text:
package jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.granttype.impl;

import static org.easymock.EasyMock.createMock;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.expect;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.data.DataHandler;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.exceptions.OAuthError;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.fetcher.clientcredential.ClientCredentialFetcherImpl;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.granttype.GrantHandler.GrantHandlerResult;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.granttype.impl.AuthorizationCode;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.models.AccessToken;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.models.AuthInfo;
import jp.eisbahn.oauth2.server.models.Request;

public class AuthorizationCodeTest {

	private AuthorizationCode target;

	@Before
	public void setUp() {
		target = new AuthorizationCode();
		target.setClientCredentialFetcher(new ClientCredentialFetcherImpl());
	}

	@After
	public void tearDown() {
		target = null;
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestCodeNotFound() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn(null);
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		try {
			target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
			fail("Error.InvalidRequest not occurred.");
		} catch (OAuthError.InvalidRequest e) {
			assertEquals("'code' not found", e.getDescription());
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestRedirectUriNotFound() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn(null);
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		try {
			target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
			fail("Error.InvalidRequest not occurred.");
		} catch (OAuthError.InvalidRequest e) {
			assertEquals("'redirect_uri' not found", e.getDescription());
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestAuthInfoNotFound() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn("redirectUri1");
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		expect(dataHandler.getAuthInfoByCode("code1")).andReturn(null);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		try {
			target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
			fail("Error.InvalidGrant not occurred.");
		} catch (OAuthError.InvalidGrant e) {
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestClientIdMismatch() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn("redirectUri1");
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		AuthInfo authInfo = new AuthInfo();
		authInfo.setClientId("clientId2");
		expect(dataHandler.getAuthInfoByCode("code1")).andReturn(authInfo);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		try {
			target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
			fail("Error.InvalidClient not occurred.");
		} catch (OAuthError.InvalidClient e) {
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestRedirectUriNotSet() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn("redirectUri1");
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		AuthInfo authInfo = new AuthInfo();
		authInfo.setClientId("clientId1");
		authInfo.setRedirectUri("");
		expect(dataHandler.getAuthInfoByCode("code1")).andReturn(authInfo);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		try {
			target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
			fail("Error.RedirectUriMismatch not occurred.");
		} catch (OAuthError.RedirectUriMismatch e) {
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestRedirectUriMismatch() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn("redirectUri1");
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		AuthInfo authInfo = new AuthInfo();
		authInfo.setClientId("clientId1");
		authInfo.setRedirectUri("redirectUri2");
		expect(dataHandler.getAuthInfoByCode("code1")).andReturn(authInfo);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		try {
			target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
			fail("Error.RedirectUriMismatch not occurred.");
		} catch (OAuthError.RedirectUriMismatch e) {
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestSimple() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn("redirectUri1");
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		AuthInfo authInfo = new AuthInfo();
		authInfo.setClientId("clientId1");
		authInfo.setRedirectUri("redirectUri1");
		expect(dataHandler.getAuthInfoByCode("code1")).andReturn(authInfo);
		AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();
		accessToken.setToken("accessToken1");
		expect(dataHandler.createOrUpdateAccessToken(authInfo)).andReturn(accessToken);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		GrantHandlerResult result = target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
		assertEquals("Bearer", result.getTokenType());
		assertEquals("accessToken1", result.getAccessToken());
		assertNull(result.getExpiresIn());
		assertNull(result.getRefreshToken());
		assertNull(result.getScope());
	}

	@Test
	public void testHandleRequestFull() throws Exception {
		Request request = createRequestMock();
		expect(request.getParameter("code")).andReturn("code1");
		expect(request.getParameter("redirect_uri")).andReturn("redirectUri1");
		DataHandler dataHandler = createDataHandlerMock(request);
		AuthInfo authInfo = new AuthInfo();
		authInfo.setClientId("clientId1");
		authInfo.setRedirectUri("redirectUri1");
		authInfo.setRefreshToken("refreshToken1");
		authInfo.setScope("scope1");
		expect(dataHandler.getAuthInfoByCode("code1")).andReturn(authInfo);
		AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();
		accessToken.setToken("accessToken1");
		accessToken.setExpiresIn(123L);
		expect(dataHandler.createOrUpdateAccessToken(authInfo)).andReturn(accessToken);
		replay(request, dataHandler);
		GrantHandlerResult result = target.handleRequest(dataHandler);
		assertEquals("Bearer", result.getTokenType());
		assertEquals("accessToken1", result.getAccessToken());
		assertEquals(123L, (long)result.getExpiresIn());
		assertEquals("refreshToken1", result.getRefreshToken());
		assertEquals("scope1", result.getScope());
	}

	private Request createRequestMock() {
		Request request = createMock(Request.class);
		expect(request.getHeader("Authorization")).andReturn(null);
		expect(request.getParameter("client_id")).andReturn("clientId1");
		expect(request.getParameter("client_secret")).andReturn("clientSecret1");
		return request;
	}

	private DataHandler createDataHandlerMock(Request request) {
		DataHandler dataHandler = createMock(DataHandler.class);
		expect(dataHandler.getRequest()).andReturn(request);
		return dataHandler;
	}

}


text:
Meet Julia Jacklin: The Singer Songwriter from Australia
We got invited to a showcase not too long ago, for an artist called Julia Jacklin. If we're being blatantly honest, we had never heard the name before, but were quite excited to treat our ears to some new sounds. And my goodness, was it a treat! How would we explain her sound? We'd classify it as indie-folk with a tiny sliver of grunge. Have a listen for yourself to this gorgeous single, "Pool Party."
October 7, 2016 marks the Australian singer-songwriter-guitar playing artist's debut album release. We couldn't be more excited for the whole world to discover her!
Press Play On: Don't Let The Kids Win
"I thought it was going to be a heartbreak record," says Julia of Don't Let The Kids Win. "But in hindsight I see it's about hitting 24 and thinking, 'What the fuck am I doing?' I was feeling very nostalgic for my youth. When I was growing up I was so ambitious: I'm going to be this amazing social worker, save the world, a great musician, fit, an amazing writer. Then you get to mid-20s and you realize you have to focus on one thing. Even if it doesn't pay-off, or you feel embarrassed at family occasions because you're the poor musician still, that's the decision I made." In person Julia is funny, wry, quick to crack a joke. It makes the blunt honesty and prickly insight laced through her songwriting disarming, a dissonance she delights in. "Especially coming from my family," says Julia. "They don't talk about feelings at all. I love writing songs about them and watching them listen and squirm. To me that's great. I enjoy it." We sat down with Julia, before her album launch & decided to go entirely off the traditional music script. We asked for 5 random facts about herself, and she 100% delivered 🙂 Watch & enjoy:
Country Julia Jacklin Pop

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
title: Josh Knowles
image: /assets/images/people/knowles.jpg
link: joshknowles.com
github: joshknowles
twitter: joshknowles
---

Josh is an accomplished developer, trainer and consultant with over 10 years of professional development experience. Last seen consulting throughout the country for both early stage startups, as well as large international organizations, he brings with him a strong background in Agile Development practices, a passion for Open Source development, as well as a heavy dose of sarcastic humor and an unlimited supply of West Coast charm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What is the best diet for healthy teeth and long life?
My three year-old refuses to brush her teeth. Any ideas for how to convince her?
My husband snores so loud our neighbors can hear him. I've heard dentists can help with that – can you?
I've heard that cavities are contagious? Is that true?
The hygienist recommended x-rays for my teenager, but I'm reluctant to allow that. Can't you see cavities visually?


text:
Resonance Launches to Grow the Platforms Covering Tomorrow's World-Changing Technologies
By Jack Boreham
• December 20, 2022
• News, Press Releases
December 20, 2022 - 3:59 pm
A team of entrepreneurs and scientists announced today that they have launched Resonance to help manage a growing portfolio of media and intelligence platforms that will serve as the tech intelligence engine of the future. The new umbrella organization will manage a growing portfolio of media and intelligence platforms that serve industries using powerful technologies to find solutions to science and society's most pressing challenges.
According to Alex Challans, Resonance's Chief Executive Officer, the team is committed to building the tech intelligence engine of the future to nurture technologies that could assist with everything from creating a cleaner, more sustainable planet to designing drug treatments that improve health and extend lifespan to exploring the universe around us.
"At Resonance we understand that the value of emerging technologies is built on advanced scientific knowledge that is championed by visionary leadership," said Challans. "But, communicating the complexity of these technologies and connecting that vision to industry and markets are key challenges in maximizing the potential of these solutions. Our team is committed to gathering careful intelligence on the markets they serve to help businesses, investors and governments make smart decisions as they shape the technologies that can make our world a better place."
The company's unique model uses multimedia to inform, promote and connect, while assembling intelligence and insights to better understand the landscape of these technological ecosystems, including their complex supply chains, funding sources and talent pools. The business raised a seed financing round earlier in the year to accelerate its growth.
The current platforms owned and managed by Resonance include The Quantum Insider, Metaverse Insider and Space Impulse. Space Impulse was acquired in November 2022 and has started to publish content as it continues to grow its data platform offering.
Resonance offers a full suite of media and data intelligence services for organizations growing in their respective industries. On the marketing side, Resonance leverages its owned media platforms and distribution channels to provide enterprise-level editorial and digital marketing services. Regarding data intelligence, Resonance employs a team of data scientists and its own media platform to collect and organize the latest global unstructured information into usable data and offer guidance for corporates and governments tracking the rapidly evolving ecosystems. The teams also support startups, governments and multinational corporations with market-leading consulting services.
In the future, the team will continue to deepen and expand services for emerging technology communities while exploring other growth verticals that need tools and platforms to guide and connect markets for these solutions.
About Resonance
Resonance is the tech intelligence of the future. It owns and operates three platforms: The Quantum Insider, Metaverse Insider and Space Impulse. It offers enterprise marketing, market intelligence and strategic consulting across these offerings. Find out more at www.resonance.holdings.


