text:
ANTI-ROLL VEHICLE SUSPENSION
An anti-roll suspension for a vehicle chassis having laterally spaced wheels, the suspension comprises an axle assembly for rotatably mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced wheels, a spring assembly supporting the chassis on each of the axle assemblies, a moveable arm connected between the spring and the chassis, and an anti-roll linkage connected between said chassis and the moveable arm of the axles of the suspension system being responsive to a lateral force on said chassis, and structured to translate lateral force on the chassis to a verticle force on the down force side of the chassis so that the anti-roll linkage simultaneously lift the down force side of the vehicle and lower the up force side of the vehicle.
Zadok, Adam (1623 South 56th Court Cicero, IL, 60804, US)
B60G3/06; B60G9/00; B60G11/16; B60G15/06; B60G17/02; B60G21/05; (IPC1-7): B60G21/05; B60G9/00; B60G3/06; B60G11/16; B60G15/07; B60G17/02
DE19704498A1 1998-04-16
GB1213795A 1970-11-25
DE807755C 1951-07-02
DE1201698B 1965-09-23
Baker, Freling (12625 High Bluff Drive, Suite 203 San Diego, CA, 92130, US)
CLAIMS I Claim
1. An antiroll suspension system for a vehicle chassis having at least two laterally spaced front wheels and two laterally spaced rear wheels, the suspension comprising: an axle assembly for mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced front wheels; an axle assembly for mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced rear wheels; a spring assembly for mounting the chassis on each of the axle assemblies; a moveable arm connected between each spring assembly and the chassis; and an antiroll linkage connected to said chassis and to said moveable arm, said anti said roll linkage structured to translate a lateral movement of the chassis to a vertical downward movement of said moveable arm to the spring on the down force side of the chassis and a vertical upward movement of said moveable arm to the spring on the up force side of the chassis so that the antiroll linkage simultaneously lifts the down force side of the chassis and lowers the up force side of the chassis.
2. An antiroll suspension according to claim 1 wherein said antiroll linkage comprises a bell crank for pivotal mounting to a vehicle chassis having one arm connected to an axle assembly, and a compensating link connecting another arm to said moveable arm for receiving and translating said lateral movement to said moveable arm.
3. An antiroll suspension according to claim 2 wherein said spring is a coil compression spring normally disposed in a substantially vertical orientation.
5. An antiroll suspension according to claim 4 wherein each of said axle assemblies is independently supported on said chassis.
6. An antiroll suspension according to claim 5 wherein each of said spring assemblies embodies a McPherson strut.
7. An antiroll suspension according to claim 5 wherein said antiroll linkage is interconnected between said laterally spaced wheels by a tie link.
8. An antiroll suspension according to claim 7 wherein: said laterally spaced wheels are front wheels; and a steering box for said front wheels is mounted on said tie link.
9. An antiroll suspension according to claim 4 wherein said moveable arm of each of said spring assemblies is a bell crank having one arm connected to an axle.
10. An antiroll suspension according to claim 9 wherein each of said spring assemblies is embodied in a double wishbone suspension.
11. An antiroll suspension according to claim 10 wherein a each of the double wishbone suspension includes an upper control arm and a lower control arm, and each control arm is attached to said chassis by a bell crank.
12. An antiroll suspension system for a vehicle chassis having at least two laterally spaced front wheels and two laterally spaced rear wheels, the suspension comprising: an axle assembly for mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced front wheels; an axle assembly for mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced rear wheels; a spring assembly for mounting the chassis on each of the axle assemblies; a moveable arm pivotally mounted on the chassis and connected to each spring assembly; and an antiroll linkage connected to said chassis and to said moveable arm, said antiroll linkage structured to translate a lateral movement of the chassis relative to an axle assembly to a vertical downward movement of said moveable arm to the spring on the down force side of the chassis and a vertical upward movement of said moveable arm to the spring on the up force side of the chassis so that the antiroll linkage simultaneously lifts the down force side of the chassis and lowers the up force side of the chassis.
13. An antiroll suspension according to claim 12 wherein said antiroll linkage comprises a bell crank for pivotal mounting to a vehicle chassis having one arm connected to support an axle assembly, and a compensating link connecting another arm to said moveable arm for receiving and translating said lateral movement to said moveable arm.
14. An antiroll suspension according to claim 13 wherein said spring is a coil compression spring normally disposed in a substantially vertical orientation.
15. An antiroll suspension according to claim 14 wherein each of said axle assemblies is independently supported on said chassis.
16. An antiroll suspension according to claim 15 wherein each of said spring assemblies embodies a McPherson strut.
17. An antiroll suspension according to claim 14 wherein said antiroll linkage is interconnected between said laterally spaced wheels by a tie link.
18. An antiroll suspension according to claim 17 wherein: said laterally spaced wheels are front wheels; and a steering box for said front wheels is mounted on said tie link.
19. An antiroll suspension according to claim 17 wherein said moveable arm of each of said spring assemblies is a bell crank having one arm connected to an axle.
20. An antiroll suspension according to claim 19 wherein: each of said spring assemblies is embodied in a double wishbone suspension; each of the double wishbone suspension includes an upper control arm and a lower control arm; and each control arm is attached to said chassis by a bell crank.
ANTI-ROLL VEHICLE SUSPENSION TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention generally relates to automotive vehicle suspension systems, and pertains more particularly, to an automotive suspension system with means that is responsive to the inertial forces on the vehicle chassis to load the download side of the suspension for limiting vehicle body roll.
BACKGROUND ART A typical automotive vehicle has a body or chassis formed with an enclosed operator and passenger compartment with the body being resiliently supported by a suspension system on wheel assemblies that carry it over generally horizontal surface road and street surfaces. An automotive vehicle may be driven through the rear wheels, the front wheels or both. It typically has steerable front wheels and non-steerable rear wheels. The suspension system normally employs springs to support the body on the wheel assemblies, and with damping means in the form of hydraulic cylinders that act to dampen oscillations and movements of the body relative to the wheel assemblies.
The construction of the suspension system is often a compromise between a soft suspension for providing a soft ride for passenger comfort over rough roads and the like and a stiff suspension, which enhances the safety and stability of the vehicle. A stiffer suspension transfers more shock of the suspension to the chassis and offers less comfort to passengers but increases the stability of the vehicle. When the typical vehicle enters a turn the resulting centrifugal forces acting on the vehicle tends to roll the vehicle body about its roll center relative to the underlying suspension system. This centrifugal force also tends to displace the body laterally, outwardly tending to cause the vehicle to pivot about the contact of its outer wheels with the road surface.
The construction of a vehicle body and the configuration of the vehicle suspension systems determine the location of the roll center. In a conventional vehicle, the roll center of the vehicle is typically below the center of mass or gravity of the vehicle. Centrifugal forces tending to roll the vehicle body act on a lever arm or through a lever arm determined by the vertical distance between the center of gravity and the roll center. This is known as the roll couple.
As a body moves through a turn the body tends to roll and shift the weight onto the outer wheels and springs while simultaneously unloading the inner suspension springs thereby reducing the cornering traction of the vehicle. The body also tilts or rolls toward the outside of the curve shifting the center of mass of the vehicle toward the outside of the curve. The rolling of the body about its roll center when negotiating a turn is discomforting to operator and passengers. Stiffer suspensions which tend to reduce this tendency to roll also subjects the passengers and operator to the jolting and jarring of rough roads.
A number of approaches to overcoming this tendency of the vehicle to roll during cornering have been proposed in the past. One approach has been to provide the vehicle with anti-sway bars in the form of torsion bars between the two sides of the suspension. This approach helps reduce roll but is not satisfactory.
Another approach has been to provide the vehicle with linkage system powered by electric motors to selectively tilt the inwardly during cornering. Such a system is disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,152, 938.
Other attempts at solving the cornering problems have provided for the wheels of the vehicle to tilt into a curve. These have been powered by various means such as electrical and hydraulic systems, One such system that is powered or controlled by the steering of the vehicle is disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,787, 473. These systems are generally complicated and expensive.
Others have attempted to overcome this problem by designing the suspension system so that the roll center of the vehicle is disposed above its center of its gravity. Most of these systems are complicated and expensive. These systems also have other serious drawbacks.
Accordingly there is a need for an improved anti-roll suspension system that over comes the above problems of the above prior art.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION The present invention solves the problem of excessive vehicle body roll. Broadly, the present invention provides a suspension system having a linkage that translates lateral body movement into a lift force on the down load side of the body.
More specifically, one embodiment of the invention comprises an anti-roll suspension for a vehicle chassis having at least two laterally spaced wheels, wherein the suspension comprises an axle assembly for rotatably mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced wheels, a spring assembly supporting the chassis on each of the axle assemblies, a moveable arm connected between the spring and the chassis, and an anti-roll linkage connected between said chassis and the moveable arm of the axles of the suspension system being responsive to a lateral force on said chassis, and structured to translate lateral force on the chassis to a vertical force on the down force side of the chassis so that the anti-roll linkage simultaneously lift the down force side of the vehicle and lowers the up force side of the vehicle. However, the claims alone, not the preceding summary, define the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The nature, goals, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the following detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing-illustrating by way of examples the principles of the invention - in which like reference numerals identify like elements throughout wherein: FIG. 1 is a front elevation view a vehicle shown in phantom showing the front of one embodiment of the invention showing the vehicle body in a static condition; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one side of the embodiment of Fig. 1; FIG. 3 is a view like Fig. 1 showing the condition of the front suspension with the vehicle in a turn; FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the rear of the vehicle Fig. 1 and the embodiment of the invention showing the vehicle body in a static condition; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one side of the embodiment of Fig. 4; FIG. 6 is a view like Fig. 4 of the invention showing the condition of the rear suspension with the vehicle in a turn; and FIG. 7 is a view like Fig. 1 showing of an alternate embodiment of the rear suspension in a static condition.
FIG. 8 is a view like FIG. 6 of the embodiment of Fig. 7 showing the condition of the rear suspension with the vehicle in a turn.
It will be recognized that some or all of the Figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration and do not necessarily depict the actual relative sizes or locations of the elements shown.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the following paragraphs, the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the attached drawings. In the description, the parts and components of the present invention, which are the same, will be referred to by the same or similar reference symbols.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs. hi event the definition in this section is not consistent with definitions elsewhere, the definitions set forth in this section will control.
Throughout this description, the preferred embodiment and examples shown should be considered as exemplars, rather than as limitations on the present invention. As shown in the drawing for purposes of illustration, a suspension system according to the invention provides a rapid loading of the down load side springs in response to a lateral force on the vehicle chassis such as in a turn to reduce or eliminate roll of the vehicle body. A suspension system according to the invention provides a more comfortable ride for operator and passengers by reducing or eliminating roll of the body as the vehicle negotiates turns. The suspension system of this invention is also simple and easily fabricated and installed with little or no alteration in existing vehicle design.
Referring to Figs. 1-3, an anti-roll suspension system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention for a front suspension of a vehicle is illustrated and designated generally by the numeral 10. The suspension system is shown supporting the front of a typical automotive vehicle with the vehicle chassis or body 12 shown in phantom. The anti-roll suspension system is devised for a vehicle chassis having two laterally spaced independently sprung steerable front wheels. The front wheels may be driven, even though the drive is not shown herein. The suspension system comprises an axle assembly 14 for independently and rotatably mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced wheels 16.
The vehicle chassis 12 is supported on each of the axle assemblies by a McPherson strut including a coil compression spring 18 and a hydraulic damping cylinder assembly 20. The strut is directly secured at the lower end to axle 14 and at the upper end to an upper an ann 22 at a pivot pin 24. Upper arm 22 is pivotally connected by a suitable pivot pin or the like at 26 directly to the chassis or body of a vehicle. A lower control arm assembly or unit 28 is connected at an outer end at pivot 30 to wheel axle assembly 14 and at an inner end by floating pin 32 to a bell crank type lever 34 mounted at a pivot 36 to the vehicle chassis.
Bell crank 34 has a short arm 38 and a long arm 40. Lower control arm 28 is pivotally connected to the short arm 38 of bell crank type lever 34. A compensating link 42 is connected at a lower end at 44 to the arm 40 of bell crank 34 and at the upper end at 46 to lever or upper control arm 22. This link translates rotary movement of bell crank 34 to a movement of lever 22 to compress or relax spring 18. Bell crank 34 rotates in response to any lateral movement of the vehicle chassis toward or away from the wheels. The opposite side of the vehicle chassis is supported on an identical suspension with all components identified by the same reference numerals. A connecting link or bar 48 is pivotally connected at 32 to each short or lower arm 38 of each bell crank of each wheel suspension assembly. This bar or link ties compensating linkage of both sides of the suspension system together to work together in countering any tendency of the chassis to roll when cornering. In the instant system the link serves to translate a movement of the chassis and the moveable arm of the axles of the suspension system to a vertical force on the down force side of the chassis so that the anti-roll linkage simultaneously lift the down force side of the vehicle and lower the up force side of the vehicle.
A steering box 50 is mounted on and carried by tie bar 48 connected between the levers 34 of the two front wheel assemblies. The steering box may be either hydraulic or rack and pinion and will have the usual connection such as a shaft or hydraulic line (not shown) from the steering wheel for operation thereof. The steering box is connected by steering link to a steering arm on each of the wheel assemblies. This mounts the steering box to remain and move with the wheels rather than move with the chassis. This mounting avoids the introduction of movement of the chassis relative to the wheels into the steering of the wheels.
Referring to FIG. 3 it will be seen that the suspension system wheel assemblies are tied together by a tie link or bar 48 and will function together through the compensating linkage when the vehicle is in a turn. As shown in FIG. 3 the action of the suspension system of the present invention in a turn is illustrated. The vehicle, shown in a left turn, remains substantially level as the suspension system functions through the compensating linkage to maintain the vehicle chassis level as the vehicle passes through a turn. As shown the front of a vehicle in a severe left turn is illustrated with the chassis shifted to the left relative to the axle and wheels of the vehicle. This movement of the vehicle chassis actuates the linkage with the movement translated by the linkage to action on the springs and a resultant maintenance of the chassis in a level condition. As will be appreciated the center of mass of the vehicle body or chassis will be above the center of axles 14 and in a severe left-hand turn as illustrated will shift to the left and will also tend to roll counter-clockwise about it's center of rotation. The center of rotation may not be located at the center of mass of the chassis but it most likely will be below the center of mass.
The movement of the vehicle into a turn as illustrated will result in the body or chassis shifting to the right relative to the axle of the vehicle thereby imposing a force Fl to the left on pivot connection 36 of the levers 34. Simultaneously a force F2 will be imposed to the right by the link48 and arms 28 from the axle on the pivot 32 of the small arm of the lever 34. These forces will impose a counter-clockwise rotation or pivoting of the lever 34 about its pivot point or joint 36 thereby imposing a downward force F3 on the left-hand spring as viewed in FIG. 3, and an upward force on the pivot pin 24 of the right-hand lever 22. This action will simultaneously load the compression spring 18 on the left and unload the compression spring 18 on the right counteracting the tendency of the body of the vehicle to roll to the left.
As will be appreciated, compression springs increase in resistance with increasing displacement. Therefore, the greater displacement of the spring on the left increases the lift or support by that spring on the vehicle body. Simultaneously the extension of the spring on the right reduces the lift or support by that spring and simultaneously allows the right side of the body to remain in place or drop down thus reducing the roll of the body to the left. This results in a counteraction of the tendency of the vehicle to roll and thereby maintains the vehicle body or chassis substantially level as the vehicle goes through a turn. The response of the suspension to bumps or obstacles and depressions in the roadway is similar and maintains the vehicle body in a level condition.
Referring to Figs. 4-6, a rear suspension system substantially identical to that of Figs. 1-3 is illustrated and applied to the rear of the vehicle chassis 12. The same reference numerals are used to identify the same or identical components and the same number primed will identify modified components. It will be seen that the major portion of the suspension system and compensating linkage system from bell cranks 34 outward and upward is the same as in the prior embodiment. The main difference in the suspension is that the wheels in this embodiment are fixed and not steerable. Thus, the axles are different and the steering is absent. No drive train is shown to the wheels as either front or rear wheels may be driven with little or no alteration in the suspension.
A tie bar or link 48'is connected between the short arms of the bell cranks 34 of the compensating linkage. The tie bar is independent and does not carry a steering box as in the front suspension embodiment. The lower control arms 28'will also differ in that pivoting at the axle will be about a pin 30'about a horizontal axis rather than a vertical or ball joint as in the front system.
