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Astronomers Discover Galaxy Clusters On The Brink Of A Collision
IFL Science
Many galaxies in the universe are found in large groups known as clusters. Just as galaxies can collide with each other, clusters also end up merging. These mergers help test out cosmological models and now, for the first time, researchers have spotted two clusters that are just about to merge.
As reported in Nature
"These clusters show the first clear evidence for this type of merger shock,"
Clusters van melkwegstelsels betrapt bij eerste kus
Astronomen hebben voor het eerst twee enorme clusters van melkwegstelsels gevonden die op het punt staan om te botsen. De ontdekking vormt een van de ontbrekende...
Public Technologies 2019-06-24
GALAXY CLUSTER SCIENCE 'We are entering the Golden Age'
Astronomers who are studying galaxy clusters are revealing more and more about how things work in the biggest structures in the universe. Thanks to newer telescopes that...
Two clusters of galaxies containing hundreds of billions of stars collide in 'biggest explosion since ...
ASTRONOMERS have spotted the moment two cluster galaxies were on the verge of crashing into each other. They think it could be the 'missing piece of the puzzle' in...
The Sun 2019-06-25
Scientists witness for very first time giant galaxy clusters about to merge
SYDNEY, June 26 (Xinhua) -- An international group of scientists have observed for the first time ever two galaxy clusters on the verge of colliding, an event which is...
Xinhua 2019-06-26
Astronomers Discover Giant Magnetic Fields Stretching Between Galaxies
Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally bound structures in the universe, keeping together hundreds of galaxies, dark matter, and intergalactic gas. Astronomers have now discovered that they also host the largest magnetic fields in the universe. Such a discovery was possible by looking at the so-called radio relics, arc-like features of intergalactic plasma that emit a...
Enormous clusters of thousands of galaxies create ultra hot shockwaves of 100 MILLION degrees when ...
Galaxies create 100-million degree shock-waves when they collide, according to research after a team examined a pair of galaxy clusters as they are about to touch. Researchers have found that when clusters collide they create merger shocks, which transform the kinetic energy into heat. Galaxy clusters are large groups of hundreds of galaxies, each containing hundreds of...
Russia launches international X-ray astronomy mission
A Proton rocket and Block DM upper stage climbed into space Saturday from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan with Spektr-RG, an astronomical observatory with dual X-ray telescopes developed by Russian and German scientists on the hunt for the signature of dark energy. The new observatory will detect X-ray emissions from across the sky, including those from huge clusters of...
Astronomy/Spaceflight Now
NASA Photo From Hubble Reveals Largest Galaxy Cluster Ever Discovered
A NASA and the European Space Agency's Hubble Space Telescope photo features the largest galaxy cluster ever discovered. It is so large that it weighs in at three million billion suns. The massive galaxy—nicknamed "El Gordo," which means "the fat one" in Spanish—had its mass first calculated in 2014. It is technically known as ACT-CLJ0101-4915, but we'll stick with El Gordo....
Astronomers Discover A Magnetic Ridge 10 Million Light-Years Long Between Two Galaxy Clusters
An international team of astronomers have discovered an incredible feature between two galaxy clusters. By tracking the emission of intergalactic particles, they have observed electromagnetic fields stretching between two clusters for the first time. The findings are reported in the journal Science. Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally bound objects in the universe....
A unique experiment to explore black holes
Black holes after a merger A unique experiment to explore black holes 23 May 2019 What happens when two supermassive black holes collide? Combining the observing power of two future ESA missions, Athena and LISA, would allow us to study these cosmic clashes and their mysterious aftermath for the first time. Supermassive black holes, with masses ranging from millions to billions...


What a pleasant, comforting space this is, especially on a cold afternoon (yes, I went off-peak; this place can be very crowded for breakfast/brunch). A bright (full service) bar with somewhat modernistic stools, opening up to a cheerful rear dining room.
Because some people don't know, there's a Russ & Daughters appetizing store on East Houston which opened as J. Russ National Appetizing in 1920. It's almost unrivalled (Barney Greengrass has its devotees) as the city's retail source for Jewish delicatessen.* Then after 95 years, they opened a cafe nearby.
Restaurant Daniel. Always a tricky one. I missed its original incarnation in the small-to-medium-sized space which became Café Boulud, but ate at the grand, tiered, myriad-cover 65th Street rendition several times--each time with a slight sense of disappointment.
Nothing against chef Boulud, of course, whose influence on the New York scene has been eminently benign; I just have a sense that the attempt to give that many people a fine dining experience is always going to mean some rough edges.
Simply, The Gander was way, way better than I'd been led to expect. Maybe it took a year to really kick into gear? And after trudging through snow to get there, I wasn't in the most receptive mood.
On the evidence of this meal, Jesse Schenker was right to spread his wings beyond the bijou Recette.
One of those random weeks, I guess, waiting for Spring and eating and reading and going to view pictures. As for the latter, I was really excited to see some of Tony Fitzpatrick's The Wonder series at Pierogi Gallery in Williamsburg. That was the start of a long fascination with his work--collage, illustration, memorial, and poetry; and I collected all The Wonder books, and still follow his work, posted as it's created at his Wordpress blog.
And I've written about him more than once here.
I had a kind of conceptual disconnect with Ilan Hall's seasonal kitchen, transplanted from Los Angeles to industrial Williamsburg.
There was no reason a produce-driven small plates menu, with gentle Jewish influences, wouldn't work well in the space above an Urban Outfitters on North 6th Street. It was the name.
Here's a choice delicacy from Bedford Cheese. Smoking Goose is an Indianapolis charcuterie, curing and smoking local meats and making fresh sausage.
I thought for a moment I was looking at a smoked goose pâté, given the name, but no: this is a cold smoked elk terrine.
A curious one. Twig Farm is a goat dairy up in Vermont, but sometimes they use neighbors' cows milk in their cheeses, and in the winter months they use cows milk from Butterwick Farm to make Butterwick--or Butterwick Big, as it was called at Bedford Cheese where I bought it.
There's not much information online about it, and I imagine its made in very limited quantities. Worth a try, though.
Word of mouth on the Penn 6 cheeseburger has been in the air for at least a year. A Pat LaFrieda "special" blend in an anonymous tavern near Madison Square Garden.
I put it on my list, as I am in that neighborhood frequently, and finally got around to confirming that, yes, it's better than the average burger.
Seasonal indisposition last week, so we have a lot of catching up to do.
And it was snowy ten years ago, surprise, but through the weather to City Center for a Flamenco Gala, and the desperate grabbing for trays of tapas from Solera restaurant in the bar afterwards.


If you know Hindi and if you have been watching news on Indian television do tune into this channel called Indiatv it is a news channel, but the news they telecast are usually full of humour and baseless. Here are some funny pictures collected from the web.
The title says it all, Commissioner's Dog.


text:
Circle of Care presents talk with Mitch Albom
Five Wilton properties sell, one at $1-million
Wilton schools budget proposed at $84 million
Wilton gets 'jazzed' for Wilton Reads 2020
Sports Submissions
Schriber closes in on roster spot for U.S. men's U19 lax team
Wilton Basketball Association recap (Jan. 11-12)
Wilton impressive in 40-35 win over Darien
Unbeaten start for Wilton boys and girls teams
The Foxhole: 2020 shapes up as a big year
Wilton columnist: Dog days, again
Letter: Wilton wetland regulations must be followed
Wilton letter: The joy of sports
Contact The Wilton Bulletin
https://www.wiltonbulletin.com/sports/high-school-sports/article/Softball-Ward-powers-Warriors-in-10-4-win-over-13992131.php
Softball: Ward powers Warriors in 10-4 win over Staples
Published 9:58 pm EDT, Monday, April 17, 2017
Eliza Ward had four hits, including two doubles and a walk, in five plate appearances as the Wilton High softball team downed Staples 10-4 on Monday in Westport.
Ward also scored two runs and had two RBI in the win, which was Wilton's second in a row. The Warriors are now 4-3 overall and 2-2 in the FCIAC.
Sophia Strazza had three hits, 2 RBI and two runs scored, and narrowly missed hitting a home run on a drive to centerfield.
Maya Farrell went 2-for-4 with two RBI and one run scored, and Maddy Christl went 3-for-4 with two RBI.
Sage Zunda went the distance on the mound, allowing nine hits and striking out three.
Wilton jumped on top with two run in the top of the third and added three runs in the fourth to lead 5-0. The Wreckers plated an unearned run in the fifth, but Wilton answered with three in the top of the sixth to make it 8-1.
The Warriors added two more in the top of the seventh to go up 10-1. Staples scored three runs on four hits in its final at-bat.
The Warriors pounded out 14 hits in the win. Also getting in on the action were Hannah Belanger (walk, two runs), Zunda (hit, RBI, run), Juliana Musilli (hit), Iso Casiraghi (walk, run) and Claire Wilson (run).
For Staples (2-4), Ashley Constantine and Taylor Rochlin each had three hits, while Alison Green had two hits and scored two runs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Merrill Crowell, instructor, deigner & painter will conduct this class every Thursday from 2:00-4:00 PM at the Preakness Branch Library.
Anyone interested in attending may contact Janette Pardo at the Preakness Branch 973-694-7110 Ext. 0.


