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Tag Archives: Robert Hooke
Racing the Clock to Locate Yourself
astronomical clock, Doug Dorst, Eric Husch, Filomela Caldeira, Filomela Xabregas Caldeira, grand horloge, greenwich observatory, history of longitude, Jen Heyward, JJ Abrams, prime meridian, Robert Hooke, valise, VM Straka, xebec
So the clock you're racing – it has to do with Moody?
Jennifer Heyward – p viii
Jen writes the margin note above next to a list of Straka candidates posed by FXC in the foreword of Ship of Theseus. She writes it immediately to the left of this candidate…
The Canadian adventurer C. F. J. Wallingford
While this Canadian adventurer is fictional to us and real to the world of Eric and Jen, there is a a famous historical person in our world named Richard of Wallingford. He is well-known for his contributions to mathematics and astronomy, but he is most famous for his design of an astronomical clock sometime prior to the year 1327.
Eric and Jen currently reside in the city of Prague, Czechoslavakia, which is famous for its own ancient and still working astronomical clock (photo above). It is over 600 years old.
With these two astronomical clocks in mind, consider this anomaly that S notices in The Drifting Twins…
He watches the stars closely. They wink, they tremble, and he swears he can see them drift—as one might be able to see the minute hand of a clock moving. (p47)
This seems to be an intentional theme: astronomical clocks and/or clocks and timekeeping in general. Let's look at a few other textual clues that support this. Please feel free to comment about your own findings.
Archimedes invented the first planetarium. He also wrote extensively on the nature of time. This may be the reason for the name of our fictitious friend Arquimedes de Sobreiro.
Robert Hooke is an important historical figure alluded to in "S." He is the man who discovered cells by looking through a microscope at a thin piece of cork (sobreiro). He also theorized the nature of planetary motion and gravity. And, he contributed significantly to timekeeping…
Hooke made tremendously important contributions to the science of timekeeping, being intimately involved in the advances of his time; the introduction of the pendulum as a better regulator for clocks, the balance spring to improve the timekeeping of watches, and the proposal that a precise timekeeper could be used to find the longitude at sea. (Wikipedia)
Robert Hooke also helped design the Greenwich Observatory in England, which served as the primary source for accurate timekeeping for centuries. Martial Bourdin was an anarchist who tried to bomb the observatory, but accidentally killed himself. That act helped spawn the idea for Joseph Conrad's novel The Secret Agent where we find reflection on the measurement of time. He is also mentioned in TS Eliot's poem Animula. Also, in the S book-hunt-and-giveaway (known as S.earch – December 16-20, 2014), the first book was hidden at The Exley – a bar in Brooklyn. The bar is named after author Frederick Exley, who died before completing his spy novel titled Mean Greenwich Time. His ashes were scattered in Watertown, New York.
The Number of Pages in Ship of Theseus
The English version of Ship of Theseus has 456 pages – exactly 19 * 24. Nineteen is our favorite mysterious number in S, and 24 may represent the 24 hours of the day. Is Ship of Theseus a clock of some kind?
Prime Meridian Medley
The Greenwich Observatory sits atop the prime meridian – zero degrees longitude. This imaginary line that runs from North Pole to South Pole serves as the basis for determining longitude around the world. Knowing longitude is critical to marine navigation, and until the use of accurate timekeeping devices onboard ships, the more crude methods of astronomical observation and hours of calculations led to many a maritime disaster.
The prime meridian was not always the official, world-recognized launching point for longitudinal positioning. There were others – and many of those locations are found in Ship of Theseus. It's almost as if we are given a tour of locations of the prime meridian without being explicitly told.
Rio de Janerio, Brazil
The Azores: The Madeira Islands – Jen mentions Sobreiro being real – and an incident happening in the Azores (p49). She found this information in the Nautical Museum database of Madeira. This happens to be one of the few places on earth where black scabbard fish are found – the type of fish S encountered after he leapt from the mouth of the cave between B__ and G__. As S leapt from the mouth of the cave with Corbeau, he had a sudden memory of corks flying on a New Year's Eve (p197). Here we have sobreiro (cork) and time coming together. The tradition of dropping a time ball on New Year's Eve began with the popularization of the time ball at Greenwich Observatory. A time ball communicated time visually over a distance.
Paris (this prime meridian is sometimes called The Rose Line – for you fans of The DaVinci Code). On p361, we discover that Jean Bernard Desjardins and Signe Rabe were married in Carcassonne, France, on December 1, 1952. The Paris Meridian, or rose line, passes directly through the Church of St. Vincent in Carcassonne. Is this where they were married? On p422 we meet Tupp's wife. Her name is Roselin. And as if to reinforce this thought, Tupp is translated by Jen as Swedish for rooster (p422). The Rooster is the national symbol for France.
The Xebec
The xebec, S's ship (or the ship on which he is being held), is referred to on p28 as an anachronism on the modern seas. The literal meaning of anachronism is an error in computing time. And, as we all know, something strange happens to time while S is on board. He may feel he has been at sea for only a few days and discover when he returns to land that years have passed. S even has a determined conversation with Maelstrom about this phenomena on p211-212.
The Grand Horloge
Straka stayed at The Grande Horloge (the great clock) across the street from Deux Martres while Ekstrom was there in 1931 (p x11).
Filomela Xabregas Caldeira's Final Days
There is a tantalizing possibility of double meaning in Eric Husch's description of how FXC spent her final days according to Arturo's letter (p414). Note Eric's last sentence: Listening to music like she'd decided it was time.
The Valise
S's valise has so many references to time and our perception of it that it gets its own post, but here are some teasers. Osfour shouts "Time, TIME!" just before the valise arrives via Abdim. And when an assassin nearly kills S and kicks the valise away from him. The valise yawns open, spilling its contents, and in that moment, for S at least, time comes nearly to a standstill.
The Telegraph and Time Signals
The invention and development of the telegraph has many allusions in S. Sending time signals across telegraph, initially by wire and then by radio, was crucial to helping know accurate time. Calais, France, was an instrumental part of this development.
Locating Yourself
You have the difficult and unenviable task of locating yourself.
Stenfalk to S, p113.
The evolution of clockmaking improved dramatically between 1700 and today because it was driven by a singular purpose: the need to be able to locate yourself at sea, particularly your longitude. Knowing your latitude was fairly easy, but determining your longitude required clear skies, careful astronomical observation, and hours of manual calculations. For the most part, the margin of error in navigation was always large and often led to disaster.
The problem of determining longitude was so great that Britain created The Longitudinal Prize with a handsome reward to the person/group who could figure out a way to determine longitude accurately while at sea.
Out of this contest was born the rapid improvements in precision clock-making, particularly by John Harrison. Knowing where had as its ultimate solution knowing when you were. Surely this has something to do with our EOTVOS wheel. Perhaps it is as much a clock as it is a GPS-decryption device.
Much remains to be seen about how the metaphor of discovering longitude through the use of time might be a hidden armature for the discovery of the self in "S."
In Season One of Alias, in the episode Time Will Tell, Sydney steals an ancient Rambaldi clock from Tunisia (remember in LOST, Tunisia was the exit portal from the island's time/distance portal with the frozen donkey wheel). On the back of the clock is a date: 8/16/1523. Do those numbers look familiar, LOST fans? Once a disc is combined with the clock, it leads them to exact GPS coordinates based on astronomical observations and precise time. Rambaldi was able to create a GPS mechanism from a clock and a disc that contained a secret message. So if Ship of Theseus is the clock and the EOTVOS wheel is the disc with the secret message…
It All Goes Back to Calais – Part 2
Doug Dorst, Filomela Caldeira, full stop, FXC, It all goes back to Calais, JJ Abrams, morse code, Robert Hooke, telegraph, telegraphy, V.M. Straka, Vaclav Straka, VM Straka, VMS
A portion of the telegraph cable connecting Dover to Calais, 1850
(Read It All Goes Back to Calais, Part 1. It will also help to read You All Everybody)
"S" is about connections. More specifically, it is about two people who connect in the margins and write to each other from a distance. They write to each other, but they do not see each other. Messages are sent and received over time. Like the cave paintings of the K__. Like the messages exchanged between VMS and FXC. On and on it goes.
The telegraph is another means of connecting via writing over space and time. The word telegraph means, literally, writing at a distance. It seems interesting that a book about connections focuses so heavily on a city where the first submarine telegraph cable connected two countries and allowed them to begin writing at a distance to each other.
Consider the following clues in "S" that seem to continuously point back to the telegraph as a clue to something deeper.
The Archer's Tales, our mysterious book within Ship of Theseus, was written by a man named Arquimedes de Sobreiro. Sobreiro is the cork oak tree. A man named Robert Hooke (1635-1703) first viewed cells under a microscope inside a thin slice of cork from the sobreiro. He also is the origin of Hooke's Law, which leverages Archimedes Principle in springs. In addition, Hooke envisioned a method of writing at a distance…
Just over one hundred years before Claude and Ignace Chappe developed their famous Semaphore Telegraph System in France, Robert Hooke had devised a fully formed complete 'telegraph' system "shewing a Way how to communicate one's Mind at great Distances". (source)
Ernest Hemingway is mentioned several times in "S" – both in the footnotes of FXC (vi, 117) as well as in the marginalia of Eric and Jen (p?). In the margins, Hemingway and the "S" collective, including the S, are together at the Hotel Florida in Madrid, Spain, in 1937. The term for how journalists used to send informative but choppy messages across a telegraph was called cablese, or Hemingwayesque.
The last written form of communication that FXC received from VMS, other than Ship of Theseus itself, was a telegram saying that the two should meet in person. FXC sent an earlier telegram to him saying that she deperately needed to finish the book (xi). The two people never actually met. They only knew each other through distance writing – much of it telegrams.
S notices that two S symbols are in the scrollwork of the shutters on Zapadi's house. (p130-131) The precursor to the electric telegraph was the shutter telegraph, also known as a semaphore line or optical telegraph. The man who invented it (Claude Chappe) is the same man who coined the terms semaphore and telegraph.
The first time we meet the monkey at sea is p54. There, in the book, is an insert. A telegram. The telegram is sent from Valparaiso, Chile. Valparaiso, Indiana has a world famous telegraph and radio institute founded in 1891.
One of the S symbols appears on a building with the words CENTRAL POWER. Thomas Edison invented the central power plant in 1883. He also made his fortune in telegraphy.
There is no Hotel San Sebastián in Havana – where FXC and VMS were to meet (xi). However, the oldest hotel in all of Cuba is the Hotel Telegrafo in Havana.
On p268, the text of Ship of Theseus says, "After a time, he notices more distant sounds: a rumbly drone wrapped in the fricative static of an ill-tuned wireless. Perhaps, he thinks, this is the sound of time accelerating." The wireless he refers to is a wireless telegraph receiver not tuned well enough to hear the signal, but instead finds only static.
One of VMS's books is "Washington & Greene." P365 and other pages of marginalia point to the Triangle Shirtwaist fire that occurred at the Asch building (now known as the Brown building) at the intersection of Washington and Greene streets in Anaya's, just off Washington square. The building is now part of NYU. In 1837, Samuel Morse demonstrated his electric telegraph was capable of sending messages over 1/3 mile of cable – all running in circles around his room at NYU.
The Straka Obituary in the Baltimore Bugle-Telegraph has a front-page article cut out, with only a sliver of the title visible, but just enough to yield Tiny 'Moons' Circling the Earth Proposed. This is an actual article from 1946, and it predicts the birth of artificial satellites, specifically to aid in international wireless telegraphy.
Fn16, p353 mentions the VMS book "The Brigade". There is a clipper ship from the mid 1800s called "The Light Brigade". The original name for it was "The Ocean Telegraph."
p455 – Jen writes to Eric, I love you. Full stop. The End. The term "full stop" arose out of telegraph transmissions. The word "stop" was used at the end of each sentence to designate its conclusion. The term "full stop" was not used in such instances because it proved more expensive due to the addition of the word "full." The words "full stop" was utilized at the ultimate conclusion of the telegraph transmission to indicate its actual and ultimate complete conclusion. The term "full stop" continues to be widely used – again, particularly in the United Kingdom – when it comes to punctuation considerations and issues.
Jen writes We need to have enough to torpedo his idea (p236). The railway torpedo invented by Edward Alfred Cowper was used as a warning signal to train engineers. Cowper also invented the writing-telegraph, a device which allowed hand-written messages to be transmitted by telegraph. (@anabramsfan discovered this)
S grabs hold of a naval mine while swimming from his ship, which was destroyed by waterspouts, before emerging in the city of B__. He mentions this to others later (p122) and the alternative version of Chapter 10 has the mines return. Samuel Colt worked extensively in the development of naval mines. He also created an insulation for telegraph wires to work underwater and worked with Samuel Morse to test them. In one instance, a battery that once powered a naval mine was used to power a telegraph.
FXC mentions VMS's typescript (x). Eric mentions that it was prose like this that shows FXC was a hack. The first known computer/electronic hack was on a telegraph.
The first transatlantic radio signal ever successfully sent was by Marconi on December 12, 1901. He sent the letter "S" in morse code.
In Fn17, p354, FXC mentions that VMS would often cable (telegraph) her to explain that he was watching birds and needed time to do that and nothing else.
FXC is given the nickname nightingale by Eric on his postcards to Jen from Brazil. The USS Nightingale was used to lay telegraph cable across the Bering Strait.
The sailors wear osnaburg (p31,203). The origins of this word takes us to Osnabruck, Germany, home to Friedrich Clemens Gerke, a man instrumental in telegraphy and the finalization of Morse code.
Where do these allusions to the telegraph lead? I have some unformulated ideas. What do you think? Perhaps they lead to the next cipher and its solution…
You All Everybody
Archimedes de Sobreiro, cardan shaft, Doug Dorst, drive shaft, driveshaft, hieronymus cardanus, JJ Abrams, LOST, Robert Hooke, S, The Archer's Tales, V.M. Straka, VM Straka
In LOST, Charlie Hieronymus Pace is a member of a band called Drive Shaft. Both Charlie's middle name and the name of his band point to Hieronymus Cardanus – the inventor of the Cardan Shaft, also known as the drive shaft.
J.J. Abrams seems obsessed with the drive shaft, because it is referenced in "S" as well in much the same way – through a name.
In "S", we have a mysterious author of The Archer's Tales named Archimedes de Sobreiro. The word sobreiro means cork tree. In 1665, a man named Robert Hooke was first to discover cells when looking at thin slices of cork from the sobreiro through his crude compound microscope. And what else did Robert Hooke do? Plenty, and much of it resonates with themes in "S".
Invented the universal joint, also called Cardan's joint or Hooke's joint, used in virtually every modern day drive shaft.
Pioneered work in the scientific study of memory. Our main character S has lost his memory.
Theorized the nature of planetary motion and gravity. Archimedes invented the first known planetarium. Eric Husch worked in a planetarium, and the climactic confrontation between Eric Husch and Moody seems to have taken place in PSU's planetarium.
He advanced the precision of clocks and watches with his pioneering work in horology. Time is a major subject in "S".
He is known for Hooke's Law, which describes the forces and potential energy in springs. A device called the jolly balance combines Hooke's Law with springs and Archimedes' principle to determine specific gravity. Potentiality is a major theme in "S".
Robert Hooke directly connects us to Archimedes and sobreiro. He also connects us to LOST and time and memory and gravity and planetariums and potential energy.
I think there is more to learn from Robert Hooke. Would love to hear your thoughts on this new avenue of exploration.
UPDATE: Proceed to the sequel with much more information about Robert Hooke.


