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Celiac Disease, Diet and Lifestyle
Learn how dietary and behavioral changes can spell relief for people with celiac disease.
By Jennie McCary, MS, RD, LD
Celiac disease (CD) is an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa. The condition is four times more common today than it was 50 years ago (Rubio-Tapia et al. 2009). The condition affects 1 out of every 105 adults in the United States (Fasano et al. 2003) and appears in children as well.
Unfortunately, CD is greatly underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed: according to the National Foundation for Celiac Awareness, only 5% of people with the condition are accurately diagnosed by a physician, whereas the remaining 95% of sufferers are incorrectly diagnosed or never diagnosed at all (NFCA 2009).
The condition is usually diagnosed later in life, and by adulthood it can have serious health implications. With CD on the rise, it's important for health and fitness professionals to have a basic understanding of the condition. This article will explain the disease and its symptoms and explore the only effective treatment to date: adopting and maintaining a gluten-free diet for life.
Individuals with CD are intolerant of gluten, a general term used to describe the different proteins found in wheat, rye, barley and, to a lesser extent, oats. In these people, the immune system response triggered from even a small amount of ingested gluten causes damage to the small intestine, which can lead to nutrient malabsorption, potential organ dysfunction and the development of serious health problems.
The surface of the small intestine is lined with villi, tiny, fingerlike projections that absorb nutrients from food. When a person with CD ingests gluten, it prompts an immune-mediated inflammatory reaction, primarily in the small intestine, damaging the villi. Because damaged villi don't effectively absorb essential nutrients, nutritional deficiencies can result. Left untreated, CD can lead to atrophy of the villi and malnutrition, affecting several body systems and increasing a person's risk for a number of life-threatening health conditions, such as neurological disorders, early onset osteopenia and
osteoporosis, and intestinal cancers.
Health outcomes depend on the duration of exposure to gluten before diagnosis and the initiation of a gluten-free diet. A
recent study showed that individuals with undiagnosed CD were nearly four times more likely to have died over a 45-year
period than subjects without the disease (Rubio-Tapia et al. 2009). Other recognized complications of undiagnosed or untreated CD include infertility in both males and
females, increased risk of miscarriage and lymphoma (Green & Cellier 2007).
Symptoms & Complications of CD
Symptoms are many and can vary among adults and children. Some individuals may be asymptomatic (i.e., have no apparent symptoms), yet still have small-intestinal damage; this condition is referred to as silent celiac disease. The fact that more health professionals are recognizing that patients may be asymptomatic or have symptoms that mimic other conditions may contribute to the increased prevalence of CD cases.
The most commonly observed gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms include recurring diarrhea, constipation, bloating, abdominal cramping, nausea and unexplained weight loss. Because CD involves multiple organ systems, the more frequent presentation is a range of non-GI symptoms, such as anemia, chronic fatigue, bone or joint pain and behavioral changes; infants and children may also suffer from delayed growth. Many adults develop a painfully itchy rash or lesions. Generally, children are more likely to have digestive problems, whereas adults usually present with nonintestinal symptoms.
Shelley Case, RD, is a consulting dietitian, speaker and author of Gluten-Free Diet: A Comprehensive Resource Guide, based in Regina, Saskatchewan. "Half of patients don't experience GI symptoms and present with problems like bone or joint pain, canker sores, migraines and anemia, the most common symptom of undiagnosed celiac disease," says Case.
Is It Really CD?
Because CD symptoms can be subtle or even absent and are not always gastrointestinal in nature, many patients are incorrectly diagnosed when seeking medical care. According to the National Institutes of Health, the most common misdiagnoses are iron-deficiency anemia, osteoporosis and peripheral neuropathy (NIH 2004). Adults typically experience symptoms for 10–11 years before being correctly diagnosed with CD (Green et al. 2001).
CD symptoms mimic those of other conditions, which often leads to a misdiagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia or food allergy or sensitivity. Although gluten is the environmental trigger to CD, once active in the body the condition can be precipitated by a viral infection, pregnancy, surgery or chronic stress (NIH 2004).
CD is correctly diagnosed by a positive antibody blood test, which is then followed by a small-bowel tissue biopsy that confirms damage and inflammation. However, a negative antibody screening test or biopsy doesn't necessarily rule out CD, for several reasons: (1) the result may be a false negative; (2) the result can be negative early in the disease; and (3) the individual may be deficient in the antibody being tested. That's why Case recommends that clients request a second screening test and/or a biopsy to rule out the disease, especially if there is a family history of CD.
That said, individuals who suspect they have CD should not immediately start on a gluten-free diet prior to seeing a physician, because this can result in a negative screening test and/or biopsy.
Currently, the only effective treatment for CD is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet, meaning steering clear of products made with wheat (e.g., durum, faro, graham, kumut, semolina and spelt), rye, barley and some oats. Owing to cross-contamination with other grains, commercial oat products contain varying levels of gluten. But oatmeal lovers with CD can rest easy: research confirms that pure, uncontaminated oats (like Bob's Red Mill brand) are safe if consumed at low levels (1/2 to 3/4 cup dry for adults and 1/4 cup a day for children). However, oats should be introduced gradually and under medical supervision (Janatuinen et al. 2002; Srinivasan et al. 2006).
Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet can be challenging because of the amount of gluten-containing food in the typical American diet. Adding to the difficulty are all the hidden sources of gluten in many food products, supplements and medications. "It's more than avoiding breads, pastas and cereals," says Case. "Gluten is used in a lot of foods, such as salad dressings, marinades and some chocolate bars." (See the sidebar "Hidden Sources of Gluten" for a longer list.)
Living gluten free requires diligent reading of food and supplement ingredient labels every time a product is purchased, since manufacturers frequently change ingredients. Additionally, it is critical that clients practice food safety to avoid cross-contamination of foods at home and in restaurants. Fortunately, many restaurants now offer a gluten-free menu, but it is still important to inquire about ingredients and cooking methods because of hidden sources.
Anyone thinking of implementing a balanced gluten-free diet should first consult a registered dietitian (RD), who will be able, not only to offer guidelines on safe foods, but also to address potential nutrient deficiencies and their associated conditions. Clients should be warned against seeking advice from the Internet or from friends or family.
The good news is that a gluten-free diet can be nutritionally adequate with some planning. "Many whole, unprocessed foods found along the perimeter of the grocery store are naturally gluten free, like plain fruits, vegetables, beans and nuts, dairy and lean protein sources," says Case. Focusing on these whole foods is imperative to ensure that CD sufferers consume sufficient amounts of fiber, iron and folate-rich foods.
Getting the right amount of vitamins and minerals is also important. "I typically recommend a multivitamin-mineral supplement and, in some cases, a separate calcium plus vitamin D supplement," says Case. Because many people with newly diagnosed CD are lactose intolerant as well, they tend to eliminate dairy products, putting them at increased risk for calcium and vitamin D deficiency.
Overcoming the Challenges of a GF Diet
It's not easy being gluten free. "Many individuals with celiac disease often gain weight after going on the diet, because a lot of gluten-free foods are higher in starch, sugars and fat and often lower in fiber than their gluten-containing counterparts," explains Case. "So making wise food choices—plus a regular fitness regimen—is important."
A gluten-free diet can sometimes lead to nutritional deficiencies in levels of iron, folate, niacin, zinc, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus and fiber (Hallert et al. 2002; Thompson 2000). That's because most foods without gluten are made with refined grains and are not fortified with iron and B vitamins like their gluten-
containing counterparts.
According to Case, there are three
major challenges to adopting and maintaining a gluten-free diet:
finding gluten-free foods in places where people typically shop
dealing with the high cost of gluten-free foods
coping with the lack of palatability of some gluten-free foods
Case says that while the quality of foods without gluten has improved with the recent introduction of new products, the foods continue to be expensive and are not easily found outside of major cities. By some estimates, gluten-free products cost two to three times more than their counterparts (Stevens & Rashind 2008; Lee et al. 2007).
"The shift from specialty gluten-free companies to more mainstream [companies] should improve availability and drive down the cost of these specialty foods,"
says Case. By way of example, she cites a slate of new products, including General Mills' gluten-free Rice Chex cereal, Betty Crocker's gluten-free cake mixes and even a gluten-free beer from Anheuser-Busch.
But does eliminating gluten require eating only processed, gluten-free foods for the rest of one's life? Case says no. More economical ways are to eat the gluten-free whole or less processed foods that are recommended to the general public. "But," says Case, "it is nice to have the option to enjoy a slice of gluten-free cake for a birthday celebration. It can be quite challenging to always eat gluten free, especially at social events, when eating out and traveling. You can't be as spontaneous," says Case.
Adopting and adhering to a gluten-free diet can be a challenge, but in the long run it is worth the effort. Once gluten is completely eliminated from the diet, the small intestine and villi will slowly start to heal, symptoms will subside or disappear, and overall health and quality of life will improve. If permanent damage didn't occur before diagnosis, the risk of future complications is reduced, and individuals can expect to live a healthy life adhering to a gluten-free diet. n
Fasano, A., et al. 2003. Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: A large multicenter study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 286–92.
Green, P.H.R., & Cellier, C. 2007. Celiac disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357 (17), 1731–43.
Green, P.H.R., et al. 2001. Characteristics of adult celiac disease in the USA: Results of a national survey. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 96 (1), 126–31.
Hallert, C., et al. 2002. Evidence of poor vitamin status in coeliac patients on a gluten-free diet for 10 Years. Aliment Pharmacology Therapy, 16, 1333–39.
Janatuinen, E.K., et al. 2002. No harm from five year ingestion of oats in coeliac disease. Gut, 50, 332–35.
Lee, A.R., et al. 2007. Economic burden of a gluten-free diet. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 20, 423–30.
