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La conquête d'Andrinople par les Turcs s'est déroulée à une date incertaine dans les années 1360, dans des circonstances discutées.

Andrinople, une grande ville byzantine de Thrace est finalement devenue la capitale ottomane, jusqu'à la chute de Constantinople en 1453.

Contexte
À la suite de la chute de Gallipoli par les Ottomans en 1354, l'expansion turque dans le sud des Balkans fut rapide. Bien qu'ils aient dû interrompre leur avance pendant l'enlèvement de Şehzade Halil entre 1357 et 1359, après le sauvetage de Halil, ils ont repris leur avance. La cible principale de l'avancée était Andrinople, qui était la troisième ville byzantine la plus importante (après Constantinople et Thessalonique). Que ce soit sous contrôle ottoman ou en tant que bandes de guerriers ghazi ou akinji indépendants, les Turcs s'emparèrent de Demotika (Didymoteicho) en 1360 ou 1361 et de Filibe (Philippopolis) en 1363.

Malgré la reconquête de Gallipoli au profit de Byzance en 1366 un nombre croissant de guerriers turcomanes passèrent d'Anatolie en Europe, acquérant progressivement le contrôle des plaines de Thrace et poussant vers les montagnes des Rhodopes à l'ouest et les principautés bulgares du nord.

Chute d'Andrinople
La date de la chute d'Andrinople aux Turcs a été contestée parmi les savants en raison des récits différents dans le matériel source, avec les années 1361 à 1362, 1367 et 1371 différemment proposées. À la suite de sources datant de longtemps après les événements, une bourse d'études antérieure a généralement placé la conquête entre 1361 et 1363, conformément au rapport dans les sources ottomanes qu'une éclipse solaire s'est produite l'année de la chute d'Andrinople. Ainsi, des sources turques ultérieures rapportent que Lala Şâhin Pacha a vaincu le dirigeant byzantin (tekfur) de la ville lors d'une bataille à Sazlidere au sud-est de la ville, le forçant à fuir secrètement en bateau. Les habitants, livrés à leur sort, acceptèrent de rendre la ville en  en échange d'une garantie de liberté pour continuer à vivre dans la ville comme auparavant.

Basé sur l'examen d'Elisabeth Zachariadou des sources byzantines précédemment non prises en compte, la plupart des érudits modernes ont avancé l'idée que la ville a été capturée en 1369. Ainsi, un poème de l'évêque métropolitain de la ville à l'empereur Jean V Paléologue montre qu'Andrinople était encore byzantine à Noël 1366, tandis qu'une série de courtes chroniques byzantines situent la date de sa capture en 1369. En outre, les érudits modernes estiment que la capture d'Andrinople n'a peut-être pas été effectuée par des Turcs ottomans, mais par d'autres parmi les nombreux groupes akinji opérant indépendamment dans la région.

Conséquences
La ville, maintenant rebaptisée Edirne, a été reprise et a continué pendant un certain temps à être administrée par Lala Shahin Pacha, tandis que le sultan Mourad  a tenu sa cour dans l'ancienne capitale à Bursa et n'est entré dans la ville qu'à l'hiver 1376/7, quand l'empereur Andronic IV Paléologue céda Gallipoli à Mourad en échange de son aide dans une guerre civile dynastique.

Edirne n'est pas devenue immédiatement la capitale des Ottomans; Le tribunal de Mourad a continué à résider à Bursa et à Demotika, ainsi qu'à Edirne. Néanmoins, la ville devint rapidement le principal centre militaire ottoman dans les Balkans et c'est là que Suleyman Bey, l'un des prétendants au trône ottoman pendant l'Interrègne ottoman de 1402–1413, déplaça le trésor public.