The prisoner exchange in Mersin, Turkey involved the crews of Italian warships Battisti, Pantera and Tiger, these three vessels had scuttled themselves on the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea in the April 1941 and the crews were interned by the neutral Saudis.
At the time, Saudi Arabia was a backwater desert kingdom, largely cut off from the outside world and neutral in the war. The arrival of around 600 Italian sailors represented a major source of embarrassment, of course they had to be interned but were definitely not prisoners of war. Unfortunately for the Saudis, that meant that they had to be housed, fed, and provided medical services, all of which created a serious administrative burden.
As a result the Saudi government repeatedly turned to the British government in an attempt to find some way to get rid of these unwanted guests. They could not simply hand them over to the British as they would then become prisoners of war, by the same token they could not send them back to Italy as that would have been aiding and abetting the axis powers.
The British also had a dilemma, they wanted to prevent the return of so many fit sailors to the still active Italian fleet. However, at the same time there was also concern about the presence of such a large group of potentially hostile seamen in the vicinity of Britain's vital communication lines between the Middle East and India.
sailors in Italy . The initiative was welcomed by the Saudi and Italian governments, and in October '42 Turkey submitted the proposal to the British. The British Government jumped at the chance, suggesting that they could arrange to exchange some other prisoners of war currently in their hands.
Events moved fairly quickly from that point, the British government accepted the proposal on October 11, 1942, the Italians confirmed their acceptance on January 22, 1943, and the exchange took place in the port of Mersin Turkey March 20, 1943. In that port the British liner H.M.T. Talma and the Italian hospital ship Gradisca met and made the exchange. It was an interesting exchange, because both ships were at anchor in the harbour and prisoners were exchanged by means of barges from one ship to another, at no time did any of them touch Turkish soil. This exchange was unusual in several other respects too, not the least of which was this was totally organised between the respective governments with no involvement from the Red Cross at all.
One problem solved, but as is often the case another one was created. Article 74 of the Geneva Convention of 1929 says that when wounded or sick prisoners of war are repatriated they can not later return to the field of battle, to send these servicemen back to war is considered a war crime. The problem here is those that drafted the convention had not foreseen a situation like there was in Mersin in 1943. From the Italian side of things, their people had not been prisoners of war, were not injured or sick. While the British had been P.O.W's they were not injured or sick either so the big question was did Article 74 apply?
In early August 1943 one of the repatriated British sailors requested to see the commodore in command of the Royal Navy depot in Devonport to get a clarification on his status . He informed the commodore that before his release from the P.O.W camp in Italy he had signed a number of documents, one of which, according to him, said he agreed that he would not take up arms against any of the Axis powers. Another document given to the sailor by the Italians was effectively a ' certificate of demobilization ' !
The British authorities thought on this long and hard before finally coming to the following conclusion:- no one questions the validity of Article. 74 of the Geneva Convention of 1929, however, the exchange of Anglo - Italian personnel in Mersin was held outside of the Convention , because the Italians were not repatriated prisoners of war but interned in a neutral country; and that although the British sailors were undoubtedly prisoners of war , were neither sick nor wounded, therefore not covered by the Geneva Convention . Especially since neither the Red Cross or other similar body had been in any way involved .