National Foundation for Celiac Awareness (NFCA). 2009. www.celiaccentral.org/about-celiac-disease/
facts-figures/35; retrieved Sept. 26.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program. 2004. Consensus Development Conference Statement. NIH Consensus Conference on Celiac Disease, June 28–30, 2004. http://consensus.nih.gov/2004/2004
celiacdisease118html.htm; retrieved Sept. 26, 2009.
Rubio-Tapia, A., et al. 2009. Increased prevalence and mortality in undiagnosed celiac disease. Gastroenterology, 137, 88–93.
Stevens, L., & Rashind, M. 2008. Gluten-free and regular foods: A cost comparison. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 69 (3), 147–50.
Srinivasan, U., et al. 2006. Immunohistochemical analysis of coeliac mucosa following ingestion of oats. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 144, 197–203.
Thompson, T. 2000. Folate, iron and dietary fiber contents of the gluten-free diet. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100 (11), 1389–396.
Jennie McCary, MS, RD, LD
HIIT and Memory in Older Adults
High-intensity training could be an intervention for dementia and cognitive decline.
Poor Food Choices at Work Can Impact Overall Diet
Poor diet at work is linked to obesity and diabetes.
Exercise Reduces Colon Cancer Growth
New findings show effect of high-intensity interval training on cancer cells.


There's no doubt about it; I have a CAN DEW attitude! When I wake up in the morning and look at my ta-dah list, I think, Yes I can!
When Len and I eloped those many years ago, we both said, I DEW. And we have, for thirty-seven years.
When meeting people, we often ask, How DEW you DEW?
When our son was growing up, we knew if we said DEW as I say, a demand was less likely to be complied with than a pleasant request preempted with a "please" and a smile.
I like DEW better than do. To me, it seems friendlier, more amicable. This from the person who intentionally spells refridgerator with a "d" because it looks nicer.
Do you have a can dew attitude?
My recent travels took me through four airports: Boise, Portland, Chicago, and Seattle. It provided the opportunity to see baggage of every size, shape, and color—some carried, most of it pulled.
An enthusiastic proponent of offloading [emotional] baggage, I had to laugh at the ingenuity of the young traveler I captured in this photo. Rather than carrying baggage and letting it weigh him down, he got a ride on it!
Have you discovered the joy of offloading baggage?
We haven't had a television for 36 years, but we do enjoy borrowing and watching DVD's from the library. We're absolutely hooked on Sherlock, a modern take on the classic Arthur Conan Doyle stories. The often humorous, edgy camaraderie between Holmes (Benedict Cumberbatch) and Dr. Watson (Martin Freeman) is priceless. And while I don't pretend to even come close to Sherlock's deductive reasoning, I'd like to think my observation skills are fairly well honed.
Walking along the Greenbelt, I spot a fishing bobber among the tree limbs. Serving multiple purposes, it suspends bait; can carry a baited hook to otherwise inaccessible areas of water; and serves as a visual bite indicator. For me the bobber brings to mind my focus word for this year—alliance. One small literary community accomplishing many big things.
What's your most recent, could-have-remained-unseen observation?
It's clear that the angler is a flannel-shirt wearing, left-handed male with a sluggish metabolism who parts his hair down the middle, has delayed signing divorce papers that arrived via Express Mail a month ago, ate drive-thru for breakfast this morning, and being tight-fisted, will return for the bobber once his hangover wears off.
We bolted and reached her in the nick of time, preventing what would have been an extremely smelly event. As it turns out, skunk urine is an eco-friendly deer repellent that keeps them from munching on the trees in the arboretum.


This radio controlled M1A2 abrams airsoft tank is a purchase I made on 10/08/2016 during a rainy day with very few yard sales. The gentleman that sold this showed me how to operate it and even provided 8 AA batteries! We drove it around the driveway for 3 or 4 minutes and agreed on $8. It was a fun day and a great buy.


The transition to university life can be difficult for anyone. It means adjusting to an increased work load, increased responsibility, a large institution, and often a new home. For International Students, however, the adjustment is even more significant. Along with transitioning to a new phase in their lives, these students are also faced with a new language, culture, environment and norms. This means an increased strain on these students, which can effect their educational experience, as well as their physical and emotional well-being. Increased recruitment of these students means that institutions need to ensure that the supports and services are available to fulfill these students' needs.
Before exploring the specific forms of inequality facing International Students, the website will aim to provide a clear depiction of the existing strategies for recruiting and retaining International Students. These strategies have been developed through both the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as through Memorial University.


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Renovating the Temple
Formerly updating AD&D's Temple of Elemental Evil for GURPS Dungeon Fantasy. Now a repository of stuff for my Swords and Wizardry campaign, plus random thoughts on D&D and GURPS from an OSR standpoint.
Session recap 5
This is taken largely from player-written session notes. With any luck I'll be able to do that in the future.
Take heed, and read in awe, the deeds of our intrepid company.
During the last session, our intrepid adventurers regrouped back at the Keep before venturing out once again to thin out the menace lurking in the Caves of Chaos. While in town, they were joined by the large, strapping paladin Borios (and is slightly less-impressive squire, Lars), sent by his order to help root out and end the threat of the undead. Hearing of the Caves of Chaos, Borios was certain that he would be able to lend his sword to good purpose.
Borios was honestly-gotten; after Rori died, the player rolled his stats and got a natural 18 for charisma. Lars was his second character. I recommended he have one in case Borios wouldn't be able to join the party on certain adventures, due to his quest.
Borios is dedicated to rooting out undead in the eastern marches. He's joining the party because his priest told him there have been rumours of occult worship and possibly necromancy at the Caves of Chaos.
Unfortunately the players didn't really pick up on that. Oh well.
Prior to departure, the adventurers shared meat and mead at the tavern, and learned of the tragic destruction of a merchant caravan at the hands of a gang of orcs and a hulking, monstrous ogre. The merchant was the sole survivor. Surely there was some connection to the increased activity at the caves. While at the tavern the heroes welcomed into their company also a young noble of the house Steelclan, a noted family of Dwarven metalsmiths. He spoke loudly, brashly, and drunkenly of his deeds, and since the company of heroes sometimes does the same, they brought him in.
After recruiting these new heroes to their cause, the intrepid company set out once again for the caves to continue their ill-advised spelunking, mostly due to poverty. First they stumbled upon a cave long and dank, like a corridor before a great hall, piled high with skulls and bones of animals, men, and elves. The cave ended in a door, massive, wooden, and immovable, with a sign crudely scratched out reading "We'd love to have you for dinner." Since none of the heroes were particularly hungry, and since none of the skeletons stood up, wielded rusty implements, and proclaimed fealty to their necromantic master, Borios and the others thought it best to move on.
This was the hobgoblin cave, in case you didn't get that from the description. The players spent a good amount of time discussing whether or not they should break down the door after listening and hearing nothing and checking out the skulls to see if there was anything valuable or informative. Borios' player, who's fairly unassertive when directly asked questions but participates well in the discussions, brought up that there are other caves, and this one seems both difficult and dangerous. So they decided to go down the hill to another cave.
I really like my players.
In the next cave, they stumbled upon a massive ogre, who, quickly outwitted by our elven mage Ellarion, was soon fast and quite magically asleep. Juan Pendleton, helpful as always, made sure he didn't wake up. He then shot a mattress he thought was a bear, making certain everyone knew his predilection for wanton violence was still strong.
The book is fairly clear: from a distance the ogre's mattress of bearskin and leaves looks like a sleeping bear. Nobody got close enough to tell the difference until after Juan shot it and the arrow just sunk in.
This was the ogre who was involved in the assault on the merchant caravan, along with the goblins who live next door.
The encounter with the ogre was actually quite amusing: he heard people rooting around in his other cave and came out for a look. He was suspicious, but didn't immediately attack, partly due to his mercenary inclinations and partly due to the fact that I rolled an effective 10 on his reaction roll. So Ellarion asked if he'd like to hear a song.
Sleep is a very powerful spell indeed.
Within the cave, our heroes discovered the fresh remains of a retinue of men and elves, surely the merchants overtaken on the road. A tragic end to good folk, though they were certainly not the only to fall victim to such a gruesome fate. The ogre kept a vast store of treasure. Coins silver and gold by the sackful, a mammoth wheel of good, hard cheese, and a cask of fine brandy, for which Pious Inebrius most certainly did not trip over the others to claim. Nestled near (or, rather, firmly beneath) the remains of the poor souls who fell victim to the ogre were also a magic scroll and several elegant arrows. Ellarion claimed these, being the only one who knows anything about runes or the proper way to use a bow.
While on the road, the intrepid company was overtaken by a pack of orcs, and Borios, fluent in orc, invited them to take the hard cheese the company found, and refrain from trying to kill our heros. The leader of that filthy band graciously accepted, and left under the slightly misguided notion that the cheese was somehow made from ogre milk.
This was a random encounter on my table for the wilderness around the Keep. The players saw the orcs first, but given they were laden down with treasure and without a sleep spell, they felt it was best to parley. These are orcs from tribe B, though the players haven't taken the time to figure that out. Fortunately for them, with the cheese in the hands of an underling the boss orc of this little raiding party agreed to say he never saw the party if they left each other alone.
Shortly after setting camp, along came a band of merchants, the chiefest of which was rather fussy, rotund, and not particularly friendly. They also being bound for the Keep. The two parties rested separately, and arrived within a short span of one another the following morning.
The dice were hot for random encounters.
Upon returning triumphantly to the Keep, our heroes conducted themselves in a properly heroic fashion. They deposited their hard-earned monetary spoils at the local bank, learning to their dismay that many of the coins were counterfeit hunks of lead in gold leaf. With the remaining coin, they reserved rooms at the local inn. Borios spoke with Theodoric, who commended him for his service, and offered lodging to Borios and Lars both (and free stabling for Borios' monstrously large steed). He encouraged Borios to continue to focus his efforts on the cave.
There was some talk about not turning in the coins and trying to pass them as currency around the keep rather than taking the value of the gold. The banker pointed out as gently as he could that he already knew about these coins, and would be very, very upset if they showed up in circulation.
