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Business • Development
Evelyn Kachirekwa elevated to Power Giants helm
Mrs. Evelyn Kachirekwa, Power giants MD
Energy and power development company, Power Giants Southern and East Africa has made a management shake-up which saw former finance director Mrs. Evelyn Kachirekwa being promoted to the helm of the organisation and the appointment of new directors.
As the new Managing Director, Mrs. Kachirekwa will be responsible for steering the company through its transformation phase, penetrating into East Africa and Asian markets. Her appointment and the coming on board of a female Group Finance Director for Africa and International relations effectively means that women now hold the top positions in the entity.
With more than 15 years of experience at the senior management level, Mrs. Kachirekwa is an astute businesswoman who has been the Power Giants Finance Director (FD) responsible for managing the company finances since its formation. She also holds a diploma in Business Studies.
As a co-founder of Power Giants, together with her husband Engineer Edzai Kachirekwa, who is the outgoing company MD, she has a vast knowledge of how to run successful business enterprises after having managed to put the electrical engineering firm on a solid footing in the southern Africa region. During her tenure as a finance director, she managed to successfully execute more than 50 projects. Under her stewardship, Power Giants grew immensely, becoming a force to reckon with in the energy sector in Zimbabwe and beyond borders.
"The appointment of a new Managing Director is meant to continue steering the company on a growth trajectory. The incumbent is widely credited for impressive company performance during her tenure as the finance director. As such, her elevation is a special recognition of her hard work for more than 20 years. This is also in line with Power Giants' ideals where we strive to empower women into strategic positions of influence. We congratulate Mrs. Kachirekwa and we are very proud of her accomplishments. We wish her the best in her new portfolio," said Engineer Kachirekwa, the company's chairman and Regional Operations Director in a congratulatory message.
The new changes which saw the former finance director taking over the reins of the electrical engineering company are expected to boost investor confidence after the energy firm recently signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with two South African companies with vested interests in renewable energy and power generation.
"The organisation will pursue its fundamental goals with a renewed thrust as we strive to leave no one behind in terms of access to power. We are very proud of our achievements as Power Giants and we commend the authorities for providing a conducive environment for private players to complement government efforts in the provision of essential power generation services. During my 5-year tenure at the helm of the company, we endeavour to spearhead the construction of more renewable energy infrastructure in the country to ameliorate acute power shortages and enhance industrial and agricultural productivity," said Mrs. Kachirekwa.
According to the latest Women In The Workplace report from McKinsey (2022), "Companies with better representation of women, especially women of colour, are going further…and those that want to see better results would benefit from following their lead and breaking new ground.
"Compared with men at their level, women leaders do more to support employee wellbeing and foster diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) — work that dramatically improves retention and employee satisfaction but is not formally rewarded in most companies. To make meaningful and sustainable progress toward gender equality, companies should consider focusing on two broad goals: getting more women into leadership and retaining the women leaders they already have and that will require pushing beyond common practices."
Gold Coin Unit Trust promoting financial inclusion, long-term savings


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Subtitles with Proximus TV
Subtitles on your TV screen: now even easier!
Published on 17/05/2017 in Tips & tricks from…
Ideal if you find it hard to understand what's being said.
Do you watch your favourite series and don't understand the Dutch dialog that well?
Well, now it's even easier to activate the subtitles of TV programs. No more messing about with teletext: instead you get automatic subtitles which you only need to set up once.
Available for both Belgian and foreign channels
Simply go to your decoder's menu and call up subtitles. They're available for certain programs on the following channels:
Walloon channels: La Une (HD), La Deux (HD) and La Trois (HD)
Flemish channels: één, vtm, Canvas and Disney Channel
Foreign channels: NPO 1, NPO 2, NPO 3, Arte, TF1 (HD), France 2 (HD), France 3, France 4, France 5, 13ème Rue, TV Breizh, Canal J, SyFy, Voyage, TCM cinéma, Mangas, BBC One, BBC Two, ARD, ZDF and Rai 2.
This is how you set them up:
Activate the subtitles for all channels simultaneously
If subtitles are available for a program, they will be activated automatically in one or more languages, as you choose.
Press the menu button of your remote control and select 'settings' > 'my preferences' > 'spoken language and subtitles'.
Choose the language in which you want the subtitles. Potentially select a second language, in case the subtitles for a certain program are not available in the first language of your choice.
To deactivate the subtitles, select 'deactivated'.
Next, select 'confirm', press 'ok', and then 'tv' and finally, change the channel. The subtitles are activated or deactivated, according to your choice.
By the way, you get subtitles for both live broadcasts and recordings, as well as for programs in TV Replay!
Activate the subtitles for a specific channel
If you activate the subtitles for a specific channel, this choice will be given priority over the choice you may have made for all channels.
When you're watching the program, press 'ok'. In the list that now appears, go to 'subtitles' or 'spoken language and subtitles' and press 'ok'.
If none of those options are available, it means that currently no subtitles are possible for that program.
Select the language of your choice (to activate them on your selected channel only) and press 'ok'. Next, select 'confirm'. Press 'ok' and then 'tv'.
To deactivate the subtitles on this channel only, select 'deactivated', then 'confirm' and press 'ok'.
Proximus TV
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Missionary John Chau was killed last November when he illegally attempted to make contact with an isolated tribe in the North Sentinel Islands. Chau's father, Dr. Patrick Chau, recently told The Guardian that his son's actions were the result of "extreme Christianity" and that he holds the American missionary community responsible for John's death.
John Chau was a good man. He was a loving, passionate individual I was blessed to befriend, and the loss of his light on this earth was devastating. But it cannot be left as a mere tragedy. His death brings to light a multitude of issues with Evangelical views.
The North Sentinel Islands are located 850 miles east of the Indian subcontinent. Because contacting the Sentinelese tribespeople is against the law, Chau concealed his intentions from authorities, claiming that he was a tourist. According to The New York Times, "The people there have resisted contact from outsiders for as long as there are records." They have, in fact, killed others besides Chau. This hostility is likely influenced by the tribe's experiences with British colonialists, one of whom kidnapped several tribespeople in 1880.
Now, there are only 50 to 100 of the Sentinelese people left. One result of the tribe's isolation is that the people are extremely vulnerable to diseases. Chau was aware of that danger and quarantined himself for 11 days before attempting to make contact with the people. He also got 13 immunizations ahead of time, although some say those would have been ineffective.
John Middleton Ramsey, another friend of Chau's, believes Chau did the right thing. Ramsey told The Guardian, "His motivation was love for the [Sentinelese] people. If you believe in heaven and hell then what he did was the most loving thing anyone could do." Ramsey disagrees with the argument that we should listen to people who want to be left alone. His ancestors, whom Ramsey describes as "savages," also thought this way, and Ramsey says he's glad there were those who didn't listen to them.


