text:
Middleburg es una localidad del Condado de Loudoun, Virginia, Estados Unidos. Según el censo de 2000 tenía una población de 632 habitantes y una densidad de población de 420.7 hab/km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2000, había 632 personas, 322 hogares y 171 familias residiendo en la localidad. La densidad de población era de 420,7 hab./km². Había 364 viviendas con una densidad media de 242,3 viviendas/km². El 76,58% de los habitantes eran blancos, el 20,25% afroamericanos, el 0,16% asiáticos, el 1,27% de otras razas y el 1,74% pertenecía a dos o más razas. El 4,27% de la población eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.

Según el censo, de los 322 hogares en el 20,2% había menores de 18 años, el 33,2% pertenecía a parejas casadas, el 14,9% tenía a una mujer como cabeza de familia y el 46,6% no eran familias. El 39,4% de los hogares estaba compuesto por un único individuo y el 15,8% pertenecía a alguien mayor de 65 años viviendo solo. El tamaño promedio de los hogares era de 1,96 personas y el de las familias de 2,57.

La población estaba distribuida en un 16,9% de habitantes menores de 18 años, un 5,9% entre 18 y 24 años, un 29,4% de 25 a 44, un 26,1% de 45 a 64 y un 21,7% de 65 años o mayores. La media de edad era 44 años. Por cada 100 mujeres había 72,7 hombres. Por cada 100 mujeres de 18 años o más, había 71,6 hombres.

Los ingresos medios por hogar en la localidad eran de 40.625 dólares ($) y los ingresos medios por familia eran 60.313 $. Los hombres tenían unos ingresos medios de 41.875 $ frente a los 32.708 $ para las mujeres. La renta per cápita para la ciudad era de 32.643 $. El 9,9% de la población y el 6,7% de las familias estaban por debajo del umbral de pobreza. El 10,7% de los menores de 18 años y el 10,3% de los habitantes de 65 años o más vivían por debajo del umbral de pobreza.

Geografía
Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, la localidad tiene un área total de 1,5 km², todos ellos correspondientes a tierra firme.

Lugares próximos

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Virginia
Localidades del condado de Loudoun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Don't panic.

We have covered that computers can be real pedantic assholes, right?

Stack traces are how they make sure you don't forget.

Being able to understand stack traces is a very valuable skill!

## Anatomy of a Stack Trace

Stack traces start with a error type (from the example below, ZeroDivisionError), then a message (from the example below, "divided by 0") and then the full stack trace.

The stack traces describes the full call stack.  For now, you can think of the call stack as the list of methods in the program that haven't yet returned, and the methods that they are waiting for results from, listed with the most recently called methods on top. Call stacks are read from top to bottom.

## First Example:

    1.9.3-p194 :019 > b/a
     => 0
    1.9.3-p194 :020 > a = 3
     => 3
    1.9.3-p194 :021 > b = 0
     => 0
    1.9.3-p194 :022 > b/a
     => 0
    1.9.3-p194 :023 > a/b
    ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0
      from (irb):23:in `/'
      from (irb):23
      from /Users/elizabrock/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/irb:16:in `'

What is happening here? How do we fix it?

Start by describing the error type, then the message and finally, what line number it happened on.

* Error Type: ZeroDivisionError
* Message: divided by 0
* Line Number: line 23 of the irb session

### Fix:

Add a guard to make sure that b isn't 0.  For example:

    a/b if b > 0

Or:

    if b > 0
      a/b
    else
      0
    end

## Second Example:

    1.9.3-p0 :005 > Net::HTTP.get('foo', 'bar')
    NameError: uninitialized constant Net
      from (irb):5
      from /Users/eliza/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/irb:16:in `'

What is happening here? How do we fix it?

Start by describing the error type, then the message and finally, what line number it happened on.

* Error Type: NameError
* Message: uninitialized constant Net
* Line Number: line 5 of the irb session

Ruby can't find the Net module because it is part of the standard library, rather than part of Ruby core.

### Fix:

Require Net/HTTP:

    1.9.3-p0 :006 > require 'net/http'
     => true
    1.9.3-p0 :007 > Net::HTTP.get('foo', 'bar')

## Third Example:

    a, b = 1, nil
    b.size
    NoMethodError: undefined method `size' for nil:NilClass
      from (irb):15
      from /Users/eliza/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/irb:16:in `'

What is happening here? How do we fix it?

Start by describing the error type, then the message and finally, what line number it happened on.

* Error Type: NoMethodError
* Message: undefined method `size' for nil:NilClass
* Line Number: line 15 of the irb session

### Fix:

Add a guard to make sure that b isn't nil.

A not-so-rubyish solution:

    a, b = 1, nil

    if b == nil
      0
    else
      b.size
    end

A slightly better solution:

    a = 1
    b = nil

    if b.nil?
      0
    else
      b.size
    end

Better yet, we can just ask b if it has a size method:

    b.size if b.respond_to?(:size)

## Fourth Example:

    1.9.3-p194 :012 > my_string = "   my crazy string    "
     => "   my crazy string    "
    1.9.3-p194 :013 > my_string.strip(" ")
    ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments(1 for 0)
      from (irb):13:in `strip'
      from (irb):13
      from /Users/elizabrock/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/irb:16:in `'

What is happening here? How do we fix it?

Start by describing the error type, then the message and finally, what line number it happened on.

* Error Type: ArgumentError
* Message: wrong number of arguments(1 for 0)
* Line Number: line 13 of the irb session

### Fix:

Read the docs to figure out how strip works (http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.1.1/String.html#method-i-strip) and then remove the argument to strip:

    1.9.3-p194 :014 > my_string = "   my crazy string    "
     => "   my crazy string    "
    1.9.3-p194 :015 > my_string.strip
     => "my crazy string"

## Fifth Example:

    1.9.3-p194 :005 > arr =["Bluebeard", "Blackbeard", "Jack"]
     => ["Bluebeard", "Blackbeard", "Jack"]
    1.9.3-p194 :009 > arr.fetch(1)
     => "Blackbeard"
    1.9.3-p194 :010 > arr.fetch(4)
    IndexError: index 4 outside of array bounds: -3...3
      from (irb):10:in `fetch'
      from (irb):10
      from /Users/elizabrock/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/irb:16:in `'

What is happening here? How do we fix it?

Start by describing the error type, then the message and finally, what line number it happened on.

* Error Type: IndexError
* Message: index 4 outside of array bounds: -3...3
* Line Number: line 10 of the irb session

### Fix:

Switch to using the bracket accessor `[]`, which doesn't throw ArgumentErrors when you ask for items outside of the array length.  Or, we could make sure that our argument is a valid value.