As shown in FIG. 6 the action of this embodiment of the suspension system of the present invention as viewed from the rear in a severe left turn is illustrated. The vehicle, shown in a left turn, remains substantially level as the suspension system functions through the compensating linkage to maintain the vehicle chassis level as the vehicle passes through a turn as in the previously described embodiment. As shown from the rear of the vehicle in a severe left turn the chassis is shifted to the right relative to the axle and wheels of the vehicle. This movement of the vehicle chassis actuates the linkage with the movement translated by the linkage to a loading of the springs and a resultant maintenance of the chassis in a level condition.
The center of mass of the vehicle body or chassis will be above the center of axles 14'and in a left-hand turn as illustrated will shift to the right and will also tend to roll clockwise about its center of rotation. The center of rotation will be below the center of mass.
The movement of the vehicle into a left turn as illustrated will result in the body or chassis shifting to the right relative to the wheels and axles of the vehicle thereby imposing a force F1'to the right on pivot connection 36 of the levers 34. Simultaneously a force F2'will be imposed to the left by the link 48'and on lever arm 38 from the axle on the small arm 38 of the lever 34. These forces will impose a clockwise rotation or pivoting of the lever 34 about its pivot point or joint 36 thereby imposing a downward force F3'on the right-hand spring as viewed in FIG. 6, and an upward force on the pivot pin 24 of the left-hand lever 22. This action will simultaneously load the compression spring 18 on the right and unload the compression spring 18 on the left counteracting the tendency of the body of the vehicle to roll to the right.
The linkage magnifies the movement of the chassis and transfers that movement to the load connection of the chassis to the support on the springs. In other words the compression of the springs are magnified when the chassis is in a turn.
Fig. 6 also illustrates the forces acting on the vehicle body as a result of the centrifugal forces from changing direction such as going into and through a turn. Centrifugal force will act on the body to the right as a result of the change in direction with a ground force to the left acting on the tires at the point of contact with the ground or road surface. This will result in a lifting force on the left side of the body and a down force on the right side of the body tending to roll it about its roll center or axis. These forces are countered by a counter-correcting force of the suspension system with its linkage system thus, maintaining the vehicle chassis and body in a substantially level condition.
Referring to Figs. 7-8, an alternate embodiment of a rear suspension system similar to that of Figs. 4-6 is illustrated and designated by the numeral 60. The suspension system is shown supporting the rear of a typical automotive vehicle with the vehicle chassis or body 62 shown in phantom. The anti-roll suspension system is devised for a vehicle chassis having two laterally spaced independently sprung rear wheels. The wheels may be driven, even though the drive is not shown herein. The suspension system comprises an axle assembly 64 for independently and rotatably mounting each of a pair of laterally spaced wheels 66.
The vehicle chassis 62 is supported on each of the axle assemblies by a strut assembly including a coil compression spring 68 and a hydraulic damping cylinder assembly 70. The axles are moveably connected to the chassis by an upper control arm 72 and a lower control arm 74. This is typically called a double wishbone suspension. The strut is directly secured at the lower end to lower control arm 74 and at the upper end to an upper an arm 80 at a pivot pin 102.
Upper control arm 72 is pivotally connected at an outer end by a suitable pivot pin or the like at 76 to the axle 64 and at an inner end at pivot 78 to a lever 80. Lever 80 is pivotally connected at 82 directly to the chassis or body of the vehicle and at an outer end of a long arm at 84 to the top of spring 68. Upper lever 80 is a bell crank and is pivotally connected between its arms by a suitable pivot pin or the like at 82 directly to the chassis or body of vehicle 62.
Lower control arm assembly or unit 74 is connected at an outer end at pivot 86 to wheel axle assembly 64 and at an inner end by floating pin 88 to a bell crank type lever 90 mounted at a pivot 92 to the vehicle chassis. Bell crank 90 has a downward extending short arm 94 and an outward extending long arm 96. Lower control arm 74 is pivotally connected to the short arm 94 of bell crank type lever 96. A compensating link 98 is connected at a lower end at 100 to the arm 96 of bell crank 90 and at the upper end at 102 to upper lever or arm 80. This link translates rotary movement of bell crank 90 to a movement of lever 80 to compress or relax spring 68.
Bell crank 90 rotates in response to any lateral movement of the vehicle chassis relative to toward or away from the wheels. The opposite side of the vehicle chassis is supported on an identical suspension with all components identified by the same reference numerals. A connecting link or bar 104 is pivotally connected at 88 to each short or lower arm 94 of each bell crank of each wheel suspension assembly. This bar or link ties compensating linkage of both sides of the suspension system together to work together in countering any tendency of the chassis to roll when cornering. In this system the compensating link serves to translate a movement of the chassis and the moveable arm of the axles of the suspension system to a vertical force on the down force side of the chassis so that the anti-roll linkage simultaneously lift the down force side of the vehicle and lower the up force side of the vehicle.
As shown in FIG. 8 the action of the suspension system of the present invention in a turn is illustrated and functions as in prior embodiments. The vehicle, shown in a left turn, remains substantially level as the suspension system functions through the compensating linkage to maintain the vehicle chassis level as the vehicle passes through a turn. As shown the rear of a vehicle in a severe left turn is illustrated with the chassis shifted to the right relative to the axle and wheels of the vehicle. This movement of the vehicle chassis actuates the linkage with the movement of the chassis translated by the linkage to action on the springs and a resultant maintenance of the chassis in a level condition. As previously discussed the center of mass of the vehicle body or chassis will be above the center of axles 64 and in a severe hand turn as illustrated will shift to the right and will also tend to roll clockwise about its center of rotation.
The center of rotation most likely will be below the center of mass.
The movement of the vehicle into a left turn as illustrated will result in the body or chassis shifting to the right relative to the wheels and axles of the vehicle thereby imposing a force to the right on pivot connection 92 of the levers 90. Simultaneously a force will be imposed to the left by the link 104 and on lever arm 94 from the axle on the arm of the lever 90.
These forces will impose a clockwise rotation or pivoting of the lever 90 about its pivot point or joint 92 thereby imposing a downward force on the right-hand spring as viewed in FIG. 8, and an upward force on the pivot pin 82 of the left-hand lever 80. This action will simultaneously load the compression spring 68 on the right and unload the compression spring 68 on the left counteracting the tendency of the body of the vehicle to roll to the right. The linkage magnifies the movement of the chassis and transfers that movement to the load connection of the chassis to the support on the springs. In other words the compression of the springs is magnified when the chassis is in a turn.
Fig. 8 also illustrates the forces acting on the vehicle body as a result of the centrifugal forces from any changing of direction such as going into and through a turn. Centrifugal forces acting on the body to the right as a result of the change in direction will be countered by a ground force to the left acting on the tires at the point of contact with the ground or road surface.
This will result in a lifting force on the left side of the body and a down force on the right side of the body tending to roll it about its roll center or axis. These forces are countered by a counter- correcting force of the suspension system with its linkage system thus, maintaining the vehicle chassis and body in a substantially level condition.
In the instant system the link serves to translate a movement of the chassis and the moveable arm of the axles of the suspension system to a vertical force on the down force side of the chassis so that the anti-roll linkage simultaneously lift the down force side of the vehicle and lowers the up force side of the vehicle. While certain preferred embodiments have been described above, it is to be understood that a latitude of modification and substitution is intended in the foregoing disclosure, and that these modifications and substitutions are within the literal scope, or are equivalent to, the claims that follow.
Accordingly, it is appropriate that the following claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and scope of the invention herein described.
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text:
Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems
A.J. Ron, de
Because of the financial risks as a result of the high investments, decisions concerning investing in advanced manufacturing systems are difficult. The difficulty to decide is gained by the lack of a well-defined measure to support decisions and alarming messages from the industry concerning inverse phenomena upon efforts to improve the productivity. Although economical measures are used to evaluate production systems, it is argued that these measures result in wrong conclusions. Being an economic measure, the productivity is not an adequate measure to determine the manufacturing performance. As is described, the competitive performance should be the measure to support management decisions. Such a measure depends upon a lot of specialized performance measures, like economic performance, technical performance, etc. In practice, the technical measures described in the literature are inadequate to determine the technical performance. Therefore, a measure for the technical performance is introduced which is clear, timely and relevant for the shop floor and the operating departments, and which can be used to compare design alternatives of production systems and to control the production process. The economic measure (productivity) and the technical measure (transformation factor) have been used to design a new bottling line in practice. The development of the designs shows that not one measure should be considered but a combination of measures, resulting in the competitive performance. Keywords: Performance measure; Production systems; Productivity
International Journal of Production Economics
Dive into the research topics of 'Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Measure Social Sciences 100%
Measurer Engineering 85%
Economics Economics, Econometrics and Finance 42%
Manufacturing System Economics, Econometrics and Finance 35%
Technical Arts and Humanities 35%
Gas Fuel Manufacture Engineering 28%
Productivity Engineering 28%
Ron, de, A. J. (1995). Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems. International Journal of Production Economics, 41(1-3), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5273(95)00071-2
Ron, de, A.J. / Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems. In: International Journal of Production Economics. 1995 ; Vol. 41, No. 1-3. pp. 147-160.
@article{e303b91967874c84a8d318263d0c175e,
title = "Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems",
abstract = "Because of the financial risks as a result of the high investments, decisions concerning investing in advanced manufacturing systems are difficult. The difficulty to decide is gained by the lack of a well-defined measure to support decisions and alarming messages from the industry concerning inverse phenomena upon efforts to improve the productivity. Although economical measures are used to evaluate production systems, it is argued that these measures result in wrong conclusions. Being an economic measure, the productivity is not an adequate measure to determine the manufacturing performance. As is described, the competitive performance should be the measure to support management decisions. Such a measure depends upon a lot of specialized performance measures, like economic performance, technical performance, etc. In practice, the technical measures described in the literature are inadequate to determine the technical performance. Therefore, a measure for the technical performance is introduced which is clear, timely and relevant for the shop floor and the operating departments, and which can be used to compare design alternatives of production systems and to control the production process. The economic measure (productivity) and the technical measure (transformation factor) have been used to design a new bottling line in practice. The development of the designs shows that not one measure should be considered but a combination of measures, resulting in the competitive performance. Keywords: Performance measure; Production systems; Productivity",
author = "{Ron, de}, A.J.",
journal = "International Journal of Production Economics",
Ron, de, AJ 1995, 'Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems', International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 41, no. 1-3, pp. 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5273(95)00071-2
Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems. / Ron, de, A.J.
In: International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 41, No. 1-3, 1995, p. 147-160.
T1 - Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems
AU - Ron, de, A.J.
N2 - Because of the financial risks as a result of the high investments, decisions concerning investing in advanced manufacturing systems are difficult. The difficulty to decide is gained by the lack of a well-defined measure to support decisions and alarming messages from the industry concerning inverse phenomena upon efforts to improve the productivity. Although economical measures are used to evaluate production systems, it is argued that these measures result in wrong conclusions. Being an economic measure, the productivity is not an adequate measure to determine the manufacturing performance. As is described, the competitive performance should be the measure to support management decisions. Such a measure depends upon a lot of specialized performance measures, like economic performance, technical performance, etc. In practice, the technical measures described in the literature are inadequate to determine the technical performance. Therefore, a measure for the technical performance is introduced which is clear, timely and relevant for the shop floor and the operating departments, and which can be used to compare design alternatives of production systems and to control the production process. The economic measure (productivity) and the technical measure (transformation factor) have been used to design a new bottling line in practice. The development of the designs shows that not one measure should be considered but a combination of measures, resulting in the competitive performance. Keywords: Performance measure; Production systems; Productivity
AB - Because of the financial risks as a result of the high investments, decisions concerning investing in advanced manufacturing systems are difficult. The difficulty to decide is gained by the lack of a well-defined measure to support decisions and alarming messages from the industry concerning inverse phenomena upon efforts to improve the productivity. Although economical measures are used to evaluate production systems, it is argued that these measures result in wrong conclusions. Being an economic measure, the productivity is not an adequate measure to determine the manufacturing performance. As is described, the competitive performance should be the measure to support management decisions. Such a measure depends upon a lot of specialized performance measures, like economic performance, technical performance, etc. In practice, the technical measures described in the literature are inadequate to determine the technical performance. Therefore, a measure for the technical performance is introduced which is clear, timely and relevant for the shop floor and the operating departments, and which can be used to compare design alternatives of production systems and to control the production process. The economic measure (productivity) and the technical measure (transformation factor) have been used to design a new bottling line in practice. The development of the designs shows that not one measure should be considered but a combination of measures, resulting in the competitive performance. Keywords: Performance measure; Production systems; Productivity
JO - International Journal of Production Economics
JF - International Journal of Production Economics
Ron, de AJ. Measure of manufacturing performance in advanced manufacturing systems. International Journal of Production Economics. 1995;41(1-3):147-160. doi: 10.1016/0925-5273(95)00071-2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Want to Know More About Non-Prescription Reader Glasses Near Lockport IL?
There are several types of reader glasses you can get in Lockport including non-prescription reader glasses. In case you are new to needing glasses for reading or working close-up, then you will most likely need a pair of women's or men's reading glasses. Once you have tried out readers, you may be looking for a product a bit more custom to your use in Illinois.
As we grow older, our eyes have greater trouble focusing clearly on various distances, a condition known as presbyopia. Bifocals help people who have difficulty with both far- and near-sightedness with lenses that come with two distinct optical strengths – one for long range, one for close up work.
A distinct disadvantage of bifocals is that there isn't a correction for mid- distance vision, including working at a computer. This can cause headaches or eye strain.
Safeguarding your eye sight while outdoors is very important and is particularly crucial if you are reading a book or newspaper in the bright sunlight. There are reading sunglasses that you can buy that will shield your eyes against page glare. They are likewise available in many fashionable looks to make sure that you can enjoy the latest best-seller at the beach without compromising your sense of style.
Bifocal reader sunglasses are also easily available in many styles and color options. These have the double benefit of enabling you to read in the sun and delight in the surroundings without changing to normal sunglasses.
Magnetic readers, also known as Clics, come apart at the nose bridge and magnetically reattach at the bridge. They have a built in glasses keeper that allows them to drape around your neck for handiness. Clics are the answer to constantly having your reading glasses nearby even though you don't have a pocket to put them inside.
When you don't have much space, folding readers fit the bill. These compact folding reader glasses fit inside a small handbag or pocket and are clever alternatives that typically come with a mini carrying case that fits in practically just about anywhere.
Also called trifocals, progressive reading glasses have multiple eyeglass strengths all within one pair. These have no lines and allow the wearer to see properly regardless if they are carrying out close work, intermediate range work or need to see clearly far away.
Readers may be purchased at most any price point from $1 to many hundreds of dollars for designer reading glasses. In case you are just starting to need reading glasses, your eye physician may tell you to buy a cheap pair of readers until your eyesight weakens to the point where you need custom made reading glasses.
The less expensive glasses allow you to have a number of pairs so that you aren't too worried about damaging or losing them.
The drawbacks of cheap readers are that the frames are usually not stylish, both lenses have the identical correction and the optical center of the lenses is not precisely tailored to your eyes. Should you experience headaches, nausea or notice significant eye strain, it is best to check with your eye physician to determine if you may need to progress to a custom prescription pair of readers.
Reading glasses especially engineered for computer screens are referred to as computer glasses. Computer screens emit blue light which may be damaging to your eyes just as UV rays can. If you work in front of computer screens all day, or you are worried about the side effects of blue light on your son's or daughter's eyes, you should get these types of "blue blockers". Either prescription or non-prescription computer readers include standard anti-reflective lenses to minimize eye strain and provide 100% UV shielding.
An additional option is to buy glasses with photochromic lenses that also shield from blue light and UV light. This kind of lense darkens automatically and can be used like reader sunglasses. These types of glasses are generally custom-made.
The best men's reading glasses and the best women's reading glasses in Lockport, IL are the type that give you the clear eyesight you seek without the downsides. Headaches, eye fatigue and blurry vision are signs that you don't have the right glasses to do the job right. Take your time selecting your Non-Prescription Reader Glasses and you will be able to find the best solution to better reading vision.