Theodoric is the curate of the church in the Keep.
The party also decided to rent one of the Keep's apartments for six months with some of their recent windfall. I ruled this would mean that staying in town for a week would cost 2 gold each, instead of 10, meaning it would pay itself off quickly. Minus incidental expenses, of course.
Ellarion learned from the clerics that the scroll is indeed a divine one and promised to give it to Pious, who should be able to make good use of it provided he's sober enough.
Celebrating, as always, at the tavern, our intrepid company continued to gain in popularity with the locals. They wooed away from the merchant his men-at-arms, John and Teddy, who offered a step discount for their services and promised to recruit their comrades, Otus, Langard, Sigurd, and Helga, to the cause of adventure. Pious soothed the ego of the preening merchant, Edward, and promised to give him first pick of any "liberated" dry goods the company may find amongst the caves. Edward offered an 80% purchase price, far to generous. Pious and Edward then shared in the holy rite of most-certainly-not-Bacchus, and subsequently passed out.
Edward is the same merchant they met on the road, and out from under whom they rented the last apartment at the Keep. Originally he was seethingly upset that the party had done so, but Pious was so persuasive that that's smoothed over now. It helps that he's also a worshipper of Bacchus, so he considers Father Pious as one of his own.
Just as a side note, Langard is actually an old veteran hireling of the Caves of Chaos: he was hired by the first group I ever ran this module for. As such, he knows a thing or two about the caves.
There were quite a few hijinks in town with Pious getting very drunk and sharing coin and brandy all over the place, not to be outdone by Heinrich or Juan. This was the session I changed the house rules for XP: they had to spend their gold if they wanted to earn anything from it. The results were both amusing and entertaining.
Where will the adventure take our heroes next? To the mysterious ruins to the south, setting up an expedition to explore and collect artifacts of immense and arcane power? To the town of Hommlet, to combat the growing threat of the Temple of Elemental Evil and its pernicious influence on an otherwise peaceful village? Or will they once again brave the Caves of Chaos, facing down evils both ancient and contemporary, fighting for the honor of their fallen brethren? The world is in need of their efforts, which they will happily lend in full force. After, of course, they attend Mass.
After discussion, the players decided to stick to the Caves of Chaos. There was a good bit of interest in the ruins to the south (which happen to be the Caverns of Thracia), but they finally decided against it after tabulating the costs: they'd have to either set up a nearby base-camp and pay their day-laborers and men-at-arms to staff it, or risk walking both ways through the swamp and jungle each time they wanted to find the place again.
Labels: B2, play report, Swords & Wizardry, the Keep
House rules: Other people's house rules
I'm hoping this is the start of a small series of posts about house rules I use. Some I made up, some I snatched from other places. In posting about them, I'm not just going to re-hash what the rule is, but also give some mild analysis on how it affects the game, how it actually plays out, and so forth.
Without further adieu:
Other People's House Rules
Every one of these is something someone else came up with originally.
Synopsis: This house rule comes from Semper Initiativus Unum. The basic idea is that magic users and spell casters can cast some spells outside of combat without preparation if they pay gold and take a large amount of time.
Purpose: This gives magic users and clerics a deal more flexibility. The idea is to get their utility spells into circulation, since (especially at lower levels) caster slots are limited, and they tend to go for things that are likely to be useful in combat. Specifically, the rule is structured to make it progressively less desirable to not prepare higher-level utility spells if you want to use them.
Experience: Obviously this hasn't seen a lot of use in my campaign, but it has seen some. We've been very short on magic-users in general, but our elf has done this once with detect magic. Both I and his player appreciated the ability to do so, even if it didn't net him anything in the instance.
Verdict: Cautiously optimistic
XP for gold spent
Synopsis: This is an old one. The basic idea is that PCs earn experience not for simply bringing treasure back to civilization, but for spending it in actions that don't directly benefit them as adventurers. The Mule Abides has a pretty good writeup that ties it to The First Fantasy Campaign.
Purpose: This primarily accomplishes two things. One is splitting the PCs' resources and forcing them to make decisions about what to spend coin on, since buying e.g. armor doesn't count for xp.The other is provide some verisimilitude for xp gain.
Experience: I don't give a fig for the verisimilitude argument, but I do like forcing decisions on the players about what to do with their loot. Not only does it allow me to give them more loot, but it also allows me to restrict how much coin can be spent on adventuring supplies without the players having no recourse but to stockpile coin. Poor adventurers are good adventurers, after all. Further, there's another side effect: it increases player 'buy-in' for the world as they interact with it in ways different from just treating it like a backdrop for the dungeon. Our best session to date was mostly spent roleplaying with NPCs and finding ways to dump coin on them.
Verdict: I highly recommend this house rule precisely because it broadens the players' conception and care about the world. I'm having a lot of fun and the players are having a lot of fun.
Synopsis: This one's simple: if a person is down between 0 and 2 hp inclusive, you can spend a turn to bandage them up. This returns 1 HP, and can only be done once until they heal. Further, characters regain 1 HP per full day of rest.
Purpose: This provides some very limited low-level healing, and it reinforces the idea to the players that they're hurt and should consider turning back - or pushing on, but in the knowledge that they're taking a huge risk. You'd think that the numbers on the sheet would do that for you, but it's nice to have another indicator. Plus it's another chance for a trade-off: do the players want to patch up their buddies, restoring 1 HP but risking the chance of a wandering monster?
Experience: The players like it, and it doesn't seem to significantly cut into the mortality of the game; a lot of PCs and NPCs have still died. It's easy to keep track of, too - you can just do it in your head. Plus, it gives me flavor in describing hurt people and how they feel. I'm in favor.
Not dead at 0 HP
Synopsis: My implementation of this common rule is as follows: at 0 HP you're unconscious, at below 0 you're dead. However, if you go below 0 HP, and someone can bring you back to 0 or above before the round is over, you might live.
Purpose: It puts a small wedge of 'not okay' betweeen D&D's much-discussed 'you're fine' and 'you're dead' without making that wedge large enough to significantly affect vitality. It also gives the players some hope when a beloved NPC or PC goes down.
Experience: Bringing someone back up from negative numbers is a very difficult task, since most spells take the full round to come into effect, which means you basically have to anticipate when someone is going to need healing. However, the 0 HP bit has come up a decent bit more often, and it has been fun for all concerned because of the relief from surviving such a near brush - which the players actually feel is very near, since if the dice had rolled 1 higher, their characters would be dead. It has also added fun in some instances where the PCs weren't sure if someone was dead or merely unconscious and bleeding out. I'm in favor.
XP for gold hoarded
Synopsis: For whatever reason you care to justify, the PCs have to sacrifice their gold for XP without doing anything else with it. This is different from XP for gold spent above because it's not just spending gold on things that 'don't matter' - it's not spending the gold at all until they get enough to level up and make a trip to one of these sacrificial spots
Purpose: This was meant to provide an in-game excuse for the existence of class levels, because I think justifying such things inside the game is cool. It was also meant to put the squeeze on treasure, forcing the PCs to make a decision as to whether to spend their hard-earned gold on adventuring advantages or XP.
Experience: In reality, it meant that the gold either sat there being useless like a millstone around the players' necks, or much more likely they dipped into it too far and too fast, meaning they never accumulated appreciable XP-substitute. Either way, they got no experience whatsoever, so it felt to me and to them that they were stagnant. I really don't recommend this.
Alternative: I still have places I call 'navels of the world' in my game where a person goes to suffer strange and weird rituals and be granted class levels, but now I grant XP for gold spent, as above, and the rituals themselves are a mere tax - the square of your current level * 100 gp to advance.
All in all I'm happy with the house rules I'm using. There are plenty more I have that, so far as I know, aren't someone else's invention. There are probably others that are, but are so central to the usual play for the game that I just don't see or remember them as house rules.
Labels: house rules, Swords & Wizardry
Alternatives to the Random Encounter Clock
One of, if not the chief function of random encounters is to force the players to make decisions about what to do and what to leave alone. This is usually expressed as a penalty for taking more time or extraneous actions, and it usually is, since random encounter rolling is usually tied to time spent - i.e., actions taken.
Unfortunately, in my experience of GURPS this pretty much completely breaks down. Further, even in systems where it usually works, there are downsides. Perhaps the encounters are too dangerous, especially in a densely-inhabited dungeon where they would bring others. If handled poorly they can become a joke or a severe annoyance for the players. Sometimes they send the wrong message, or they simply aren't wanted in your dungeon.
Nevertheless the function of rewarding time and action economy is worthwhile to salvage. I originally thought of using random encounter tables along with faction diagrams to give reinforcements to the set-piece monsters, but the more I mulled this over, the less I liked the idea. One of the reasons random encounters work is because they give immediate consequences to the players. Generally, immediate consequences are better for informing behaviour than mediate. With the reinforcement idea, or any other scheme that puts off the results, players are more likely to shoot themselves in the collective foot. In the example given, they'd most likely keep doing whatever until the monster density became so great there was no feasible way to proceed, or until it maximized - and then there would be no further disincentive.
Then I had a breakthrough: why does a wandering monster system have to involve monsters at all? If the central point is to make the players economize their actions, that can be done without monsters as easily as with. Further, avoiding monsters makes it work for systems like GURPS as well, where the attrition due to combat is nowhere near as strong as it is in D&D.
To that end, I give you a few 'timers' I've been thinking over lately:
The Timed Dungeon
The essential feature here is that the dungeon itself has some integral timer which makes exploration progressively more dangerous or difficult. Some specific examples:
The dungeon is flooding: every <interval> more and more of the dungeon is underwater. To do this you need to know the source, and the relative elevations of various rooms. I'd recommend giving rooms four states - dry, ankle-deep, chest-deep, over-your-head, completely-filled - and rate the source(s) by how many stages it can fill per interval. Generally I'd eyeball the map and flood downhill, with rooms getting to ankle depth before the water spills over to a lower place. Bonus points if you use some fluid other than water - I'm partial to mercury or poison gas.