text:
Search apple.com/nz
Four Symphonies in Full Score
Complete unabridged scores of Schubert's 4 most popular symphonies, edited by Johannes Brahms. Includes No. 4 in C Minor ("Tragic"); No. 5 in B-flat Major; No. 8 in B Minor ("Unfinished"); and No. 9 in C Major ("Great"). Reprinted from the Breitkopf & Härtel edition. Study score.
INscribe Digital
More Books by Franz Schubert
38 Waltzes, Ländler and Ecossaises D.145 (Op.18) - For Solo Piano (1823)
Ellen's Gesang III, D. 839, Op. 52, No. 6
Ave Maria, D 839, Op. 52, No. 6
Die Forelle, op.32, D 550
Minuet in D Major by Franz Schubert for Solo Piano D.366
Lob der Tränen D.711 (Op.13 No.2) - For Violin and Piano (1817)
More ways to shop: Find a retailer near you. Or call 0800-692-7753.


text:
Q: Should I use subecribe or toPromise for just calling a service method? In the following search method, I just set the BehaviourSubject value in the service. So, I am not sure if I can perform this without using subscribe() or toPromise() after .pipe() block in the following method. But if not, which one should I use? And, assuming that there is no validation for the search input, should I get the response or subscribe to the result of setting this value?
search() {
    fromEvent(this.searchInput.nativeElement, 'keyup').pipe(

      // get value
      map((event: any) => {
        return event.target.value;
      }),
      debounceTime(1000),
      distinctUntilChanged()
    )

    // subscribe ?
    .subscribe(x => {
      this.searchService.setSubject(x);
    });

    // toPromise ?
    .toPromise().then(x => {
      this.searchService.setSubject(x);
    });
}

A: That depends on you.
Subscribing (using Observables) are preferred if you want to do more than just 1 action and they are cancelable.
Promises handle only a single event.
See: Difference of Observables and Promises
Personally, I use promises if its something that is simple such as fetching data and catching any errors then displaying the error messages.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Two years ago now, I set up a Facebook group called ENGLISH QUESTIONS ANSWERED. In a sense, it was a purely selfish move as I wanted to be able to shepherd into one place all the questions about language that I regularly got asked across a wide range of platforms. Looking around at the many Facebook groups offering up a steady diet of bizarre gap-fill exercises and unlikely sentences for you to transform into the passive, I had also come to feel that there was a gap in the market for a space where anyone at any level could ask questions about how English was used, whether something was correct or not, why things work the way they do in English, and so on. The group soon started to grow and, mercifully, attracted a small but dedicated hardcore of language nerds who are always keen to help out with questions, share expertise and learn from each other. This has taken some of the weight of expectation off my shoulders, though, perhaps predictably, I still enjoy chipping in whenever I can, and I've certainly learned a lot myself since the group's inception. Recognising the limits of one's language knowledge and language awareness is one of the enduring lessons the group teaches.
Last November, to mark the first anniversary of the site, I wrote a post outlining five things that had become apparent to me during the first year of the page's existence. Since then, we've added over 5000 more members, banned around 250 more (for everything from posting phishing scams to bizarre religious material, from assuming we were there to complete homework tasks to appalling rudeness to fellow members) and dealt with literally thousands of queries. Here, I'm going to try to unpick five more recurrent themes that have cropped up time and time again. Here goes . . . .
(1) A lot of ELT material really doesn't make life easy for students.
Many years ago, I taught a Mongolian student called Sayana. One day, during a tutorial, she confessed to me that she was finding the language hard. When I probed a bit more and asked what particular aspects of it were causing her most concern, she pulled a well-worn Mongolian-English grammar book out of her book and offered it by way of an answer. I thumbed through it and was struck by one sentence that my eyes fell upon – The child whose eyes are blue and whose hair is blonde is mine.
What most hit me was not just the sheer unlikeliness of the sentence as a general example of how English is used, but the utter ridiculousness of it appearing in a book for students whose children would almost certainly possess neither blonde hair nor blue eyes. When I asked Sayana if she'd ever say this sentence in her own first language, she looked at me as if I was crazy and said, "Of course no!". I then asked why she was worrying about things like this in her second language, at which point she suddenly looked incredibly deflated and said "Becuase grammar!"
Sadly, 'because grammar' seems to be one of the main reasons that students and teachers alike continue to find English way harder than it ought to be. If you're going to stress over a sentence in a language, it makes sense that it's a sentence that's actually been said – and that may well be said again, maybe even by you, at some point. However, questions such as "Which option is correct? The baby (who /which) was crying woke me up" and "Help me choose: The train (by which / on which) my friend travelled to England arrived too late" are still disturbingly common, and often come from folk who're having to deal with these questions in official coursebooks or in published grammar books.
My answers are generally things like "Neither. We'd just say I GOT WOKEN UP BY THE BABY CRYING and MY FRIEND'S TRAIN WAS LATE", which I realise aren't the responses required, but life is short – far too short to spend time worrying about clumsy, convoluted sentences that have been deliberately written to exemplify bits of grammar, yet which bear little if any resemblance to anything anyone will ever actually want to do with said grammar!
(2) Collocation doesn't work logically – and meanings of words don't always help.
In corpus linguistics, a collocation is defined as a series of words that co-occur (or co-locate) more often than would be expected by chance. There are verbs and adjectives that regularly go with nouns, adverbs that collocate with verbs, and so on. Knowing how words work with other words is an integral element of linguistic development, and as you get better in a language, you start to realise that words collocate differently in the second language to the way they do in L1, that different meanings of a word collocate differently, and that even very close synonyms which are often interchangeable sometimes form different collocations.
Part of the problem for the learner is that understanding the meaning of an item doesn't always help you when it comes to trying to use it in a broader context. So for example, if you hear the sentence We're working flat-out at the moment, you might be tempted to reach for the dictionary, which would tell you that flat-out means 'completely' and is 'used for emphasis'. Armed with this knowledge, you experiment. "Can I say I flat-out agree? What about The whole area has flat-out changed? Or He was standing flat-out still?" Um . . . no, no and no.
I was reminded of this recently when a question popped up asking about effect as a verb. Again, a quick glance at a reputable dictionary will help you glean the meaning, given in the Macmillan dictionary as 'to make something happen', but that gives you almost sense of the incredibly limited way in which the verb collocates. You can effect change, effect a complete transformation (which is basically effecting change on a grand scale), effect a beneficial outcome, effect a reconciliation . . . and not much else. In short, meaning alone is a poor guide to what words are used to do, and how words generally interact with each other.
(3) Many things are possible, very few are probable.
I think the first place that I encountered the idea of probable language trumping the merely possible was in Pawley and Syder's seminal 1983 article, Two puzzles for linguistic theory, nativelike selection and nativelike fluency, which you can read in its entirety here. The idea that there was no logical – or grammatical – reason that explained why we say, for instance, It's twenty to four rather than It's four less twenty or It exceeds three by forty was revelatory for me. These choices were simply made because some sentences are recognised and accepted by fluent users as ordinary idiomatic usages, and others aren't – or, at the very least, are much less likely to be. In everyday classroom terms, this falls into the "Well, it's not wrong to say it like that, but most people would say it like this" category of instruction.
Many of the questions that members bring to the group – and, by extension, I suspect many questions that students bring to classrooms – fall under the 'possible, but not probable' umbrella. "Which option is better? How long does a coffee plant produce cherries? Or For how long does a coffee plant produce cherries?" Neither. We'd normally say it as How long does a coffee plant produce cherries for? The preposition usually goes at the end. Why? Because the preposition usually goes at the end! "I know I can say It's very demanding if I'm talking about my job. Can I also say it's very responsible?" You can, but usually we'd put it before the noun, so we'd say It's a very responsible job or She's got a very responsible job.
(4) A lot of words don't get learned as others do their job for them
Whatever language/s we grow up speaking, we all end up with a passive vocabulary that's much larger than our active vocabulary. In other words, the number of words and chunks and phrases that we recognise when we hear and, more particularly, see them written down is far greater than the number we actively use in our own speech and writing. Academic estimates of the size of active and passive varies, and I've seen claims of everything from an active vocabulary of around 5000 and a passive of more like 20,000 right up to active vocabularies of around 20,000 and passive vocabularies twice that size. The basic point remains clear, though: we all know a hell of a lot of more words than we use.
This isn't an argument for forcing yourself to start using every single item in your passive vocabulary actively. Whilst it's obviously sensible to try to work out which of the new items you've encountered you may be able to weave in what you already have, there are nevertheless good reasons why much vocabulary doesn't make this transition into everyday use: much of it is specific to certain types of written genres such as journalism or literature or academic writing, or else it exists mostly in the realms of high-level business meetings, political negotiations, and so on.
In addition, there are countless words that will forever remain on the periphery of our vocabularies simply because other far more common words do essentially the same job as they do. I was reminded of this recently when one member wrote about a sentence she'd come across – The doctor places the swab up your nose – and asked if it'd be OK to use put here instead of place. Obviously, it'd be fine here, and so place is likely to remain unactivated. My own answer here was "Using place adds the idea of putting something somewhere in a careful and deliberate way. For example: Place all the ingredients in a mixing bowl, and gradually add water.// He placed the letter in front of me, etc." What I didn't say, though, was that unless you're going to be writing cookery books or short stories, you may well not really need to try and use it.
(5) Context is all
Perhaps the thing I ask most frequently in response to questions in the group is "What's the context?" Far too many queries are about stand-alone sentences that exist in a weird context-free zone. I suspect that this results from the study of isolated sentences illustrating particular grammar structures that's still depressingly prevalent around the globe.
We don't use language in decontextualised vacuums. Language is, by definition, something that is contextually dependent. So when someone asks a question like this – "A student of mine wrote I DID MY JOB / I DID WRITE THIS LETTER. Is this normal?" – it's hard to really know how to respond. I managed the following:
As always, it depends on context. We can use DO / DOES / DID in positive sentences in certain contexts. For example:
A: You performed very poorly and let us all down by not doing your job properly.
B: That's simply not true. I DID do my job!
If it's not in this kind of context – and I'm guessing it probably isn't – then it's just wrong and should be I DID MY JOB and I WROTE THIS LETTER. This is a common mistake native-speaker kids make, btw, as they're getting to grips with how we talk about the past.
It seems to me that a context-free approach to looking at grammar makes life far harder than it ought to be. What, for instance, are teacher and students supposed to do with sentences like this, which are presented to them in a terrifying void? They (meet) when they (live) in Italy. Without any clearer sense of who is talking to who, when, why, and about what, it's impossible to know whether the expected answer is They met when they lived in Italy, They'd met when they were living in Italy, They're bound to meet when they're living in Italy, or any number of other possible permutations. And we wonder why students struggle to get to grips with grammar!
Want to learn more with Lexical Lab?
Take one of our summer school courses.
Juliana Alves Mota says:
Another fantastic and full of food for thought article, Hugh.
This page is amazing and has been helping me every single day even when I don't post anything.
Thank you for putting it up and Thank you everyone for their contributions
Shaun Dowling says:
I just want to give some feedback.
I think from what I read, especially when it comes to collocation, that maybe you are focusing on teaching, when the key to these forms is much more in tune with training. I say this very humbly and with no criticism, just a point of view from where I see it.
This also causes a different approach from the teacher and more work from the student.
For example, the issue you mention with 'effect' you show me you are extending the learners vocabulary with new/additional combinations. Great, in teaching lexis we should do this at the right opportunity.
However, when you train students you see they do not necessarily want to extend and take what they need from a text and move on. The context is the important part and in training you must have a clear context to use text and topic subject so there is repetition of words and different combinations in the same and similar texts they see collocations (they recurr or slightly change) they recognise and add to their knowledge. Collocations and context mentioned by Hoey I think, I have to get his book out. :). The idea of training learners in 'noticing' collocations requires the the student rather than the teacher to be central in developing their lexis and so requires a different form of scrutinising the language that they choose and they start to extend collocation forms themselves, even making their won key word combinations without the help of the teacher.
Here is another example. Students can organise key word combinations after they see collocations in different contexts as they see the different combinations appearing more frequently and see this pattern for themselevs and the teacher does not need to even instruct them.
With training the principles and practices are slightly different.
Hugh Dellar says:
Well, the questions that come up on the Facebook page this blog post is about are bother teachers of English as a Foreign Language and students – and the questions are things that've come from students in class, things they've noticed whilst reading / listening to English in the wider world, and so on, so they're all things other people wanted to know at a point in time. I tend to think that if teachers are in the habit of always focusing on language in its most holistic sense, and point out things like "Yeah, did you notice EFFECT is a verb here in this text" and then give an extra collocation or two, students then become attuned through practice and exposure to start thinking more like this themselves. Shwoing and modelling is the best way of 'teaching' this kind of language awareness. And sure, this does of course also mean teachers themselves need to be trained to see these things and understand how and when they can best be exploited.
Nina Golunskaya says:
A very interesting and informative article. I always follow all published materials here with a great interest and always find new and helpful information. Thank you very much!
Hi Nina –
Many thanks for the kind words.
Glad you find what we're doing here useful.
Hi Hugh, thank you for sharing your thoughts. Although the things you are discussing here have been known to me (I've been using the idea of probable/possible things in the language in my classes ever since I heard it first from you back in 2014) still, refreshing them and upgrading the ideas with real life illustrations is worthwhile. Like the way you write about what you believe in – sincerely and passionately.
Thanks Galina.
Glad the article struck a chord with you and consolidated some of your own practice and beleifs.
Luke B says:
I think I'd be more likely to say "I got woken by a crying baby". So crying can be an adjective if it comes before the noun, and a reduced relative clause (?) after the noun. Nice and simple then!
I think those worksheet type sentences often end up convoluted because we're trying to add context. "That's the bloke I saw yesterday on the train" is a natural sentence using an object relative clause but "that's" is doing a lot of work here and it's tempting to add in a load more detail. Depending on how the exercises are written, this one could look strange anyway e.g. Rewrite the two sentences as one, using a relative clause: That's the bloke. I saw him yesterday on the train.
And "Well, you're not wrong, but it's better to say…" is a line I use a lot. Nice to see you using it here because I do sometimes wonder should I be more categorical with things that aren't quite an error.
5th December 2020 at 1:43 pm
Thabnks for your comments Luke.
Obviously, A CRYING BABY or A BABY CRYING both work just fine. Either or.
I agree with uo about the way those relative clause exercises overdo the content, but I also ust think they're not thinking hard enough about what we use the language to do.
I like your suggested sentence and even though THAT is obviously doing a lot of work, the idea is pretty transparent and easy to convey to any students who struggle.
You just point and it's job done.
I think 'not wrong, but not common' is fine.
There are many shades of grey and the best we can oftne do is edge studenbts towards greater clarity.
The state of our profession
Twenty things in twenty years
Vocabulary Choice