fmi_adapter is a small ROS 2 package for wrapping functional mockup units (FMUs) for co-simulation of physical models into ROS nodes. FMUs are defined in the FMI standard. Currently, this package supports co-simulation FMUs according to the FMI 2.0 standard only.
fmi_adapter provides a ROS node fmi_adapter_node (class FMIAdapterNode derived from LifecycleNode), which takes an FMU and creates subscribers and publishers for the input and output variables of the FMU, respectively. Then, it runs the FMU's solver with a user-definable update period. This approach is illustrated in the following diagram.
The fmi_adapter_node also searches for counterparts for each FMU parameter and variable in the ROS node parameters and initializes the FMU correspondingly.
Please see the README.md of the fmi_adapter_examples package for a step-by-step description how to use the fmi_adapter_node with a damped pendulum model and FMU.
For parsing the XML description of an FMU and for running the FMU's solver, fmi_adapter uses the C library FMI Library. This library is downloaded, compiled and linked in the CMakeLists.txt of this package using cmake's externalproject_add command.
Step 1: Include the FMIAdapter.hpp from the fmi_adapter package in your C++ code.
Use adapter->getInputVariableNames() to get a list of all input variables.
Use adapter->getOutputVariableNames() to get a list of all output variables.
The function adapter->initializeFromROSParameters(get_node_parameters_interface()) may be used to initialize all parameters from the corresponding ROS parameters. Please note that all characters in the FMU parameter names that are not supported by ROS are replaced by an '_', cf. FMIAdapter::rosifyName(name).
Step 6: As last setup step, exit the FMU's initialization mode and set the ROS time that refers to the FMU's internal timepoint 0.0.
Fixed install target location of shared library.
Improved code snippets on use of FMIAdapter class in README.
Added explicit target dependencies for parallel building.
Please see the README.md of the fmi_adapter_examples package for a step-by-step description how to use the fmi_adapter node with a damped pendulum model and FMU.
The function adapter.initializeFromROSParameters(nodeHandle) may be used to initialize all parameters from the corresponding ROS parameters. Please note that all characters in the FMU parameter names that are not supported by ROS are replaced by an '_', cf. FMIAdapter::rosifyName(name).
Added parameter to configure update period of fmi_adapter node.
Introduced functions for single step and replaced calcUntil with doStepsUntil.
Enable automatic use of default experiment step-size from FMU in FMIAdapter ctor.
Added function to query default experiment step-size given in the FMU.
Added step_size parameter and function to query whether the FMU supports a variable communication step size.
Throwing runtime_error in case of failed fmi2 function call.