The Archmage is out: every turn roll a d6. Once you cumulatively roll 5 1's, he's come back. The party better skedaddle soon, because he's a 60th-level ubermage able to cast Elric's Flaming Haemerrhoids at will. This works well with archmages' towers, elder dragons' dens, demons' lairs, and generally anywhere you can stock a big nasty that the party knows would squish them flat in an outright fight. A variant has the bad guy already there, but temporarily neutralized - asleep, behind a failing barrier, whatever. Season dice and intervals to taste.
The dungeon is unstable: maybe it's situated in the caldera of a live volcano, or in the rift between the astral and ethereal planes. Or maybe the entrance is an old mine shaft that's under serious stress. This has much the same mechanics as the archmage one above, but after a certain accumulation of rolls the entrance will be closed, or the dungeon will collapse, or whatever. A variant on this is the 'clockwork dungeon' - where the map changes every so often, making navigation difficult or impossible. Maybe the dungeon is a wizard's toy, or it's slipping through time, and staying too long will mean you have to deal with dinosaurs or barbarians where you expected your village to be.
The Timed Treasure
Whereas above the dungeon itself was becoming undelvable over time, in these scenarios it's just becoming undesirable to do so, due to disappearing reward.
Kingdom of the Sidhe: After a certain time passes, all the loot in or from the dungeon will lose all value. The adventurers had better retrieve and spend it beforehand! Keep a timer keyed to turns or hours or whatever. Whenever enough time passes, increment it by one. Don't forget to make sure the players know they need not only to acquire the loot, but get rid of it too! An elven favorite is turning leaves into gold, but fresh basilisk blood or psionic crystals that must be preserved by the local alchemist after being chiseled from the walls are also good ones.
Explosive treasure: Do you really want to muck around when you have a backpack full of white phosphorous in kerosene? Make the treasure valuable but volatile. It doesn't have to be explosive; it might be an acid, or a powerful djinni bottled in a jar and yearning to get out, or carefully preserved bottles of essence of green slime. Every time the characters do something dangerous, it has a chance of backfiring.
There goes the neighborhood: The denizens of the dungeon have decided for whatever reason to pack up and leave, bringing their stuff with them. Much like the coming of the archmage in reverse. Roll a d6. After 3 or so 1's, randomly or by fiat pick a faction; they exit the dungeon with all their treasure. To complicate matters, the PCs might be between them and the exit.
Competition: The old standby; have another party racing the PCs through the dungeon. This takes a care and finesse which is outside my scope. I'd think at the very least you'd have structured tables and a general idea of how the NPCs will progress through the dungeon, but coming up with specifics for running this scenario is left as an exercise for the reader. An exercise he'll hopefully then publish on a blog, so I can steal his ideas.
All of these methods only work if the party knows what's going on. I can't stress that enough. Often this can be handled narratively either in the moment ("The dungeon appears to be flooding with a silvery liquid. Judging by its rate of flow, you'd expect this place to fill up fairly quickly - unless there are hidden depths you don't know about.") or beforehand. ("The old man insists that he heard strange rumblings over the last week and the Crypt of Sasura is on the verge of collapse after all these centuries, so you'd better hurry.") Still, that may not always be the case, and the players should always have at least a rough idea of how their time limits are being decided. If that's too 'gamist' or something for you, don't use these methods.
Posted by Unknown at 5:03 PM 3 comments:
Labels: cool ideas, GURPS, random encounters, rules, Swords & Wizardry, system agnostic, yak shaving
Maps of the area around the Keep
In the session reports I mentioned that the PCs commissioned maps of the area around the Caves of Chaos. One was an extremely local map, and the other a rather broad map showing things in roughly a four-day march, excepting to the west because that's where the Realm lies and therefore not interesting.
The first is just the local map with the numbers taken off, which I include here because someone else might find it useful.
Bet you can't tell where the numbers used to be
(Oh, also the Caves of the Unknown are missing, because Cedric the sage didn't know they existed.)
I really like this map from B2. It has some serious charm to it. I especially like the sudden interruption of 'standard' terrain features to show a stand of tamaracks in the swamp. I don't know why, but it shows a sort of quirky artistry to me that I find endearing. It helps bring the area alive - like this was a map actually drawn by one of the inhabitants.
One of the other things I wonder is whether the Keep is drawn to scale, and I think so. That would put it at somewhere between 100-200 yards in its longest dimension, closer to the former than the latter. It really is a pretty small place if you're treating it as a town. I'd estimate it very roughly as about the same size as Le Château de Rolle.
The other map is a sort of rough-and-ready thing I threw together in Hexographer in half an hour:
Things within a 4-day walk from the Keep
Those ruins to the south of the swamp are the Caverns of Thracia. I'm beginning to think the players will never go there, which makes me a little sad because everyone should get a chance to play in (and run) a Paul Jacquays module. However, they discussed it (in an upcoming play report) and realized they would either have to brave the swamp to and from the Keep, or set up a temporary base camp at the ruins (once they found them).
Most of the rest of the map is undetailed. I have rough ideas of what I want to put where (e.g., the cave in the moutains is an old dwarven stronghold, Limbick's Tower is the ancient abandoned tower of an Imperial archmage.) One thing I'm particularly excited by on this map is Old Isk, which is the ruins of an old Imperial trading city. I want to make it into a 'city dungeon', with a very small population living among the ruins of the old civilization - like Constantinople after the Crusades. I'm mulling over ideas for that, but it'll probably be a sort of psuedo-hexcrawl/pseudo-dungeon with a lot of random generation of buildings, treasures, and encounters.
Then if the players don't go there, I can plop it down in another campaign.
Labels: maps, setting, Swords & Wizardry, the Keep
On the advantages and disadvantages of history for life
Creating a detailed setting for your game is an urge that bites every GM. It's one of the theoretical pleasures of the job: you get to create and inhabit the mental vistas of an imaginary world. The draw of that sort of escape from the quotidian concerns of the world we have is not to be scorned; both J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, to name just two writers with deep connections to our hobby, created vast and intricate imaginary worlds for their own amusement.
Unfortunately, one of the pitfalls that befalls DMs is the assumption that they can and should treat their games as some sort of open-ended novel. For this game, the creation of a large and detailed setting has several disadvantages:
It encourages the DM to hand out setting packets. At best these are enjoyed, then forgotten. More usually, they are ignored, or are a pain to read, and are still mostly forgotten.
The base world assumption of D&D is, now, something with which players are already familiar or can rapidly become so. It is familiar. Creating your own setting reduces that near-immediate familiarity, and therefore requires more work in communication from you and the players.
Much of the time, the way a setting is written is not really gameable. It's a toy for the GM about which the players know and care very little.
Setting often restricts player agency. Whether it's directly (you have a 12th-level fighter in every little hamlet in the countryside to keep a damp on their hijinks) or indirectly (they can't go form their own duchies because the Benevolent Empire already claims all the available land).
Despite all this, we still do it regularly. If we're honest, it's because tinkering with the game world and finding or creating new things in it is one of the things that keeps us coming back to the table.
With that in mind, I've been bitten by the setting bug. I want to write up a world to play around in, bang about D&D's core assumptions and monster sets a bit, and generally enjoy crafting a world that's a bit...different. I blame Goblin Punch. In order to avoid the pitfalls mentioned above, I've set out these design goals:
All setting information must be gameable, either directly or indirectly. This means creating random encounter tables rather than waxing poetic on the local fauna and detailing cultures that the players might interact with, rather than those on the other side of the continent.
Setting assumptions should be clear and consistent. They should also be of a nature that they can be quickly explained to players at the breech, that is, at the necessary moment.
The setting should not force any actions on the player whatsoever. None of this, "You're all from Westphalia, and you've been at war for generations with the Bournians, so you all hate them." Let players make their own characters.
The setting must be interesting. Nobody gives a damn that the Duke of the Northlands likes wearing purple all the time and is in a long-standing dynastic cold war with the other branch of the family, unless the Duke is also the realm's only bugbear with a title he earned at the Battle of Five Armies and the duchy's main export is magically preserved human skin for use in the creation of powerful scrolls. Aka Greyhawk is a perfectly good setting already, so no need to recapitulate it.
The setting must be flexible enough to accommodate things learned in play. For example, maybe (because a player brings in a slew of dwarves with German names) that dwarven culture is proto-Prussian. While some things should be set as 'this is the way it is', efforts should be made to allow the players to influence the setting through their choices at the gaming table.
Further, the setting must be close enough to the default setting assumptions that I can plop old modules into the game with a minimum of tweaking. One of the things I really want to do is e.g., play thorugh the Lost Cverns of Tsojcanth, or see how the PCs deal with Ravenloft. This means that if my setting doesn't have, say, orcs, there should be a clear orc-equivalent for module purposes (even if it's just bandits).
With all this in mind, I'm hoping to do some long-term setting development on this blog. Said setting would mostly be for a theoretical future game, because the current one is a sort of just-in-time development case. Still, bits might make it in if they don't contradict what has already been established.
Labels: goals, other people's stuff, setting
A supplementary theory of rule generation
I've seen a lot of posts on the nature of the shift from O/BX/AD&D to 2nd and beyond both in the nature of the rules and their proliferation. Many of these posts have been very helpful for formulating how I want to play D&D, and enlightening besides, because I'm interested in this stuff. (Learning about the history and evolution of your hobby is fun in itself.)
The general consensus seems to be, broadly speaking, that the earlier versions of D&D were naturalistic (according to a pseudo-technical definition evolved in the OSR), 'objective' (by which I mean the world didn't change to accomodate plot or narrative, but rather treated those as emergent qualities), and action-focused, rather than character-focused.