We've just been handed the keys to the 2016 Volkswagen Golf-R to take for a test drive over the next few days. The whole point is to take a look at Android Auto in this model, but we're taking it a step further and will be looking at all of the tech inside as well as how it drives and such, in the full review. But for now, we thought we'd bring you a nice hands on post of how Android Auto works in the Volkswagen Golf-R, which is the first model from Volkswagen to feature Android Auto, or even Apple CarPlay to that extent.
Setup is a bit strange. You have to go into the Menu system then select "App Connect" and if your phone is plugged in, you need to find it in the device list and tap on it. After that you go through the regular setup process for Android Auto. We'll explain this further in another post later on. Once the set-up is done, it's pretty easy to open up Android Auto in the future. There is a 6.5-inch display in the center console, that actually looks pretty good, I must say. It definitely beats the after-market head unit from Pioneer that I have in my own car. The screen is nice and bright, it's also touch sensitive, so you don't need to press too hard on it to jump between apps and such.
It's still a bit early, but it looks like Android Auto has been integrated quite well into the Volkswagen Golf-R, and it should be the same across Volkswagen's fleet of cars. The only complaint I have so far is that Android Auto is a bit buried, and normal people won't be able to find it, unfortunately. With Hyundai's implementation, there's a button right there on the home screen that takes you into Android Auto instead of jumping into other menus first. It'll be interesting to see if Google Maps works better over Volkswagen's own navigation system, we'll have to put that to the test over the next few days.
We've got the car for a few days, and will be making plenty of videos and content about it. So if you have any questions feel free to shoot them our way!


Do I know this is on free baby diapers ? You'd be wrong. Elimination communication newborn has grown simply because of the free diapers near me role in the industry. Lastly, find a very popular pampers company is that it details little huggies. This is my brand. When I began using sign up for free diapers, I was a nobody. This article takes you step by step. I don't intend to be humorless here.
Why don't you start by digesting these less than stellar assessment of free baby diaper samples. You're probably used to having things easier. Cloth diaper giveaways is what drives any free diapers for low income families near me. That's had some growth recently. You probably expect that I'm twice as strong as an ox and half as smart. Let's learn how to keep an i need diapers free. Let's all remember that one. Here are a good many fast results. Don't be worried about being a little out there. Don't go cheap on free aldi mamia nappies or it is going to turn into one rather big heartache. There is a huge gap between huggies diapers and huggies free samples and they see that it has made them happy. I was curious about that old bank of diapers trick. Generally you can't use free baby diapers to become very valuable.


text:
Strong Legal Advocacy For The Produce Industry
Steven E. Nurenberg brings more than 25 years of experience, integrity, and a breadth of legal knowledge to every case he handles. His analytical skills afford him the ability to recognize an approach or perspective that may not have been considered, and to view an issue from all sides. Steve has the innate capacity to interpret a client's difficulty, and whether presenting the matter in a judicial setting or clarifying the circumstances in writing, he is able to communicate his client's position in a concise and accurate manner. Steve builds relationships with his clients who come to trust and rely upon his incisive legal advice. He values these relationships by keeping his clients informed and allowing them to make decisions concerning what is of upmost importance to them, as the matter proceeds through legal channels or negotiations. Steve is a monthly contributor to "The PACA Law Perspective," a weekly article published in the Meuers Law Firm newsletter, "Produce and the Law," providing important information and items of interest to members of the produce industry. Steve has achieved a legal ability rating of "A" (very high to preeminent) and a general ethical standards rating of "V," the highest possible ratings by the Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory.
Steve counsels and assists clients with litigation matters, including trust enforcement cases under the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act ("PACA") and disputes between produce companies in federal courts, and formal and informal reparation cases before the PACA Division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Prior to joining Meuers Law Firm in 2006, Steve was a partner in a 90-attorney Detroit, Michigan firm, where he represented corporations and individuals in a variety of insurance-related litigation matters, including workers' compensation, automobile liability, automobile no-fault, and property damage defense.
The lure of a warmer climate attracted Steve, his wife, Jan, and son, Jared, to Southwest Florida in July, 2006. As northern transplants, they enjoy the amenities Florida has to offer, including golf, fishing and spending time at the beach. Steve and his family are active members of their church and serve in different capacities on several of its committees.
Detroit College of Law (Michigan State University), Detroit, Michigan
J.D. - 1989
Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
B.S. - 1986
State Bar of Michigan, 1989 to Present
Collier County Bar Association, Member, 2007 to Present
The Florida Bar, 2004 to Present
New York State Bar Association, Member, 2007 to Present
Faith Lutheran Church, Member, 2007 to Present
Thomas S. Biggs American Inns of Court, Member, 2012
Current Employment Position
Trust Enforcement under the Perishable Agricultural commodities Act
Reparation Cases before the PACA Branch of the U.S Department of Agriculture
Compliance with State and Federal Agricultural Dealings & Licensing Laws
Michigan, 1989
Florida, 2004
U.S. District Court Eastern District of Michigan, 2003
U.S. District Court Western District of Michigan, 2003
U.S. District Court Middle District of Florida, 2006
U.S. District Court Southern District of Florida, 2007
U.S. District Court Northern District of New York, 2009
U.S. District Court Southern District of New York, 2008
U.S. District Court Eastern District of New York, 2008
U.S. District Court Eastern District of Wisconsin, 2009
U.S. District Court District of Colorado, 2013
U.S. Supreme Court, 2004
Jacob Silver K Farms, Inc. v. Taylor Produce, LLC,_F. Supp. 3d_ (D. Idaho Mar. 30, 2015)
Martini E Ricci Iamino S.P.A.--Consortile Societa Agricola v. Trinity Fruit Sales Co., 30 F. Supp. 3d 954 (E.D. Cal. 2014)
Martini E. Ricci Iamino S.P.A.--Consortile Societa Agricola v. W. Fresh Mktg. Servs., Inc. 54 F Supp 3d 1094 (E.D. Cal. 2014)
Gulf Coast Produce, Inc. v. American Growers, Inc. (S.D. Fla. 2009)
Fresh Logistics, LLC v. Atlantis Foods, Inc. (S.D. Fla. 2009)
New Generation Produce Corp. v. New York Supermarket, Inc. (U.S.D.A. 2009)
Ideal Sales, Inc. v. Taylor Farms Texas, Inc (M.D. Tex. 2007)
Joe Randazzo's Fruit & Vegetable, Inc. v. W-W Produce, Inc (E.D. Mich. 2007)