    1.9.3-p194 :005 > arr =["Bluebeard", "Blackbeard", "Jack"]
     => ["Bluebeard", "Blackbeard", "Jack"]
    1.9.3-p194 :006 > arr[4]
     => nil

## Bonus Round:

    1.9.3-p0 :001 > require 'tab_delimited_importer'
    SyntaxError: /Users/keith/snip/lib/tab_delimited_importer.rb:19: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting keyword_end
      from /Users/keith/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require'

* Error Type: SyntaxError
* Message: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting keyword_end
* Line Number: /Users/keith/snip/lib/tab_delimited_importer.rb:19

### Fix:

This error is telling us that there is a syntax error somewhere around line 19 of `tab_delimited_importer.rb`.

Specifically, it is telling us that the code used one type of end when we should have used the other.  The two types of "end" are`}` and `end`.  So, we need to open up `tab_delimited_importer.rb` and find the code block that we closed incorrectly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A new healthcare option for the Metroplex, the Concierge Wellness Program, from the Family and Business Alliance Group (FABA), is less expensive, lowers out-of-pocket contributions and is a more benefit-rich option than traditional health insurance. More people are moving to healthcare sharing plans, and more healthcare providers are moving to membership-based care. In addition, businesses are considering adopting this model as an option for employees to cut healthcare costs by 50 percent or more.
This program helps with large and small medical needs and wellness, many times with no out-of-pocket cost or low, discounted prices that may be less than traditional deductibles. Coverage includes both traditional and non-traditional providers such as holistic and integrative professionals at savings up to 50 percent. Using member healthcare providers, plan users can access the services of high-quality health professionals without high monthly premiums, paperwork limitations and preapprovals.
For more information, call Monthy Suther at 972-695-4277 or email Monty@thefabagroup.com.