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TNF-α production induced by a human-type PO-CpG ODN2006 was also
TNF-α production induced by a human-type PO-CpG ODN2006 was also increased by co-incubation
with DNase I-treated GpC ODN2006 or DNase I-treated ODN1720 in the cells (Supporting Information Fig. 2). To evaluate the involvement of TLR9 in the DNase I-treated DNA-mediated increase in cytokine production, similar experiments were carried out using splenic macrophages and the production of TNF-α (Fig. 1C) and IL-6 (Fig. 1D) was examined. The addition of LPS, a positive control, induced significant TNF-α production in splenic macrophages from both WT and TLR9 knockout (KO) mice, indicating the ability of these cells to produce cytokines. In the cells from WT mice, DNase I-treated DNA significantly increased the ODN1668-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6. find more However, no such increase was observed in splenic macrophages from TLR9 KO mice. Next, we evaluated the effect of DNase I-treated DNA on the TNF-α production induced by ligands other than ODN1668. The following ligands were selected and used: pCMV-Luc, a double-stranded circular DNA containing many CpG motifs; ODN2216, a CpG ODN with phosphorothioate (PS) bonds at the both ends; PS-1668, a PS-type CpG ODN having the same sequence as ODN1668; non-CpG lipoplex, a complex consisting of pCpG-ΔLuc and cationic liposomes, which was reported to be a ligand for cytosolic DNA
receptors 18, 19; polyI:C, a double-stranded RNA and a ligand for TLR3; LPS, a ligand for TLR4; and imiquimod, a ligand for TLR7 20, 21. Based on preliminary experiments, the concentration of each ligand was set at low levels to avoid saturation of TNF-α production in cells. Each ligand induced Saracatinib supplier significant TNF-α production in RAW264.7 cells at varying levels (Fig. 2, hatched bars). DNase I-treated ODN1720 significantly increased pCMV-Luc-induced TNF-α production, but it hardly affected TNF-α production induced by other ligands (Fig. 2, black bars). Dipeptidyl peptidase Again, ODN1720 showed no significant effects on the TNF-α production induced by any of these ligands (Fig. 2, gray bars). These results indicate that the DNase-I-treated DNA-mediated increase in cytokine production is specific to two TLR9 ligands, ODN1668
and pCMV-Luc. Additionally, we examined the effects of DNase I-treated DNA on TNF-α production induced by another 26-mer ODN containing three potent CpG motifs, 5′-TCGACGTTTTGACGTTTTGACGTTTT-3′. The addition of DNase I-treated ODN1720 also increased the TNF-α production induced by this CpG ODN (data not shown). Taken together, these results suggest that the effect of DNase I-treated ODN1720 on cytokine production is independent of the sequence and length of CpG DNA, and not restricted to single-stranded DNA. To examine which components of DNase I-treated DNA were responsible for the increase in the CpG motif-dependent TNF-α production, RAW264.7 cells were incubated with ODN1668 in the presence of nucleotides or nucleosides (Fig. 3A).
In contrast, circulating IgA levels in control wool lambs remaine
In contrast, circulating IgA levels in control wool lambs remained low and stable following initial larval exposure, and breed differences in circulating IgA were thus larger in control lambs. Greater responses in circulating IgA in response to transient exposure to parasite larvae in control hair lambs suggests a more robust response to this 'natural' vaccination protocol. IgA concentrations in hair sheep were somewhat higher than those reported for wool sheep in previous studies. Larval antigen-specific IgA production has been reported to peak between 1 and 2 weeks p.i. (42,44). However, total IgA in serum in our infected lambs continued to increase through 3 weeks
p.i. in both breeds. Previous studies have not observed higher serum IgA concentrations in resistant breeds including the Gulf EPZ-6438 mouse coast native (40), Santa Ines (17) and Barbados Blackbelly (34) compared with susceptible wool breeds, which may indicate that St. Croix hair sheep have a novel resistance mechanism that is absent in other resistant breeds. Globule leucocytes are described as partially
de-granulated intraepithelial mast cells (45) and have been suggested to be responsible for larvae damage and expulsion within the first few days of infection. Unlike eosinophils (46,47), mast cells bind IgE (41), leading to similar co-dependency to that suggested for eosinophils BMN 673 cell line and IgA. Breed differences in abomasal globule leucocytes were not significant in this study, but levels tended to be greater in hair sheep at 27 days p.i. This result is less striking than the 15- to 40-fold increase in globule leucocytes of younger infected hair compared with wool lambs reported by Gamble and Zajac (18). However, breed differences in concentration Protein kinase N1 of globule leucocytes have been reported to be minimal by 1 year of age (3) and hence age differences probably contribute to apparent inconsistencies among studies. Associations of increased globule leucocytes with lower FEC, lower worm numbers and decreased female worm length are present in young animals (11,15,48), suggesting a role for these cells in resistance and are consistent with our favourable association of globule
leucocyte numbers with IgE in the lymph nodes and PCV at 21 days p.i. Measurement of sheep IgE was first reported by Shaw et al. (49) and Kooyman et al. (8) and several studies have shown that sheep infected with GIN have increased total and worm-antigen-specific IgE (8,12,13,50,51). Mean serum IgE levels in our lambs exceeded 60 ng/mL through 16 days p.i. in infected lambs of both hair and wool types. IgE levels were similarly elevated through the first 16 days following exposure and subsequent de-worming in control hair lambs, but were only transiently elevated in control wool lambs over the same period. These patterns suggest a similar change in circulating IgE following infection in the two breeds with a potentially more robust vaccination response in hair lambs, similar to that observed for circulating IgA.
The role of STAT3
for normal signalling of the IL-6 recep
for normal signalling of the IL-6 receptor has important consequences for normal host defence. Together with other cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-23, the IL-6/STAT3 pathway is crucial for the normal development of CD4+–T helper type 17 (Th17) cells [6,7]. Because IL-17 has an important role in the activation of neutrophil-dependent immunity [8], defective Th17 generation as a result of STAT3 mutation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIES. In a recent paper, Milner et al. have demonstrated that T lymphocytes from patients with HIES are unable to differentiate into Th17 after mitogenic stimulation [9]. These data were supported by two reports that also showed defective generation of Th17 when anti-CD3/anti-CD28/IL-2
or cytokine cocktails were used [10,11]. These studies reported the defective generation of Th17 using mitogenic cocktails in patients with established Venetoclax manufacturer Selleck MK-1775 mutations in the SH2 and DNA-binding domains of STAT3. In contrast, patients with atopic dermatitis and high IgE, but without skin and respiratory infections and without STAT3 mutations, had normal Th17 responses [9,12]. In the present paper, we aimed to extend these initial findings by investigating the generation of Th17 cells and IL-17 production by relevant microbial stimuli for HIES. In addition, we assessed Th17 profiles in three distinct groups of patients: 'classical' HIES patients with STAT3 mutations in the SH2/DNA-binding domains, 'classical' HIES without STAT3 mutations and a family with 'variant' HIES that we described as having a milder clinical phenotype [13], with deletion of a triplet in the linker domain. The differences in the degree of IL-17 production defects after stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans determined the severity of the clinical phenotype. Eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIES at the out-patient clinic for infectious diseases and immunodeficiencies of the Department of General Internal Medicine Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase of Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre were enrolled into the study. Three of these patients were family members. After
informed consent, blood was collected from eight healthy, non-smoking volunteers who were free of infectious or inflammatory disease and the enrolled HIES patients by venipuncture into 10 ml ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) syringes (Monoject; BD Vacutainer, Plymouth, UK). STAT3 mutation analysis was kindly performed in the Laboratory of Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (head Professor Roberto Colombo). C. albicans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) MYA-3573 (UC820), a strain well described elsewhere [14], was used. C. albicans was grown overnight in Sabouraud broth at 37°C, cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed twice and resuspended in culture medium (RPMI-1640 Dutch modification; ICN Biomedicals, Aurora, OH, USA) [15]. C.
Antibiotics can clear most infections and have a benefit for indi
Antibiotics can clear most infections and have a benefit for individual patients, but because of the large number of infected people and the increasing resistance to antibiotics, a more realistic
approach is the development of a vaccine. Granted that some experts doubt the possibility of making a protective H. pylori vaccine because the natural infection persists despite the host developing a strong immune response (Blanchard & Czinn, 2000). Yet, the fact that a postinfection immune response is not able to clear an infection does not necessarily negate the possibility that preinfection immunity may prevent the acquisition of a new infection. In fact, experimental animal selleck chemical data suggest that oral administration of Helicobacter-specific antibodies may be effective to prevent as well as to treat Helicobacter infection (Czinn et al., 1993; Casswall et al., 2002; Gorell & Robins-Browne, 2009). For 20 years, a number of researchers have been working toward the development of a vaccine to prevent H. pylori infection (Czinn & Nedrud, 1991). Of the various candidate antigens, the most promising is the B subunit of the urease protein (urease B), a 65-kDa protein encoded in a 1.7-kbp gene. The protein, which is exposed on the LBH589 research buy surface of the cell membrane, frequently
elicits an immune response (Futagami et al., 1998), and its activity (likely by counteracting the gastric acidity) is crucial for the survival of this bacterium, as shown by the fact that urease-deficient H. pylori mutants fail to colonize the gastric mucosa (Eaton et al., 1991). Ferrero et al. (1994) reported that Flavopiridol (Alvocidib) immunization with urease B resulted in 25–60% protection against Helicobacter felis (the Helicobacter species that naturally infects mice) challenge, as compared with no protection with urease A. Subsequent work has shown that mice immunized with whole-cell lysate or urease B purified protein (either natural or recombinant) results in protection against infection following challenge with either H. pylori SS1 (an H. pylori strain adapted
to colonize mice) (Kleanthous et al., 1998) or H. felis (Chen et al., 1992; Michetti et al., 1994). Despite these progresses, a vaccine for H. pylori remains elusive. Immunization of mice results in a reduction but rarely an elimination of Helicobacter organisms in the stomach (Sutton et al., 2000) and the few attempts to immunize human volunteers have not resulted in adequate immunogenicity (Kreiss et al., 1996; Michetti et al., 1999; Kotloff et al., 2001). Therefore, even though urease B remains an attractive candidate, its immunogenicity has to be improved. To achieve this goal, researchers have experimented with various strong adjuvants (such as Freund's, cholera toxin or Escherichia coli labile toxin), but due to their toxicity, they have no human application.
Specific central memory CD4+ T cells, defined by CCR7 expression,
Specific central memory CD4+ T cells, defined by CCR7 expression, were virtually undetectable 2 months after vaccination. A change to central
memory phenotype may occur at a later post-vaccination time and this will be explored in future studies. In MVA85A-vaccinated subjects from the UK, Ag85A-specific T-cell proliferation peaked 6 months post-vaccination 32. Interestingly, in mice MVA-induced CD8+ T cells mostly convert to a central memory phenotype within weeks of immunization 44, suggesting that the rate of conversion to central memory cells may differ between species. In other human studies, we have also consistently observed predominant effector phenotypes of human mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cells in infants 33, 45 and adults 20. Mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cells from children with latent M.tb infection or active TB 16, and chronically HIV-infected adults with latent M.tb infection 46, Aloxistatin also display this phenotype. Long-lived central memory cells prevail when Ag is cleared after vaccination, e.g. after tetanus toxoid vaccination 42, whereas chronic CMV, EBV or HIV infection is associated with predominance of effector memory cells 47. One might hypothesize
that chronic exposure to mycobacterial Ag is responsible for our observed phenotype. Adolescents with latent M.tb infection, one potential source of such chronic exposure, were not enrolled Astemizole into our study. Additional studies are required to dissect this further. No serious adverse events were recorded, and mild local reactions at the vaccination site were Ceritinib chemical structure predominant. These reactions were commonly reported in the first week after vaccination, did not interfere with daily activities and did not persist. Systemic reactions were uncommon and included mild flu-like symptoms. Clinically, there were no major differences between the adolescents' and the children's experience in the trial with a slightly increased incidence of non-vaccine-related systemic events reflecting
this younger age group's increased risk of transient viral illnesses. This complements the good safety profile of MVA85A found in healthy adults from the same region 25, the United Kingdom 36 and The Gambia 24, as well as other recombinant MVA being tested in clinical trials 40, 48. Together these small phase I/II trials demonstrate a very promising safety profile of MVA85A, which is now being assessed in larger groups of participants, in an infant, phase IIb safety and efficacy study. In conclusion, MVA85A was found to be safe and highly immunogenic in TB-naïve, HIV-uninfected adolescents and children. The vaccine induced durable, polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses with a CCR7− effector memory phenotype. These data support future studies to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccine to prevent TB.
The up-regulation of TLR-2 and/or TLR-4 has been shown in macroph
The up-regulation of TLR-2 and/or TLR-4 has been shown in macrophages and gingival fibroblasts of inflamed periodontal tissue [15], which suggests that innate immune responses involving the TLRs as signalling receptors contribute to the inflammatory or immune response of periodontal tissue. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is the human orthologue of the yeast Sir2 protein, the prototypic class III histone deacetylase. SIRT1 has been shown to play a central role in a variety of cellular processes such as stress resistance, metabolism, differentiation and ageing [16]. We have demonstrated previously that SIRT1 exerts anti-inflammatory
effects through Selleckchem Bortezomib the modulation of osteoclastogenic cytokine levels in human PDL cells [17]. Furthermore, SIRT1 has been implicated in the regulation of immune function, as it is expressed at high levels in the thymus, Silmitasertib research buy including in CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes, and knocking out SIRT1 increases sensitivity to ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis [18]. Moreover, treatment of T cells with resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, suppresses proliferation and cytokine production
in vitro[19]. Resveratrol also suppresses immune functions by inducing lymphocyte apoptosis [20]. These results suggest that SIRT1 may be involved in the production of immune defence genes in MS-stimulated PDL cells. We have reported previously that MS induces inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as defence genes such as haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in human dental pulp cells [21]. Recently, we demonstrated that MS modulates odontoblastic/osteoblastic differentiation via modulation of the HO-1 pathway in dental pulp and PDL cells [22,23]. Although the activation of TLRs and production of anti-microbial peptides, cytokines and chemokines, as well as their receptors, are implicated in innate and adaptive immunity [24], there is little information on the involvement of SIRT1 in MS-induced immune genes of PDL cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the role of SIRT1 in the effects of MS on the expression Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase of immune response genes in human PDL cells and to identify the underlying mechanisms involved. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and other tissue culture reagents were purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Resveratrol and sirtinol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Affinity purified polyclonal antibodies against mouse TLR-2, TLR-4, I-κBα, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and β-actin monoclonal antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against phospho-extracellular-regulated kinase (p-ERK), ERK, phospho-p38 (p-p38), p38, phospho- c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and JNK were purchased from Cell Signaling Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA).
Conclusion: EETs are beneficial in
Conclusion: EETs are beneficial in www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html the setting of lung ischemia–reperfusion, when administered at reperfusion. However, further study will be needed to elucidate the mechanism of action. "
"Please cite this paper as: McGahon MK, McKee J, Dash DP, Brown E, Simpson DA, Curtis TM, McGeown JG, Scholfield CN. Pharmacological profiling of store-operated Ca2+ entry in retinal arteriolar smooth muscle. Microcirculation 19:
586–597, 2012. Objective: Pharmacological profiling of SOCE and molecular profiling of ORAI and TRPC expression in arterioles. Methods: Fura-2-based microfluorimetry was used to assess CPA-induced SOCE in rat retinal arteriolar myocytes. Arteriolar ORAI and TRP transcript expression was screened using RT-PCR. Results: The SKF96365 and LOE908 blocked SOCE (IC50s of 1.2 and 1.4 μm, respectively). Gd3+ and La3+ potently inhibited SOCE (IC50s of 21 and 42 nm, respectively), but Ni2+ showed lower potency (IC50 = 11.6 μm). 2APB inhibited SOCE (IC50 = 3.7 μm) Selleckchem Kinase Inhibitor Library but enhanced
basal influx (>100 μm). Verapamil and nifedipine had no effect at concentrations that inhibit L-type Ca2+ channels, but diltiazem inhibited SOCE by approximately 40% (≥0.1 μm). The RT-PCR demonstrated transcript expression for ORAI 1, 2, and 3, and TRPC1, 3, 4, and 7. Transcripts for TRPV1 and 2, which are activated by 2APB, were also expressed. Conclusions: The pharmacological profile of SOCE in retinal arteriolar smooth muscle appears unique when compared with other vascular Sodium butyrate tissues.
This suggests that the molecular mechanisms underlying SOCE can differ, even in closely related tissues. Taken together, the pharmacological and molecular data are most consistent with involvement of TRPC1 in SOCE, although involvement of ORAI or other TRPC channels cannot be excluded. "
"Microcirculation (2010) 17, 69–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00002.x Background: This study was designed to explore the effect of transient inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) overexpression via cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer on cardiac function, fibrosis, and microvascular perfusion in a porcine model of chronic ischemia. Methods and Results: Chronic myocardial ischemia was induced using a minimally invasive model in 23 landrace pigs. Upon demonstration of heart failure, 10 animals were treated with liposome-mediated iNOS-gene-transfer by local intramyocardial injection and 13 animals received a sham procedure to serve as control. The efficacy of this iNOS-gene-transfer was demonstrated for up to 7 days by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in preliminary studies. Four weeks after iNOS transfer, magnetic resonance imaging showed no effect of iNOS overexpression on cardiac contractility at rest and during dobutamine stress (resting ejection fraction: control 27%, iNOS 26%; P = ns). Late enhancement, infarct size, and the amount of fibrosis were similar between groups.
Recently we have developed a novel method to induce IL-17 product
Recently we have developed a novel method to induce IL-17 production and generate Th17 cells using exclusively microbial stimulation [18], a method that
mimics much more closely the in vivo conditions during infection. Although we can confirm defective Th17 generation and IL-17 production by cells isolated check details from patients with HIES [9–11], several important aspects are now apparent when using this improved methodology. First, defective IL-17 induction differs between stimulation with S. aureus or C. albicans. When Th17 responses were assessed both these microorganisms, which are the most important in HIES patients, were equally defective in generating CD4+ IL-17+ cells. Surprisingly, however, C. albicans
was still capable of stimulating approximately 20–30% of normal IL-17 production, while S. aureus was completely defective as an IL-17 stimulus in HIES patients (Fig. 1c). This finding is important as it may explain why it is mainly mucosal; nailbed infection is the most common Candida complication in HIES patients (83% in one large study), while systemic candidiasis is relatively rare [3]. Notably, patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis who have the same clinical spectrum of Candida infection [19] have also been reported to have a specific defect in Candida-induced GSK2126458 IL-17 production [20]. This supports the conclusion that IL-17 is important in mucosal anti-Candida host defence and that the lower IL-17 found in our patients is indeed clinically relevant. Secondly, an important observation of our study is represented by
stiripentol indistinguishable immunological responses in patients with the 'classical' clinical form of HIES, independent of the presence or absence of STAT3 mutations. All the patients who had a strong phenotype of the disease displayed similar defects in IL-17 production and Th17 generation. Our data are supported by the report of one HIES patient without STAT3 mutation and defective Th17 responses [21], and suggests strongly that in patients with the 'classical' presentation of HIES, but in which no STAT3 mutation is found, defects in the same immunological pathways are the most probable cause of the disease. This may also imply that defective Th17 responses are a more sensitive diagnostic tool for HIES. Thirdly, one of the most interesting findings of our study is the description of a clear association of a milder phenotype of the disease in a Dutch family with a less severe defect in IL-17 production, due probably to the linker domain triplet that did not lead to a frameshift [13]. Patients from this family suffer from skin infections with S. aureus, candidiasis of the nailbeds (but not of the mucosae), dermatitis, hyper-IgE and eosinophilia, but they lack any respiratory infections (either with S. aureus or other pathogens).
We believe that in some circumstances, small expression differenc
We believe that in some circumstances, small expression differences in multiple genes acting in the same signalling pathway could serve as a valuable biomarker
of diabetogenic process. Unexpectedly, the biggest differences in gene expression GSI-IX ic50 profile were found between the group of healthy relatives (DRLN) and the control group. Several of those differentially expressed immunorelevant genes are those regulating inflammation and innate immune responses. Data presented in this study suggest that predisposition to T1D can be generated by the action of myriad of genes with only a slightly altered gene expression levels. Thus, healthy, autoantibody-negative first-degree relatives of patients with T1D are predisposed to react inadequately to certain environmental and/or endogenous stimuli owing to their genetically controlled bias towards enhanced proinflammatory responses. However, in normal circumstances, the https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay80-6946.html propensity for such responses in these subjects seems to be counterbalanced by the opposing action of the regulatory
T cells [14] or by other mechanisms [45], keeping chronic inflammatory responses on low levels. For this reason, vast majority of genetically predisposed people to autoimmune diabetes can stay healthy for entire duration of his/her life. However, in some cases, when the inflammatory responses are exacerbated and/or the regulation of negatively acting circuit is insufficient, the initiation of autoimmune processes leads to the production of
autoantibodies and insulitis. As this process might employ distinct and much smaller set of genes, the whole-genome expression profile stabilizes, resembling rather a 'normal' landscape of expression profile. The other possibility is that once beta-islet autoimmunity is initiated and the pancreas becomes a target for lymphocyte infiltration, PMBCs with proinflammatory attributes are depleted from the circulation and/or home to the pancreas and pancreatic draining lymph nodes, thus becoming invisible for their detection in the peripheral blood. This scenario could explain why significant differences in gene expression profile are observed between DRLN and DRLP PRKACG groups. From this point of view, DRLN seems to be a suitable target for discerning vital information about genes with immune and/or non-immune importance and their potential role in the initiation of molecular processes leading to the development of T1D. Once DRLN subjects became autoantibody positive (DRLP), most gene expression–related differences disappear. Results of this study and in particular the conclusion that non-specific immune processes and proinflammatory milieu are essential for the establishment of destructive insulitis are in agreement with conclusions from previous reports that provided an analogous insight into T1D pathogenesis [10, 12–14].
9±5 5 (P=0 003) To determine whether the advantage of B paraper
9±5.5 (P=0.003). To determine whether the advantage of B. parapertussis was manifest at earlier stages of infection, mice (four per group) were inoculated as in the previous experiment with a mixed 1 : 1 inoculum of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis and euthanized at days 1, 2, 4 and 7 postinoculation. buy Galunisertib The competitive advantage of B. parapertussis was observed as early as 24 h postinoculation (mean CI=7) and was maintained through the peak of infection (Fig. 1b). Together, these data indicate that B. parapertussis not only outcompetes B. pertussis in a mixed infection, but also that it benefits
from the presence of B. pertussis in the infection. To further explore the competition between these two organisms in a mixed infection, mice (four per group) were infected with mixed inocula selleck at ratios (B. pertussis to B. parapertussis) of 10 : 1, 3 : 1, 1 : 3 and 1 : 10 (106 total CFU). Mice were euthanized 7 days postinoculation, and the bacterial load and ratio of the two organisms were determined as before. Bordetella parapertussis outcompeted B. pertussis
at all inoculum ratios (Fig. 2). In mice where the inoculum contained B. parapertussis as the predominant strain (1 : 3 and 1 : 10), B. pertussis was at a significant disadvantage, with relatively low CFU recovered from the mice (no B. pertussis was recovered from two mice in the 1 : 10 group). Remarkably, even when the inoculum contained 10-fold excess of B. pertussis (10 : 1), greater CFU of B. parapertussis were recovered from the host, with a mean CI of 31 (Fig. 2). Overall, these data show that B. parapertussis is able to outcompete B. pertussis in a mixed infection over a range of input ratios and apparently gains a greater advantage (higher CI) when the initial inoculum contains higher numbers of B. pertussis. To determine
whether the advantage to B. parapertussis occurs early in the process of infection, experiments were conducted staggering the inoculation with the two organisms. Two different staggered inoculations were tested: (1) mice were inoculated first with 2.5 × 105 CFU B. pertussis (t0) and were inoculated HSP90 3 h later with 2.5 × 105 CFU B. parapertussis (t3), or (2) mice were inoculated initially with 2.5 × 105 CFU B. pertussis (d0) and inoculated 24 h later with 2.5 × 105 CFU B. parapertussis (d1). Mice from each group were euthanized on day 2 post-B. pertussis inoculation, and the bacterial loads and the ratio of the two organisms recovered were determined. In mice inoculated at t0 and t3, greater numbers of B. parapertussis than B. pertussis were recovered (CI=1.82, P<0.05, data not shown). When the inoculations were staggered by 24 h, neither strain had a significant advantage (CI=0.9, data not shown), even though B. pertussis colonization began 24 h earlier than that of B. parapertussis. These data indicate that B. parapertussis can outcompete B. pertussis during early infection even when B.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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On Monday, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed into law two bills that dramatically escalate the government's censorship of the internet and crackdown on free speech. The first bill provides for the removal of and ban on sites and blogs that allegedly spread "fake news", and the fining of their authors. The second outlaws the alleged disparaging of state symbols and the government, and the inciting of society to "hooliganism".
Individuals accused of spreading "unreliable information" on "socially significant" issues that could cause harm to individuals or social disorder, can be fined 30,000-100,000 rubles (US$ 466-1,553) for their first violation of the law – an amount that surpasses what a sizable portion of the population make in a month – and up to 400,000 rubles (US$ 6,211) for repeated offenses. Legal entities can be charged up to 1,5 million rubles (US$ 23,292).
What constitutes "unreliable information" is nowhere defined and will be decided by the General Prosecutor's office, which will be overseeing the implementation of the law, as well as the state agency Roskomnadzor (Russian Communication Oversight), the main agency responsible for the surveillance and censorship of the internet in Russia.
The two laws are part of an international campaign by the ruling class to crack down on the internet, which has become the main platform for the dissemination and discussion of news and opinions that run counter to the official bourgeois mainstream media, as well as for the organization of demonstrations and strikes.
The bill had been approved in a first and second reading by the Russian parliament earlier this year, amid a strike of some 12,000 truckers in southern Russia. The signing of the bills by Putin occurred on the same day as medical personnel at several hospitals in Novosibirsk launched a work-to-rule action to protest against their miserable salaries (about 20,000 rubles monthly or US$ 314 with overtime) and the ongoing cuts in the health care sector.
If the US political establishment and corporate media have based their campaign of internet censorship ideologically on the fight against alleged "fake news" with reference to the "Russian meddling" in the election, the Russian government and state media have justified Moscow's own clamping down on free speech on the internet by citing the international campaign against "fake news" as well as the Ukraine conflict and the overt propaganda by the Western bourgeois media.
Amid escalating tensions with the US and European imperialist powers, and rising levels of social inequality, the Russian government in recent years has worked to set up what is now a comprehensive framework for the surveillance of the internet and individual users. It has banned the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) that hide users' actual internet IP, allowing them to surf on the internet without being automatically identifiable; public WiFis require personal identification for usage and the government has also obliged corporations running social media platforms to store their information about users on Russian servers and make them available upon request to the secret service. Meanwhile, a 2018 attempt to ban the popular messaging app Telegram, which enables encrypted communication, has largely failed.
In addition to these two new censorship laws, the Russian government is also actively preparing to create a Russian internet that would be separate from the World Wide Web. In February, the Russian parliament approved the first reading of a such a bill. The Kremlin has presented the law as a response to the US national cybersecurity strategy that was passed in 2018, and Putin has defended the law as necessary to guarantee the "security" of Russian citizens.
While there is no question that the open war preparations by the United States and NATO against Russia are a major motivation for the efforts to create a separate Russian internet, at least as important a factor is the fear of the Russian oligarchy that the internet can be used by Russian workers and youth to access information about and link up their struggles with the growing struggles of the working class all over the world. Russia is the most unequal large economy in the world, with the top 1 percent owning as much as one-third of the country's net wealth and the bottom 50 percent of the population owning less than 5 percent.
The yellow vest protests in France, as well as the strikes by Iranian workers and, most recently, the mass protests and strikes in Algeria have been closely followed in Russia, where over 90 percent of the population has expressed opposition to the raising of the retirement age by five years, which was rammed through in the summer and fall of last year.
The US media coverage of the new censorship laws in Russia, feigning outrage over the Kremlin's crackdown, has been entirely hypocritical. Thus, the editorial board of the Washington Post denounced as an "authoritarian assault" on the "potential value of the Internet, and its very freedom".
The same Washington Post has been fully complicit in the internet censorship campaign in the US. It has been one of most vociferous proponents of a campaign against "fake news", and, in November 2016, it published a "black list" of anti-war and left-wing web sites, many of which, including the World Socialist Web Site, were subsequently demoted by Google in search results, and purged by Facebook.