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Atika School Provides History and Government Notes Simplified for Exams Revision and Comprehensive for Research Activities
Christian Missionaries in East Africa
Christian missions were organized efforts to spread the Christian faith for the purpose of extending religious teaching at home or abroad.
Their coming of Christian missionaries to East Africa and Africa in general was based on a number of motives which were humanitarian, economic, political and social in nature.
The Portuguese were the first to introduce Christianity to the east African coast in the 15th c. this attempt however had little success.
By the 19th century, a number of missionary groups worked in East Africa and these included;
The Church Missionary Society
The Holy Ghost Fathers
The University Missionary Society to Central Africa
The White Fathers
The Methodist Fathers
The Mill Hill Fathers
The London Missionary Society
Reasons for the coming of Christian missionaries in East Africa
The missionaries had the ambition to spread Christianity to the people of East Africa. This would be through preaching and teaching the holy gospel so that many would get converted to Christianity.
They wanted to fight against slave trade in East Africa. Earlier travelers like John Speke and James Grant, H.M. Stanley, Dr. David Livingstone and others had reported about the evils of slave trade in East Africa.
They wanted to check on the spread of Islam in East Africa from the coast with intentions of converting many to Christianity.
Some missionaries came because they had been invited by certain African chiefs, For example, Mutesa I of Buganda wrote a letter through H.M Stanley inviting missionaries to Buganda.
They came to establish legitimate trade in East Africa. They, for instance wanted to trade in items like glass, cloths, etc. as Dr. Livingstone told Cambridge University students, "I go back to Africa to make an open pass for commerce and Christianity….." Similarly, his speech in 1857 emphasized the unity between Christianity and Commerce.
The missionaries also loved to adventure and explore the interior of East Africa. For example Dr. John Ludwig Kraft of CMS is said to have been the first European to see Mt. Kenya while Johann Redman was the first to see Mt. Kilimanjaro.
They had a mission to clear the way for the colonization of East Africa. The missionaries were tasked by their home governments to preach ideas of love, respect, brotherhood, forgiveness, tolerance and non violence so that when the colonialists come, they would meet less resistance from the East Africans.
It's also argued that missionaries wanted to "civilize" East Africans. They argued that they came to stop some of the barbaric acts and customs e.g. Female Genital Mutilation among the Kikuyu in Kenya, human sacrifices and the practice of killing twins.
The information they gave about important places like the source of the Nile, fertile soils, river falls and the climate all attracted the missionaries into East Africa. Early contacts by travelers like Stanley, Speke and Grant, among others encouraged missionaries to come.
The expulsion of some of the missionaries from other parts of Africa led them into East Africa. For example Johann Ludwig Kraft and Johann Redman are said to have been expelled from Ethiopia around 1842 before they chose to relocate to East Africa.
Missionary Activities in East Africa
The pioneer missionaries in East Africa were the Church Missionary Society led by the Germans John Krapt and Johann Rebmann who arrived in East Africa around 1844 and 1846 respectively. Krapt arrived and established a mission station at Rabai.
When they realized they were not making any great impact at the coast, the two moved into the interior visiting the Akamba and Taita. The CMS set up stations in Taita and taveta.
They were the first Europeans to see Mount Kilimanjaro in 1847. Krapt discovered the source of riverTana and was the first European to see Mount Kenya in 1849.
In 1949, Jacob Erhardt, a Germany explorer joined them and became the first European to draw a crude map of east Africa fro then stories he heard from traders.
In 1862, the united Methodist Church led by Thomas Wakefield arrived from Britain and settled at the coast. They established a station at Rabai. They also set up mission stations at Jomvu and Lamu. They were able to convert some people among the Mijikenda.
In 1863, the University Mission Society to Central Africa moved to Zanzibar where a mission was started from Re-union and later to Bagamoyo. Cardinal Lavigerie's formation of the White
Fathers Mission in Algeria (1863) extended to other parts of Africa.
In 1875, Freetown Mission a centre for freed slaves was established. By 1889, about 1400 slaves had settled in Freetown.
In 1877, the Church Missionary Society mission arrived in Buganda while the white fathers arrived in 1879.
In 1891, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland arrived in Kenya and began their work at Kibwezi in Machakos
In 1898, the Church of Scotland Mission arrived at Kikuyu and set up a mission station at Thogoto. Members of the African Inland Church from the United States of America established their station at Nzaui in Machakos. They then spread to Kijabe, Nandi, Kabarnet and Nyakach in Nyanza.
The catholic missionary societies, like the Holy Ghost Fathers and the Consolata Fathers arrived in Zanzibar but later moved to Mombasa in 1890. They advanced interior and founded stations among the Akamba and among the Agikuyu towards the end of the Century.
The Holy Ghost fathers established a station at St Austin's near Nairobi in 1899 while the Consolata fathers from Italy opened a station in Nyeri in 1907 The Mill Hill Fathers reached Kenya from Uganda.
In 1902, the Friends Missions arrived at Kaimosi. By 1914 there were many missionary societies working in western Kenya. For example, the Seventh Day Adventists, the Quakers (Friends Mission) and the Church of God Mission.
The roles of these missionaries varied enormously depending on the colonial context and their relations with the colonial authorities.
Missionaries in Tanganyika
The missionaries here enjoyed the support of the sultan of Zanzibar, Seyyid Said.
At Zanzibar, the Roman Catholic missionaries began to follow the lead of CMS in taking interest in East Africa. The CMS began a freed slave centre at Freetown in 1875 where the freed slaves were taught Christianity and formal education. The slave villages later became Christian outposts. The CMS finally reached Uganda in 1879 where they were later joined by the White Fathers from Tabora and Ujiji.
In 1863, a group of missionaries from the Holy Ghost Fathers arrived from Reunion where they had been working among freed slaves and began their work in Zanzibar. They also began a freed slave settlement at Bagamoyo. By 1885, they had set up five villages that were to act as Christian outposts
Missionary work in Tanganyika was motivated by the reports given by Dr, David Livingstone on the horrors of slave trade.
In 1863, the University Mission Society to Central Africa under Bishop Tozer moved to Zanzibar where a mission was started from Re-union and later to Bagamoyo.
Dr.Livingstone of UMCA also worked I Ujiji in 1871 where he met with Henry Morton Stanley, a journalist who had been sent to look for him.
In 1875, the London Missionary Society set up a mission post around Lake Tanganyika.
Missionaries in Uganda
The pioneer missionaries were the members of the CMS based in Tabora, Tanganyika.
The first protestant missionaries were sent from England in 1876 after a letter that was sent by
Henry Morton Stanley confirming Kabaka Mutesa I's invitation. They came in through Tabora and Usukuma and reached Rubaga, mutesa's capital in 1877 where they set up a church.
In 1879, the Roman Catholic Missionaries and White Fathers followed also from Tabora ad Kibanga.
The Protestants and Catholics were supported by Kabaka Mwanga though he did not want them to work outside the capital and beyond the royal family. This arrangement did not favour Missionary work in Uganda.
Soon there ensued rivalry between the Catholics and protestants. The kabaka had also embraced Muslims and African traditionalists to the level of generating the infamous religious and political conflicts that rocked the kingdom eventually leading to its colonization. Missionary work expanded upto lake Nyasa. For example the Scottish Mission of the Livingstone Mission and the church of Scotland Mission set upstatations around lake Nyasa in 1876.
Activities of Christian missionaries in East Africa
The following were the activities carried out by the Christian missionaries in East Africa.
Missionaries carried out evangelization. They tried to convert and baptize many people into Christianity from their paganism and Islam.
Christian missionaries carried out linguistic research and came up with new developments in language. Dr Kraft for example translated the Bible into Swahili and wrote a Swahili dictionary and grammar hence making it easy for people to understand the Bible more.
The Christian missionaries built many churches in East Africa many of which are still in existence. They for example set up a church at Zanzibar, Rubaga and Rabai missionary station near Mombasa. This enhanced evangelization into the local population.
They carried out exploration work into the discovery of various East African physical features. For example, Kraft was the first European to see Mt. Kenya in 1849 while Rebmann was the first to European see Kilimanjaro in 1848.
Christian missionaries set up stations for free rehabilitation services for example in 1868 the Holy Ghost Fathers set up a home for the free slaves at Zanzibar.
Christian missionaries participated in skill development in East Africa. They for example participated in modernizing Agriculture and carpentry by setting up agricultural institutions and carpentry workshops for training.
Christian missionaries were also influential in establishing educational institutions and training efficient class of African clergy (catechists) who were close and more understandable to the local communities. This helped and enhanced the propagation of faith.
Christian missionaries were at times involved in political processes that were beyond
spiritual jurisdiction. They for example participated in the overthrow of Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda. They also acted as front runners in the colonization process.
Reasons for the success of missionary work in East Africa
The missionaries faced no strong opposition from any religion. Islam was only greatly dominant at the coast.
The evils of slave trade made East Africans welcome missionaries as liberators. Their campaign against slave trade won them much support from different tribes in East Africa.
The support they got from some of the local chiefs and kings led to their success. For instance, the sultan of Zanzibar gave them immense support. Mutesa I of Buganda and Mirambo of Nyamwezi all gave them protection as well as rights to do their work in their territories.
The earlier explores helped to map out potential areas of East Africa for smooth missionary work. For instance, H.M Stanley had identified Buganda as a hospitable community for the missionaries and they were later welcomed by the Kabaka of Buganda in 1877.
The support missionaries got from their home governments led them to success. This was inform of finance and physical manpower for instance colonial governments gave protection to the missionaries whenever they were challenged by local chiefs or other threats. For instance Captain Lugard supported the Protestants in the religious wars in Buganda.
Some missionary groups sought for alliances with African chiefs. Such treaties of friendship made their work easy since the chiefs would call on their subjects to take on the missionary teachings.
The missionaries' efforts to translate the bible into several local languages helped them succeed for example Kraft translated the New Testament of the Bible into Swahili and wrote a Swahili dictionary and a Grammar book.
The missionaries also received the support of African converts in spreading the Gospel. Converts could now teach in their mother tongue and therefore overcame the language barrier.
The industrial revolution had provided such technology like the printing press which made printing of bibles and other academic work easy.
Their efforts in life saving services like medical care (Quinine) won them great admiration among the people of East Africa that few were ready to oppose them. The discovery of quinine also facilitated their work as it cured tropical diseases.
The missionaries' practical skills enabled them to survive even when their supplies from home delayed. They for instance adopted agriculture as soon as they settled anywhere. This ensured steady supply of food.
The building of the Kenya Uganda railway greatly encouraged missionary work in the interior. The missionaries could now travel between the coast and the interior.
Political stability in East Africa favoured missionary work because missionaries could settle.
The emergence of the African independent church movement boosted the spread of Christianity. African initiatives to Africanize Christianity encouraged its growth in East Africa..
The death of Dr. David Livingstone in 1873 and other earlier missionaries increased the determination by many groups to see missionary work succeed in Africa, and East Africa in particular. E.g. the London news paper wrote after his death, "the work for Africa must hence forth begin in earnest where Livingstone left it off."
Establishment of resettlement centers for freed slaves e.g. at Bagamoyo and Frere town near Mombasa where skills like carpentry, and agriculture were taught. Such communities thus looked at missionary work as "a life- saving mission"
Problems faced by missionaries in East Africa
Christian missionaries in East Africa were faced with various problems which clipped their activities at times. These include:
They faced the problem of language barrier. This was because East Africa had a multiplicity of languages hence rendering communication between the missionaries and the local people very difficult.
There was a problem of the influence of Islam. Arabs being the first group of people to arrive at the coast and interior had deep rooted Islam into the people thus making it difficult for the people to easily adopt Christianity. For example, by the time Sir Edward Frere arrived in East Africa (1873) Rebmann had only 6 converts.
Existence of tropical diseases was yet another problem faced by the Christian missionaries. Tropical diseases like malaria, small pox, claimed many missionary lives thus making progress in their activities very difficult since they could be left very few in numbers.
Another hardship was caused by geographical barriers. These included hilly areas, rivers, lakes and forests. These hindered their free movement to various places thus a threat to their activities.
Divisions and quarrels between various missionary groups for example Catholics versus Protestants was a hindrance to their activities. This could create divisions and biases among the believers thus weakening their capacity to convert more converts.
Poor transport was a hindrance to the missionary activities in East Africa. This was due to undeveloped roads at the time to help in the movement of missionaries from one place to another.
Presence of hostile tribes in East Africa was also a problem that faced Christian missionaries. The Nandi and Maasai who believed that strangers were not supposed to pass via their land could attack and kill many missionaries thereby reducing their numbers compared to the increasing number of converts.
The presence of wild animals was also a threat to the missionary activities in East Africa. Man enters in Tsavo National Park consumed and threatened many whites. This clipped their activities at times.
The missionaries faced the problem of lack of supplies. They for example lacked enough money, accommodation and drugs. This was because they originated from very far (Europe) thus making it difficult for them to have full time and constant supplies. Such put their lives at risk and could sometimes lead to death.
The Christian missionaries faced the problem of stiff contradiction and rivals between European missionaries and traditional Africans. Customs like polygamy, satanic worship, etc. were deep rooted into African communities which proved a threat for the missionaries to successfully uproot them.
The missionaries made their work difficult by involving in politics and judicial systems which were beyond spiritual jurisdiction. Local leaders could misinterpret them as political rivals and organize their masses for resistance against missionary activities.
Effects of missionaries in East Africa
They spread Christianity and baptized many converts. Catechists were also trained who helped in the spread of Christianity for example, in Kenya by 1911 many people had been converted and many cathedrals and churches were built like the Kikuyu churches (Charismatic Arathi or spirit churches.)
African religious beliefs, culture and traditions were despised and demoralized for example the birth and murder of twins, human sacrifice.
They established hospitals and clinics which offered modern medicine plus research in tropical diseases like malaria, small pox, yellow fever and sleeping sickness which had claimed many lives. For example, the Mission Hospitals at Rabai, Thogoto, Kaimosi e.t.c. Dr Albert Cook built Mengo hospital.
They introduced the European system of management and styles of dress and architecture which have been adopted by many people in East Africa today.
They put to an end the inter-tribal or inter-village wars and established a stable and peaceful society under one faithful leader (centralization).
They studied African languages and translated the Bible into various languages. For example Kraft translated the New Testament of the Bible into Swahili, Bishop Edward Steere based in Zanzibar learnt and studied Swahili and translated books from English to Swahili, published the New Testament and the entire Bible in 1891.
They established printing presses like Marianum press and published newspapers.
They opened up primary and secondary schools as well as training collages for teachers and trade schools for craftsmen e.g. Alliance High School, Kisubi Vocational School. In the technical schools, carpentry and brick laying skills were obtained.
A new class of elite emerged. Africans educated mainly in English and French emerged, these later served as doctors, lawyers, clerks, teachers, catechists, agriculturalists and priests who played a great role of spreading Christianity. For example, in 1890, Africans were ordained as priests of the University Mission to Central Africa in Tanganyika.
They paved way for the improvement of agriculture through establishing experimental farms and plantations where new crops, better methods of farming and equipment were introduced for example cotton was introduced by Kenneth Boroup in 1903 and Africans were taught how to use a plough and how to grow coffee.
Missionaries improved communication and transport which in turn led to the opening up of the hinterland of Africa. The building of strong boats and ships gave Europeans courage to travel far from home.
Missionaries destroyed local industries like craft industry e.g. blacksmiths, pottery work were all destroyed and replaced with European products e.g. manufactured items like cups, saucepans, etc.
They contributed to the rise of nationalism. This was made possible through education where the African elite emerged and started demanding for independence e.g. Tom Mboya, Obote, Nyerere, and Kenyatta.
They fought slave trade which was later abolished and equality and liberty for all was encouraged in East Africa.
Mission stations were developed in towns like Rabai missionary station near Mombasa.
Role of Christian missionaries in the colonization of East Africa
Missionaries signed treaties which were later used by colonialists to take over colonies e.g. Tucker, a British Missionary interpreted the 1900 Buganda Agreement to the regents of Kabaka Daudi Chwa II. This led to loss of political, economic and social powers to the British protectorate government. Sir Harry John stone who signed on behalf of the British government confessed that;
Missionaries supplied information to the colonialists which they utilized to plan how to effectively impose their colonial rule on how to crash the African resistance. In the religious wars in Buganda, the British fought behind the Protestants.
In fact there was a reciprocal relationship between missionaries and the colonialists that is why missionaries laid the ground work before the partitioners offered missionaries protection for the success of their evangelization mission.
The Church missionary society managed to raise enough funds for Imperial British East African Company for its staying in Uganda for at least 2 or more years. The church missionary society and Captain Lugard viewed that the company's withdraw would live the British and the protestant party in a dangerous position versus Moslems.
Missionaries enhanced the growth of tropical raw materials like coffee, cotton to satisfy the British industrialists urge but disguising everything in Christianity. Bishop K. Boroup for example introduced cotton in Uganda.
They appealed to their home governments for protection in case of attack. It is in this light that Britain came to Uganda during the religious wars of 1884-1892 and later occupied Uganda.
They created a collaborating class by luring it religiously and materially. This class helped colonialists to fight resistors despite the fact that they were all Africans.
In their evangelization role, they brain washed Africans with biblical teachings as "love your neighbor as you love yourself", "blessed are the humble for the kingdom of God is theirs", etc. With these preaching's they made potential resistance important.
Religion was a mechanism of divide and rule. The converts and the non-converts hated each other which caused division to the advantage of the Europeans.
Collaboration with chattered companies, European Christian missionaries and their converts worked hand in hand with the Imperial British East African Company to defeat Kabalega's resistance.
Missionary stations served as military bases from where the European colonial forces launched attacks on the resisting Africans. African Lugard used old Kampala hill as a military base against Kabalega.
Mission stations served as colonial government headquarters. The established mission infrastructure was used to help in the establishment and sustenance of European colonial rule.
Colonialists lacked skilled manpower, so the missionaries by design or accident were very faithful servants of the colonial government i.e. they were Colonial government servants.
They created a peaceful atmosphere for the germination of colonialism in areas of hostility. This is because they emphasized the centralized leadership where peace and obedience were expected.
Missionaries also trained manpower through introduction of education which was used by colonialists. This was done through teaching those academic subjects and manual skills like use of a plough and how to grow coffee.
They acted as interpreters e.g. Tucker in the 1900 Buganda agreement.
Through conversion of the Buganda chiefs and pages before Buganda commoners it meant that each party i.e. the Church Missionary Society and France had gained converts. This was a political security of sympathy to the Christian missionaries as against the Kabaka in Buganda's leadership. This indirectly undermined the Kabaka's authority and respect i.e. his traditional power base was being eroded.
winnie amondi
factors that challenged Johann Ludwig Kraft on arrival to mombasa
MAURICE ATIKA NYAMOTI link
1) His wife and young daughter suffered and died from malaria
2) Learning of new Languages such as Mijikenda and Swahili
3) Translating the Bible into local languages
4) The natives were reported as law-less, cruel, and violent
https://archive.org/stream/johnludwigkrapfe00kretiala/johnludwigkrapfe00kretiala_djvu.txt
Mussa Masanja Magwesela
Thanks for providing this very rich information. Please, cross check this clause if the date mentioned is right or not. "In 1949, Jacob Erhardt, a Germany explorer" . Is it 1949 or 1849?
Honour Irek
It is 1849 because he entered Africa in the 19th century not 20th century.
1949 is part of the 20th century.
Your have my homework much easier thank you so much and keep up the good work
Chapter-10-development-of-transport-and-communication
Chapter 13 Social
Chapter-14-constitutions-and-constitution-making
CHAPTER 17: ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA.
CHAPTER 18: COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER 20: Political Developments And Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1919-1963)
CHAPTER 21: Rise Of African Nationalism
CHAPTER 22: EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF NATIONALISM IN AFRICA
CHAPTER 23: The Formation
Chapter 25: International Relations
Chapter 26: Co-Operation In Africa
Chapter 27: National Philosophies (Kenya)
Chapter 28: Social
Colonial Period In Kenya
Constitutions-and-constitution-making
Contacts Between East Africa And The Outside World Up To The 19th Century
Course-of-the-cold-war
Dev. Of Early Agriculture
Economic-and-political-organization-of-african-societies-in-the-19th-century
Electoral Processes
European Invasion And The Process Of Colonization Of Africa
Formation-of-government
Functions Of Governments
HISTORY FORM 1 TOPICS
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
LIVES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF KENYAN LEADERS
Local Authorities In Kenya
MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN KENYA SINCE 1991
ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY (OAU)
Pre-Colonial East Africa
PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN KENYA
THE COMMON MARKETS FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY
The Electoral Process
THE JUDICIARY.
THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESSES (1900-1945)
THE PEOPLES OF KENYA UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY
THE SECOND WORLD WAR
KCSE PAST PAPERS BY SUBJECT 1989 - LAST YEAR
Photos used under Creative Commons from Arian Zwegers, hobnob_malevolence, #Rwandaphotos, Defence Images, efile989, sturmkraeh1974, icannphotos, Rod Waddington, MONUSCO, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Marion Doss, RobertWitcher, Vito Manzari, Contando Estrelas, D-Stanley, EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid, hansbirger, Contando Estrelas, Richard Szwejkowski, Pure_nutter, dubdem sound system, Insights Unspoken, GerryT, Elsie esq., Ledge Biscuit, beckstei, andryn2006, Trocaire, eamoncurry123, Blackbird Film Co., EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid, BLMOregon, Michael Seeley, Tony Webster, Abode of Chaos, landrovermena, Son of Groucho