text:
CLA-2 RR: CR: GC 966361 RSD
TARIFF NO.: 8536.50.90
Ms. Madeline B. Kuflik
Assistant General Counsel
One Panasonic Way, 3B-6
Secaucus, New Jersey 07094
RE: Request for consideration of HQ 965895, Classification of "Light Touch" Switches; "Push Button" Switches; "Momentary Contact" Switches; Snap-Action; Electromechanical
Dear Ms. Kuflik:
This is in response to your letter dated March 4, 2003, requesting reconsideration of HQ 965895 dated December 13, 2002, issued to Panasonic Industrial Company (PIC) regarding the classification under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States ("HTSUS") of "light touch" switches, that are used primarily in cellular telephones.
The facts presented in HQ 965895 have not been contested, and thus we restate them here. The merchandise at issue are certain switches known as "light touch," "push button" or "momentary contact" switches. These switches are used primarily in cellular phones, although you have stated that they have other uses as well. They are designed for a current not exceeding 11 amps.
The switches are used by pressing on a button (or "knob") until a metal diaphragm (located under the button) snaps down with a "click" feeling (or a tactile feedback), making a momentary contact of the switch while it is depressed. Once the pressing action is stopped (by releasing the button), the pressed diaphragm snaps back, cutting the contact of the switch, giving a click-back feeling through the button.
In support of your claim, in your letter of March 4, 2003, you have submitted an affidavit from Dr. Walid Hubbi, Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. ISSUE:
Are the subject switches properly classified under subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS, as electromechanical snap-action switches not exceeding 11 amps?
Classification under the HTSUS is made in accordance with the General Rules of Interpretation ("GRIs"). GRI 1 provides that the classification of goods shall be determined according to the terms of the headings of the tariff schedule and any relative Section or Chapter Notes. In the event that the goods cannot be classified solely on the basis of GRI 1, and if the headings and legal notes do not otherwise require, the remaining GRIs may then be applied. The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System Explanatory Notes ("ENs") constitute the official interpretation of the Harmonized System at the international level. While neither legally binding nor dispositive, the ENs provide a commentary on the scope of each heading of the HTSUS and are generally indicative of the proper interpretation of these headings. See T.D. 89-80. The HTSUS provisions under consideration are as follows:
Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits (for example, switches, relays, fuses, surge suppressors, plugs, sockets, lamp-holders, junction boxes), for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V:
Other switches:
Electronic AC switches consisting of optically coupled input and output circuits (insulated thyristor AC switches); electronic switches, including temperature protected switches, consisting of a transistor and a logic chip (chip-on-chip technology); electromechanical snap-action switches for a current not exceeding 11 amps
8536.50.90 Other:
GRI 6, provides as follows:
For legal purposes, the classification of goods in the subheadings of a heading shall be determined according to the terms of those subheadings and any related subheading notes and, mutatis mutandis, to the above rules on the understanding that only subheadings at the same level are comparable. For the purposes of this rule, the relative section, chapter and subchapter notes also apply, unless the context otherwise requires.
To ensure uniformity at the subheading level, GRIs 1 to 5 govern classification at the subheading levels within the same heading. After determining the appropriate heading in accordance with the first five rules, we then apply the GRIs again, at the subheading level.
When making comparisons of subheadings, we compare the same level six-digit to six-digit, or eight-digit to eight-digit subheading, also taking into consideration section and chapter notes at the subheading level, unless the context otherwise requires.
In HQ 965895, we pointed out that the subheadings in question deal with electrical switches that are of the electromechanical, snap-action type, or other snap-action type. Neither "snap-action" nor "electromechanical" is defined in the HTSUS or the ENs. After reviewing the information presented and consulting several different references, we concluded in HQ 965895 that the switches under consideration met the term "snap-action." However, we also determined that the evidence submitted was insufficient to establish that the switches were electromechanical snap-action switches of the type classified in subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS. Instead, we found that the switches were properly classified as other switches, under subheading 8536.50.90, HTSUS.
In response to our decision in HQ 965895, you have submitted an affidavit from Dr. Walid Hubbi, an Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Dr. Hubbi believes that Customs' application of the term "electromechanical snap action switches" is too limited. According to Dr. Hubbi, all snap-action switches begin their operation via a mechanical force, which in turn causes a connection to be made to an electrical system. It is Dr Hubbi's opinion that all snap-action switches are activated manually and no snap-action switches are initially operated electrically. The electrical force is a result of the initial manual force with snap- action switches. He claims that of the many snap-action switches that he has examined, he has not found any switch which began its operation with electrical force that in turn became a mechanical movement.
Undefined tariff terms are construed in accordance with their common and commercial meaning. See Nippon Kogaku (USA), Inc. v. United States, 69 CCPA 89,
673 F2d. 380 (1982). Common and commercial meaning may be determined by consulting dictionaries, lexicons, scientific authorities and other reliable sources. See C.J. Tower & Sons v. United States, 69 CCPA 128, 673 F2d. 1268 (1982).
In order to determine the meaning of the term "electromechanical" we looked at several authoritative sources. Accordingly, in HQ 965895, we considered a number of definitions of the term of "electromechanical." Specifically, we reviewed information from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics, Inc. Engineers (IEEE) Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms (7th Ed.). The IEEE defines an electromechanical device as:
A device that is electrically operated and has mechanical motion, such as relays, servos, etc.
The same dictionary defines a switch, in pertinent part, as follows:
(4) (electric and electronics parts and equipment) A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electric circuit. Note: a switch may be operated by manual, mechanical, hydraulic, thermal, barometric, or by gravitational means, or by electromechanical means not falling within the definition of "relay."
An electromechanical relay is defined by the IEEE as:
A relay that operates by physical movement of parts resulting from electromagnetic, electrostatic or electro-thermic forces created by the input quantities.
The American National Standard for Telecommunications provides the following definition for switches that are used in communication systems:
switch: 1. In communications systems, a mechanical, electro-mechanical, or electronic device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in or among circuits. 2. Deprecated synonym for central office, switching center. 3. In communications systems, to transfer a connection from one circuit to another. 4. In a computer program, a conditional instruction and a flag that is interrogated by the instruction. 5. In a computer program, a parameter that controls branching and that is bound, prior to the branch point being reached. Synonym switchpoint. 6. In computer programming, a programming technique or statement for making a selection, such as a conditional jump. In computer software applications, a functional unit, such as a toggle button, used to make selections.
Similarly, the International Electromechanical Commission (IEC) Multilingual Dictionary of Electricity, Electronics and Telecommunications, indicates:
electromechanical relay: an electrical relay in which the designed response is developed by the relative movement of mechanical elements under the action of a current in the input circuit.
In addition, in defining the term electromechanical, the seventh edition of Graf's Modern Dictionary of Electronics, states:
electromechanical -- Any device using electrical energy to produce mechanical movement.
The use of the term "electromechanical" in these definitions indicates that it has a specific meaning and that an electromechanical switch is a particular type of switch that operates in a different way from other types of switches.
In HQ 965737 dated August 14, 2002, we ruled on a snap-action electric switch that was classified in subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS. The ruling concerned a "dark to light" photo control unit AC switch that used sunlight as an input voltage to light a fixture. The unit utilized transistors and "chip-on-chip" technology with an electromechanical relay function that produced a "snap-action." The switch involved in HQ 965737 was activated by sunlight, which was converted into electricity so that a lighting fixture could be triggered. Therefore, we determined that the article involved an electromechanical snap-action switch that was classified in subheading 8536.50.70. HTSUS. We pointed out that the electromechanical snap-action switch involved in HQ 965737 was not manually activated but was activated by sunlight that was converted into electricity.
According to Dr. Hubbi all snap-action switches are manually activated. Following Dr. Hubbi's opinion would result in virtually all snap-action switches of less than 11 amps being classified in subheading 8536.50.70, no matter how they operate. In effect, under Dr. Hubbi's analysis, the term "electromechanical" in subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS, would be rendered virtually meaningless because almost all snap-action switches would be included in the provision.
We disagree with Dr. Hubbi's analysis because we believe that the drafters of subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS, used the term "electromechanical" in the provision for a specific purpose. In our judgment the reason why the word electromechanical was used in subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS was to designate that only particular kinds of "snap-action" switches should be classified in the provision. Our review of subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS indicates that the drafters of the HTSUS did not intend that basic manual or mechanical snap-action switches should be classified in subheading 8536.50.70. This is supported by the fact that the other types of switches included in subheading 8536.50.70, HTSUS are sophisticated switches for high technology products rather than basic electric switches. In determining the meaning of the term electromechanical, we follow the IEEE definition mentioned above, such that it applies to a device, which is electrically operated and has mechanical motion. Accordingly, we are persuaded that the term electromechanical snap-action switch as used in subheading 8536.50.70, pertains only to switches in which an electric impulse causes a mechanical motion.
In this instance, the light touch switches in question are manually activated, not electrically activated. Therefore, we find that they are classified in subheading 8536.50.90, HTSUS.
The light touch switches under consideration are classified under subheading 8536.50.9040, HTSUS, as: "Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits (for example, switches, relays, fuses, surge suppressors, plugs, sockets, lamp-holders, junction boxes), for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V: Other switches: Other: Other" at the at general column one duty rate of 2.7 percent ad valorem. Duty rates are provided for your convenience and are subject to change. The text of the most recent HTSUS and the accompanying duty rates are provided on the World Wide Web at www.usitc.gov.
EFFECT ON OTHER RULINGS:
HQ 965895 is affirmed.
Myles B. Harmon,
Tariff No.: 8536.50.70 - Certain specifed electronic and electromechanical snap-action switches, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V
Tariff No.: 8536.50.90 - Switches nesoi, for switching or making connections to or in electrical circuits, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After scanning his calendar, Tim O'Toole noted that athletes and coaches taking part in the 1989 U.S. Olympic Festival will be arriving in - gulp - less than a month.
And why not? As director of operations for the festival, O'Toole is responsible for making sure the events and ceremonies go off as scheduled.
The Olympic Festival is in every non-Olympic year. This year's event, which begins July 18 with the swimming competition, is expected to draw about 4,000 athletes, coaches and officials from around the nation, and more than 1,000 members of the media.
The athletes will compete in 37 medal sports in Oklahoma City, Norman, Edmond, Midwest City, Stillwater, Guthrie, Lawton, El Reno and Yukon.
O'Toole lately has been working seven days a week, 10-12 hours a day, and will continue that schedule until the festival ends July 30.
``You're always working on something, whether you're at home or at the office. Even when you're sleeping,'' O'Toole said, only half-jokingly.
Publication information: Article title: Olympic Festival Participants Arriving in Less Than 1 Month. Contributors: Owen Canfield, Ap - Author. Newspaper title: THE JOURNAL RECORD. Publication date: June 21, 1989. Page number: Not available. © Dolan Media Company. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Scottish land estates appoints new south east regional support officer
Scottish Land & Estates appoints new South East Regional Support Officer
A new regional support office for South East Scotland and the Borders has been appointed by Scottish Land & Estates (SLE).
Clare Sturla joins the land-based business organisation from the Scottish Association of Young Farmers Clubs (SAYFC), where she served as Agri and Rural Affairs Manager.
Prior to her time at SAYFC, Clare worked for Members of Parliament at Westminster as well as time employed in public affairs in Brussels and in policy events and conferencing in Edinburgh.
At SLE, Clare will work closely with headquarters' staff based at Musselburgh as well as regional chairman for the south east, Trevor Jackson of Charlesfield Farms near Melrose.
A new regional structure is being implemented by SLE, with greater autonomy for each region to decide priorities for the membership in their area. Clare will work with Trevor Jackson and other members to enhance activity on issues such as engagement with politicians, stakeholders and assistance in organising events and estate visits.
Clare Sturla, South East Regional Support Officer, said: "The opportunity to help Scottish Land & Estates reshape their regional activity was an exciting prospect given my own experience in public affairs, events as well as rural and farming matters.
"Rural and land-based businesses contribute a huge amount to the economy of the Scottish Borders and whilst their importance is understood locally, the new workplan for the region will allow us to ensure greater visibility and engagement as well as internal contact between members. It will be a busy role but one I'm greatly looking forward to."
Trevor Jackson, South East regional chairman, said: "We have been working closely with Scottish Land & Estates staff at our headquarters as well as members from across the region to develop a tailored framework for what our local businesses need from the organisation.
"We're delighted that Clare is joining us to help deliver on that programme in the months ahead. Clare will provide support to members to build on our existing work and will ensure we have the confidence to collectively develop a greater voice at a time when there is no shortage of policy challenges for rural businesses, and to demonstrate the strong foundations the members provide to the rural economy."
Two new staff members join SLE's policy department
SLE member engagement boosted by Regional Officer return
Scottish Land & Estates appoints new Head of Business
New agriculture adviser appointed by Scottish Land & Estates