Every day I walk into my community feeling incredibly proud of the team who work extremely hard to deliver the best care services to my residents.
I feel very blessed to work in such a warm and welcoming environment. The word 'community' is the most apt description of Sunrise of Banstead.
I have been working as a Senior Wellbeing Assistant at Sunrise of Banstead for the past 10 years and I have recently been promoted internally to the role of Deputy Manager. I am delighted to be able to use my clinical experience to continue working with the team to ensure that the health and safety of all residents is effectively assessed, planned, implemented and evaluated. I feel privileged to work in such a wonderful community. The dedication and care this team demonstrates every single day, to every single resident, guarantees a warm and loving atmosphere for us all, residents and staff alike. This is not just a job, it's a rewarding way of life.
I was really pleased with our excellent CQC report, especially as it was full of excellent comments from residents and their families.
I have joined Sunrise of Banstead in 2016 as Reminiscence Co-ordinator. Previously worked at Sunrise for 4 years. I feel honoured to be part of such an amazing team who demonstrate love and kindness to our residents. I am really proud to work with such a great team and feel that we can make a difference to make each day meaningful and enhance the quality of life for our residents. I am passionate about person centred care for residents with dementia. Sunrise has enabled me to deliver person-centred care on the daily basis. I really enjoy supporting our residents and their families through their journey with dementia.
There are very few jobs that offer the daily satisfaction and fulfilment that mine does!
Seeing the expression on residents' faces and hearing the enjoyment in their voices as they take part in our daily activities makes me feel immensely proud and content. I wouldn't swap it for anything!
I joined Sunrise in November 2013 and talk to potential residents and their families thinking about moving into Sunrise. I have nearly 30 years of background in financial services advising residents on how to pay for care.
It is a joy for me to see the positive difference moving into Sunrise can make to people's lives and this in turn makes my job so rewarding.


