text:
import autosar

def create_workspace_and_packages():
    ws = autosar.workspace(version="4.2.2")
    package = ws.createPackage('DataTypes', role='DataType')
    package.createSubPackage('CompuMethods', role='CompuMethod')
    package.createSubPackage('DataConstrs', role='DataConstraint')
    package.createSubPackage('BaseTypes')
    package.createSubPackage('ImplementationTypes')
    ws.createPackage('PortInterfaces', role='PortInterface')
    ws.createPackage('ComponentTypes', role='ComponentType')
    return ws

def create_data_types(ws):
    baseTypes = ws.find('/DataTypes/BaseTypes')
    baseTypes.createSwBaseType('uint8', 8, nativeDeclaration='uint8')
    implTypes = ws.find('/DataTypes/ImplementationTypes')
    implTypes.createImplementationDataType('uint8', lowerLimit=0, upperLimit=255,
                            baseTypeRef='/DataTypes/BaseTypes/uint8', typeEmitter='Platform_Type')
    implTypes.createImplementationDataTypeRef('OffOn_T',
                            implementationTypeRef = '/DataTypes/ImplementationTypes/uint8',
                            valueTable = ['OffOn_Off',
                                           'OffOn_On',
                                           'OffOn_Error',
                                           'OffOn_NotAvailable'
                                        ])

def create_port_interfaces(ws):
    package = ws.find('/PortInterfaces')
    package.createSenderReceiverInterface('HeaterPwrStat_I',
        autosar.element.DataElement('HeaterPwrStat',
                                    '/DataTypes/ImplementationTypes/OffOn_T'))

def create_components(ws):
    package = ws.find('/ComponentTypes')
    comp1 = package.createApplicationSoftwareComponent('Component1')
    comp1.createProvidePort('HeaterPwrStat', 'HeaterPwrStat_I', initValue='OffOn_NotAvailable')

    comp2 = package.createApplicationSoftwareComponent('Component2')
    comp2.createRequirePort('HeaterPwrStat', 'HeaterPwrStat_I', initValue='OffOn_NotAvailable', aliveTimeout = 30)

ws = create_workspace_and_packages()
create_data_types(ws)
create_port_interfaces(ws)
create_components(ws)
ws.saveXML('Component1.arxml', filters=['/ComponentTypes/Component1'])
ws.saveXML('Component2.arxml', filters=['/ComponentTypes/Component2'])
ws.saveXML('DataTypes.arxml', filters=['/DataTypes'])
ws.saveXML('PortInterfaces.arxml', filters = ["/PortInterfaces"])


The Oscar-winning actor made a passionate address to the assembly on the day the Paris Agreement was signed.
Leonardo DiCaprio gave another stellar performance, this time to the UN General Assembly in New York, imploring world leaders to tackle climate change head-on.
Adding Hollywood stardust to the signing ceremony of the Paris Agreement on counteracting global warming, the Oscar-winning actor, who has previously spoken at the UN on climate change, gave an impassioned five-minute address first quoting Abraham Lincoln and then giving real examples of climate change devastation he had personally witnessed on his travels as a UN messenger of peace.
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"After 21 years of debates and conferences, it is time to declare no more talk, no more excuses, no more 10-year studies, no more allowing the fossil fuel companies to manipulate and dictate the science and policies that affect our future," he added.


text:
Restoring historic Toko Toru Tapu church
Toko Toru Tapu Church restoration
Manutuke Church Trust
Architects 44 & Spencer Holmes
Gisborne, New Zealand
The Toko Toru Tapu church in Manutuke, Gisborne, is one of the most important Maori churches in New Zealand and has a rich history from the involvement of Rev. W. Williams and renowned carver, Rukupo.
With the current fourth church dedicated in 1913, built from bricks and mortar, time has taken its toll. A complete restoration was required. Mateenbar™ was specified for the work of seismic stabilizing and crack stitching.
"An economic product with zero risks of deterioration and can be near-surface mounted." James Blackburne – Architects 44
Structural engineer, Peter Smith of Spencer Holmes and local architect James Blackburne of Architects 44 considered other reinforcement solutions and decided on Mateenbar™, as it met all key properties and ensured a build that will last. Unlike steel that can corrode and cause concrete and masonry to rupture, Mateenbar™ is non-corrosive and has a 100-year design life.
James Blackburne considered all traditional options but specified mateenbar™ "because it was best for the job". All the key requirements lined up and, being locally manufactured, mateenbar™ was a perfect solution.
Peter Smith commented, "Mateenbar was the best choice as it doesn't corrode." This will ensure that the restoration work is one that will last. Mateenbar is corrosion-free and unlike black steel will not rust or cause spalling in the porous, alkaline conditions of the masonry.
City Construction enjoyed working with Mateenbar noting: "it's lightweight and easy to cut".
Toko Toru Tapu church's new structural strengthening was done as part of the work to bring the church back to its former glory. It continues to be enjoyed as part of the rich heritage of New Zealand.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rediscover yourself with a unique glamping (Glamorous Camping) experience in Muskoka. Stay in a beautiful canvas tent complete with handmade beds, fresh linens, overhead lighting, and a private deck. Enjoy a quick escape to nature to recharge or stay with us for a longer complete retreat package to go deeper within yourself.
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text:
Q: TCP ZeroWindow Issue C# i have been writing a file server/client application in c# and it appeared to be working but then i realized the the stream was not being advanced and the client kept failing to receive from the server. so i checked wireshark and saw that my client was emitting TCPZeroWindow flagged packets. Any thoughts? Thanks.
Client :
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.IO;
namespace PortalClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static string s1;
        static byte[] data03;
        static int int02;
        static string str01;
        static int length;
        static IPEndPoint ipe01;
        static TcpClient tcp01;
        static FileStream s01;
        static string ip01;
        static string port01;
        static string path01;
        static byte[] data01;
        static byte[] data02;
        static byte[] data04;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            while (true)
            {
            label1:
                {
                    try
                    {
                        string version = "V:1.1.4";
                        Console.Title = (" Portal Client " + version);
                        ConsoleColor ccolor1 = new ConsoleColor();
                        ccolor1 = Console.ForegroundColor;
                        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
                        Console.WriteLine();
                        Console.WriteLine("         PORTAL CLIENT " + version);
                        Console.WriteLine();
                        Console.ForegroundColor = ccolor1;
                        data01 = new byte[20];
                        data03 = new byte[100];
                        data04 = new byte[100];
                        Console.Write(" Enter IPv4 address of server : ");
                        ip01 = Console.ReadLine();
                        Console.Write(" Enter port to connect on : ");
                        port01 = Console.ReadLine();
                        ipe01 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip01), Convert.ToInt32(port01));
                        tcp01 = new TcpClient();
                        tcp01.ReceiveTimeout = 2500;
                        tcp01.NoDelay = true;
                        Console.WriteLine(" Connecting...");
                        tcp01.Connect(ipe01);
                        Console.WriteLine(" Done.");
                        tcp01.Client.Receive(data04, SocketFlags.None);
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                        Console.WriteLine(" Server message : " + Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data04));
                        tcp01.Client.Receive(data03, SocketFlags.None);
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                        Console.WriteLine(" File on server : " + Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data03));
                        tcp01.Client.Receive(data01, SocketFlags.None);
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                        str01 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data01);
                        Console.WriteLine();
                        Console.WriteLine(" file size : " + str01);
                        Console.WriteLine();
                        Console.Write(" Enter the number you see above : ");
                        length = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
                        Console.Write(" Save file as : ");
                        path01 = Console.ReadLine();
                        for (int i = 1; i <= 9000; i++)
                        {
                            if (length % i == 0) { int02 = i; }
                        }
                        if (length < 9000) { int02 = length; }
                        int int03 = length / int02;
                        s01 = File.OpenWrite(@path01);
                        Console.WriteLine(" Receiving file from " + tcp01.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "...");
                        tcp01.Client.Send(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        for (int i = 0; i <= int03; i++)
                        {
                            bool bool1 = false;
                            data02 = new byte[int02];
                            int n = tcp01.Client.Receive(data02, 0, int02, SocketFlags.None);
                            while (n < int02)
                            {
                                Console.WriteLine(" Entered Loop ");
                                int int04 = int02 - n;
                                tcp01.Client.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("2"), 0, 1, SocketFlags.None);
                                int int05 = 0;
                                byte[] data05 = new byte[int04];
                                if (int04 >= 1 && int04 <= 9) { s1 = int04 + "xxx"; }
                                if (int04 >= 10 && int04 <= 99) { s1 = int04 + "xx"; }
                                if (int04 >= 100 && int04 <= 999) { s1 = int04 + "x"; }
                                if (int04 >= 1000 && int04 <= 9000) { s1 = int04.ToString(); }
                                tcp01.Client.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s1), 0, 4, SocketFlags.None);
                                int05 = tcp01.Client.Receive(data05, 0, int04, SocketFlags.None);
                                n = n + int05;
                                s01.Write(data05, 0, int05);
                                bool1 = true;
                            }
                            if (bool1 == false)
                            {
                                s01.Write(data02, 0, int02);
                                tcp01.Client.Send(new byte[1], 0, 1, SocketFlags.None);
                            }
                        }
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        s01.Close();
                        Console.WriteLine(" Received all data.");
                        Console.WriteLine(" Press enter to disconnect...");
                        Console.ReadLine();
                        tcp01.Client.Send(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        Console.WriteLine(" Disconnecting...");
                        tcp01.Close();
                        Console.WriteLine(" Done.");
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e.Message.ToString() + " - " + e.Data.ToString() + " - " + e.TargetSite.ToString()); if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Close(); } if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); goto label1; }
                    }
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