Do you know the history and correct usage of the rare English word "Baneful"?
In this learn English through weird and wonderful English class, I am going to show you the beauty of this weird and useful word of Baneful.
Baneful is a adjective and It is properly pronounced like the word /'be?nf?l/.
Learn English word baneful – English class tips.
Old Norse bol, Gothic balwjan "to torment"), a word of uncertain etymology.
How to use the baneful in a sentence?
Baneful effects of their foreign policy.
Lower share prices have baneful effect for companies too.
Waste gas emitted by cars has exerted a baneful influence on natural environment.
His baneful influence was feared by all.
Objective : To investigate drinking condition and baneful degree of Mang people.
Use of seal oil filling risers can protect worker from inhaling baneful gases and prevent occupational diseases.
It is, however, in America itself that Haditha may have its biggest arguably most baneful impact.
We shall encounter this notion throughout American history and note its baneful effects.
The baneful effects of envy and jealousy.
I hope you are enjoying this English class and found my "Baneful – Learn English through weird and wonderful words" is usefull.


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You are here: The Job Explorer > By County > Mississippi > Noxubee County
Noxubee County, MS
Noxubee County is one of about 3,141 counties and county equivalents in the United States. It has 694.8 sq. miles in land area and a population density of 17.6 per square mile. In the last three decades of the 1900s its population declined by 12.2%. On the 2000 census form, 99.4% of the population reported only one race, with 69.3% of these reporting African-American. The population of this county is 1.1% Hispanic (of any race). The average household size is 2.77 persons compared to an average family size of 3.36 persons.
In 2005 manufacturing was the largest of 20 major sectors. It had an average wage per job of $25,962. Per capita income grew by 21.3% between 1994 and 2004 (adjusted for inflation).
Population (2005) 12,202 Covered Employment 3,044
Growth (%) since 1990 -3.2% Average wage per job $24,035
Households (2000) 4,470 Manufacturing - % all jobs in County 40.3%
Labor Force (persons) (2005) 4,315 Average wage per job $25,962
Unemployment Rate (2005) 13.2 Transportation & Warehousing - % all jobs in County D
Poverty Rate (2003) 26.8 Average wage per job D
H.S. Diploma or More - % of Adults 25+ (2000) 58.4 Finance and Insurance - % all jobs in County 2.4%
Bachelor's Deg. or More - % of Adults 25+ (2000) 10.9 Average wage per job $26,176


Eating food on the street is a huge part of traveling. You get to try some of the best local dishes in an atmosphere totally unique to that area. What's even better is that it's often some of the cheapest food you'll find, which is great for travelers on a budget.


The midterm election onslaught is coming. Bring it on, say several city and township clerks.
While polls don't open until bright and early the morning of Tuesday, Nov. 6, Westland City Clerk Richard LeBlanc and his veteran staff have been in full-on "roll up the sleeves" mode for weeks and months to handle it.
LeBlanc finally has enough precinct workers, trained and ready to go, but he was still looking for anybody with a civic-minded pulse to fill out an election worker form anyway — because one just never knows when extra bodies might be needed, if not this time around, then certainly in 2019 and beyond.
"We're encouraging folks" to sign up to work, said LeBlanc, who is expecting a turnout of close to 50 percent, including an estimated 10,600 absentee voters. "They may be here to pay a water bill or to secure a dog license or the neighbor is building and they've got some questions.
Pre-election business is brisk in Farmington Hills, Milford Township and Northville, too.
"We're planning on a presidential-size election. We usually get 72-75 percent for presidential," said Pam Smith, Farmington Hills city clerk. "I'm not sure it's going to be quite that high, but it's going to be higher than our average governor election.
Smith and members of her staff have been shaking the bushes and hitting every corner of the social media world to bring in additional folks with a hankering to learn electronic poll books, set up machines, verify registered voters, distribute ballots and hand out "I Voted" stickers at the end.
According to Holly Brandt, clerk in Milford Township (which also handles the election for smaller Milford village), the turnout there could eclipse the 50-percent mark. There are about 16,700 residents in Milford Township, including about 6,500 in the village.
In Northville, City Clerk Dianne Massa and her staff are preparing for a 75-percent voter turnout (including AV ballots).
"I am still looking for a few more election workers," Massa wrote in an email.
The Red vs. Blue world of 2018 might be just one of the reasons absentee voter applications are flying out the door and why clerks are making sure they have all the precinct help they can get to deal with the expected onslaught.
"We're in a new era of voting, which is a good thing," Brandt said. "Because people are getting out wanting their voice to be heard. Whereas in previous elections, maybe four, eight, 12 years ago, voters just ... wanted others to make the decision or didn't want to get involved.
But Brandt said there is an inconvenience connected to such a trend.
With more voters doing their civic duty and with a double-sided ballot chock full of controversial ballot proposals (whether to legalize marijuana, etc.) and bitter state and local races to decide, it would be a good idea to do some pre-midterm homework.
Concurring are Smith and LeBlanc about the importance of people being more diligent in their pre-election preparations.
"I think we'll issue close to 13,000 ballots, maybe more," Smith said. "We're trying to encourage that, if you're eligible, vote by absentee ballot this election. And particularly with the straight party being removed, I know there's some people saying there won't be longer times. Some are not.
LeBlanc said there is a lot to chew on in Westland, with several local and school ballot proposals for people to sort out — notably one that would look to approve a $158 million bond proposal to upgrade facilities in the Wayne-Westland Community Schools district. Schoolcraft College and Wayne County Community College also have millage requests on the ballot.
For that reason, many have declined invitations to vote early.
For those not going the early voter route, plan on spending a good chunk of the day at the designated precinct.
There is no doubt the contentious nature of 2018 politics also is having an impact on the business of running and handling such a major election.
"I have some people that have worked for us in the past as election officials, that declined in this election," LeBlanc said. "And I've asked why. I'm not sure it's 20 people, it's a very small handful of people. They are each working for campaigns. They are actively soliciting support for their candidates and cannot do that and still work as an election official. That's interesting to me.
Part of the puzzle that municipal clerks are facing is how to bring in younger workers to offset the inevitable retirement of older men and women who have, in many cases, toiled for decades.
Smith said National Honor Society students at North Farmington and Farmington Harrison high schools have been recruited to help out.
In Westland, 81-year-old Nancy Sivori Ruby — who worked her first election in 1967, when her neighborhood was part of Nankin Township — is still handling precinct duties, but she has brought in her grandson, 19-year-old Erik Prosser, who will work his first election.
But Smith debunked the idea that older workers are deciding against working elections because today's computerized world is much different than it was in previous decades.
"Honestly, when the electronic poll books first came on, I know a lot of the clerks were a little nervous because of the age of our workers at that time and you don't just throw a laptop and a computer at somebody that maybe isn't comfortable with that," Smith said. "I think they really took to that better than we thought they would have and accepted it more.
"A lot of them, we trained them, of course. Some have come to subsequent training just to keep up on it. But a lot of the people that come in, they're not just the students. We do use the students and they're the ones on the laptops, because they're so comfortable with it.
No matter how fast information travels these days, election workers know they're in for a slow, 16-hour slog of a day, perhaps for $150 or so.