text:
Suwe Ora Jamu's bottled jamus range. (JG Photo/Cahya Nugraha)
Jamu Your Way to Good Health
BY :JOY MUCHTAR
Jakarta. Jamu, pronounced ja-moo, is an Indonesian traditional herbal drink that many people in the country still consume in copious quantities, in the hope that they would never have to go to the doctor. Made from all-natural ingredients, jamu – which comes in many different varieties – is supposed to help cure all sorts of physical ailments from masuk angin (common cold), heart disease to impotence.
There are different ways to make jamu from scratch and all of them are time-consuming. The most common ways are by cold-pressing the raw ingredients or putting them in a pot to boil and simmer.
But now, even if you go to a traditional-looking warung jamu (jamu stall), most likely you'll be served instant jamu that comes out of a foil pack.
This can be a good thing for fans of jamu, at least you no longer have to wait for a "Mbok Jamu" to go past your house. A dying breed, these roving jamu sellers, mostly women, carry a basket of bottled herbal drinks tied to their back and sell jamu door-to-door.
And if you want to have a more upmarket experience while supping on what is essentially reconstituted roots, there are now modern jamu bars where you can drink your way to better health without losing your cool.
1. Warung Jamu Bukti Mentjos
A heartwarming laugh booms throughout the room as 58-year-old Horatius Romuli tells us about the early beginning of his family business. Romuli is a third-generation owner of the Warung Jamu Bukti Mentjos, which was first opened by his late grandmother sometime in the 1950s.
Romuli's grandmother, Ong Siang Tjoen, known in the family as Oma Ong (Grandma Ong), was already well-known for her herbal concoctions when she was still living in Solo, Central Java, back in the 1940s.
"My Oma's jamu could cure anything from body aches, common cold to diarrhea," Romuli said.
When the family moved to Jakarta in the 1950s, they decided to open a small shop across the road from the now defunct Mentjos Market near Salemba in Central Jakarta – hence the name of their shop – to sell their herbal remedies. They have stayed at the same location since.
The secret recipe for Romuli's grandmother's jamu has been passed down through generations. "As far as I know, there isn't a jamu school in Indonesia where you can learn how to create a formula for it," Romuli said.
"Oma left a book filled with her own handwriting where she put down the recipes for her jamu. That's where we learn how to make them. We've never changed the basic recipes, though we've added some ingredients over the years," Romuli said.
For example, since most traditional jamu drinks taste bitter, Horatius now offers his jamu in three different levels of sweetness.
Warung Jamu Bukti Mentjos also makes their jamu concoctions available in capsules and individually packed foil packs.
"Many people enjoy drinking jamu but they can't be bothered making it from scratch," Romuli said.
All of the jamu ingredients at the shop come from the same suppliers in Solo since it was first opened.
"They still produce the best ingredients for our jamu," Romuli said.
Romuli still comes to the shop often and would happily tell you the fine differences between his secret powdered herb formulas number 1 to 24 and advise you which one would make you feel better.
Address: Jl. Salemba Tengah No.48, Senen, Central Jakarta
Contact: (021) 3908645
2. Suwe Ora Jamu
Nova Dewi drank jamu every day when she was a child that she was so disappointed to find there weren't many jamu places in Jakarta when she moved to the capital eight years ago from Surabaya.
"I've never had to take medicine since I was young and one of the reasons is I think because I regularly drink jamu," Nova said.
"Suwe Ora Jamu" is the title of a traditional Javanese children's song that means "It's been a long time since you've drunk jamu." Nova adopted the phrase as the name for her jamu joint to create a feeling of nostalgia for the small chic shop nestled in a trendy area of South Jakarta.
"My grandmother used to tell me that you have to prepare jamu with your heart because jamu means a prayer for your health," Nova said.
"Jamu is not medicine though. It's a healthy herbal drink that you drink so you don't get sick. You don't drink it to cure a sickness," she said.
"All of the jamus at our shop are based on my grandma's recipes, but I modified them to suit young people's taste," Nova said.
Nova also makes it easier for busy urbanites to drink jamu by selling bottled versions of her concoction.
She also makes jamu mocktails that are quite popular with her shop's regulars. One of them is "Kunyit [Turmeric] Squash." The turmeric is chopped, grated and finely squeezed. The thick orange liquid is then mixed with lemon juice and plain soda. The sunset-colored drink tastes tangy and refreshing.
Its "Kunyit Asam" ("Turmeric and Tamarind") is sprinkled with finely ground black pepper to activate the turmeric's benefits for your body.
"Some of the traditional jamus are very bitter and the colors are not very attractive. We've made our jamus milder so everyone can enjoy them," Nova said.
Though her jamus have a modernized taste, they're still made from natural ingredients. Its "Rosella," for example, uses real red flowers. "Sereh Telang" uses blue pea flowers that give the drink a navy hue.
To learn more about jamu's health benefits, Nova – who is often seen at Suwe Ora Jamu dressed in traditional wear – took a course in Naturopathy, Nutrition and Herbal Planting while pursuing a business degree at University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.
Address: Jalan Petogogan No. 28, Pondok Indah, South Jakarta
Contact: (021) 72790590
3. Sinless Break
Marina Dewi has been making juices and smoothies since she was in junior high school even though her family was often reluctant to try her strange concoctions.
In 2013, Marina was finally able to turn her hobby into a business, launching a range of jamu drinks called Sinless Break.
"Sinless break for sinless pleasures, that was the concept. I want people to enjoy their foods and drinks with no guilt," Marina said.
Marina decided she would try her hand at making jamu when juices and smoothies suddenly started to become mainstream.
"Juices and smoothies are trends from overseas, jamu is an Indonesian original, a real heritage of this country," Marina said.
"My aim is to produce next level jamus," Marina said, showing off jamus packed in nifty glass bottles. The back of the bottles has stickers detailing the health benefits of each drink.
Sinless Break's best seller is the classic "jamu for newbie," "Beras Kencur," a sweet, aromatic mix of galangal (aromatic ginger), cinnamon and rice milk.
All of Sinless Break's jamus are made with organic ingredients and contain no refined sugar or preservatives.
Sinless Break's bottled jamus are available at Kemchiks Supermarket Pacific Place, Grand Lucky SCBD and Purefoods Market.
Contact: 08118173377 on Whatsapp | @sinlessbreak on Instagram
jamu
herbal drink


