Does the law treat the insane differently than the retarded?
There is little legal connection between insanity and mental retardation. "Insanity" is a legal term, not a medical one. "Mental retardation" is a medical construct--generally applied to anyone who scores below about 70 on an IQ test. A defendant can be mentally retarded without being legally insane, and vice versa. Still, there is some overlap. Between 20 to 35 percent of all non-institutionalised mentally retarded people have also been diagnosed with some form of mental illness.
Evidence of mental retardation tends to be a factor at two limited phases of a criminal trial: during a preliminary competency hearing, and later--if the defendant proceeds to conviction--to mitigate the severity of the punishment.
Insanity, on the other hand, is a legal defence. Evidence of a defendant's insanity is put on during trial to support a specific legal theory for the defence: that the offender didn't understand what he was doing at the time of the crime. Courts have been clear that the insanity defence and competence to stand trial are wholly independent determinations because they involve a defendant's mental state at different times and because the ultimate questions differ.
Court competency hearings determine whether or not a retarded defendant can: 1) comprehend the nature of the charges again him; and 2) assist in his own defence. If the defendant cannot do so, he will usually be committed to a forensic hospital or, under some state laws, to prison sometimes for life, depending on his crime. These hearings are conducted by judges who rely heavily on psychiatric reports.
An insane defendant may also go through a competency hearing prior to trial. But unlike a severely retarded offender, he may well be deemed competent to stand trial. Since retardation is a permanent condition while "insanity" may be treatable, the insane offender can be often be "made" competent, with medication or therapies, whereas the retarded defendant may not.
An insane defendant found competent to stand trial still has the option of pleading "not guilty by reason of insanity," a term which dates back to English common law. M'Naghten's Rule--still the test for legal insanity in about a third of the states--derives from an 1843 case involving a man who shot Prime Minister Robert Peel's secretary in the mistaken belief that the man was Peel. M'Naghten's rule holds that a person is insane if "at the time of committing the act, he was labouring under such a defect of reason from disease of the mind as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or if he did know it, that he did not know what he was doing was wrong." About half the states use a more lenient standard than this "right versus wrong" test to determine insanity, specifically whether "the defendant could have known of the criminality (wrongfulness) of his conduct or conform his conduct to the requirements of law." Most mentally retarded people are not found to be legally insane.
While the public believes that some famous insanity pleaders, including the Unabomber, Lorena Bobbitt, and most notoriously, John Hinckley, "fake" insanity to avoid punishment, a 1991 study showed that just under 1 percent of defendants pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity, and that only one in four of those pleas resulted in an acquittal. Even if a defendant can prevail on an insanity defence, s/he'll most likely be confined to a hospital for the severely mentally ill for a longer or equivalent period of time to his/her likely prison sentence.
Since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, at least 35 mentally retarded defendants have been executed in the United States. In 1989, the Supreme Court ruled that it was "okay" to execute the mentally retarded because there was no "national consensus" against the practice. They have agreed to revisit that issue next term, in part because in 1989, only two states barred executing the mentally retarded.
Even if found competent to stand trial, a defendant has the right to bring in evidence of his mental retardation at the sentencing phase of the hearing. Juries can determine at that time whether an offender's mental retardation should be a mitigating factor in penalising him.
What are the legal rights of the retarded?
The legal rights of the retarded in other areas--such as marriage, home ownership, and the right to drive have not been explored. What are those rights?
3) If the condition is present from childhood (defined as age 18 or younger).
Mentally retarded individuals have the same legal rights to marry, drive cars, and own homes as any other American, says Dr. Richard Redding of the University of Virginia's Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy, and they need not pass any competency tests. So long as a mentally retarded individual can pass the DMV tests, he may drive a car; so long as he can pay the rent, a mentally retarded person may live where he pleases.
Under federal law, public schools may no longer assume that all retarded children must be sent to special classrooms. Instead, every retarded child is evaluated to determine what kind of education is appropriate. Some are placed in special classrooms for children with learning disabilities, while others are placed in a regular classroom with a special aide.
More than 30 states either prohibit or restrict marriage between people with "developmental disabilities" (another term for mental retardation). Such marriage laws are rarely enforced. But when they are, a competency hearing can be triggered by a guardian or family member who suspects manipulation or coercion behind the marriage. Courts adjudicating the denial of such fundamental rights as the right to marry or procreate will use a heightened level of scrutiny to evaluate whether the retarded individual is being unfairly denied his or her constitutional rights.
There has also been significant litigation under the Americans with Disabilities Act involving mentally retarded individuals evicted or denied access to housing based on their disability. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act and other civil rights legislation, including the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, landlords and communities can no longer deny housing, employment, or other fundamental rights to the developmentally disabled without a strong showing that they simply have no capability to function.
The articles are compiled from www.slate.com, published on the occasion of World Mental Health Day.


themes of tech, trade, environment, and other topics driving Asia's transformation, in order to explore a small group of islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago.
The Komodo Islands are unique in so many ways. It's a world-class diving spot where you can swim up-close and personal with giant manta rays, drink sun-downers and watch fox bats fly overhead by the thousands, and of course, take a peek into the world of the legendary Komodo Dragons.
However, not all is well in the land that time forgot. Komodo National Park is home to 5,000 dragons but increasingly, the giant reptiles are under siege from a trifecta of tourism, food shortages and smuggling. Join me on this trip to the Komodo Islands to learn more.


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Military Medals /
Doolittle Tokyo Raiders Bronze Medal
Product: Select Product 1.5 Inch - $20.00 3 Inch - $160.00
Honors the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders for their extraordinary service during World War II.
Bronze replica of the Congressional Gold Medal.
Available in 1.5 or 3 inches in diameter
Item Number: MASTER_MLDTR
The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders Bronze Medal is a bronze replica of the Congressional Gold Medal awarded to the Doolittle Raiders – a group of 80 U.S. airmen who flew a mission into Japan on April 18, 1942 – for their extraordinary service during World War II.
The obverse design features the North American B–25B Mitchell launching off the USS Hornet (CV–8), 16 stars representing the 16 flight crews that made up the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders, and the inscriptions "DOOLITTLE TOKYO RAIDERS," "FIRST STRIKE" and "APRIL 18, 1942."
The reverse design features B–25B Mitchell aircraft approaching their target with four patches representing the four squadrons (34th, 37th, 89th, and 95th) that make up the 17th Bombardment Group. The inscriptions are "17TH BOMBARDMENT GROUP," "TOUJOURS AU DANGER" and "ACT OF CONGRESS 2014."
Buy the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders military medal for any World War II history buff, or add it to your collection.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Freezing air temperatures combined with warmer ocean temperature create cauldron like sea smoke conditions at Cutler Harbor, Maine. Silhouetted lobster boats lie restfully at their moorings bathed in the warm early morning light.
With the sun rising over Little River Island at the mouth of Cutler Harbor winter's magical display warms the soul in this frigid down east Maine landscape.


A couple of years ago, the gadget trends demanded the newest products to be as small as possible in order for them to be comfortable to wear and use. The slimming part of these minimizing trends was rather useful but the shrinking trend did not last. As you have probably notices, the next generation tablets are larger now than the previous model. We assume that this will go on for a while until they become too large at which point they will start shrinking again. However, as much as the manufacturers of smart devices obsesses over size, that this not the main problem with portable gadgets. The main problem is the lack of buttons which is supposed to be a good think but it makes it harder for the users to interact with the devices effortlessly. Perhaps it was this reasoning that led Microsoft to develop the Surface Pro. This product is a hybrid between a tablet and laptop and it combines the best qualities of both devices. Lets dig deeper into the specifications of the Microsoft Surface Pro and see if this device will make tablets more comfortable to use.
There are very few people who continue to use desktops as laptops and tablets are becoming very accessible and affordable. However, desktops did have their benefits and one might say that they are irreplaceable for working environments. The Microsoft Surface Pro is designed in order to offer the same benefits as a desktop or a laptop but in a smaller size and a more comfortable shape.
Microsoft Surface Pro features the same elements of the previous R/T version but also a lot of new features such as an improved multi-touch technology. It features an Intel Core i5 Ivy Bridge CPU, HD Graphics 4000 and 128GB SSD. Pro's innovative Touch Cover is incredibly precise, putting the Surface Pro way above competitive products. the 16:9 aspect ratio and full HD display touchscreen delivers a resolution of 1080p. The unique keyboard also doubles as a protective cover so that the users can choose whether or not they need it. Another interesting accessory is the Pro Pen which you can use in order to take notes, mark documents or draw. The tablet can also be connected to wireless networks and Bluetooth devices. The Pro Surface also features two cameras and a microphone. In a nutshell, this product is meant to improve the functions of a table without any inconveniences.


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Mały Przysłop (996 m) – szczyt w Beskidzie Żywieckim
 Mały Przysłop (1165 m) – szczyt w Tatrach Bielskich

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Hay Donation - Need Transport!
Hello AGES followers!! We are in need of a semi-flatbed trailer (and driver) which we could pay for gas/time to pick up a load of large round bales in Mayville Wisconsin!
This is donated - just cut large rounds which generally around 24-28 can fit on a load? Does anyone have any connections to anyone that would be willing to help us? We would need it later this week to drop in his field where he would stack and then driver would deliver to Elkhart Lake..... please help us brainstorm to get this done!!
We are almost completely out of hay and all this hay would be donated!!!!