Coming into my role as Head of Design Ops from a prior career in design consulting building out similar types of practice areas (think Program Management / Project Management / Production) I had some pretty definitive notions that I could basically apply everything I had learned as a client partner to the work I would be doing on the inside. As a consultant I remember constantly thinking "Why is this so hard? What am I not doing to help them understand? Why does our work never see the light of day?" I always chalked it up to the fact that even though a client had hired a big guns design consultancy, they weren't actually ready for what we recommended they needed to do to make it happen.
It wasn't until a few years ago that I realized it's so easy to come in and tell someone what's wrong and what they should do to fix it, but the real work starts when the people with the blueprints actually have to make it happen. This is when I began to understand the emotional complexities behind the work that is change management and what it really means to shift not just ways of working, but organizational behavior. That making change in an organization requires more than a single vision, or a few workshops, it takes careful orchestration throughout the organization to become a part of the working fabric of day-to-day operations.
In my first few months at Automattic I did a listening tour to start to understand our designers and our design organization. At the same time I began to build relationships across the company with a handful of the engineers. My idealistic mind thought – if I could just bring them all together, that's when the magic will happen. And then… as I began to uncover a bit of resistance I was forced to reckon with the fact that design and development didn't necessarily collaborate based on a the cultural legacy of Automattic being an engineering driven organization. This is not uncommon, but for me, the sheltered NYC design studio ideologue, I had hit my first blocker. During all my years at frog and the like I had only seen through my own orchestration the beautiful music that a cross functional team could make together. Not without hiccups mind you, but always with a shared understanding that we could get through it together. This comfort in ambiguity was the fabric of what made up all of our project work and created a sense of responsibility for each subject matter expert on the team to really bring it.
During this time I was fortunate enough to meet Joan Shigekawa who wisely suggested said to me that perhaps I should spend some time researching and reading about the science of an engineering mind, to try to understand better. I have never been so interested in Behavioral Neuroscience. As I started to read the book Behave by Robert Morris Sapolsky much of what I read validated how I have been trained to respond as a Design Thinker which is to never assume there is one right way, that we as humans must always think in an interdisciplinary way in order to most effectively relate to and understand other humans.
Now six months in I can reflect on my "Discovery" phase of the work done to date and see that some of it still holds true, and some of it doesn't. I have begun to understand a bit better the people that make up Automattic as a whole and what it will take to earn their trust. I have made a few significant missteps along the way but not without invaluable lessons learned which I believe will allow me to better align my vision with an execution strategy that while not perfect (Design Ops as MVP!), will be better suited, custom-made, and allow for a true model of growth and sustainability for Automattic Design.