One of the myths of the OSR is that rules proliferation was driven by an attempt to make the game "fair" and curtail the power of the GM as used for evil. By myth I don't mean to imply its falsity; I mean something like a cultural story. Personally I think there's good hard evidence in the way certain rules and mores in our hobby evolved for this myth. Further, even beyond questions or truth or falsehood of the essential facts, the myth is good and useful, because it makes us think about social interaction at the table and form the correct response to the spectre of social friction.
However, I don't think it tells the whole story. To that end, let me offer another explanation, meant to go side-by-side, rather than replace the above.
Most OSR bloggers I have read got into the hobby as kids in the 80s. These folks cut their teeth on B/X or AD&D with their brothers and neighbors, with lots of time and the general social difficulties children have influencing their gaming. It's true, there are bloggers out there who started in the 70s, or as adults, or in the 70s as adults, but I feel pretty comfortable saying that the lion's share of the OSR bloggers out there to whom I have been exposed either are the children of the 80s or strongly influenced by them.
I have a different perspective. I started gaming in the 90s, with GURPS - with adults. (I was three.) By the time I started regularly playing with people in my own age group, I was in college. So I largely side-stepped the difficulties of gaming with (other) children, who haven't fully developed a social consciousness. I never really experienced the difficulties of an unacceptable adversarial GM relationship, or gaming with people who can't be 'adult' about things.
One of my other hobbies is mucking about with computers. This is hardly surprising; there's a large intersection of gamers and computer hobbyists of all stripes. One thing about computer hobbyists, no matter what distinct strain they adhere to, is that they like tinkering with things and building things. For some it's more mathematical constructs, others play with soldering irons, still others like creating and refining software.
I think those urges spilled over into the hobby of gaming as well. People started making new rules not just to fix what they considered broken but because they wanted to improve the system they used. Tinkering with improvements and redesigns, while putatively useful, is actually often an end in itself. Some people garner enjoyment from the tinkering.
This same thing happened with rules. I posit that some of the rules-creep that happened happened because people enjoyed making rules and having rules.
Unfortunately, while the process of making rules can be fun, and being able to say you have rules is enjoyable, the actual use of those rules can be a real bear. Especially when those rules were made at root for the fun of their own making, with actual play being secondary. (c.f. AD&D's weapon speed factors)
This urge is still with us today, and while we have a cautionary tale against changing the game to make it more 'fair' I haven't yet seen anything like a consensus narrative addressing this problem. (Peter's Has that come up in actual play? is the pioneering exception, for which the man should get massive kudos. Everyone coming here already knows about that post, but go read it again.)
Labels: GMing, random thoughts, rules
Scax, the player of Rori and new to the table, rolled an 18 for charisma last night for his new character. Naturally, the question came up of his playing a paladin.
I'm not sure whether or not I like paladins. Sure, the concept is fun - he's a questing Holy Knight, like Percival or Galahad or the Templars or the Hospitallers. But if we're honest, isn't that niche pretty well covered by the Cleric if you want godly powers, or the Fighter with appropriate background tweaks?
Still, with the exception of the monk (whom I find egregious) and the assassin (annoying), I'm not going to curtail my players' options. If they want a paladin, they can have a paladin. Really, I can't blame them; the role has a certain irreducible flavor.
According to S&W Complete, "Paladins will not work with characters other than those of Lawful alignment unless ordered to do so by a superior officer of the Paladin's order, by a Lawful prince, or by the high priest of a Lawful temple." I disagree.
First, such a restriction means one of two things in play: either it is a restriction on the rest of the players, and not the paladin, or the paladin will never be played. That's not fun. Second, it's not really how I see a godly crusader behaving.
So for my game, instead, Paladins have to have some specific goal which reflect why they're going adventuring. This can be pretty much anything that passes the sniff test, and is dependent on the creativity of the player. Some examples might include, "End the influence of the Cult of the Red Hand," "Pacify the Dagoland Marshes," "Root out and destroy the heresy of Pelasgos that is gripping temples in the hinterland," "Convert all the orcs from the worship of Tectonicus their heathen god," or whatever. Specificity is important, not only because it needs to be a restriction and a direction, but because it seems a great way to flesh out the world further. (Suddenly there's a Dagoland Marshes, or a heresy in the church, or a cult, or a general religion of orcs.)
A Paladin will not do anything that doesn't obviously and pretty directly further his goal. You want to go spelunking in those caverns you found last week? That's great. How exactly does that relate to erecting a shrine to Isel and teaching all the pagans in this land to worship Him? Well, that's what I'll be doing while you lot are off futzing around. For this reason, I recommend having a back-up character to play whenever the party wants to do something that doesn't align with the Paladin's goals.
Paladins do not, however, have any restrictions of association based on the class. If consorting with Chaotic people truly will further the goal of converting all of the elves to the Munificent Blood, then consorting with Chaotic people is what you will do.
If a paladin ever accomplishes his task, he chooses another. (Or, alternatively, he's retired, because frankly at that point you've come as close as possible to 'winning' D&D.)
Labels: cool ideas, house rules, Swords & Wizardry
Session recap 3 and 4
Late in the week of the party's convalescence, a new sage moved into town, taking residence in Father Jovian's old apartment. His name is Cedric, though they still haven't asked. His specialties are (major) old Imperial history and geography and (minor) monstrous humanoids. My rules for sages are sort of a vague nod to AD&D; sages generally have an area of major expertise and an area of minor expertise. In their major area, they can reliably answer all questions but the sort nobody would know, plus general related questions. In their minor area, sages can reliably answer questions any specialist might know the answer to, but nothing absolutely specific. Either way, it takes 100 gp and a week's time to answer questions that aren't merely general in nature, plus any costs of materials.
Once I'd explained the difference between going to a sage and just listening for rumours (more expensive, but the answer is guaranteed accurate, and if he doesn't know he'll refund your money) the players decided it would be a good idea to visit Cedric. They asked him for a couple maps of the local area; one just around the Keep, and another of the wilderness a few days beyond. He readily agreed, and they came to terms of 50 gp now, 50 gp on delivery if they're satisfied with the map. Swallowing his pride because Cedric is a travelling sage whose reputation has not yet shown itself around here, he agreed.
Meanwhile, the party has been getting a bit of a reputation as the Slayers of the Basilisk. The local townsfolk have been showing them respect, buying them drinks, and generally treating them like minor celebrities.
After their week of healing, they decided to head back out to the newly christened Basilisk Cave to see if they couldn't find out any more information or ferret out any more treasure. Since they knew the location, they could easily go back. (I didn't roll a 1, they didn't get lost.)
When they got there, they immediately noticed that the smell had changed - more musky, less acrid. Sending the elf to peek his head in, they discovered a bear had taken up residence and was currently napping. Considering the problem for a good long while of quiet back-and-forth outside the cave, they decided the smartest course was to Sleep the bear, then slit its throat. Further discussion led to spending a day smoking the bear meat and trying to salvage the pelt (that didn't go well).
Braving the cave again, they decided to retrace their steps to the basilisk room. There they found the statues of their erstwhile friends, as well as the unmolested corpse of the basilisk, still fairly fresh. Turns out basilisk is highly poisonous. Pablo had a stroke of genius, then: he jimmied off one of the lizard's scales. Pius quickly decided to help, and they managed to remove the rest after a short bit of bloody work.
Meanwhile the party bust down the rest of the doors uninterrupted, finding all the rooms to be much like the first two, with only the mummified lizard as the object of possible value. (It actually is worth ~100 GP to an apothecary for various medical preparations, but they still haven't asked anyone.)
The one room on the west wall was different. It looked more ornate, though in monkish fashion; it had a tapestry so old and rotted away it could not be discerned and crumbled into wet dust at the first touch on the north wall, and the old 'dresser' and 'bed' were inconspicuously carved with symbols of snakes and other reptilian figures. Then the elf noticed that the stone of the southern wall didn't quite meet the joint, and after a little inspection they found that it was a secret door designed to slide to one side.
Cue the search for the trigger, which took much longer than it should have because they searched everywhere it wasn't, including the northern wall (with its own secret door that they failed to find, concealing the as-yet unpillaged temple treasury). Eventually they found press switch recessed under the lip of the bed, and the door slid back. They were unable to make sense of what was revealed: an old collapsed bed with what looked like an ancient elven mummy/skeleton on top of it. However, they did make sense of the torc it wore, and took that before leaving to explore further, neglecting to search and so not finding the box of silver handcuffs underneath the remains of the bed.
Pressing on through the bronze doors, they came to what was a dining hall, and the explanation of what became of this place. There was a hole in the ceiling, and under it was the remains of an old bronze cage. Seated at the long table were six extremely realistic statues of lizard men, albeit with some anatomical oddities - larger crania, finer fingers, and (though they didn't get close enough to see this) the suggestion of feathers.
Poking around the room they didn't find much of interest - all the cookware long since degraded, the sound of dripping water coming from the hole - but Elarian did check the doorway to the southwest. He heard snakes, lots of slithering snakes, and saw that the walkway ended in a jagged break-off not that far along. The party decided to avoid the 'snake-pit', thereby avoiding the one treasure I really hoped they'd find. Alas.
Instead they poked their way up through the ceiling, finding a natural cavern. Faced with a choice, they curved left, coming eventually to a widening cavern that something-or-other was using as a trash-heap. After poking around in the trash and getting freaked out when some of it moved, they discovered that a) it was covered with a sticky, tarry substance, and b) magic missile didn't make it stop moving.
Player of Pius: "Wait, did we just strike oil?" (No, no you didn't. You found an immature black pudding.)
Losing interest, they went further, heading straight instead of right at another fork. This is when they found a foul-smelling cavern and the source of the weeping and moaning that had been suffusing the whole place. The floor was covered with pools of green goop. And at the back of the cavern, a shambling pile of the stuff, whence the cries, reared up and started shuffling toward them. When a Sleep spell didn't put it down, they took the wise course and decided to bug out and back to town.