Server :
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.IO;
namespace PortalServer
{
    class Program
    {
        static long length;
        static int int03;
        static int int02;
        static TcpListener tcp01;
        static TcpClient tcp02;
        static FileStream s01;
        static byte[] data01;
        static byte[] data03;
        static byte[] data04;
        static byte[] data05;
        static string str01;
        static string str02;
        static IPEndPoint ipe01;
        static string port01;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            while (true)
            {
            label1:
                try
                {
                    string version = "V:1.1.4";
                    Console.Title = (" Portal Server " + version);
                    ConsoleColor ccolor1 = new ConsoleColor();
                    ccolor1 = Console.ForegroundColor;
                    Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.WriteLine("         PORTAL SERVER " + version);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.ForegroundColor = ccolor1;
                    Console.Write(" Enter port for connecting clients : ");
                    port01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    Console.Write(" Enter path of file to send : ");
                    str01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    ipe01 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, Convert.ToInt32(port01));
                    tcp01 = new TcpListener(ipe01);
                    Console.Write(" Enter server message : ");
                    str02 = Console.ReadLine();
                    s01 = File.OpenRead(@str01);
                    length = s01.Length;
                    for (int i = 1; i <= 9000; i++)
                    {
                        if (length % i == 0) { int02 = i; }
                    }
                    if (length < 9000) { int02 = (int)length;}

                    int03 = (int)length / int02;
                    tcp01.Start();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Server started. Waiting for clients...");
                    tcp02 = tcp01.AcceptTcpClient();
                    tcp02.Client.NoDelay = true;
                    Console.WriteLine(" Client " + tcp02.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " connected.");
                    data05 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str02);
                    tcp02.Client.Send(data05, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    data04 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str01);
                    tcp02.Client.Send(data04, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    data03 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(length.ToString());
                    tcp02.Client.Send(data03, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Waiting for response...");
                    tcp02.Client.Receive(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Received response...");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Sending file to " + tcp02.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "...");
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
                    for (int i = 0; i <= int03;i++ )
                    {
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(30);
                        data01 = new byte[int02];
                        s01.Read(data01, 0, data01.Length);
                        int n = tcp02.Client.Send(data01, 0 ,data01.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                        if (n != int02) { throw new Exception("unable to write bytes, insufficient memory."); }
                        byte[] data07 = new byte[1];
                        while (true)
                        {
                            tcp02.Client.Receive(data07,0,1,SocketFlags.None);
                            if (Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data07) == "2")
                            {
                                byte[] data06 = new byte[4];
                                int b = tcp02.Client.Receive(data06, 0, 4, SocketFlags.None);
                                if (b != 4) { throw new Exception("ex1"); }
                                string s1 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data06);
                                s1 = s1.Replace("x", "");
                                int int05 = Convert.ToInt32(s1);
                                int int06 = int02 - int05;
                                byte[] data08 = new byte[int05];
                                Buffer.BlockCopy(data01, int06, data08, 0, int05);
                                tcp02.Client.Send(data08, 0, data08.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(30);
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    s01.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine(" All data sent.");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Waiting for terminate message...");
                    tcp02.Client.Receive(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Received terminate message.");
                    tcp02.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Stopping client and server.");
                    tcp01.Stop();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Done. Restarting.");

                }

                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e.Message.ToString() + " - " + e.Data.ToString() + " - " + e.TargetSite.ToString());
                    if (!(tcp02 == null)) { tcp02.Close(); }
                    if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Stop(); goto label1; }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

A: I've seen this happen if you are not emptying the network buffer correctly at the client end and the TCP window size is reduced to zero as a consequence.
This could be happening with your use of
tcp01.Client.Receive(data04, SocketFlags.None);

which may not be clearing the buffer sufficiently, see MSDN. You want to call Receive continuously until no further data is available.
If you would like a working example as a comparison please see here.