text:
/*
 * $Id$
 */

/*

 Copyright (c) 2000-2015 Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Jr. University,
 all rights reserved.

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 STANFORD UNIVERSITY BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
 IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 Except as contained in this notice, the name of Stanford University shall not
 be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
 in this Software without prior written authorization from Stanford University.

 */

package dk.dkdemopln;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.lockss.util.*;
import org.lockss.daemon.*;
import org.lockss.extractor.*;
import org.lockss.plugin.CachedUrl;
import org.lockss.plugin.clockss.SourceXmlMetadataExtractorFactory;
import org.lockss.plugin.clockss.SourceXmlSchemaHelper;

public class DkDemoSourceXmlMetadataExtractorFactory extends SourceXmlMetadataExtractorFactory {

  private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DkDemoSourceXmlMetadataExtractorFactory.class);

  private static SourceXmlSchemaHelper DkDemoHelper = null;

  @Override
  public FileMetadataExtractor createFileMetadataExtractor(MetadataTarget target,
      String contentType)
          throws PluginException {
    return new DkDemoSourceXmlMetadataExtractor();
  }

  public class DkDemoSourceXmlMetadataExtractor extends SourceXmlMetadataExtractor {

    @Override
    protected SourceXmlSchemaHelper setUpSchema(CachedUrl cu) {
      // Once you have it, just keep returning the same one. It won't change.
      if (DkDemoHelper == null) {
        DkDemoHelper = new DkDemoXmlSchemaHelper();
      }
      return DkDemoHelper;
    }

    @Override
    protected List<String> getFilenamesAssociatedWithRecord(SourceXmlSchemaHelper helper, CachedUrl cu,
        ArticleMetadata oneAM) {

