along with an optional Mid/Side mode. Patchable modulation system: Our highly acclaimed modulation system is here with full control over every parameter, including Sleep, Reverse, and Kill.
3 Getting Started Installing Sandman Pro Simply run the provided installer. On Windows, you will need to select your VST directory if the installer doesn t pick the right one by default. Browsing Presets Sandman Pro comes with a wide array of presets to get you started. The preset manager on the top of Sandman Pro s interface is used to load, save, or browse presets. If you want to get a good feel for the power of Sandman Pro, spend some time with these presets before browsing the manual. Standard Unfiltered Audio Features CONTROLS -All knobs and vertical sliders are controlled in a smooth up-and-down motion. -Use the Command key (on OS X) or Control key (on Windows or OS X) to fine-tune controls. -Double-click or Alt-click on a control to return it to a default setting. PRESETS -All presets are saved with a.uap file extension. These presets are compatible across all platforms and plug-in formats. They use a simple, non-encrypted XML format for easy editing. -Use the Lock menu to prevent specific parameters from changing while browsing presets. INTERFACE -Click the Gear icon on the preset manager to bring up interface options. -Dark and Light skins provide a comfortable view for all studio situations. -Resizable interface for easy viewing on all monitors.
4 Controls Input In/Out Gain: Controls the amount of gain applied to the incoming and outgoing audio signals. Both gains only affect the Wet signal. In Gain occurs before any processing, while Out Gain occurs after. It can be useful to turn down the In Gain to assist with feedback-heavy patches, while Out Gain can help with final mixing and saturation. Mute: Mute s the input in a click-free manner. This can be very useful if you want to monitor only the current feedback tail. It can also be modulated for rhythmic gating. Pan: Pans the input between the left and right delay channels. To create a traditional ping-pong delay, you can pan the signal hard in one direction and turn up X-Feedback. Mono: Averages a stereo input into dual mono. This only affects the plug-in s input. To make the output mono, look at the Width control. S. Rate: A signature feature of Unfiltered Audio s plug-ins. This control determines the sampling rate of the *entire* plug-in, not just the input. Changing the sampling rate will affect the shifter frequency, the length of the delay units (when not locked), the behavior of the filters, and more. Needless to say, entire worlds of unusual sounds and artifacts are contained within this knob! Delay Time Delay Time: In regular (Linked) mode, this will appear as one large control. In Independent or Spread modes, this will appear as separate L and R controls. These controls determine the length of the delay buffer. Time Mode: Changes how the Delay Time knobs work. 1. Linked: One large delay knob controls the left and right delay times simultaneously. 2. Independent: Left and right delay times are set separately. 3. Spread: Left sets a master delay time. The right delay time is then given as an offset of this. Try Setting a long master delay time with a tiny offset to create Steve Reich-style phasing loops in Sleep mode. Tempo Sync: When active, delay times are locked to rhythmic divisions of your DAW s tempo. Lock Time: When active, changing the sampling rate will not affect the delay time. Turn this on if you want to manipulate the sampling rate for lo-fi sounds, but also want to maintain a steady rhythm.
6 Pitch L/R: Determines the amount of pitch shifting present on each channel. This does not affect the Sleep buffer. Window Size: Determines the size of each grain/micro-delay. At small values, this will introduce a metallic effect. Link: When active, the right pitch shift control will always equal the left. GLITCH SHIFTER This is a pitch shifting algorithm implemented entirely incorrectly. This can produce vibrant color explosions, alien drums, swirling echo clusters, and more. Note that changing the delay times in this mode can have a dramatic effect on the sound. Smaller delay times lead to more coherent sounds. Or something. Glitch L/R: \_( ツ )_/ Link: When active, the right glitch shift control will always equal the left. MULTI-TAP This is a 16-tap delay line. Like Modern Instant mode, all controls can be modulated without artifacts. Even the number of active taps can be manipulated rapidly. Spacing: This controls the spacing of the taps. At 12 o clock, the taps are evenly spaced. To the left, the taps create a bouncing ball effect by grouping later taps more closely. The the right, earlier taps cluster together. Amp: This controls the amplitude curve applied to the individual taps. At 12 o clock, the taps will all have equal amplitude. To the left, the taps will die-off. To the right, the taps will produce a bloom effect as they increase in volume. Taps: Controls the number of active taps. Cluster Fdbk: When active, *all* active taps are sent to the feedback. There s an amplitude compensation algorithm on this mode that prevents it from running away rapidly. When inactive, only the last tap will be sent to feedback. The last tap s position distance from the write head is always equal to the delay time of that channel. REVERSE This mode provides a reverse delay effect using windowed grains. A lot of care was taken in avoiding clicks or pops. This may be the cleanest reverse delay algorithm that we ve ever heard! Dirt: This is identical to the Dirt control in Modern Instant mode. Slew: This is identical to the Slew control in Classic Tape mode.
7 NO ECHO The final delay mode is not a delay! In this mode, the input is written directly to the Sleep buffer. You can use this mode and modulate the Sleep button to produce crazy stutter and chop effects. Dirt: This is identical to the Dirt control in Modern Instant mode. Sleep Buffer The Sleep Buffer is Sandman Pro s signature feature. This is a frozen delay buffer with tons of control (instead of a boring old Freeze button). When Sleep is activated, Sandman Pro s large waveform display will stop displaying real-time input data and will instead show the contents of the frozen buffer. The waveform display will also show where the loop starts and ends, along with the current position of the read head. Note that most special mode-specific delay controls (such as Pitch Shifter s pitch) will not affect the frozen buffer. For specific details on each delay mode, take a look at the Delay Mode section. Sleep: When engaged, the delay buffer is frozen and looped. No new information will be written to it. The length of the frozen buffer is determined by the Delay Time, Start, and End controls. Kill: Immediately empties the delay buffer. This works regardless of whether or not Sleep is active. This control will not produce a click, so this can be used for interesting rhythmic effects. Reverse: Immediately reverses the playback direction of the frozen buffer. Start/End: Determines the start and end points of the looping, frozen buffer. Lock Length: When active, the playback length of the frozen buffer will always equal the delay time, no matter what the Start and End settings currently are. Smooth: When active, a tiny envelope is used to crossfade the start and end points of the frozen buffer. This will suppress clicks. This effect may not be wanted when loop lengths are extremely small or sampling rates are very low. Sleep Filter: When active, the frozen buffer s output will run through the LP and HP filters. Echoes Feedback: Controls the amount of each delay channel s output that is fed back into its own input. X-Feedback: Controls the amount of each delay channel s output that is fed back into the other channel s input.
8 Diffuse: Smears the delay outputs by running them through an extra-chunky all-pass filter network. At low sampling rates, you can use this as a cluster echo effect. FILTERS Sandman Pro contains two 12 db/oct filters: High-Pass and Low-Pass. These filters can dramatically shape the sound of the delay s feedback path. LP: Sets the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter. HP: Sets the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter. Output Soft Clip: Turns on soft clipping at the output. The signal is saturated using a parabolic equation. This will actually affect the sound of the entire signal in a subtle way. This clipping is more pleasant and analog-sounding. When soft clipping is off, the signal will hard clip if it exceeds the plug-in s headroom. Mix: Controls the balance between the incoming dry signal and the outgoing wet (processed) signal. M/S: When active, Sandman Pro will output in Mid/Side mode. This can be used for advanced mixing and processing techniques. If you are unfamiliar with Mid/Side processing, the simplest explanation is that Mid can be thought of as the mono or shared component of the two channels, while Side can be thought of as the stereo or unique components of the two channels. In M/S mode, the first channel output will be Mid, and the second channel output will be Side. You can output M/S signals onto a L/R configuration without negative side effects. It will definitely sound unusual! Width: Controls the perceived width of the output signal. In L/R mode, 0% is mono, 50% (12 o clock) is stereo, and 100% is super-wide (Note that components of the left and right signals will bleed over into each other). In M/S mode, 0% is mid-only, and 100% is side-only.