text:
Lincoln 'chav church' to preach over barbecues
Pastor Darren Edwards says he grew up without a father and used to deal drugs and beat people up before he discovered religion and decided to start a church in Lincoln.
A pastor is setting up a new church in Lincoln, but it will have bike studies rather than bible studies.
The Ignite Elim church will open in September this year in the Moorlands Community Centre on Moorland Avenue, focusing on fun hobbies and giving ordinary people a place to feel special.
The quirky venture came about after the Pastor Darren Edwards was inspired to do more for people when he spent time in a typical church.
He said: "I suddenly realised I wanted to do more than just sit in church, so I decided to set up my own ministry to help the homeless; we try to treat them like princes.
"After my pastor said I couldn't go back home, I felt God said Lincoln was the place to go. In 2009, I went to Bible College."
Darren's own church will not be like a typical congregation though, inspired by modern times and people's lifestyles.
He said: "I've basically set up what I like to call a 'chav church' and it'll be a little more fun and working class.
"I won't be wearing robes, I'll be wearing a hat. Instead of book studies, I'll be doing barbecues and instead of bible studies, we'll be doing motor bikes."
For funding, Darren Edwards put a lot of his own money into the project.
"I put £2,000 of my own money. I then put £800 of my student finance into an ISA for a few years.
"Also, a woman wrote to me and sent £4,000 out of her funeral fund 'because God told her to' and that she now believed the dead should bury the dead.
"We're going to use all this money to show people that they are special and they're not worthless."
Calling for more council cuts is not representing Lincoln
Police investigate four Lincoln knife-point robberies
TO LET – Hatton, Market Rasen


Please refer to the Washburn Rural High School Student Handbook for questions regarding Attendance Policy.
Except for emergencies, Attendance office staff may not interrupt classes to remove students. Your assistance with limiting instruction interruptions is greatly appreciated. Please give Attendance office staff a minimum one passing period (one hour notice) to alert your student to retrieve their permission slip.
You may leave a voice message for on the Attendance phone line for all types of absences; however, you must speak to directly to a staff member for time-sensitive releases.
All students arriving after 8:00 AM must check in at the Attendance Office. Verification of each student's whereabouts must be provided to the Attendance Office upon their return.
Parents are responsible for alerting the Attendance Office when their student is absent. Unconfirmed absences will be marked unexcused, and consequences assigned, after 24 hours.
Absences greater than three consecutive days require and Extended Absence form (available from the Attendance Office) be submitted prior to the absence.
Pick-up and drop-off must be done at the main (circle drive) entrance.


text:
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Reference

Literatura

Spoljašnje veze

ЕЦ 5.3.2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"We go to a concert to allow ourselves to explore our soul. "
Concert Violinist Christian Tetzlaff's Advice: Live a Musical Life—Without Armor
A young person's guide to the solo stage
by Jacqueline Vanasse,
Images by Giorgia Bertazzi
Violinist Christian Tetzlaff is one of the most inspiring artists of the moment, especially for a new generation of talented young musicians. His name comes up countless times in discussions with other violinists. Almost every young musician I have interviewed has mentioned the 49-year-old German soloist and chamber musician as an inspirational figure. Tetzlaff is special, different.
I had the opportunity to meet him last spring while he was in New York to perform the Beethoven Violin Concerto with the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. We spoke in the lobby of his hotel, and I asked him what he would tell today's young generation of violinists.
Tetzlaff's first advice is to do things that enable you to experience the music, really experience the music, and that is not when you are standing alone in your room practicing. "Of course, it's necessary to practice scales and études and learn your part, but the real music education should happen with playing in orchestra, with sight reading, with trying to form a chamber group, and with reading a lot of music that touches you. It's about being takenby the music and seeing the ultimate goal in experiencing it deep inside."
When Tetzlaff started as a professional, the violin was simply one possibility of making music. He came to music from a different angle than most of the other soloists. "When I was 11 or so, I said to myself that I was going to be a violin soloist, but there was no foundation for that. That was a time when I would maybe practice 40, 45 minutes, sight-read a lot with my brother at the piano, and play youth orchestra," he explains. "This was the time when I started to really be into music—when I discovered this joy of communication."
From ages ten to 20 he played with a youth orchestra. "With the orchestra bringing us young people together in a common interest," he adds, "I learned to love music and its social possibilities."
Some would say that playing in orchestra is counterproductive on the solo violin level. "All I want to say is stay away from what the violin offers easily," he says. "That was always the main preoccupation of the violin schools—Russian or American, for example—to make violin playing easier, to make it perfectly successful and safe, but—from my point of view—utterly uncommunicative."
Not only do you need to have something to say, you also need the desire to communicate. In other words, you have to make yourself completely understood on an emotional level, though sometimes it looks like communication is not part of a musician's concern. For Tetzlaff, it's up to the teachers to believe more in the music than in the violin. A lot of instructors today, he says, are teaching something that is just the first step of the process. "Apart from some ground strokes, the technique for every piece is very different," he says. "You invent the technique for a piece to make it sound like it should. There are not ten different strokes and colors, but 200! You have to try different bow grips and vibrati for different pieces. It's not easy. It's real work, but intensely rewarding. It's a kind of work that pushes you beyond the 'normal' sound limits. There is so much more out there, so many ways. Just as in real life, if you are with a person you love or you hate, there are so many ways of communicating what you mean. There can be so many variations in intonation and beat in every sentence."
Tetzlaff believes that the score—or more precisely what the composer gives you in the score—answers what an interpreter can and should do with a piece of music. Everything is in there. "Just by looking at the score, you will come to very extreme statements about human nature," Tetzlaff says. "This is what we need if we want to make the audience think that this music is really important for them, that this is not just entertainment. We have to make them see what Brahms went through, what Beethoven went through."
However, following the composer's will is not enough, he adds. The composer also needs you, the interpreter. The composer needs your own feelings, so you are not talking about something else, or nothing in particular, but bringing everything you are into the music. It's also so much more fun to be able to read music without boundaries preconceived by somebody else. "Music is an open field. You make your decision—you see what can be done," Tezlaff says. "You don't just hope to be able one day to play the Beethoven Concerto like [Russian violin virtuoso] David Oistrakh did. You have to make things your own."
Tetzlaff advises players not to be afraid of being emotionally vulnerable. The more vulnerable you can be in your real life, the easier it will be to transmit to an audience successfully. "You have to allow yourself to talk about yourself onstage. It's a complex issue," he says. "As a violinist, one might be scared of doing that for several reasons: It will screw up your intonation from time to time if you really get lost in there, and it is also simply difficult to do—especially at age 20—to really show who you are."
If opening up helps in music, it also helps in real life. When you really share, it's better for everybody, and everything becomes more meaningful. "In the long run, it's better to live life without armor," Tetzlaff says. "Armor might save you some pain, but as a musician you become meaningless. Many soloists go onstage invincible and impeccable, but not communicating about the composer and the music's emotion. The look-at-me attitude is the last thing our music should have. One should not go onstage with this idea of being adored. It takes away all the essential qualities of the music."
To set your life in perfect order is not a guarantee of fulfillment or happiness, and neither is a flawless bow stroke. Tetzlaff urges young musicians to be spontaneous and warns against too much practice. "When you practice eight hours a day, you literally drop out of life—you are not there anymore. The self-fulfilling prophecy is that you are great because you practice so much. That is rubbish."
According to Tetzlaff, if you are talented, you will succeed with more thinking and fewer hours of practicing. Also, you might be a bit happier.
Violin playing presents players with simple technical problems and you will find solutions, if not now then later on in your life, when you are more relaxed and receptive. You don't have to learn everything before you are 12. It's really just about time and practicing intelligently.
In the end, true art is not about positioning yourself in the music society as early as possible. "Let things sink into your body and brain and don't stress about that," Tetzlaff says. "We are living in a culture of anxiety and distrust. Concerts provide fantastic moments of communication and pleasure, but the real life is the life you live."
Tetzlaff encourages students to simply sit down and read music: Consume music and develop connections with other players. He encourages sight-reading just for fun.
"To put these pieces of music together in a decent, understandable manner is a naïve and simple way of dealing with music, but at the same time, it makes it very communicative," he says. "To have that playful relation to what you are doing is very important. I don't think Brahms or Beethoven expected us to sit down for a year to perfect the performance of a piece. That is a new phenomenon and it's not always right." Still, the musical-learning experience never ends. Playing music is a game. "It's a beautiful game but with a dead-serious subject," Tetzlaff says. "It's very sad that a concert should be a success for the soloist instead of a feast of communication for everybody, including the audience. We go to a concert to allow ourselves to explore our soul. When that works, it is the best thing that was invented on this planet. It is the best form of communication, of direct communication and belief in each other, of connection between human beings.
"I am not pessimistic for the future. I just wish more and more teachers and colleagues would discover the real joy of the job we have."
Posted by Prof. Sara Michieletto at 7:07 AM
"We go to a concert to allow ourselves to explore ...
Emotion for a change, Sarajevo 24.3.2016 - Press r...
Sarajevo, Emotion for a Change