A: I used separate threads for the heavy lifting send / receive methods, increased buffer size, increased time between sends, made sure fragmentation was on. works like a charm now.
client :
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.IO;
using System.ComponentModel;
namespace PortalClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static int partloop;
        static bool bool1;
        static byte[] data05;
        static int int03;
        static int int04;
        static int int05;
        static int numbytesreceived;
        static BackgroundWorker bw1;
        static int bytestoreceive;
        static string s1;
        static byte[] data03;
        static int int02;
        static string str01;
        static int length;
        static IPEndPoint ipe01;
        static TcpClient tcp01;
        static FileStream s01;
        static string ip01;
        static string port01;
        static string path01;
        static byte[] data01;
        static byte[] data02;
        static byte[] data04;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            newvoid();
        }
        static void newvoid()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    Console.Clear();
                    Console.WindowWidth = 95;
                    string version = "V:1.1.4";
                    Console.Title = (" Portal Client " + version);
                    ConsoleColor ccolor1 = new ConsoleColor();
                    ccolor1 = Console.ForegroundColor;
                    Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.WriteLine(@"
 __________              __         .__    _________ .__  .__               __
 \______   \____________/  |______  |  |   \_   ___ \|  | |__| ____   _____/  |_
  |     ___/  _ \_  __ \   __\__  \ |  |   /    \  \/|  | |  |/ __ \ /    \   __\
  |    |  (  <_> )  | \/|  |  / __ \|  |__ \     \___|  |_|  \  ___/|   |  \  |
  |____|   \____/|__|   |__| (____  /____/  \______  /____/__|\___  >___|  /__|
                                  \/               \/             \/     \/       " + version);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.ForegroundColor = ccolor1;
                    data01 = new byte[20];
                    data03 = new byte[100];
                    data04 = new byte[100];
                    Console.Write(" Enter IPv4 address of server : ");
                    ip01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    Console.Write(" Enter port to connect on : ");
                    port01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    ipe01 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip01), Convert.ToInt32(port01));
                    tcp01 = new TcpClient();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Connecting...");
                    tcp01.Connect(ipe01);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Done.");
                    tcp01.Client.Receive(data04, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Server message : " + Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data04));
                    tcp01.Client.Receive(data03, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                    Console.WriteLine(" File on server : " + Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data03));
                    tcp01.Client.Receive(data01, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                    str01 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data01);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.WriteLine(" file size : " + str01);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.Write(" Enter the number you see above : ");
                    length = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
                    bytestoreceive = length;
                    Console.Write(" Save file as : ");
                    path01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    for (int i = 1; i <= 60000; i++)
                    {
                        if (length % i == 0) { int02 = i; }
                    }
                    if (length < 60000) { int02 = length; }
                    int03 = length / int02;
                    s01 = File.OpenWrite(@path01);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Receiving file from " + tcp01.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "...");
                    tcp01.Client.Send(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    while (bytestoreceive > 0)
                    {
                        bw1 = new BackgroundWorker();
                        bw1.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(bw1_DoWork);
                        bw1.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(bw1_RunWorkerCompleted);
                        bool1 = false;
                        numbytesreceived = 0;
                        data02 = new byte[int02];
                        bw1.RunWorkerAsync();
                        while (numbytesreceived == 0) { }
                        while (numbytesreceived < int02)
                        {
                            bw1 = new BackgroundWorker();
                            bw1.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(bw1_DoWork);
                            bw1.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(bw1_RunWorkerCompleted);
                            bool1 = true;
                            partloop += 1;
                            int04 = int02 - numbytesreceived;
                            tcp01.Client.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("2"), 0, 1, SocketFlags.None);
                            int05 = 0;
                            data05 = new byte[int04];
                            if (int04 >= 1 && int04 <= 9) { s1 = int04 + "xxxx"; }
                            if (int04 >= 10 && int04 <= 99) { s1 = int04 + "xxx"; }
                            if (int04 >= 100 && int04 <= 999) { s1 = int04 + "xx"; }
                            if (int04 >= 1000 && int04 <= 9999) { s1 = int04 + "x"; }
                            if (int04 > 10000 && int04 <= 60000) { s1 = int04.ToString(); }
                            tcp01.Client.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s1), 0, 5, SocketFlags.None);
                            bw1.RunWorkerAsync();
                            while (int05 == 0) { }
                            if (int05 == 0) { throw new Exception("ex1"); }
                            numbytesreceived += int05;
                            bytestoreceive -= numbytesreceived;
                            s01.Write(data05, 0, data05.Length);
                            Console.WriteLine(" Received " + (length - bytestoreceive) + " / " + length + " bytes | P.B.R. loops: " + partloop.ToString());
                            Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop - 1);
                        }

                        if (bool1 == false)
                        {

                            bytestoreceive -= numbytesreceived;
                            s01.Write(data02, 0, int02);
                            tcp01.Client.Send(new byte[1], 0, 1, SocketFlags.None);
                            Console.WriteLine(" Received " + (length - bytestoreceive) + " / " + length + " bytes | P.B.R. loops: " + partloop.ToString());
                            Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop - 1);
                        }
                    }
                    Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop + 1);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    s01.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Received all data.");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Press enter to disconnect...");
                    Console.ReadLine();
                    tcp01.Client.Send(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Disconnecting...");
                    tcp01.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Done.");
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e.Message.ToString() + " - " + e.Data.ToString() + " - " + e.TargetSite.ToString());
                    if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Close(); }
                    if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); }
                    Console.Write(" Press enter to continue..."); Console.ReadLine();
                    newvoid();
                }
            }
        }

        static void bw1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                bw1.Dispose();
            }
            catch (Exception e1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e1.Message.ToString() + " - " + e1.Data.ToString() + " - " + e1.TargetSite.ToString());
                if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Close(); }
                if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); }
                Console.Write(" Press enter to continue..."); Console.ReadLine();
                newvoid();
            }
        }

        static void bw1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (bool1 == false)
                {
                    numbytesreceived = tcp01.Client.Receive(data02, 0, int02, SocketFlags.None);
                }
                if (bool1 == true)
                {
                    int05 = tcp01.Client.Receive(data05, 0, int04, SocketFlags.None);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e2.Message.ToString() + " - " + e2.Data.ToString() + " - " + e2.TargetSite.ToString());
                if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Close(); }
                if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); }
                Console.Write(" Press enter to continue..."); Console.ReadLine();
                newvoid();
            }
        }
    }
}

server:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.IO;
using System.ComponentModel;
namespace PortalServer
{
    class Program
    {
        static int bytesresent;
        static BackgroundWorker bw1;
        static int int06;
        static int int05;
        static string string01;
        static int bytesCreceived;
        static byte[] data06;
        static byte[] data07;
        static byte[] data08;
        static int bytessent;
        static bool bool1;
        static int bytestosend;
        static long length;
        static int int03;
        static int int02;
        static TcpListener tcp01;
        static TcpClient tcp02;
        static FileStream s01;
        static byte[] data01;
        static byte[] data03;
        static byte[] data04;
        static byte[] data05;
        static string str01;
        static string str02;
        static IPEndPoint ipe01;
        static string port01;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            newvoid();
        }
        static void newvoid()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    Console.Clear();
                    Console.WindowWidth = 95;
                    string version = "V:1.1.4";
                    Console.Title = (" Portal Server " + version);
                    ConsoleColor ccolor1 = new ConsoleColor();
                    ccolor1 = Console.ForegroundColor;
                    Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.WriteLine(@"
 __________              __         .__      _________
 \______   \____________/  |______  |  |    /   _____/ ______________  __ ___________
  |     ___/  _ \_  __ \   __\__  \ |  |    \_____  \_/ __ \_  __ \  \/ // __ \_  __ \
  |    |  (  <_> )  | \/|  |  / __ \|  |__  /        \  ___/|  | \/\   /\  ___/|  | \/
  |____|   \____/|__|   |__| (____  /____/ /_______  /\___  >__|    \_/  \___  >__|
                                  \/               \/     \/                 \/       " + version);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    Console.ForegroundColor = ccolor1;
                    Console.Write(" Enter port for connecting clients : ");
                    port01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    Console.Write(" Enter path of file to send : ");
                    str01 = Console.ReadLine();
                    ipe01 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, Convert.ToInt32(port01));
                    tcp01 = new TcpListener(ipe01);
                    Console.Write(" Enter server message : ");
                    str02 = Console.ReadLine();
                    s01 = File.OpenRead(@str01);
                    length = s01.Length;
                    bytestosend = (int)length;
                    for (int i = 1; i <= 60000; i++)
                    {
                        if (length % i == 0) { int02 = i; }
                    }
                    if (length < 60000) { int02 = (int)length; }