La conquête d'Andrinople a été un tournant dans l'histoire des Ottomans en Europe : avant cela, les peuples des Balkans les avaient considérés comme des pillards de passage, comme tant d'autres qui les ont précédés au cours des siècles précédents. Au lieu de cela, la transformation d'Andrinople en la nouvelle capitale ottomane d'Edirne a signalé à la population locale que les Ottomans avaient l'intention de s'installer définitivement en Europe.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chute de Philadelphie
 Guerres byzantino-ottomanes
 Liste des batailles de l'Empire byzantin

Sources

Bataille impliquant l'Empire byzantin
Bataille de 1365
Bataille impliquant l'Empire ottoman


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AG Heroes | "I was saved thanks to my 'friend."
Written by AvantGuard
Sep 8, 2015 1:40:38 PM
Fae loved to make breakfast in the morning and eat in the comfort of her backyard. It was on such an occasion a few weeks ago that 91-year-old Fae made her way to her yard. She put her food on the table in the back and returned for something in the kitchen when she suddenly slipped and fell off her porch onto her car, wedging her elbow between the wheel and the wheel well. She had fallen so forcefully that she was unable to be free herself.
Fae's cries for help went unanswered, and the darkness of her carport made it difficult for anyone passing by to see her. Though she was panicked, Fae remembered the medical alert device around her wrist that her children had convinced her to wear. Fae managed to press the button on the device.
Marva, an AvantGuard operator, responded to the call. "Fae, this is Marva, do you need help?" Marva asked, and repeated three more times without any answer. Fae was unable to hear or be heard through her base station inside the house.
Following protocol, Marva quickly called EMS to check on Fae. "With no response, it's impossible to know the problem," Marva said. "As an operator, we're taught to err on the side of caution."
The local police and fire department arrived quickly to the home and soon discovered Fae in the carport, unable to move. Two of the responders were able to lift the front of the car frame while the other men gently moved Fae and checked her injuries. Fae was scratched, bruised and in pain, but determined to finish her breakfast in the backyard.
"I'm so grateful to have my 'Friend', said Fae, referring to her device. "I can't thank those that helped me enough."
We'd like to thank Marva, local EMS, and the provider of Fae's medical device for saving the day.
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You are at:Home»Uncategorized»ANCYL to appeal court order
ANCYL to appeal court order
By Busisiwe Hoho July 12, 2010 No Comments2 Mins Read
The ANC Youth League has vowed to appeal against an order of the Grahamstown High Court which prevented the party from holding its elective congress in Grahamstown which was scheduled for last weekend,The order granted by Justice Nomathamsanqa Beshe.
Justice Beshe also declared the disbandment of the party's Eastern Cape Provincial Executive Committee (PEC) led by Mlibo Qoboshiyane as "unlawful" overturned last month's decision taken by the party's National Working Committee (NWC) to disband the EC ANCYL's PEC after two chaotic elective conferences.
"The ANC Youth League has instructed lawyers to appeal the judgement in order to put the record straight and defend the unitary character and democratic centralism principles of the ANC Youth League," said national spokesperson Floyd Shivambu in a media statement.
He added that they disagree with the order because the ANC Youth League is unitary and bound by principles of democratic centralism.
"In terms of these principles, decisions of higher structures bind all lower structures," Shivambu explained. He added that the party believes that court actions against it are unacceptable and totally "alien" to the movement.
Meanwhile, Mlibo Qoboshiyane who launched the court application on behalf of the PEC said that they were disbanded by NWC for no "apparent reason", arguing that the PEC failed to attend a meeting which was called by the NWC.
"No one can walk into a province and disband it, it does not work like that," said Mlibo Qoboshiyane, the EC youth league's provincial chairperson.
At a meeting facilitated by ANC Secretary General Gwede Mantashe on Wednesday all parties agreed to another meeting which will plan for a properly convened provincial congress.
This meeting will convene at Calata House – ANC provincial headquarters in King William's Town – later this week and will be attended by the ANCYL NWC, ANC NEC and ANCYL PEC.
"The PEC is going to prepare for the sixth provincial congress before the end of July 2010 (preferably the last week of July)," he added.
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text:
A Conversation With Playwright Andy Bragen
Meet the Artists, New York, The Hub