Personally, I'm proud of this encounter. The shambling pile of goop is actually a troll who years ago was exposed to green slime. It has been eating away at him ever since, but his natural regeneration has kept him from completely succumbing, though it is somewhat compromised now, as are his Hit Dice. He's quite insane as well from the pain. However, what he wants most of all is for it to stop, so as soon as someone thinks to use fire, he would gladly just sit down and burn to death. Perhaps not terribly original, but I like the combination.
Anyhow, back in town the players decided to wait for the completion of their map, taking odd jobs and living off the fame of being the basilisk slayers for a bit. In the meanwhile, Pablo and Elarian took the scales to the local leatherworker and had him make a pair of cloaks, for which there was just enough material because this was for an elf and a halfling.
When the maps were ready (a subject of a different post), they went to see Cedric and managed to avoid paying any more for his work by instead bargaining information and their incomplete map of the Caves of the Unknown. Cedric was ecstatic - it's not every day you make a brand new discovery - and now considers the party his friends. Which doesn't mean he'll charge them less, but it does mean he likes them and is willing to put their commissions first - excepting of course the Lord of the Keep, by whom he hopes to be kept on retainer.
Armed with their new maps, the PCs set out for the Caves of Chaos. Amusingly, they came at them backward, which is to say through the woods from the direction of the Caves of the Unknown rather than from the road as Gary intended. Because of this, the kobolds hiding in the tree don't see them, and they naturally decide to check out the first cave mouth:
This one right here. The one with the gnolls.
They poke their heads in and come quickly upon the gnoll guard picket. The gnolls don't immediately attack, because they want to know what these strange people want in their cave. However, two of them do go off to rouse the others, just in case. Meanwhile the party attempts to communicate once it becomes clear this isn't necessarily a fight, but it turns out none of them speak Gnollish. (This is actually a question in play; I'm using a house rule to determine language selection.) Then the elf opens his mouth to bring attention to himself, having previously been in the back.
Gnolls hate elves with a passion. So they open fire. Gim is seriously injured, but not dead. (0 hp) The party rushes the gnolls, who somehow manage to not only hold off these superior numbers but actually inflict wounds and strike down Pablo when he takes a swing at one of their shins. Morale broken, the party runs, picking up Gim but leaving Pablo's body behind. That's fine; gnolls love halflings!
After patching Gim up enough so he can walk, the party returns to town to lick their wounds and plan. They buy lots of oil, some buckets, and some rope. They also consult Cedric.
It turns out that gnolls hate and fear uncontrolled fire. Also, they have very sensitive noses with a keen sense of smell. Which means, one of the players realizes, that one way to disable them would be to muck with their sense of smell - much like how if you want to get bloodhounds off your trail, you spread cayenne pepper along the ground. The party promptly thanks Cedric and goes off to buy as much powered horseradish as they can get their greedy mits on.
An aside: the party's Magic User, Jib, is a halfling with strange ideas. Rather than considering what he does magic, he calls it 'vougence' and carries around a large, complicated, tubular piece of machinery he calls the Elliptotron. It is with this that he casts Magic Missile.
The horseradish thus acquired, it is decided, can be stuffed down the barrel of the Elliptotron and, if Jib prepares Magic Missile that day, he can shoot it out one 'dose' at a time. Or, if he actually casts Magic Missile, it will all come out in a sort of Poor Man's Dust of Sneezing and Choking. He has enough for six such 'doses'.
Also in town they run across Juan, Pablo's brother who got a letter from his dear sibling and came out to help him make his fortune. Alas, too late, but he has the family resemblance.
Back to the gnoll cave at slightly after dawn, the party sets up their trap. First, they saturate the ground outside the cave with oil. Jib, Elarian and Pius hide above the cave. Gim and Rori, a new fighter from a new player that night, flank the cave to take care of any gnolls who come out. The plan is for Juan to run in, insult the gnolls so they run after him, and then dash back out. When the gnolls are outside the cave, those above will drop buckets of oil on them, and then light it on fire.
The plan works fairly well, except that one of the gnolls is missed by his bucket. Regardless, they burn nicely. However, as before two of the gnolls had gone further into the cave to bring out reinforcements. We ended up with an archery battle across the burning pit, which was something of a standoff because, while the gnolls had more HP, they only had one bow.
Eventually it became clear to the party that the rest of the gnolls had no intention of coming out and facing the fire, which was dying down at that point anyway. Plucking up their courage, Gim, Jib, Elarian, and Rori rush into the cave to face off the ~8 gnolls gathered there, hoping to put them out of commission with Jib's Magic Missile. Unfortunately this proves to be a tactical mis-step, as Rori takes an axe to the skull and Jib is cut down before he can finish the spell. Elarian rushes to take up the Elliptotron and finish the work. One of the gnolls slices into him as well, but he manages to hang onto consciousness just long enough to loose the powder. (He was at exactly 0 HP; I rolled to see if he managed to keep the spell and if he managed to get it off before losing consciousness.) Down went the gnolls, too concerned with the excruciating pain in their noses to put up a fight, and the PCs promptly slit their throats. The final casualty list was 3 PCs to 12 gnolls; pretty good for level 1.
Then, rather than press forward, they decided to retire back to town. They were severely depleted, and it was late. We'll pick this up again in the coming Saturday, though we'll be down one player, because he moves this week to sunnier pastures. Hopefully we can find a replacement. (If not, 3 is an acceptable number for now.)
Meanwhile the gnoll chieftan has to figure out what to do about his depleted tribe. The PCs are going to take at least a couple days to recuperate, so the bugbears are going to come sniffing about, smelling weakness. However, they'll be repulsed once they find there are still 13 able-bodied gnolls. The gnolls will send to their disaffected kin in the Moathouse, but they won't arrive for months. However, all the males that are normally in the common room will be stationed in the entrance, and they'll have built a makeshift barricade out of the old burnt table, broken chairs, and mounds of earth and branches.
Start of a new campaign + Sessions 1 and 2 recap
The game I'm running now is based on Swords & Wizardry. Originally we were using the Core Rules, but I quickly switched to the Complete rules once I found out they were actually available for free. There's practically no difference; Complete has a few optional classes, and it says a little bit more about Strongholds, wilderness, and monsters. All of the mechanics I've been able to track down are the same, though.
It actually started quite a while after the GURPS DF game finished; I and a couple friends from my former workplace went to a local con, and there I convinced them to play with me in a S&W White Box game. They loved it. For this reason I seriously considered sticking with the White Box rules, but I had done a few test runs with that system and knew I wanted to eventually move to something slightly more complicated, with things like variable weapon damage and hit points. I figured making the move at first was easier than making it later.
I rustled up two extras, two of whom had never played D&D before but were interested, and I gave them the choice: they could start in Hommlet or they could start in the Keep. They chose the Keep. Since I'm all about player choice, I told them that Hommlet was a few days to the east and that there were rumours of an old set of ruins a few days through the swamp to the south. (The Caverns of Thracia.) So far they've only been interested in the Caves, which is fine by me.
The setting is intentionally vague, and at least so far hasn't diverged much from the "medieval fantasy" background assumption of D&D. I'm running it like Points of Light, by which I mean the PCs are all from "the Realm" of which the Keep is the easternmost fortress, but the area they consider civilization they could walk across in a couple weeks. What else is out there? That's a good question, but it's not uninhabited. The Realm just considers them all "barbarians and savages with whom we sometimes trade."
A thousand years ago, The Empire collapsed as it was overrun by barbarian hordes. They left behind ruins, artifacts, etc. etc. The Church of the Realm is the Church of Sol Invictus. Alignments are based around this: if you're Lawful, you believe in Sol Invictus (or perhaps a related god, outside the Realm), civilization as a righteous thing, and all that. If you're Neutral, you don't really care one way or another. Perhaps you've lapsed, or perhaps you follow the Old Ways (druidic paganism). If you're Chaotic, you're opposed to Sol Invictus for some reason - maybe you don't believe in this civilization, maybe you worship one of the Darker Gods, or whatever. Notably, Magic Users are always chaotic, because the arcane forces they toy with twist them, and elves are always Chaotic because they're closely aligned with the Fae.
Generally, I'm going for a Dark Ages Europe feel. There's a Constantinople out there somewhere, but the PCs don't know about it.
Class levels also exist as an in-game phenomenon. In order to gain class levels, you travel to one of the 'navels of the world' - places of old power that the priests and scribes used to be controlled and sanctified by the Empire before it collapsed, and that are now sacred to Sol Invictus. If you go to a Lawful one, you come out either as a Fighter or a Cleric. If you go to a Chaotic one, you can come out as a Fighter, Cleric, or Thief. Naturally the Church doesn't admit that Chaotic navels (generally, those controlled by entities not aligned with Sol Invictus) exist, and they claim that the power of the navels comes from Sol Invictus. It certainly seems like they're partially right, what with Lawful Clerics getting blessings in line with the powers of Sol.
In order to become a Magic User, you find another Magic User to expose you to the secret artifacts and eldritch rituals.
Further, if someone has class levels, you can tell. They have a sort of mystical charisma and an air of competence - Fighters move with more grace and self-assurance than mere men-at-arms. Clerics are also obvious, and thieves are if they want to be, or to each other.
Anyhow, I have four sessions to quickly recap for posterity. I won't bother to make a distinction between the sessions at this point, but later I'll be writing recaps as they happen. (Mostly for my benefit. I don't like writing them, but they're a good place to stick information I need to keep track of that showed up in the session.)