                    int03 = (int)length / int02;
                    tcp01.Start();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Server started. Waiting for clients...");
                    tcp02 = tcp01.AcceptTcpClient();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Client " + tcp02.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " connected.");
                    data05 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str02);
                    tcp02.Client.Send(data05, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    data04 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str01);
                    tcp02.Client.Send(data04, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    data03 = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(length.ToString());
                    tcp02.Client.Send(data03, SocketFlags.None);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Waiting for response...");
                    tcp02.Client.Receive(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Received response...");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Sending file to " + tcp02.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "...");
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
                    while (bytestosend > 0)
                    {
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50);
                        bool1 = false;
                        bytessent = 0;
                        bw1 = new BackgroundWorker();
                        bw1.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(bw1_DoWork);
                        bw1.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(bw1_RunWorkerCompleted);
                        data01 = new byte[int02];
                        s01.Read(data01, 0, data01.Length);
                        bw1.RunWorkerAsync();
                        while (bytessent == 0) { }
                        if (bytessent != int02) { throw new Exception("unable to write bytes, insufficient memory."); }
                        while (true)
                        {
                            data07 = new byte[1];
                            tcp02.Client.Receive(data07, 0, 1, SocketFlags.None);
                            if (Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data07) == "2")
                            {
                                bytesresent = 0;
                                bool1 = true;
                                bw1 = new BackgroundWorker();
                                bw1.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(bw1_DoWork);
                                bw1.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(bw1_RunWorkerCompleted);
                                data06 = new byte[5];
                                bytesCreceived = tcp02.Client.Receive(data06, 0, 5, SocketFlags.None);
                                if (bytesCreceived != 5) { throw new Exception("invalid client response."); }
                                string01 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data06);
                                string01 = string01.Replace("x", "");
                                int05 = Convert.ToInt32(string01);
                                int06 = int02 - int05;
                                bytestosend -= int05;
                                data08 = new byte[int05];
                                Buffer.BlockCopy(data01, int06, data08, 0, int05);
                                bw1.RunWorkerAsync();
                                while (bytesresent == 0) { }
                                Console.WriteLine(" Sent " + (length - bytestosend) + " / " + length + " bytes");
                                Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop - 1);
                                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50);
                            }
                            if (Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data07) != "2")
                            {
                                bool1 = false;
                                bytestosend -= bytessent;
                                Console.WriteLine(" Sent " + (length - bytestosend) + " / " + length + " bytes");
                                Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop - 1);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop + 1);
                    Console.WriteLine();
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                    s01.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine(" All data sent.");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Waiting for terminate message...");
                    tcp02.Client.Receive(new byte[1], SocketFlags.None);
                    Console.WriteLine(" Received terminate message.");
                    tcp02.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Stopping client and server.");
                    tcp01.Stop();
                    Console.WriteLine(" Done. Press enter to continue...");
                    Console.ReadLine();
                }

                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e.Message.ToString() + " - " + e.Data.ToString() + " - " + e.TargetSite.ToString());
                    if (!(tcp02 == null)) { tcp02.Close(); }
                    if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Stop(); }
                    if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); }
                    Console.Write(" Press enter to continue..."); Console.ReadLine();
                    newvoid();
                }
            }
        }

        static void bw1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                bw1.Dispose();
            }
            catch (Exception e1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e1.Message.ToString() + " - " + e1.Data.ToString() + " - " + e1.TargetSite.ToString());
                if (!(tcp02 == null)) { tcp02.Close(); }
                if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Stop(); }
                if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); }
                Console.Write(" Press enter to continue..."); Console.ReadLine();
                newvoid();
            }
        }

        static void bw1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (bool1 == false)
                {
                    bytessent = tcp02.Client.Send(data01, 0, data01.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                }
                if (bool1 == true)
                {
                    bytesresent = tcp02.Client.Send(data08, 0, data08.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                }
            }
            catch(Exception e2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(" Error! : " + e2.Message.ToString() + " - " + e2.Data.ToString() + " - " + e2.TargetSite.ToString());
                if (!(tcp02 == null)) { tcp02.Close(); }
                if (!(tcp01 == null)) { tcp01.Stop(); }
                Console.Write(" Press enter to continue..."); Console.ReadLine();
                if (!(s01 == null)) { s01.Close(); }
                newvoid();
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Teal graduation cords bring a special modern splash to the timeless tradition of the commencement ceremony. Our teal honor cords are finely crafted from all synthetic material, and are durable enough to serve as a token of honor and happy memories for your graduate for years to come. By offering your students the opportunity to don a teal graduation cords, you give them a chance to participate in a tradition of honor and respect in a way that connects them with the modern age as well as the past.
The teal honor cord represents a connection to both the past and the future, an appropriate feeling for students who are stepping from one phase of life into the next. Some academic honor societies, such as the prestigious Alpha Kappa Delta society, or the Zeta Tau Alpha Sorority use teal graduation cords to award special honors to their members, or to students who have shown particular talent in the social sciences, but the teal honor cord can be offered to any students who have shown their ability in the academic world in a special way, like by participating in band or choir. Teal graduation cords can inspire your graduates to grow and build on the traditions of the past as they create new hope for the future, no matter what field of study they choose as a focus.
Teal graduation cords will pop against a classic black or white graduation gown, but can also be paired well with several different colored gowns. You may want to consider combining a teal honor cords with one of our other colored graduation cords, \ uch as pink, brown, purple, lavender, or silver, for special honors awarded to students who showed particular success, or simply to create a look the utilizes the school colors, encouraging school spirit on graduation day. By including our teal graduation cords in your commencement exercises, you create an environment for your graduates that is both modern and traditional, as the students prepare to take the next step of their academic journey.