9 Modulation System Introduction Sandman Pro utilizes Unfiltered Audio s flagship modulation system, with which you can quickly patch anything from simple parameter changes to complex and even self-evolving systems. Starting off is very easy due to the direct cable-routing user interface. The first step is to show the modulation manager by clicking the Modulation button in the bottom corner of the interface. You ll see the plugin interface get taller, revealing modulation sources, outputs, and inputs on each modulatable plugin parameter. Patching Input and Output Ports Outputs and inputs are both denoted by a simple circle. To avoid confusion, just remember that outputs are always located on the top left of each modulator. Everything else is an input. Output ports have a small circular scaling knob below them which can be used to alter its calculated output value. This knob is set to 1.0 by default (fully clockwise), but can be turned down to 0.0 (center) to zero out its values entirely, or -1.0 (fully counter clockwise) to invert them. Creating Connections To create your first modulation patch simply click and drag on one of the outputs. You ll see a cable appear next to your mouse, the end of which you can drag to any input on the interface. When you get close enough you ll see the cable lock into place, showing you that the path is valid. Once you release the mouse, the connection completes and you ll see the modulation start to animate in real-time. You can create a second connection from the same output source by clicking on it again. Likewise, try clicking and dragging from an input to an output, which works in the same fashion. Moving or Removing Connections In order to move a connection, click on one of the thicker ends of the cable, near the input or output port. You ll see the cable lock onto your mouse, allowing you to move it to a different input/output source. If you release the mouse while the cable is not locked onto any port, it will be removed entirely, which is how connections are deleted.
10 Inter-Modulation As you might have noticed, all of the knobs on each modulator have input ports of their own, capable of receiving modulation just like parameters on the main section of the interface. Any output port can be connected to these inputs, meaning that a modulator can even modulate its own parameters! Experimenting with complex inter-modulation chaining can lead to dynamically evolving behavior, and even emergent systems. Automation Our modulation system provides 16 automation slots that can be assigned to one or more modulation parameters. Every knob and button on a modulator can be assigned to one of these automation slots by right clicking on it and following the Add X to Automation Slot menu. Once assigned to a slot, this element will mirror the automated value sent in through your DAW. You ll also see a small number appear next to the element, denoting the automation slot number to which it is assigned. Adding Modulators You can add a new modulator by clicking the + button in the modulation header. At this time a maximum of 6 modulators can be used at once, although that is a somewhat arbitrary maximum that we plan to increase in the future. Removing and Duplicating Modulators Modulators can be removed or duplicated by right clicking on them and then selecting the appropriate option. Mute Modulation The Mute All button in the modulation header allows you to quickly mute and un-mute all modulation sources. Saving and Loading All modulation routing, values, automation, and general state is saved with the preset and/or with the DAW s session. Presets are a great way to quickly share interesting modulation patches with other users. Modulator Types You can change a modulator s type by clicking the dropdown menu next to its symbol. There are currently six types to choose from, each with its own characteristics and use case. Common parameters such as frequency will remain at their selected value, making the process of auditioning different modulator types both quick and easy. LFOs: Sine/Saw/Tri/Square The LFO family of modulators all use common primitive wave types which are useful for classic envelope style parameter modulation.
11 The Amplitude knob is common to all of them, corresponding to the depth of modulation. This can be either Bipolar or Unipolar which is determined by the state of the +/- button in the modulator s bottom left corner. Bipolar modulation always fluctuates between negative and positive, whereas unipolar modulation is always positive when the amplitude is above 0% and always negative when it is below 0%. The Frequency knob corresponds to the speed of modulation. It is set in Hz (cycles per second) when in non-tempo-synced mode. Tempo Sync can be activated by clicking the Hz button on the left side of the modulator, which will turn into a musical note symbol indicating that it has been initiated. In tempo sync mode, modulation speed is synchronized to divisions of the DAWs global tempo setting- for instance setting the frequency to ¼ will correspond to quarter-note modulation cycles. The Phase knob determines the value of the LFO at its starting point. The starting point occurs when the DAW s transport (playback) resets. The LFO can be manually reset with the trigger button on its left side, or via the reset modulation input below that. An input signal transitioning above zero here will trigger the reset. The Saw/Tri modulator has an additional Shape knob which determines the slope of the triangular wave. At the default value of 0.5, you get a normal triangle wave. At 0.0, you get a downward sloping triangle wave and at 1.0 you get an upward sloping triangle. The Square modulator has a Width knob which changes the pulse width of the square wave. At the default value of 0.5, you get a normal half-up, half-down square wave. As you approach 0.0, the wave will be almost entirely down, and conversely as you approach 1.0, the wave will be almost entirely up. Input Follower The input follower modulator allows you to easily sidechain parameters to the incoming audio stream. The Smooth knob determines the speed of the rms meter used to track the incoming audio. Lower values correspond to a more instantaneous reading, while higher values smooth everything out. Macro Control The macro modulator can act as a manual control knob capable of outputting values to multiple parameters. In this way you can control many knobs with a single gesture. Alternatively, you can patch many modulation sources into the amplitude knob s input port, turning the macro control into a summing modulation bus. Sample and Hold Noise The sample and hold noise modulator chooses random values at the chosen frequency rate. The Slew knob controls the amount of interpolation time whenever a new value is set. At a slew of 0.0 values change instantly, whereas at 1.0 they interpolate over the entire cycle period. Tempo Sync and Uni/Bipolar can be set on this modulator just like LFOs (see above).
12 Step Sequencer The step sequencer is a modulator that cycles through up to 16 manually chosen values. T: Trigger input. This includes both a manual button and a modulation input. If the button is clicked or the modulation input transitions to a positive signal, the sequencer s active stage will increase by one. R: Reset input. This includes both a manual button and a modulation input. If the button is clicked or the modulation input transitions to a positive signal, the sequencer s active stage will reset immediately to the stage set by the START control. AMP: Sets the maximum amplitude of the modulation outputs. FREQ: Sets the rate at which the sequencer automatically increments. With tempo sync off, this can be set to 0 Hz, making the sequencer only increment based on the state of the T input. LENGTH: Sets the number of active steps in the sequence. START: Sets the first stage in the sequence. This stage is selected when playback restarts or the Reset input is triggered. SLEW: Determines how quickly the output values change. At 0.0, the modulation output is stepped. As SLEW increases, new values are smoothly selected, adding a slide effect between values. ROLI Lightpad This modulator connects to the excellent ROLI Lightpad ( for use as a performance controller. Please note that because this is part of the modulation system, this modulator is not intended for writing automation. If you want to use the Lightpad for automation, you can use the ROLI Blocks Dashboard for loading the interface of your choice and sending MIDI CC. To get started, connect the Lightpad to your computer using either its USB-C cable or Bluetooth. For instructions on setting up a Bluetooth connection, see the Lightpad s manual. Once a Lightpad is connected to your computer, it should appear in the drop-down menu on this modulator. Select it and click Connect. The interface should turn white. You are now in Location + Pressure Mode. To change the active mode, click the large control button on the side of the Lightpad. LOCATION + PRESSURE MODE In this mode, the modulator will track the position of one finger on the Lightpad along with its pressure. There are separate outputs for X, Y, Z (Pressure), and On (Touch Gate: on when a finger is touching the Lightpad, otherwise off). SLIDERS In this mode, the modulator will output the value of four vertical sliders. Due to the resolution of the Lightpad s screen, it may appear that there are only 15 possible values for the slider. However, the information that is read is higher resolution. TOGGLES In this mode, the modulator will output the value of four toggle switches. QUAD PRESSURE In this mode, the modulator will output four separate pressure values (one for each quadrant of the Lightpad).