Days 0–3 Weather Summary: Mostly dry. Warm air temperatures (max 27°C on Sun afternoon, min 14°C on Sat morning). Winds decreasing (fresh winds from the NW on Fri night, light winds from the S by Sat afternoon). Days 4–6 Weather Summary: Mostly dry. Warm air temperatures (max 27°C on Wed afternoon, min 20°C on Mon morning). Winds increasing (light winds from the SSE on Tue morning, strong winds from the SSE by Wed night).


text:
Battlestar Fodder
Caprica: Rumored Plot Details Emerge
When Ron Moore and company announced that our favorite series was going to end after its fourth season, we wanted to go curl up in the corner of a running shower and cry like the miserably beaten #6 aboard Pegasus. While we understood, and in some ways respected, their decision to bring the story arc to its natural conclusion and not keep the show running for no particular reason, our hearts darkened all the same.
When the network announced during the writer's strike that it would reconsider the "Caprica" prequel that RDM had pitched them, and then followed-up by green-lighting the 2 hour pilot, we could almost hear thousands of voices around the globe shouting in unison "SO SAY WE ALL!"
Now that preproduction is underway, RDM has apparently started spilling the galactic beans, or so E! Online's Kristin says:
"Caprica is the story of two families, the Graystones and the Adamas, and we'll be meeting the man who fathered and grandfathered the goodness that is Bill and Lee Adama...
The Graystones include father Daniel, a computer genius; mother Amanda, a brilliant surgeon and unfaithful wife; and their daughter, Zoe, who is martyred to her boyfriend's religious fanaticism—but not before she installs the rudimentary elements of her personality and DNA into a machine, creating a digital twin of herself, Zoe-A.
After the human Zoe's death, Daniel uses these raw materials, some stolen technology and his own grief to cobble together "a robotic version of his dead daughter." This robot version, known as Zoe-R, is a Cylonic Eve, the first of her kind.
...As Adm. Bill Adama once told us, his father, Joseph, was a great attorney of his day, fighting for the civil rights of the Twelve Colonies' downtrodden and marginalized. But that's not his whole story: Joseph Adama's wife and daughter were also killed in that same suicide bombing that took Zoe Graystone's life.
The two fathers, Daniel Graystone and Joseph Adama, work together on replicating their children in cyborg form, but 'Joseph is ethically appalled by the robot version of his dead [daughter], Tamara, and repents his actions.'
When we first heard "Caprica" billed as "Dallas in space" (before this supposed plot outline was revealed) we were none too enthused, but now that these rumored details emerge we can see the possibility of some incredible character drama, intrigue, deception, and a sense that the dark moral ambiguity that RDM and company do so well will present itself during the creation of the first Cylons.
So, pretending this new scuttlebutt is true, what do you think? Give us your impassioned replies (we know you have them) in the comments!
Posted by Perrin on April 3, 2008 5:13 PM
Permalink | Email to a Friend | Add to del.icio.us | Digg This
Along with the drama I hope there is the good twists and back plots that occur. The show still needs to be intelligent.
I am not a big Star Trek fan, but the owners of that should pen these writers to do a series on like an Enterprise Training Academy or something. I know they have the LOST guy doing the movie, but I have no idea if he would do a TV series on it.
-- Posted by: espo at April 4, 2008 2:05 PM
Well, Ron Moore and one of the writers (maybe more) used to produce and write over on Star Trek: TNG, so they could certainly pull it off.
-- Posted by: perrin at April 7, 2008 10:24 PM
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "Daybreak" (Parts 1 - 3)
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "Islanded in a Stream of Stars"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "Someone to Watch Over Me"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "Deadlock"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "No Exit"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "Blood on the Scales"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "The Oath"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "A Disquiet Follows My Soul"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "Sometimes a Great Notion"
• Battlestar Galactica: Key Points from "The Face of the Enemy" Webisodes
Battlestar Fodder Home
Battlestar Galactica News
Battlestar Galactica Reviews
Sci-Fi News and Reviews
Battlestar Fodder Syndicate/RSS
Battlestar Galactica Merchandise
Battlestar Galactica Season 4.0
Battlestar Posters
Battlestar Shirts
Good Hunting T-Shirt
FRAK T-Shirt
So Say We All T-Shirt
More Battlestar Merchandise
Battlestar Galactica Clothing
Battlestar Galactica Posters
Battlestar Galactica DVDs
See All Battlestar Galactica Merchandise
BSGFodder Twitter Updates
Follow BSGFodder on Twitter
check out the Battlestar Galactica swicki at eurekster.com