Writing from North Bay, Ontario, I am mystified by this move (by Georgia-Pacific) and can only imagine what the employees and community are feeling.
After working with these people for many years, I am somewhat lost as they have been good friends and a great organization made up of devoted people.
You are good people and will be remembered.
Year later: What's happening now?


This story is about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others?
This renowned scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn't work," we usually learn something valuable from it.
Now that I've read this I have a new "best story", thanks!
I love this story. This is how I was trying to bring up my son and daughter.
Heart Touching and Life Changing story.
It is really nice story. If you have some more please send to me. Thanks a lot.
Wonderful story…and such a motherly way of teaching kids! I enjoy your stories very much… Can't wait for the next.
Worth telling our children and grand children. Many thanks.
I found this website a few years ago and I can't tell you how many times I have come back to find stories that will encourage me and others. I have used these for inspiring stories to encourage those I was head of in a specific organization. I have cried many times rereading them, time and time again. Today's story is no different. I wish more people could add to the stories on this website. Thanks again so much for some amazing and encouraging stories that can warm anyone's heart. God bless and have a great Christmas!!!
What a beautiful way to teach children not to fear about mistakes. We all know that Thomas Alva Edison failed thousands of time before he made workable light bulb. Treating mistakes as our teachers and learning from it and resolve to find a way, not to repeal it is the best thing to do.