text:
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace Nest
{
	[JsonObject]
	[JsonConverter(typeof(ReadAsTypeJsonConverter<AlwaysCondition>))]
	public interface IAlwaysCondition : ICondition {}

	public class AlwaysCondition : ConditionBase, IAlwaysCondition
	{
		internal override void WrapInContainer(IConditionContainer container) => container.Always = this;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Douglas' Caitlyn Jones heads the ball near the Galena goal in a regional championship win for the Tigers at Damonte High Saturday.
Gabriela Vega only took one shot Saturday, but she made it count in a big way for the Douglas High girls soccer team.
The senior scored in the 68th minute to break up a scoreless duel and lift the undefeated Tigers to a 1-0 victory against Galena in the Northern Division I Region Tournament finals on a warm autumn afternoon at Damonte Ranch High School in Reno.
Now, Douglas (24-0) is moving on to the NIAA Division I State Championships this coming Friday and Saturday at Heritage Park in Henderson.
The Tigers also gained a measure of revenge after last year's 1-0 loss on the same field against Galena in the region semifinals. Galena went on to win the 2013 region championship.
Galena (16-4-1), coming off a scoreless overtime struggle in the semifinals Thursday night that was ultimately decided in a shootout, took the field against Douglas with a game plan that started with defense. And the primary goal, according to coach Annie Di Loreto, was to slow down the Tigers' Lexi von Schottenstein and McKenna Kynett.
"We needed to slow down No. 4 (von Schottenstein) and No. 1 (Kynett); they're a lethal combination up top," the Galena coach said. "The other was being able to possess the ball and work our way up the field.
The Tigers enjoyed an 11-0 advantage on the shot chart in the first half, however, they were not able to capitalize. The best of those opportunities came in the 28th minute when Kynett had an open look on the right side and struck a grounder, only to see senior defender Saige Huene deflect the ball toward goalkeeper Greer Sullivan, who smothered the ball.
The Tigers finally got their big break when Alissa Holley crossed the ball from the right side to Vega in front of the net. Vega turned and drove her 10-yard shot into the back of the net for a 1-0 lead.
Vega saw her role expanded after fellow senior Emily Lawrence went to the bench after aggravating an injury she sustained Thursday in the Tigers' 4-1 semifinal win against Spanish Springs.
Later on, von Schottenstein had a shot carom off the crossbar. Galena had a couple of shots on goal, the last from the right side was slapped away by senior goalkeeper Corryne Millett to preserve the Tigers 15th shutout of the season.
Dayton was eliminated in the regional semifinals against Elko, losing 25-20, 15-25, 16-25, 22-25.
Shalia Powell had 30 assists, seven digs and two blocks, Cheyanne Strong had 19 kills and five digs, Kaylee Turner had 11 kills and four blocks, Kassie Strong had four kills and four blocks, Makenna Olsen had two kills, Elvia Diaz had 10 digs and Kallie Strong added five digs.