      // filename is just the same as the .mods.xml filename but with .pdf
      // instead of .mods.xml
      String url_string = cu.getUrl();
      String pdfName = url_string.substring(0,url_string.length() - 8) + "pdf";
      log.debug3("pdfName is " + pdfName);
      List<String> returnList = new ArrayList<String>();
      returnList.add(pdfName);
      return returnList;
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
April 17, 2020 MEMRI Daily Brief No. 214
Pasdaran Preppers: While Iran Faces A Pandemic, IRGC Girds Itself For War
April 17, 2020 | By Alberto M. Fernandez
Iran | MEMRI Daily Brief No. 214
Iran has been hard hit by the coronavirus. By mid April 2020, the official statistics showed over 75,000 cases and almost 5,000 deaths. Regime critics and media outlets surmised that the real number of infected and the death toll is much higher. One estimate is that the number of dead is at least four times the declared official numbers.[1] Many of the pandemic outbreaks in neighboring countries can be traced back to Iran; indeed, one of the characteristics of the virus's proliferation in the Islamic Republic was how it initially spread through the regime's elite from an original epicenter in the holy city of Qom.
Much of the discourse on Iran in the past few months has been on the Trump administration's pressure campaign, on the sanctions (or the supposed need for sanctions relief), and on the coronavirus epidemic raging inside the country. Some in the Western media look at the stances of Western governments in the past few months and contrast them to what the press thinks should be done in responding to the pandemic. It is worth placing Tehran under a similar microscope and looking at the priorities of the Iranian regime in the past few months while thousands died.
That the regime in Iran has covered up the spread and nature of the pandemic has been well documented.[2] Less attention has been given to the timeline of Iranian actions in the region as the virus spread at home. Undeterred for a moment by the health crisis, Iran has been active in trying to prevent its hard-won regional empire from unraveling.
Iran didn't postpone its parliamentary elections on February 21 as the pandemic spread.[3] Nor did the outbreak delay its subversion and war in Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon. A crisis brought about by a new aggressive virus overlapped with aggressive new Iranian actions in the region implemented by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
In some cases, this activity has involved political action, such as in Lebanon and Iraq where the Tehran regime has tried to ensure governments in place (in January 2020 in Lebanon and April 2020 in Iraq) that are at least sympathetic if not servile to Iranian interests. They have succeeded in Lebanon by replacing pro-Hizbullah politicians by an even more slavishly pro-Hizbullah crowd. It is too early to tell how subservient the Iraqi government currently being formed by Prime Minister-designate Mustafa Al-Kadhimi could be. Iran's interest in hobbling hardy popular demonstrations in both countries has been helped immeasurably by lockdown methods used to combat the Covid19 virus.
Given that Iran is widely seen, through inaction and deception, as having spread the virus in the region, some of the regime's acts have been to try to burnish the virus-fighting credentials of its key forces, such as the IRGC, the Iraqi militias it controls, and Hizbullah. This has led to a burst of propaganda media production featuring these death squads performing health-related activities. Iran has also created and aggressively disseminated disinformation campaigns blaming the U.S. and Israel for the pandemic.[4]
But while some of Iran's actions in the past months have focused on politics and propaganda, other activities have been more deadly. In Iraq, the liquidation of terror masters Qassem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis by an American drone strike initially sparked competition between rival pro-Iranian militias over who would be more anti-American and could do more to force U.S. forces out of the country. Several rocket strikes against Coalition Forces located on Iraqi bases culminated in a March 11 strike on Taji base which killed three service members, two Americans and one British. The Americans retaliated the following day inside Iraq, while another strike seemed to hit Iraqi militias based in Syria.[5] Since then, the tempo of Iranian-controlled militia provocations has measurably decreased.
Meanwhile in Syria, Iran, working with Russia and the Assad regime, pressed a brutal offensive in Idlib that began in December 2019 and peaked in February 2020. A million Syrians, many of them women and children, were displaced by the offensive, which showed no sign of slowing down. The elimination of the Idlib pocket, with both its Syrian rebel and terrorist forces and its more than two million civilians, many displaced by regime offensives elsewhere in Syria, seemed at hand.[6] Hundreds of Iranian-controlled fighters from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Lebanon participated in the offensive, portrayed by key regime advisor Ali Akbar Velayati as part of a final push to finish with anti-Assad forces everywhere, whether rebels in Idlib or Americans and their allies in Northeast Syria.[7]
On February 27 – the same day that media reported that Iranian Vice President Masoumeh Ebtekar was stricken with COVID19 – Russian/Assad forces killed more than 30 Turkish soldiers in an airstrike. The Turkish response was massive and militarily effective, with significant casualties among Assad forces, including many killed among the Iranian-controlled Fatemiyoun and Zeinabiyoun militias.[8] Hizbullah fighters and even Iranians were also among the dead. Had it not been for the lethal effectiveness of the Turkish response in March 2020, there is little doubt that the Idlib offensive would have continued just as Iran was being battered by the coronavirus.
Iran's military and terrorist actions in Iraq and Idlib in early 2020 were aimed at shoring up its presence and proxies in both countries (and driving enemies, including the Americans, out). In Lebanon, as the coronavirus raged throughout the region, Iran and Hizbullah focused on the war that was to come by upgrading Hizbullah's offensive arsenal through upgraded precision-guided munitions (PGMs).[9] This single-minded focus on upgrading Iran's offensive capacity against Israel in order to overwhelm IDF air defense could well see the region descend into a dangerous "Missiles of Coronavirus" crisis at any time.
Upgrading Hizbullah missile technology is happening at exactly the same time that Lebanon – because of its dire economic crisis – and Iran – because of the coronavirus – are demanding economic assistance from the West. What an irony that, as Lebanon collapses into poverty and economic depression and Iran continues to battle waves of the pandemic, there is time and money enough to plant the seeds of future death and destruction.[10] The strategy seems to be that Hizbullah and the IRGC, parasites feeding on their nation-state hosts, intend to pursue the regime's hegemonistic agenda while continuing to wage and plan for war no matter the health crisis raging around them.
*Alberto M. Fernandez is President of Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN). The views expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official views of MBN or the U.S. government.
[1] Radiofarda.com/a/iran-s-coronavirus-coverup-figures-decisions/30538662.html, April 7, 2020.
[2] Carnegieendowment.org/2020/03/25/iran-s-coronavirus-disaster-pub-81367, March 25, 2020.
[3] Newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/how-iran-became-a-new-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-outbreak, February 28, 2020.
[4] Forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2020/04/15/iran-linked-group-caught-spreading-covid-19-disinformation-on-facebook-and-instagram/#1088b4581f21, April 15, 2020.
[5] Rferl.org/a/iran-backed-fighters-killed-in-syria-air-strikes-after-iraq-base-attack/30483752.html, March 12, 2020.
[6] Washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/idlib-may-become-the-next-gaza-strip, March 26, 2020.
[7] Al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/02/iran-battlefield-idlib-syria-soleimani.html,
[8] Arabnews.pk/node/1637736/pakistan, February 5, 2020.
[9] Aijac.org.au/fresh-air/dr-jonathan-schanzer-to-aijac-webinar-2020-the-year-of-irans-precision-guided-missile, April 3, 2020.
[10] Aawsat.com/english/home/article/2233951/imf-projects-lebanons-economy-will-shrink-12-2020, April 14, 2020.


text:
Art Detective Tracks Down Oscar Wilde's Stolen Friendship Ring
Authorities previously believed the ring, taken from Oxford in 2002, was melted down by an individual unaware of its true significance
Jason Daley
A golden ring once given as a present by the famed Irish writer Oscar Wilde has been recovered by a Dutch "art detective" nearly 20 years after it was stolen from Britain's Oxford University.
A Dutch art detective has recovered an 18-karat gold ring gifted to a friend by Irish author Oscar Wilde 17 years after it was stolen from Oxford University's Magdalen College.
As Agence France-Presse reports, Wilde and a friend named Reginald Harding presented the belt buckle-shaped ring to William Ward in 1876, when all three were studying at Oxford. A Greek inscription on the outer band translates to "Gift of love, to one who wishes love," while a set of initials engraved on the inside of the ring hints at the trio's identities: "OFOFWW"—short for the literary icon's full name, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde—"+ RRH to WWW."
Eamonn Andrews, a former cleaner and handyman at Magdalen College, stole the ring during a poorly executed May 2002 heist. According to the Oxford Mail, Andrews broke into the building via a skylight, then shifted his attention to the school's Old Library, which houses an extensive collection of Wilde memorabilia. He fled with the ring—then valued at £35,000, or roughly $70,000 USD today—and three unrelated medals (a 1910 Henley Royal Regatta Grand Challenge Cup medal and silver and bronze medals dating to 1932) in tow.
DNA evidence found at the scene helped authorities trace the theft to Andrews, but they were too late to recover the trove of stolen objects; the burglar had already sold the gold ring to a scrap dealer for the paltry sum of £150, or around $300 USD today. As Mark Blandford-Baker of Magdalen College tells Reuters, authorities "thought it had probably been melted down by someone who did not realize its significance."
The trail went cold until 2015, when Arthur Brand, dubbed the "Indiana Jones of the Art World" for his successful track record of solving high-profile art crimes (most recently, he tracked down a $28 million Picasso painting stolen from a yacht in 1999), heard rumors of an unusual Victorian ring's appearance in London's underground black market.
"I knew that Oscar Wilde's ring was stolen from Magdalen College at Oxford and that it had a Greek inscription on it," the self-described art detective tells AFP. "It could have only been the same ring."
A set of initials engraved on the inside of the ring refers to the three friend's names.
Per artnet News' Brian Boucher, Brand suspects the ring's re-emergence was tied to the Hatton Garden case, a brazen 2015 heist prosecutors called the "largest burglary in English history." (During the robbery, a group of elderly thieves absconded with the contents of 73 safe deposit boxes; to date, authorities have only recovered a portion of the more than $20 million trove.)
As Brand explains to Boucher, rumors of the ring's reappearance began circulating soon after the Hatton Garden heist.
"Of course no one is going to report those things to the police," he says. "So we sent someone out there to investigate the aftermath of the heist, and that's how we got to the person who bought the ring."
The new owner "nearly had a heart attack when they realized it was Oscar Wilde's ring," Brand tells the Telegraph's Brendan McFadden, and readily relinquished it into the art detective's custody. According to AFP, the ring will be returned to Magdalen College in a small December 4 ceremony.
As the History Blog reports, Wilde, Harding and Ward were close friends during their time at Oxford, nicknaming each other "Hosky," "Kitten" and "Bouncer," respectively. Ward, a year older than Wilde, took the younger student under his wing and introduced him to his circle of friends. But in November 1876, Ward, unhappy with the scores he'd received on the term's final exams, decided to leave the college and travel to Italy. Wilde and Harding presented him with the belt buckle ring—a traditional symbol of love or friendship—upon his departure.
Jason Daley | | READ MORE
Jason Daley is a Madison, Wisconsin-based writer specializing in natural history, science, travel, and the environment. His work has appeared in Discover, Popular Science, Outside, Men's Journal, and other magazines.
Art Art Crimes British Writers Cool Finds Crime Literature Writers