What is a social media funnel and how do writers of fiction use it?
A social media marketing funnel is a system of platforms that direct people to you online. If you have a presence as a fiction writer on several platforms you have a better chance of someone finding you. But if you're a fiction writer you've probably already discovered you don't have time for all the social media people tell you that you need to do to sell your books, and still build a reputation as a published author as well. And as an indie author, you are the marketing team.
So how do you, as a fiction author, find a balance that gives you the much-needed time to create your literary masterpieces and still manage to tell everyone you've written them?
We've developed what we hope is a handy tool for you to not go crazy with the whole marketing funnel thing. First, remember that you are an author and not a salesperson. If you write nonfiction, such as teaching tools or courses, you may need to increase this method because you're more of a business, but as a fiction author this method is sufficient to have a good presence and help your audience find you in the dense pile of books online, while still giving you the time you need to be creative.
Every author needs a permanent landing platform for their readers where they can read more about you and your work. Brand all of your platforms so your audience can easily find and recognize you. Have your bio on all of your permanent sites.
Blog or website are permanent platforms where the basic information changes only once in a while and you control your site. Make sure you've branded yourself as an author and you have a page for your books with a link to Amazon or other places where your readers can buy your books.
LinkedIn is another permanent platform. Again, post your bio and other information so your audience knows what you have to offer. You can also add your books and let people know if you're available for speaking or workshops.
Facebook Business Page. Facebook is a platform where most people hang out so be sure to post about all your books and include a link to where visitors can purchase them by clicking on the 'Buy Now' button. If you have more than one book to offer, you might want to consider creating a landing page on your website that houses all your written work so that's easy and organized for visitors. Use hashtags here as well.
Pinterest has recently become a huge platform for drawing an audience for fiction authors. You can treat it as a permanent platform now. Create a precise bio, create separate boards for all your books with a link to where to buy them, a board for your blog posts and link those to your website or blog, and other boards to offer information and tips. Remember that Pinterest is not a social media platform, it's a search engine, so use keywords on there as well as hashtags.
Adding a humorous board about your genre or something else related to you will give pinners a reason to come back to you just because you made them laugh. Kittens and puppies, although extremely cute, have very little success at gaining you followers who will read your books. Sorry, they're just adorable time-suckers.
Google+ is also a permanent platform and necessary for SEO. Unless you're willing to put in a good chunk of time to create beneficial networks, it might not be the best place for you to spend your time. With that said, make sure it's clear on your bio that you're an author and in which genre, and post as you have the time or share your blog posts through an automatic posting function.
Twitter changes in seconds so it's not classed as a permanent platform but it can be a great tool to spread a quick word about your writing progress or the premise for a new release. Use specific one-or-two-word hashtags, and use three hashtags at most per tweet.
Check all of your analytics occasionally to see which platforms are sending you traffic and build them up. Once you brand yourself and get the Author Funnel working, you may find your analytics increase.
The introduction is where your audience finds you, your bio and your book list on your permanent sites listed below in Purchase Point.
Awareness is where your audience enters the funnel and checks you out more. Pique their interest in your work and in you personally.
Research is where your audience is gathering information about a topic they're interested in. They need to know you can help them by answering questions they have about a topic they've already seen on one of your permanent platforms. Give visitors something of value such as free infographics and links to other information related to your writing. Become a go-to person by deciding what it is you want to be recommended for, this will be your niche.
Word of mouth is your reviews of your books or related work such as workshops and speaking engagements and comments on your blog posts and other platforms.
Purchase point is where they can buy your books, so have multiple links across your platforms to where your book is available. For instance, your website can have a Bookstore page, your Facebook professional page can have a Buy Now button, your LinkedIn page can have a section to display your books with a link, your Twitter account bio can have a link to your Bookstore, your Pinterest can have a board for all your books. Wherever you have a platform, link back to where your book can be purchased. If that's Amazon, link everything to your Amazon page.
Conversion is when they decide they want to follow you, read your book or otherwise engage with you and your work. Give them a way to do that. Make sure each of your platforms has a Follow button, and you may want to look into sending a newsletter once a month to those who follow your blog. They think you're someone special if they share their email address with you. When you have a new book or an event or workshop etc., these are the people who will become faithful readers.
Awareness 20 mins a day total give an update on your work on one of your permanent platforms.
Word of mouth 10 mins a day post reviews on one of your permanent platforms.
All the other platforms are fast-paced so use them if you have a few minutes here and there.
If you decide on a newsletter (and we highly recommend it) start with a 'drip' or automated email sequence then send a new email once or twice a month to your subscribers and give them information before everyone else will get it, such as a pre-sale of a new book at a reduced price or a coupon for a ticket to your online workshop. If you're in the process of writing a new book or you've just published one, share an excerpt with them.
You can see that this funnel will only take approximately 30 minutes most days and another 30 minutes per week updating a platform or sending an email. That's only 3 hours a week! I can manage that. How about you?
Let us know if you follow this method and how it worked for you.


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Society - North Africa - Algeria - Egypt - Women - Human rights
When rape victims are accused
Raising awareness in North Africa
Violence against women is poorly legislated against and rarely prosecuted the world over. North Africa is no exception. Although Tunisia provides for the death penalty in cases of rape of girls under 10 years old, rape in Morocco is regarded as indecent assault or public indecency.
By Mary Kimani
In Egypt, domestic violence and marital rape are not considered crimes. Victims have to use other laws, such as battery or physical assault, if they wish to prosecute perpetrators.
But interpretations of Islamic shari'a law have sometimes proved flexible. In April 1998, during Algeria's civil war, the country's Supreme Islamic Council, the highest religious body, issued a fatwa (religious edict) permitting abortions by victims of war rapes, although abortion is not legal in most Muslim countries.
But at the other extreme, about 30 women displaced by the war and seeking work in two oil towns were raped, killed and mutilated in 2001. The attacks were condoned by conservative clergy who claimed that since the women were travelling without a male escort, they were prostitutes. The attackers were never successfully prosecuted.
In 1999, Egyptian women's groups successfully lobbied to change a law that forgave rapists if they married the victims. The Ministry of Social Affairs subsequently put in place 150 family counselling centres to help victims.
The Egyptian Centre for Women's Rights conducted a survey in 2005 on the harassment of women walking in public. "At the time, it was impossible to talk about the issue," Ms. Rebecca Chiao of the Egyptian Centre for Women's Rights told Africa Renewal. "Even the word 'harassment' was not accepted. Nobody knew what it meant and they were offended by it.
"The centre then recruited volunteers to raise awareness on the issue. "We tried to be creative and innovative. Teachers talked to schools, journalists recorded advertisements for radio and we had music bands and film. Since then, we have seen substantial change."
• Algeria: Battered Women
• Randa: A transsexual is above all a human being
• Social media and cyber-activism in North Africa's revolution
• All articles related to Algeria
• Thabo Mbeki: "The relationship between African and its ex-colonizers is illegal!"
• AIDS deaths are declining, reports UN
• Economic Prowess Dominates Diplomatic Precision: An Overview of King Mohammed VI's Tour of Africa South of the Sahara
• All articles related to Society


December 21, 2003 - Right now I feel like I can't trust myself. One day I will think one thing, and then the next day I will believe the exact opposite is better. Right now I have several decisions to make but I can't make any because I don't trust myself. I can't follow my heart because it is ever changing and untrustworthy. I can't trust my mind or logical reasoning because the seemingly rational course of action feels cold and unfulfilling, without some emotional reasoning to balance it. My emotions are definitely up and down and irrational. So since I can't trust myself I must trust in Jehovah and have faith that he will help me gain wisdom. It will be up to me to apply that wisdom and I hope that I have the strength to do it. It would be SO MUCH easier to just follow my heart and ignore what is practical or logical, but in my entire life I have never seen that have a positive effect. RIght now I am determined to take things slowly and not decide anything too hastily. I don't want my hand to be forced. Every day I learn something new about myself and gain insights from the Bible and Bible-based literature. The recent magazine on how to make wise decisions has definitely helped. I am also trying to keep in mind that the heart is treacherous.
I am faced with one of the biggest decisions a person can make, whether or not to get married. Right now I have just become open to the possibility that I am either not ready to get married or just don't want to get married. I think I could be a good and capable wife so maybe I am ready to get married, but all of this second-guessing is because I don't want to. I could fall in love but maybe I don't want to right now. That seems crazy to say because I have always wanted to fall in love and get married. But now, at age 22, I might not want to. I'm not sure yet and this may be yet another example of emotional misdirection from my heart. I'm scared and anxious so my natural reaction is to "run away" by just deciding not to decide, i.e. just say I'm not ready for marriage and don't want to get married. But I don't think I want to make this huge commitment anytime in the next year.
The tough thing is that its not like I have other plans this year. And the marriage opportunity I am presented with is an excellent one that many women would kill for. Great guy, ideal situation for me, and someone I could see a happy and fulfilling life with. If I had planned it out it couldn't have been much closer to my ideal. So it is crazy and emotional to say that in spite of all that, I don't want to get married to anyone right now. I think I will regret it. But I can't ignore these warnings that my heart is sending me. Or maybe I can ignore them, I'll just have to see. In the meantime, I will take in more and more information and then make a decision. Open my eyes and try to perceive and receive a little more.
December 22, 2003 - There is so much going on with me right now. I don't even know how to sort all of these thoughts out. I keep shifting mentally from paranoia and dread to hope and enlightenment. In fact, sometimes these shifts occur seemingly every half hour. When am I going to stop being surprised that I have a mood disorder? It's so funny, when the doctor told me a year ago that the diagnosis was "bipolar disorder" aka "manic depression" I absolutely did not believe him. Me, manic? Ha! Never! Except when I'm mad, but that's it. Well the doctor was right, boy was he. I guess I learn something new about myself every day. Unfortunately, I feel like I absolutely cannot trust my own mind or thoughts at all. Can't trust my emotions or my mind. Well this is a horrible feeling.
But the real dread has been because I know I'm going to be depressed soon, I can feel it in my bones. Of course, maybe this is just paranoia. ACK I can't trust myself at all. But when I try to detach and look at this objectively, the depression is well on its way. More and more I am no longer taking joy in things I used to love, like dancing and music. I'm starting to feel really run-down after the last two months of mania. I'm really starting to doubt myself and my worth. AHHHHHHHHHHH I know what this is and in a few weeks it could be much worse. Hey! In ten days it will be...January!
And it is not shaping up to be a good one. There are things that are going to happen soon that I am not looking forward to. Okay, this is the first year I actually really noticed my overall pattern and I can only go back three years because my teenage years are a blur as far as my mental state. Here is the pattern: from October until December, mania. I get more done, feel better about my ability to accomplish things, have more energy, etc. This is NOT to be confused with normalcy because I am also much more anxious, have difficulty sleeping, panic a lot, become obsessive, and I am more likely to get really really mad.
In the year 1999, I set out to homeschool myself and work full-time at the same time in October. I got my first full-time job and I really enjoyed it. I processed applications and I did it at a record pace. Unfortunately, by late December my attendance was becoming erratic, I started making a lot of mistakes, my boss was getting mad at me, and in January he told my temp agency that my services were no longer needed. I kinda hid that firing from my loved ones, although I knew that everyone else from my agency was still working at that company. I stopped homeschooling. I was depressed for about two months, then found a new job in March and held that job longer than any I've ever held, which is to say, 9 months. That was quite an experience. I thought I'd be working there forever (or at least 5 years). It was an ideal situation in a lot of ways, although also one that could be rife with conflict. So in early December 2000 I received a raise and another glowing commendation from my boss. By New Year's 2001 I was fired. Ah well c'est la vie. Then came a deep depression and living off of unemployment for six months, doing nothing at all with my life. In August of 2001 I did two things, I started this Journey and I went on a two week trip to Michigan and went camping. My depression wasn't really over and September 2001 was bad, as I can tell even from reading this diary. That was the month I went to the mental hospital and I was seriously suicidal. Not to fear, my manic transition month October was coming. By November 2001 I was auxiliary pioneering, cooking dinner every night and starting to think I should seriously try to treat my problems with depression.
By January 2002 I went back to work because money was tight even though I really didn't want to go. That job lasted maybe two weeks then one day in February 2002 I woke up and just couldn't get out of bed. I took a leave of absence but never went back. Got a new job in April and now I think springtime is actually a good time for me provided I'm on medication. That job lasted until September, when I became erratic and increasingly anxious and paranoid and found myself holding knives to my chest and being unable to sleep. Social Anxiety Disorder pops up. By October I quit and finally, FINALLY applied for Social Security. Strangely, I don't remember autumn of 2002 very well at all. I remember being horribly lonely in January 2003. Spring of 2003 was the best of my life, I was happy. I was on lithium, started a diet, started creative writing, cleaned up my habits and made new friends and I was really feeling good and accomplished. As usual, by August and September I was starting to run down and withdraw from my friends. New burst of energy and October, also started dating. Now it is December and I'm ready to stop. It's almost January. Nothing is set in stone. Destiny is just another word for choices.