13 Options Sandman Pro 1.1 introduces an expanded options menu. The following unique options are available in Sandman Pro: Enable Display: This enables or disables the waveform display at the bottom of Sandman Pro s interface. If you have multiple open interfaces and want to reduce the workload on your graphics hardware, it can be useful to turn this off. Balanced Dry/Wet: In Sandman Pro 1.0, the Mix control behaved the same way as the Mix control on Fault, Dent, and Indent. At 50% Mix, the Wet and Dry portions of the mix appear at 50% of their regular amplitude. With this option enabled, at 50% Mix, the Wet and Dry portions of the mix appear at 100% of their regular amplitude. If you don t like the amplitude drop that occurs when Sandman Pro is first loaded, you should enable this option.
14 Recipes and Ideas Steve Reichian Phased Loops Set Delay Time Mode to Spread. Set a long primary (L) delay time. Set R to a very small offset (5-40 ms). Run some audio into Sandman Pro and freeze it by activating Sleep. Listen to your loops go slowly out of phase with each repetition. Time Stretcher Set Delay Mode to Modern Instant. Turn off Tempo Sync. Set Delay Time to 5-50 ms. Connect a rising sawtooth LFO modulator to the Delay Time control. Tweak the modulation depth and sawtooth speed until you find a sound you like. Ping-Pong Delay Turn on Mono mode. Pan the input hard left or hard right (100% in either direction). Turn up X-Feedback.
15 Credits and Thanks Sandman Pro is written by Joshua Dickinson and Michael Hetrick. We d like to thank: Curtis Roads, Matthew Wright, Andres Cabrera and the UCSB MAT faculty for their guidance. Steve Reich for musical inspiration. Lance Putnam for his flexible DSP library, Gamma. Plugin Alliance for helping us do this full-time. Our families, for putting up with the constant stream of weird sounds coming out of our offices (and random stress over esoteric bugs).
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Home / SmellyBlog / Decoding Obscure Notes: Africa Stone
Decoding Obscure Notes: Africa Stone
Written by Ayala Sender
Filed under Africa Stone, Decoding Obscure Notes, Hyraceum, Rock Hyrax
Sorry to disappoint you, but Africa Stone will not get you high. It has nothing to do with ganja. Nor is Africa Stone a precious rock or a mineral (although it does have some geological significance). Rather, it is a more romantic and mysterious sounding name for a fossilized metabolic product derived from the droppings (in other words: pellet-shaped poop) of the African-in-origin animal called Rock hyrax. Other names for it are rock badger, rock rabbit, Cape hyrax, or dassie if you are in South Africa it. In Hebrew Shaffahn Sela, and in Arabic وبر صخري ("wabr sakhri"). It roams not only in Africa, but also the Middle East - and can be found wild in Israel and Jordan, where it is also notorious for spreading the nasty skin diseases leishhmeniasis, unfortunately.
This unusual yet commonly spread mammal has an appearance reminiscent of a large guinea pig, yet is surprisingly related to the elephant and the Sirenians (herbivorous sea mammals, including the manatee and other sea "cows"): all belong to the Paenungulata clade. The rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) is a mammal from the Afrotherian superorder and is the only genus in the order Hyracoidea (and the only member of the family Procaviidae, which kind of defeats the purpose of belonging to a family at all...). The rest of its relatives, creatures from the Paleogene period have become extinct long ago. Hyraxes are relatively contemporary, having emerged in the relatively recent Neogene period.
There are several curious things about its anatomy, which point to this direction: first of all, it has two unusual incisors, which are common to the tusks in elephants and dugongs. Secondly, its nails are flat much like the elephant's.
Rock hyrax is a territorial animal that lives in large colonies in caves and rock crevices throughout Africa and the Middle East. They usually have one male with a large herds of females and youngsters. The male acts as a sentry to the group, and will call out to warn them and get them all to return quickly to their cave. The male is mostly the one that marks their territory with highly odoriferous droppings that get their scent from animal pheromones that both the male and female excrete.
Hyraceum: the aged and fossilized droppings of the rock hyrax. Because the hyrax lives in the same areas for generations. Their droppings and urine compress and petrify, and become almost like a fossil overtime. Some of these middens can be even 50,000 years old, and can show layers of evidence from bygone times [1]. Similarly to the amber from Pinus succinifera, this fossil retains its scent. And this is why it is so useful for perfume making. In South African folk medicine, hyraceum is called Umchamo wenfen [2] and is used to treat snake and scorpion bites [3], as an antidote for poisons, for abdominal pain, to ease pregnancy, to treat diabetes and prostate problems, as well as epilepsy and convulsions. Some research shows that it has an affinity with GABA-benzodiazepine receptor, which is how it supposedly helpful in stopping seizures, much like the drugs lorazepam and diazepam.
Its use in perfumery is fairly new though, and becomes increasingly more popular as it can replace civet and castoreum without the need for hunting or animal torture.
Constituents: Unknown.
Physical appearance & characteristics: In its raw form, Africa Stone does resemble a rock more than an organic matter. Depending on its age and how petrified it is, hyraceum can be very hard and difficult to break down, or it can be more sticky and resin-like. The pure absolute is a dark-brown, opaque viscous liquid not unlike molasses.
Volatility rate: Base note and a fixative
Odour description: Leathery and fecal at the same time. Gamey, animalic, nutty, floral, yeasty/mushroomy (like porcini/cèpes), phenolic, tanned hydes, fur, dark earth, sweat, gassoline. Putrid, like a carcass.
Perfumery Uses: An animal material that is cruelty free and possesses many characteristics that are similar to both civet and castoerum. Can be used in minute quantities to amplify floral compositions and provide fixative support to any genre. Use in high doses in Russian Leather type fragrances in place of castoreum. In moderate doses in all categories such as Chypre, Fougère, Oriental, etc. to give a perfume the animalic depth it requires. It does not serve exactly as a substitute to civet and castoreum, as it as it does not have the same transformative power unique to these animal materials, where the smaller amount completely transforms the composition even if its own aroma cannot be clearly detected. Perhaps the Gods of Perfume require the sacrifice of animal life or welfare to grant the perfumer with such an effect.
Perfumes with Hyraceum: Hyraceum is a relatively new raw material in the fragrance context. A quick search down Basenotes directory of Africa Stone leads to a very short list of fragrances, and all of them contemporary by niche houses, including Fig by Aftelier, Foxy and Chinchilla by Dawn Spencer Hurwitz, Carmine and Kazimi by House of Matriarch, Gracing the Dawn by Roxana Illuminated Perfume and a few more. Curiously, there is one perfume by Penhaligon's from 1870, but I suspect this is a 2011 reformulation by Bertrand Duchafur that added this ingredient. Under Hyraceum you'll also find a few others, mostly by brands I don't recognize, and then Phenomene Verte II by Parfums Lalun (the 1st one was wonderful). By yours truly, you could first find Africa Stone in the now defunct Gaucho, which was launched the same year as InCarnation. More lately, Treazon, Narkiss and Inbar also contain this note.
Aromatherapy uses: None.
Blending Tips: Pre-dilute to 1-3% for subtle presence and to benefit from its fixative advantage without changing the personality of your composition too much. This is particularly improtant if you're working with 10% dilutions with most of your building blocks. Use in as high as 15% dilutions in composition that require this note to be noticeable and dominant (i.e.: Leather, Tobacco, Orientals, etc.), or if you're using pure essences (undiluted) when composing. Hyraceum goes well with costus, labdanum, vanilla, tobacco, tuberose, jasmine, castoreum, cade, narcissus, orris butter, agarwood, etc.
Safety considerations: None known. Not for flavour use.
Additional sources:
[1] Quaternary Science Reviews Volume 56, 21 November 2012, Pages 107-125
[2]Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014; 11(5): 67–72. Published online 2014 Aug 23.
[3] South African Journal of Science , S. Afr. j. sci. vol.103 n.11-12 Pretoria Nov./Dec. 2007