The Craftex Sharon Brush 5055 is an excellent professional grade push along carpet cleaning machine for routine cleaning of small to medium areas of carpet, hard floor and upholstery. Adjusting between tasks is easy, and can be achieved by altering the brush height ensuring a great clean is achieved every time.
The push along system means that there is no bending over involved when cleaning carpets and hard floors, simply pull the machine along and your carpets will be cleaned.
The Sharon Brush comes supplied with all the accessories and tools required for both floor cleaning and upholstery cleaning. The supplied accessory kit includes a 5081 Hand Tool for upholstery and 2.5 meters (5081) extension hose.
You can buy the Sharon Brush with confidence as it is supplied with a 12 Month warranty.


Post-Stroke recovery is a challenge. Home Care Assistance can help.
A stroke can be an extremely challenging medical event to cope with and recover from; patients must simultaneously overcome physical, cognitive and emotional challenges and many stroke survivors report frustrations with the recovery process. In a recent survey of over 1000 stroke survivors, over 40% felt somewhat or not very successful in meeting their rehabilitation goals and 38% felt they lacked information relevant to their recovery. Regardless of the severity of your stroke, it is critical to take a proactive and informed approach to your post- stroke care. While leaving the hospital setting can be daunting, the return home is a major step in the recovery process and should be seen as a positive event. The information in this guide will help you understand and manage the post-stroke recovery process and ease your transition home.
Follow the advice of experts.
Even after you transition home, it is critical to maintain regular appointments with your doctors, especially your neurologist. Typically, post-stroke patients visit their neurologist at least once every six weeks early in the recovery. However, over half of stroke survivors fail to comply with recommended follow- up visits and do not see any specialists during their recovery.
Adapt your home to your needs.
Depending on the severity of your stroke, you may require medical equipment such as a walker, a wheelchair or a hospital bed in the home. In addition, your home may be require safety modifications before you can feel comfortable. Your doctors, therapists and discharge planners should be able to advise you on the equipment you will need at home.
Follow up on your blood work.
Because strokes are caused by a reduction in blood flow to the brain, your physician will usually prescribe anticoagulants to facilitate your recovery. The dosage is adjusted based on your blood flow, so regular blood testing is critical to ensuring a safe and accurate dosage. Your doctors will advise you on the proper procedure and timing for your blood work.
We all value our independence and many of us are accustomed to an active lifestyle. However, anyone recovering from a stroke must understand that the recovery process cannot be rushed. Your brain is gradually rebuilding damaged synapses, which can cause mental fogginess or a sense of mild confusion. Your body is recovering as well and activities that were once routine, such as walking or hand movement, may present new physical challenges. Understand that you can take steps to address them. Receiving support from a caregiver or a loved one can help with your physical needs and memory exercises such as keeping an activity notebook can improve cognitive function.
Though you should never endanger yourself or risk your recovery by doing too much too soon, it is important that you attempt basic tasks with which you feel comfortable. Your efforts will facilitate your physical recovery and small accomplishments can provide a big mental boost and propel you toward your long-term goals. Take incremental steps and utilize support from family or caregivers for daily activities that pose a challenge.
Though your therapy needs (physical, occupational or speech) may vary, it is important to start therapy as soon as possible and remain consistent with your appointments and recommended exercises. Though your initial therapy sessions may be trying, maintain focus on your long-term goals. Your therapists are trained professionals who have helped numerous post-stroke patients and can act as expert guides in the critical weeks following a stroke.
It is important to limit your intake of fat, cholesterol and sodium to prevent unnecessary stress on your body. It may be tempting to indulge in comfort foods, but a balanced diet is essential to a healthy recovery. It is also important to maintain a regular meal schedule, even though you may not be hungry. Proper nutrition and caloric intake give your body the energy it needs to heal.
See what a difference active, fully-involved client care management can make!
Home Care Assistance takes pride in providing the highest level of care for our clients. Our entire team, including our care managers, are on call 24/7 for our clients' needs. You can always reach us if there's a concern, an emergency or an urgent need for additional care. Our team of dedicated professionals is committed to the well-being of our clients, and we make ourselves available for regular home visits, family updates, and in-home care assessments. Home Care Assistance has, on average, one team member in the office for every ten to fifteen active clients. Compared to other companies that have half as many care managers in the office, we can be much more flexible and responsive to your needs. See what a difference our care management can make.