This fall, PlayCo will be co-producing Andy Bragen's new play Notes On My Mother's Decline alongside Andy Bragen Theatre Projects. PlayCo previously produced Bragen's play This Is My Office which focused on the legacy of his late father and themes of identity and failure. As a companion piece, Notes On My Mother's Decline is in a similar conversation with Bragen's loss of his mother and also the birth of his first child. Andy Bragen, a native of New York's Lower East Side, is a graduate of Brown University's MFA program, an alumnus of New Dramatists, and a Lecturer at Barnard College. The show runs at the Next Door at New York Theatre Workshop October 6 – 27, 2019.
Andy sat down with PlayCo artistic intern John Brunner to discuss this upcoming production.
Andy, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with me. To start, what's the origin of this play, Notes On My Mother's Decline?
I started thinking about this piece, and writing some pages, right after This Is My Office closed in 2013. The This is My Office production was a wonderful and seminal experience for me as a writer. It is, like Notes on My Mother's Decline, a very personal play, and to see it on stage, and share it with friends and colleagues here in my hometown meant a lot. At that time, my mother was starting to decline. She had a regular home health aide and there were things going on in her life, and in my communication with her, that had her on my mind in a pretty deep way. Also, at that time, my wife was pregnant with our daughter.
So, a lot of the themes of the play were on my mind when I wrote the first few pages of the play at the end of 2013. I started writing it as a dialogue but ended up cutting all the son's responses to the mother. I wrote a very rough draft very quickly, finishing it within a few weeks of when my daughter was born. The play has changed very much since then but the impulse of that time, I think, remains central to it.
In this piece we see the Son becoming a parent while also losing a parent. That seems paramount to the play, both being someone's son and being someone's father. Do you agree?
Yes. Being a parent now has a lot to do with the play, especially in terms of my interest in and understanding of parent-child relationships. My parenting, my relationship to my own daughter, can't help but be in relief to my relationship with my own parents.
Having a child has made me think a lot about my own childhood and that's certainly something that this play reflects upon – a sense of New York City past and present. I've been writing essays as well, about my relationship to New York as a kid, and an adult, and my own kid's relationship to New York. We live just across the street from where I grew up. So these same streets, these same playgrounds, all of this stuff is part of my daughter's childhood. As much as the city's changed, and it has changed immensely, there is a continuity of place and continuity, in some cases, of people. I feel deeply connected to the place where we live and to the stories that I tell my daughter about my childhood. So the work of memory has been interesting to me as a writer and as a parent.
How old is she now?
She's five.
Do you think in writing this piece you discovered anything about either your childhood or your relationship to the neighborhood? Anything that you hadn't previously really thought about?
The work of memory seems to bring back more memories. I wrote so much of the play while my mother was still alive and I didn't really crack open the ending until after she died. There are also certain things I'm understanding about my relationship to books and literature. Reading to my child connected me to my very vague memories of my mother reading to me. I found myself considering the different ways that we give independence to children. That's not central to the play but it's certainly essential to my thinking about it.
Also, during those last few years, life was hard for my mother and there are a lot of things that were not pleasant, for her, and for me, as both her son and as one of her caretakers. There are certain things that, as a writer, I had to let go of to focus on the craft, certain feelings of anger or frustration. There are a lot of things I continue to learn, about myself, and about my relationship with my mom, as I work on the play and think about the play.
Your mother was passionate about theater and went to shows frequently. What is it like memorializing her through an art form that she loved?
It's something she really enjoyed. She came to New York from Mississippi in the 1950s on a high school trip to see Cat On A Hot Tin Roof. She always was someone very interested in stories. She had been in a very bad car accident when she was in high school and spent a year in traction, both in the hospital and at home. That must have been a very lonely time for her, and my sense is that, to get through it, she retreated into literature, and myth, dramas, and stories, into imagination. As an adult, here in New York, she went to plays all the time, mostly at uptown theatres, Broadway and Off-Broadway.