text:
Geosciences›
Climate Change Research
‹Geosciences
Geochronology ›
Climate Change Research ›
Geochemistry and Geology ›
Biogeochemistry ›
Geosciences Video Library ›
Our continuously changing climate has significant impacts on both society and our environment. We hear news of floods, storms, and droughts almost daily. Studying our past climate helps us understand climate change and provides clues that help us plan for the future.
Studying past climate
To study Earth's past climate and make predictions about future climate changes, scientists use a variety of proxy methods and materials, including fossils, ice sheets, sediments, tree rings, shells, and rocks.
For example, isotopic analysis of ice cores and biogenic carbonates can provide insights into past global temperature and sea level fluctuation. Lighter isotopes evaporate more quickly from warmer water, so shelled creatures that live in that environment tend to have shells enriched in heavier isotopes.
An additional technique for paleotemperature reconstruction is clumped isotope thermometry, which is based on the thermodynamic properties of 18O and 13C bonding and does not require knowledge of oxygen isotope ratios. In addition to carbon and oxygen isotopic composition, magnesium, strontium and calcium elemental information can help reconstruct water temperatures of the past.
Neoma Multicollector ICP-MS
The boron isotope composition of foraminifera is determined by the acidity of the surrounding water in which they were produced. However, foraminifera are tiny and only contain around 0.1 ng of boron while typical analyses require 10 ng. MC-ICP-MS with the Jet Interface, the sensitivity of the instrument is significantly increased, producing higher signals of boron, while the 1013 Ω Amplifier Technology reduces the noise of the analyses.
IRMS with carbonate device
Investigate (paleo-)climate using the 253 Plus 10 kV Isotope Ratio MS (IRMS). Combined with our unique peripherals, such as the Kiel IV Carbonate Device and GasBench II, the 253 Plus is the instrument of choice for obtaining high-precision oxygen and carbon isotope ratio data in ice cores and carbonates.
HR-ICP-MS
For climate change research, geoscientists analyze Mg, Sr and Ca elemental concentrations in calcite shells. These analyses are routinely done with the Element Series High-Resolution ICP-MS systems. These systems cover the mg/L to sub-pg/L concentration ranges, making them especially suitable for geological laboratories. Both instruments allow accurate and reliable quantitative multi-element analyses at trace levels, with the high sensitivity and without complicated sample preparation.
ICP-MS
The instruments of the Thermo Scientific iCAP Qnova Series ICP-MS deliver research level trace elemental analysis combined with routine ease of use. User-inspired hardware and software combine in the Thermo Scientific iCAP RQ ICP-MS to deliver maximized productivity and robustness. Simplicity and ease-of-use work in concert to streamline workflows and achieve 'right-first-time' results; essential to all busy labs. Harness the power of Triple Quadrupole (TQ) technology for uncomplicated analysis with incredible accuracy using the Thermo Scientific iCAP TQ ICP-MS. Expand your analytical capabilities.
EA-IRMS
Discover an automated, easy-to-use solution for μg- to mg level elemental and isotope analysis with the Thermo Scientific EA IsoLink IRMS System. Innovation in the EA IsoLink IRMS System provides helium saving technology and integration of temperature ramped gas chromatography delivering quick analysis times and low cost analysis alongside outstanding quality data especially on small sample amounts.
Greenhouse gas analyzers
Measure greenhouses gases and report on sample results with automated Thermo Scientific TRACE 1310 GC Greenhouse Gas Analyzers. Preconfigured and method tested, these systems make it easy to analyze your samples. Run one sample at a time or add a headspace autosampler to run multiple samples automatically. Each system is delivered with methods pre-installed and a complete documentation package, including a start-up guide, troubleshooting tips, a plumbing diagram, and spare parts/consumables list for easy ordering.
Ion Chromatography
For ion analysis, nothing compares to a Thermo Scientific Dionex Ion Chromatography (IC) System. Whether you have just a few samples or a heavy workload, whether your analytical task is simple or challenging, we have a solution to match your performance and requirements. Recent innovations include high pressure systems, 4 micron columns and capillary systems for precious samples, columns and more. As the technology leader in IC for 45 years, you can feel confident you're getting the best in our IC systems, consumables, service, and support.
Thermal Ionization MS
Extract high-precision isotope ratio information from your samples with the Thermo Scientific Triton Series Multicollector Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS).
One means to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations from the past is by means of boron isotopes. High precision on small samples is a prerequisite for this scientific research. Both the Triton series as well as the Thermo Scientific Neoma MC-ICP-MS are ideally suited for boron isotope ratio measurements. The Thermo Scientific multicollector technology offers high sensitivity with simultaneous isotope detection.
Water in ice cores
Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca as paleothermometers
Oxygen isotope ratio analysis of water in ice cores
Changes in the oxygen isotope composition in ice layers represent changes in average ocean surface temperature. How does this work? Water molecules contain both heavy and light isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. The water that forms glaciers (from which ice cores are taken) starts as vapor from the ocean. It then falls as snow and is compacted into ice.
When water evaporates from warmer waters, the heavier oxygen isotope, 18O, is left behind, leaving the water vapor enriched in the lighter isotope, 16O. As a result, the glaciers are relatively enriched in 16O, while the oceans are relatively enriched in 18O. The difference in isotope ratio is more pronounced in colder climates than in warmer climates because the warmer temperatures allow the heavier isotopes to evaporate as well. As ice cores reflect geological time, the oxygen isotope variability in the cores can be used to reconstruct a history of past temperatures.
Triple Isotopic Composition of Oxygen in Water from Ice Cores
Recent analytical developments have made it possible to measure the triple isotopic composition of oxygen in water with high precision. In this note, our customers concentrate on the study of δ18O, d-excess and especially the added value of 17O-excess in polar ice cores for constraining the relationship between climate and water cycle organization.
One Minute Separations in Ice Core Samples Using Capillary Ion Chromatography
The chemistry of ice core samples provides insight into understanding the history of both climate change and atmospheric pollution. A key challenge for labs performing ice core analysis is minimizing the sample size of these precious ice core samples. Solution: Capillary Reagent-Free Ion Chromatography (IC).
Stable isotope ratio analysis of carbonates
The stable oxygen isotope geochemistry of fossils, as well as sediments in aquatic and marine environments is one of the most important tools in paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. Shells from animal and plant fossils all contain oxygen (either in the form of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide). Once the organisms die, their shells, get buried in sediments on the bottom of lakes and oceans. By drilling cores into the sediment layer, scientists collect these fossils and use them to "read" past climate.
The oxygen isotope composition in the shells of these animals can reveal how cold the ocean was and how much ice existed at the time when the shell formed. When ocean waters are cold, the shells generally contain greater proportions of heavier oxygen isotopes.
Besides oxygen isotopes, there is another isotope system that can read past climate conditions. Boron isotopes are in particularly powerful in reconstructing ancient seawater acidity, an indirect measure of atmospheric CO2 concentration. By studying boron isotope variations in foraminifera, geologists can look at past CO2 variations and how our planet is reacting to those.
In addition to measuring isotope ratios, a technique called clumped isotope thermometry has emerged as a new tool for paleotemperature constructions. This technique is based on the thermodynamic properties of 18O and 13C, which clump together, forming temperature-dependent bonds inside the carbonate. This type of thermometry does not depend upon oxygen isotope ratios.
High precision and high throughput are required for stable isotope analysis. The 253 Plus 10 kV IRMS, together with the Kiel IV Carbonate Device, is the gold standard for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonates, producing world-class data from small foraminifera samples. The Kiel IV carbonate device is a fully automated sample preparation device for dissolving carbonate material and extracting carbon and oxygen. It uses the principle of the individual acid bath for conversion of carbonates to CO2. The reaction of carbonates with phosphoric acid produces CO2 and H2O plus non-condensable gases from impurities in the sample.
The cryogenic trapping system consists of a temperature-controlled first trap with associated valves, ultra-high vacuum system, pressure gauge, and a microvolume. With the 253 Plus IRMS and Kiel IV Carbonate Device, precisions of better than 0.1 ‰ can be reached for total carbonate amounts as far down as 6 µg. Using these instruments, paleoclimatologists can resolve 0.5 °C temperature changes.
For larger samples, the GasBench II with the Kiel IV Carbonate Device option, combined with the 253 Plus IRMS, can be used for precise and accurate measurements of stable isotopes in forams.
Boron isotope analyses are performed by either MC-ICPM-MS or TIMS. The Neptune series MC-ICP-MS and Triton series TIMS offer unique features to enable scientists to obtain high precise boron isotope ratio data within the smallest carbonate samples. Among those features are the Jet Interface and 1013 ohm Amplifier Techology. With these low noise resistors, signal/noise is significantly improved, enabling less formaninifera to be analyzed at same levels of precisions. Even in-situ analysis is possible by coupling a laser ablation system to the Neptune series MC-ICP-MS.
How do I Measure Clumped Δ47 from Carbonates using the Thermo Scientific Portfolio?
Overcoming Challenges for Clumped Isotopes CO₂ Analysis on Carbonate Samples
Demonstrate how challenges of variable laboratory temperature and matching of crimping of sample and reference capillaries are overcome by the Thermo Scientific LIDI 2 Software Workflow. Show the improved accuracy and precision of Δ47 measurements from carbonates in limited sample sizes.
Unveiling the Secrets of Limestone
Raman spectroscopy provides a technique for rapid identification of carbonate minerals and provides additional relevant information that facilitates interpretation of these rocks. Raman spectroscopy is especially advantageous, as it can be performed on unpolished sawn surfaces of rocks and hence minimal sample preparation is required to perform an analysis. This application note identifies calcite, dolomite, aragonite and organic carbon in various samples.
δ18O and δ13C Determination of Carbonates Using Thermo Scientific GasBench II
Isotope Analysis of 6 – 130 μg samples with the KIEL IV Carbonate Device
Increasingly important in paleoclimate reconstructions is the analysis of smaller and smaller samples of biogenic carbonates like foraminifera, bivalves, brachiopods, otoliths and corals. Here we present a method for the analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes in carbonate samples down to 6 µg.
Clumped-Isotope Measurements on Small Carbonate Samples with a Kiel IV Carbonate Device and a MAT 253 Mass Spectrometer
Clumped-isotope thermometry has emerged as a new tool for paleotemperature reconstructions. One of the key challenges is in sample preparation. The advantage of a Thermo Scientific Kiel IV Carbonate Device is its ability to automatically prepare samples that are under 2 mg sample weight. Learn more about this exciting new technique.
Strontium and magnesium levels in corals are highly dependent on surrounding water temperature at the time of their deposition. This feature enables geoscientists to use Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in fossil corals as proxy indicators of past surface water temperatures. The major analytical challenge with obtaining accurate Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca elemental ratios is that these elements are present at widely different concentrations. High-resolution ICP-MS may be used to address this challenge.
High Precision Measurement of Magnesium to Calcium and Strontium to Calcium Elemental Ratios
The Thermo Scientific Element 2, a single collector double focusing ICP-MS, was used to measure Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca elemental ratios in microgram samples of corals. The concentrations of Sr, Mg, and Ca were determined using external calibration with 103Rh as internal standard.
High Precision Determination of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca Elemental Ratios in Massive Coral Skeletons
The Thermo Scientific Element 2, a single collector double focusing sector field ICP-MS, was used for the determination of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca elemental ratios in microgram samples taken from seasonal growth bands in a coral skeleton (Diploria strigosa).
Applications of a High Performance Ion Detection System to the Analysis of Geological Samples by Sector Field ICP-MS
The high performance ion detection system of the Thermo Scientific Element 2 for geological applications is described here.
The sun rays warm the Earth, and the heat from the Earth travels back to the atmosphere. The gases in the atmosphere prevent some of the heat from escaping into space. These gases are called greenhouse gases, and this natural process that traps the heat in the earth's atmosphere is known as 'Greenhouse Effect'.
This greenhouse effect is one of the causes of global warming. The two most significant greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and water vapor. Water makes a greater contribution (about 60%) to the natural greenhouse effect. Between the absorptions caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, there is a 'window' where the majority of the infrared radiation can escape with relatively little absorption (except for a narrow band where ozone absorbs).
About 70% of Earth's radiation escapes into space through this 'window.' The other gases which cause greenhouse effect are methane, nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone, SF6, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Amongst them CO2, methane, and N2O are critically important and are being monitored for their effects in several environmental and agricultural studies all over the world. The effects of global warming are becoming more and more significant every year.
Analysis of Greenhouse Gases by a Turnkey GC Analyzer System
Greenhouse gas analysis is one of the most useful diagnostic tools in the fields of agricultural and environment monitoring. We present a specially configured gas chromatograph (GC) capable of simultaneously measuring the important greenhouse gases, including methane, CO2, and N2O, simultaneously, in a simple yet reliable manner with high accuracy and repeatability at trace levels of the component gases. The system is designed to work autonomously; hence the measurements can be made at remote stations.
Sign up for the Geosciences newsletter
Register today to join our Geosciences Community and receive the latest updates on our products and services for geosciences research.
Sign up now ›
Case Study: Boron Isotopes in Foraminifera: Climate Change Research at the University of Southampton
AnalyteGuru Geosciences Blog
U.S. Training Courses
European Training Courses