Learn how to lock into an airtight groove with Berklee professor and versatile bassman Danny Morris.
In this Berklee Workshop, Morris gives you techniques to help you anchor your band with solid foundation of bass lines, chord progressions and rhythmic and harmonic variations.
Working with and without a drum machine, Morris breaks down the secrets of syncopation, rhythmic displacement, left-hand muting, and more. His practical lessons will help you build your bass vocabulary, play with more variety and character, and keep your grooves in the pocket.


text:
550 SOUTH HILL STREET, LOS ANGELES, CA 90013
BUY Iraqi Dinar BUY Vietnamese Dong BUY Mexican Peso BUY South African Rand BUY Brazilian Real BUY Turkish Lira BUY South Korean Won BUY Norwegian Krone BUY Hong Kong Dollar BUY Singapore Dollar BUY New Zealand Dollar BUY Swedish Krona BUY Chinese Yuan BUY Swiss Franc BUY Canadian Dollar BUY Australian Dollar BUY British Pound BUY European Euro BUY Japanese Yen BUY Indonesian Rupiah BUY OTHER CURRENCY
SELL Iraqi Dinar SELL Vietnamese Dong SELL Mexican Peso SELL South African Rand SELL Brazilian Real SELL Turkish Lira SELL South Korean Won SELL Norwegian Krone SELL Hong Kong Dollar SELL Singapore Dollar SELL New Zealand Dollar SELL Swedish Krona SELL Chinese Yuan SELL Swiss Franc SELL Canadian Dollar SELL Australian Dollar SELL British Pound SELL European Euro SELL Japanese Yen SELL Indonesian Rupiah SELL OTHER CURRENCY
Iraqi Dinar Vietnamese Dong Mexican Peso South African Rand Brazilian Real Turkish Lira South Korean Won Norwegian Krone Hong Kong Dollar Singapore Dollar New Zealand Dollar Swedish Krona Chinese Yuan Swiss Franc Canadian Dollar Australian Dollar British Pound European Euro Japanese Yen Indonesian Rupiah
HOW IT WORKS RECEIVE YOUR FUNDS REQUEST SHIPPING KIT SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS EXCHANGE RATE ALERTS CURRENCY CONVERTER ALL RATES
When Is the Best Time to Visit Italy?
Italy is one of the most sought-after travel destinations in the world for a good reason. There's something for everyone, but choosing the best time to visit Italy comes down to preferences and experiences you want to have.
Whether it's spellbinding beaches, art, shopping, or pure hedonism, Italy has it. With so much to offer, it's no wonder tourists keep falling in love with this magnificent country and keep coming back for more.
However, the summer months in such a popular destination are more expensive and crowded. On the flip side, winters are more affordable, but the weather is cold and wet, especially in the north.
Finding the right balance can be challenging, but our article will help you find the best time to visit Italy based on your interests and budget.
What Is the Best Season to Visit Italy?
Italy has all four seasons, with each having its advantages and disadvantages. Note that weather conditions vary considerably by region. While it may be boiling-hot in the south during the summer, the northern mountains offer cooler temperatures and fresh breezes. Read on to discover the best time to visit Italy based on the weather.
Spring is a fantastic time to visit Italy for most destinations and interests. It's a part of the shoulder season, just before the busy peak summer season. That said, the weather is optimal, mostly pleasant and mild, and crowds are thinner than in the summer.
Spring is the best time to go to Italy if you plan to go south because this way you'll avoid soaring temperatures. For example, Sicily is gorgeous, quiet, and mild during spring. You'll find charming wildflowers in full bloom and discover how small towns enjoy Easter festivities.
Moreover, at this time of year, you can typically find good deals on flights, accommodation, and tours.
Summer is the peak season in Italy, especially during July and August. Sometimes, even the first two weeks of September are crowded. The peak season is generally the busiest and most expensive time to visit Italy's major tourist areas like the Amalfi Coast, Cinque Terre, and major cities. That said, if you plan to go to Italy in summer, prepare yourself for crowds, sky-high prices, and unbearable heat, especially in the cities.
However, summer can be an ideal time to visit mountains and lakes as the weather is milder up there. So, if you want to see the Dolomites, summer may be the perfect season for you. Note that even these areas can get busy during this season.
If you prefer sunny beaches, exploring some of the lesser-known areas in the south like Puglia or Calabria can be a worthwhile experience since the sea temperatures are optimal and it's not as crowded.
Fall is also a part of the shoulder season and is probably the best time to visit Italy. It follows the busy peak season and has many benefits as spring as the crowds are thinner and the weather is pleasant.
The harvest takes place in Italy during fall when the countryside boasts beautiful warm colors. During this season, Italians celebrate many vibrant wine and food festivals. That's especially true for Tuscany, Piedmont, and Le Marche, which are incredible places to experience the harvest season and festivities.
Note that most of Italy, especially the north, gets cold toward the end of fall. So, September and October may be the best months to visit Italy for mild weather.
Winter is off-season in Italy, with quiet streets and falling temperatures. This leads to reduced prices on accommodation and flights. Besides that, indoor attractions like the Uffizi Gallery, the Vatican Museums, and other tourist hotspots are less expensive and more enjoyable to visit during the winter months despite cold weather.
However, popular ski resorts like those found in the Dolomites, the Savoy Alps, and the Val d'Aosta are packed during the winter season. While Italy is great for skiing and snowboarding, the ski resorts can get crowded. So, if you're planning to experience a winter wonderland in this beautiful country, make sure to book early.
Winters in Italy are mild, and temperatures are rarely freezing. Also, snow rarely falls in urban areas, except in the north.
The Best Places to Go in Italy
Italy has a rich history, and you can see it everywhere around you once you arrive in this beautiful country. The architecture, art, customs, and even Italian money have history. That said, Italy is one of the most stunning and interesting countries to visit. However, some destinations might be better for visiting when temperatures rise, while others when the weather starts to cool.
Shoulder season is generally the best time to visit most Italian cities, but there are some variations considering the unique nature of each city. Below, we'll discuss the best time to visit Rome, Venice, and Florence as these destinations are the most popular among travelers.
Regardless of the time of year, it's typically better to bypass the weekend crowd as attractions tend to be considerably busier during weekends.
The Best Time to Go to Rome
Indeed, all roads eventually lead to Rome. The best time to visit this magnificent city is in April, May, and October. While Rome is still busy during those months due to its popularity, it's less crowded than in the peak season. Also, the weather is more pleasant.
July and August are the worst months to visit Rome unless you enjoy big crowds and unbearable heat. Remember that the Vatican Museums aren't air-conditioned, except for the Sistine Chapel. Also, there's limited shade at the Colosseum. But if you still want to visit this city during peak season, it's a good idea to plan your activities for the morning or evening to avoid uncomfortable heat.
Time around Easter and its festivities is an excellent time to visit Rome, but note that there are closures during this time. However, if you want to save some money and avoid crowds, winter is your best bet.
Note that most museums and other attractions in Rome are busiest on the weekends. Also, the Vatican Museums are closed on most Sundays, so consider traveling to Rome between Tuesday and Friday to get the most out of your trip.
The Best Time to Visit Venice
Shoulder season is also the best time to travel to Venice. This city is extremely busy in summer, while winter is quiet, but the weather is unfavorable. That's why April, May, September, and October are the best months to visit Venice.
Fall is an excellent time to visit this charming city, but it can get chilly, especially toward the end of fall. Moreover, high water can cause flooding of the Venetian streets during November and sometimes during late October and early December.
Venice Carnival is one of the most significant celebrations in the country. The festivities take place in February and early March. This can be a great time to explore Venice and its customs, but the weekends during this period are hectic. That said, if you don't like big crowds, it's a good idea to avoid these dates.
The Best Time to Travel to Florence
Even though these months are the busiest of the year, the best time to visit Florence is between May and September. Just remember that summers are hot and choose accommodation with a pool so you can cool down after exploring the city.
Again, if you want to avoid crowds and find a great deal, visit Florence during the off-season. This way you'll save some money on accommodation, flights, and tours. Winter is also an excellent time to visit the museums because you can wander around them for hours at your pace. However, prepare yourself for cold and wet weather outdoors.
The Best Time to Visit Italy Based on Your Interests
The best time to go to Italy will vary depending on your interests. So, whether you're planning a sunny beach vacation, a ski holiday, or wine & dine hedonism, this will determine the best time to visit Italy to get the most of it.
Traveling to the Italian Coast
Spring, summer, and fall are the best seasons to visit the Italian coast. However, most people get the same idea. Thus, the beaches tend to get too crowded and noisy. Besides that, beach chair and umbrella rental prices are outrageous.
If you want to avoid crowds, noise, and exorbitant prices, look for smaller villages near the sea, like those found in Puglia, where the water remains pleasant through late October.
Exploring the Wine Regions
Fall is the best time to travel to Italy if you want to explore the wine regions as the grape harvest happens each September and October. Note that exact dates vary from year to year, so check ahead before booking your trip.
Visiting the Dolomites
The Dolomites is a stunning destination, and you can't be wrong whether you visit it in the spring, summer, fall, or winter. It all comes down to your interests. If you want to take your ski experience to a whole new level, then winter is the season to go there. But if you prefer hiking and observing nature, visit this magnificent place during spring, summer, or even fall, when all the colors turn warm.
Choose the Best Time to Visit Italy
After reading this article, you have a good idea about the best time to visit Italy. Consider where you want to go and what you want to do, and base your choice on that.
Generally, spring and fall are the best seasons to visit this incredible country because the crowds are thinner, and you can find better deals than during the peak season. However, if you don't mind the heat and high prices and want to experience the Italian coast, summer may be your best bet. On the flip side, if you're a ski enthusiast, you will love the Dolomites during the winter.
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Former Chiefs wing Matt Jess embarks on Caribbean adventure with St Lucia women
Alan Dymock
The sevens competition in the Cayman Islands offers a chance to step closer to Olympic qualification
In with the team: Jess and the squad take a snap under the lights
TAGS: Exeter Chiefs
A whirlwind set of events has sent former Exeter Chiefs wing Matt Jess out to the Cayman Islands to help St Lucia women's sevens push for an Olympic dream this weekend.
This side will compete in the 2019 RF Group RAN Sevens in Grand Cayman over Saturday and Sunday, with the top two teams in the competition being sent to compete for a spot in the 2020 Summer Olympic Games at next year's global repechage.
Asked how this all came about, Jess proclaims "Oh mate!" just before boarding a flight to the Caribbean. He goes on to explain his introduction: "I was sat at home in the kitchen, planning a few local projects, and I got a call from (ex-Chiefs lock) Chris Bentley.
"He said their was a former sponsor of Exeter– Simon and Mo from BoulterBowen – who had been on holiday in St Lucia and got chatting to this group of girls. They found out they played for St Lucia women.
"They looked into getting some help out there (for the team). They have a plan in place there, but they wanted a bit more experience and someone to go in there and show them what to do.
"Within three hours of talking to them I got a plane ticket emailed through from Simon and Mo!
Talking to the team: Training in the sun
"I went over to St Lucia for five days and did three sessions with the girls, which was cracking. They were a really good bunch. It grounded me a bit – what we have over here compared to what they have over there is on a completely different scale – but I had an unbelievable time."
Then he was asked out of the blue if he would like to lead the side to the big meet this weekend. He couldn't say no.
Jess, who has recently signed up as an assistant coach with Cornish Pirates and who still turns out occasionally for Taunton Titans in National 2 South, admits that he had very little prior knowledge of Caribbean rugby, but he has been impressed with the desire and willingness to attack and how his job is now to add some finer skills to their play, adding: "If you can bolt on certain skillsets – drawing the defender and putting someone away – automatically you will get a very, very destructive team. If they continue to work on their skillsets, I think they'll be a hell of a force, not only in the Caribbean but also around the world."
Jess acknowledges that the competition over the weekend should be stiff and he is aware others are rated higher. And yet he is excited about the team's future.
Showing them how it's done: Jess goes to ground
"Our team manager was telling me about the favourites," he says. "But I'm going to talk to them and say, 'you don't lose before a game is finished.' We're not just turning up to play.
"Favourites can be favourites, underdogs can be underdogs but I want them to go in with the hunger and play with their heart and the results will look after themselves.
"It will be tough for the girls over the two days, but they have a good enough squad to set a good precedent. And the thing is, they went to Guadalupe a couple of months back and tore teams to shreds. So hopefully they can really push on from that."
With rugby, life can take unexpected turns. Some of those turns may just drop you in the Caribbean.
Don't forget to follow Rugby World on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for the latest rugby news.