Theatre was an essential part of her. Even when she wasn't leaving the house as much in her later years she did still go, in a wheelchair, to plays. It was one of the most important things to her, something she looked forward to. It made her very happy. She came to see a couple of my plays, including This Is My Office, which she said she was very moved by. I was glad to be able to share that play with her.
This is My Office and Notes on My Mother's Decline have very different structures and narrative styles. What drove that divide?
I find that a play usually tells me what it is and most of my plays have different structures. My work has been pretty diverse in that regard. Almost every play has a different kind of form to it in the sense that the content tells me what the form is and vice versa- there's a real interplay there. I write pretty instinctively, meaning that when I start, I don't really know where a play is going.
With these two pieces, they're both engaged in acts of mourning. They're both engaged, to an extent, in forgiveness – be it about forgiving oneself or forgiving someone else. Office, with just one character, has to be about that character, ultimately. With Notes, however, there's a place to go with both of these characters, some kind of discovery with them together, a place that neither of them could get to on their own. I think that's sort of the formal discovery for me, a shift in the play that I couldn't initially see. I didn't discover the last ten pages of the play until last year, and I had been working on the play for a long time at that point.
You're choosing to, obviously, speak very publicly about very difficult and private events in your life. Is there a fear or hesitation when you do that?
Well, I guess I'll answer that question indirectly because, I don't have the exact answer, but I might get to it as we're talking. It is deeply personal. It is starting with truth and feelings and things that are important to me but the form and the play itself, the language, lead me forward as well. The personal approach is a way into telling a story that I think a lot of people can connect with, that I hope is more universal. For me, it's the play I felt compelled to write. It exposes some sides of me that are not so nice. The character, Son, is both me and not. My plays start with something personal and evolve from there, all of them, even when my presence is hidden or disguised. With this play, I've tried to peel away a lot of the artifice, or at least to have the artifice be different, to get at some core questions about how we love, how we mourn, and how people die. As I said, I didn't plan to tell the story in this way, but in the writing it felt right. It was the way I knew how to tell this story.
On that note, what's your hope for the show's audience? Do you have an aspiration for what they'll be getting out of this play?
I hope they'll be highly engaged with it and that they can connect it with their own relationship to family. I've had, in readings and workshops, conversations with different people and different generations who have had different reactions to the play. That has been very interesting to me.
Andy Bragen, a graduate of Brown University's MFA Program in Literary Arts, has been the recipient of Workspace and Process Space Residencies from the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council. Other honors include the Clubbed Thumb Biennial Commission, a Tennessee Williams Fellowship from Sewanee: The University of the South, a Jerome Fellowship, a New Voices Fellowship from Ensemble Studio Theatre, a Dramatists Guild Fellowship, a Berkeley Rep Ground Floor Residency, and residencies at Millay Colony and Blue Mountain Center. He is an alumnus of New Dramatists.
Produced plays include The Hairy Dutchman, Spuyten Duyvil, Greater Messapia, Game, Set, Match, and This Is My Office which was produced off-Broadway by The Play Company, and received a Drama Desk Nomination for Best Solo Performance. Don't You F**king Say a Word premiered in 2016 at 59e59 Theaters, under the direction of Lee Sunday Evans, the inaugural production of his company: Andy Bragen Theatre Projects. The play is available for purchase and licensing via Playscripts, Inc.
Also a translator, his co-translation of Yukiko Motoya's Vengeance Can Wait was produced at PS122, and has been published by Samuel French.
Since 2007 Andy has been collaborating with the jazz saxophonist and composer John Ellis. Their first work, Dreamscapes, appeared at The Jazz Gallery in December 2007. Their second work, an hour long chamber piece entitled The Ice Siren, premiered in May 2009. Mobro, their third collaboration premiered at the Jazz Gallery in 2011. The studio album is available on Parade Light Records.
Andy has taught at many colleges and universities including Brown University, Franklin & Marshall College, The Ohio State University and Sewanee: The University of the South. He currently teaches at Barnard College.
Learn more about Andy at www.andybragen.com
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An Interview With OH MY SWEET LAND Writer and Director Amir Nizar Zuabi
From Our Friends At Silk Road Rising and Golden Thread Productions