Home » Period from hell!
I have always had really bad periods. I normally feel light headed, bloated, tired and my overall energy levels go down, about a week before my period starts. Day 1-3 of my period I am normally feeling bad cramps, moody, low depressed feeling and I sometimes get sickness and diarrhea.
Last month, when I found out that my IVF was not able to go ahead because of a thickened uterus lining, I decided I would do some research. I have been waiting for my date to get my hysteroscopy, so they can investigate further. In the meantime I have decided to see if diet can help reduce the uterus lining. In attempting to do this, I have cut out dairy and increased my vegetable intake. I have also increased my fibre. You can read more about my diet plan on this blog.
I will not know if my diet has helped my uterus lining, until I go for my scan. However so far I can tell you, I have felt much better. My skin has improved, my mood has lifted, my energy levels have raised. I was intrigued to see what my next period would be like. Well It has now been, so I can fill you in.
I normally have a week lead up to my period, with light cramps, tiredness, mood swings ect. This month I had none of that. I did however have a very light bleed for two days and then my period started fully. Day 1 - 3 of my period has been really heavy and I have had really bad cramps. This morning I woke at 4am and didn't really get back to sleep at all. I was on the toilet with really bad cramps and diarrhea. I felt so sick, but luckily I wasn't sick. This lasted for about 2-3 hours. It was so horrible. I was in so much pain screaming and crying. It felt so good once it had passed!
I'm hoping that this heavy period is a good thing? Maybe it means more of my lining has come away this month, causing it to get thinner? This is what I hope. I welcome any feedback or advice anyone may have.


text:
Open This Saturday
Are You Social?
Reminder - Open July 19
News from the Interior Museum
Open on Saturday,
The Indian Craft Shop is open Monday through Friday from 8:30AM to 4:30PM, and the third Saturday of the month from 10:00AM to 4:00PM. The Shop is closed on federal holidays.
A photo ID is needed for entrance to the building. During weekdays, visitors may use either the C Street or E Street entrances (E Street is closed for Metro riders). Handicap access ramps are available at both entrances. During Saturday hours, visitors must use the C Street entrance.
Farragut West (Blue and Orange Line) and Farragut North (Red Line) are the closest metro stops. It is a six-block walk, or you can ride an 80 or S1 bus to 19th and C streets. There is metered parking on the street and several parking lots within a few blocks.
SAVE THIS NEWSLETTER
This newsletter is available as a downloadable PDF.
The heat and humidity have been with us full force in many parts of the country - how thankful we are for occasional breezes, the cooler evenings and air conditioning! We hope all of you are enjoying your summertime schedules, family, events, art fairs and everything you love about summertime!
WHAT'S NEW AT THE SHOP AND ONLINE
We've had new arrivals of pottery, jewelry, miniature Navajo weavings, folk art and fetish carvings, and we've just recently opened a package from Jerry Laktonen (Alutiiq) with a most wonderful Octopus mask.
Small and large packages arrive throughout the year so any time is a good time to come in to the Shop. And, as always, we continue to post new items on the online store page so check in frequently.
New pottery arrivals - check out our new additions on our online store.
Just received, hot off the press! Bille Hougart's fifth revised edition of "The Little Book of Marks on Southwestern Silver " lists 225 new silversmith entries, for a total of 3,425 individual entries for silversmiths, designers, guilds, trading posts and other retail shops. There are over 4,000 photographs or hand-drawn images of marks, more than 500 of which are new.
OUR ENEWS IS ALSO IN PDF FORMAT!
We've answered several special customer requests by providing our e-newsletters in PDF Format for everyone who would like print and save. You can find the download link at the bottom of the left column of the newsletter.
The Indian Craft Shop would like for you to join our campaign for "social expansion"!
Are you a proud follower of the Indian Craft Shop? Excellent!
Follow us on Twitter as we begin to tweet!
Are you a fan of our one-stop cultural paradise off the beaten path near the National Mall and Museums? Great! Become a fan and like our page on Facebook!
Would you like to share your shop experience with others? Awesome! Share your experiences with other collectors on YELP!
Interested in helping us show the rest of the world how to beat a path to our tiny door? Fabulous! Post a visitor comment/review on TripAdvisor!
Are you interested in viewing American Indian arts in an INSTAnt? Magnificent! Follow us on Instagram!
Do you have INTERESTing pieces in your collection that you would like to share? Fantabulous! Come pin it on our Pinterest board!
We want to deliver the latest news on The Indian Craft Shop, and thank you for helping us enlighten the world about the Shop and the beauty of American Indian art!
We truly appreciate your love and support of American Indian arts and we thank you for your sharing and being a part of our community.
MARK YOUR CALENDARS! SUMMER SALE,
AUGUST 11 - 22
FETISHES, POTTERY, AND JEWELRY, OH MY!! The Summer Sale is coming!! We will offer 20% off most items in the Shop and include a special section of items that will be marked down 40% and 50%! Shop in store or online to receive savings, savings, savings!
Our American Indian art Red, White and Blue (and Soccer!) display in honor of the World Cup games, which overlapped with the Fourth of July - we hope all of you enjoyed your holiday and perhaps some sports games!
REMINDER - OPEN SATURDAY, JULY 19, 2014
The Indian Craft Shop is open the third Saturday of each month. We hope that you will be able to join us Saturday, July 19 from 10 a.m. - 4 p.m.
Thank you for your continued support of the arts - we look forward to seeing and hearing from you!
POSTERity: WPA's Art Legacy and America's Public Lands
On view April 8, 2014 - Spring 2015
From 1938 to 1941, the National Park Service employed artists via the Works Progress Administration (WPA) to produce silk screened promotional posters for national park sites. The U.S. Department of the Interior Museum has united for the first time six WPA originals and a full complement of the contemporary designs by Doug Leen which follow the tradition of the WPA poster project, for this visually stunning retrospective. Featured are nearly 50 classic posters associated with 36 national parks, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Interior Museum.
Many visitors have inquired whether the images within the Interior Museum's POSTERity exhibition are commercially available.
Yes! Ranger Doug's Enterprises (www.rangerdoug.com) is the source for faithful silkscreen reproductions of WPA National Park serigraphs. Note cards and postcards are also available. Products from Ranger Doug's Enterprises are 100% made in the USA, and the company annually donates 1% of its gross sales back to the National Parks.
ART AND MURAL TOURS
Discover the art and architecture that made the Main Interior Building a "symbol of a new day" during the Great Depression. The Interior Museum Murals Tour lasts an hour and visits photographic murals by Ansel Adams and many of the over fifty murals by artists including Maynard Dixon, Allan Houser, Gifford Beal, and John Steuart Curry.
Tuesdays and Thursdays at 2 p.m. and by appointment for groups over six. Reservations required for all tours by calling 202-208-4743.
Special Assistance - For those in need of special assistance (such as an interpreter for the hearing impaired) or inquiries regarding the accessible entrance, please notify museum staff at 202-208-4743 in advance of the program. Special needs will be accommodated whenever possible.
The Interior Museum - For more information www.doi.gov/interiormuseum
The Indian Craft Shop | Department of the Interior | 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240
www.indiancraftshop.com | 202.208.4056