text:
Clinical & Translational Science Institute
CTSI Services
BU Profiles
COVID-Action
TL1 Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Fellowships in Regenerative Medicine
2022 RFA
We are delighted to announce that the BU-CTSI will support 2 predoctoral fellows as part the CTSI training program in Regenerative Medicine. Students and Faculty interested in this support should submit the following materials by April 29, 2022. If you are interested in this support please submit an application and review the required materials and criteria below. Applications that are not complete will not be reviewed.
TL1: Regenerative Medicine Training Program
The BU CTSI TL1 Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Fellowships in Regenerative Medicine is committed to increasing the diversity of the research workforce and strongly encourages applications from underrepresented, racial and ethnic groups (UREGs).
Regenerative medicine represents the next evolution of medical treatments through the replacement, engineering, or regeneration of damaged human cells, tissues, or organs to restore normal function. This groundbreaking field of medicine truly encompasses the concept of "bench to bedside" translational and personalized medicine research. Both the CTSI and BU School of Medicine place a strong emphasis on regenerative medicine, which also plays a central role in NCATS' mission of expediting personalized medicine and the discovery and rapid delivery of cell-based therapeutic and pharmacologic approaches to market.
The result of interest sparked by an Affinity Research Collaborative (ARC) on iPSC, the Regenerative Medicine Training Program (RMTP)—CTSI's transformative 2-year TL1 program—aims to support the creation of a pipeline of well-trained scientists and future leaders in the field of translational research by:
Providing an innovative, integrative, and interdisciplinary training program, based on CTSA nationally developed competencies and leveraging the unique and internationally recognized strength of BU;
Facilitating translational team science interactions, synergistically bridging research strengths with interdisciplinary approaches;
Engaging pre- and post-doctorates who have already excelled and whose research would be transformed with the inclusion of regenerative medicine expertise and resources, making "today's trainees the teachers of tomorrow;"
Offering ongoing career and research guidance by mentors (primary and secondary) who have led successful, cross-disciplinary, sustained teams in groundbreaking areas and participated in the train-the-mentor program.
Created in collaboration with the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), with its extensive faculty expertise, vast networking capabilities, and state-of-the-art facilities and resources, the RMTP TL1 will provide scientific expertise, laboratory, and financial support to trainees from many different departments and biological disciplines across BU, such as dentistry, medicine, surgery, pediatrics, geriatrics, cardiology, and biomedical engineering.
Integrating CReM as a training facility is a win-win for students and the institution alike. Regenerative medicine has been the most sought after discipline for BU School of Medicine PhD applicants, and the CReM faculty receives the greatest number of requests from matriculating students to conduct their PhD dissertation work. Until the establishment of the RMTP TL1 program, only a limited number of students could be accepted. The program will thus not only increase the capacity of trainees within the CReM but also extend the scope of regenerative medicine research to other disciplines.
Tools to develop TL1 competencies, some examples
Creation of a dissertation Committee to provide a well-rounded approach to dissertation aims
Participation in national stem cell workshops
Responsible Conduct of Research coursework
CREST workshops on grant writing skills
Advanced presentation skills training
Research implementation and statistical support through courses such as Stem Cell Biology, Molecules to Molecular Therapeutics, and Biostatistics with Computing.
CReM seminars by top national and international scientists
Seminars and workshops on the importance of understanding diversity in the context of translational studies and data outcome
Creation of Individual Development Plans to maps out career paths
In addition to eligible postdoctoral fellows, the RMTP TL1 is open to the top PhD students in the Biomedical Sciences at BU's Medical Campus and those in Biomedical Engineering, Biology and Chemistry at BU Charles River Campus. Students must apply in their second year of graduate school.
TL1 Leadership:
Darrell Kotton, MD will continue as the PI and Program Leader of the RMTP TL1, having led the program for the past 4 years. Dr. Kotton joined BU's faculty in 2004 and is the David C. Seldin Professor of Medicine, Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and is the founding Director of the Centerfor Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of BostonUniversity and Boston Medical Center. Dr. Kotton continues to see patients as a pulmonary and critical care medicine physician (20% clinical effort) while leading an NIH-funded basic science research program developing pluripotent stem cell approaches to understand and treat a variety of genetic lung diseases. As an educator, Dr. Kotton has won accolades, such as the BU GMS 2018 Educator of the Year Award and the BU Department of Medicine's 2014 Robert Dawes Evans Senior Mentoring Award. He has personally trained 25 graduate students and postdoctoral PhD fellows in his laboratory and has participated in the training of 50 additional medical students and pulmonary fellows. He has won the Pulmonary Center's teaching excellence award and has chaired or served on 10 PhD dissertation committees to date. Graduates of his laboratory have gone on to become faculty members in academic medicine (1 Associate Professor, 6 Assistant Professors, 1 Research Assistant Professor, 1 Instructor), laboratory leading PI's (Drs. Wilson, Ikonomou, Hawkins, Jamal, and Hurley), and industry scientists. As an ambassador of the TL1 program nationally, Dr. Kotton also leads our efforts to share the program, its iPS cell and organoid bank, and our training modules across all CTSI sites, as exemplified by our NCATS U01 (PI, Dr. Kotton) supporting national sharing of the iPSC network. As a physician-scientist Dr. Kotton serves as the founding Co-Director of Boston Medical Center's Alpha-1 Center, a clinical Center dedicated to the care of patients and their families suffering from the inherited disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. He is an elected member of the American Society of Clinical Investigators, and his research has been recognized with numerous awards from the American Thoracic Society and the Alpha-1 Foundation.
Chris Chen, MD, PhD will be an Associate Leader of the TL1 whose role is integration of the School of Engineering within the RMTP. Dr. Chen is Professor of Biomedical Engineering, has served as a TL1 mentor on our RMTP for several years, and has been an instrumental figure in the development of engineered cellular microenvironments to understand how cells build tissues. His group pioneered the use of micro- and nanofabrication technologies to identify the underlying mechanisms by which cells interact with materials and each other to build organized tissues, and to apply this knowledge in the biology of stem cells and tissue vascularization. He has also served in numerous leadership roles to foster the interface between engineering, biology, and medicine. In addition to serving as a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at BU he also has an appointment at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University. He served at the University of Pennsylvania as the Skirkanich Professor of Innovation and founding director of the Center for Engineering Cells and Regeneration prior to his current appointment. Henow serves as founding Director of the Killachand Center for Biological Design at BU, a newly launched state of the art physical space for research and training in regenerative medicine related research. He currently works closely with Dr. Kotton to integrate shared trainees and resources across both medical and Charles River campuses of BU providing an unparalleled environment for trainees to experience the full breadth of translational regenerative medicine research and tissue engineering.
Elke Muhlberger, PhD will be an Associate Leader of the TL1 whose role is to ensure integration of the RMTP with our National Emerging Infections Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL), BU's unique BL4 facility focused on injury and repair associated with emerging infectious diseases. Dr. Muhlberger is a veteran mentor of our TL1 program. She has co-mentored trainees studying the biology of pathogens responsible for hemorrhagic fevers and their associated multi-organ responses to injury. Together with our Center for Regenerative Medicine, she has mentored TL1 graduate students who have developed iPSC-derived human, primate, and bat hepatocytes that serve as potential reservoirs for Ebola viral infections. Most recently Dr. Muhlberger has worked with Drs. Kotton, Mostoslavsky, and Chen to integrate regenerative medicine research approaches between BU's NEIDL, CReM, and Biomedical Engineering Programs. She currently is Associate Professor of Microbiology, Director of BUs Biomolecule Production Core, and an expert in filoviruses that cause hemorrhagic fever and associated host-pathogen interactions.
Matt Jones, PhD will be a Trainee Advisor of the TL1 whose role is to interact with our valuation group and lead the predoctoral training component of the RMTP. Dr. Jones became faculty at BU School of Medicine in 2008 and is now an Associate Professor of Medicine. In his role as educator and a leader in graduate student education at BU, Dr. Jones serves as the Director of the Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (GPMTM), the largest PhD training program on our medical campus with approximately 30 PhD and MD/PhD students, and the largest component of our umbrella graduate student program. In his capacity as Director of the GPMTM, Dr. Jones for the past 4 years has focused on recruiting, mentoring, and retaining students in the TL1 program (22 to date) who are interested in regenerative medicine related aspects of translational research. In addition to mentoring PhD, MD/PhD, and pulmonary fellows conducting research, Dr.Jones is an experienced, R01-funded Principal Investigator whose focus is on the mechanisms governing thepost-transcriptional regulation of cytokine expression during infection.
TL1 Trainees
Trainee Appointment Start Date Appointment End Date
Ian Kinstlinger 3/31/2021 3/30/2023
Stephen Moore 3/31/2021 3/30/2023
Pre-Doctoral
Elissa Everton 4/15/2020 4/14/2021
Christine Odom 6/1/2020 5/31/2021
Taylor Michael Matte 4/15/2020 3/31/2022
Anna Smith 7/1/2020 6/30/2022
Keshia Pitt 4/15/2020 1/31/2021
Alexandra Ysasi 4/15/2020 3/31/2022
Isabella Claure 9/1/2021 8/31/2023
Carly Merritt 2/1/2022 1/31/2024
Liz Flores 1/1/2022 12/31/2024
Apply to the TL1 Predoctoral Fellowship
To learn more about the criteria or apply to the TL1 Predoctoral Fellowship, click here
Master of Science Program in Biomedical Research: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Science
The Master of Science in Biomedical Research Technologies is a new one-year program designed to prepare future experts with a solid grasp of the principles underlying various research core technologies operations, its relevance to an array of biomedical problems and the technical skills to implement these technologies. Visit https://www.bumc.bu.edu/gms/brt/ to learn more.
Need Assistance? Contact CTSI Services
Submit a request here.
Call for Ideas for Element E
Career Development Program (KL2)
Career Development Award Writing Workshop Series
Developing Your Research Career: An Interactive Seminar Series
Educational Program Evaluation and Continuous Improvement
5th Annual CTSI Regional Shared Mentoring Symposium
Mentoring the Mentor Seminar Series
Mini-Sabbatical Program
Pathways to Research Independence and Mentoring Excellence (PRIME)
Program for Early Research Career Development (PERC)
Regenerative Medicine Training Program (RMTP)
Researcher Education
Congratulations to Alexandra Ysasi for Receiving an F31 Award from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
The 2022 BU CTSI Impact Report
Noteworthy Achievements, Accomplishments, & Success Stories
Help us continue our support by citing our grant number in relevant publications
1UL1TR001430
All publications resulting from the utilization of CTSI resources are required to credit the CTSI grant by including the NIH Funding acknowledgment and must comply with NIH Public Access Policy.
Press Release: BU Researchers Develop MRI Definition for Osteoarthritis (OA)
CLIC News Roundup – January 2023
Press Release: Study Finds Narrative Medicine is an Important Tool to Help Care for Older Adults
CTSA Ansible – January 2023
Press Release: Researchers Develop, Validate Tool to Visualize 3D Architectural Properties of Atherosclerosis Plaques
3.1Center for Implementation and Improvement Sciences (CIIS) Fellowship
Boston University Clinical & Translational Science Institute
617-358-7274 | ctsi@bu.edu
@BU_CTSI
BU CTSI