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Back to News Advice Centre News Reserve Fund compliance now urgent for ST schemes
Reserve Fund compliance now urgent for ST schemes
Press • Nov 30, 2020
Sectional Title schemes that are not yet compliant with the reserve fund provisions of the Community Housing Schemes Ombud Services (CSOS) Act should rectify that position as soon as possible.
So says Andrew Schaefer, MD of national property management company Trafalgar, who notes that since the Act was passed in 2016, the CSOS Ombud is likely to take a "dim view" of schemes that haven't yet set up a reserve fund to cover long-term, planned maintenance activities.
"The CSOS Act stipulates that every scheme must have a 10-year maintenance plan, preferably compiled by a professional, and a separate reserve fund to cover the estimated costs of the items listed in this plan. These could include painting the building exteriors at certain set intervals, for example, or waterproofing the roofs, or replacing certain equipment that is expected to wear out.
"The size of this reserve fund is determined according to a set formula, depending on the existing reserves of the scheme and the forecast maintenance plan costs, and it must have its own budget, own bank account and own books of account, separate from those of the so-called administration fund, which covers the day-to-day operations of the scheme and any running repairs."
The Act also provides, he notes, that contributions to the reserve fund must be included in the monthly levies that owners pay, "and that naturally means higher levies which, we believe, is the main reason that quite a large percentage of ST schemes are still not compliant with the legislation. Trustees are often reluctant to implement a levy increase that is more than the rate of inflation, even when this will lead to a budget shortfall.
"Nevertheless, it is really important for them to address the reserve fund situation now, preferably with the help of a professional management company like Trafalgar, which can streamline the whole process of getting a 10-year maintenance plan drawn up, establishing the reserve fund and ensuring that the required contributions to the fund are built into owners' monthly levies."
Apart from contravening the provisions of the CSOS Act, there are two other important reasons for schemes to become compliant, says Schaefer. The first of these is to avoid having to impose special levies when any major repair or maintenance work outside of the day-to-day running of the complex becomes necessary. "Special levies are loathed by owners, are notoriously difficult to collect and make it more difficult to attract potential buyers to units that are for sale.
"It is far better to have a reserve fund and for owners to pay monthly contributions that are included in their levies, in the same way that it is better for individuals to save a little 'rainy day' money every month, instead of having to take out a big personal loan when they face a major expense that isn't in their normal budget."
The second reason, he says, is that auditors are starting to "qualify" the financial reports of schemes that don't have a 10-year maintenance plan or a reserve fund, due to the legal and financial risks of non-compliance. "And that is very serious because it could lead to the banks refusing to approve home loans in non-compliant schemes and the units in those schemes once again becoming unattractive to potential buyers and losing a lot of their value."
By Trafalgar
The secrets of budgeting success for community housing schemes
How community housing schemes can budget successfully in 2021 and beyond.
Short courses for sectional title members
Sectional title is a complex subject that many people don't quite understand; it has become evident that there is a need for additional training in the sectional title arena. Paddocks is proud to ...
The POPI Act and privacy in community housing schemes
Learn more about how the POPI Act is applied in community housing schemes.


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At Synergy Massage & Personal Fitness we recognize the importance of massage in achieving overall wellness. Created nearly 4,000 years ago, massage therapy it is actually one of the oldest treatments available in history. This health technique utilizes various bodywork to address muscular and soft tissue problems such as those caused by sports injuries.
Our Synergy Massage therapists use Trigger point, Deep tissue, myofascial release, myoskeletal alignment technique, massage cupping and other skills to help our clients overcome pain, increase range of motion, and promote overall good health. We also educate our clients in self care techniques to further facilitate their well being, such as THAW Foam roller. Relaxation to medical massage our therapists have the skills and compassion to facilitate your journey of wellness.
We have created a comfortable and professional setting with you in mind. Relax to our massages and get rejuvenated with our treatments.
Massage therapy during pregnancy is a wonderful complementary choice for prenatal care. It is a healthy way to reduce stress and promote overall wellness. Massage relieves many of the normal discomforts experienced during pregnancy, such as backaches, stiff neck, leg cramps, headaches and edema.
The source of chronic pain for many arises from very common imbalances and dysfunctional patterns in the musculoskeletal system. Most chronic pain can be relieved with a combination of skilled massage therapy and intelligent exercises. Our massage therapists have been trained to know how these brain-body systems work together, what problems lead to pain, and how to recreate optimal balance and performance.
Each myofascial release massage session is performed directly on skin without oils, creams or machinery. This enables the therapist to accurately detect fascial restrictions and apply the appropriate amount of sustained pressure to facilitate release of the fascia.
The role of acupressure has been paramount in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than 2000 years, and the fact that it is still in use today is a testimony to its effectiveness in the treatment of illness and pain.
Acupressure is essentially a method of sending a signal to the body (by needle or other means) to �turn on� its own self-healing or regulatory mechanisms. Normally, Qi (vital energy) circulates through natural pathways in the body called meridians. Blockage of this flow or an imbalance in Yin and Yang can cause illness and pain. Acupressure helps to correct functional imbalances and restore the flow thus returning the body to a more natural state of well-being.
Your lymphatic system helps eliminate your body�s waste. A healthy, active lymphatic system uses the natural movements of smooth muscle tissue to do this. However, surgery or other damage can cause fluids to build up in your lymph system and your lymph nodes, a condition known as lymphedema.
If you�ve ever had a surgery on or involving your lymph nodes, your doctor may have suggested lymphatic drainage massage.
Swedish massage is the most common and best-known type of massage in the West. It's the foundation for other types of Western massage, including sports massage, deep tissue massage and aromatherapy massage, and is based on the Western concepts of anatomy and physiology, as opposed to energy work on "meridiens" or sen lines in Asian massage systems.
If it's your first time at the spa or you don't get massage often, a swedish massage is the best place to start.
Craniosacral therapy is a gentle, noninvasive form of bodywork that addresses the bones of the head, spinal column and sacrum. The goal is to release compression in those areas which alleviates stress and pain.
Craniosacral massage therapy seeks to restore the natural position of the bones and can decrease stress from chronic injuries as well as provide relief from migraine headaches, neck and back pain, temporomandibular joint disorder (the inflammation of the joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull) and more.
Adhesions are your body�s attempt to heal a soft tissue injury with a lengthy inflammatory process, resulting in long strands of collagenous scar tissue. These new tissues pull against one another, forming trigger points of pain.
Soft tissue manipulation is a form of manual therapy where your provider uses hand-on techniques on the soft tissues of your body with the goal of breaking adhesions.
A trigger point is a tight area within muscle tissue that causes pain in other parts of the body. A trigger point in the back, for example, may produce referral pain in the neck. The neck, now acting as a satellite trigger point, may then cause pain in the head. The pain may be sharp and intense or a dull ache.
We treat everything from arthritis to pulled muscles to inflammation with ice packs or heating pads. Treating pain with hot and cold can be extremely effective for a number of different conditions and injuries, and easily affordable. The tricky part is knowing what situations calls for hot, and which calls for cold. Sometimes a single treatment will even include both.
A hot stone massage is a type of massage therapy. It�s used to help you relax and ease tense muscles and damaged soft tissues throughout your body.
During a hot stone massage, smooth, flat, heated stones are placed on specific parts of your body. The stones are usually made of basalt, a type of volcanic rock that retains heat.
At Synergy Massage our therapists offer a range of stretching therapy programs to assist our clients rehabilitating from musculoskeletal conditions and injuries.
We educate our clients in self care techniques to further facilitate their well being, such as THAW Foam roller. Relaxation to medical massage our therapists have the skills and compassion to facilitate your journey of wellness.
We accept medically referred Insurance cases. Workmans Compensation, Auto Accident, or slip and fall cases are commonly accepted. We have a specialized prescription pad containing those diagnosed, modalities, and or procedures most often falling within the massage therapists scope of practice. The modalities and or procedures most used are already checked on the prescription pad in order to avoid insurance company delays, assuring your continuing care. Ask your Doctor about massage therapy being a part of your therapeutic care.