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Q: MySql *completely random* Unable to connect to any of the specified MySQL hosts This one is killing me.  We have an ASP.NET/Mono application on a MySQL database.  For months we've been plagued by a completely random but consistent occurrence of "Unable to connect to any of the specified MySQL hosts".  I'm by no means a MySQL pro, and I hope this is something silly.
Specifics:
MySQL 5.5.17
MySQL Connector/Net 6.4.4
Mono 2.10.8
MonoDevelop 2.8.6.5
Connection string: SERVER=localhost,3306;DATABASE=xxx;UID=xxx;PWD=xxx;CONNECTION TIMEOUT=90;Encrypt=false;
Max_connections is set to 150.  There are never more than 5 connections, and they are all active (probably due to the pooling).

*

*The application is C# ASP.NET 3.5.  Runs solid as a rock for years on Windows/IIS.  Nine months ago our market led us to get off Windows, so we (easily I might add) moved the whole thing to Mono/Apache.

*The issue only occurs on the Mono side, but that's critical since we've retired our Windows support.

*Happens on average about 10 times an hour, but spacing varies wildly.

*The issue has been witnessed in the following configurations:
Ubuntu 11/Apache2/mod_mono
OSX Lion/Apacke2/mod_mono
Ubuntu 11/xsp2/MonoDevelop debug server
OSX Lion/xsp2/MonoDevelop debug server

*

*Have messed with keepalive, wait_timeout, connectionreset, etc to no avail.  Timings seem to have no effect. The error is instantaneous on conn.open - not after any connection timeout.

*Here's a clue - the app absolutely will not run with Pooling=false.  Nearly every connection attempt fails.  Of course I want pooling on, but I'm not sure why it wouldn't work without.

*The application has a built in "heartbeat" (user's session in the database) - every 2 minutes.

*The most maddening of all?  It absolutely cannot be reproduced on demand in a running environment - it's random.  I've examined query sizes, execution times, etc.

*In exactly one scenario can I make it happen: On initial startup of an Ubuntu server or OSX, the very first time Mono makes it's first connection to MySQL - it will happen then.  After that, it's anybody's guess.

A: Ok, this is old,  but i lost so much time on this, i've to share this life saving article i finally found : Getting Mono and Mysql to play nice together
And i sum up for the case the link end up in 404  someday : EVERY variable of the connection string MUST  be defined. So, yes,  that includes port,  which i never had to define in a connection string ever in my life before.
For me it solved the problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Sparql : Dealing with '/' symbol How can I use / in select sparql select ?first/object, I what name of column in result to be first/object

A: You cannot. '/' is not a legal character in a SPARQL variable name.
As @UninformedUser mentioned in their comment, you can see the full range of legal variable names by looking at the SPARQL grammar: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#rVARNAME .


text:
Q: Delete the newline symbol I have a calculator application, which enquires the user to input an arithmetic expression like 10 + 15, follow it with an = sign, and press Enter. The program should evaluate the expression and print the result.
However, the answer is on a new line, even though I want it on the same one like
10 + 15 = 25

I tried to use ungetch as well but it didn't work.
So how can I remove that newline character to obtain the upper result?

A: If you are reading a line of input from the console, the user can freely edit the text they type in until they press Enter.  When they do press Enter, the cursor immediately moves to the start of the line, possibly scrolling the screen buffer up in the process.
To move the cursor back to the previous line, you will need to use a "curses" library that allows you to send cursor movement commands to move the cursor back up to the previous line, and then to the end of their input.  This could be complicated if they used tab characters and/or typed in more than one line of input.
See "ncurses" or, on Windows, PDCurses.

A: If you're using a terminal it's not easy because it's typically waiting on newlines before it does anything. Have a look here...
setvbuf not able to make stdin unbuffered
If you are doing this on a socket or some other stream that you completely controle then you need to use unbuffered input. Have a look here
Buffered and Unbuffered inputs in C
Note, this will make your calculator a bit harder to write. Alternatively you could print the whole line ie input and answer in the terminal.

A: If your terminal supports them, you can use terminal escape codes to move the cursor.
#include <stdio.h>

int main ( ) {
    char input[200] = "";
    int ch = 0;
    int count = 0;

    printf ( "\033[2J");//clear screen and move cursor to upper left corner
    printf ( "\033[8;H");//move cursor to line 8
    printf("Enter equation\n");//\n advances to line 9
    while ( ( ch = getchar ( )) != '\n' && ch != EOF) {
        input[count] = ch;//store input for processing
        count++;//count characters
    }
    printf ( "\033[9;%dH", count + 1);//move cursor to row 9 col count + 1
    printf ( "answer here\n");
    return 0;
}


Malacanang on Sunday assured the government's resolve to protect public welfare from any unreasonable power rate increases.
Presidential Communications Operations Office Secretary Herminio Coloma Jr. said it would not allow unjustifiable power rate hikes to be passed on to consumers.
"Tinitiyak po ng pamahalaan na mapangangalagaan ang kapakanan ng mga mamamayan at hindi po pahihintulutan ang pagsasamantala ng sino man o 'yon pong labis o 'di makatuwirang pagsingil," he said in a press briefing over dzRB Radyo ng Bayan.
Coloma made this assurance after power distributor Manila Electric Company (Meralco) announced that electricity rates would rise by about P62 this month due to higher generation and universal charges and taxes on power. The higher rates shall apply to residential customer with an average of 200 kilowatts-hour consumption.
"Tinututukan po nang masinsin ang sitwasyon hinggil diyan," he said.


text:
Q: Divs not aligning (CSS) I am having extreme difficulty organizing two divs.
I have a footer, which includes two paragraphs. I want paragraph 1 hugging the left border of the footer div, and I want paragraph 2 hugging the right border of the footer div, AND these paragraphs must be on the same line.
My problem is that my divs are behaving oddly.
I have tried floating and giving widths but nothing seems to work, the paragraphs seem to keep piling on top of eachother.
Does anybody know how to resolve this? I just want to know how to write 2 paragraphs out on the same line hugging opposite borders.
HTML:

paragraph 1

paragraph 2

CSS:
#container
{
   width:90%;
   margin:auto;
   background-color:#F6F4F1;
   border: 5px solid #00b4b4;
   padding:0;
   border-radius: 25px;
}

#footer
{
   width:100%;
   bottom:0;
   color:#838B8B;
   font-family:verdana;
}

#errors
{
   margin-left:4.5%;
   text-align:left;
   color:red;
}

#other
{
   text-align:right;
   margin-right:3%;
   display:inline-block;
}

JS FIDDLE which shows how my code is behaving oddly.

A: I have made changes to your fiddle https://jsfiddle.net/4vuywmn2/1/
You must float the errors div to the left and the other div to right and you must clear after the container around them closes.
To understand why you need to clear I suggest you read this answer

A: Is this what You want :

#container
{
width:90%;
margin:auto;
background-color:#F6F4F1;
border: 5px solid #00b4b4;
padding:0;
border-radius: 25px;
}

#footer
{
width:100%;
bottom:0;
color:#838B8B;
font-family:verdana;
}

#errors
{
margin-left:4.5%;
text-align:left;
color:red;
display:inline-block;
    float:left;
}

#other
{
text-align:right;
margin-right:3%;
display:inline-block;
    float:right;
}

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

You have to add display:inline-block; for error class, and using float : left for error, and right for other. And, on end, after other, You have to add one more div with clear:both;, how above div float will be cleared.