Definitions include: of two or more people, to be friendly with each other.
Definitions include: napes is the equivalent of the word "no."
Definitions include: a comic; SMART ALEC. Origin: suburbs of New York City, NY, USA.


text:
Precision Motorsports war ein US-amerikanischer Hersteller von Automobilen.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Das Unternehmen hatte seinen Sitz in Dillon in Montana. 1998 begann die Produktion von Automobilen und Kit Cars. Der Markenname lautete Precision Motorsports. 2000 endete die Produktion.

Fahrzeuge
Das einzige Modell war ein Fahrzeug im Stil des AC Cobra. Die Fahrzeugfront wich ab. Außerdem fehlten die Luftauslässe hinter den Vorderrädern. Das Fahrgestell wird als hochwertig bezeichnet.

Literatur
 George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 1: A–F. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1, S. 1264. (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Montana)
Beaverhead County
Gegründet 1998
Aufgelöst 2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Yoggoy Confederate hereby declares war on the Rebel Alliance. All other information on this matter is classified.
It seems that everyone's declaring war on the Rebel/Galactic Alliance.
I think I speak on behalf of most anyone in the Empire when I say I am pleased with your decision not to band with traitors and terrorists. I also feel I do when I say we welcome your support and any other neutral nations in this conflict with open arms.
Well marked, Noruas. I salute you.


Nike Air Huarache - "Desert Sand"
Nike has been straying away from the OG Air Huarache colorways, and if they keep comin' with heat, you won't see us complaining. The latest look for these iconic kicks comes in the form of this "Desert Sand" colorway that sees simple beige suede accented in a strange "Desert Sand" graphic all set atop a white midsole and orange outsole. If you're feeling these head over and cop 'em now.


Scrambled Eggs, French Toast Strata, Baked Potato Tots or Baked Wedges, Baked Ham off the Bone, Rolls with Butter Chips.
Included are : Coffee and O.J.(unless Picked Up). Water and Tea are included for On-Premise only.
Everything is the same as above except you choose : Another Entree and either 1 Vegetable, Salad or Pasta.
On-Premise Buffets please add 6% tax and 20% service, If Delivery, please add 6% tax+Delivery.


text:
July 5, 2021 Chloe Mogg
Chrissie Huntley – Supposed to Be
Bristol based singer-songwriter Chrissie Huntley is back with brand new single, 'Supposed to Be'. Arriving after over a year long hiatus in which Chrissie rebranded and recharged, 'Supposed to Be' is the creative comeback we all needed right now. The first of a series of single releases set for release this year, the track was recorded in Bristol with upcoming songwriter and producer Laurence Fazakerley Buglass.
Speaking about the release, Chrissie shares, "'Supposed to Be' is one of the first songs I ever wrote when I was a teenager and I just got dumped by the guy who I thought was supposed to be "the one". I think we've all been in that position where you know that it's over, but you just want to hold on and pretend just a little while longer…"
"… It's a very vulnerable track I suppose. It was very raw at the time of writing and I never had any intention of releasing it- it was more like a therapy to me than anything else. But, seven years later and here we are! Releasing this as an introduction to my new sound seemed like the perfect fit, as it holds the part of me that first turned to music at a time where I was struggling, which went on to become the entire premise of my musical journey…"
"Supposed to Be" is out worldwide now, and it's a powerful awakening with effortless vocals.
You can follow Chrissie Huntley on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Chrissie Huntley
Previous Interview with Hippie Tribe
Next Interview with Madison Margot