Based in the Lower Kinabatangan Floodplain Rainforest, this orangutan project completely encompasses the awe-inspiring diversity of Borneo's wildlife, earning the title of perhaps our most 'wild' project of all.
This project is located within the WWF's protected 'Corridor of Life', a region of enormous importance in sustaining its wildlife populations. Deforestation has tragically destroyed much of Borneo's rainforests, taking countless animal lives in its wake with the remaining animals being left vulnerable. Today, local communities and volunteers work in tandem to revive the rainforest, planting thousands of trees per year and breathing life back in to the area. In recent times, these efforts have proven to be successful, with visibility of both orangutans and pygmy elephants improving over time, but more must be done to allow these species – and others – to thrive in their endemic homes.
On this project, you will become a guest in the small village of Sukau, living amongst the charming 'Orang Sungai' ('People of the River') and learning their way of life. This rural, indigenous community has a population of only 1000 or so, yet they are always keen to welcome guests. In return for their hospitality, you will assist in educating the locals on the importance of conservation and implementing more sustainable ways of living in a way which will be mutually beneficial to both the people and the animals in the area.
The main focus of this project entails the monitoring of wildlife species along the Kinabatangan river, and as a volunteer you will embark on river-cruises and rainforest treks in search of wild orangutans, pygmy elephants and more. With gibbons, hornbills, and other species frequently spotted in the area, the 'Corridor of Life' is indeed a biodiverse haven, and your time spent volunteering will help to encourage more animals to return here in the years to come.
On this project, you will work with both the local community and the local wildlife.
The principal focus of the project is to work towards the conservation of the orangutans and pygmy elephants in Borneo. By monitoring their numbers and patterns, you will be able to help the project team to understand the successes of their efforts. Cruise along the main river and its tributaries, keeping your eyes peeled for the wildlife species roaming along the river banks, and snapping some great pictures along the way!
As well as observing the wildlife via boat, you will also embark on numerous treks, allowing you to learn more about Sabah's rainforests. Study endemic flora, observe native fauna, and take the time to appreciate the verdure of this spectacular habitat.
The local environment has suffered greatly over the years as a result of logging and deforestation. The area needs to be reforested if there are to be any hopes of wildlife species thriving here, and a major part of your time volunteering will be spent planting trees. The project aims to plant thousands of trees per year, so get involved and help make a difference to the lives of orangutans, elephants and more.
As a volunteer, you will also work with the local community, living alongside them on the riverbank. In exchange for them opening up their homes, you will spend time educating the community, providing them with economic motivation for conservation. Teach them about the value of their local wildlife, encouraging them to take on sustainable ways of living.
As well as educating the local communities, you may also have the opportunity to work with local school children, teaching them about the importance of conservation in their home environment and instilling a more sustainable, conscious mindset – after all, these children are the future of the local community!
During the project, you will witness both wild and rehabilitated orangutans, gaining an understanding of the processes of releasing them back into the wild. Towards the end of your stay, you will pay a visit to the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre, home to captive orangutans who may be in the earlier stages of their rehabilitation, or in need of sanctuary care for the rest of their lives. This visit will emphasise the necessity for projects like this one, leaving a lasting impression on all volunteers.
Please note that itineraries are subject to change, and what follows is simply a rough guideline.
You will arrive at Sandakan International Airport (SDK) and then be transferred to temporary accommodation, where you will have a welcome dinner and introduction. This is a fantastic opportunity for you to get to know you your fellow volunteers, but be sure to rest up as you have a busy day tomorrow!
Enjoy a brief lie-in before heading over to Sukau Village and settling into your accommodation in twin-share rooms in the village B&B. You will also get the chance to meet some of the local villagers and explore the area, and today you will be able to enjoy the sights and sounds of Sukau Village.
This will be the time in which you will engage in a range of volunteer activities, from river-cruise data collection and habitat restoration, to partaking in the village education programme. For more information on the activities you be doing, please click the activities tab.
Today you will depart Sukau and transfer to Sandakan. On the way, you will stop at Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre to view the morning feeding session. After lunch, you will visit the Rainforest Discovery Centre before heading back to Sepilok for the afternoon feeding session. After a busy day, you will check into your accommodation in Sandakan for the night and enjoy a farewell dinner with your group.
This is your final day, which means that it is, unfortunately, time to say goodbye to all of your new friends! You will check out of your accommodation and transfer to Sandakan Airport for your return flight, or to commence your independent travel plans.
Located in Sabah, Borneo, this project is situated in an area of rainforest which has unfortunately undergone a great deal of threat over the years, leaving much of the wildlife here vulnerable: logging activities and the prevalence of palm oil plantations have, in recent times, left countless animals without protection – similarly affected, however, are the tiny communities which call the forests home.
The project has worked hard not only to reforest the vital 'Corridor of Life', but to encourage the local 'Orang Sungai' to live in harmony with their surroundings, speaking with members of the community to educate them on the importance of conservation. This can be observed most clearly in our volunteers' efforts with the youngest members of the community: by visiting local schools and working with the children there, the project aims to instil a sense of responsibility into their young minds, as well as a sense of respect for their surrounding environments. These young children will someday grow to be the guardians of the rainforest, and should we wish for Borneo's threatened wildlife to survive, we must work with the region's inhabitants to make this possible.
The main goal of this project, of course, is to see wildlife species returning to the 'Corridor of Life', and so far, the efforts of the project seem to have had some success. With an aim to plant over 2000 new trees annually, the work here is difficult – but the rewards are inspiring. The project has, in recent times, seen impressive numbers of orangutans and elephants returning to the area, and it is hoped that this continue perseverance shall result in thriving forests for years to come. The project has indeed managed to succeed in their goal of planting such a huge number of trees, with over 2500 saplings being planted in 2017 alone!
Which Orangutan Project Is Right For Me?
Which orangutan project is right for you? With conservation projects this good, it's sometimes hard to pick out the trip that you'll love the most. But worry not - we're here to help!
Palm oil is the most widely used vegetable oil in the world. Little do people know, the cultivation of this product has caused a colossal, detrimental impact upon endangered species, as well as the rate of deforestation, climate change and more! Read up to find out more, and view a list of palm oil free alternatives!
Tomorrow is World Orangutan Day, and as the world prepares to celebrate the iconic great ape on its own important day, The Great Projects have taken the time to put together a list of our top three orangutan rehabilitation stories!
Your time on this project will be spent staying in three different accommodations: a dormitory-style accommodation on your first night at the project (complete with warm showers and western toilets); a local village B&B for the bulk of your time here; and a final night in a comfortable yet basic hotel in Sandakan town. Please note WiFi is not available in the accommodations.
The local village B&B in Sukau is situated right on the riverbank, with a common area overlooking the river itself – a tranquil place to start your day! Rooms here will be shared with other volunteers on a two-per-room basis, and each room has an en-suite with warm showers and western toilets. While this accommodation is basic, it is comfortable, coming complete with linens and bath towels. What's more, you'll be situated right in the middle of Sukau village, offering you ample opportunity to get to know your hosts and learn all about their ways of life!
Additionally, there are laundry facilities available at the project site in Sukau; please note that this costs around RM15 (£2.75/$2) per kilogram.
All meals and beverages are provided and are included in the price of the project, though breakfast is to be prepared by volunteers. Lunch and dinner are prepared by local villagers in their homes, presenting a great opportunity to hear about their daily lives, to chat with the children, and to see how the community has been living for centuries. Those with dietary requirements will be catered for, however, we do kindly request that you let us know of your needs well in advance.
This project requires physical work in order to partake in the restoration efforts, so a moderate level of fitness is advised. The physical work is not overly exerting but is necessary most days. No specific skills are required to volunteer for this project; however, a love of animals, a strong work ethic, and an ability to work in a team are all vital.
It is essential that you check with your GP with regards vaccinations, as this is very much dependent on your medical history. It is also useful to consult the NHS Fit for Travel website in conjunction with your GP's advice. The Great Projects are not qualified to provide medical advice - you must speak to your GP for information well before travelling.
Orangutans are highly susceptible to human diseases and something as minor as the common cold can prove fatal to these Great Apes. Also, an environment of constant change, with new volunteers going to the project every month and being in contact with the orangutans would be very detrimental to the orangutans' well-being. With no consistency in their lives, behavioural problems arise. They also have a tendency to begin to trust humans which can be damaging, should they be released back into the wild, as they will become easy targets for poachers. Finally, an orangutan is around 7 times stronger than an adult male human so a no contact policy is just as crucial for your well-being as orangutan welfare.
That is not to say that as a volunteer you will have no interaction with the orangutans, it simply means that you will have no direct contact with them. You will still observe them when visiting Sepilok and along the river if you are lucky enough to see them. For more information please view our article on hands on contact with orangutans here.
There is no specific 'best' time to join this project, as wildlife is visible all year round. With that in mind, the only differing factor is the weather.
Based on weather, you may prefer to join this project between February and October, as the rainy season hits between November and January. However, over the years, the weather patterns have been changing (both in Malaysia and globally), making this season less clearly defined.
The nearest airport to the project is Sandakan International (SDK), and you must arrive between 7am - 4pm on the project start date, where you will be met at the airport and transferred to the temporary accommodation. This transfer will take between roughly 30-40 minutes, and the cost is included in your project fee.
There is no prior visa required for most nationalities to enter Malaysia as a 90-day tourist visa is granted on arrival. However, please check the Malaysian Immigration website for detailed information. Visas are of the volunteer's own responsibility.
The Malaysian currency is the Ringgit. The conversion rate is approximately 1 MYR to 0.19 GBP, 0.23 EUR, and 0.31 USD. We advise visiting www.xe.com, where you can see live exchange rates.
From the moment I arrived in Sakau to the moment I left Malaysia, I was blown away by the wildlife and the people, just the most perfect time of my life, I will be back! I'll never forget seeing a frazzled mother orangutan with a juvenile and a brand new baby. Also, close to the site we'd just planted 100 trees!!
I Wanted To Stay For Longer!
I couldn't possibly pick just one favourite moment because there were so many! The people, the food and all of the unique opportunities this project has to offer are the things I will never forget.
Great Guides With Huge Knowledge About The Environment!
My favourite moment was when we were on a river cruise and then suddenly saw over 40 pygmy elephants crossing the river!
The whole trip was amazing!
I will always remember actually making a difference by planting new saplings in the rainforest. Also the monitoring of wildlife. So many highlights!
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to take part in a project that I've wanted to do since I was a child. It really was a dream come true and certainly the most rewarding thing I have done.
The animal encounters and observations were superb!
The volunteer work in reforesting the rainforest was very satisfying and the animal encounters and observations were superb as were the opportunities to learn Malaysian culture through home visits with locals in the village. The in-country director and guide was outstanding in his training, directions, teaching, wildlife observations, and general willingness to share all his knowledge of his homeland and the challenges to the wildlife there. He was happy, energetic, dedicated and very capable and organised. Many thanks to Mark for making this a truly great experience.
Renowned for its incredible rainforests and unequalled, natural diversity, Borneo is an enchanting and verdant destination. Due to its amazing collection of native species, Borneo is also at the forefront of the responsible travel and international volunteering revolution. The lush, green vistas and fascinating tribal cultures of this island make it one of the most interesting and visually stunning places to visit in the world. Sabah is one of the main regions of the northern portion of Borneo. Blessed with stunning mountain scenery, exotic rainforests and jaw-dropping beaches, it is hard to find a Malaysian destination with more mysticism and charm. The Corridor of Life, where this project is based, sits squarely in the Lower Kinabatangan Region of Sabah. Spanning 26,000 hectares of gazetted wildlife sanctuaries, the biodiversity found here is unparalleled!
After your project why not join up with The Great Iban Longhouse Experience and extend your stay by seeing some of the most spectacular scenery and wildlife in the world.
After your project why not join up with The Orangutan and Tribes Tour and extend your stay by seeing some of the most spectacular scenery and wildlife in the world.
After your project why not join up with the Mulu National Park Tour and extend your stay by seeing some of the most spectacular scenery in the world.