Brexit architect Nigel Farage has labelled the BBC the "Biased Brussels Corporation" after it was revealed the tax-payer funded broadcaster has received more that £4 million in funding from the European Union.
The BBC has received €4.8 million (£4.2 million) in grants from Brussels since 2015 as part of the bloc's Horizon 2020 programme, according to The Telegraph.
The largest single dispersement was for the €1.1 million (£970,000) project SUMMA (Scalable Understanding of Multilingual Media) started in 2015 which aims to "create a platform to automate the analysis of media streams across many languages," according to the BBC News Labs website.
Two other funded projects exposed are the "Global Under-resourced Media Translation" (GoURMET) project (€549,462) and "Harnessing Data and Technology for Journalism" (JOLT) (€546,575).
"The BBC claims that none of the millions it has received from the EU over the last decade find their way into its editorial budget," Mr Farage wrote for The Telegraph.
"Yet if this is all so innocent, why doesn't the BBC just come clean and tell the people about its cosy relationship with the EU?
The MEP then presented the "bizarre" example of the broadcaster airing Eurocrat Guy Verhofstadt's thoughts on Brexit "in which he savaged Britain's current position in pretty much every way he could think of," but failed to cover Mr Farage's speech, which has since been viewed on social media more than six million times, despite both European lawmakers making their statements during the same sitting of the Strasbourg Parliament.
"…a UK politician's contribution to an EU debate is ignored, and a foreign politician's critical view of Brexit is trumpeted as loudly as possible. In short, editorial bias," Mr Farage wrote.
The Brexiteer went on to reference a Guido Fawkes review that found that nearly three-quarters of panelists on the BBC's major news discussion programmes on television and radio were Remainers, with Brexiteers outnumbered on average four to one in eight shows sampled in September 2018.
"The old joke has often been that BBC stands for 'Brussels Broadcasting Corporation'. On the evidence above, I'd go a step further and say it stands for 'Biased Brussels Corporation,'" the veteran campaigner concluded.
A Civitas think tank study from 2018 found that the BBC had been suppressing Eurosceptic voices for the decade preceding the 2016 referendum. From 2005 to 2015, of 4,275 guests discussing EU matters on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, only 132 (3.2 per cent) were Eurosceptic.
The BBC is funded by a compulsory television tax for anyone who watches live television or uses BBC iPlayer services. Failure to pay can result in a fine or prison sentence with a report from the Daily Mail in 2017 finding more women than men are jailed for not to pay their licence fee.
The cost is set to rise from £150.50 to £154.50 from April 1st, 2019, while the broadcaster is also considering scrapping free television licences for senior citizens.
Director of the charity Age UK Caroline Abrahams told Moneywise, "This £4 a year increase to the TV licence fee adds insult to injury for the over-75s who face losing their free TV licence next year.
The Times reported last week that more that 860,000 viewers cancelled their television licence in 2017/18. Dubbed the "Netflix Effect," it is believed Britons are ditching 'Auntie' in favour of streaming services such as Amazon Prime Video, Now TV, and Netflix, whose basic annual subscriptions are all around half the cost of a BBC TV licence.