After last week's downing of a Russian Il-20 surveillance plane by Syrian air defense, Moscow has promised to send it's advanced S-300 air defense system. The Russians blamed Israel for the downed aircraft.
While Russians are denying that the system is targeting any nation in particular, they know Israel is the only nation that regularly flies into Syria to attack weapons depots intended for use against the Jewish state.
Russia is playing with fire in more ways than one. The S-300 system is designed as a multi-stage air defense system capable of changing the game in the Middle East. Israel had demanded they not be installed in Syria after the initial agreement was made by Russia in 2013, but last week's incident changed things.
What Russia cannot afford is further antagonizing the west. If the result of this leads to more attacks on Israel because they weren't able to stop them in Syria, it is likely America will step in with countermeasures for Israel to use against the S-300. This will lead to escalations neither country wants.


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Andy Dick Sued for Rubbing His Genitals on Man's Head
Dallas, TX — A man who became a victim of Andy Dick's comedy routine has sued the comedian for allegedly rubbing his genitals on the plaintiff's head. The lawsuit was filed on May 10 in the Dallas County, Texas District Court, reported RadarOnline.
The plaintiff, Robert Tucker, attended Dick's comedy show when Dick, who was wearing a red skirt, black top and a wig, left the stage to interact with audience members. Tuck says he asked Dick for his autograph, when instead Dick brought a bar stool alongside the plaintiff.
"Andy Dick then took control of Plaintiff's head with his left hand and pulled down his costume skirt with his right hand, exposing the fact that he was not wearing underwear beneath the skirt. Defendant Dick then, while still controlling Plaintiff's head with his hand, forced his genitals against the left side of Plaintiff's face. Plaintiff immediately pulled away," according to the suit.
The lawsuit sued Dick and his reps, United Talent Agency, for offensive physical contact, infliction of emotional distress and defamation of conduct.
The lawsuit is seeking unspecified damages, attorney's fees, as well as a jury trial.
Tags: andy dickcomedy showgenitalsNicole Howleypersonal injury lawyersrobert tuckertexas personal injury lawyersunited talent agency


When it came to this book the panel observed that here was one from the 'Possessed Archives' category. But the fascinating research material (an archive of stains), and the wonderful work of artist Lizan Freijsen that has come out of it, have been tackled by an equally possessed graphic designer. The result is a beautifully designed book that radiates energy and on every level does full justice to the archive. The grid ensures a good balance in the truly exciting typography, for in this multilingual book English, French and Dutch become as it were the material that has been spat out of the archive itself and here threaded through the book: the English from top to bottom, the French from bottom to top, and the Dutch from left to right.
It is up to the reader to turn the book so that the language required is presented in a readable way. That the photographic material remains upright when upside down goes without saying, but to treat the text the same way is a good solution. There was some discussion about the legibility of the French and Dutch – but the texts aren't excessively long, and readers of this book will have to be slightly fanatical anyway.
The inside-out American-style folded dust jacket and the embossing on what might be termed the 'inside cover' are very special. This is a book in which absolutely everything comes together: it is a classic example of genuine synergy between designer and artist.
Amount of pages: 248 p.


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Robinson Diversity Consulting Bio
Angela C. Robinson is passionate about helping people resolve conflict and solve problems. Life is too short to live in pain, or with discord! Embracing diversity, equity and inclusion helps us all.
Judge Angela C. Robinson (Ret.) considers herself an Equity Advocate and Teacher. She was a Connecticut Superior Court Judge for twenty years. Robinson currently serves as the Waring and Carmen Partridge Faculty Fellow and Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at Quinnipiac University School of Law where she teaches Critical Race Theory, Evidence and Alternative Dispute Resolution. In the wake of the recent controversies surrounding Critical Race Theory, she has expanded her curriculum to introduce undergraduate students and laypeople to this subject area. Robinson utilizes her understanding of and experiences with the legal system and the principles of Critical Race Theory to promote and facilitate fair and equitable, accord and peaceful resolutions. Robinson is an honors graduate of Cheshire Academy. She earned her bachelor's degree from Rutgers University- Douglass College (Phi Beta Kappa) in three and one-half years and her law degree from Yale University School of Law. Robinson is a James W. Cooper Fellow of the Connecticut Bar Foundation and serves on several boards. Robinson is also counsel with Halloran and Sage, LLP, where she has a mediation practice. Through her private business, Robinson Diversity Consulting, LLC, Robinson provides diversity-related coaching and consulting to law firms, legal organizations and associations and small non-profits.


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Cinetus angustatus är en stekelart som beskrevs av Jean-Jacques Kieffer 1910. Cinetus angustatus ingår i släktet Cinetus, och familjen hyllhornsteklar. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige.

Källor

Hyllhornsteklar
angustatus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Vikings up the pressure in Division One race
MANDERWOOD PEMBROKESHIRE LEAGUE
A BLUSTERY but fine day at the Obs saw Hakin put in the sort of performance that reminds their rivals that the title race isn't over until the Vikings have their say.
With the top of Division One contested by Goodwick Utd and leaders Monkton Swifts at the start of the day, Merlin Bridge's storming comeback win against Goodwick meant this win propelled Hakin to second in the table.
With a vastly superior goal difference than Goodwick, with whom they are now level on points, and a better goal difference than the Swifts who lead the table by three points, Hakin will want to extract maximum benefit from the game they still have in hand.
If Swifts slip up against Fishguard Sports on Saturday and Hakin play to form against strugglers St Clears, the Vikings could seize the top spot next weekend.
Strengthened by the return of NIcky Woodrow, Hakin were never really in trouble against mid-table Clarbeston Road, who have been dogged by inconsistency all season and undoubtedly suffered from a recent lack of league football.
The returning Woodrow showed he had not lost his scoring touch, finding the net in typically clinical fashion.
A few tasty challenges in midfield never spilt over into anything more serious than a talking to from the referee to the players involved.
Hakin showed greater variety and poise in their play than Clarby and capitalised on moments of poor control by the visitors to press play upfield at every opportunity.
Cameron Thomas opened the scoring for the home team before Nicky Woodrow popped in a neat finish. Ashley Bevan rounded off a strong display from the Vikings with the third.
Elsewhere in the Division, Monkton Swifts hammered Narberth 7-0 away from home, with goals from Ben Steele (2), Jordan Richards (2), Dillon Davies (2), and Martin Carrol. Meanwhile, a hat trick from Steve Lewis allied to braces apiece for Danny Hopkin (2), Matt Harries (2), and Niall Kinsella (2) and a goal for Karl Headley led Fishguard Sports to a 10-1 hammering of second-from-bottom St Clears, who managed a consolation through Jamie Thomas. Bottom side Saundersfoot were edged out 3-2 at home to Carew and Pennar Robins, with a goal apiece for Craig Asparassa and Josh Clarke, shaded Neyland 2-1.
The day's remaining top division clash was easily the match of the day. In-form Goodwick made the trip to the Racecourse to face a Merlins Bridge who haven't given up on their title ambitions.
At one point, it looked like game over for the Wizards as Goodwick took a 2-0 lead. However, the home team muscled their way back into the game to clinch a thrilling comeback with three goals to take all three points.
The Six Nations: Come on Wales!
Quins shut out game Llangwm