Happy Monday- I hope that all of you had a lovely weekend. As the weekend came to an end there were a few things on my mind that I wanted to share.
I wanted to let you know that Lola's Secret Beauty Blog was named one of the Top 20 Beauty Blogs of 2013. I am very honored to be included on this list! The press release was announced here.
I think perhaps there is something inherently wrong with the way the stars are aligned or something- I went shopping with my sister and niece this weekend (back to school shopping-which is only for the brave because of the crowds and lines), and I returned home empty-handed. I have told you numerous times that I have forced myself into a "cooling off period" before making makeup purchases to make sure that I really want the items, and am reasonably certain that I will actually use these items.
I sought out the following collections: Chanel Les Beiges, Dior Pop Art Collection, Giorgio Armani Scarabeo Kaleidoscope Collection, and the entire new Marc Jacobs Makeup Collection. I can't tell you why I didn't buy a thing, but nothing really grabbed me in the moment.
Chanel Les Beiges looked very nice, and the powders were very finely milled, but I don't need another face powder.
Dior Pop Art Collection was beautiful, and while I didn't make a purchase- I definitely am interested in the Diorblush Colour Flash for Cheeks in Capri (of course it's the light pink one). I loved the color and the texture.
The Giorgio Armani eye shadows were gorgeous, but the counter that I went to was missing the Sales Associate, and appeared to have sold out of several of the Eyes to Kill Shadows- so I will have to visit another counter to swatch them all (assuming that they haven't sold out). They have a gorgeous duo-chrome finish that offers a chameleon-like complexity. For gorgeous swatches visit Sara at Color Me Loud!
As a huge fan of Marc Jacobs, in general, I thought that I might be over the moon about his new makeup collection, but for some reason nothing really spoke to me. The packaging is modern, the range of colors is pretty, but nothing beckoned me. I swatched a few bits and pieces, but walked away. I thought maybe I would want to try his Lust for Lacquer Lip Vinyl Lip Gloss in Overprotected. It is a pretty, albeit not very unique, light pink- but when I swatched it on my arm I felt that I already had too many colors in this range so I decided not to try it.
I did go and swatch several Tom Ford Lipsticks for a lovely and devoted reader who has coloring similar to mine. She lives nowhere near a Tom Ford Counter and really wanted to decide whether or not the colors that she was interested in would look good on her skin, and whether they are worth the hefty $49.00 price tag. Sadly I didn't have my camera- only my iPhone, but I will get those pictures edited and posted this week.
I am currently completely obsessed with Aftelier Perfumes Rose Face Elixir with Sandalwood and Frankincense- it is an unbelievably decadent luxury face oil that is utterly swoon-worthy! I am transfixed by the scent, and amazed how great my skin looks after having used it for a while. Pure unmitigated luxury!
Do any of you watch Ray Donavan? What a great show. It started this season, and I have managed to see most of the episodes. It is so well done that I might get Showtime again for this show alone. If you were a fan of the Sopranos, then Ray Donavan should appeal to you. It is a smart drama set in LA, and Liev Schreiber is brilliant in the leading role. He plays a Hollywood insider who is essentially a higher brow mob "fixer" with some street thug roots. Loving it!
If you love HGTV type remodeling/decorating shows, but want a bit more edge and humor- then you may find yourself hopelessly addicted to Interior Therapy with Jeff Lewis. If you loved watching his last show Flipping Out, then you will probably really love Interior Therapy. Don't worry, the F-Bombs get bleeped out- if swearing bothers you- but when things get heated up there's lots of bleeping!
What's on your mind as you start out this new work week?
Thanks so much for the shoot-out :-* I hope you find the rest of the shades to check them out in person.


Over the years, Sioux Falls has found its' way onto countless lists of the best places to live in the United States, even taking the title as Money magazine's number-one city in America, back in the early 1990's.
But nearly 30 years later, 24/7 Wall Street has released its list of the 50 top places to live in the United States, and South Dakota's largest city is nowhere to be found.
Instead, two other cities from the Mount Rushmore State make the cut.
South Dakota's capital city, Pierre, is number-26 overall.
Pierre makes the list thanks to housing costs $3,500 below the national average, a lower cost of living, and prices on goods and services that are 85 percent less than average.
The city of 14,000 also gets high marks for its' proximity to outdoor activities on the nearby Missouri River.
The other South Dakota city on the list is Brandon, at number-38.
This Sioux Falls suburb is being praised for its strong economic growth, which is being driven by a population base that has increased nearly 14 percent in the past five years - a number that puts Brandon in the top ten percent nationally.
This city of 10.000 also boasts an extremely low crime rate of less than one-ninth the national property crime rate.
According to 24/7 Wall Street, the top five places to live in America are West University Place, Texas; Mandan, North Dakota; Perryton, Texas; Dumas, Texas; and Winnetka, Illinois.
Overall, 31 out of 50 cities on the list are located in the Midwest.