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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4 Amy Pl
4 Amy Pl is a single family residence located in White Plains, NY 10605. Built in 1936, this property features 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, 10,022 sq ft lot, and 1,303 sq ft of living space. The estimated market value for 4 Amy Pl is $622,000.
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Property Details: 4 Amy Pl
Parcel Number: 55170013800500170040000000
County: Westchester
Subdivision: REYNAL PARK SEC 01
Tract: 9701
Zoning: R1-5
Heating Type: HOT WATER
Cooling Type: NP
BASEMENT Garage
2016 $12,773 (+92.39%) $2,825 $11,000 $13,825
2014 $12,443 (+90%) $2,825 $11,000 $13,825
2010 $11,273 $2,825 $11,000 $13,825
8 Amy Pl, White Plains, NY 10605
10 Reynal Rd, White Plains, NY 10605
6 Reynal Rd, White Plains, NY 10605
The average sales price of homes similar to 4 Amy Pl is $561,280 ($412/sq.ft.)
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300 Mamaroneck Ave
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Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834-1907; see portrait of Mendeleev in 1878 by Kramskoy) was born in Tobolsk, in Western Siberia. His chief contribution to chemistry was the establishment of the periodic system of elements. Mendeleev was one of a number of independent discoverers of the periodic law in the 1860s--that number ranging from one [Leicester 1948] to six [van Spronsen 1969] depending on the criteria one adopts. Mendeleev's formulation was clearly superior in several respects to the work of contemporary classifiers: it was the clearest, most consistent, and most systematic formulation, and Mendeleev made several testable predictions based on it. It was not, however, free from error. Scientists, even great scientists, trying to see further than others have in the past, do not always see the whole picture clearly. As noted below, Mendeleev himself corrected some of the errors within a few years; others persisted well into the 20th century.
This table and the accompanying observations were first presented to the Russian Chemical Society in March 1869. (Actually, Mendeleev was ill, and his colleague Nikolai Menshutkin presented his paper [Menschutkin 1934].) The paper was published in the first volume of the new society's journal. That same year, a German abstract of the paper, consisting of the table and eight comments, was published in Zeitschrift für Chemie. The German abstract was the vehicle by which Mendeleev's ideas reached chemists working in Western Europe. An English translation of that German abstract is presented here. View a manuscript draft of the table.
By ordering the elements according to increasing atomic weight in vertical rows so that the horizontal rows contain analogous elements, still ordered by increasing atomic weight, one obtains the following arrangement, from which a few general conclusions may be derived.
B=11 Al=27,4 ?=68 Ur=116 Au=197?
N=14 P=31 As=75 Sb=122 Bi=210?
The elements, if arranged according to their atomic weights, exhibit an evident stepwise variation of properties.
Chemically analogous elements have either similar atomic weights (Pt, Ir, Os), or weights which increase by equal increments (K, Rb, Cs).
The arrangement according to atomic weight corresponds to the valence of the element and to a certain extent the difference in chemical behavior, for example Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F.
The elements distributed most widely in nature have small atomic weights, and all such elements are marked by the distinctness of their behavior. They are, therefore, the representative elements; and so the lightest element H is rightly chosen as the most representative.
The magnitude of the atomic weight determines the properties of the element. Therefore, in the study of compounds, not only the quantities and properties of the elements and their reciprocal behavior is to be taken into consideration, but also the atomic weight of the elements. Thus the compounds of S and Tl [sic--Te was intended], Cl and J, display not only analogies, but also striking differences.
One can predict the discovery of many new elements, for example analogues of Si and Al with atomic weights of 65-75.
A few atomic weights will probably require correction; for example Te cannot have the atomic weight 128, but rather 123-126.
From the above table, some new analogies between elements are revealed. Thus Bo (?) [sic--apparently Ur was intended] appears as an analogue of Bo and Al, as is well known to have been long established experimentally.
The principle of periodicity is apparent in this first sentence: repetition of chemical properties in a series of elements arranged by atomic weight. Note also the cosmetic difference between Mendeleev's layout and that of modern tables, which order the elements in horizontal rows such that families of elements appear in vertical columns. Mendeleev would use the latter sort of layout before long [Mendeleev 1871].
This table contains several implicit predictions of unknown elements. Mendeleev soon retreated from this prediction of a heavier analogue of titanium and zirconium. His later tables [Mendeleev 1871] erroneously placed lanthanum in this spot. This original prediction was actually borne out in 1923 with the discovery of hafnium.
Rhodium (Rh) is misplaced. It belongs between ruthenium (Ru) and palladium (Pd). Technetium (Tc), the element which belongs between ruthenium and molybdenum (Mo) has no stable isotopes and was not synthesized until 1937.
Most of the elements in this column are slightly out of order. After tungsten (W) should come rhenium (Re), which was not yet discovered, followed by osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi). Bismuth, however, is placed correctly insofar as it completes the row beginning with nitrogen (N). At this time, lead was frequently miscategorized, placed among elements which form compounds with one atom of oxygen (PbO analogous to CaO, for example); however, lead also forms a compound with two atoms of oxygen (PbO2 analogous to CO2) and it belongs in the same group as carbon (C). Similarly, thallium was often placed among elements which form compounds with one atom of chlorine (TlCl analogous to NaCl, for example); however, thallium also forms a compound with three atoms of chlorine (TlCl3 analogous to BCl3) and it belongs in the same group as boron (B).
The classification of hydrogen has been an issue throughout the history of periodic systems. Some tables place hydrogen with the alkali metals (lithium, sodium, etc.), some with the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, etc.), some with both, and some in a box of its own detached from the main body of the table. Mendeleev's original table did none of the above, placing it in the same row as copper, silver, and mercury.
Uranium (standard symbol U) is misplaced. Its atomic weight is actually more than double the value given here. The element which belongs between cadmium (Cd) and tin (Sn) is indium (In), and Mendeleev put indium there in the next version of his table [Mendeleev 1871]. The proper place for uranium, however, would not be found until the 1940s.
In German publications, J is frequently used instead of I as the chemical symbol for iodine (Jod, in German). Iodine is placed correctly after tellurium (i.e., with the halogens) despite having a lower atomic weight than tellurium. See comment 7 after the table.
The prediction of an unknown element following calcium is a weak version of Mendeleev's subsequent prediction of the element we now know as scandium, discovered in 1879 [Nilson 1879]. In Mendeleev's 1871 table [Mendeleev 1871] the missing element is correctly placed between calcium and titanium, and as an analogue of yttrium. That the 1869 prediction is flawed can be seen from the fact that every other entry in the bottom reaches of the table is wrong. (See next note.) Still, the prediction deserves more credit than van Spronsen gave it [van Spronsen 1969, p. 220]: "That the element next to calcium later proved to be scandium, was fortuitous; Mendeleev cannot be said to have already foreseen this element in 1869."
The elements placed in the last four rows of the table puzzled Mendeleev, as is apparent from the glut of question marks and the fact that several are out of order according to their assigned atomic weights. Many of these elements were rare and poorly characterized at the time. Didymium appeared in many lists of elements at this time, but it was later proved to consist of two elements, praseodymium and neodymium. The atomic weights of erbium, yttrium (standard symbol Y), indium, cerium, lanthanum, and thorium are wrong. The interdependence of atomic weights and chemical formulas that plagued determinations of atomic weight since the time of Dalton was still problematic for these elements. Most of them elements (erbium, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, and the component elements of didymium) belong to the family of rare earths, a group whose classification would present problems for many years to come. (Thorium belongs to the group of elements immediately below most of the rare earths.) Many of the rare earths were not yet discovered, and (as already noted) the atomic weights of the known elements were not well determined. The chemical properties of the rare earths are so similar that they were difficult to distinguish and to separate. Mendeleev made some progress with these elements in the next couple of years. His 1871 table [Mendeleev 1871] has correct weights for yttrium, indium, cerium, and thorium, and correct classification for yttrium and indium.
Groups of similar elements with consecutive atomic weights are a little-emphasized part of classification systems from Mendeleev's time and before (cf. Newlands 1864) to the present.
The existence of a very regular progression in atomic weight among elements with similar chemical behavior had attracted the attention of chemists almost from the time they began to measure atomic weights [Döbereiner 1829]. The triad of elements Mendeleev cites here includes two (rubidium and cesium) discovered in the early 1860s. Mendeleev's table, however, goes beyond strictly regular isolated triads of elements to a systematic classification (albeit not always correct) of all known elements.
The valence of an element is essentially the number of bonds that element can make when it forms compounds with other elements. An atom of hydrogen, for example, can make just one bond, so its valence is one; we call it monovalent. An atom of oxygen can bond with two atoms of hydrogen, so its valence is two. Some elements, particularly heavier elements, have more than one characteristic valence. (For example, lead has valence 2 and 4; thallium has valence 1 and 3. See note 4 above.) The elements in the cited series have valences 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively.
Mendeleev is correct in this observation. The two lightest elements, hydrogen and helium (the latter as yet unknown) are the most common elements in the universe, making up the bulk of stars. Oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in the earth's crust. Iron is the heaviest element among the most abundant elements in the stars and the earth's crust.
Although the chemical behavior of elements in the same family is similar, it is not identical: there are differences due to the difference in atomic weight. For example, both chlorine and iodine form compounds with one atom of hydrogen: HCl and HI. These compounds are similar, in that they are both corrosive gases which dissolve readily in water. But they differ in that HI has, for example, a higher boiling point and melting point than HCl (typical of the heavier of a pair of related compounds).
In later publications [Mendeleev 1871] Mendeleev went into considerable detail regarding the properties of predicted elements. The success of these predictions played a part in establishing the periodic system, although apparently not the primary part. [Brush 1996] See Scerri & Worrall 2001 for a discussion of prediction and accommodation in the periodic table.
Mendeleev went on to incorporate this "correction" in his 1871 table [Mendeleev 1871], listing the atomic weight of tellurium as 125. But the "correction" is erroneous. Mendeleev was right to put tellurium in the same group with sulfur and oxygen; however, strict order of atomic weights according to the best information he had available would have required iodine (127) to come before tellurium (128). He was suspicious of this apparent inversion of atomic weight order; as it happens, the atomic weights Mendeleev had available to him agree with the currently accepted values.
While his suggestion to change that of tellurium was wrong, his classification was correct and his faith in the regularity of the periodic system was only slightly misplaced. The natural order of the elements is not quite one of increasing atomic weight, but one of increasing atomic number. In 1913, a discovery by Henry Moseley made the atomic number more than simply a rank order for the elements [Moseley 1913, 1914]. The atomic number is the same as the quantity of positive charge in the nucleus of an atom. The periodic system contains a few "inversions" of atomic weight, but no inversions of atomic number.
Johann Döbereiner, Poggendorf's Annalen der Physik und Chemie 15, 301-307 (1829); translated as "An Attempt to Group Elementary Substances according to Their Analogies," in Henry M. Leicester & Herbert S. Klickstein, eds., A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400-1900 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1952)], pp. 268-272.
Dmitrii Mendeleev, "The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements," Journal of the Chemical Society (London) 55, 634-656 (1889); annotated text.