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Elgin boy, 12, loses battle with cancer
By Matt Arado | Daily Herald Staff
Joel's parents, Lloyd and Faith, along with his sister Grace, 10, and brother Nathan, 14, share a moment of prayer with everyone gathered in front of their home Friday morning in Elgin.
Christopher Hankins | Staff Photographer
Joel Hasken
Vincent Pierri | Staff Photographer
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Published: 2/13/2010 6:46 PM | Updated: 2/13/2010 11:37 PM
Postal workers deliver well wishes to ailing Elgin boy [02/12/2010]
Joel Hasken, a 12-year-old Elgin boy whose love for the mail and letter carriers won the heart of the local postal service, died late Friday, less than two months after being diagnosed with a brain tumor.
Hasken had long been a favorite among Elgin mail carriers. He used to follow local carrier Bruce Beu around as Beu delivered mail in Hasken's neighborhood.
"I can't say when it started, because it seemed like he always did it," said Joel's mother, Faith Hasken. "I had to tell Bruce not to give him the mail, because Joel always tried to take it. When he was old enough to wait on our porch, it was like a wrestling match between him and me to see who would get the mail."
Earlier in the day on Friday, a group of post office workers paid a special visit to their young fan, knowing that he was not doing well physically. Nearly a dozen mail trucks, fire and police vehicles stopped by his house to offer their support.
Elgin Postmaster Susan Meathe delivered the oath of office to Joel, making him an honorary letter carrier. Joel also received a certificate declaring Friday to be "Joel Hasken Day" at the Elgin post office.
Though not healthy enough to interact with the postal workers the way he usually did, Joel did manage to give a few smiles to everyone, Meathe said Saturday.
"It's so heartbreaking that he passed away just a short while later," she said. "I'm glad we were able to do that for him."
Faith Hasken said the gesture meant a lot to her and her husband, Lloyd.
"We didn't get the chance to have the kind of memories we would have liked with Joel," she said. "That gave us a great one."
Joel also loved riding his bike and laughing. Faith said he was a very active and social boy, who always said "good" when someone asked how he was.
Joel, who was autistic, started exhibiting symptoms of the cancer late last year.
Faith said that on Christmas Eve he started limping, and later complained of weakness on his left side.
On Friday, as the postal workers visited him and gave him cards, Faith could tell by that Joel didn't have much time left.
"It was just something I could tell by reading his face," she said.
Funeral arrangements were still being finalized on Saturday. Faith said she expected the wake to take place on Thursday evening at Grace Evangelical Church in Elgin, with the funeral the next morning.
Meathe said the postal service is planning fundraisers for Joel's family and a special procession for the day of his funeral.
"He's one of our own, now," she said.


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Highest Ranking Officer In Freddie Gray Case Opts For Bench Trial
The trial for Lt. Brian Rice, the highest ranking officer charged in Freddie Gray's case, will begin Thursday at 9:30 a.m.
Written By Charise Frazier
On Tuesday, presiding judge Barry G. Williams permitted Lt. Brian Rice's trial to move forward. Opening arguments will begin on Thursday at 9:30 a.m, according to The Baltimore Sun.
Lt. Brian Rice, 42, the highest ranking officer charged in Freddie Gray's death, elected for a bench trial over a jury, continuing the precedent set by two officers before him, Edward Nero and Caesar Goodman. Both Nero and Goodman were acquitted of all charges against them.
During Tuesday's pre-trial hearing, the judge denied a request by the defense to dismiss the indictments against Rice, including manslaughter, reckless endangerment, assault, and misconduct in office. He is currently free on $350,000 bail, The Sun writes.
According to The Washington Post, Judge Williams also said prosecutors committed a discovery violation by requesting to submit 4,000 pages of evidence gathered to show Rice was inadequately trained.
The Post writes:
The judge did criticize prosecutors for waiting until just days before trial to turn over some 4,000 pages of training documents from Rice's time in the Baltimore Police Department. Prosecutors said they requested the documents late and shared them with the defense as soon as they received them. But the judge ordered the documents excluded from the case, saying the late disclosure amounted to a discovery violation.
According to The Baltimore Sun, the prosecution will be allowed to cite the agency's general orders and Rice's police academy training.
Rice was on bike patrol and phoned in backup when Gray, 25, fled police near the Gilmore Homes on April 12, 2015. Prosecutors allege Rice failed to secure Gray's seat belt in the back of the van during his arrest. Gray died a week later after sustaining a fatal neck injury.
SOURCES: The Baltimore Sun, The Washington Post | PHOTO CREDIT: Getty
Freddie Gray: Baltimore Officer Caesar Goodson Found Not Guilty On All Charges
Two More Baltimore Cops File Suit Against Marilyn Mosby In Freddie Gray Case
Baltimore Police Department	, Freddie Gray	, Lt. Brian Rice
More By Charise Frazier
12-Year-Old Missouri Girl Dies After Car Swept Away Into Floodwaters
Social Media Goes Off On Prince William's Highly Questionable Support Of Black Soccer Players After Meghan Markle's Mistreatment
White Supremacist Who Confessed To Brutally Beating Black Teen With Bike Lock Sentenced To 5 Years In Prison


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Ohio State Modern Greek Studies and Its Future
Local Greek American community raises $1 million to endow professorship in Modern Greek
Propelled by support from the local Greek American community in central Ohio, with lead sponsor Evangelos Marinakis, the Modern Greek Program at Ohio State has secured more than $1 million in philanthropic commitments to endow a professorship — ensuring that Greek language and culture will be taught and studied in perpetuity at Ohio State.
Today, the Modern Greek Program at Ohio State stands as one of the strongest and most respected in the nation. This professorship will anchor the Modern Greek Program, ensuring current and future generations will have the opportunity to study and be inspired by modern Greek language and culture. Dedicated to the teaching and research of modern Greek studies the professorship will ensure that Greek language and culture will be taught, in perpetuity, at one of the best universities in the nation.
The Ohio Hellenic Paideia Project
The Fundraising Initiative - Steering Committee, Ways to Give and other Logistics
PDF pledge form
For more information about how to support this fundraising initiative, please contact Katherine Goliver, Senior Director of Development, at goliver.2@osu.edu or 614-688-1834.
You may also contribute online to The Endowed Fund for the Teaching and Study of Modern Greek Language and Culture (by searching for fund #645057).
[pdf] - Some links on this page are to Adobe .pdf files requiring the use of Adobe Reader. If you need them in a more accessible format, please contact classics@osu.edu.