As I come back to Webster University this week after sabbatical, I am planning specific vocal exercises to start each lesson. These will help me hear how students have progressed over the last five months!
More of the height . . . less of the bright!
On that vowel, less space and more of the cheeks.
You're making sound. What if you made meaning instead?
Use the syncopation to create a sense of anticipation, rather than holding back. Rush forward . . . .
Fail hard. Fail fast. Fail often.
Reach. Fail. Make a corrected reach.
Run away with me, The Unauthorized Biography ….
We heard over 600 auditions in four days!
Ask for a bell tone. Anything else may well confuse you.
Unless your piece really truly requires a bar or two of introduction, breathe and jump right your first phrase. Here's the deal: you get to set the tempo if you start right in, but the accompanist sets the tempo and tone if you ask for an intro bar or two. And if you start right in, you have no questions about when to join the piano!
Know that the B idea or bridge of the song is rarely going to be the best audition cut, since it's explanatory and serves to drive us back to the return of the A idea. Without that A idea, the audition cut just sound incomplete and even inadequate. And the bridge is almost always not in the home key, which means that we don't gain closure.
Consider asking a music professional to help you devise an appropriate 16- or 32-bar cut, especially of more contemporary music. So much newer music is not built in standard 4- or 8-bar phrases, and needs a well-considered cutting to make it work!
The cut should have a clear start. Rarely, for instance, is the last phrase of the first A idea going to be a clean starting point, since you are already in the midst of a longer textual idea.
Likewise, the cut should have a cadential ending. Don't leave us hanging on a V chord, or a transitional moment. A do chord is your best ending, unless the song is supposed end in a nebulous way.
The text of the cut should tell a very short story, or give us insight into you or your state of mind. Text and music must work together to make a satisfying cut.
Unless you are in NYC, or know that you have a demi-god at the piano at the audition, please consider not singing pieces that feature highly rhythmic, detailed accompaniments. Or pointillistic accompaniments (Adam Guettel, Pasek & Paul). Many contemporary pieces are not necessarily conceived for piano, and even those that are (think Jason Robert Brown!) are challenging for the mere-mortal collaborative pianist. That pianist wants to make you look good, but can't collaborate as well if lost in the notes.
Be certain you can sing all of the notes in the song all of the time. If you've cracked in rehearsal, you will indeed crack at the audition.
Unless you truly understand belting, consider not belting. We are happy to hear lyrical sounds, and we are delighted to hear a healthy mix.
Deliver the text. We just want some honesty, and that starts with words, not notes.
And remember that you have about 20 seconds at the start to land the impression. The beginning of the cut really matters!
The plastic-sleeves-or-not debate depends on the collaborative pianist's desires, but at the least, put your music in a three-ring binder. Or better yet, get your cut down to two pages, and paste or tape it onto a file folder. Single sheets and a piano music rack don't mix!
As I hear auditions at the International Thespian Festival in Lincoln, I'm keeping a comprehensive list of the songs that these rising high school seniors are singing.
The view from my audition desk before the students arrive.
It only takes a moment, Hello Dolly!
Who can I turn to?, The Roar of the Greasepaint etc.
This is an interesting op-doc from the New York Times.
I often talk about the difference [s] sounds, as I'm teaching voice lessons.
My studio suddenly has a handful of younger boys, several with recently-changed voices, and one who is not there yet.
I'm building a list of songs that are appropriate for them, both vocally and temperamentally. I'm looking for texts that are also age-appropriate.
My student C. has a weak spot in her voice at E5. She knows it. I know it. We hear it. We feel it.
She's now a senior, and we need to get this fixed before she leaves college.
So today I gave her a simple isolation exercise, moving over the E5 on five basic vowels. The idea here is to slowly connect over the E5, really feeling the move from one pitch to the next, and deal with this one little corner of the voice the same way an athlete would isolate a particular muscle.
After singing this five times in D-flat, move up a half-step to D for five more reps, then up to E-flat for five more reps.


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2015's Top Technology Trends That Are Important to Consider
There are a lot of new and hot technology trends for 2015 that you can check out and know that which technology is going to come and will rule technology industry.
Continue reading this blog for more information on tech trends for 2015!
A study has been presented by Ericsson ConsumerLab on the significant technology trends for 2015. The study mainly focuses on the conduct of smart-phones owners, who aged 15-69 from across the world.
The data also indicates the views of 85 million active Internet users. These are such trends that are very much important to consider for all those people, who are concerned with application development.
You're not only needed to be informed about current consumer demands and expectations, but you need to try to think ahead of them. You can find some of the technology trends that are completely best:
The Incensed Future
It has been found that more and more viewers are shifting towards simple and on-demand services, enabling cross-platform access to video content in an Ericsson ConsumerLab survey of 23 countries.
No matter whether you are watching your favorite show in the US, China or Spain, the future is streaming. In the year 2014, we have seen the popularity of streaming overhaul broadcast TV among all those people who aged 16 to 45 with 80% in this age group watching streamed video a lot of times in a single week or more.
Approximately 77% of the total sample population is watching broadcast content as compare to 75%, who favored streaming services, but it has been set to change while 2015. This year will be considered as historical as we are capable of watching streamed content frequently than broadcast TV.
A lot of consumers show a sturdy interest in having their homes help them. ConsumerLab also surveyed that 55% of the smart-phone owners are interested in water sensors that will warn you whenever any danger of flooding because of rain, a leaking water pipe, a malfunctioning washing machine and more.
Half of the surveyed people are also looking forward to remotely checking their refrigerator's temperature. Moreover, consumers also wanted to make their homes aware when family members come and go.
More than 48% of the smartphone owners were also interested in a bathroom mirror, which shows data about how well they have slept and shows a calendar, reminders and news. 47% also like their toothbrush so that they can give advice on how to brush well.
Clever Citizens
Today, there are 76% of smart-phone owners, who want traffic maps for streets, public areas and sidewalks so that they can report on how crowded the area is.
You know that 70% of people wanted to compare their daily household use of electricity, water with their neighbors and gas. 66% people say that having such a smartphone that can check the quality of water of public facilities and can compare it with same facility that is nearby will be extremely useful.
Now, 70% of people are thinking that these concepts will be thought by 2020. Grdaully, we all are becoming smart and clever citizens. Exceptional practices and effective smarter social rules re developing in our cities via changing behaviors of, we people.
The Digital Wallet
Ericsson ConsumerLab surveyed that approximately 48% people would like to opt for using their phone to pay goods and services while a third believe that smart-phones must regenerate cash. By making purchases, we can change a lot than the transaction of money.
By collecting loyalty cards, receipts, discount coupons, scribbled notes, our wallets are brimming over – however, all of these will remain as a part of the shopping experience. While 80% of consumers are trusting their smart-phones will become a replacement for their wallet of purse by 2020.
Therefore, it is must to think broader as compare to mobile payments. It is already noticed that 55% of consumers would also like their smartphones to save their receipts with 72% are looking forward to having the capability of disabling payment functionality remotely.
Discussing or Sharing Mind
Today, a lot of consumers have grasped a constant increasing range of communications options. However, there are lots of new ways of communications that will continue to appear, providing people different ways to stay in touch with friends and family.
Apart from this, more than a third of consumers have an interest in making use of smart watch, which will convey touch gestures or their pulse to other interestingly. Moreover, 40% of smartphone users also like to make use wearable devices in order to communicate with others. And over two-third believe this form of communication will be commonplace by 2020.
The Sharing Economy
According to an Ericsson ConsumerLab survey, we all have noticed that many three-quarters of smart-phone owners are very much interested in a sharing economy. It was also found that over half of smartphone owners are ready for renting other people's leisure equipment, household appliances and rooms.
Allowing other people to make use of our things when do not want to use can save resources; however, consumers are encouraged by the convenience of not having to own. It also looks like that saving money is highly essential thing by sharing than making money from the process.
Above mentioned top technology trends for 2015 can bring a lot of change in the world and take a whole technology industry to new heights. If you are also looking forward to getting an assistance from tech professionals, you can get in touch with us!
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Q: TCPDF: Writing multiple images after eachother using writeHTML renders images in a "staircase" shape instead of in a straight line I'm using the PHP class TCPDF's writeHTML method for creating a PDF document. It works great and seems to cover what I need, but when I try to create multiple images in a straight line using HTML  elements in a sequence the images are not rendered in the straight line that I expect. Instead, the position of every sequential image is increased (or decreased in some cases) by a few pixels on the y axis, hence making the sequence of images look like a "staircase":
What I expect (every x is a picture):
x x x

What I get:
x
 x
  x

Sometimes I get it the other way around:
  x
 x
x

The HTML markup looks like this:

HTML does not normally behave this way and I have not found any solutions by Googling. Any help would be appreciated! Thanks.

A: Have you considered trying to put it in a table?