When the curtain opened, we had:
Gim - a Lawful dwarven Cleric
Tiny - a Lawful Fighter
Pius Inebrius - a Chaotic Cleric who worships Bacchus
Elarion - an Elf Fighter/Magic-User
Buddha - a Neutral Cleric to a dead god
They spent the session meandering around the Keep, seeing the sights and meeting the locals. They heard a few rumours about the Caves of Chaos - like how the big dogmen live high in the caves, while the little dogmen live low, and how there's a huge vault of treasure in the southernmost caves, but also a wizard who would kill all trespassers - that I probably need to remind them of because it's been long enough I bet they've forgotten. They spent some time in the Traveller's Rest Inn, the name of the tavern and inn in the Keep, and recruited a few local laborers for their expedition. They also encountered the Curate of the Keep, along with the traveling priest and his two initiates, the latter group of whom readily agreed to go out with them to vanquish the evil in the Caves! These were Theodoric, Jovian, Bob, and Ted respectively. Those of you who remember the module know that Father Jovian is both Chaotic and evil, so he's coming along to make sure they fail and die.
Come the next morning they set out early, though they lost Buddha for a halfling ne'er-do-well named Pablo (who sports a Gordito moustache). They stopped by the Church for Theodoric's blessing, and he confided in Gim that he didn't exactly trust Jovian.
Off they went and promptly realized they didn't know where they were going other than 'off west somewhere near the road'. They turned north after about half a day on the road, cut through the forest, and finally found a very large clearing on the hillside. They set up camp because it was getting late, and resolved to keep searching come morning.
After a night-time diversion involving orcs that caused no casualties but netted no information, either (Jovian was the only one who spoke Orcish, and he wasn't about to tell the party that these guys were from the Caves or anything useful), they set about continuing to search. After a few hours poking through the clearing, Elarion found an opening into the hillside.
Again, those of you who know the module know that this was not the Caves of Chaos, but rather the Caves of the Unknown.
They gathered round the cave mouth and Tiny shouted inside. That's when the 28 stirges flew out and latched on to one of the laborers, Ted, and Gim. Fortunately for the party they were able to free Gim before he died. Ted and the laborer weren't so lucky, but at least most of the stirges stayed attached to them for the next few rounds, so the rest of the party managed to survive.
Entering the cave, they noticed immediately that it was quite strange, and very old. The stone was worked, but rather than being square, the walls, floor, and ceiling were all gently curved. The place also stank of ammonia and moisture, moreso when the short entryway opened into a large chamber with a tunnel northeast and another to the west that was clearly the place the stirges had been roosting. It also had a small raised area to the north, with a low rock platform that was strewn with the same bones and ammoniac junk that covered the floor. Examining this, they discovered that the thing was likely an altar of some sort, carved with bas-reliefs of snakes and other reptiles in various poses. They also found a small jade statue of a twining snake, which they took.
Deciding the take the northeast tunnel, they discovered that it opened into another smaller room at the end, with several molded wooden doors on the east, north, and west walls, and a pair of large corroded bronze valves ajar to the south. They set about busting down the nearest wooden door, which was still miraculously intact (carved with a snake sigil) but swollen into the doorframe. They sent Pablo in, where he found a large, dusty mess of what looks like it used to be plant fibers all over the room, a low dresser made of stone, and a low sleeping platform at the back of the room. The only thing of potential value he found was in the dresser - a mummified lizard, in the same drawer as a bunch of old stone knives and scalpels, some crusted with ancient blood. He pocketed it and moved on.
Meanwhile the rest of the party was looking around the main room and decided to bust down a few more of these doors to see what was inside. This much noise naturally attracted the interest of the basilisk in the next room, who came to investigate.
Basilisks in my game are very much what you might think - dog-sized lizards who turn creatures to stone. Specifically, you have to look the basilisk in the eyes, which themselves are made of large rubies. They're also immortal and don't need to eat, but constantly ravenously hungry (since most things they try to eat turn to stone before they can).
However, a properly alchemically mummified lizard is proof against this power, and in fact will turn the basilisk to stone if struck by one. Basilisks know this, and are mesmerized by the lizards when presented. (It's a sort of terror; the basilisk is caught between that and the ravenous hunger, and makes a save each round to continue attacking. I made up that mechanic on the spot.)
It took the party a good while to figure out the lizard was why Pablo wasn't turned to stone when the basilisk looked directly at him several times after he stabbed it in the kidneys. By that time, Jovian, Bob, and Pius had already turned to stone, and the surviving laborers had beat feet. It was still nearly a TPK, because they never figured out that striking the basilisk would petrify it. By the end, only Pablo and Tiny remained un-stoned, and Tiny only because he had his guts ripped out.
Fortunately, fresh basilisk blood is an antidote to petrification. It's also a very valuable alchemical reagent, mostly for Stone to Flesh unguents that manage to stretch it further. Pablo, being a worldly sort, knew this. He'd never slaughtered an animal before, but after a few mistakes he managed to get enough blood out of the creature for the four stoned party members to be reversed. (He got lucky; I rolled a d4 for doses. Originally there was a d8, but he wasted quite a bit of blood on the floor.)
After this, the party retired to lick their wounds for a week in the Keep. Turning back from stone is a physically stressful occurrence, and they needed some time off.
This post is getting really long, so I'm going to split the other two sessions off into another post. I'll also write up a little on the Caves of the Unknown.
Labels: B2, play report, setting, Swords & Wizardry, the Keep
Tiny post on SM House Rules for Dungeon Fantasy
Found this in the old posts and thought it might be good enough to throw out there as-is.
Skeletons have SM -1 because they're harder to hit, since the structure isn't all there. The same logic can be used for other creatures, e.g. the Elegant Spears of the Jungles of Zaridun, who have adapted to the heavy monsoons by becoming voluminous lattice-works of chitin to let the water flow through without resistance.
SM can never give more than a -4 or +4 in melee combat, and it will never cause the Size/Range/Speed bonus to be larger/less than +- 4 (by which I mean that the full SM will apply, but the bonus/malus will cap out if it would cause a larger deviation)
For example, fighting a Giant with SM +6 with a sword would only give you a +4 to hit, because after something gets large enough it isn't easier to hit it if it's larger. Is it easier to punch a barn than the Shuttle Assembly Building?
Similarly, if you shot an SM+10 creature from 200 yards away (-12), you'd be at an effective -2. If you shot the same creature from only 15 yards away (-5), you'd be at an effective +4 - the other +1 is lost, because after a certain point it isn't easier to shoot a larger thing. If you were shooting it from two inches away, you'd still only have a +4 - though I wouldn't make you roll unless there were serious other factors in play about whether you could hit it (which the rest of its SM could be used to help cancel out - it is easier to hit the Shuttle Assembly Building than a house if you're trying to do it in a gale).
Labels: GURPS, house rules, random thoughts
Post-mortem on a blog (and campaign)
Those of you who were following this blog before have by now no doubt noticed that it is dead. Dead, dead, dead. It was merely wounded, once, and the surgeon did all he could, but after hours of frankly gruesome work on the operating table, up to his elbows in readership, he finally relented and declared it dead.
The campaign it chronicled limped on, at first unharmed by this admission. But it too died, grown alien and bizarre to the wishes of both its creator and its players. It reached a natural point, and so we graciously led it into the stall and quietly shot it in the head. We were all agreed: it was a mercy killing.
Here's the autopsy, in no particular order, for both the blog and the campaign.
Part of the problem was just the group and the group dynamics. Rather than being a gaming group, this is more a group of friend(ish) people who get together to game. The distinction I'm making is primarily that the attitude toward actually getting down to brass tacks and playing your character is much more relaxed, and at least two people are there primarily to shoot the shit with friends. Also, the social order comes first, meaning you can't, for example, kick people out of your game if they're not a good fit for whatever reason. Problems that stem from this were in no particular order:
Some players never bothered to really learn the rules. This in turn made not only play but character creation a chore.
There was one disruptive player in particular, who could not be excised without probable dissolution of the game anyway.
In addition, character creation was a chore. GURPS, with templates, computer assistance and good knowledge of the options, is not hard to make a character for. However, even with those assumptions it still doesn't beat 3d6 in order. It just can't. Even if you shave it down to take less time (say, experienced GURPS player vs. never rolled up a character in D&D) it still involves more thought and complexity. This is bad for a game where life is cheap, not only because it raises the barrier to entry, but it also shifts some of the emphasis of player decisions into making the character rather than playing the game. (More on this in another post, if people want.)
Further, creating content for the game was becoming a chore. True, I'd already converted the Moathouse and portions of the Temple, come up with random encounter tables and cool stuff, and so forth, but still. The difference in the systems got to be too great. As an example, in GURPS Dungeon Fantasy, the emphasis on tactical combat is at odds with D&D's low-level focus on exploration and problem solving, which meant that I had to do a lot of 'sprucing up' of the dungeon in order to make it both interesting and a challenge. Another way to look at it is that the Temple became not only a chore, but a boring one - I would have been better off writing a dungeon for DF from scratch. The game assumptions, from how to play to how rewards work, were too fundamentally different for me to remain interested in the task of reconciling them.
Am I saying that you can't play 'Old School' GURPS DF? Absolutely not. Not only do I still personally believe that is possible, but +Peter V. Dell'Orto's group proves that it can be done. But I am saying that method wasn't right for me at the time, and wasn't right for my group.
All of that also makes it pretty clear why the blog died, with a couple of added points:
The blog itself began to feel like a chore. When I started running out of things to say, I kept trying to push myself to say more. I forgot that I intended to be a gamer who put stuff here to help myself and other people out, not a content provider. In particular, scheduling myself and expecting myself to stick to the schedule was a bad idea.
This fed back on my natural cycles of industry, laziness, and guilt. Especially as unfinished draft posts and unwritten play reports backed up, crying out to be written.
For those who absolutely, positively must know what happened after Calowas died, what follows is a hyper-abbreviated run-through of the rest of the campaign.
The player of Calowas brought in a bard, and they all went back out to the Moathouse again. They found that it was now populated by a group of gnolls, previously down in the basement and now broken with Lareth. They ambushed the gnolls pretty effectively and had a fairly one-sided skirmish before the surviving gnolls retreated. While they were picking through the bodies, they discovered that there were also some goblins when the gnolls sent in their goblin thralls to make a truce.