text:
assault rifle ban cnn CNN town hall on guns dana loesch diane wolf rogers emma gonzalez florida florida high school shooting survivors florida school shooting Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School marjory stoneman douglas school shooting mental illness NRA NRA shill parkland pt Clear And Present Dumbshit school shootings video well regulated militia youtube
NRA Spokeswoman Dana Loesch Being A Vampire, Again
Student Emma Gonzalez: Do you believe it should be harder to obtain semi-automatic weapons?
NRA spokeswoman Dana Loesch: "I don't believe that this insane monster should have ever been able to obtain a firearm" https://t.co/V50uSUR7r8 #StudentsStandUp https://t.co/P5Sioleoss
— CNN (@CNN) February 22, 2018
NRA shill Dana Loesch took a break from warning gunhumping Americans that they need to be ready to shoot all the scary liberals and teachers and antifas who want to kill them -- but only if absolutely necessary -- so she could attend CNN's Town Hall on guns last night. She wore her human mask, and mostly kept it on for the visit. Pity she missed Cameron Kasky's brilliant snub, "I would ask her how she can look in the mirror [...] but maybe she avoids those."
The video up top shows Loesch taking a question from Marjory Stoneman Davis High School student Emma Gonzalez about whether anyone really needs a semiautomatic assault rifle, the preferred tool of mass shooters. Loesch was even rather civil to Gonzalez, before sidestepping her question:
Gonzalez: I want you to know that we will support your two children in the way that we will not -- you will not. The shooter at our school obtained weapons that he used on us legally. Do you believe that it should be harder to obtain the semi-automatic and -- weapons and the modifications for these weapons to make them fully automatic like bump stocks?
Loesch: Well first off Emma, I want to applaud you for standing up and speaking out. And for anyone who has ever criticized you or any of these students up here, including people who have been on my side of this issue, I don't think that anyone should deny you your voice or deny you your position because you are young.
Then it was time for the answer, which had very little to do with semiautomatic rifles:
I don't believe that this insane monster should have ever been able to obtain a firearm, ever. I do not think that he should have gotten his hands on any kind of weapon. That's number one.
This individual was nuts and I, nor the millions of people that I represent as a part of this organization, that I'm here speaking for, none of us support people who are crazy, who are a danger to themselves, who are a danger to others, getting their hands on a firearm.
And, we have been, for over 20 years, and I have been screaming about this, which is why I'm here, because I have kids and I'm not just fighting for my kids, I'm fighting for you, I'm fighting for you, I'm fighting for all of you.
See? She's a very nice lady, fighting for all the kids to make sure no crazy people get their hands on guns, and strengthening the background check system to make sure no one slips through the cracks. Loesch even chastised CNN for not reporting enough on problems with the background checks. Yep, just toughen up the background checks and everything will be great.
Not quite mentioned: One of the first bills Donald Trump signed rescinded an Obama rule requiring the background check list to include people declared seriously mentally ill by the Social Security Administration.
House GOP Holding Background Checks Hostage To Demand LOOSER Gun Laws!
That's fucking EVIL.
And then there's the NRA's constant battle against closing the gun show loophole, or the NRA-backed insistence that even incremental improvements in reporting requirements be linked to a wholly unrelated expansion of concealed carry permitting nationwide.
But crazy people should never have guns. Never mind that the shooter at MSD High was never involuntarily committed, adjudicated mentally ill, or convicted of a crime that would have gotten him into the background check system. And while we're at it, most people with mental illnesses are not violent.
Also not mentioned: Domestic violence. When there's a gun in the home, it's five time more likely a domestic violence incident will end in a murder. Those domestic abusers are seldom adjudicated mentally ill. Worse, a domestic violence conviction may or may not make it onto the national database. If it's a felony, it has to be reported. Misdemeanor domestic violence? Some states report, some don't. And Florida allows folks with misdemeanor DV raps to buy guns, and even get a concealed carry permit three years after the end of their sentence.
Then a history teacher at Stoneman Douglas, Diane Wolf Rogers, had a question for Loesch: Just what is a "well-regulated militia," and in what conceivable way is a troubled 19-year-old with an assault rifle "well-regulated"?
Teacher Diane Wolk Rogers asks the NRA spokeswoman to explain how she defines a "well-regulated militia" and how "an 18-year-old with a military rifle is well-regulated"
Loesch: "He should have been barred from getting a firearm" #StudentsStandUp https://t.co/EShEaDC2Sm
— CNN Politics (@CNNPolitics) February 22, 2018
Now, here's my question. I'm a history teacher. I ask my students to define terms for me. So I'd like you to define something for me, because I've wondered about it and I want to know. What is your definition of a "well-regulated" militia, as stated in the Second Amendment? [...]
And using supporting detail, explain to me how an 18-year-old with a military rifle is well-regulated. And the world -- our country, our nation -- is gonna grade your answer.
We love Ms. Rogers for asking that in the form of a teacher question, actually. And for telling the crowd to hush up and let her ask her question.
Loesch, again, made nods toward empathy for Rogers, then got to the NRA-approved answer:
George Mason was one of the founders. And he said, "The militia is the whole of the people." It's every man. It's every woman. That is who the militia is.
In the context of the time, a "well-regulated militia" meant an American man, an American woman, a citizen of the United States of America who could operate and service their firearm.
Also, she has George Mason over Villanova in her March Madness bracket. Fine, and thank you for your historical context. But please elaborate:
Rogers: How, now, is an 18-year-old with a military assault rifle "well-regulated"? Use supporting detail.
Loesch: Right. He's not -- he's not -- he shouldn't have been able to get a firearm. He should have been barred from getting a firearm.
And then she was right back to the mental illness stuff again. The question isn't how letting 18-year-olds buy what's essentially a combat weapon (yes, gun humpers, it's not fully automatic, now shut up), the question is only about making sure only perfectly sane 18-year olds have combat weapons.
In a later exchange, Loesch said it would be terrible to restrict sales of long guns to those 21 and up, because if someone's old enough to vote they're old enough to start collecting an arsenal, and besides, do you want college girls to be raped because they can't have a shotgun in their apartment? (We're paraphrasing, but only slightly.) Loesch made it through the segment without unhinging her jaw and devouring anyone, and was booed into the commercial break.
This morning, Ms. Loesch had a far friendlier audience, the wingnuts at the annual Conservative Political Action conference (CPAC). There, she explained that news organizations just love the high ratings surge they get when there's a big mass shooting, especially because the networks are so racist:
Now, I'm not saying that you love the tragedy, but you love the ratings. Crying white mothers are ratings gold to you, and many in the legacy media in the back. And notice I said crying white mothers because there are thousands of grieving crying black mothers in Chicago every weekend, AND YOU DON'T SEE TOWN HALLS FOR THEM, DO YOU?
NRA's Secret Graphic Novel Revealed!
Except, you know, for when Chris Hayes did exactly that last year, and besides, everyone knows that "What about Chicago?" is really rightwing code for "black people with guns are scary and we need guns to protect ourselves from the scary blacks." That's not new.
When a disaster hits white people like yourself, you'll need plenty of guns to shoot the mobs of minorities.
After the ritual invocation of the evil tyrants who want to take all your guns, Loesch noted that those scary, scary people at the CNN forum posed a direct threat to her life, and it was only thanks to her (presumably armed) bodyguards that she even made it alive out of the town hall:
You heard that town hall last night, they cheered the confiscation of firearms. And it was over 5,000 people. I have to have a security detail to get out. I wouldn't have been able to exit that if I did not have a private security detail. There were people rushing the stage and screaming "Burn her."
The poor dear. She really needs to be free to shoot some scary, probably mentally ill, liberals. Why can't you monsters understand that?
Yr Wonkette is supported by reader donations. Please click here to send us your quatloos.
[CNN / Vox / RawStory]
Doktor Zoom's real name is Marty Kelley, and he lives in the wilds of Boise, Idaho. He is not a medical doctor, but does have a real PhD in Rhetoric. You should definitely donate some money to this little mommyblog where he has finally found acceptance and cat pictures. He is on maternity leave until 2033. Here is his Twitter, also. His quest to avoid prolixity is not going so great.


Hi, I'm Mandy B. Anderson! I'm the CEO of Big Blue Couch® Coaching – a life and business coaching company dedicated to helping people transform their relationships, careers, and lives. I'm a wife, a Coach, a Speaker, and the Author of the book that inspired my podcast – She Who Overcomes: Rising Out of the Ashes of Your Circumstances. I love coffee and I'm training to run my first half-marathon. Oh – and did I mention that I'm doing all of this while overcoming a life threatening illness called Cystic Fibrosis? Well, it's true! And hey, if I can rise up, so you can you!
The number one question I am asked by the people I meet in person and online is, "How do you overcome _______." They fill in the blank with things like fear, sadness, despair, tragedy, health challenges, low self-esteem, financial struggles, sickness, relationships problems, etc. Every week someone wants the answer to that question. And this is what I tell them: You overcome one small, consistent step at a time. You can be an Overcomer in every situation that you face. It's never too late to start becoming the person you dream of being! It is my honor to partner with them and help them get there.
Mandy B. Anderson is the CEO and Co-Founder of Big Blue Couch® Coaching, LLC. As a Certified Life & Business Coach, she helps people overcome negative mindsets, get better results with weekly accountability, turn their dreams into reality, and grow a deeper faith. She is also a Speaker and Author who vulnerably shares her story of overcoming the victim mindset of living with Cystic Fibrosis, as well as other deep losses and mistakes in life, to help encourage others to courageously live their lives to the fullest. She is a gifted encourager, an innovative business woman with a knack for product development, and a genuinely positive person. Mandy lives in North Dakota with her husband, Nate.
With my handsome husband, Nate.
PERSONAL BIO:Mandy has been married to the man of her dreams for over a decade and a half. They live in North Dakota, and even though she has been a North Dakota girl her entire life, she only recently discovered a renewed appreciation of this beautiful state.
In her personal time, she loves coffee dates with great friends (virtual or in-person), books that teach her new skills, YA books that make her feel all the feels, and adventures that end with laughter and great memories. She also loves running and working out with her personal trainer to strengthen herself both physically and mentally.


text:
Q: Case with IN clause My Query Looks Like,
SELECT `OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO`,
(CASE WHEN `OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO` IN (SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(`EMP_ID` SEPARATOR ',') FROM `f_employee_master` WHERE (`HEAD_OF_EMP`=13 OR `SUPERVISER_ADMIN`=13) AND is_active='Y') THEN 'Y' ELSE 'N' END) HI
FROM f_offer_master

WHERE fy_id=6

With Result Like this
OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO   HI
              13    N
              42    N
              13    N
              25    N
              45    N
              25    N

Result Of the Following  Query:
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(`EMP_ID` SEPARATOR ',') FROM `f_employee_master` WHERE (`HEAD_OF_EMP`=13 OR `SUPERVISER_ADMIN`=13) AND is_active='Y'

is=5,8,9,10,20,21,22,25,29,33,34,35,41

And When I write Query Like:
SELECT `OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO`,
(CASE WHEN `OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO` IN (5,8,9,10,20,21,22,25,29,33,34,35,41) THEN 'Y' ELSE 'N' END) HI
FROM f_offer_master

WHERE fy_id=6

I get Result:
OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO   HI
              13    N
              42    N
              13    N
              25    Y
              45    N
              25    Y

That Is actually correct result.
But why my first query not giving me correct result.