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Four trade trends post COVID-19 and how they will affect growth
Stewart Paterson
COVID-19 is likely to be looked upon as a watershed in the globalization process. The pandemic will act as an accelerant and catalyst for far-reaching changes in the global economy, some of which may have a lasting impact on trade. This article looks at four possible trade trends which could improve the quality and resilience of the world economic system.
The Government-imposed "lock-downs" aimed at preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus have brought the world economy to a sudden stop. This has resulted in a sharp cyclical contraction in dollar value and volume of trade, due to a cyclical collapse in demand (particularly for energy) and to price deflation. The result will be the sharpest and deepest contraction in trade and GDP since at least the 1930s.
The robustness and trajectory of the economic recovery is uncertain. In each of the past three global recessions, the amount of stimulus required to restart the economy has risen, the range of tools necessary to make monetary policy work has expanded, growth post-recovery has looked more anemic, and the growth benefits have seemed less evenly spread.
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to accelerate and catalyze far-reaching changes in the global economy, some of which may have a lasting impact on trade and economic growth. This article looks at four structural trends which might be accelerated by the pandemic, and how they might impact the nature, quantum and speed of the global economic recovery:
1. Decarbonization
The "green agenda" was already gathering momentum. The pandemic has emphasized the impact of humans on nature and how threats to biodiversity and climate make use more vulnerable to diseases. The fiscal stimulus being implemented to restart the global economy should hopefully contain a larger green element that may help accelerate the decarbonization of our economies.
2. Decoupling
Before the pandemic, the asymmetric nature of the trade and investment relationship between China and most of its trading partners and China's policy of "national rejuvenation" drove the acceleration of bilateral trade tensions between China and its partners.
COVID-19 will likely quicken and deepen the bifurcation of global value chains. Dependencies on China will be reduced, global value chains will be shortened, supply redundancy will become more common (and potentially more costly) and we may see more localization of production.
Alex Capri
3. Automation
The de-Sinification of manufacturing, together with the pandemic-induced desire to reduce human interaction will likely accelerate advances in robotics and automation that were already underway. The productivity-enhancing benefits of this shift should be welcomed.
4. Usage of AI, big-data and digital currencies
Technology was broadly used to contain the spread of the virus. This has highlighted both the positive impacts of technology and its risks to individual liberty when misused. The pandemic may well have brought forward the widespread use of Artificial Intelligence and "Big Data". This will include use of digital currencies which have the potential, among other things, to transform payment systems.
De-carbonization may reduce the volume of trade and trade imbalances, but not necessarily at the cost of dynamic efficiency
There has been a concerted move, particularly in Europe, to combine fiscal stimulus with a transition towards a low carbon or carbon-neutral economy. One potential consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, could be a more rapid decarbonization of the economy.
A total decarbonization is highly unlikely but there will be a trend to replace hydrocarbons as energy sources.
The oil price war and global trade
Trade in hydrocarbons and their derivatives currently account for about 12% of global trade.
Trade in hydrocarbons account for about USD1.1 trillion or 6% of the total trade in goods. When you add the trade in hydrocarbon derivatives such as petrochemicals and refined products, the proportion rises to about 12% of global trade.
Total decarbonization is highly unlikely in the next decade., but the trend to replace hydrocarbons in energy will obviously put extreme downward pressure on this segment.
Energy is likely to be produced, on average, closer to market
Energy is likely to be produced, on average, closer to market. The comparative advantage will be determined by technology and the opportunity cost of alternative uses of resources such as land in the case of wind farms or solar farms.
If we ignore the externalities of carbon emissions, the economic cost of decarbonization will come not from the loss of trade per se, but from the higher resource intensity (and hence cost) of alternative energy sources, at least in the initial stages. Cost parity with hydrocarbons is a moving target as the collapse in oil prices this year demonstrates.
Locally produced energy will be far less widely traded internationally
Trade imbalances have contributed to discontent with the WTO system and unsustainable trade. Over the past twenty years, the global trade system has become increasing bifurcated between those countries that run continuous current account surpluses and those that have been running continuous deficits. This has led to accusations of malfeasance and called into question how trade adjustment mechanisms work.
Some of the biggest imbalances in trade have come from trading hydrocarbons and they will likely diminish substantially.
The hydrocarbon rich countries have been among the largest perennial current account surplus countries because the windfall created by hydrocarbon revenues has been recycled through capital accounts rather than spent on imports. The four big hydrocarbon economies of Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait alone have run a cumulative current account surplus of over USD2 trillion in the past decade.
The decline of hydrocarbons in the energy mix is therefore likely to lead to more balanced global trade (meaning fewer examples of outsized surpluses and deficits), the corollary of which is less cross-border investment. Some sovereign wealth funds associated with hydrocarbons could well be depleted and with oil prices at current levels this could happen relatively fast.
While some countries are likely to have a comparative advantage in the supply of alternative or renewable energy, the advantage is likely to be far less significant than with hydrocarbons.
Decoupling and the de-Sinification of global value chains will change trade patterns substantially and improve resilience, but not necessarily result in onshoring
The desire to diversify global manufacturing away from China was already appearing.
Well before COVID-19 and the election of President Donald Trump, China's rise to dominance in global manufacturing, which began in earnest with its accession to the WTO in 2001, was causing concern. The trade war initiated by the US in 2018 heightened tensions in the global trading system. The COVID-19 pandemic and China's diplomatic offensive aimed at promoting its tight handling of the pandemic have further aggravated tensions.
The COVID-19 induced supply chain breakdown has highlighted a lack of resilience
Over the last 20 years, efficiency and therefore short-term profitability considerations have been prioritized over economic robustness and resilience. The pandemic highlighted the degree to which China had gained monopolistic power over particular segments of the supply chain.
Supply chain interdependence can severely limit the scope for independence of action at the national level.
Supply chain interdependence can severely limit the scope for independence of action at the national level. For some countries, of course, this is the whole point of globalization. For others, this means an inability to stand up to an expansionist power, protect their national interest and preserve a cherished value system without incurring large economic costs.
The need to decouple from dependent trade relationships – notably with China – has become an urgent policy driver for most nations.
China's "wolf warrior" diplomacy reveal the depth of dependency risks
China's recent policy mix of military assertiveness, "wolf warrior" diplomacy and targeted medical aid revealed the extent to which it was willing to use its monopolistic power in global value chains for geo-economic goals and to inflict severe economic damage on other economies.
This has back-fired and achieved what many observers thought was impossible – driving world opinion towards, if not entirely in line with, the stance taken by President Trump.
Long-existing aspects of China's political economy such as its Made in China 2025 industrial plan or the use of forced labor have suddenly risen in importance when they were previously over-looked.
The Chinese economy is more vulnerable to a relocation of industry than many think
In 2018, China's manufacturing value-added totaled USD4 trillion or 29% of its GDP. This gave China a 28% share of global manufacturing value-added according to the World Bank, up from a mere 6% global market share at the time of its accession to the WTO. Furthermore, according to the ILO estimates, about 28% of China's total employment is in manufacturing.
COVID-19 complicates US-China relations
About 44% of China's manufacturing is exported and about 13% of total Chinese employment is directly linked to exports. The implications of a de-Sinification of global value chains, even at the margin, are potentially dire.
With USD2.5 trillion of exports and a 30% import content to those exports, the implication is that about 44% of China's manufacturing is exported. This suggests that about 13% of total Chinese employment is directly linked to exports. The implications of a de-Sinification of global supply chains, even at the margin, are potentially dire.
The cost to the US of rolling back economic engagement with China is not high
In contrast, US exports to China are less than 1% of GDP, the share of employment associated with them is even lower, and the profits made by US companies producing and selling within China account for less than 2% of overall US corporate profitability (although they are highly concentrated in a few firms).
Trade war impacts and why a US-China trade deal won't boost the economy
In contrast, US exports to China are less than 1% of GDP, and profits made by US companies in China are less than 2% of overall US corporate profitability.
Evidence from the early stages of the tariff war suggests that about two-thirds of the loss in trade was made up for by a trade diversion away from China to the "second best" producer with little loss of welfare to the US consumer.
The aim is to reduce China's political leverage and improve the robustness of supply chains
Reducing the reliance of supply chains from China will not be cost-free, and it will not happen overnight but the trend appears to be established.
Similar to the carbon centric economic model, the China-centric manufacturing model comes with externalities: namely, the enormous political leverage that China has gained through its ability to implement geo-economic policy that coerces countries to comply with, or at least not oppose, its geo-political agenda.
If an element of de-Sinification improves the robustness of supply chains, the short-term costs may prove worthwhile.
CPTPP becomes a valuable framework if industrial production starts moving away from China
The recently signed Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) provides a legal and operational framework for a China-free trade zone operating within the Pacific. Many of the likely shorter-term winners from a relocation of China-based manufacturing fall within this framework. CPTPP countries have a combined GDP as large as China's and include many countries with substantial manufacturing capabilities.
The re-adjustment and relocation of supply chains takes time, and the logistical issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will make the adjustments more complicated and expensive in the short run.
But with little indication that the risks of manufacturing in China will diminish, nor any expectation that the rewards will increase, the incentives exist to de-couple and the trend will likely accelerate.
The pandemic disrupted global supply chains but were they already morphing?
Advances in robotics and automation will help drive onshoring and improve productivity
Technological advances in transportation have often been associated with exponential growth in trade. Earlier episodes of rapid globalization were associated with canals, the transition from sail to steam shipping and containerization. This time, technological advances in manufacturing – robotics – could be a driver of onshoring.
AI and international trade
Joshua P. Meltzer
One of the key drivers of global trade, perhaps accounting for up to one-third of growth in the past 20 years has been the labor-wage arbitrage. With advances in robotics, the labor cost component of manufacturing is now declining.
One of the key drivers of global trade, perhaps accounting for up to one-third of growth in the past 20 years has been the labor-wage arbitrage. This trend has had a debilitating impact on investment and hence productivity growth in high-cost economies, as off-shoring has been considered a more profitable alternative to productivity-enhancing investment in domestic manufacturing.
The automation of manufacturing processes and advancements in robotics mean that the labor cost component of manufacturing is now declining. For some industries this is well advanced already but as robotics become cheaper, the breadth of application will widen, and the barriers posed to onshoring by high labor costs and standards will be reduced.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has induced a desire to reduce human interaction, will likely accelerate advances in robotics and automation that were already underway.
Digital currencies could make payment systems more efficient but equally result in further pressures on the multilateral system
COVID-19 has led to the wider adoption of technologies. China is trialing a digital central bank currency and other countries have expressed an interest in doing the same.
Efficiency in payments is one driver of this trend. The ability to bypass the SWIFT system and therefore reduce the efficiency of economic sanctions is another.
Whatever the motives, from a trade perspective two things are clear: a proliferation of digital currencies may accelerate the bifurcation of the world and hence could result in reduced multilateral cooperation. It could also significantly reduce dependency on the US dollar in trade transactions.
COVID-19 is likely to be both an accelerant and catalyst for far-reaching changes in the global economy, many of which may have a lasting impact on trade.
Beyond the disastrous cyclical consequences of the pandemic, it might induce long-term changes that in a few years will have improved the quality and resilience of the world economic system.
Some may reduce the volume of trade, such as decarbonization, but not necessarily at the cost of a loss in dynamic efficiency.
Decoupling and the de-Sinification of global value chains may well change trade patterns substantially but not necessarily result in onshoring.
Robotics and automation could result in greater on-shoring but also improve productivity.
Digitalization of central bank fiat currencies could make payment systems more efficient but equally could result in a further pressure on the multilateral system.
Whichever outcomes prevail, COVID-19 is likely to be looked upon as a watershed in the globalization process.
Stewart Paterson is a Research Fellow at the Hinrich Foundation who spent 25 years in capital markets as an equity researcher, strategist and fund manager, working for Credit Suisse, CLSA and most recently, as a Partner and Portfolio Manager of Tiburon Partners LLP.
Hinrich article