text:
Mars US •1 hour 61.23 +0.33 +0.54%
2 mins Iran Captures British Tanker sailing through Straits of Hormuz
Trade Truce Sends Oil Prices Higher
The intention of Presidents Trump…
Oil Prices Set For Worst Weekly Drop In Five Weeks
Concerns about weakening global economy…
Andy Tully
Andy Tully is a veteran news reporter who is now the news editor for Oilprice.com
Saudi Facing Largest Deficit In Its History
By Andy Tully - Dec 29, 2014, 4:25 PM CST
The nearly 50 percent plunge in the price of oil during the past six months is expected to leave oil-rich Saudi Arabia with its first budget deficit since 2011 and the largest in its history.
The budget, announced on Dec. 25, will include spending during fiscal 2015 of $229.3 billion, higher than in 2014, despite revenues estimated at only $190.7 billion, lower than in the current fiscal year. That would leave a deficit of $38.6 billion.
Oil prices have been dropping since June because of a market glut, caused in part because of prodigious oil extraction in the United States from shale formations.
Related: Saudi Arabia Ready For $20, $30, $40 Oil
As a result of this glut, OPEC was urged to cut production levels at its Nov. 27 meeting in Vienna in an effort to shore up prices, but wealthy members of the cartel, led by Saudi Arabia, decided to keep production at its nearly two-year-old level of 30 million barrels a day.
Saudi Oil Minister Ali al-Naimi has since explained that the OPEC strategy was to reclaim market share. Fracking has made the United States, once the cartel's largest customer, nearly self-sufficient in oil. But fracking is expensive, and many believe it can't be profitable if the price of oil falls much below its current level of around $60 per barrel.
Oil is the principal, if not the only, resource in Saudi Arabia, so it's clear that the price of oil has a strong influence on how the country's annual budget is drawn up. Different analyses, however, provide different answers to how Riyadh has forecast the commodity's value. Four of these reports say the Saudi budget is predicated on oil averaging $55 to $63 per barrel in 2015.
One, from the Saudi investment bank Jadwa Investment, said the budget shows that the kingdom expects its oil exports to average $56 per barrel in 2015. Monica Malik, the chief economist at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, agrees, putting Saudi oil expectations at $55 per barrel.
The National Commercial Bank, the largest financial institution in Saudi Arabia, said the Finance Ministry expects a price of $61 per barrel. And Emad Mostaque, an oil strategist at Ecstrat, which consults for emerging markets, said the kingdom expected a price of $63 per barrel.
Related: Did The Saudis And The US Collude In Dropping Oil Prices?
One particularly knowledgeable analyst is John Sfakianakis, the former chief economic adviser to the Saudi Finance Ministry. He told the London-based Arabic-language newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat that the budget is predicated on oil prices that are appreciably higher, averaging about $75 per barrel in 2015 while keeping production steady at 7 million barrels per day.
"What happened is a surprise to some extent, for amid this huge decline in the price of oil, the majority of people believed that the Saudi budget would base its projected revenues on $60 per barrel," Sfakianakis said.
"When Saudi Arabia bases its projected oil revenues for next year on $75 per barrel, it is sending a strong message to the market that it expects oil prices to rebound next year," Sfakianakis said.
By Andy Tully of Oilprice.com
How Broken Are The Energy Markets?
OPEC Ministers Decry Price War Conspiracy Theories
OPEC Calls For Widespread Production Cuts
Follow The Trends For Oil Price Rebound
Could Libyan Militants Spark An Oil Price Rebound?
zipsprite on December 29 2014 said:
"Fracking has made the United States, once the cartel's largest customer, nearly self-sufficient in oil."
Why do people keep repeating this nonsense? We produced somewhere around 9MB/day in 2014. We consumed somewhere around 18MB/day. How does that qualify as "nearly self-sufficient"??? Yet you hear this myth repeated constantly. Yes, production has increased dramatically in the last four years in the US, but self sufficient? Dream on.
Carl Rimmer on December 30 2014 said:
I think your getting self sufficient and weaned of middle east oil mixed up.
DickRitalin on December 30 2014 said:
Hilarious watching seething greedy arabs panic for oil price stabilization. Remember the "Oil Embargos"? What goes around comes around. :-)
Mr. Bernard Wijeyasingha on December 30 2014 said:
Some of the fallout:
Massive number of foreign migrant workers who sent remittances to their home countries and those nations who depend on them will be severely impacted
the end of the Petrodollar.
RE on December 30 2014 said:
Poor Saudis. My heart goes out to all of them....
I guess 4.88 QUADRILLION DOLLARS is hard to live on.
Boy! What a curl world!
VillageViking on December 30 2014 said:
Frack baby, frack...until it hurts!
StageCoachDriver on December 30 2014 said:
I think part of the low oil price motivation is against Russia. We destroyed the USSR with a similar tactic under Reagan. I believe Saudi Arabia sees Russia supporting destabilization influence is the Middle East.
In the mean time, I'm enjoying the low gasoline prices.
rob on December 30 2014 said:
This brings up an interesting point.
Just what are Saudi Arabia, and the other 'oil rich' states of the Middle East going to do when the gushers finally run dry. And they will. Someday.
They'd better get their houses in order now, and figure out some other way to pay for the excesses of their 'royalty', and to provide for their people. Poor people are angry people.
This won't end well.
Buck O'Fama on December 30 2014 said:
In a perfect world, all arabs would be wandering the desert dunes clueless, alone and without a shred of other human contact. Having failed at being human, reduced to being bipedal dromedaries.
4ever49 on December 30 2014 said:
Yup - 9MM per day vs. 18MM is hardly "self-sufficient".
It is probable the Saudi's see what is coming at them and are trying to slow the trend by reducing financial incentive.
stonehillady on December 30 2014 said:
I heard a different story, I heard they had to keep pumping because those caverns must be back filled with water to equalize the pressure or else, they are at the bottom of the barrel with every barrel they pump out it is only in reality only 10% oil the rest salt water. They have no other choice and it is estimated they will have to pump like this for 5 years, then they are finished.
Dave on December 30 2014 said:
Guess they should have invested their trillions in education and infrastructure and less in radical Islam and monuments to themselves. Now it may be too late.
willys36 on December 30 2014 said:
Oil does not exist in caverns. It is saturated in some sort of matrix such as unconsolidated sand which is 30% void space where the oil exists, always in the presence of water, or in the cracks in naturally fractured shale. There is no technical urgency for them to produce or not produce, it's all based on economics. Saudi fields are no different technically from every other field in the world, just bigger than most. The middle east has been living off their deep, light, prolific oil fields for most of a century and will be in fine shape for the bigger part of the next century. When those begin to deplete they have multiple billions of barrels of oil in shallower, heavy oil fields that will take a little more technology to extract but trust me, they are going to be the major producing area of the world for several more generations. The world is in no danger of suffering an oil, coal, natural gas, or nuclear energy shortage, probably until the sun explodes and destroys the solar system. We don't have an energy problem, we have a government problem.
Gill O'Teen on December 30 2014 said:
Sorry, but this is an oil war. This article correctly points out that fracking is expensive. It costs roughly twice as much to extract oil from shale as from desert sands. If I know this, the Saudis surely do as well. If they can drive the barrel price of oil down to about $40, American oil frackers cannot compete and will suffer the same fate as other non-competitive businesses always do - seeking bankruptcy protection. This is why, even with the current conditions, the Arabs expect the oil price to rebound - less competition. This will turn nasty.
Kaya on December 30 2014 said:
That's what happens when your entire population is a group of rent seekers - no producers.
Claire Alexander on December 30 2014 said:
As I read these comments I realize most people do not understand fracking, the states where it is taking place or the people who are doing it. There will be no capping of the oil wells no matter how low the price of oil. If the Saudis think to undercut the American shale oil industry they are sadly mistaken for many can turn a profit at thirty to forty dollars a barrel. Lower prices will simply spur our producers to produce more oil in order to make up for the shortfall in profits. I am a resident of Louisiana and we haven't come close to tapping all of our shale oil reserves. We already have the cheapest energy prices in the entire country and we are going to keep them cheap. Those cheap energy prices are a magnet for businesses who are building in our state. It is a new day for Louisiana and the country, one of prosperity and growth. America will dominate the next century with cheap and abundant energy.
tymwltl on December 30 2014 said:
If the political policies of nations can be controlled by the manipulation of oil prices and it helps the United States then by God bring it on !
John on December 30 2014 said:
Obama promised that he would make Health Care affordable, and that gas prices would necessarily skyrocket. He can't seem to do anything right...
Denny Johnson on December 30 2014 said:
the US Govt. should allow drilling on Federal (US taxpayer land)....... all revenue or royalties shoud go to paying down the deficit. Same with metals...... use Fed. lands and reduce the deficit......due from our children's children.
glenns26 on December 30 2014 said:
Yes, some US producers might go offline producing due to the low prices but when the price rebounds, back online they go. Eventually you are going to see a leveling of the price after the yo yo effect ends and when that happens the Sauds will no longer be the dominate force they have been.
dsdx on December 31 2014 said:
"This brings up an interesting point.
This won't end well."
Well, they have lots of money tied up in sovereign wealth funds, stocks, banks and other investments which will keep them afloat for a long time. Oil wont dry up anytime soon, if anything another 100 years.
Aaron Lewis on December 31 2014 said:
180 governments signed off on IPCC AR5, but the Arabs actually read it. AR5 says that for reasons of global warming, we must be off fossil fuels in 30 years.
The Arabs have 80 years of oil at recent production rates. If they want to sell most of their oil before AGW shuts down oil markets, they need to increase their market share. They can do that by pumping more oil. Pumping more oil is how they can collect more total oil revenue.
Edward R Boothe on December 31 2014 said:
For once, maybe justice has prevailed.
Clarence on December 31 2014 said:
I keep reading that the Saudi's are deliberately driving down the price of oil to get the US Fracking companies out of business. This argument doesn't make much sense. In the first place it's not the Saudi's driving prices down, it's the US Oil companies. Even if the Saudi's do cut production it won't affect the US market nearly as much as ME and S. American economies. The reason OPEC hasn't cut production is because they can't afford to. Oil sold for a profit at $30 a barrel 15 years ago, record profits. So let's say the Saudi's drive the price of oil to $40 a barrel, what then? They hold these price forever or does the price come back up where Fracking is profitable again. These oil prices equate to a $2 an hour raise for the average consumer.
Thomas S. Stein on December 31 2014 said:
Fracking is not expesnsive, and once in is even less so. The Saudis wanted to crush Russia and Iran. Iran is less vulnerable than Russia. However, the House of Saud is determined to eliminate the American subversion of Middle Eastern control. As soon as conditions are cranked out and confirmed by the legeslature, Iran will begin to fold. This means it will fall all over the Russian bear.
I project that Wal-Mart will get an opportunity to streamline North Dakota refining and distribution of Natural Gas and gasoline. This will produce a permanent retail price for gasoline, beneath 50cents a retail gallon. Likewise Natural gas. Then, the fringe utilization of these natural resources will become the issue and again, Wal-mart wil be the delivery mechanism. This is going to be the long-term mechanisn for American prosperity.