A: Try float and position attributes like this...
 #container
    {
    width:90%;
    margin:auto;
    background-color:#F6F4F1;
    border: 5px solid #00b4b4;
    padding:0;
    border-radius: 25px;
    }

    #footer
    {
    width:100%;
    bottom:0;
    color:#838B8B;
    font-family:verdana;
    }

    #errors
    {
    margin-left:4.5%;
    text-align:left;
    color:red;
    float:left;
    position:absolute;
    left:0px;
    }

    #other
    {
    text-align:right;
    margin-right:3%;
    display:inline-block;
    float:right;
    position:absolute;
    right:0px;
    }

A: try this mate, is this what you want:
#footer
{
height: 100px;
width:100%;
bottom:0;
color:#838B8B;
font-family:verdana;
}

#errors
{
float: left;
margin-left:4.5%;
text-align:left;
color:red;
}

#other
{
    float: right;
text-align:right;
margin-right:3%;
display:inline-block;
}

https://jsfiddle.net/4vuywmn2/5/


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You can order up to 2 free 10x10cm samples.
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Perfect for holiday spreads, these are traditional Austrian cookies with a healthier twist: Whole Grain Linzer Cookies with Rye Flour and Lingonberry Jam.
In addition to epically long shopping trips, my oldest sister would take me on holiday house tours when I was but a lil' sprout. I loved peering into people's lives (I guess I was a little creep too. ha!) and their holiday collections.
As we toured the homes, I would imagine nestling into their Victorian couches with my American Girl books and mugs of hot cider. At home, I filled a spiral bound notebook with collages for my dream home. This fascination later blossomed into an architectural education, which then rippled into the creative career I have now. Through it all though, I love a good holiday tour!
Bonus! Ikea's lingonberry jam comes in a rocks glass. That's sustainability at its best!
For three years now, the ladies in my family and I bundle in warm clothes for the guided holiday walking tour through Old Allegheny. An historical neighborhood, the Pittsburgh neighborhood was once home to several tycoons. There were even enough richie riches, at the turn of the twentieth century, for the main street to be dubbed "Millionaire's Row." To be clear, the wealthy were millionaires back then, which would make them some sort of kajillionaires today.
By the grace of forward-thinking homeowners and preservation societies, much of the architectural character of the area's heyday remains. Our family tradition is to carol from house to house (the caroling isn't really a choice), then take in the stories and details of the homes. Though, at this point, we've started reciting the stories with the homeowners, so we may need a new tradition next year (any ideas?).
In conjunction with the house tours, I prepare a holiday spread and hot mulled wine, so we can warm up and continue the merriment. Last year's spread included a wintry cake with layers of chocolate gingerbread and a forest of gingerbread "twigs," but this year, I went simpler: Whole Grain Linzer Cookies with Lingonberry Jam.
Whenever I plan gatherings, I choose to invest more time in one (or at least I try to invest in only one) menu item. This winter, I had been craving the flavors and simple beauty of Whole Grain Linzer Cookies, or Helle Linzer Plaetzchen if you fancy the German title.
Named for the Austrian Linzer Torte, a latticed pastry with jam filling, these buttery shortbread cookies and peeks of jam feel like little ornaments. In the vein of European traditions, I chose a Swedish lingonberry jam for a burst of red filling (and because I dream of participating in a St. Lucia celebration someday!).
Almond flour gives these buttery cookies a tender crumb, and being the grain nerd I am, I used Arrowhead Mills' whole grain rye flour to add a more complex, nutty and earthy flavor to the dough. Almond extract also boosts the almond flavor, which takes my palate back to almond croissants in Paris, when I toured French bakeries and not holiday homes.
Add a simple dusting of powdered sugar, and these Whole Grain Linzer Cookies are quite the beauts!
To Make the Dough: Beat the butter, coconut sugar, and zest until light and fluffy, scraping the bowl as needed, about 3 minutes. Add the yolk, vanilla and almond extracts, and beat until combined.
Meanwhile, whisk together the rye flour, almond flour, cinnamon and salt. Add the flour mixture to the egg mixture and mix until just combined. Don't over-beat.
Divide the dough in half, and pat each half into a disc. Wrap in plastic wrap, and refrigerate until firm, about 1 hour.
To Assemble: On a lightly floured surface, roll out the first disc of dough to ¼-inch thickness (keep the second disc chilled until ready to roll). Cut the cookies using a small cookie cutter or biscuit cutter. Transfer rounds to a parchment-lined baking sheet. Gather the scrap dough, roll, and repeat. Chill the cut cookie rounds while you roll out the second disc.
Once all the rounds are cut, divide them into bases and tops. Use a smaller biscuit cutter to cut the holes in the centers of the top cookies. You can either gather the holes to re-roll and create more cookies, or bake them as small plain cookies.
Add a dollop of lingonberry jam (about 1 Tablespoon) to each base cookie. Top with the hole-punched top cookie, and pinch the layers together. Arrange on a parchment-lined baking sheet, and chill for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 350°F.
To Bake: Bake all of the cookies for 10 to 12 minutes (depending on the size of your cookie cutter), or until the edges are just beginning to turn brown. Let them cool for 5 minutes on the pan, then transfer to a rack to cool completely. Dust with powdered sugar and serve.
Your photography skills are absolutely stunning! I can't wait to make these delicious-looking cookies.


With this series, "Boundaries", Sara Willadsen's work deviates from environments and structures to focus on curated, contained objects. By carefully arranging collage materials within specific parameters, she is able to analyze her visual language as well as use this act of simplifying as an agent for clarity. Each composition is made with restraint and reveals an organized, deconstructed view that can typically only be seen early on in her creative process.
Sara Willadsen was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin in 1987. She received her Master of Fine Arts in Painting from Northern Illinois University in 2014 and her Bachelor of Arts in Studio Art and Graphic Arts from Lakeland University in 2010. Working mainly with paint and various collage elements, Willadsen's work explores concepts of abstract spaces and objects guided by her surroundings. She has had work featured in New American Paintings and shows frequently in regional and national exhibitions. She is currently works as a visual artist and graphic designer in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin. Willadsen is represented by Frank Juarez Gallery.
The exhibition is accompanied by a catalog, with foreword written by Kolaj Magazine editor Ric Kasini Kadour. Visit his website for more information HERE.


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Julie Depardieu and Philippe Katerine out with their children Billy and Alfred
Leave a Comment / Entertainment / By thaipriusclub
Family Sunday for Julie Depardieu and Philippe Katerine. The lovebirds attended the premiere of "Asterix and Obelix: The Middle Kingdomwith their children, Billy (11) and Alfred (10), visibly delighted with their Sunday outing. The quartet posed in front of the Grand Rex in Paris, where Guillaume Canet's film was screened.
Many personalities were present. Gilles Lellouche came with his partner Alizée Guinochet. Vincent Cassel arrived with his 18-year-old daughter, named deva. Zlatan Ibrahimovic took some 'selfies' with his fans. The guests were able to attend a mini concert by Matthieu Chedid and Bigflo and Oli before the screening of the film. Guillaume Canet's parents, Marie-Antoinette and Philippe, were there. Marina Foïs, Angèle, Marion Cotillard, Jonathan Cohen, Jérôme Commandeur, José Garcia, Ramzy Bedia and Grand Corps Malade were photographed.
What's next after this ad
Philippe Katerine and Julie Depardieu met on the set of "I am no man's land" in 2010. The interpreter of "La Banane" is also the father of a young woman of almost 30 years old named Edie. The latter had also sung alongside him on the title "To you".
The possible departure of Navas, a win-win deal


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St. Louis has new plans for renewable energy and its future
November 2, 2017 0 By Erin Kilgore
City embraces new measure to aggressively adopt renewable energy
The City of St. Louis, Missouri, has revealed ambitious plans concerning renewable energy. City officials have approved a measure that would require the city to be completely powered by renewable sources by 2035. The majority of this electricity is expected to come from wind and solar farms. The measure was introduced last month and won unanimous approval by the city's legislative body. Now, St. Louis officials are tasked with developing a comprehensive renewable energy adoption plan by December 2018.
Only 5% of the city's electricity comes from renewable sources
St. Louis is the latest city in the United States to commit to 100% renewable energy. This will be no small challenge for the city to tackle, however. Currently, less than 5% of the city's electricity comes from renewable energy sources. The St. Louis region has relatively little clean power capacity, but Missouri is home to rapidly growing solar and wind markets. The new measure is expected to create new economic opportunities by making it easier for renewable energy projects to take form. These projects will likely receive strong support from the city government as well as the state.
Coal companies express concern for the city's new plan
Embracing renewable energy will require the city to wean itself off of fossil-fuels. St. Louis serves as home to three major coal companies, which have struggled to do business in recent years. Peabody Energy is one of the major coal companies that have expressed concerns regarding the city's new plan. The company has warned against the introduction of "artificial renewable standards," which it says will lead to an increase in energy costs. The company also believes such standards will make Missouri's existing energy infrastructure less reliable.
St. Louis is wholly committed to renewable energy and the Paris Agreement
Despite these warnings, St. Louis, and Missouri as a whole, are committed to adopting renewable energy. St. Louis has joined several other cities in affirming their commitment to the Paris Agreement. The federal government is currently planning to remove the United States from this accord, but cities have banded together to declare their support for the agreement.
CategoryEnvironmental Hydrogen news United States
Tagsclean power Missouri Missouri renewable energy Paris Agreement Peabody Energy renewable energy renewable energy news St. Louis St. Louis renewable energy United States
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Provides direct care for residents, includes provision of assistance with personal care and hygiene, social and recreational activities, hydration and meal preparation and service, distribution and management of medication, engage in daily activities, laundry and cleaning and other tasks as needed by resident. Exhibits a work philosophy that supports the dignity, privacy, independence, choice and individuality of each resident.
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My head is too full.
I hate writer's block. It always happens when I have too many thoughts in my head and it becomes impossible for me to reach in and pick one out to talk about. It's extremely frustrating to feel so many emotions and not be able to release them in the form of written words.
And the list goes on and on....and on. It's like having a thousand birds flying around my brain and I have to catch the right one at the right time to be able to speak.
I've been juggling so many things lately. We have a lot of balls in the air right now and I'm trying to keep them all going just right...it is tiring. Luckily, it's also rewarding a lot of the time. I feel I've done some good this week. I feel I made a difference in some lives. It may be a small, seemingly insignificant act of kindness...but a difference all the same. I am happy with the place I am in right now. I love my family, I love my job, I love my friends...yet it is so chaotic I often find myself bouncing from one thing to the next without being able to focus on the outcomes of what I am doing. It will be nice when things calm down and I can take a deep breath and look around at all we have.
I am so grateful. I am so blessed.
I just need to come up with a positive mantra to get myself back on track. Mantras are also difficult to come up with when you have a thousand attention-seeking birds occupying your brain. Makes me tired to think about trying to organize this by shoving each thought into their respective box to sort it all out.
I need an energy boost.