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namespace App\Modules\Category\Facades;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;

class Category extends Facade {
    /**
     * Get the binding in the IoC container
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected static function getFacadeAccessor()
    {
        return 'category_repository'; // the IoC binding.
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Destinations Africa Ethiopia Axum
Situated in the far north of the historic circuit, this fascinating town is Ethiopia's most ancient capital and the holiest city of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
OverviewExperiencesAccommodationHoliday ideasOur Experts
Once part of a huge empire which reached across the Red Sea, Axum holds many treasures.
The Ark of the Covenant, one of the most precious relics of the Judeo-Christian tradition is said to be housed in a small church compound in town, watched over and attended by a priest who has dedicated his life to tending it. A few yards from the church is a field of stone stelae, said to be the largest single pieces of standing stone in the world.
Time spent in Axum typically includes a visit to the Axum Museum, the Stelae Field, the castle of King Kaleb, King Basen's tomb, Mai Shum (the baths of the Queen of Sheba) and the Mariamtsion Church.
Tell us what you love doing and we'll curate a journey that's perfect for you.
Explore Axum's History
Visit palace ruins and burial grounds in Axum. Visit the legendary baths of the Queen of Sheba.
Ancient Stelae
See the colossal rock stelae, for which Axum is famous.
Discover Axum
Learn about Ethiopia's ancient capital and the holiest city of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
The Ark of the Covenant
Visit a small church that is said to house the Ark of the Covenant, one of Christianity's most precious relics. It is watched over by a priest who has dedicated his life to this task.
Gheralta Lodge, Ethiopia
Gheralta Lodge
Located in the heart of the Historic Route, between Axum and Mekele, Gheralta Lodge is a comfortable and friendly base from which to explore this scenically beautiful area.
The lodge has great views over the Gheralta Mountains and its bungalow rooms are tastefully decorated in Tigray style. Owned and run by an Italian couple, the restaurant serves up hearty Italian food with ingredients grown on site.
Ultimate Helicopter Journey across Ethiopia
Journey back in time, where the history of the people and the land merge and, at times, it is difficult to determine myth from reality. Explore with the flexibility that a helicopter brings, flying low over…
from $36,778pp
View Holiday Idea
Ethiopian Highlands including Lalibela
With an intoxicating mixture of spectacular scenery and fascinating culture and heritage, Ethiopia offers unrivalled diversity. Rock-hewn churches, monasteries and castles decorate the landscape, which has been shaped by a long and rich history that this…
9 days from $3,108pp
To travel through Ethiopia's Omo Valley is to remind oneself that there are ways of life that still exist that are vastly different to our own. The Omo is renowned for the vibrancy and distinctiveness of…
Browse our Ethiopia holiday ideas.
Our experts have created and curated these holiday ideas to get you started. Take the time to search through them and find something to spark ideas for a unique adventure.
Journey back in time, where the history of the people and the land merge and, at…
With an intoxicating mixture of spectacular scenery and fascinating culture and heritage, Ethiopia offers unrivalled diversity.…
To travel through Ethiopia's Omo Valley is to remind oneself that there are ways of life…
View all holiday ideas
Complete our enquiry form and start your next journey.
Illona was very efficient and helpful and clearly knew the country well.
No words can accurately describe the service afforded by Bridget. She solved problems that weren't of her making which resulted in saving my holiday!
We were kept very well informed right up until we left for our trip. We were alerted to a better flight home and had all the documents we needed to take with us.