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Posted on 11th January 2020 10th January 2020 by iain
The Weekly Retro Movie Rundown – 361
Well, paint us tickled pink! If it isn't the start of another year! Time to start as we mean to go one huh. Well, one thing we know we'll be doing this year is cracking on some as many of our favourite films as possible which is just where our Retro Movie Rundown comes in handy huh! Sit back, relax and enjoy some of our top picks heading your way this weekend.
Goosebumps (2015) 5STAR 2:30pm-4:35pm
A teenager discovers his new neighbour is the writer of a popular series of books, who harbours a terrifying secret. The ghosts and monsters the author writes about are real, and his stories keep them contained. The youngster accidentally releases them into the real world and has to find a way to get them back in the books before they can cause chaos. Fantasy adventure, starring Jack Black and Dylan Minnette.
Goosebumps TShirts
Antz (1998) ITV2 4:45pm-6:25pm
A neurotic worker ant passes himself off as a soldier to impress a princess. However, he provokes a jealously ambitious general with an accidental act of heroism – so he and his beloved decide to flee the brutal colony and go in search of the promised land of Insectopia. Animated comedy, with the voices of Woody Allen, Sharon Stone, Gene Hackman and Sylvester Stallone.
Yes Man (2008) ITV2 6:25pm-8:30pm
A depressed and anti-social loans adviser attends a self-improvement course and decides to start saying yes to every opportunity that comes his way. His outlook is immediately transformed, but he soon realises that some invitations should not be accepted and struggles to find a balance in his life. Comedy, loosely based on the autobiographical book by Danny Wallace, starring Jim Carrey, Zooey Deschanel, Bradley Cooper and John Michael Higgins.
You've Got Mail (1998) 5STAR 6:35pm-9:00pm
Two rivals in the bookshop business fall in love over the internet, unaware they know and dislike each other in the real world. While things remain frosty in person, the pair's anonymous online relationship continues to blossom. Romantic comedy, starring Tom Hanks, Meg Ryan, Greg Kinnear, Parker Posey and Dabney Coleman.
Vertical Limit (2000) Sony Movies 6:40pm-9:00pm
A wildlife photographer is forced to master his fears and the elements as he leads an expedition to climb K2, the world's second-highest mountain, on a desperate mission to rescue his estranged sister and her fellow mountaineers, who have fallen into a crevasse. Action-adventure, starring Chris O'Donnell, Bill Paxton, Scott Glenn and Robin Tunney.
Dirty Dancing (1987) 5STAR 9:00pm-11:05pm
A dance instructor at a 1960s resort hotel fears his career will be jeopardised when his regular partner is forced to pull out of an important show in which they are due to perform. Luckily, a naive teenager is happy to step in, and is treated to a whirlwind holiday education in life, love and expressing herself. A romantic drama, starring Patrick Swayze, Jennifer Grey and Jerry Orbach.
Dirty Dancing Clothing
Passenger 57 (1992) ITV4 11:20pm-1:10am
After his wife is shot dead during a robbery, a cop hands in his badge and takes up a job offer from an old friend to be a security adviser for a major transatlantic airline. On the flight taking him to his new employers in Los Angeles is an international terrorist being escorted to trial by the FBI – while the prisoner's accomplices are disguised as passengers and crew and plan to hijack the plane. Action thriller, with Wesley Snipes, Bruce Payne, Tom Sizemore, Alex Datcher, Bruce Greenwood and Elizabeth Hurley.
Rugrats in Paris: The Movie (2000) E4+1 9:30am-11:05am
The lucky little tots embark on a trip to a French theme park – but while the rest of the gang are intent on enjoying themselves, Chuckie is distracted by his wish for a new mum. He sets his sights on the owner of the amusement park as a prospective partner for his single dad. Animated adventure, with the voices of Christine Cavanaugh, Elizabeth Daily, Cheryl Chase, Kath Soucie and Susan Sarandon.
Rugrats Clothing
The Borrowers (1997) Film4 12:50pm-2:35pm
A family of four-inch-high people living beneath the floorboards of an ordinary human home help the owner's son fight back when a dastardly lawyer plans to demolish the house and make way for a luxury apartment block. Children's fantasy, starring John Goodman, Jim Broadbent, Celia Imrie, Flora Newbigin and Tom Felton.
Death Becomes Her (1992) Channel 5 3:50pm-5:45pm
Two romantic rivals are both granted the secret of eternal youth by a mysterious mystic. However, as they battle to get their claws into a plastic surgeon, they discover their now-immortal bodies are capable of taking whatever damage they can dish out. Black comedy fantasy, starring Goldie Hawn, Meryl Streep, Bruce Willis and Isabella Rossellini.
Death Becomes Her TShirts
Dr Dolittle (1998) Film4 4:55pm-6:35pm
A doctor is stunned to discover he can talk to animals, and it is not long before his home and surgery are taken over by an assortment of ailing creatures in need of help. However, when the medic's odd behaviour attracts his colleagues' attention, he is forced to rely on his new-found furry friends to save him from the asylum. Comedy, starring Eddie Murphy, Ossie Davis and Oliver Platt.
Gone in 60 Seconds (2000) Sony Movies 9:00pm-11:20pm
A veteran car thief is forced out of retirement to steal 50 top-of-the-range vehicles in exchange for his brother's life. While his sibling is held hostage by a sadistic gangster, he asks his former cronies to help – but with the clock ticking and just a few days remaining to pull off the daunting task, their chances of success are hanging by a thread. Thriller, starring Nicolas Cage, Angelina Jolie, Giovanni Ribisi and Robert Duvall.
Notting Hill (1999) Channel 5 10:00pm-12:30am
A recently divorced bookshop owner finds love with a glamorous Hollywood film star, but ends up the focus of unwanted media interest – which makes maintaining a relationship a tricky proposition. Romantic comedy written by Richard Curtis, starring Hugh Grant, Julia Roberts, Rhys Ifans, Emma Chambers, James Dreyfus and Gina McKee.
The Last Boy Scout (1991) ITV4 10:00pm-12:10am
A private eye half-heartedly takes a job as bodyguard to a nightclub dancer. A shocking attack, however, forces him to take his duties more seriously, and before long he uncovers evidence of murder and corruption – all linked to the world of American football. Action thriller, starring Bruce Willis, Damon Wayans, Chelsea Field, Halle Berry and Noble Willingham.
Whatever you're up to this weekend, make sure you've polished off the last of the Christmas food. Just in case!
Categories90s tees, Movies TagsAngelina Jolie, Bradley Cooper, Bruce Willis, Damon Wayans, Dirty Dancing, Gene Hackman, Goosebumps, Hugh Grant, Jim Carrey, John Goodman, Julia Roberts, Meg Ryan, Nicolas Cage, Rugrats, Sharon Stone, Sylvester Stallone, Tom Hanks, Woody Allen, Zooey Deschanel
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Q: Merging dataframes iteratively with pandas
I'm trying to merge two dataframes in pandas, using read_csv. But one of my dataframes (in this example d1) is too big for my computer to handle, so I'm using the iterator argument in read_csv.
Let's say I have two dataframes
d1 = pd.DataFrame({
    "col1":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],
    "col2": [5,4,3,2,5,43,2,5,6],
    "col3": [10,10,10,10,10,4,10,10,10]},
    index=["paul", "peter", "lauren", "dave", "bill", "steve", "old-man", "bob", "tim"])

d2 = pd.DataFrame({
    "yes/no": [1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0]},
    index=["paul", "peter", "lauren", "dave", "bill", "steve", "old-man", "bob", "tim"])

I need to merge them so that each row captures all data for each person, so the equivalent of doing:
pd.concat((d1,d2), axis=1,join="outer")

but since I can't fit d1 into memory, I've been using read_csv (I'm using  read_csv because I already processed a huge file and saved it into .csv format, so imagine my dataframe d1 is contained in the file test.csv).
itera = pd.read_csv("test.csv",index_col="index",iterator=True,chunksize=2)

But when I do
for i in itera:
    d2 = pd.concat((d2,i), axis=1,join="outer")

my output is the first dataframe appended by the second dataframe.
My output looks like this:
        col1  col2  col3   yes/no
one     NaN   NaN   NaN     1.0
two     NaN   NaN   NaN     0.0
three   NaN   NaN   NaN     1.0
four    NaN   NaN   NaN     0.0
five    NaN   NaN   NaN     1.0
six     NaN   NaN   NaN     1.0
seven   NaN   NaN   NaN     1.0
eight   NaN   NaN   NaN     0.0
nine    NaN   NaN   NaN     0.0
one     1.0   5.0  10.0     NaN
two     2.0   4.0  10.0     NaN
three   3.0   3.0  10.0     NaN
four    4.0   2.0  10.0     NaN
five    5.0   5.0  10.0     NaN
six     6.0  43.0   4.0     NaN
seven   7.0   2.0  10.0     NaN
eight   8.0   5.0  10.0     NaN
nine    9.0   6.0  10.0     NaN

Hope my question makes sense :)

A: I think you are looking for combine first method.  It basically updates df1 with values from the each chunk in the read_csv iterator.
import pandas as pd
from StringIO import StringIO

d1 = pd.DataFrame({
    "col1":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],
    "col2": [5,4,3,2,5,43,2,5,6],
    "col3": [10,10,10,10,10,4,10,10,10]},
    index=["paul", "peter", "lauren", "dave", "bill", "steve", "old-man", "bob", "tim"])

#d2 converted to string tho use with pd.read_csv
d2 =  StringIO("""y/n col5
paul 1
peter 0
lauren 1
dave 0
bill 1
steve 1
old-man 1
bob 0
tim 0
""")

#For each chunk update d1 with data
for chunk in pd.read_csv(d2, sep = ' ',iterator=True,chunksize=1):
    d1 = d1.combine_first(chunk[['y/n']])
#Number formatting
d1['y/n'] = d1['y/n'].astype(int)