text:
Select other Michigan State Spartans Ahrens, Kyle Bingham Jr., Marcus Brown, Gabe Burke, Braden George, Conner Goins, Kenny Henry, Aaron Hoiberg, Jack Kithier, Thomas Langford, Joshua Loyer, Foster McQuaid, Matt Tillman, Xavier Ward, Nick Washington, Brock Winston, Cassius Michigan State Spartans
Brock Washington
Team: Michigan State Spartans Height: 6-4 Born: 3/30/1999
Class-Eligibility: So-So Weight: 185 Hometown: Southfield, MI
18-19 MSU 7 0 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .200 .000 1.000
Career 7 0 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .200 .000 1.000
18-19 MSU 7 0 7 1 5 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3
Career 7 0 7 1 5 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3
12/16 WI-GB W 104-83 2 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
12/21 Oak W 99-69 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12/29 NIU W 88-60 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1/2 NW W 81-55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1/24 @Iowa W 82-67 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2/9 Minn W 79-55 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3/5 Neb W 91-76 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3


text:
Registrations up 22 percent: thousands of African buyers expected to attend Global Sources' China Sourcing Fair in Johannesburg
A broad range of products from electronics to building materials on display at 600 booths
JOHANNESBURG, November 13, 2014 /PRNewswire/ — Thousands of professional buyers are expected to join Global Sources' (NASDAQ: GSOL) fifth annual China Sourcing Fair today in Johannesburg. Featuring the latest high-quality products from Greater China and other Asian countries, the Fair offers African importers the chance to deal face-to-face with suppliers who are highly motivated to do business in the region.
Running through Nov. 15 at the Johannesburg Expo Centre, Nasrec, the Fair will feature electronics, fashion accessories, garments and textiles, gifts and premiums, hardware and building materials and home products across 600 booths.
The event attracted more than 8,500 buyers last year. This year, registrations for the Fair grew 22 percent. "With the surge we have experienced in pre-registrations for the show, we are optimistic for a record turnout of buyers this year," said Tommy Wong, President of Global Sources Exhibitions. "China has been Africa's largest trading partner for five consecutive years, with business growing to US$210 billion in 2013, up from US$166 billion in 2011. The success of our show reflects that trend."
Wong also pointed out that sustained demand in Africa for quality goods from China is fueled by Africa's expanding middle class. "Global Sources is perfectly positioned to facilitate this accelerating trade relationship, not only with this annual sourcing event held in Africa's most economically advanced country, but also with our online suite of buyer-supplier services."
A key complimentary service offered by Global Sources at the Fair is an informative conference program titled "How to Source from China" which provides insights and advice on importing from China. Added to the program this year will be a presentation from the West Rand Chamber of Commerce on how to better understand and successfully navigate local South African government regulations on importing.
A ribbon-cutting ceremony was held to officially open the show today. Among those in attendance were:
Sun Dali, Consul General, Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Johannesburg
Mai Jiaomeng, Mayor, Huizhou Municipal People's Government, the People's Republic of China
Huang Yukun, Deputy Counsel, Department of Commerce of Guangdong Province
Wendy Lai, Vice President, Global Sources Exhibitions
Underscoring the emergence of Africa as a key trading partner with China, the China Sourcing Fair in Johannesburg is supported by many provincial and municipal governments of mainland China, as well as other organizations, including:
Department of Commerce of Guangdong Province
Bureau of Commerce of Huizhou Municipality
Bureau of Commerce of Shantou City
Jiangmen Bureau of Commerce
Bureau of Commerce of Jieyang City
Bureau of Commerce of Zhuhai City
Bureau of Commerce of Foshan City
Bureau of Commerce of Zhaoqing City
China Foreign Trade Guangzhou Exhibition General Corporation
Shenzhen Promotion Association for Small & Medium Enterprises
Foshan Electronic Information Industrial Association
Returning to the event this year is the exclusive "Africa Business Awards" which will feature two exclusive prizes for local business: a round-trip airline ticket to attend the China Sourcing Fairs in Hong Kong in April 2015, and a Rand 30,000 cash prize to be used for business investment and expansion.
More details about the China Sourcing Fairs are available at http://www.chinasourcingfair.com/southafrica.
To learn more about Global Sources, please visit our corporate website (http://www.corporate.globalsources.com), Facebook or Twitter (/globalsources).
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0 Singapore News Gazette November 13, 2014 Information Technology Tags » CPR, CSE, FAS, HOU
More Milestone Certifications Achieved by EMC, HP Workstation, NetApp, Promise Technology and Seneca
Focus Shifts from Technology to Customer Engagement in APAC Contact Center Applications Market, finds Frost & Sullivan