text:
Indian Mining Law: A Critical Review (Part-II)
Featured Posts, Blog, Environmental Law, Mines and Minerals Law / By Niharika Mukherjee / 28 August 2022 28 August 2022 / Leave a Comment
1 Proposals for Strengthening the Mining Law for Sustainable and Efficient Land Use
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Having established that the guarantee of mineral tenure security is central to the current objectives of the Indian legal framework, it is significant that mineral tenure security can, conceptually, appear at odds with other normative goals of mineral laws, such as ensuring sustainability.[1] Bastida, for instance, writes of the 'challenging task' of guaranteeing security of mineral tenure in the face of 'complications' and 'regulatory risks' brought about by the requirements of sustainable development.[2] This article, on the other hand, argues that viewing mineral tenure security as entirely opposed to sustainability considerations is fallacious. This flawed perception has the implication that policy choices and implementation methods are unnecessarily seen as involving a trade-off between security of tenure, particularly in the broad sense of guaranteeing successful completion of all stages of the mining process,[3] and including stringent checks for environmental protection. It is further argued that such an understanding has possibly motivated one-sided reforms in the Indian mineral law, which have privileged business interests to the exclusion of sustainability concerns.
Guaranteeing a Social License to Operate- A Proposed Policy Objective
This article argues, instead, that the two objectives can be reconciled by invoking a concept recently introduced in literature on mining law- that of the 'social license to operate'.[4]
This concept is rooted in the recognition that local communities are gradually emerging as vocal actors in the mining sector, voicing their concerns often through 'disruptive' methods including protests, blockades and media campaigns, leading to shutdowns and slowing down of mining projects across countries.[5] As a result, their 'ongoing approval' and 'broad acceptance' of the mining activities, which are termed as constituting the 'social license to operate', have become a vital factor without which mineral concession holders are exposed to 'costly conflict' and 'exposure to social risks'.[6]
The relevance of this concept in the Indian scenario is evident in industry reports, which reflect concern that 'over and above the [legal regulations]', mining companies also have to 'take the local community along',[7] failing which they face the challenge of opposition from local communities- notable examples[8] in this regard being that faced by Vedanta's bauxite mining project in Odisha,[9] the Utkal Alumina project,[10] and the Uranium Corporation of India's projects in Meghalaya and Andhra Pradesh.[11] Further, the enactment of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996[12] and the Supreme Court's decision in Orissa Mining Corporation v Ministry of Environment and Forests,[13] have formalized the requirement of approval from the community, to the extent represented by the Gram Sabha, for mining projects-[14] making the social license to operate not just a pragmatic consideration but also a legal concept, to a limited degree.
Given the increasing frequency of social resistance to mining activities in various parts of India,[15] and noting also that many of these instances have been related to sustainability concerns,[16] it is argued that this peculiar 'social risk' must be sought to be given protection against through the legal regime for mining. That is, the conception of mineral tenure security in the Indian law must be expanded to include security against social resistance; conversely, it should aim to, as far as possible, carry an implicit guarantee of a social license to operate. Further, this article argues that the democratic and normatively approvable method of doing this would be to strengthen the sustainability framework in the law itself- with the result that compliance with the legal norms should be sufficient in giving investors a reasonable expectation that they will have a social license to operate.
It may therefore be concluded, drawing from this argument, that the incentive to strengthen the sustainability framework in mining law draws not only from environmental concerns simpliciter but also from the already embedded governmental priority to ensure mineral tenure security for attracting private investment.
Proposals for Strengthening the Mining Law for Sustainable and Efficient Land Use
Having established that provisions for mineral tenure security and sustainability in mining law are intrinsically connected, this article shall propose certain changes that may be brought into the mining law to enhance its ability to ensure sustainability. In particular, it shall focus on issues of post-mining land use.
It has been established that mining activities can lead to severe land degradation, biodiversity loss and livelihood displacement.[17] One of the methods adopted to mitigate this is the regulation of mine closure, to ensure that this is done in a manner that is in conformity with the requirements of sustainability.[18] To this end, for instance, the National Mineral Policy 2019 recognizes the need for 'efficient and effective' 'scientific mine closure', that will restore ecology and biodiversity.[19] Significantly, further, scientific mine closure that is in line with the socio-economic needs of the local community has also been found to be an important factor affecting the 'social license to operate'.[20]
To this end, the legislative framework in India places several requirements upon a mine closure process. For one, the MMDR Act provides the Central and State Governments with the power to make rules regarding the rehabilitation of flora destroyed by mining activities,[21] and allows the former to issue directions to the latter for promoting 'restoration and reclamation' activities so as to optimally use mined out land for the benefit of the local community.[22] Additionally, the Mineral Conservation and Development Rules 2017 provide that no mine can be abandoned unless a Final Mine Closure Plan (FMCP) is approved by the competent authority,[23] and that such a plan must be submitted two years prior to the proposed closure of the mine.[24] Further, it provides that it is the mining lease holder's liability to ensure that measures for reclamation and rehabilitation are carried out in accordance with the FMCP,[25] with the lessee being obligated to present a yearly report on the same to the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM).[26]
Additionally, notifications under a set of legislations[27] specify procedures for post-mining reclamation of land in particular conditions. Judicial decisions have also provided for further reclamation measures, for instance in Common Cause v Union of India,[28] where the Supreme Court directed the Union Government to impose a condition for compulsory re-grassing of the mined area, in addition to conditions already imposed in the relevant mining closure plan.[29]
Noting the centrality of the FMCP to sustainable mine closure, this article shall review the latest legal guidelines for preparing the same,[30] to put forth an argument regarding the efficacy of these provisions and how they may be modified. These guidelines are prepared by the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), which is the body mandated with assessing FMCPs.[31]
The components required in an FMCP under these guidelines can be broadly grouped into three categories- first, management measures for solid and liquid waste, water bodies, and infrastructure and mining machinery present in the leased area at the time of submission of the plan;[32] secondly, safety measures and disaster management plans for the closure period;[33] thirdly, remedial measures to address the socio-economic repercussions of the mine closure.[34]
This article argues that these guidelines suffer from presenting the closure-related obligations of mining lease holders in silos, which prevents them from being required to develop an overall viable alternative proposal for land use post mine-closure. The need for the same, based on a cumulative analysis of the impacts of mining, has, in fact, been noted as essential for effective land reclamation.[35]
Also, the aforementioned guidelines, in being centred on 'mitigative' and 'remedial' measures to specific changes in aspects of the land such as top soil distribution and water quality,[36] appear to assume that post-mining land reclamation processes must necessarily be limited to the objective of bringing the land into the same use as prior to the mining process.[37] This understanding is also visible in studies conducted on the practices actually adopted by companies in the Indian mining sector.[38]
This approach, however, is vulnerable to criticisms from studies that have questioned the efficacy of policies driven towards restoring the pre-mining land use through the reclamation processes- for instance where 'radical landscape changes' have taken place, in which cases attempting to restore the prior land use pattern may be even more damaging to the environment.[39] Criticism also arises from propositions, such as those of Limpitlaw and Briel, that in such cases, it is more useful to use the degraded land for different, but productive purposes, such as infrastructure development that is not dependent on unattainable land features such as the quality of the soil that existed prior to the mining activity.[40]
On this basis, this article argues that the legal framework as it stands takes a narrow and overly uniform view of the heterogenous reclamation-related issues arising in individual mining regions, by-
First, wrongly assuming that 'exact reclamation'[41] is possible in most cases;
Secondly, incentivising planning for remedial measures in a piecemeal manner; and
Thirdly, failing to incentivise more holistic land use change plans that are in conformity with the particular environmental, social and economic conditions of a particular leased area- which could, arguably, constitute an important part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities of companies if adequately incentivised.[42]
Hence, the IBM's guidelines for FMCPs should, this article argues, be modified to require a comprehensive plan for alternative land use after the completion of mining, which is in conformity with the modified environmental conditions of the area. This shall, it is expected, serve to bring FMCPs in greater conformity with the legal requirement for 'reclamation and rehabilitation'[43] of mined areas, where these terms are defined not necessarily in reference to the prior land use,[44] but in terms of the sustainable and efficient land use given the real, post-mining conditions of the land.[45]
Yet, while the concern of this article has been limited to the substance of the legal framework on mining, it must also be highlighted that many of the problems, particularly those concerned with sustainability of mining, arise from the improper implementation of existing provisions. Documentation of these range from noting rampant corruption in the enforcement authorities[46] and the lack of adequately meticulous assessment before the issuing of environmental clearances,[47] to highlighting that small mining lease holders, lacking financial soundness, often fail to even employ qualified professionals to design their mining plans or closure plans, apart from failing to fulfil many of the requirements of these plans.[48] It is submitted in conclusion, therefore, that both substantive and implementation-related changes must be made to the legal framework for mining in India- but that these must be informed by sound principles of guaranteeing mineral tenure security and sustainability, together.
Bastida (n 43) 41. ↑
Ibid 42 43. ↑
Ibid 32. ↑
Jason Prno and D Scott Slocombe, 'Exploring the Origins of 'Social License to Operate in the Mining Sector: Perspectives from Governance and Sustainability Theories' (2012) 37 Resources Policy 346. ↑
Ibid 346. ↑
Ibid. ↑
FICCI Mines and Minerals Division, Development of Indian Mining Industry: The Way Forward (October 2013) 23. ↑
'Odisha Tribal Community Set to Block Vedanta Project' (Firstpost, 30 July 2013) <https://www.firstpost.com/business/odisha-tribal-community-set-to-block-vedanta-project-995603.html> Accessed on 24 March 2022. ↑
Hrusikesh Mohanty and Dillip Satapathy, 'Trouble Brews for Utkal Alumina Project as Locals Raise New Demands' (Business Standard, 21 January 2013) <https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/trouble-brews-for-utkal-alumina-project-as-locals-raise-new-demands-112121900159_1.html> Accessed on 24 March 2022. ↑
Lison Joseph, 'Protests Hold up Uranium Mining Projects in Andhra, Maharashtra' (Livemint, 20 June 2008) <https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PmupC8HC7U5sItcjZBQWkI/Protests-hold-up-uranium-mining-projects-in-Andhra-Meghalay.html> Accessed on 24 March 2022. ↑
Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996. ↑
Orissa Mining Corporation v Ministry of Environment and Forests and Others (2013) 6 SCC 476. ↑
Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 Section 4(e) (i) (k) and (l); Orissa Mining Corporation (n 65) para 59. ↑
FICCI, Development of the Indian Mining Industry (n 59) 59. ↑
Pawan Singh, Arvind Mishra and Deepanshu Singh, 'A New Model of Exact Reclamation of Post-Mining Land to Address Land Acquisition Problem in Indian Coal Mining Industry' (2017) 89 Journal of Geological Society of India 307. ↑
Laura Sonter, Chris Moran, Damian Barrett and Britaldo, 'Processes of Land Use Change in Mining Regions' (2014) 84 Journal of Cleaner Production 1. ↑
Singh, Mishra and Singh (n 68) 307. ↑
Government of India, National Mineral Policy 2019 (n 48) 8. ↑
Singh, Mishra and Singh (n 68) 307 309. ↑
MMDR Act (n 10) Sections 13 and 15. ↑
MMDR Act (n 10) Section 18. ↑
The Mineral Development and Conservation Rules 2017 Rule 21. ↑
Ibid Rule 24. ↑
These include the Environmental Protection Act 1986, Forest Conservation Act 1980, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 and the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. ↑
Common Cause v Union of India and Others WP (Civil) No. 114/2014 [Order dated 8/01/2020]. ↑
Ibid 3. ↑
Indian Bureau of Mines Office of the Chief Controller of Mines, IBM Manual for Appraisal of Final Mine Closure Plan (January 2022) <https://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/01052022125512FMCP%20Manual%20with%20Notice-4Jan2022.pdf> Accessed on 20 March 2022. These guidelines are binding upon mining lease holders as per the Mineral Conservation and Development Rules 2017 Section 22 read with Section 2(m). ↑
The Mineral Conservation and Development Rules 2017 Sections 22 and 26. ↑
IBM, IBM Manual for Appraisal of Final Mine Closure Plan (n 82) 6. ↑
D Limpitlaw and A Briel, 'Post Mining Land Use Opportunities in Developing Countries- A Review' (2014) 114 The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 11 901. ↑
Limpitlaw and Briel (n 87) 901. ↑
Singh Mishra and Singh (n 68) 310. ↑
MMDR Act (n 10) Sections 18 and 20A; The Mineral Conservation and Development Rules 2017 Section 26. ↑
Controller General Indian Bureau of Mines, Overview on Reclamation and Rehabilitation of Mines (2016) <https://mines.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/overviewon1.pdf> Accessed on 20 March 2022 14. ↑
Limpitlaw and Briel (n 87) 901 902. ↑
Human Rights Watch, Out of Control: Mining, Regulatory Failure and Human Rights in India (June 2012) 44. ↑
Ibid 11, FICCI Mines and Minerals Division, Development of Indian Mining Industry: The Way Forward (n 59) 100 and Deepak Kumar and Others v State of Haryana and Others (2012) 4 SCC 629 637. ↑
(This article is written by This post has been authored by Niharika Mukherjee, a third-year law student at NLSIU, Bangalore.)
CITE AS: Niharika Mukherjee, 'Indian Mining Law: A Critical Review (Part-II)' (The Contemporary Law Forum, 26 August 2022) <https://tclf.in/2022/08/28/indian-mining-law-a-critical-review-part-ii/> date of access.