Which returns d1 looking like:
         col1  col2  col3  y/n
bill        5     5    10    1
bob         8     5    10    0
dave        4     2    10    0
lauren      3     3    10    1
old-man     7     2    10    1
paul        1     5    10    1
peter       2     4    10    0
steve       6    43     4    1
tim         9     6    10    0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Philadelphia Union veteran Ray Gaddis one of the leaders of Black Players Coalition
"We're advocating to break down barriers, not only within the soccer world, but also educationally, also in the medical field, also day-to-day things that people have to go through that look like me"
By Michel Jreissati@MickeyJreissati Jun 23, 2020, 5:30pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Philadelphia Union veteran Ray Gaddis one of the leaders of Black Players Coalition
Photo by Heather Barry
Ray Gaddis said ''racism isn't about white or black,'' talked about the support he's received from the Philadelphia Union and reflected on protests in Indianapolis during a Zoom call with media on Monday.
The defender helped form the Black Players Coalition of MLS and is a board member for the coalition that was announced on Juneteenth last Friday.
''Now, I think for far too long, we've never really got to the issue of racism," he said. "Racism isn't about white or black. For me personally, it's a heart posture situation. It's a mentality. It's something that's learned. And it's also something that can be unlearned. You weren't born to be racist. You weren't born having hate or bigotry in your heart, you know, these are things that have been set and taught.''
The 30-year-old went on to reflect on protests he attended in his home city of Indianapolis after George Floyd was killed in police custody in Minneapolis. Gaddis wore an "I Can't Breathe" shirt when he returned to training with the team in Delaware.
''It was important to advocate, promote peace also in my city," he said. "You know, I wasn't alone... So many athletes really came home and really got behind a band of people... It wasn't just African Americans or people of color, and that was a blessing to see.''
Former Union forward CJ Sapong is another one the board members of the group, which is led by Toronto FC veteran defender Justin Morrow. The group secured $75,000 in charitable contributions by the MLS Players Association and is in conversations with sponsors to support various initiatives and community efforts.
"We're advocating to break down barriers, not only within the soccer world, but also educationally, also in the medical field, also day-to-day things that people have to go through that look like me," Gaddis said.
When asked about the awareness among his teammates and how manager Jim Curtin has been vocal about it, Gaddis said it's been "a pleasure to have a coach who's understanding. I mean, we're in Philadelphia, Philadelphia is a historic city. And I think that his cultural awareness of everything that's transpired even before he's gotten here and his understanding as a coach, especially dealing from the academy down... I think he has a sense of awareness to understand that this is important."
Gaddis said he has also felt the support from his teammates and across the entire organization.
"If you haven't caught on, this team is very informed, this team is very educated, this team is fighting for social reform, this team is fighting for what's right on and off the field," Gaddis said. "That says a lot about collectively what the Philadelphia Union stands for."


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200: Victory Motorcycles rider Matt Smith will reach milestone in Norwalk
Victory Motorcycles rider Matt Smith will reach a career milestone in the Summit Racing Equipment NHRA Nationals this weekend at Summit Motorsports Park, as the two-time Pro Stock Motorcycle champ will compete in the 200th race of his NHRA career.
Smith made his debut at the U.S. Nationals in 2002, and though he didn't qualify for that race, the seed was planted in his mind. He knew he wanted to be a professional racer from that point, and his career has taken off. Smith has won 17 races — seventh all time in the PSM class — and the championships in 2007 and 2013. His 23 No. 1 qualifiers rank 31st all time across all pro categories.
Now, Smith heads to his 200th career race.
"It makes me feel pretty old," Smith said with a laugh. "No, I'm glad to be able to make it to 200. A lot of people don't get to race one race, so for me to be able to call it my 200th race is pretty exciting.
"It would be even better if we could get all these gremlins behind us and get this Victory Gunner to the winner's circle for our 200th race."
Smith began his NHRA career at the U.S. Nationals in 2002, renting a bike from Shawn Gann. After five rounds of qualifying, he was tied for No. 16 in the qualifying order, but his speed was the slowest of the three riders tied, so Smith failed to qualify.
"I'd raced and won championships in everything I'd ever done and every sanction I'd ever raced in," Smith said. "As you come up through the ranks, you want to race NHRA, be on TV, and be successful. When I did my first race, in 2003, it was Indianapolis. I just wanted to go there and try to race, and I had rented a bike from Shawn Gann. I ended up being 17th, but after that, I was like, 'This is what I want to do.' "
He qualified for his first race the following season, advancing all the way to the semifinals.
"It goes from there," Smith said. "I started going to more and more races and went full time."
Smith won his first race in 2006, at Englishtown, N.J., even though he celebrated in the winner's circle at Indy the year before. Because of a timing malfunction, the win light came on in Smith's lane at Indy in 2005, and he celebrated that day, but after reviewing finish-line photos, NHRA officials correctly gave the win to Steve Johnson.
"When I look at some of my career highlights, definitely Englishtown for my first win was big for me," Smith said.
Smith won at Indy the following season, when he scored his first top-five finish in the points standings. A year later, in 2007, he won four races and the Pro Stock Motorcycle championship.
Smith won a second title in 2013, winning four races along the way. One of those wins came in Norwalk, where he shared the winner's circle with his father, Rickie, who won in Pro Mod that day.
"We went on to win the championship together, too," Smith said. "That would be one of my biggest wins."
Smith went to another final round at the U.S. Nationals that season, and though he lost to John Hall, all was not lost, as Hall was also racing a Matt Smith Racing bike.
Another all-MSR final came in 2014, when wife Angie beat Smith in Epping, N.H. The 17th victory for Smith came at the second Las Vegas race, where he beat Jerry Savoie in 2013.
Smith began racing for Victory Motorcycles in 2015, fielding Gunners for himself and wife Angie. Could race No. 200 equal victory No. 18? Stay tuned.
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IDBL Dragbike Racing Back on Black
Lucas Oil Racing TV rider Hector Arana Jr. Would Love to Follow Dad to Norwalk Winner's Circle


The 2014 Technology Matching Fund grant cycle is now open!
The City is awarding matching grants of up to $20,000 per project to increase technology literacy or use of technology tools for civic engagement for Seattle residents. The deadline to apply is March 12th!
The free grant workshops will both cover the same information: grant basics, how to apply, grant requirements and what makes a successful application.
Over 70 community representatives came to City Hall on Aug 7th to share about the amazing work they do helping Seattle's most vulnerable residents gain technology access and skills. Councilmember Bruce Harrell's committee unanimously approved funding $320,000 in Technology Matching Funds to support their efforts. From finding a job to thriving in school "Technology is needed for everthing we do" said Eritrean community member, Kiflemariam Sequar, who plans to use the funds to provide a computer lab in the Central district. Other groups are making an impact with projects that range from teaching youth about robotics, helping low vision seniors use assistive technology to developing low power fm radio programs.
Congratulations to all our 2013 Technology Matching Fund Recipients!