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Freezing Cold, Little Charlie Lays In The Snow. Strangers Check On Him To Discover It's Not Deliberate
by Kim Hays March 21, 2018, 1:30 pm
Did you know that in most states, it's actually not illegal to hit an animal with a vehicle and then leave the scene?
So, if you slam into a poor dog and speed off, you're lot legally liable at all.
And that means some poor creature is either dead or close to death, with little hope of rescue.
That was what happened to Charlie, who was hit by a car and left to die in the snow by the side of the road.
That fact alone is enough to break anyone's heart.
Charlie was out for a stroll in Cabarrus County, North Carolina when he got hit, and the driver never stopped.
It wasn't until much later that two pedestrians spotted the severely injured pup. And they knew they had to act fast.
Because when they got close, they realized just how badly injured he was…
Charlie couldn't stand, could barely even move, and was obviously cold and hungry.
When they finally got him to a hospital, doctor x-rays revealed that the impact had crushed Charlie's pelvis.
The worst part is that such a crippling injury requires expensive surgery. And nobody was around to pay for it.
Well, a relative of one of his rescuers set up a GoFundMe page to raise money for the necessary operation.
And it worked out beautifully.
Once people heard the story, they were more than happy to donate a little and very soon, Charlie had all the money he needed!
Then came the successful operation and yes, the happy pup is back on his paws.
As you might expect, given the popularity of this story, there were plenty of people offering to adopt Charlie.
As soon as he's fully healed, he will be off to his forever home and hopefully, he'll never have to go through this again.
Just be careful when walking near busy roads, buddy!
And by the way, if you want to sign a petition to make animal hit-and-runs illegal in your state, visit this website.
Source: Honest to Paws
Poor Charlie Is Starving In The Freezing Snow Refusing To Get Up, Strangers Go To Check On Him And Realize The Heartbreaking Reason Why
Man Takes Off On 12-Mile Trip Not Realizing Puppy Had Crawled In The Engine!
Rescuers Rush To Save Small Deer Hit By A Car. Realize They Have To Take Desperate Measures
The Hit Deer Was Injured, But Alive. That's When Her Rescuer Realized The Danger Was Far From Over
Horribly Abused, Kanye Won't Let Anyone Near Him — This Angel Gives It One Last Try
Deaf, Sick and Chained, Blanco Needs An Angel, And Time Is Running Out
Written by Kim Hays
Kimberly has been a writer and editor for over 10 years. Her mantra is, write, proofread, rewrite, bang head on desk, then edit. If you've ever written anything on a deadline, you can relate
Mamma Dog Hid Her Most Precious Treasures In A Flooding Tunnel, Now Rescuers Have To Work Fast
Tiny Starving Kitten Found Abandoned, He Needs A Miracle In 24 Hours Or He's Done For
Two Pit Bulls Wandered Into The Hospital, How The Staff Reacted Is Not What We Expected
Parrot hears favorite Irish song come on, then busts out a jig like you've never seen
Groomer Laughs Hysterically At What This Puppy Starts Doing While She's Grooming Her – It's Going Viral!
Breeder tries to take 5 week old blind puppy to be euthanized – but the vet had other plans…
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A few of us made our way to King's Park Psychiatric Center again (and will again and again and again!), and got quite an eyeful this time around.
We began in the theater, which was awful last time and even worse this time. All the ice had melted, leaving the floor (and most things) with a nice, wet layer of pigeon poo. We still managed to make a go of it and got nice shots, and got to explore a few places we didn't see last time we were in there, including the area above the stage.
After that we stopped by building 94, which was the very cool looking laundry building. Lot's of open spaces and cool pillars, and some nice shots from the roof.
We then made our way to the power plant, where the smokestack was demolished a few days ago, but the security guy (who is very nice) said we couldn't get any closer than we were.
By this time we'd been there four hours already and were ready to go home. However, on the way back we ran into an explorer that we'd previously met and he agreed to show us into building 93, for which I am eternally thankful. This building still has beds, chairs, tables, all sorts of fun arts and crafts things and best of all – murals on the walls of the basement which were painted by old timey cartoonist Percy Crosby, who was locked up in the asylum for the last 16 years of his life (a fun story, google it).
All in all we spent around five hours there and saw a lot of cool things. We didn't get to see much of building 93 due to hunger and just generally being beat, but we definitely will go back. Our 'tour guide' promised much cooler things in some of the higher levels!
~ by Todd Kempf on March 24, 2013.


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Coachella 2017: Watch sets from Lady Gaga,…
Coachella 2017: Watch sets from Lady Gaga, Bastille on YouTube here
The crowd dance at the Do Lab stage during Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio on Friday, April 14, 2017. (Photo by Watchara Phomicinda, The Press-Enterprise/SCNG)
By Vanessa Franko | vfranko@scng.com | The Press-Enterprise
PUBLISHED: April 15, 2017 at 10:21 am | UPDATED: April 15, 2017 at 7:39 pm
The sold-out Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival kicked off its 19th year on Friday, April 14, at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, but if you prefer Couch-ella (less sunburn, cheaper beer), you won't even miss Saturday night headliner Lady Gaga.
The festival is streaming on YouTube again this year. Beware that there can be some delays, like last year when Guns 'N Roses was scheduled to be on and instead all of Axl Rose's fanboys were freaking out and hating on Silversun Pickups because the GNR stream hadn't yet started. (The fans just needed a little patience, yeah, yeah.)
In addition to Lady Gaga, keep an eye out for Southern California natives Local Natives at 3:35 p.m., Chicano Batman at 4:30 p.m. and Dreamcar, the supergroup with members of No Doubt fronted by AFI's Davey Havok, at 7:15 p.m.
(By the way, keep your eyes peeled on that Local Natives set. I have it on good authority that the band may have a special guest whose name rhymes with Shantogram.)
Check out all of our galleries and more Coachella 2017 coverage.
Here's the lineup for Saturday, April 15 with the players below each channel's schedule.
3:35 p.m. Local Natives
4:30 p.m. Chicano Batman
5:15 p.m. The Head and The Heart
6:10 p.m. Bastille
7:15 p.m. Two Door Cinema Club
8:20 p.m. Future
9:15 p.m. ScHoolboy Q
10:15 p.m. Bon Iver
11:20 p.m. Lady Gaga
3:35 p.m. Arkells
3:55 p.m. Kaleo
4:45 p.m. Car Seat Headrest
5:40 p.m. The Atomics
6:25 p.m. Róisín Murphy
7:15 p.m. DREAMCAR
8:05 p.m. Moderat
9:05 p.m. Warpaint
10:45 p.m. DJ Snake
Midnight Gucci Mane
3:35 p.m. Blossoms
4:20 p.m. Shura
5 p.m. Banks & Steelz
5:45 p.m. Autograf
6:35 p.m. Little Dragon (From Friday's performance)
7:25 p.m. Mura Masa
8:15 p.m. Gryffin
9:10 p.m. Tory Lanez
10 p.m. Röyksopp
10:55 p.m. Martin Garrix
12:05 a.m. Classixx
More stories, photos from Coachella 2017:
Photos: What it actually looks like to be at the festival
Here's how the first Friday at Coachella went down
Photos of the bands and their fans on Friday, Weekend 1
Photos of Radiohead from weekend one
Musical highlights from Saturday, Weekend 1
Photos of the bands and their fans on Saturday, Weekend 1
Who wore it best (or worst)? Photos of festival fashion
Vanessa Franko
Vanessa Franko is the Digital Director of Entertainment for the Southern California News Group. The lure of palm trees and covering pop culture brought her to The Press-Enterprise in Riverside in 2006. Vanessa has reported on everything from the Palm Springs International Film Festival to the MLB All-Star Game as a reporter, photographer, videographer and on-camera personality. She's won awards for her coverage of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival and for crime reporting in her home state of Maryland. Vanessa studied multimedia storytelling as a Knight Digital Media Center fellow in Dec. 2011 and has taught college courses in digital journalism. She's seen shows at every major concert venue in Southern California, but most special was when Paul McCartney played the high-desert roadhouse Pappy & Harriet's in Pioneertown for a couple hundred fans in Oct. 2016. Her album collection numbers in the thousands (including a couple hundred on vinyl) and when she isn't hunting for records, she and her husband like to check out the best in Southern California craft beer and watch sports. She also had a cameo in the 1992 Atlanta Braves highlight film, Lightning Strikes Twice!
Follow Vanessa Franko	@vanessafranko
Anime fans at Comic-Con express shock at the deadly fire, arson attack on Japanese animation studio


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Barn on the Boulevard
On Saturday, June 3rd, the Barn on the Boulevard celebrated its 130th birthday and the induction of four horsemen and one horsewoman into its Hall of Fame. The Barn, built in 1887, never shone more brightly than it did that evening as it seemed to beam with pride as person after person walked back through its door and down its center aisle filling its rafters with stories about the many horses trained and purchased, and the many memories made, there.
Over 180 people attended the event where Don Harris of Simpsonville, Kentucky, Jimmy Simmons of Mexico, Missouri, Glenda Pugh and her late husband Dale Pugh of New Bloomfield, Missouri, and the late Tom Bass of Mexico, Missouri were each honored and inducted into the Hall of Fame. It seemed that everyone in attendance couldn't say enough nice things about all the hard work Bobette Wilson, Mary Littrell, and the rest of their team have put into renovating the barn and what a lovely atmosphere they had created by stringing the thousands upon thousands of lights through and around the Barn's beams and rafters giving the barn a heavenly auora.
The evening kicked off at 5 pm with a cocktail and social hour where guests were invited to grab drinks from the two bars set up inside stalls at each end of the barn and wonder down the middle aisle while catching up with one another as two violinists and a cellist played from the center of the barn. Among the many guests in attendance were this year's inductees together with their families; last year's hall of fame inductee Virgil Helm and his wife Sandra Helm; Bob and Tonya Brison; Anne Neil; Anna Marie Knipp, along with Jim Lowry and his wife Fay and daughter Audrey; Mike Roberts and Jeff Vogel; Karen White Coup and her daughters Betts and Katie; Mark and Kelly Hulse; Sammy Williams; Sarah Track; Gayle Lampe; TJ Santaferra and Shane Vandercook; Mike Aponte and fiancee Amanda Tucker; Wesley Knipfel; Carol Carlson and grandaughter Aubrey Kufeldt; Rhonda and Dave Dickerson; and Chris Kaplan and her husband Dr. Kaplan.
Paulette Schroeder of Edmond, Oklahoma was the master of ceremonies with Tom Usnick of Mexico, Missouri and curator of the Audrain County American Saddlebred Museum and Historical Society providing colorful and entertaining remarks at the top of the evening. Schroeder introduced each inductee with an overview of that person's life and career and then guests were entertained as each inductee accepted their award and shared personal stories and reflections.
The evening was inspired by the opening barn dance held back in 1887 to celebrate the Barn on the Boulevard's grand opening and in keeping with its inspiration, the evening concluded with a dance in the barn's center aisle.
For those who may not know, the barn was disassembled piece by piece in 2009 with each board numbered before it was sent out to be restored, straightened and strengthened. One-half of the barn has been rebuilt with each board being returned to its original place. The last 120 feet of the barn has not yet been rebuilt, however, the Simmons Stables Preservation Fund, the organization formed in 2002 to restore the Barn, continues to work towards finishing the restoration. Although the Barn is not fully rebuilt, it is certainly a site to be seen for anyone interest in the history of the American Saddlebred industry or historic buildings in general, so be sure to swing by 701 West Boulevard in Mexico, Missouri the next time you're in the area and to contact Bobette Wilson if you're interested in assisting with the restoration.