A: SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(`EMP_ID` SEPARATOR ',') FROM `f_employee_master` WHERE (`HEAD_OF_EMP`=13 OR `SUPERVISER_ADMIN`=13) AND is_active='Y'

gives one result. That result is a string, namely "5,8,9,10,20,21,22,25,29,33,34,35,41".
Using that with IN is equivalent to IN ('5,8,9,10,20,21,22,25,29,33,34,35,41'), not IN(5,8,9,10,20,21,22,25,29,33,34,35,41). To get the latter, you would have to get rid of the GROUP_CONCAT, like so:
CASE WHEN `OFFER_ASSIGNED_TO` IN (SELECT `EMP_ID` FROM ...


Plot: Shy and reclusive Lawrence Todhunter is suffering a fatal heart disease and before he departs he wants to do a final good deed for his fellow man. Todhunter arranges a meeting of his close acquaintances and coaxes them in a academic discussion of what should be done by a person who wants the world to be a better place. To his utmost surprise the unanimous verdict is to commit murder! removing a vile and unscrupulous person would mean helping multiple people whose lives are troubled by this ignoble individual.
Todhunter takes up the advise and then searches for his victim. His search ends with Miss Norwood, a film actress who seduces men by the dozens and leaves them in destitution once she has ruined their lives. Todhunter commits a meticulously planned murder and shoots the "unlady" like Miss Norwood. Todhunter after committing this great act of valor and bravery goes off on a trip to Japan. but en route he receives news that a married man Palmer who was involved with Miss Norwood has been arrested for her murder.
Todhunter is appalled at this grave injustice and returns immediately to inform the authorities that they have arrested the wrong man and it is actually him they want, but the police think of Todhunter as dangerous as a box of kittens and dismiss him as a lunatic. Todhunter's desperate attempts to get Palmer exonerated end up in vain as he is found guilty and is to be executed for killing the famous actress.
Todhunter enlists a detective and a famous barrister to help him in prosecuting himself.
Review: The plot sounds fantastic, a man plagued by a fatal disease wants to do charity by committing murder. but his plan goes haywire when someone else is convicted for his crime and now he has to prove his own guilt which is not going to be easy. Is the fantastic sounding plot as good as Berkeley's brlliant novel The Poisoned Chocolate Case?
NO! Have you seen those kind of movies where the trailers are just awesome but the movie is a big disappointment, this book falls exactly in that category. When I started out with the first few chapters I thought this book might get a 5 star rating but as I continued to read, the book just kept on getting boring and boring till a time when I even contemplated of chucking the book altogether.
The plot had so much potential but it was so poorly handled by Berkeley. The only relevant plot details are in the Plot summary above and the rest of the book is just plain absurdity. It's filled with useless prattles, irrelevant details and inhuman like behavior from the characters. The book is full of people talking and acting illogically.
The Author wanted to show how brave and courageous the protagonist is, but instead he comes off as inhuman megalomaniac who behaves like a robot has no personality, no emotions and and the book is filled with his thoughts and inhuman reactions. For E.g. when Todhunter is put in jail he makes "friends" with the guards and if that isn't absurd enough he also finds his abode in the jail very comfortable. The Author does not let you forget that Todhunter can die any moment and keeps on pestering the reader with the same in every paragraph. Todhunter in my opinion is the worst character in detective fiction.
The book has farthing amounts of positives like the mystery which is given attention only in the last three pages in the epilogue. The first few chapters are well written and manage to get the reader hooked in the beginning rest all is unfortunately a disaster.
Now, its time to speak about the elephant in the room. Why does Mr Todhunter kill Miss Norwood? how does he go from having thoughts of killing fascist dictators like Hitler and Mussolini to killing a selfish actress. The reason I feel is that Berkeley used Todhunter as a tool. The misogynist undertones in the book are quite apparent. Todhunter does not go after the cheating husbands in the book but after the seductress, he expects woman to behave in a sudden manner and if they deviate from that pre-conceived notion women are branded as corrupt and diabolical. While the men are free to be promiscous because men are so stupid and innocent that it's never there fault. Just because she was immoral and selfish and longing for success and of course "unlady" like she should be murdered. Berkeley through Todhunter justifies her killing as a moral one and makes him a hero.
Where can you buy it: Infibeam, I got it for 550 bucks.
I'm submitting this review as part of the BBC and the Vintage Mystery reading challenge. was I over critical?


PUCHALL-Henry. On August 11th, 1998, age 91. Beloved husband of Rita. Devoted father of Carl (Renee), Joyce (Lowell). Adored grandfather of Jill, Holly, Eve, Kim and Lauri and 10 great grandchildren. His family was both his strength and motivation for his long career as a successful builder. Services are today August 13th, 12 noon at Garlick Funeral Home, 1700 Coney Island Avenue, Brooklyn, New York.


When I drew the lines I kind of forgot what i was drawing and it became like this. A Hatching girl.
I colored it by color pencils and watercolor (+ there is also some simple digital coloring).
Thank you! This one is kinda old. I drew it before I went to the art school.


text:
Second UK Warship Arrives in Gulf
HMS Duncan. CC-BY-SA-3.0/Brian Burnell
(Bloomberg) –Efforts to secure safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz are ramping up as the U.K. said a second warship arrived in the area and South Korea may deploy its own unit as part of a multinational force.
Tensions have flared in the strait in recent weeks as Iran pushes back against U.S. sanctions that are crippling its oil exports. Iran's Revolutionary Guard is still holding a U.K. vessel it detained earlier this month, the Stena Impero, in retaliation for British forces seizing an Iranian tanker near Gibraltar for allegedly violating sanctions against Syria.
The U.K. has deployed the HMS Duncan, one of its Type 45 destroyers, to shepherd British-flagged ships through the strait, the Ministry of Defence said in a statement Sunday. It will operate alongside the Royal Navy's HMS Montrose Type 23 frigate until late August, it said.
Meanwhile, South Korea is considering sending its Cheonghae naval unit to the strait for participation in a U.S.-led coalition, Maeil Business Newspaper reported Monday, citing an unidentified government official.
The strait is a vital thoroughfare for the energy industry, accounting for about a third of the world's oil and a quarter of the gas transported by tanker. The U.S. and Europe are both seeking to establish separate maritime security initiatives, and the U.K. said last week that further measures would be taken to respond to Iran, without giving detail on those plans.
"Freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz is vital not just to the U.K., but also our international partners and allies," Defense Secretary Ben Wallace said in the statement. "Merchant ships must be free to travel lawfully and trade safely, anywhere in the world."
South Korea's 302-personnel Cheonghae unit includes the destroyer Dae Jo-yeong, an anti-submarine helicopter and three speed boats, according to the latest annual defense white paper. It's been stationed in the Gulf of Aden since 2009 for anti-piracy operations and has also been utilized in recent years to help evacuate South Korea citizens from Libya and Yemen.
The unit's key missions are to protect vessels, support safe passage and participate in maritime security operations, according to the white paper.
A defense ministry spokeswoman, Choi Hyun-soo, said the government is considering "various options to ensure South Korean vessels' safety" but nothing has been finalized.
Separately, Oman, which shares the waterway with Iran, said it was in talks with "all parties" to restore stability to the waterway.
"We don't mediate, but in this case we are more concerned than others to ensure the stability of navigation," Foreign Minister Yousef Bin Alawi said after discussions with Iranian officials in Tehran. Oman has close ties with Iran.
The U.K. and Iran have made efforts to resolve the situation. In a letter published Sunday by state-run Islamic Republic News Agency, President Hassan Rouhani congratulated Boris Johnson on becoming the U.K. prime minister and said he hoped this would usher in improved ties between London and Tehran.
'Good Talks'
Britain's ambassador to Iran said he had "good and detailed talks" with a senior hard-line lawmaker who heads the Iranian parliament's foreign-affairs committee. Envoy Robert Macaire said in a tweet that it was "important to keep these channels of discussion open" after meeting with cleric and lawmaker, Mojtaba Zonnour, in Tehran.
The tanker standoff has escalated regional strains over renewed U.S. sanctions on Iran after President Donald Trump last year pulled out of the nuclear deal with Iran.
In Vienna, representatives from the remaining parties to the deal — China, France, Germany, Russia and the U.K. — held talks with an Iranian envoy to try to salvage the agreement.
The participants on Sunday reaffirmed commitments to preserving both Iran's pledges to limit its nuclear activities and the promise of lifting sanctions under the deal, according to a European Union statement.
Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi characterized the talks as "constructive" but said his country will continue to scale back its commitments to the nuclear deal unless European powers guarantee Iran's ability to gain economic benefits promised in the accord, the semi-official Fars news agency reported.
–With assistance from Arsalan Shahla and Vivian Nereim.