text:
National Institutes of HealthSexual & Gender Minority Research Office National Institutes of HealthSexual & Gender Minority Research Office National Institutes of Health Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office National Institutes of Health Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office National Institutes of Health Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office National Institutes of Health Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office National Institutes of Health Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office
Sexual and Gender Minority Research Office (SGMRO)
About SGMRO
SGMRO Staff
NIH SGM Research Strategic Plan
SGM Research Coordinating Committee
SGM Research Working Group
SGM Scientific Interest Group
SGM Research Symposium
Scientific Webinar Series
DSD/Intersex Webinar
Listening Session
Bisexual Health Workshop
NIH SGM Research Investigator Awards Program
Pride at NIH
Women's Health Seminar Series
Researcher Spotlight
SGM Administrative Supplements Program
SGM Methods & Measurement
Examples of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) Questions
Webinar #3: Imaiyạchi: Transcending Historical Trauma and Living Ancestral Visions Imagined for Us - A Lecture on AI/AN Two-Spirit/SGM Health Research
Speaker: Karina L. Walters, MSW, PhD (Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma) - Professor and Katherine Chambers Hall University Scholar Co-Director, Indigenous Wellness Research Institute University of Washington, School of Social Work
December 17, 2020 – 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern – Via Webex
Abstract: American Indian community discourse suggests that historical trauma can potentially become embodied in risk behaviors and that these factors may play a significant role in present-day health inequities. Historical trauma, which consists of traumatic events targeting a community that cause catastrophic upheaval, has been posited by Native communities to have pernicious intergenerational effects through a myriad of mechanisms from biological to behavioral. Consistent with contemporary societal determinants of health approaches, the impact of historical trauma calls upon researchers to explicitly examine theoretically and empirically how these processes become embodied and identify how these factors affect the magnitude and distribution of health disparities. Moreover, consistent with our tribal systems of knowledge, it is critical that we identify health promotion approaches rooted in the strengths of our tribal knowledges and vision of life, wellness, and health held for us by our ancestors in designing health promotion interventions that are sustainable in indigenous communities. This presentation provides an overview of innovations in social epidemiological approaches to community-based intervention approaches to addressing historical trauma and transcending the trauma with a particular focus on American Indian and Alaska Native two-spirit/sexual and gender minority populations. Specifically, findings from an NIMH funded 7-site national study of Two-Spirit (LGBT) American Indians/Alaska Natives will be shared with a particular focus on examining the direct and indirect effects of historical trauma experiences on Two-Spirit mental and physical health. Methodological research challenges related to measurement and sampling will be highlighted with a particular emphasis on measuring intergenerational trauma and its effect on the present generation's mental and physical health. After briefly describing innovations in incorporating theories of Indigenous Peoples' health in designing and testing the historical trauma measure used in the Honor Project, this presentation will highlight theoretical innovation in creating culturally-specific health promotion models for behavioral change grounded in Indigenous ancient teachings and the vision that our ancestors held for us in transcending historical trauma.
Speaker Biography: Karina L. Walters, an enrolled member of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, is the Associate Dean for Research, the Katherine Hall Chambers Scholar, and the Co-Director and Principal Investigator of the Indigenous Wellness Research Institute (IWRI; NIMHD P60MD006909) at the University of Washington. IWRI is one of 16 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities Comprehensive Centers of Excellence and one of two devoted to American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) research in the country. Dr. Walters has over 23 years of experience in social epidemiological research on the historical, social, and cultural determinants of health among AIAN populations as well as chronic disease prevention research (e.g., HIV, AOD, obesity). She has presented at over 350+ national and international conferences; was the first American Indian invited speaker for Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series (WALS) at the NIH; and was a Fulbright scholar at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Dr. Walters has served as Principal or co-Investigator on over 44 National Institute of Health (NIH) grants (22 as PI) from diverse NIH institutes, has personally mentored over 110 scholars from historically underrepresented populations including 57 AIAN scholars, and has participated in 16 national research training programs for underrepresented ethnic minority scholars. As the originator of the Indigenist Stress Coping Model, she utilizes this framework as well as decolonizing methodologies and community-based participatory approaches throughout her research endeavors. She received her B.A. (sociology) in 1987, her M.S.W. (clinical) in 1990, and her Ph.D. in 1995 all from the University of California, Los Angeles. After serving on faculty as an Assistant and Associate Professor at Columbia University School of Social Work (1995‐2001), she joined the University of Washington faculty in 2001. Prior to her career in academia, Dr. Walters practiced as a community-based psychotherapist and served as a Commissioner for the Los Angeles City/County American Indian Commission.
Webinar #2: Designing Sexual and Reproductive Health Research with and for Sexual and Gender Minority People
Heidi Moseson (she/her), PhD, MPH - Epidemiologist, Ibis Reproductive Health
Juno Obedin-Maliver (she/her), MD, MPH, MAS - Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology and Population Health at Stanford University of School of Medicine, and Co-Director of The PRIDE Study
October 20, 2020 – 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. Eastern – Via Webex
Abstract: The ways in which we conduct research have implications for the quality of our data, and the inferences we can draw from those data. When participants feel respected, confident in and trusting of study investigators, and invested in the study topic, participants may be more likely to report complete and accurate data. One way that researchers can establish trust with participants is by designing research questions that resonate with participants' lived experiences. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) research has done a poor job, however, of centering and including the experiences of sexual and gender minorities (SGM). As a result, much SRH research is limited by selection bias and misclassification bias that preclude a full understanding of the SRH needs and experiences of SGM people. Recognizing these potential biases and concerned about their impact on SRH data and participants, our interdisciplinary team of clinicians, researchers, and advocates set out to co-create a survey to improve the assessment of SRH experiences of SGMs. Nearly all perinatal, contraception, and abortion research to date has focused exclusively on individuals assigned female sex at birth (AFAB) who are presumed to be cisgender and heterosexual. We sought to fill in the gaps within available research and methodologies. The objective of this webinar is to describe the collaborative development of an electronic, quantitative survey co-created by interdisciplinary research and community advisory teams to improve the relevance, precision, and affirming nature of SRH research for SGMs.
Speaker Biographies:
Heidi Moseson (she/her), PhD, MPH
Epidemiologist, Ibis Reproductive Health
Dr. Heidi Moseson is an Epidemiologist at Ibis Reproductive Health. Dr. Moseson is the Principal Investigator of the "Understanding the family planning needs and experiences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States" study, a national, collaborative, multi-methods study of sexual and reproductive health priorities and experiences of TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth. Dr. Moseson's training and research portfolio focuses on identifying bias in sexual and reproductive health research, and in developing and testing new research tools to overcome these biases.
Juno Obedin-Maliver (she/her), MD, MPH, MAS
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology and Population Health at Stanford University of School of Medicine, and Co-Director of The PRIDE Study
Dr. Juno Obedin-Maliver is an Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology as well as Epidemiology and Population Health at Stanford University School of Medicine who provides excellent clinical care and strives to advance scientific knowledge through her research.
Dr. Obedin-Maliver, is the Co-Director of The PRIDE Study (pridestudy.org), a multi-site online prospective longitudinal cohort of sexual and gender minority individuals based at Stanford. She also serves on the medical advisory board of the University of California San Francisco Center of Excellence for Transgender Health and is helping to author the next version (SOC8) of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care. Dr. Obedin-Maliver has also been active in health policy including involvement in helping to legally redefine consideration of sexually intimate partner status and to remove the Medicare Non-Coverage Determination ruling on gender-affirming surgeries.
Webinar #1: What will it take to create health equity for sexual and gender minority young people?
Brian Mustanski, PhD, Director, Northwestern Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing
June 30, 2020 – 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern – Via Webex
Abstract: Health disparities among young people based on sexual orientation and gender identity are not going away. Recent studies have shown the size of the disparity in suicide attempts has not shrunk over the past 20+ years. HIV diagnoses have been continuing to increase among young men who have sex with men (MSM), while they decline in many other groups. In this talk, Dr. Mustanski will describe his research examining multi-level drivers of health disparities among young MSM and his program of research that uses community-engaged methods to create, test effectiveness, and now study the implementation of eHealth approaches to HIV prevention. The talk will conclude with a model of the multilevel changes that will be necessary to allow sexual and gender minority youth to have an opportunity to attain their highest level of health.
Speaker Biography: Brian Mustanski, Ph.D. is the founding Director of the Northwestern Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, which has grown to be the largest LGBTQ health research institute in the US. He is a tenured Professor of Medical Social Sciences and Co-Director of the NIH Third Coast Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). His research focuses on the health and development of LGBTQ youth and the application of new media and technology to sexual health promotion and HIV prevention. He has been a Principal Investigator of nearly $60 million in federal (NIDA, NIMH, NIMHD, NIAID, NCI) and foundation grants and has published over 265 journal articles. He is a frequent advisor to federal agencies and other organizations on LGBTQ health and HIV prevention, including serving as an appointed member of the National Advisory Council on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Some recognitions for his work include being named a William T Grant Scholar and NBC News selecting him in 2017 from 1,600 nominees to their inaugural list of 30 changemakers and innovators making a positive difference in the LGBTQ community.
About the SGMRO Scientific Webinar Series
The Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office (SGMRO) Scientific Webinar Series was launched in FY 2020 as a platform to promote research being conducted by NIH-funded investigators in the field of SGM health. This series seeks to highlight a diverse array of topics and research areas. The goals of this series are to highlight current and groundbreaking SGM health research and to provide a forum that allows students, postdocs, early-stage investigators, and others to envision a research trajectory in SGM health research.
Webinars are typically one hour in length, including 15 minutes for Q&A. Webinars are free and will be recorded and posted to the SGMRO website.
Individuals with disabilities who need Sign Language Interpreters and/or reasonable accommodation to participate in this event should contact Shyam Patel at the SGMRO (shyam.patel@nih.gov), and/or the Federal Relay (1-800-877-8339).
This page last reviewed on January 21, 2021


text:
Timia punctulata är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Becker 1906. Timia punctulata ingår i släktet Timia och familjen fläckflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fläckflugor
punctulata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Living Room features cathedral ceilings & newer large windows w/south western exposure. Newer hardwood floors thru-out, great closet space & large room sizes. Formal DR. Kitchen w/updated oak cabinets. Laundry w/cabinets, washer & dryer, plus storage room off private back deck. Kitchen & Laundry Room have newer vinyl flooring. Bedrooms & bathrooms are located on each end of home. Huge rear 2-car garage w/side entry door & lots of storage. Tons of natural light coming in from north & south/west exposure. Rochester Schools. Close to shopping, dining, entertaining & downtown Rochester.