The Hotel Tosca is located in Prague much sought district "Královské Vinohrady" near Metro Station "Náměstí Míru" (Line A) from which point you can get easy to any part of the city. From the hotel you have only 10 minutes walk to Wenceslas Square.
The Hotel Tosca offers 38 rooms (one of them is for disability person). Every hotel room has safety electronic system access, bathroom/toilet, satellite TV, telephone, min-bar, internet connection and all of them are air-conditioned.
In the hotel is lobby bar and conference room for 25 people.
The breakfast is served as buffet and reception is opened 24 hours.
Parking is near the hotel.


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Ireland capitulate to twin storms from Raina and spinners
Author : Salman Khan 30 Jun, 2018
The general consensus was that Ireland will offer much more resistance than they did in the first Twenty20 International on Wednesday (June 27) but there was no regressing to the mean for the hosts as they were crushed by 143 runs in the second and final game of the series by India in Dublin on Friday.
It was India's biggest win in T20Is which also helped them claim the two-match series 2-0. The 106-run second wicket association between KL Rahul (70 off 36) and Suresh Raina (69 off 45) followed by Hardik Pandya's blitzkrieg (an unbeaten 9-ball 32) set the tone for the visitors who scored in excess of 200 for the first time in consecutive games. In the end, India got 213 for 4 on the board, their fourth highest T20I total.
The contest was dead with barely the second innings power play gone as Ireland lost half their side just 39 balls into the innings. The twin wrist spinners - Kuldeep Yadav (3 for 16) and Yuzvendra Chahal (3 for 21) - proved too hot to handle for the Irish batsmen yet again as they were sent packing for a paltry score of 70 in 12.3 overs, which was also their second-lowest T20I score and the second shortest innings in the history of T20Is.
Rahul, who came in for Shikhar Dhawan for this game, made the most of the sparse opportunity and looked in imperious touch the moment he made his way out to the middle. He lifted Simi Singh, the offspinner, over the infield twice in the very first over to make his intentions clear. Virat Kohli, Rahul's opening partner, wasn't his usual self but it didn't deter Rahul, who used the pace of Boyd Rankin and slapped him over fine leg for the first of his six colossal sixes in the fourth over. Raina walked in at No. 3 and had two sixes - at either side of the pitch - against his name only six balls into his innings.
Both got stuck into the pedestrian bowling attack of the hosts as India raced past the 100-run mark in 10 overs. While Rahul took 28 balls to get to his fifty, Raina took 34. Seeing his regular bowlers going for plenty, Gary Wilson, the Irish captain, summoned part-timer Kevin O'Brien (3 for 40) in the 13th over. He proved to be a handful and saw the back of Rahul off his very first delivery when the opener handed him the simplest of return catches. He struck again two balls later when he sent Rohit Sharma, who batted at No. 4 today, back on his way for a blob.
But Raina kept the scoreboard ticking even as Manish Pandey struggled to find his rhythm. The left-hander fell in the 18th over, leaving Pandya with only 15 balls to play with. He clobbered as many as four sixes - all to different parts of the ground - to take 36 runs from the last two overs and helped India finish the innings on a high.
Umesh Yadav (2 for 19) was slippery and got the new ball to shape away, which brought the downfall of Paul Stirling, caught at first slip by Raina, off only the second ball of the innings. He struck again in his next over, the final one for the day for him, when he cleaned up William Porterfield (14), who was guilty of walking too far across his stumps. Siddharth Kaul, the debutant, then struck in the next over when he bowled a heavy ball which James Shannon could only slice to the cover fielder.
After the initial jitters, Ireland were up against the craft and quality of Kuldeep and Chahal. Kuldeep, in particular, gave the ball a good rip and got a lot of purchase from the wicket, sneaking through the gate twice. Chahal started his wicket-tally with a delivery which would have done Shane Warne proud when he castled Andy Balbirine in his first over. The ball pitched on middle stump but turned a long way to beat the bat of Balbirine and hit the top of the off stump. He went on to pick two more wickets, taking his series tally to six wickets while Kuldeep ended with seven.
India have covered most bases and look ready for the England series which will kick off in Manchester next week. For Ireland, they need to improve quickly for they looked totally out of depth against one of the best teams in the world.
Malik, bowlers humble Scotland to clinch series
Sarfraz, Malik make light work of Scotland


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The Junior League of Houston, Inc.
Adelaide Lovett Baker Award Recipients
Sara Houstoun Lindsey Award Recipients
Press Room 2019 – 2020
Association of Junior Leagues International
Current Agencies Budget & Volunteer Requests
Culture and Enrichment
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Partner with the Junior League of Houston
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Tea Room Patron Members
Display Stations
Houston's Forgotten Heritage
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Planned Giving: Heritage Circle
Junior League Houston heroes help local kids get back to school
What: Childspree, an annual event benefiting Child Advocates, Inc.
Where: Target Central
The scoop: Just in time for the back-to-school season, the more than 100 Junior League Houston volunteers assisted more than 100 children with much-needed school shopping.
Volunteers from the League served as personal shoppers to help the children — many of whom are in foster care — select back-to-school clothing and accompanied them and their guardians to an in-store breakfast party.
Children also received backpacks filled to the brim with school supplies and other necessities to help them transition seamlessly into the new school year and set them up for success.
This was the first time that many of the children had ever shopped for new school clothes, and the excitement was palpable as the kids selected pieces that will give them a sense of confidence, belonging, and pride on their first day of school.
For more than 30 years, League members have worked with Child Advocates, Inc., in a multitude of capacities, including volunteering for special projects and events, and creating Life Books. The goal for the joint program is for "every child in foster care to have a scrapbook of their life, not only to be used as a therapeutic tool but often as the only mementos these children have of their biological families," according to the Junior League.
Who: Big-hearted Junior League volunteers and a host of energetic school kids.
Source: August 27, 2019, Culture Map Houston, Steven Devadanam
Getting Results in the Community
This year, the League will contribute approximately $2 million in volunteer time and direct financial support to the Houston community. The League provides trained volunteers and funding to 35 community projects. In addition, the League's community outreach efforts include Community Assistance Grants, Emergency and Resource Contingency Grants, Community Collaborations and Outside Board Representatives. Further, the League's extensive training and education program cultivates a lifetime of civic service, preparing members to serve as agents of change in the Houston community well beyond their active membership years.
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Copyright © 2014, 2020 The Junior League of Houston, Inc.


Day Hiking The Seven Rila Lakes From Sofia. One-day Walking Holidays In Rila Mountains, Bulgaria.
Spend the day in the Rila, walking around its pearls: The Seven Rila Lakes. During the last few years this destination has become one of the most popular places for one-day hiking tours in the Rila Mountains. The reasons are several: impressive nature beauty, easy access by chairlift, variety of paths and hiking routes in the area. If you wish to make your walk harder or easier your guide will be able to adjust the group programme accordingly.
A guided tour is offered at a special price of 39 euro per person every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday!
* Please note that we offer SELF-GUIDED WALKING OPTIONS, which include your transfer to the beginning of the hiking trail and transfer back to Sofia from the end of the route, detailed route notes in English and map. This way you can safely walk on your own without guide and explore the mountains at a pace that suits you best. Please check the Specifics box on your right hand side for price details.
Below you can book online GUIDED and SELF-GUIDED (moderate or difficult) options for daily hiking tours to THE SEVEN RILA LAKES.


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Kyle Lee Visser (born October 19, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player.

He played for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons from 2003–04 to 2006–07, prior to graduating from Forest Hills Central High School in 2003. He was considered by ESPN to be the nation's most improved college basketball player after having scored 466 points during his senior season, which was more than his previous three seasons combined. Visser ranked seventh in the ACC in scoring at 17.3 ppg, and ranked second in the league in field goal shooting percentage (.593). He was the only player in the entire conference to rank in the top ten in scoring, rebounding, field goal percentage, and blocks.
On November 11, 2006, he set a school record for field goal percentage in a single game (1.000) by shooting a perfect 10-for-10 against James Madison University. Visser also ranks seventh in school history with 113 career blocks. In his senior season, he scored 20 points nine times to go along with six double-doubles.

Visser signed a nine-month contract with a German professional basketball team, the New Yorker Phantoms in October 2007.

On July 25, 2013, he returned to Phantoms Braunschweig signing two year–deal.

On October 1, 2015, Visser officially retired from professional basketball and decided to continue working as a Real Estate agent. He is also continuing to work with kids on their basketball games during his camps and by organizing workouts.

References

External links
 Wake Forest Demon Deacons bio

1985 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Serbia
American men's basketball players
Basketball Löwen Braunschweig players
Basketball players from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Centers (basketball)
KK Radnički Kragujevac (2009–2014) players
Riesen Ludwigsburg players
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball players


Evolve developer Turtle Rock Studios is teasing a interesting new trailer experience coming next week.
On Thursday, April 24, it appears that the studio will be giving anxious fans a better look at Evolve's unique "4v1" gameplay, where four hunter classes take on one monster in a fight for survival. Judging by the teaser, it looks as if viewers will be able to experience the incoming trailer from multiple view points – one from each hunter and the monster.
Thus far, we've met the Goliath, along with the four Hunters; Markov the Assault, Val the Medic, Griffin the Trapper, and Hank the Support.
Keep your sights on MP1st for more on Evolve.