text:
Q: Angular javascript: unable to access DOM element Controller code:
$scope.items = [];
$scope.items = [{'name': 'name x', 'id': 'xyz'},
                                    {'name': 'name y', 'id': 'uqh'}];

console.log(document.getElementById('xyz')+'<--- Element is created');

View

So here, as soon as I have created the divs dynamically, i want to draw a chart in each of the div. But I can't get access to it.
The console shows null. I understand whats going wrong here. But can someone suggest me the right way to go about in such a scenario.
The alternative that I know is to bind function calls like this, but then it would get called multiple times. So i cant go ahead in that manner either.

A: well, I would simply suggest to create a directive like this :

Then in your js :
angular.directive('drawMyChart', function() {
  return {
    link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
      // access your element here ...
    }
  };
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Neurons Behaving Like Social Networks
January 31, 2011 / Tom Murphy / 1 Comment
The way our brains communicate within themselves and the way we communicate between ourselves seem to be increasingly similar. In a recent report, An Embedded Subnetwork of Highly Active Neurons in the Neocortex researchers from Carnegie Mellon University observed that in a part of the brain called the neocortex neurons show the same pattern of behaviour as those displayed in social networks.
Neurons are the brain's transmitters of information. They transfer signals either electrically or chemically. However in the seems that in the subnetwork of this particular part of the brain some neurons are more active than others.
Alison Barth is the Associate Professor on the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU.) To assess the firing of individual neurons she invented the fosGFP detection method which was used in a transgenic mouse. This type of functionality allows the observer to determine the how much a given cell is stimulated without damaging the cell itself.
In an email that Professor Barth sent to us she wants to make it clear that she, "had no intention of studying what neurons do when we're on Facebook, or how Facebook is like the brain. But the analogy to differentially interconnected networks (such as social networking sites, like Facebook) that was quoted in the CMU press release is quite reasonable and provocative with respect to our work."
In that news release Professor Barth is quoted as saying, "It's like Facebook. Most of your friends don't post much — if at all. But, there is a small percentage of your friends on Facebook who update their status and page often. Those people are more likely to be connected to more friends, so while they're sharing more information, they're also receiving more information from their expanded network, which includes other more active participants."
According to Professor Barth some questions that now need to be looked at are, "Why are some neurons more active? How do they become this way? What drives them to be interconnected to each other? It's quite plausible that social networks will help stimulate new hypotheses to understand the organization and behavior of micronetworks, like those that exist in the brain."
In a previous article HTM: New Algorithms And A New Way Of Programming we discussed the work that Jeff Hawkins was doing on Hierarchical Temporal Memory in which he is using the physical structure of the surface layer of the neocortex to determine how the brain efficiently codes information into memory in the most energetically economic way.
The algorithms that he is developing are never going to be an exact copy of the brain but it is possible to get a model for coding and decoding information that is a very close approximation of how the brain works and thus benefit ourselves accordingly.
In the Victorian age the workings of the mind were compared to the leading technology of the time which was steam. "Letting some steam off" was an expression that entered the language amongst others that reflected this kind of thinking. Latterly in the computer age there has been a tendency to model the brain as something akin to a computer and associated paradigms have emerged around that idea.
But as we learn more and more about how the brain really works we can see that what actually goes on in our heads and what goes on in the world are inextricably intertwined. The steam age and the computer age as marvellous as they were may only be very crude approximations of the technical sophistication of our own brains.
With each new discovery in the field of neuroscience it becomes increasingly more possible to use this information and design and engineer systems based on the systems that go on inside our skull that work very well for us.
As we discover and observe phenomena like information transmitted through social networks working in a very similar way to the way neurons move signals through our brains there is every reason to suppose that future discoveries may reveal more surprising connections between what goes on inside inside our brains and what happens outside in the world.
If the most fundamental network of signal transmitters we have acts like one of the largest social networks that we have created (leaving aside how it is managed) then it is reasonable to expect that there are going to be plenty more lessons to be discovered and learned over the coming years.
LocalSocial: The Difference Between Proximity and Location
January 28, 2011 / Tom Murphy / 4 Comments
Sean O'Sullivan is the Co-Founder and CEO of Rococo. The original vision of the company was to make it easier for developers to stitch proximity function into their apps. Sean and his colleagues noticed that the Application Programming Interface (API) of every Bluetooth stack (the way protocols that communicate with each other are sometimes organised for convenience) was completely proprietary. They figured that they could create value by creating a common and consistent API using the Java language.
As well as helping the work on the technical standard — JSR-82 — for connecting Bluetooth with Java, Rococo provided a set of tools that enabled developers to develop apps that would enable them to take greater advantage of Bluetooth. In addition they licensed their own implementation of that standard to the mobile phone handset manufacturers.
As of June 2010 Rococo's technology was deployed on over a 180 million handsets worldwide.
However, the advent of smartphones has produced new challenges. For the most part they do not use the JSR-82 standard. In response to these changes in the mobile landscape Rococo have developed a product using their own proximity platform called LocalSocial.
How did the changes in the market lead to the deveopment of LocalSocial?
"It led us to broaden our field of view to offer a proximity platform that could work with Bluetooth, NFC, WiFi and other short-range wireless technologies. "
"We're dealing with proximity. We are all about making it easy to detect if you are near a person, a business or a device of interest. Near, in our world means anything from two feet to thirty or forty feet.
"Location is a well-served part of the market at the moment. Engineering on mobile handsets is incredibly well-serviced. The core functionality of figuring out where you are is done by a combination of GPS, cell ID and reverse WiFi lookup.
"Our technology is independent of whether you are inside or outside of cellular or GPS coverage. We are also neutral to wireless technology. This means we can stitch in support for new and more exotic short range wireless technologies as and when they get jammed into cell-phones