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The Varsity Boys Golf Team came in 8th place at the District 20-5A Tournament at La Torretta Golf Course. Glen Davis came in 14th place shooting a 2 day total score of 167. Carter Krowski came in 27th place after shooting a 2 day total score of 185. Brandon Traw came in 32nd place shooting a 2 day total of 191. Christopher Berry placed in a tie for 35th after shooting a 2 day total of 193. Tyler Rich placed 38th with a 2 day total of 196.
This ends the 2017-2018 golf season for the Varsity Boys.


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Explore Music Lessons
Nichols Concert Hall
Addison C. Teng
Violin and Chamber Music Faculty
Program Area:
With Music Institute of Chicago since:
B.M. Violin Performance, Oberlin Conservatory of Music
M.M. Violin Performance and String Pedagogy, Northwestern University Bienen School of Music
Significant teachers and mentors:
Sally Thomas, Roland and Almita Vamos, Amy Barlowe, Peter Takács and Karen Ritscher.
Awards and achievements:
• Distinguished Alumnus of Meadowmount School of Music
• Outstanding Young Alumni Award at Oberlin College and Conservatory
• Chosen by the Oberlin Conservatory Dean to appear on Italian National television
Professional affiliations & activities:
- Faculty, String Pedagogy, DePaul University School of Music
- Violin and Chamber Music Faculty, Chicago Summer Opera
- Teaching assistant to Sally Thomas, Amy Barlowe, and Roland and Almita Vamos at the Meadowmount School of Music and Northwestern University
- Violin and Chamber Music Faculty for Montecito International Music Festival (2014-present)
- Masterclasses across the United States, Taiwan, Canada, Brazil and China
- Artist in residence at the Golden Chamber Music Festival in Sleepy Hollow, MI in 2015
- Soloist with the Oberlin College Orchestra and the Eastman String Fellowship Orchestra
- Numerous solo and chamber music performances in major concert halls throughout Taiwan, Hong Kong, Canada, Italy, France and the United States
Music Institute of Chicago
© 2018 Music Institute of Chicago


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Home / Headphones / Reviews
Anker Soundcore Life Q35 headphone review: Great looks, sound, and noise cancellation
Anker has delivered undeniably stylish headphones that also serve up very good sound and superior ANC at a decent price. With EQ, the sound is also very good.
By Jon L. Jacobi
Freelance contributor, TechHive	 Aug 17, 2021 3:00 am PDT
Expert's Rating
Excellent active noise cancellation
Good-looking, light, and comfortable
App with EQ and sleep noises
Affordable for the features and sound delivered
Mid-range definition could be better
Could be better EQ'd out of the box
For the price, you'll be hard-pressed to find better styling or active noise cancellation. The sound is also very good, but more in line with the price. But download the app and EQ them first thing.
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Most of the audio equipment from Anker I've reviewed has been aimed at the low end of the market. The $130 Soundcore Q35 Life Bluetooth ANC headphones represent a different, swankier kind of experience, starting with some classier-than-typical packaging.
I was also impressed with the industrial design. In fact, I'd be tempted to call them the most attractive headphones I've tested. They're vaguely reminiscent of Apple's ridiculously overpriced AirPod Max's, though not a direct cop. The logo was heavily "influenced" by the Beats emblem—that's a bit closer call attribution-wise. As is the Q35 model number (very close to the Bose QC35.
This review is part of TechHive's coverage of the best noise-cancelling headphones, where you'll find reviews of the competition's offerings, plus a buyer's guide to the features you should consider when shopping for this type of product.
Forgetting appearance for a second, I should probably mention that the Q35's active noise reduction is fantastic, and the sound (after applying some EQ with the app) is quite good—on par with like-priced rivals, though not quite top-tier.
Design and features
The Q35 are over-ear headphones with 40mm drivers housed in deep cups connected by a comfortable headband. They support Bluetooth 5 and Sony's LDAC lossless audio codec. They arrive in a hardshell carry case with a USB-A to USB-C cable for charging, a 3.5mm stereo cable, and an airplane adapter bundled up in a handy silken bag.
You can purchase the Q35 in two colors: the midnight blue shown at the top of this article, and the pale lilac (Anker calls it pink) shown below. Someone at Anker understands aesthetics. Give 'em a raise.
Anker's Q35 Life ANC headphone is available in midnight blue or lilac/pink.
You'll find the plus, minus, and play/pause buttons, as well as a 3.5mmm stereo audio jack for hardwired use, on the bottom of the right-hand cup. The touch-sensitive surface of the right cup also serves to toggle noise cancellation; they can also be used to pair to devices using NFC.
The power/pair button, power status indicator, USB-C charging port, and the noise cancellation mode button are on the left-hand cup. The latter invokes several modes, which are tailored for different types of ambient noise. Spoiler: they all work well.
The Q35 also feature an auto-pause function that pauses music/video when you take the headphones off and resumes it when you put them back on. Dual microphones are used phone calls and for noise cancellation (capturing ambient noise for a phase-negative copy).
Contrary to Anker's advertising, there is no artificial intelligence—the mimicking of the human mind—employed here. Unless the device touting AI can discuss philosophy with you, it's not AI.
The first thing I noticed sonically about the Q35 was their heavily pronounced low-frequency reproduction. I fired up Young Jeezy before Holst's The Planets, and it sounded like there was a sub-woofer in play. Boom, boom. It was a bit much for my tastes, and I also found the high-end and upper mid-range a bit underplayed at the default settings.
Anker's Soundcore app can be used to EQ the sound of the Q35's. We recommend you do so first thing.
As with the company's Motion Boom Bluetooth speaker, however, the Q35 won me over once I'd made use of the Soundcore app to tailor frequency emphasis to taste. Said EQ fixed things up nicely, although the clarity and definition (i.e., an ability to isolate instruments) of the sound field still didn't quite measure up to the highly sonorous, but problematic Drop Pandas with their planar driver. Then again, nothing else does either, and there's a price difference of several hundred dollars at play.
While the Q35's sonics are merely good in the grand scheme of things, the active noise cancellation) is fantastic. I noticed zero difference in the sound with the ANC on or or off; it does a very good job of shutting down the ambient noise as well.
Anker's Soundcore app provides some rather convincing natural ambient noises (birds, rain, wind, etc.) for "Superior Sleep". If I were Anker, I'd lengthen the loops to at least 30 seconds. The approximately ten seconds they currently last makes them noticeably repetitive. On the plus side, you can mix them together to form different combinations. Listening as I write this, I just yawned. Repetitive or not, it seemingly works. Or perhaps it's just been a long day.
The Soundcore app also provides relaxing sounds for use when you're trying to snuggle into the arms of Morpheus. We wish the loops were a bit longer, but it seems to work anyway.
I can imagine Superior Sleep would help on a plane, but sleeping with these headphones while lying on your side might not be the most comfortable experience.
Not that the Q35 aren't comfortable in general—they are. They're lighter than the norm, with plenty of padding, while still maintaining a tight fit. My ears never came close to touching the speaker grills, and the top of my head never felt unduly pressured by the headband. The latter is a rather rare experience.
Run time was at about 10 of the 40 claimed hours, and battery level was still announced at power-up as medium. Note that in my experience, headphones rarely live up to their lofty claims; so 10 hours is better than many.
Overall, I'd describe the Q35's sound as sonorous, but not particularly punchy. But I've never heard anything better in this price range, so consider that me being picky.
It would be nice if the company defaulted to brighter EQ settings; however, as you can tailor this to suit just about any taste, I have no problems recommending the Q35. It's attractive, sounds good, and delivers kick-toukus ANC. That's a rare combination for a $130 headphone.
Jon is a Juilliard-trained musician, former x86/6800 programmer, and long-time (late 70s) computer enthusiast living in the San Francisco bay area. jjacobi@pcworld.com