Mr Formal Tuxedos is a Chandler, AZ based wedding tuxedos and formal wear shop. We service weddings throughout the neighborhood of Chandler, Arizona and nearby cities.Mr Formal Tuxedos of all designer style tuxedos and formal wears for many years. We specialize in ordering a special custom fit dresses for wedding couples that we make simple in short time.


Every call is unique – don't become desensitized! In most service situations, it's very common to handle repetitive calls. The same issues over and over. We need to remember that to the customer, this is the first interaction they've had with your company today. Always remember that every call is unique. And needs to be treated that way.


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Americans are spenders, not savers
John Grimaldi | 3/28/2014, 6 a.m.
Retirement is an "elusive dream" for too many Americans, according to senior citizens advocate Dan Weber. "The younger they are the more likely they will be to put off planning for retirement until it's too late. They are what some call the 'invincible' generation."
But Weber, president of the Association of Mature American Citizens (AMAC), noted that saving for retirement is not a priority even for older folks. "The average 50 year old has less than $50,000 in savings, hardly enough for a retirement that can last as much as 18 years or more."
A new survey out this week revealed that more than a third of Americans have less than $1,000 put away for a rainy day. "It's a startling revelation, but Americans, even in good times, have been historically lax in saving for the future, at least for three decades. Thirty-odd years ago we were saving at rates of 10, 11 and 12 percent of our incomes. Today we're setting aside a little more than four percent, on average, for emergencies and retirement," Weber added. "It's not enough but it's also not surprising with job creation at unacceptably low levels and unemployment and underemployment rates that have remained consistently high ever since President Obama took office."
Weber said he believes that there are other reasons people aren't saving enough money in the U.S. They range from personal spending choices to a lack of government incentives for low and middle class workers.
For example, he said, a recent report by the Consumer Federation of America notes that only one-third of the U.S. population lives within its means and feels comfortable about the future, one-third are just able to live within their means and another third are struggling. Meanwhile, an analysis by the Pew Charitable Trusts showed "low income Americans receive less than one percent of so-called federal tax benefits compared with high income earners who receive as much as 70 percent of tax code benefits."
"The French and the Irish save as much as 16 percent and 19 percent of their incomes, on average, compared to Americans who save less than 4.5 percent of their earnings. It's one area where the U.S. falls dangerously short of the mark as a trend-setter."
For more information about AMAC, visit their website: http://www.amac.us.
America's Crisis: 38 Million have no Retirement Assets
Saving as a single parent
How much do I really need to save for retirement?
Wells Fargo Retirement Study Points To Need For Better Preparation
Three Steps To Help You Prepare When Retirement Is Just Around The Corner


Final-exam challenge pits students' robotic vehicles against one another in futuristic run-and-gun competition.
(From left) Mechanical engineering students Ebele Anekwe, Sarah Mattar, Brooks Atley, Ryan Musteca and Shealynn Carpenter strike a pose after putting their vehicle to the test in the robotic biathlon.
(Edmonton) Second-year engineering students put their creativity and design skills on display as part of a final exam that pitted their robotic vehicles against one another in a futuristic version of biathlon.
Split into teams at the beginning of the winter term, each group was given the same package of materials and instructed to design and create a small remote-control vehicle that could manoeuvre around a track and fire five Ping-Pong balls at five targets in a space of two minutes.
Although the team hit rough patches, they found ways to solve design problems. But they admit the assignment was challenging and the task the machine was supposed to complete was complex: the vehicle needs to move into position quickly, fire at a target then reposition itself to fire on subsequent targets.
"We'd all show up at the mechanical engineering shop at 8 a.m. and work on it. One day it would be firing but not hitting the targets; the next day it would be firing but it didn't have enough power," said Mattar.
"It was the best course and the worst course you've ever taken, all at the same time," joked team member Ebele Anekwe.
"There was a solid week where we spent about six hours a day in the shop working on this," said Ryan Musteca.
Teammate Brooks Atley says the course added a time management challenge to the entire term—so it helped the students develop better time management skills as well.
All of the students agreed that they're good in math and science, but building something they'd designed, at this level, was a new experience. The vehicles, they said, are physical representations of the math and science work the teams performed.
Students in the course have the support and supervision of the technicians in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, who work to support teaching and research. As well as getting expert supervision, the students have access to state-of-the-art equipment, including 3-D printers.
Students are graded on how well their vehicle performs and on a report of the engineering design behind the vehicle.


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Gender Quotas Database
Home / Data Tools / Data / Gender Quotas Database / Country View / 57 / 35
EXPLORE QUOTA DATA
Select Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bangladesh Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chile China Colombia Congo, Democratic Republic of Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Djibouti Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger North Macedonia, Republic of Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) Romania Rwanda Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Sweden Switzerland Tanzania, United Republic of Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Zimbabwe
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) has a Bicameral parliament with legislated quotas for the single/lower house and at the sub-national level. 8 of 42 (19%) seats in the Predstavnicki dom / House of Representatives are held by women.
Structure of Parliament: Bicameral
Are there legislated quotas...
For the Single/Lower House? Yes
For the Upper House? No
For the Sub-National Level? Yes
Are there voluntary quotas...
Adopted by political parties? No
Is there additional information?...
Single/Lower House
Predstavnicki dom / House of Representatives
Total seats 42
Total Women 8
Electoral System List PR
Quota Type Legislated Candidate Quotas
Election details IDEA Voter Turnout - IPU Parline
Legal source
Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas Constitution
Electoral law
Article 4.19.(3) of the Electoral Code establishes that: "Every candidates list shall include candidates of male and female gender, who are equally represented. The equal representation of the genders shall exist in case when one of the genders is represented with minimum of 40% of the total number of candidates on the list. The minority gender candidates shall be distributed on the candidates list in the following manner: at least one minority gender candidate amongst the first two candidates, two minority gender candidates amongst the first five candidates, and three minority gender candidates amongst the first eight candidates, et seq"
Legal sanctions for non-compliance Electoral law
Article 4.21 of the Electoral Code establishes that: "The Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Hercegovina shall notify the political party, coalition or list of independent candidates of any rejected individual candidates. A political party, coalition, or list of independent candidates shall have five days after the date of receipt of such notification to correct a candidates list by replacing candidates or providing further documentation if requested by the Central Election Commission of BiH"
Rank order/placement rules Electoral law
Article 4.19.(3) of the Electoral Code establishes that: "The minority gender candidates shall be distributed on the candidates list in the following manner: at least one minority gender candidate amongst the first two candidates, two minority gender candidates amongst the first five candidates, and three minority gender candidates amongst the first eight candidates, et seq"
Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates? Yes
10% of the public funding budget is distributed to parliamentary groups proportional to the number of seats belonging to less represented gender
See more in International IDEA's Political Finance database
Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? No
Sources | Additional information | Contact us
Quota at the Sub-National Level
Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas
Article 4.19.(3) of the Electoral Code establishes that: "The minority gender candidates shall be distributed on the candidates list in the following manner: at least one minority gender candidate amongst the first two candidates, two minority gender candidates amongst the first five candidates, and three minority gender candidates amongst the first eight candidates, et seq"'
In 1998, the Provisional Election Commission adopted a minimum 30% quota for women on every party list. In the 1998 elections this resulted in a dramatic increase in women's representation at all legislative levels. In 2000, this rule was codified into the Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina and applied to all party lists in the 2000 national and municipal elections. However, the electoral law was reformed at the same time to provide an open-list proportional electoral system, which subsequently reduced the impact of legislated candidate quotas (International IDEA 2004: 39). In the 2014 election, "in line with recent amendments to the election law, 42% of candidates were women" (OSCE/ ODIHR Election Observation Mission 2014: 12 ). However, women obtained only 21.4% of the seats, according to IPU (www.ipu.org) up from 17% in the 2010 elections. In the 2018 general elections, women candidate registration was considerable, but the percentage of women being elected into the Bosnia and Herzegovina House of Representatives (BiH HoR) remained at 21.4 %, and the share of women elected into the BiH HoR on state level decreased from 23% in the 2014 elections to only 16% (two women) in the 2018 elections (OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation MIssion 2018: 2, 14).
LEGAL SOURCES:
Electoral Code of Bosnia & Herzegovina (English version) (rev. 2017)
Boric, B, 'Application of Quotas: Legal Reforms and Implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina', in J. Ballington and F. Binda (eds), The Implementation of Quotas: European Experiences, Quotas Report Series no. 4 (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2005);
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Bosnia and Herzegovina General Elections 12 October 2014
Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Bosnia and Herzegovina General Elections 7 October 2018
Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU Parline Bosnia and Herzegovina
See the latest updates on Bosnia and Herzegovina on iKNOW Politics
Westminster Foundation for Democracy [WFD]. Women and young people – a catalyst for change in Bosnia and Herzegovina December 2021.
Council of Europe. 2019. Violence against women in politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. 2019. Baseline study on barriers to political participation of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, http://www.oscebih.org/oscebih_eng.asp
Antic, M.G and Lokar, S. 2006. 'The Balkans: from total rejection to gradual acceptance of gender quotas', in Dahlerup, D. (ed.) Women, Quotas and Politics, London/New York: Routledge, pp. 138-167.
Bulgarian Gender Research Foundation. 2002. 'A Compilation of NGO Reports from Balkan Countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina.' Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). 2002. pp.54-85.
International Helsinki Federation (IHF) on Human Rights. 2002.
Stability Pact Gender Task Force (SPGTF). 2002. Building National Gender Equality Mechanisms in South East Europe – Women's Use of the State.
Woodward, A. 2001. 'Women Are Doing It – Building a Gender Balanced Democracy using Sticks, Carrots and Kisses'. Stability Pact Gender Task Force Regional Meeting, Slovenia (SPGTF).
International Helsinki Federation (IHF) Report: Women 2000.
Association of Election Officials in BiH, http://www.aeobih.com/bos
Bosnian Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, www.mvp.gov.ba
Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliament website, http://www.parlament.ba/
Europe | Global
Know about useful additional reading for Bosnia and Herzegovina? Tell us!
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the equal participation and representation of women and men?
Please send them to us so that we can keep the information on this site up to date.