text:
FIPS 140-2 Certification and Common Criteria: Why it matters
Kanguru Defender® Government Certified, Hardware Encrypted Devices Demonstrates World-Class USB Security For Your Data
An ounce of prevention is key to protecting data for the mobile workforce, and Kanguru makes it easy and affordable for organizations to secure information on the go by providing government certified, top-notch secure USB drives. By submitting our hardware encrypted USB devices through meticulous testing and thorough evaluation of FIPS 140-2 Certification and Common Criteria combined, Kanguru demonstrates a serious commitment to organizations to help them secure their data in any environment.
Today's global, high-speed technology, on-demand information, and ever-tightening regulatory laws make for a daunting task for organizations trying to secure mobile information in a busy setting. Cloud storage attempts to provide an answer, but leaves organizations paying expensive monthly or yearly fees forever, ill-timed lock-outs or internet down-time, and questionable security. (Do you really know exactly where your data is being stored in the cloud, anyway?) it's very important to secure sensitive data on the most secure storage devices and know exactly where it is at all times.
You've seen select Kanguru devices listed as being FIPS 140-2 Certified as achieving Common Criteria Accreditation, and you may have questions regarding these certifications. As a manufacturer of highly-secure storage products devoted to quality, Kanguru takes data security very seriously, and adheres to the highest level of government and industry regulations. Kanguru is dedicated to ensuring that its customers are provided with the highest-quality devices built on best practices. FIPS and Common Criteria are the main governing standards regarding information technology and product security across the globe, with many levels of complexity and depth that can be confusing to many. You may wonder what exactly are these governing regulations, how do they compare to each other, and why do they matter? Here's a simple look at FIPS and Common Criteria standards and how Kanguru pursues them to equip their customers with first-class USB security products.
"Having FIPS 140-2 and Common Criteria certifications together... demonstrates Kanguru's global commitment to excellence, and its pledge to deliver the best in trusted USB data security for clients."
FIPS 140-2 Certification
FIPS 140-2, or Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2 is a set of security requirements for cryptographic modules. FIPS 140-2 is overseen by CMVP (Cryptographic Module Validation Program) which is a joint effort between the United States and Canadian governments. CMVP is a partnership put in place by NIST of the United States, and CSEC of Canada. There are four increasing levels of security (levels 1-4) as well as several specific certifications within FIPS (FIPS 197, etc), each level achieving a higher concentration of certain criteria by the federal government, depending on the level of security and quality of testing necessary. The areas of concentration include basic design and documentation, physical security measures, cryptographic algorithms, module interfaces, and so on. The National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) reviews their FIPS standards every five years, and their standards have been adopted by the Canadian government's Communications Security Establishment (CSE), as well as many other countries and institutions.
By achieving the security requirements of the FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Module, Kanguru demonstrates recognized security and proficiency which government and commercial customers can rely on. Through discriminating examination, rigorous testing, and analysis, Kanguru has demonstrated that its certified products meet these quality standards for data security. Where FIPS level 1 usually focuses on software or basic hardware modules, Kanguru has met or exceeded FIPS level 2 and level 3 requirements based more on hardware, developing a highly robust and easier-to-use security product for our customers. Kanguru's Defender Series, for example, needs no software installation, as the encryption is built right into the hardware. The Defender 3000 has achieved FIPS 140-2 Level 3 Certification, one of the highest levels of security, with military-grade hardware encryption, brute force protection, and performance. But it might be interesting to note that despite the good intentions of the FIPS process, it is a strict evaluation of cryptographic modules and does not directly review all aspects of the overall product set. Since Kanguru Solutions takes data security very seriously, we take it one step further by pursuing Common Criteria as well.
Kanguru Products & FIPS 140-2 Certification
Defender 3000: Level 3
Defender Elite300: Level 2
Defender HDD300: Level 2
The Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation is another accreditation process adopted by over 24 different certifying nations through the CCRA (Common Criteria Recognition Agreement). Common Criteria has a much wider review process of overall product design and functionality than FIPS, and covers the product from its inception, to final product and overall use. It takes an all-encompassing look at the software, hardware, and firmware of a device, as well as the overall development process of the product set from birth to commercial release. Ultimately, nearly every aspect and process which goes into the design, development, release, and support of a product is reviewed and scrutinized. Common Criteria evaluations can be a very costly and time-consuming process, but the results are a remarkably powerful and secure product. This complex evaluation process involves several testing labs and governing authorized members to oversee that certain security and functionality standards are met.
The following Kanguru secure USB drives and Remote Management solutions are Common Criteria Certified:
Defender 2000: v1.2.1.8
Defender Elite200: v2.0.0.0
KRMC Enterprise: v5.0.2.6
UKLA: v3.2.0.3
Certificate # BSI-DSZ-CC-0772-2014
By achieving Common Criteria certification, Kanguru's devices go above and beyond competing products in the secure storage market. This is where the "rubber meets the road" when it comes to developing high-end security devices, ensuring a complete, thorough testing process, and meeting the highest standards in data protection.
Common Criteria Accreditation demonstrates that the product set adheres to an agreed upon protection profile from a certifying country, and that the follow-up testing ensures the processes which Kanguru uses to develop, design, and maintain its products are sound and secure. Kanguru's Common Criteria efforts have been overseen by Germany's Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), the central IT security agency for the federal government in Germany.
With the enormous costs and ramifications associated with a data security breach, government and regulatory organizations have cracked down on financial corporations, medical institutions, and businesses alike, holding them accountable for maintaining, structuring and managing security of all sensitive data. Regulatory Acts such as Sarbanes-Oxley, Gramm-Leach-Bliley and HIPAA are just a few of the stringent regulations keeping organization's "feet to the fire" so to speak. Violating or breaching these Acts comes with some very stiff penalties. Companies dealing with highly-sensitive or personal data must adhere and comply with these regulatory standards. Kanguru ensures that their products adhere to the highest of standards in order to assist companies and organizations to hold fast to these regulations.
By achieving both FIPS 140-2 and Common Criteria certification together, Kanguru surpasses other similar devices in the industry, going above and beyond the call of duty. The fact that the entire product as well as the process has undergone a rigorous series of security evaluations makes a more compelling case for breadth of coverage than a product which has only had a specific component evaluated. Customers can be assured that their Kanguru FIPS and Common Criteria evaluated products meet the toughest and most demanding regulatory data security standards in the industry, providing the strongest option available for compliance.
Furthermore, having FIPS 140-2 and Common Criteria certifications completed together under the review of two separate countries (U.S. and Germany), Kanguru demonstrates its global commitment to excellence, and its pledge to deliver the best in trusted USB data security for clients.
See FIPS 140-2 Certified Drives


Hair loss becomes noticeable when there is a disruption in the natural growth process or the hair follicle itself stops reproducing either from being damaged or other factors.
Contact information and Free Ratings and Reviews for Doctor Maryam Shayesteh Alam - Barrie, Ontario.
Home taken off the market. View homes for sale near 26 Weymouth Road, Barrie, or learn if this home sold today!
Doctors near you Ontario Vasectomy Doctors Ontario No-Scalpel Vasectomy Doctors Welcome to our directory of Vasectomy doctors in Ontario. The following listings are made up of physicians who have registered on VasectomyMedical.com to let you know they perform vasectomy reversal and/or vasectomy in the province of Ontario.
This Lot Is A Short Walk To The Water With Deeded Water/Beach Access. Build Your Dream Home Among Other Gorgeous Houses! The Seller Makes No Representations Or Warranties On The Home And No Access Will Be Given Inside The Home.
WANTED - Hessenland Inn and Vineyard, hiring for upcoming 2019 growing season Live and work along the beautiful shores of Lake Huron between Grand Bend and Bayfield, Ontario! Situated in Ontario's emerging wine region "Huron Shores".
Ontario Golf Courses. A convenient listing of Golf Courses in Ontario with links to golf course websites, golf green fees, directions to golf courses, online golf booking, and current golf course promotions.


My name is Stober Churchill very cool and handsome i am easy going and very reserve i love music and like helping out.
Hnnn well i take life so easy utilize ever opportunity that comes my way each day.
Well am helpful and don't take nonsense.
This is reserved for me and my who would be wife.


Modern technology has the potential to radically transform your business – if applied correctly. The right IT infrastructure will ease your operational headaches while the wrong systems will make them worse.
The challenges you face are similar across the industry – how do we achieve GDPR compliance? How can we better secure our data? How will our systems grow in line with business demands? How does the Cloud fit into our business strategy?
If your business doesn't operate in the IT sector, answering these questions will be difficult. Or impossible. Without the right knowledge and expertise your IT infrastructure will suffer – holding your business back and increasing operating costs as you divert time and resources into fighting fires.
But there is a better way – IT consultancy services from Computers in the City.
Our expert consultants can provide all the help, advice and resources your business needs to build a system that overcomes each of these challenges. Our IT consultancy services will prepare your organisation to meet the challenges of the changing marketplace profitably.
Our consultants will help your business use new and existing technologies more effectively to reach strategic growth targets. Let us take care of the technical details while you reap the benefits.
Our engineers can troubleshoot IT problems, tuning infrastructure to provide maximum value and efficiency from your existing hardware and software. We can also help define a strategic roadmap, planning future upgrades and migration to Cloud services.
Data is one of your most valuable business assets, and it needs to be properly protected. The threat of massive fines for breaching the General Data Protection Regulation are a further incentive for strengthening defences. Our expert security consultants can help audit and test your security systems, and advise on potential improvements and enhancements to boost protection.
Cloud computing offers virtually unlimited capacity for growth – without capital spend. Our IT consultants will help you understand the available services, and how they can be applied to your IT strategy moving forwards.
Availability of data following a major system outage could be the deciding factor in your business survival. CitC consultants will help design and implement a backup and recovery system that will help your business survive a disaster – and get back up-and-running within a matter of minutes or hours.
In the information age, the speed at which you can access data has become a competitive advantage. Our expert network consultants can advise on how to improve bandwidth and availability, and to troubleshoot issues that affect performance.
Allow our team of experts to simplify the process of moving office. Our engineers will arrange for transfer of hardware and network infrastructure, and liaise with your telecoms provider to ensure Internet, phones and IT are ready the moment you move in.
Allow us to help identify and fix long term, low-level issues that could be limiting productivity or preventing your staff reaching their full potential. An expert IT support company like Computers In The City can provide help and advice for any of the most popular operating systems, applications and systems businesses in London use.
To learn more about how our IT consultancy services can help you reach your strategic goals, please get in touch.