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Brookings India Column: India's New Government
Excerpted from http://brookings.in/
Brookings India Fellow Dr. Shamika Ravi, and Mr. R.N. Ravi, former Special Director, Intelligence Bureau of India, address questions on the economic and foreign policy priorities for the new government:
How will Narendra Modi govern? Is he the right person to lead India during this challenging time in its history?
Narendra Modi has won an overwhelming majority in the 2014 general elections of India. So one can say that he is the most popular political leader in India today. The electorate of India has given him a clear mandate to govern – by that token he is the right person for the job. He is riding on enormous aspirations and promises of the population. What he does with this great opportunity remain to be seen.
The data from Gujarat indicate that he will run an efficient government. But one must also appreciate that Gujarat is one state of the Indian union and to extrapolate from there would be simplistic. Maneuvering an entrenched Delhi bureaucracy will be a challenge. Redefining center-state relationship by devolving more powers to state Chief Ministers will be a fundamental structural change that Modi will attempt. His immediate focus will be on selecting a group of ministers and functionaries to run a decisive government and to kick start a stalled economy by giving confidence to domestic and foreign investors.
India's economy has been battling its worst slowdown in a decade, struggling with weak growth and high inflation. However, one of Modi's most notable successes as Chief Minister of Gujarat was his transformation of the state's manufacturing base that contributed to economic growth.
What are the top things that the new government could do to rescue India's economy from its slowest growth rates in a decade?
Growth is an outcome, not a policy tool. The top priority for the new government has to be governance. An efficient and fast moving governance structure is critical to restoring the dwindling investor confidence (both domestic and foreign investors) as well as arresting corruption. The new government, therefore, has to focus on bolstering infrastructure – both physical and financial – which is critical to realizing full growth potential. In the medium run, the government has to address some major structural changes such as: overhauling the restrictive and archaic labor laws, administrative reforms and devolving powers to state governments. Urban planning should be another key area of policy emphasis and implementation. This is, by no means, an exhaustive list of recommendations.
What is fundamental in the long run, however, is investment in health and education in India. These are basic requirements for any developing economy and specifically for a government that aspires to pull a large section of the population out of poverty.
What challenges will Modi face in translating this success to economic growth throughout India?
For growth to benefit all sections of the society/economy, the government has to overwhelmingly emphasize on efficient and fair governance. All sections of the society must have equal access to good governance and faith has to be restored in public institutions. Investments into health, education and infrastructure are critical.
Being areas of policy focus, some of these features of the Indian economy are also the key challenges to realizing the full growth potential:
Poor health and nutritional standards in the population
Low levels of literacy and skill
Low capacity of legal infrastructure – leading to delays and high costs
Poor urban planning making it difficult for cities to accommodate an ever increasing rural-urban migration as well as growing urban population
All pervasive gender inequality
The new Modi government will be confronted with a series of international challenges that will have a direct bearing on its domestic policies and development agenda. What should the foreign policy priorities of the new government be?
Given the overwhelming mandate in the elections, the new government has to seize the opportunity and develop a strategic framework for its foreign policy. For long, India's foreign policy has been largely ad-hoc and episodic, rather than strategic and consistent with long-term national interests. India's foreign policy has to be well defined and compatible with its geostrategic assets and its core strengths. Given the size of the country and its robust plural democratic traditions, India is critical to regional and global peace and prosperity.
India's relation with many of its neighbors is defined by a palpable mutual trust deficit. Overcoming this should be a strategic priority. Within this context, Modi's decision to invite the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) leaders at his swearing-in ceremony is a welcome first step. It reconfirms Modi's position as stated in his election campaign, to build India's relations with its neighbors on the basis of equality and mutual respect.
Peace, stability and growth of robust democracy in the neighborhood are in the interest of India and the region. India's foreign policy towards its neighbors has to be framed distinctly and should be commensurate with it being the geo-strategic and geo-cultural center of gravity of the region.
Despite its existence for 29 years, SAARC as a regional multilateral body is far from achieving its founding vision of economic integration. India should play the lead role in fulfilling this vision.
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The School Finance Office provides support to school districts and legislature on the distribution of school finance formula funding and other funding streams. In addition, we provide support to districts and boards of cooperative educational services (BOCES) by assisting with submission of required financial data, providing reports of financial data and assisting with the implementation of various school finance legislation. The School Finance Office also provides technical guidance and support through pupil counts and transportation funding audits to ensure districts comply with Public School Finance and Public School Transportation rules and law.


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Q: cube folding with tikz I would like to fold 12 cubes to one. Please help me with this.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
%optional libraries
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows,automata,positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{mindmap}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{folding}
\usepackage[grapics,tightpage,active]{preview}
\setlength{\PreviewBorder}{2pt}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\tikz \pic [folding line length=10mm, numbered faces, transform shape]
  {cube folding};
face 1 = {\node {1};},
face 2 = {\node {2};},
face 3 = {\node {3};},
face 4 = {\node {4};},
face 5 = {\node {5};},
face 6 = {\node {6};},
face 7 = {\node {7};},
face 8 = {\node {8};},
face 9 = {\node {9};},
face 10 = {\node {10};},
face 11 = {\node {11};},
face 12 = {\node {12};}
];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

A: There are several syntax problems:

*

*\tikz inside environment tikzpicture. This probably causes the messed up bounding box.

*The pic is finished after {cube folding}, but options follow as ordinary text (invisible because of \nullfont) with \node commands over printing, because they are all called at the same position (outside the folding pic).

*numbered faces or manual faces? The former is used in the simplified example at the end, the latter is used in the following example, it allows further modification of single faces.

*cube (6 faces) or dodecahedron (12 faces)?

Example:
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
%optional libraries
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,arrows,automata,positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{mindmap}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{folding}
\usepackage[grapics,tightpage,active]{preview}
\setlength{\PreviewBorder}{2pt}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \path pic [
    folding line length=10mm,
    transform shape,
    % numbered faces,
    face 1 = {\node {1};},
    face 2 = {\node {2};},
    face 3 = {\node {3};},
    face 4 = {\node {4};},
    face 5 = {\node {5};},
    face 6 = {\node {6};},
    face 7 = {\node {7};},
    face 8 = {\node {8};},
    face 9 = {\node {9};},
    face 10 = {\node {10};},
    face 11 = {\node {11};},
    face 12 = {\node {12};}
  ]
    {dodecahedron folding};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

The example can be simplified to
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{folding}
\usepackage[tightpage,active]{preview}
\setlength{\PreviewBorder}{2pt}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \pic [
      folding line length=10mm,
      transform shape,
      numbered faces,
    ]
    {dodecahedron folding};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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