text:
Life, death and justice betrayed on Devil's Island: Writer hopes new Papillon movie will spark posthumous pardon for prisoner
By Stevie Gallacher
December 10, 2018, 6:06 am Updated: December 19, 2018, 11:04 am
Charlie Hunnam and Rami Malek in Papillon
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IT is one of the world's most notorious prisons where three out of every four inmates did not survive.
Now, Devil's Island is to be portrayed on the big screen once more from Christmas Eve in a new adaptation of true story Papillon.
And author Michael Maloney hopes the movie will help his campaign to clear the name of a prisoner he believes was wrongly sent to the notorious jail in the South Pacific.
Michael co-wrote The Guillotine Choice in 2014 with Bashir Mohand Saoudi, whose father was jailed for the murder of a French businessman in 1927.
It was a crime the late Kaci Saoudi didn't commit, according to the men.
"This film gives Kaci's remarkable story and his appeal for justice fresh impetus," said Michael.
"His son is very keen to capitalise on this new movie and finally get justice for his father. We're desperate for a response from French authorities, but how successful that will be remains to be seen.
"It's easy to ignore this in France because this story has only really been published in the UK.
"We've approached French publishers but they've been incredibly reluctant to take Kaci's story on."
Kaci grew up in Algeria under French colonial rule.
Aged 20, he was linked to the murder of a prominent French businessman but Kaci knew the identity of the real culprit.
"Kaci was present when the Frenchman was murdered," said Michael. "His job was to escort the businessman from a base camp to a hydro-electric dam.
"The Frenchman was held up and shot, and the culprits ran away. Kaci and the authorities knew who did it – his cousins.
"The authorities knew it wasn't Kaci – otherwise they would have charged him with murder.
"He was given a choice – to be charged with being complicit to murder, or to send his cousins to the guillotine.
"That's why the book is called The Guillotine Choice."
The Berber culture in Algeria placed huge value on family loyalty – and despite his own father begging him to implicate his cousins, Kaci refused to cooperate.
He was sentenced to life on Devil's Island.
Kaci spent the first three years of his sentence carrying out back-breaking work in the teeming jungle of French Guiana.
France hoped the island would be a similar success for them as Australia had been for Great Britain – a difficult environment made habitable on the back of cheap convict labour.
Much of the work involved clearing dense jungle terrain metre by pain-staking metre.
"The convicts were given blunt machetes and a target – to clear a certain area of jungle," added Michael.
"If they didn't meet their target they were punished by being made to sleep in an open cage, which meant being feasted on by the jungle creatures.
"As well as insects that included animals like vampire bats. Tropical diseases were rife.
"Kaci contracted yellow fever, which was the condition which killed most men at Devil's Island.
"They actually thought he was dead, so put him in a bodybag.
"The prisoners didn't get the dignity of a burial, what they used to do was throw the bodybags into the bay for the sharks to eat.
"They were about to do this to Kaci when one of the men realised he was still alive."
While recovering, wardens realised Kaci was unlike most other prisoners – he had an education.
He was given an easier office job – and was released after the island was closed in 1953.
Upon his return to Algeria, Kaci was elected to public office and died in 1990, aged 83.
His son Bashir, a computer scientist, moved to the UK aged 17, and contacted author Michael after deciding his father needed to be pardoned.
"I'm fascinated to see how they've done this new version of Papillon, I loved the story when I grew up.
"I read it when I was a teenager and loved the book.
"When I met Bashir and he explained how his dad had been in the same prison I couldn't believe it. I had to do the book.
"When I heard about the injustice of it, it's just a story that has to be told."
Former Devil's Island prisoner Henri Charriere wrote the bestseller Papillon in 1969, and four years later it was turned into a movie starring Steve McQueen and Dustin Hoffman.
The film, starring Charlie Hunnam and Bohemian Rhapsody star Rami Malek, is in cinemas from December 21.
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text:
Ocotea oppositifolia är en lagerväxtart som beskrevs av S. Yasuda. Ocotea oppositifolia ingår i släktet Ocotea och familjen lagerväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Lagerväxter
oppositifolia


text:
Faith:

 Faith — альбом The Cure.
 Faith — альбом Джорджа Майкла.
 Faith — альбом Фейт Эванс.
  — альбом Фейт Хилл.
 «Faith» — сингл Джорджа Майкла.
 «Faith» — песня Стиви Уандера.

См. также
 Фейт


OMG: Looks Like 'OITNB' Will Only Serve A 7 Year Sentence...Announces Next Season As It's Last - POP GOES THE WEEK!!
This may be the only time someone has actually wished they could stay in jail longer but I am not ready to see my Litchfield Ladies go. The hit Netflix series, Orange Is The New Black, has announced that it's upcoming season will be it's last.
Way back in 2013, Netflix was just a little streaming service that many of us were still unsure of. Then shows like OITNB premiered exclusive on the streaming service and the game had forever been changed. The 1 hour "dramedy" followed Piper Chapman as she began her 18 month sentence in a minimum-security women's federal prison. The series has continued to evolve and has introduced one of the most memorable ensembles to ever grace out television….laptop….smartphone screens.
Despite the continued success, it was announced that the upcoming season will be it's last, which makes sense considering…SPOILER ALERT…Piper was released from jail at the end of the last season. The show took to social media to share the emotional announcement.
No news as to when to expect the final season but it will definitely be in 2019. Lock me up and throw away the key! I am not ready for this series to end!
BUZZ: Stay Cool This Summer With July's Pop Culture Breakdown!


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Films for 7/5: Turn the Key Softly (#BNoirDetour) & Young and Innocent (#HitchGoesHollywood)
If the 4th of July has given you an adequate dose of American culture, join #BNoirDetour and #HitchGoesHollywood this Sunday for a double dose of British film.
#BNoirDetour: TURN THE KEY SOFTLY
Turn the Key Softly (1953) tells the tale of three women being released from prison on the same day. All wish to make a change, to live a better life on the right side of the law. We meet lovely Monica Marsden (Yvonne Mitchell), determined not to end up back with her criminal boyfriend David (Terence Morgan); lonely Granny Quilliam (Kathleen Harrison), who's been arrested fifteen times for shoplifting and wants nothing more than to live out a peaceful life with her beloved Johnny; and Stella Jarvis (Joan Collins), a bad girl who wants to be good, with a wedding ring to prove it.
Our heroines, freshly sprung
The film follows the trio over the course of a single day in London. Will they be tempted to return to what put them in prison in the first place, or can each make a new start?
Will Monica go back to thief David?
Will Granny go back to stealing?
Will Stella go back her former way of life?
There is a dark realism to the film that kept me gripped. While not a typical noir, more (melo)drama in many ways, the film is referenced in several critical studies of British film noir, including its use of an homme fatale, its prison context, its urban setting, and the dark night streets and back alleys where the film reaches its climax.
For those looking for noir drama without the usual gangsters or murder, Turn the Key Slowly offers a compelling and moving change of pace. The acting is excellent, and young Joan Collins is a dazzler.
Join #BNoirDetour Sunday, 7/5 @ 9pm ET:
#HitchGoesHollywood: YOUNG AND INNOCENT
After last month's film (The Man Who Knew Too Much), Hitchcock released The 39 Steps, Secret Agent, and Sabotage. Nearly four years after The Man Who Knew Too Much, the kidnapped child star of that film, Nova Pilbeam, was ready to take the spotlight as the leading lady in a Hitchcock picture.
"A film actress is murdered by her estranged husband who is jealous of all her young boyfriends. The next day, writer Robert Tisdall (who happens to be one such boyfriend) discovers her body on the beach. He runs to call the police, however, two witnesses think that he is the escaping murderer. Robert is arrested, but owing to a mix up at the courthouse, he escapes and goes on the run with a police constable's daughter Erica, determined to prove his innocence."– IMDB
Hitchcock explores the wrongly accused man out to prove his innocence, a plot he rehashes throughout his career. Other familiar Hitchcock motifs in this film include: the use of birds to signal evil and the MacGuffin in the form of the missing belt from Tisdall's coat.
The highlight of Hitch's directing chops comes near the end of the film when the killer's identity is revealed. The camera goes from the highest point of a crowded ballroom and tracks through the dance floor, finally ending with an image of a twitching eye. The whole sequence is accomplished using a single shot. This filmmaking technique eventually realizes fruition when Hitchcock filmed Rope.
Hitch's leading lady for this production is Nova Pilbeam, playing the part of Erica Burgoyne.
Young and Innocent marks the first film Nova made as a full-fledged adult- she had just turned eighteen. Feeling protective, Hitchcock's wife admonished him to not be his typical harsh self with the young actress. By all accounts, Hitch complied with Alma's instructions and treated young Nova with the utmost gentleness. The rest of the cast and crew paid the price as, since he couldn't berate the young star, Hitch compensated by releasing his venom on them.
Keep your eyes peeled for the Hitchcock cameo around the 14 minute mark. This time he plays the part of a photographer at the courthouse.
Young and Innocent was chosen to be part of the #HitchGoesHollywood film series because it marked the last collaboration with screenwriter Charles Bennett. Bennett had written the play that was adapted as Blackmail. He had been a valued part of Hitchcock's inner circle ever since, providing screenplays for all of Hitch's "classics."
Bennett moved to Hollywood to work for Universal. He sent letters back to Hitchcock full of tales of obscene amounts of money and no limitations in Hollywood. Bennett's correspondence planted a seed in Hitch's head.
After work finished and Young and Innocent was released, Hitch took his family on a vacation- to the United States. Just to see what all the fuss was about.
Come celebrate the Independence Day weekend with me by enjoying a British film directed by the most celebrated British filmmaker.
I'll be waiting for you to finish your fireworks.
#HitchGoesHollywood 5/7 @ 11pm ET:
Warning/Disclaimer: Just a heads up: this film DOES contain a short sequence with actors in "blackface."
BNoirDetour, HitchGoesHollywood
One thought on "Films for 7/5: Turn the Key Softly (#BNoirDetour) & Young and Innocent (#HitchGoesHollywood)"
2nd Annual British Invaders Blogathon: It Always Rains on Sunday | bnoirdetour