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text:
Biografia
Operaio nel settore della lavorazione degli agrumi, è attivo dal dopoguerra nell'organizzazione delle rivendicazioni sindacali. Segretario generale della CGIL di Palermo, dal 1965 al 1968, diventa segretario regionale dal 1971 al 1979.

Deputato regionale siciliano per tre legislature con il PCI, viene poi eletto al Senato della Repubblica nell'VIII Legislatura, restando in carica dal 1979 al 1983

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Politici del Partito Comunista Italiano
Sindacalisti della CGIL


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Q: How Do You Determine Your Hourly Rate? In pricing a service or product it is general practice to not merely charge for the effort spent and the costs involved + margin but from the value delivered down. As an independent consultant, how do you set the price of your work?
What is the process of determining your hourly rate as an independent software developer? If you have one, what is your hourly rate and how did you arrive at that figure?
What factors would you take into account.  Is the process of setting a hourly rate only based on balancing demand with supply so that supply (you and your time) doesn't get overwhelmed?
When are the good times to raise your rates?
Are there projects in which you have had to charge higher than other projects? If so, please cite examples.
Do you change your hourly rate based on what kind of development you are doing? (for example, .net programming more, and lesser for php programming)
Do you set hourly rates based on what type of business the client is? If so how?
If you know of any relevant articles or material on the topic of charging for programming services, please post the same.

A:
In pricing a service or product it is
  general practice to not merely charge
  for the effort spent and the costs
  involved + margin but from the value
  delivered down. As an independent
  consultant, how do you set the price
  of your work?

A combination of the above + what the market will take.  Some further answers below.

What is the process of determining
  your hourly rate as an independent
  software developer? If you have one,
  what is your hourly rate and how did
  you arrive at that figure?

I actually have a daily rate.  I start at the market rate for a senior Java developer and then added 'chunks' to that rate based on my unique selling points for a particular client if they are relevant.  So for one client my experience in open source community management is a bonus, another client values my contacts in the Java community as a whole (I co-lead the JUG in London) etc.  I also factor who the client is and what sector they are in (financials will pay more if you have relevant business experience for example).
Supply and demand also come into it, as does the length of contract.

What factors would you take into
  account. Is the process of setting a
  hourly rate only based on balancing
  demand with supply so that supply (you
  and your time) doesn't get
  overwhelmed?

No it's not just based on that one factor, it's one of many factors.

When is it a good time to raise your
  rates?

When you have demonstrated over a length of time that you are worth more than your original rate and the market/client can afford it.  Remember as a contractor/consultant they expect to see real value for money, it helps to be able to track your work to a tangible saving/revenue/profit.

Do you change your hourly rate based
  on what kind of development you are
  doing? (for example, .net programming
  more, and lesser for php programming)

Yes, the market will pay differently for different skill sets.

Do you set hourly rates based on what
  type of business the client is? If so
  how?

Yes, as above, investment banks and the like do pay more - but they expect more as well, if you don't deliver you're soon out the door :)
HTH!

A: It's not me making my hourly rates, it's the market. In bad times (e.g. around 2005), I have to step down. In 1995-2000, the .com boom, Y2K and the euro conversions caused hourly rates to skyrocket. In 2005, I had to do a Job at 65% of what I had earned in 1998 (and that job was not in any way less sophisticated). Today, I earn a lot better, fortunately.
To make this a useful advice: Ask friends, relatives etc. who work in the same industry and area how much is currently the usual rate. That's the price you should ask for, most clients will accept it and only a few clients would pay more.

A: Primarily the market for the work in question dictates the rates you can charge.
The work in question will be defined by the skills you're using (technical), the industry the client is in and the value the work will deliver to them, any specific knowledge which may be needed to carry out the work and any reputation (good or bad) you may have.  Essentially the fewer people who can compete with you for the work, the more you're going to get away with charging.
So understand the market is the main thing.
As the market rises you can raise your rates.  If it falls then I wouldn't necessarily volunteer to drop them but be aware so if a client starts negotiating you know whether he really has other options - obviously if you're trying to charge $1000 a day and there are good programmers who can and will do the work for $500 you've got a tough sell on your hands.  Similarly if everyone else is charging $1000 a day you'd be missing a trick charging much less.
The key thing in doing this is to understand who your competitors and therefore the people you can compare yourself to are.

A: This is what I do; it is by no means the only way or even the best way!

*

*set your normal rate based on your income needs, relative value, market rates, a rational (40-hour) work week, and allow for taxes; if you're self-employed in the USA, figure taxes will take almost half of your income

*if the project adds tremendous value, charge a percentage of the ROI, say 2%, as long as this is more than your normal long-term hourly rate

*if the project is short-term and rush, charge 50%-100% more than your normal rate for schedule disruption and overtime

*if the project is short-term, charge 25% more than your normal rate

*alternately, you can bid on projects for a fixed fee (half up front!) as long as the scope is set and the schedule is reasonable. Beware the unknowns, mitigate risks, plan for interruptions and "gotcha!" bugs

A: Ask around your area and see what others are charging or just guess. If you are getting more work than you can handle, you're not charging enough.

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Home » IP Communicator Approved for Government Building Use by GSA
Communication & InfrastructureSDM NewswireStandards, Regulations & Legislation
IP Communicator Approved for Government Building Use by GSA
KEYWORDS cellular communications / GSA
Honeywell, Northford, Conn., announced its IP (Internet Protocol) and cellular fire alarm communicator has been found to be compliant with Government Services Administration (GS) security policies following an extensive evaluation by its Public Building Service (PBS) IT Security Team. This assessment authorizes the use of Honeywell's IPGSM-DP communicator on the IT networks of U.S. Federal Government facilities. GSA is the main purchasing agent for the U.S. Federal Government.
Brian Sheely, president of Innovative Life Safety Solutions, LLC, a Georgia-based systems integrator, first approached the GSA with this solution to eliminate the costly phone lines traditionally used to monitor fire alarm systems.
"We documented their current expenditures using their own data and were able to show the positive impact these upgrades would have on their operational budget," said Sheely. "The savings start to snowball pretty quickly for a Federal Agency who operates and maintains over 3,500 government buildings worldwide. If pursued, the annual cost-savings would prove to be in the millions!"
According to a GSA Information Systems Security Team Member, "The Honeywell IPGSM-DP will be placed on our internal list of products that have completed our assessment and remediation process. GSA project managers often look at the list to see which devices will present the least hurdle to moving their projects forward."
The IPGSM-DP offers three selectable communications pathways: cellular only, IP only, or IP primary with cellular backup.
"This IP/GSM solution would easily dovetail with several new GSA 'Smart Buildings' programs, which include billions of dollars worth of IT Network, VoIP and energy management upgrades for all federal buildings," added Sheely, whose firm is a Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business. "We'll be installing the first IPGSM-DP unit in a federal building in downtown Atlanta within the next few weeks."
For information, visit www.honeywellpower.com.
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iWatch Communications Inc.