App Store update new trendy application on iPhone call Pic Lock.
- Colorful labels - Paint pastel colors on folder labels.
- Inactive lock - Lock the app when your device becomes inactive.
- List view - If thumbnail view doesn't work for you.
- Discrete quitting - Shake your device or turn it face down to quit the app.


text:
Illegal immigration group to mock U.S. law at DNC
September 5, 2012 | Michael Dorstewitz | Print Article
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A group of illegal immigrants emerged from the shadows to openlytour the South, finally winding its way to the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, N.C. The group, calling itself No Papers No Fear, has no doubt been emboldened by actions of the Obama administration.
For example, the Department of Justice has filed suit against any state that dares enforce federal immigration laws or enact voter ID laws, and the president recently signed an executive order granting special status to a class of illegal immigrants under the age of 31.
No Papers No Fear is comprised of almost 50 illegal immigrants who arrived in Charlotte to deliver its message. Before their arrival, the group's representatives held rallies in 20 Southern cities condemning anti-Latino prejudice. In the words of Miguel Guerra, the subject of a pending deportation hearing, "We're no longer afraid to say we are undocumented."
As impassioned as Guerra's group may be, the connection between illegal immigrants and anti-Latino prejudice is at best tenuous. One can be a Latino without being illegal, or an illegal without being a Latino. But there are larger problems at work here, included among them the possibility for voter fraud that illegal immigration creates.
I make no claim that the members of No Papers No Fear are breaking any laws other than remaining within our borders without permission. However, their mere presence opens the door wide open to voter fraud, especially in those states lacking adequate voter ID laws.
Many people believe 2012 promises to bring the most important election in years. And so a battle brews between charges of election fraud on one side and the pursuit of wider voter access on the other, and neither side is giving an inch.
In Florida, GOP Gov. Rick Scott tried for the better part of a year to gain access to lists of illegal immigrants from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. It took a federal court order to finally compel the federal agency to release the records so that those names can be purged from the voter rolls.
It's not just illegal immigrants creating the problem. Last Friday, a group called the Voter Integrity Project submitted a list of 30,000 dead people who are registered to vote to the North Carolina State Board of Elections.
Can a few cases of voter fraud in a couple of select states really impact an election? Talk to anyone who remembers the 1960 presidential contest, and he'll give you a resounding "yes." John F. Kennedy took Texas by 46,000 votes and Illinois by 9,000, sealing his election. Had Lyndon B. Johnson, Kennedy's running mate, not delivered Texas and Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley not revived the dead in Cook County, Ill., Richard M. Nixon would have been elected president eight years earlier than he was.
Although I may retain a tiny measure of sympathy for Guerra and his group of undocumented workers, they miss the point. No one questions the fact that prejudice is wrong — but breaking the law, which each member of Guerra's group is doing, is also wrong. What's more, the mere presence of illegal workers in the country during an election provides yet one more avenue for voter fraud.
If you enjoyed this article, "Like" us on Facebook and "Follow" us on Twitter.
Michael Dorstewitz
Mike has been with BizPac Review almost from the beginning. Follow him on Twitter at @MikeBPR.
Latest posts by Michael Dorstewitz (see all)
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Nate Silver from FiveThirtyEight via their YouTube channel.
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Trump blasts Maggie Haberman for spreading fake narrative involving Melania: 'Not angry at all'
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Ben Shapiro: The red fizzle
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Joe Biden is the king of debt and deficits
Dennis Prager: Kanye West, antisemitism and Candace Owens
Michael Busler
GOP is right: Social security and Medicare must be saved
DONATE TO BIZPAC REVIEWNow is the time. Truth has never been more critical!


All access pass to power.
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A drinking game amongst friends. Can either be played with 750's, Liters or 1.75's depending on the tolerance and size of the group. Obtain a bottle of Captain Morgan, Admiral Nelson and Sailor Jerry's. Also take the size of the group and multiply that times 2... obtain that many mini-shots of Kraken Black Spiced Rum (if you can't find those, a bottle will do just fine). The goal is to finish all three bottles of Captain, Admiral and Sailor and each member of the group get's 2 shots of the Kraken throughout the experience (in a fashion similar to getting Smirnoff "iced") as to simulate the event of a Kraken attack on the ship. After you have completed this game, you are now probably pretty intoxicated and can tell people you are "sailing the seas".
"What are we drinking tonight?"
"I don't know, man, I was thinking about manning the ship..."
"Dude! I'm so game! I'll tell the guys."
Get a Manning the Ship mug for your fish Nathalie.


Alila Diwa Goa, a new luxury hotel was all set to entertain vacationing families at its sprawling property. We identified the infinity pool as its USP. Our enticing print ad has made this pool extremely sought after.
Deliverables : Print ads, magazine ads, outdoor hoardings and e-mailers.


text:
Keynes: The Return of the Master (Hardcover)
By Robert Skidelsky
(special order)
The ideas of John Maynard Keynes have never been more timely. No one has bettered Keynes's description of the psychology of investors during a financial crisis: 'The practice of calmness and immobility, of certainty and security, suddenly breaks down. New fears and hopes will, without warning, take charge of human conduct… the market will be subject to waves of optimistic and pessimistic sentiment.'
Keynes's preeminent biographer, Robert Skidelsky, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, brilliantly synthesizes from Keynes's career and life the aspects of his thinking that apply most directly to the world we currently live in. In so doing, Skidelsky shows that Keynes's mixture of pragmatism and realism – which distinguished his thinking from the neo-classical or Chicago school of economics that has been the dominant influence since the Thatcher-Reagan era and which made possible the raw market capitalism that created the current global financial crisis – is more pertinent and applicable than ever. Crucially Keynes offers nervous capitalists – and Keynes never wavered in his belief in the capitalist system – a positive answer to the question we now face: When unbridled capitalism falters, is there an alternative?
"In the long run," as Keynes famously said, "we are all dead". We may not have time to wait for the perfect theoretical operation of capital as the neo-classicists insist will happen eventually. In the meantime, we have Keynes: more supple, more human and more magnificently real than ever.
Robert Skidelsky is Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick. His three volume biography of the economist John Maynard Keynes (1983, 1992, 2000) received numerous prizes, including the Lionel Gelber Prize for International Relations and the Council on Foreign Relations Prize for International Relations ('This three-volume life of the British economist should be given a Nobel Prize for History if there was such a thing' - Norman Stone). He is the author of The World After Communism (1995). He was made a life peer in 1991, and was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1994.
Economics - Theory
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Publication Date: September 1st, 2009
Paul Krugman,Observer(UK)
"An important contribution at a time of soul-searching, a must read even if one doesn't fully accept its conclusions…. This is a wonderfully stimulating book, one that reflects the author's unparalleled erudition. We're living in the second Age of Keynes—and Robert Skidelsky is still the guide of choice."
Richard A. Posner,The New Republic
"Skidelsky's summary of what is distinctive in Keynes's theory is excellent."
Roy Hattersley,Guardian(UK)
"Wonderfully lucid…. Ought to be considered required reading for every prospective minister."
"Explaining the present-day relevance of [Keynes'] theories is executed superbly by Skidelsky…. Skidelsky's book excels. It's a passionate polemic that makes a strong case for economists and policymakers to reread their Keynes."
Charles R. Morris,Commonweal
"A profound and beautifully written meditation on the dangers of bad ideas, readily accessible to anyone who isn't mystified by the headlines in theWall Street Journalor theEconomist."
James Srodes,Washington Times
"Valuable…. A neat synthesis: a first-rate short biography for those who have avoided knowing the man behind the myth until now; a clearly written and accessible timeline of just how and why the current crisis broke upon us; and a clearly stated argument for why Keynes was both right and why his precepts must be followed once again."
"Elegantly written and persuasively argued."
James SrodesWashington Times
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text:
Q: Error when passing argument Windows 10 manage-bde
I am trying to stop BitLocker from running the recovery process at each startup, following advice given here (I don't have the same computer as the question):
# Get TPM ID to use in next command:
  Manage-Bde -Protectors -Get C:

# I don't understand why it isn't getting the argument:
  Manage-Bde -Protectors -Delete C: -ID {XXXXX}

    ERROR: Parameter "-ID" requires an argument.

  Manage-Bde -Protectors -Add C: -TPM

Why is it not receiving the argument and is this the proper method for stopping BitLocker Recovery at each startup?

A: Powershell requires quotes around the ID:
Manage-Bde -Protectors -Delete C: -ID '{XXXXX}'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Neoproterozoic contains several pronounced negative carbon isotope excursions that have been the topic of intense debate. The foremost of these, the "Shuram excursion," represents the largest known carbon isotope excursion in Earth's history. These negative carbon isotope excursions have been variably interpreted to record primary seawater values and massive carbon cycle perturbations, diagenetic alteration, or porewater authigenic carbonate formation. Although there are abundant examples of recent and Phanerozoic authigenic carbonates with markedly negative carbonate carbon isotope values, these carbonates are clearly identifiable as diagenetic products, making it difficult to link them to Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursions. Here, we report the occurrence of a Middle Triassic, shallow-marine and lagoonal succession that contains a negative carbon isotope excursion in fine crystalline and peloidal carbonates that is comparable—in terms of its magnitude and stratigraphic structure and variability—to several Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursions. A coupled petrographic and multiple isotope (C-O-Sr-U) approach suggests that the excursion was driven by carbonate precipitation within anoxic porewaters. Extensive carbon precipitation in the upper portion of the sediment pile was likely linked to inhibited bioturbation and a high background carbonate saturation state in an evaporative setting. The discovery of a Phanerozoic authigenic carbon isotope excursion bolsters the case that some stratigraphically continuous Neoproterozoic negative carbon isotope excursions may be tied to carbonate formation within the sediment pile.
N28°00'00" - N30°00'00", E106°00'00" - E108°00'00"


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doctor strange Nov. 2, 2016
Benedict Cumberbatch Got His American Accent From a Surprising Source
By Abraham Riesman
Bendlesnorp Cumberdeepie. Photo: Paul Bruinooge/Patrick McMullan via Getty Images
There's plenty of magic in Doctor Strange, the latest Marvel Studios outing, but perhaps the greatest spell of all is the one that goateed leading man Benedict Cumberbatch pulls off in his dulcet baritone. Cumberbatch is, of course, a leading export in the U.K.'s thriving sexpot economy, in no small part due to his mellifluous English accent. So when the film's first trailer dropped and fans learned that he'd be playing Strange as a red-blooded American, there were justifiable fears that Cumberbatch might join some of his countrymen in flubbing the enterprise. But that was not the case! His American inflections are more or less flawless. How did he pull off such lingual wizardry?
At the movie's New York premiere, hosted by the Cinema Society and Lamborghini, we asked the slender thespian whose accent he modeled. "Probably [Doctor Strange director] Scott Derrickson, because he was there all the time," Cumberbatch said with a laugh. It was a bit of an any port in a storm situation, as it turns out: "The majority of the crew were English. We had American producers and Scott, and that was sort of it." However, he may have been unknowingly drawing on a past genre-film hunk. "I was about to say Harrison Ford," Cumberbatch said while trying to think of other role models. "You want a man like Harrison Ford in any film of this nature, but I don't think it's a Harrison Ford impression. But I think he's just subconsciously a great influence on my childhood era."
Still, much as Doctor Strange has to overcome Kaecilius in order to save the world, Cumberbatch faced a challenging foe in his quest to master the American dialect. We asked what the hardest word to say in the accent is. "Funny enough" — he then fell effortlessly into American-ese — "sorcerer" — back to Brit — "is really hard, for some reason. And that is a very important word for the character. There's a lot of Rs going on in that one." Yes, my friend. There really R.
comic-book movies
How Benedict Cumberbatch Got His American Accent


text:
Global Irish Newsletter: A Message from Minister of State Colm Brophy T.D.
16 Jul Global Irish Newsletter: A Message from Minister of State Colm Brophy T.D.
Posted at 10:07h in Latest News	by	Michelle
A Message from Minister of State Colm Brophy T.D.
Welcome to this latest edition of the Global Irish Newsletter.
I feel deeply honoured to have been appointed Ireland's Minister for the Diaspora. I am delighted that the new Government has again confirmed the importance of the relationship with our Diaspora by appointing a dedicated Minister of State.
We are committed to strengthening that relationship.
We will publish a new diaspora policy this year.
We will bring forward legislation to allow for a referendum on extending voting rights in presidential elections to Irish citizens abroad.
We will continue to prioritise the Emigrant Support Programme, to protect the most vulnerable members of our overseas communities.
We also want to provide greater opportunities for younger members of our diaspora to work and study in Ireland.
I would like to pay tribute to Irish organisations around the world for all their work during the Covid-19 crisis in supporting the most vulnerable and isolated members of their communities. The London Irish Centre, to give just one example, has shown great leadership, flexibility and imagination in responding to the crisis, providing support for the vulnerable; advice, outreach and befriending services to the isolated; and a fantastic online programme of cultural events. I congratulate them for adapting so well to the needs of their community.
I look forward to meeting you and to working with you in supporting and promoting vibrant Irish communities around the world.
Beir bua agus beannacht,
Colm Brophy T.D.
Minister of State for the Diaspora and International Development
See Minister Colm Brophy's CV here.


text:
THE ROYAL NAVAL AIR SERVICE IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
This book makes five original documents relating to the work of Britains Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) during the First World War readily available to students and historians. To enhance visual interest a large collection of photographs, many hitherto unpublished, has been added. Some of these relate directly to the aircraft and events mentioned in the documents, but others show developments before and after the periods covered. The five documents concerned are the Diary of Important Operations, Flanders, 1916: Disposition of Aircraft, 24 February, 1917: Royal Naval Air Service Communiques
Nos 1 to 14: Truing-up of Aeroplanes: Issued by the Air Department on 1 September 1916: and The Grain drawings, a unique set of sketches and drawings made by a draughtsman at the RNAS seaplane repair station at Port Victoria, Isle of Grain, in Kent during the Great War.All of these documents offer an array of fascinating insight into Royal Naval Air Service practices during the Great War. Much of the content on display has never been printed before. This unique treasure trove of visual reference is sure to appeal to all serious First World War historians, students and enthusiasts.
- Consolidates five original documents, published here in full for the first time.
- Sure to appeal to historians and students as well as general First World War enthusiasts.
- The documents are supplemented by an array of photographs and other illustrative materials throughout, making for an intensely visual and highly engaging publication.
Marca Pen & Sword Books Limited
1914-1918: Primera Guerra Mundia
Philip Jarrett
Disponible habitualmente


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an extension Google News, providing free access to scanned archives of newspapers and links to other newspaper archives on the web, both free and paid.
Search-Tips-For-Google-News-Archive.htm). This article provides useful tips on doing successful searches in Google News Archive.