text:
package org.apache.causeway.testdomain.model.good;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.causeway.applib.annotation.Collection;
import org.apache.causeway.applib.annotation.CollectionLayout;
import org.apache.causeway.applib.annotation.MemberSupport;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;

/**
 * For (test) mixin descriptions see {@link ProperMemberSupport}.
 */
@Collection
@CollectionLayout(named = "foo", describedAs = "bar") // <-- overruled by imperative naming
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class ProperMemberSupport_collection3 {

    private final ProperMemberSupport holder;

    @MemberSupport public List<String> coll() {
        return Collections.singletonList(holder.toString());
    }

    // -- IMPERATIVE NAMING AND DESCRIBING

    @MemberSupport public String namedColl() {
        return "named-imperative[collection3]";
    }

    @MemberSupport public String describedColl() {
        return "described-imperative[collection3]";
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After High School Calin enlisted in the Army where he served for 4 years as a generator mechanic. At the end of his enlistment he went to work for his father's custom interior shop. After 7 years of being a trimmer an editorial opportunity presented itself. Having been a fan of magazines since childhood he jumped at the chance to be involved. That involvement turned into a full time job. Now 13 years later he is the technical editor for Super Chevy Magazine.


text:
Q: C/C++: How do I compare execution times of two functions (or methods etc.)? I have two different C/C++ functions that do something.  I think one may be a lot faster and I want to find out how much faster.  So I do it in a loop a jillion times and time the loop.
Further, I think it might be so fast that the raw time just doing a loop to test it a jillion times could be taking, so I want to subtract out the cost of doing an empty loop.
And yet, code such as the following quite often reports the empty loop taking more time than a loop with a function, despite doing the loop 100 million times.  I've taken to doing the empty loop twice but still it's sometimes slower.
Example code comparing two functions with two empty loops:
  tp1 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

  for ( i = 0; i < iRepeats; i++ )
      ;

  tp2 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

  for ( i = 0; i < iRepeats; i++ )
       iLen = Function1();

  tp3 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

  for ( i = 0; i < iRepeats; i++ )
       iLen = Function2();

  tp4 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

  for ( i = 0; i < iRepeats; i++ )
      ;

  tp5 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

  double dDurEmpty1 = chrono::duration<double>( tp2 - tp1 ).count();
  double dDurEmpty2 = chrono::duration<double>( tp5 - tp4 ).count();
  double dDurEmpty  = AKMin( dDurEmpty1, dDurEmpty2 );
  double dDurA = chrono::duration<double>( tp3 - tp2 ).count();
  double dDurB = chrono::duration<double>( tp4 - tp3 ).count();

  printf( "Length:          %7.4fx faster\n",
            ( dDurA - dDurEmpty ) / ( dDurB - dDurEmpty )   );

I'm not wedded to this general approach at all if there's any suggestion of different ways to do it.


At Norbury CE Primary School we provide a safe, caring and friendly environment for all our pupils to allow them to learn effectively, improve their life chances and help them maximise their potential. Every child has the right to be safe in the school environment.
We expect pupils to feel safe in school, including an understanding of the issues relating to safety, such as bullying. We also want them to feel confident to seek support from school by talking to teachers, support staff and even their peers should they feel unsafe.
Pupils contribute to the development of the policy through pupil voice questionnaires, the School Council, circle time discussions, discussions in class and communication with staff. The School Council have developed a pupil friendly 'anti-bullying' policy to be displayed in all classrooms and prominent areas in school.
The Policy aims to produce a consistent school response to any bullying incidents that may occur. All people connected with the school are aware of our zero tolerance to bullying. Norbury School is proud that our children feel they can talk to the staff and that the staff will look after them and listen to them.
The Head Teacher – Has overall responsibility for the policy and its implementation. This also involves liaising with the governing body, parents/carers, LA and outside agencies.
Establishing and promoting a climate of mutual support, trust, respect and celebration or success, therefore making bullying less likely.
The Governing Body – Supports the Headteacher in all attempts to eliminate bullying from our school. Any parent or carer who is dissatisfied with the way the school has dealt with a bullying incident can ask the Chair of Governors to look into the matter. The Governing Body will respond within 10 days to any request from parents to investigate incidents of bullying. In all cases, the Chair will notify the Headteacher and work together to conduct a further investigation. Advice from the LA may be sought.
Parents – Parents who are concerned if their child is being bullied or is a bully should speak to the class and/or Headteacher in the first instance. The course of action will then be discussed and agreed.
Pupils – Pupils are encouraged to tell someone they trust, for example, an adult or a peer. Assemblies regularly refer to issues surrounding appropriate behaviour eg; school values, sharing worries and being kind. These are delivered in an age appropriate and memorable way, for example through picture books such as 'The Big Bag of Worries'. In addition, pupils are invited to express their views via the annual pupil questionnaire. Pupils have a responsibility to follow the 'Recipe for a Good Friend' as drawn up by the children to support anti-bullying.
Monitoring and Review – The policy in operation is monitored by staff and the Headteacher on a daily basis. Incidents of bullying are logged and monitored frequently by the Headteacher. The effectiveness of the policy is monitored via the bi-annual safeguarding review. Information is reported to Governors in strictest confidence.
'Behaviour by an individual or group usually repeated over time, that intentionally hurts another individual or group either physically or emotionally'.
Safe to Learn: embedding anti bullying work in schools (2007).
Occasionally an incident may be deemed to be bullying even if the behaviour has not been repeated or persistent – if it fulfils all other descriptions of bullying. This possibility should be considered, particularly in cases of sexual, sexist, racist or homophobic bullying and when children with disabilities are involved. If the victim might be in danger then intervention is urgently required.
Physical Abuse – may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning/scalding, drowning, suffocating, or otherwise causing physical harm to a child.
Emotional Abuse – is the persistent emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the child's emotional development. It may involve conveying to children that they are worthless or unloved, inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another person. It may include not giving the child opportunities to express their views, deliberately silencing them or 'making fun' of what they say or how they communicate. It may involve seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another. It may involve serious bullying (including cyber bullying), causing children frequently to feel frightened or in danger.
Sexual Abuse involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities, not necessarily involving a high level of violence, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. Other children can perpetrate sexual abuse, this is known as 'peer on peer abuse'.
sexual, transgender or questioning their gender role.
A plan of action to track and follow the incident will be drawn up. This may involve the support of external agencies.
All reported incidents will be taken seriously and investigated involving all parties.
Once a concern of bullying has been logged with the class or Heateacher, information will need to be collated from a variety of sources. This may involve interviewing and discussing events or actions with pupils, staff or others. All interviews will be handled confidentially and sensitively.
Referral will be made to the School Behaviour Policy, outlining the appropriate level of sanction to be employed. A firm approach to bullying will be adopted within school.
Liaison with the bully, bullied and their parents will be in place, including appropriate follow up.
Bullying incidents will be recorded by the member of staff who deals with the incident and this will be notified to and held by the Anti-bullying coordinator.
The information we hold will be used to ensure individual incidents are followed up. It will also be used to identify trends and inform preventative work in school and development of the policy.
This information will be presented to the governors in an anonymous format as part of the annual report.
The policy will be reviewed and updated annually. The policy review will be linked to the School Improvement Plan, working towards a more inclusive and harmonious ethos across the school community.
Norbury CE Primary School has developed the following strategies to promote positive behaviour and discourage bullying behaviour.
Positive behaviour management and reinforcement of importance of positive and empathetic social behaviour eg through classroom systems, gold book assembly.
A climate where every pupil is expected to be the best that they can be and a growth mindset is promoted.
Involvement and teaching of SEAL including Anti-bullying Unit.
Anti-Bullying/Friendship week annually in November.
Staff training and development for all staff. This should be anticipatory and related to pupil need.
Safeguarding our children is of paramount importance and underpins all of the work at our school. Staff are contemplative and vigilant in noticing changes in children's behavior which may include negative behavior towards others. This policy should be read in conjunction with the school Child Protection and Safeguarding Policy.