Amidst the social, economic and technological revolution swirling around us, how we understand information has assumed even greater importance. Data is deeply embedded in every aspect of our lives from business to leisure and this data can in turn be used to sort out issues and ensure greater prosperity.
Big Data technologies may have been exorbitantly priced earlier but it is not the case now; Big Data tools have become inexpensive and are run on efficient commodity hardware. In short, they are accessible and no longer the domain of deep pockets. In fact there are big-data technologies structured for nearly every industry, because most companies, whether big or small, will generate humongous amounts of data that can provide real results. Putting it all in one place can give insights which will optimize your marketing. In the future Big Data will become a vital component of competition because it helps you identify problems and react immediately, thereby saving time and money.
Big Data isn't rocket science. Big data isn't complicated because if it was, we would not be using Big Data in our daily lives like when Netflix selects our recommended shows and movies. Despite the sheer volume and velocity of Big Data, an efficiently designed Big Data system can give you information at your fingertips and perceptive insights to benefit your strategy.
On the other hand, simple analytics applied to amassed huge volumes of data can lead to confusion, delay and failure to make beneficial decisions in the long term. Far better than to narrow down the data to the specific business issue and then apply advanced analytics to the data. Data fueled marketing provides a model to provide information from varied data inputs which can then be used to provide relevant messages to clients regularly.
Actually Big Data has been here for more than 20 years but the change has been in the sheer volume of data and the maturity of the ecosystem. Big Data is in the news because it has revealed the ability to hone huge amounts of data to your advantage. It is a whole new ball game for businesses, to address their data requirements in an efficient manner which will in turn lead to an increase in productivity. Big Data is a game changer and those who don't hitch a ride on it are making a big mistake.
Big Data can be untidy, noisy, distracting and riddled with inconsistencies. Asking the right questions is vital so that data can be pruned for analysis. There has to be a process in place so you can make sense out of Big Data instead of floundering in data hell. Identify the business issue and then pinpoint the kind of data you need to apply to get to a solution. Big Data requires specialized human interpretation and quality data to provide comprehensive results. Else, garbage in; garbage out.
Actually Big Data is not just the domain of IT guys; it is also a valuable tool for marketing and sales. You can reap the benefits of data driven insights and make better decisions.
Big Data analytics can infringe on civil rights protections in how personal information is utilized. The question is how to benefit from new technology while at the same time protecting fundamental values like privacy and fairness. The balance can shift between those who hold the data and those who are studied in that data. Big data technologies can generate hitherto unperceived insights. But the technical capabilities of Big Data have reached a level of comprehensiveness that requires understanding of how best to balance the opportunities versus the ethical questions raised by these technologies.
Dipping your toe into the water before jumping in is good, but one should be clear headed. Changing to a more cost effective model is desirable as well as required in today's fast paced world and that is where Big Data comes in. There will be always be naysayers who will back up because they don't like the new temperature of the water or are averse to change.
Hexanika is sure that slowly but surely, the doubting Thomases will be won over as they see the advantages accruing from Big Data. Please reach out to is if you need any help in your journey.
As more data is brought in, the result is a slow brew of gathering risk without sufficient data security currently included in Hadoop. This situation is slowly improving and a few Hadoop distributions provide sufficient data security.
Anonymizing privacy data completely may not be feasible in a monetizing scenario, but deidentifying the most sensitive information, e.g., names, social security numbers, birth dates, is vital to protecting the privacy of individuals.
Using data protection methods such as tokenization can also allow businesses to preserve the type and length of the data, as well as deidentifying only part of the data fields, while leaving the relevant parts in the clear, such as exposing a birth year rather than the entire date.
This will keep the data usable for third parties to analyze, while helping to protect the privacy of the individuals who make up the data.
I agree with your comment since privacy and security are very important features for any big data technology software.


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Emmy Spotlight on 'Black-ish'
By Jalal Haddad	@drinkingwithosc	 Apr 27, 2016
ABC's Black-ish takes a socially conscious turn in season two. Will Emmy voters take notice?
The most successful type of comedy at the Emmys is without a doubt the family sitcom. Starting with Make Room for Daddy to All in the Family to The Cosby Show and most recently with Modern Family, network television has always been able to rely on voters' family comedy love for Emmy gold. Even their early love for Arrested Development could be argued as an extension of the love for the genre. So why did the first season of Black-ish get virtually shut out last year besides a best actor nomination for Anthony Anderson?
The second season of Black-ish is even stronger than the first. The writers gave the entire ensemble a chance to shine. Even the four kids are given great material that doesn't make them come across as precocious. This is more than can be said about most kid sitcom storylines (looking at you Modern Family). The writers even tackle social issues in a style very similar to sitcoms of the past like Maude, The Golden Girls, and All in the Family. So far season two has covered Black Lives Matter, modern feminism, gay marriage, and the "N word." Black-ish is able to cover all of these subjects while remaining a pure comedy, not a dramedy. Now that the comedy series category is open to seven shows (and at least two open slots) and with no new comedies dominating the television conversation Black-ish can easily appeal to voters, especially if it is campaigned alongside Modern Family.
The safest bet for a nomination is the return of Anthony Anderson in the lead actor race. He was the show's sole nomination last year and he even beat out former category favorites like Jim Parsons. Anderson has even less competition this year in the category with two of last year's nominees not returning. The lead actress in a comedy category is in a similar situation with three of last year's nominees not returning (Falco, Kudrow, and Poehler) making room for Tracee Ellis Ross to receive her first career nomination. Last year, several actresses received their first nominations after working for decades in the industry (Niecy Nash, Regina King, Taraji P Henson). This new trend of honoring a new crop of well-respected actors is sure to continue with Ross who has been working in television consistently for the past 16 years, most notably on the early 2000s hit Girlfriends.
Besides nominations in the two lead races as well as the best comedy race every other nomination seems to be more wishful thinking than a likely bet. The four child actors are some of the funniest on TV but no child actor has been nominated for an acting Emmy since the Cosby kids (Keshia Knight Pulliam, Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Lisa Bonet) in 1986. Jenifer Lewis would have been the perfect contender in the guest category, but because of new Emmy episode rules she has to contend in the supporting race where she has virtually no chance against the eight returning nominees.
Black-ish hasn't done well in any precursor awards besides the Critics Choice awards where it received four nominations. At the Golden Globes, SAG, and other guild awards the show has been ignored in favor of flashier new streaming shows. Many voters still have a soft spot for more old fashioned network comedies. With Modern Family and The Big Bang Theory fading in the eyes of voters, Black-ish is the most obvious next show to receive major attention.
Readers, do you think Black-ish will have a more successful run at the Emmys this year or do you think the second season will be completely shut out? Sound off in the comments below!
Guaranteed Nominations
Anthony Anderson, Lead Actor
Probable Nominations
Tracee Ellis Ross, Lead Actress
Possible Nominations
Jenifer Lewis, Supporting Actress
ABCblack-ishEmmy Spotlight
Jalal Haddad is a recent University of Oregon graduate in Portland. You can find him on Twitter @Drinkingwithosc.
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Li	6 years ago
Jenifer Lewis is the show. She steals every scene.
Clarence Moye	6 years ago
100% agree with you.


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Miami police pull car from lake with 2 bodies inside after couple reported missing
By Laurie Hanna
Police have pulled a car with two bodies inside from a lake in Miami.
The bodies are believed to be missing 21-year-olds Alexandra Picon and Brandon Arana.
The Toyota Corolla was recovered from a lake near Black Point Marina after the couple were reported missing Sunday, reported WSVN 7 News.
Brandon Arana and Alexandra Picon were reported missing in Miami-Dade, Fla., on Sunday. (Facebook)
"The investigators have identified this vehicle to be the same in which both Brandon Arana and Alexandra Picon were last seen in on Sunday morning, when they were reported missing," said Miami-Dade Police Officer Jennifer Capote.
The pair were last seen in outside the Cadillac Ranch restaurant in the Palms Town & Country shopping center. Sources said that cell phone records show their phones were turned off near that location around 3 a.m. Sunday.
The car was pulled from a lake near Black Point Marina. (WSVN 7 News)
"Yesterday, they announced that the car would be somewhere in this area, the cellphones turned off somewhere in this area," said J.C. Alvarez, a family friend.
"This is a really, really sad situation."
Miami-Dade's medical examiner has yet to formally identify the remains.
lhanna@nydailynews.com


Maya Qiuju is a serious Daddy's girl! Lyle didn't get home from work tonight until after 9:00 and even though Maya had been in bed for over an hour, she heard him come in and insisted on some Dad time.
"I'm gonna get your tummy!"
It was actually a goal of Lyle's to get Maya to like being tossed around. He's been patiently working on this since we got home from China, but it's just been in the last week or so that she's decided this is fun. Before, she'd start to cry, which wasn't much fun for Dad.
Now she catches some serious air! Lyle calls this "The Qiu Throw".
I think Maya likes having a Ba Ba!


You can make a real difference to the lives of victims and witnesses of crime.
Friends of Victim Support help us fundraise and promote the work we do.
Everyone needs a helping hand and in Ayrshire we are so grateful to our friends who provide that help.
The contribution that they make to our work with victims and witnesses of crime in Ayrshire is invaluable.
While financial support from our friends is vital we recognise the importance of providing the Friends of VSS with regular information on our activities and the opportunity for them to be involved in our events.
If you would like to stand up for victims and witnesses, and would like to become a Friend of Victim Support Ayrshire, please contact your local Victim Support office. Details can be found on the contacts page.
Helping to raise funds by litter picking.


The Scotsman TC180 ice and water dispensers are the perfect solution for busy bars, restaurants and food service outlets who serve 'bottomless' or 'self-service' soft drinks. The hands free, touch-less operation makes them easy for anyone to operate whilst maintaining high levels of hygiene and cleanliness. The cubelet ice produced by the TC180 has a large volume displacement relative to it's weight which helps reduce drink product costs.
The TC180 produces cubelet ice and is available in two different ice storage sizes: 'Short' (SR) which has a ice storage capacity of 5kg or 'Long Range' (LR) which can hold up to 9kg of cubelet ice ready to serve.
Both versions are available with either push button, manual controls or with hands free 'touch-less' controls. The SR version is also available as a 'ICE ONLY' EVO option.
The touch-free operation of the Scotsman TC180 makes it ideal for the medical sector as the handling of ice is kept to the absolute minimum making it one of the most hygienic ice dispensing solutions on the market.
Installing Scotsman chilled water fountains will provide your staff, clients and customers with the essential hydration which people need to maintain good health and to work at their optimum.
The Scotsman SCW14B water fountain has an additional spout specifically designed to re-fill reusable water bottles which will help to encourage both visitors and staff members into using alternative containers, moving them away from disposable plastic bottles and cups.