A truce was made, involving non-aggression and information on the one side, and money on the other. The party proceeded downstairs and found Lubash the ogre, who killed the scout and the druid (new player) before being brought to bay. Picking through his stuff they found enough treasure to call it a day.
Coming back, they went down again, skipped past the zombie crypts once more to check out what was beyond the ogre, and found in a large dead-end room a bunch of bugbears. The bard went to 'talk' to them, and found they were pretty well set up, being bugbears - hiding behind an overturned table, ready in ambush by the entrance, etc. They quickly negotiated a monetary truce, and while the bugbears were waiting for the party to throw in the money the party instead threw in a Stench cloud. Bugbears stumbled out wheezing one at a time and the party whacked them all.
Wandering around a bit more, the party found the other end of Lareth's guards and had a long conversation that ended with the party apparently agreeing to go see Lareth. The sergeant told them to put down their arms and follow him, which is when the bard (same player as Calowas) again shot one of them. Cue pitched battle in the hallway with the wizard saving the day with a Mass Sleep spell. After this they go to see Lareth, who is presented as pretty hoss (like he is in the Temple - fourth level Cleric with magic plate and a rod of striking), so they listen to him and are on the verge of possibly joining up when they (still primarily elves despite casualties) find out he worships Lolth.
Cue another battle, this time in magical Darkness against a death-touching cleric (Rod of Striking = 2d deathtouch per blow) which ended well for the party due to a couple lucky hits from the Knight and then the Barbarian getting her big mitts on Lareth and smashing his head into the ceiling repeatedly. His guards didn't have a chance to come in and help him because the party was wisely blocking the door at the same time.
After that, the party looted all the stuff in Lareth's room and on his body (a very nice haul indeed) and we called that the end of the campaign.
Some corpses are not quite what they appear.
Labels: blog death, GMing, play report
Places I lurk
The Alexandrian
The Vladaam Affair – Part 4: Gathering Information
Goblin Punch
Dark Paths and Wandered Roads
Mysteries of Mystara 014
Unfrozen Caveman Dice Chucker
How to Read the AD&D Rules: Grappling with Non-Lethal Combat Part II
On Ecology Completed
Semper Initiativus Unum
The Brave Art of Running Away
The Rusty Battle Axe
No School Grognard
It came from the GURPS forums: Low-Tech armor and fire damage
Gaming Ballistic
GURPS Day Summary Oct 14 - Oct 20, 2016
The Numinal Illuminal
The New Agnosticism; or, Screwing Around With Previously Respected Humanistic Disciplines: a review of James Wood's lecture "The New Atheism and the Modern Novel"
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Found this in the old posts and thought it might be good enough to throw out there as-is. Skeletons have SM -1 because they're harde...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Editorial Roundup: Alabama
Dothan Eagle. November 27, 2021.
Editorial: New penitentiaries, same old hellholes
Two years ago, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a report alleging constitutional violations in the Alabama prison system. DOJ cited overcrowding in the state's 13 prisons for men, understaffing of corrections personnel, and high risk of violence, death, and sexual abuse, along with excessive force and unsafe physical plant conditions.
It should've been a wake-up call for Alabama officials. The situation in the Department of Corrections didn't materialize overnight. Prison officials watched as the inmate rosters grew, and kept tabs on the inmate-corrections officer ratios, and passed the information up the pipeline. The buck stops with elected officials who hold the purse strings and set the agenda.
And year after year, the growing problem was ignored. In 2019, the DOC put the state on notice. Last December, it filed suit against the state.
State officials began discussion about spending a billion dollars on new prisons, and after a false start, the Legislature approved a $1.3 billion construction plan earlier this year.
Now the DOJ has issued a new report saying conditions have not improved since its first complaint in April 2019. Alabama prisons hold more than 14,000 inmates in facilities meant to house 9,462. There are only half as many corrections officers as needed. Since 2015, 58 inmates have died at the hands of other prisoners in Alabama penitentiaries; seven were killed in 2021.
DOJ's new complaint doesn't address the new prison plan, but has asserted that new buildings won't solve the ills of Alabama prisons.
Lawyers for the state are challenging the DOJ complaint in court, but it seems futile to argue facts such as 150 percent occupancy rate, 50 percent deficit in corrections officers and seven violent inmate deaths in less than 11 months.
Lawmakers must show a good faith effort to address the myriad challenges within the walls of the state's prisons, or we'll simply have the same hellholes in billion-dollar Big Houses.
Decatur Daily. November 30, 2021.
Editorial: Alabama's prison system continues to worsen
The past two weeks have brought more bad news about the state of Alabama's beleaguered prison system.
Last week, the U.S. Department of Justice updated its complaint in its lawsuit against the state over prison conditions.
"In the two and a half years following the United States' original notification to the State of Alabama of unconstitutional conditions of confinement, prisoners at Alabama's Prisons for Men have continued daily to endure a high risk of death, physical violence, and sexual abuse at the hands of other prisoners," the complaint said.
The complaint says at least 33 inmates were killed in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Alabama Department of Corrections, meanwhile, has stonewalled efforts by The Associated Press to get information on the current year.
The state Legislature has passed and Gov. Kay Ivey has signed a law that authorizes using $400 million in COVID relief funds to help build two new prisons for men, a new prison for women and renovate other facilities, but the problems with Alabama's corrections system go beyond bricks and mortar and even beyond money.
There is a lack of leadership at the Department of Corrections, an issue Rep. Chris England, a Democrat from Tuscaloosa, has raised many times. It is becoming clear that no meaningful improvement at the state Department of Corrections is possible without changes at the top, starting with Corrections Commissioner Jeff Dunn.
But even changes in leadership may not be enough. The entire culture at the Department of Corrections may be the issue, just as it seems to be with the state parole board.
According to news reports this week, the number of inmates granted release by the Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles has dropped for three straight years.
"The three-member board granted parole for 648 inmates and turned down 3,584 others during the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30. The approval rate for the year was less than half the average of 37% for the previous 10 years," according to an Associated Press story.
The parole board's decisions appear to go against its own guidelines, under which more inmates should qualify for release. They also come despite a reform-minded former state lawmaker, Cam Ward, now being director of the Bureau of Pardons and Paroles.
"They're within the law because the law is so flexible on how they get to make those determinations," Ward said of the parole board's decisions. "But I would hope that if they're going to have these guidelines, you follow the guidelines."
Ward says legislation is necessary to force the parole board to follow the guidelines, and England says he would sponsor such legislation.
Meanwhile, the state's prisons continue to be overcrowded and dangerous to the point of being deadly, a situation exacerbated when those who do qualify for parole or pardons are denied.
Treatment of prisoners
Correctional systems
Sex in society
Prison overcrowding
Alabama state government
Kay Ivey
Camaron Marvel Ochs


text:
Kim Beckham, CLTC
ACSIA Partners LLC
kim.beckham@acsiapartners.com
November is Long-Term Care Awareness Month. Why Should You Care?
Kim Beckham, long-term care agent with ACSIA Partners LLC, explains.
Victoria, TX October 28, 2022 — Back in 2001, November was designated Long-Term Care Awareness Month by the American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance (AALTCI). Now it's an event recognized by Congress and a number of states.
"We need an annual reminder because a lot is going on right now," says Kim Beckham, CLTC, TX-based agent with ACSIA Partners LLC. "We're faced with everything from pandemics to politics, so some important things, like long-term care, escape our attention.
"But protecting your retirement resources from long-term care expenses is more important than most people realize," Beckham says. "Waiting until you need it to look into it is not a realistic plan. It takes just a few minutes to get up to speed on the latest planning options."
Beckham passes on 10 important facts supplied by AALTCI:
Americans are living longer, in large part due to advances in medical care and public health. Life expectancy in the US for those reaching 65 was 20 years on average in 2019.
By 2030, one in five residents in the US will be age 65 or older.
The number of people in need of long-term support services (LTSS) in the United States is already beyond 14 million -- and expected to grow to 27 million by 2050.
Average out-of-pocket costs are $140,000 for those individuals who utilize paid long-term support services (LTSS). While roughly 17 percent will spend over $100,000 on LTSS, almost 9 percent will spend much more, over $250,000.
By 2040, the total prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the US is expected to approximately double from 7.2 million to nearly 13 million, with 8.5 million women and 4.5 million men expected to develop dementia.
For those requiring high levels of LTSS, individuals and families pay 55 percent of long-term care costs out of pocket.
At this time, the majority of older single-person households are female. Women comprise more than 70 percent of solo households age 80 and over.
Some 7.5 million Americans have some form of long-term care insurance. Two-thirds of all new individual long-term care insurance claims pay for care needed by women.
The long-term care insurance industry paid out $11 billion in benefits to some 310,000 individuals with insurance protection in 2019. The amount is expected to increase annually as the current policyholders grow older and, as a result, are more likely to begin their claim.
Almost 70 percent of new claims start after the policyholder reaches age 80. If you live a long life, you are very likely to need long-term care. You'll be very glad you have a policy to pay benefits.
How to proceed with so much information?
"My colleagues and I focus on the many ways of paying for care, so it's less of a worry," says Beckham. "We're also glad to coordinate with our clients' other advisors -- financial, legal, or estate."
As a state-certified long-term care insurance agent Beckham advises on the full range of LTC planning options, which include:
Traditional long-term care insurance through multiple carriers
"Hybrid" policies (typically life insurance with long-term care riders)
Worksite long-term care (portable individual voluntary plans with group advantages)
Annuities with tax-advantaged long-term care features
Additional protections including long-term care education and referrals to top care services
Beckham may be reached at http://www.kimltc.com or 361-484-0851
Beckham is a licensed long-term care insurance agent who represents the company in AZ, IL, KS, MI, MO, NE, OK, TX.
In California the company is known as xACSIA Partners Insurance Agency; in other states, as ACSIA Partners.