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The Lyceum Theatre is a 2,100-seat West End theatre located in the City of Westminster, on Wellington Street, just off the Strand. There has been a theatre with this name in the locality since 1765, and the present site opened on 14 July 1834 to a design by Samuel Beazley. The building was unique in that it had a balcony overhanging the dress circle. It was built by the partnership of Peto & Grissell.
In 1904 the theatre was almost completely rebuilt and richly ornamented in rococo style by Bertie Crewe, but it retained Beazley's façade and grand portico. The building closed in 1939 and was set to be demolished, but it was saved and converted into a Mecca Ballroom in 1951 and then restored to theatrical use in 1996 by Holohan Architects.
The Old Lyceum Theatre was first built in 1765 on an adjacent site, and in the late 18th century, musical entertainments were given by Charles Dibdin. Famed actor David Garrick also performed at the Lyceum. Between 1794 and 1809, the building was used as a circus, brought by Philip Astley when his amphitheatre was burned down at Westminster, and then a chapel, a concert room, and for the first London exhibition of waxworks displayed by Madame Tussaud in 1802.
The theatre became a "licensed" house in 1809, and until 1812 it was used for dramatic performances by the Drury Lane Company after the burning of their own theatre, until the erection of the new edifice. In 1816, Samuel Arnold rebuilt the house to a design by Beazley and opened it as The English Opera House, but it was destroyed by fire in 1830. The house was famous as the first theatre in London to be lit by gas and for hosting the London première of Mozart's opera Così fan tutte. During this period, the "Sublime Society of Beef Steaks," which had been founded in 1735 by theatre manager Henry Rich, had its home at the theatre for over 50 years until 1867. The members, who never exceeded twenty-four in number, met every Saturday night to eat beefsteaks and drink port wine.
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To reach the theatre by bus, use numbers 1, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 23, 68, 77A, 91, 176 or 341 with Leicester Square as the destination. The closest bus interchange for all London routes and night buses is Trafalgar Square.
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Prince William leads Battle of Amiens commemorations
By Karishma Sarkari| 1 year ago
Proudly displays his medals but doesn't dress in uniform
Prince William has given the opening address at the Battle of Amiens commemorations in Northern France.
Following from the Bishop of Amiens' welcome, the Duke of Cambridge took to the lectern with passion as he thanked those of the Allied troops who fought in the battle of 1918, which signalled the end of World War I.
"What began here on 8 August 1918 was truly a coalition operation...a battle in which the forces of many nations came together," he said.
Prince William gave the opening address at the commemorations for the Battle of Amiens in the town's cathedral (Getty)
Paying tribute to Australian soldiers, as part of the Allied forces the Duke said the day was one "to honour the fallen of all nations, to commemorate all who took part in this great endeavour and celebrate the bonds of friendship which unite our nations".
While Prince William proudly displayed war medals across his chest, the father-of-three opted for a suit instead of wearing his military uniform.
As he arrived at the Cathedral, the 1,000 people gathered outside cheered loudly for the young Royal, who gave them a little smile and a wave as he walked inside, where another 2,000 people were seated.
The heir-to-the-throne went to the service on behalf of Her Majesty's Government, his second such assignment in recent times, having been to Israel and Palestine recently on behalf of the government also.
The Duke of Cambridge was greeted with loud cheers from the 1,000 people outside the cathedral (PA/AAP)
The 36-year-old proudly donned his medals but opted for a suit instead of his military uniform (Getty)
Prince William attended on behalf of the government and sat alongside British Prime Minister Theresa May (PA/AAP)
This time, the 36-year-old Royal was joined by British Prime Minister Theresa May, who also delivered a speech during the service.
As part of the commemorations, the Duke also met with descendants of those who fought in the battle and lay flowers in the Chapel of Allies, alongside representatives from the other Allied nations as well as Germany, in a symbol of peace.
The commemorations marked the first day of the legendary battle, on August 8, 1918, which saw Australian, British, Canadian, French and US soldiers advance almost 12kms with the three-day campaign eventually leading to the signing of the Armistice, which ended the war after over four years of fighting.
Following the service, Prince William lay flowers alongside other representatives from the Allied nations (Getty)
The young Royal also spoke with decedents of those who fought in the battle (PA/AAP)
Prince William's best moments
Duke Of Cambridge
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