"Because we are interested interested in proximity we use any short range wireless technology that does "proximity" well. Bluetooth is excellent because it is installed in all smartphone and more than half of all the rest of the world's mobile phones."
What is the difference between Local Social and Foursquare?
"Foursquare is really two things — an app and a platform. We are really much more a platform. We don't necessarily have a bell weather app as yet that shows off the platform.
"One things that we do have in common with Foursquare is that we also believe that we can monetize the interactions between businesses and people as part of what the platform can do.
"What's different is that we start off by saying, "Here's LocalSocial, it's a platform." Third party developers can register, build apps that use the platform and stitch proximity functionality into their apps much easier then they could do otherwise. We are actually promoting the platform to developers."
Why would anybody want a proximity device? What would be the use of it?
"For handset manufacturers smartphones have been taken a lot of the action over the last couple of years but social networking technology has also been driving a lot of innovation on those platforms.
"Mobile apps have been a huge driver in user activity and user acquisition for the social network sites. In one of our demos we show what happens when you have Linkedin working with proximity.
"One of the things you can do is share your information (you control the amount) with people that are nearby. Conversely you can browse the Linkedin information of those same people.
"This can mean you can search for someone in the room who is interested in social media or interested in Bluetooth or whatever.
"The core that makes LocalSocial tick is that with your permission we store information about your Bluetooth MAC address – your unique Bluetooth address contained in the chip on your phone – online. We let you associate other information with that and decide how that might be shared with people that are physically near to you.
"We have profiles that contain versions of you social network settings. For example if you are in what you might call work mode you only share your linkedin information. If you are in say, party mode, you can share your Last.fm information for example.
"Person to business is the area that we have had the most interest to date. There seems to be some good evidence of demand for these sort of interactions."
NDRC: A Bridge between Academic Innovation and the Marketplace
The National Digital Research Centre (NDRC) is an independent enterprise that endeavours to bring ideas nurtured in the academic world into the commercial marketplace should they be suitable. NDRC's first projects began in 2008 when NDRC itself became operational and it is currently collaborating with 34 partners both in Ireland and internationally.
Although receiving a majority of its funding from the Department of Communications, Energy & Natural Resources NDRC is not a State agency and is set up as a not for profit company. We spoke to Amy Neale, Programme Manager and asked her why there was a need for NDRC or something like it.
"From our point of view we are focused on translating good research investments into commercial impact. So we are focused on what we would call translational research — taking good research outcomes and actually creating some market capital value on the back of those. That can be through licensing technologies or creating new spinout companies. We are very much focused on creating value for our partners and for the economy.
"We have put a slightly different model in place to the pipeline model that you might see elsewhere. We are very much focused on the types of outputs — either commercial licenses or new start up companies — that are in the digital space.
"All of our focus is on digital products in different application areas. We see that in that particular space there is the need for development to take place collaboratively."
"We set up and incorporate joint ventures between ourselves and an academic partner and an industry partner all of whom are sharing the risk to share the reward. Projects tend to be between eighteen months and two years. So we are just beginning to see the first outputs now and the earliest results from some of those projects.
Determining value is, "…an ongoing process throughout the lifetime of the project. From the very first engagement what we are trying to do is drill down into the market potential and who the customers are likely to be for any given idea.
"We start off with an evaluation process before we make a decision to invest in a project. We'll ask people who have a good idea to put it down on paper. We will give them guidance on doing that but we will ask probing questions about; the problems they are trying to address, where the solution comes from, what the market looks like, what the competitive landscape looks like, who the customers might be. We'll begin to probe what they think a likely route to market will be at that stage.
"We'll then bring on board some international evaluators to have a look at the very earliest stage. They will provide us with some feedback from an expert's position as to the potential of the idea. On the basis of that feedback we bring the team back in to pitch in front of a subset of our board. The NDRC board itself is balanced between academic and commercial partners."
Where in the funding and enterprise system does NDRC fit in?
"What we are trying to do is create a bridge between research investment and venture capital. What we are trying to do is derisk technology before they go before any kind of venture investment. We are looking to reduce some of the risks that investors would typically see in the early stage technologies that are coming from the research base.
"For us that means getting some kind of validation from the marketplace. All of our projects have a focus on user trialling and market trialling at some point during their lifespan to ensure that we are not just developing technologies that nobody wants.
"We absolutely see that there is the need for a different sort of vehicle that helps academics get their technologies to market and we see that there is a gap in the market providing that. That is the gap we are trying to fill."
If you have a project that NDRC may be interested or simply want to find out more you can contact them via their contact details at the website.
Silicon Valley: Moving to California
January 25, 2011 / John Breslin / 3 Comments
Silicon Valley, located in Northern California in the United States, is the epicentre of the global high-tech industry. It is synonymous with the world's largest technology corporations including Apple, Google, Facebook, Cisco and HP.
This 30 by 15 mile stretch of land houses a wealth of resources waiting to be exploited by Irish companies willing to take a calculated risk. There are major opportunities for new Irish technology companies to make a global impact through contacts and funding available in the Valley.
Silicon Valley contains a huge concentration of venture capital (VC) firms who are seeking the next eBay or Intel. Many of these firms are centred on or around Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park – considered to be the Wall Street of Silicon Valley.
One Irish company that is currently seeking to take advantage of the opportunities available is TapMap, founded in 2009 by Philip McNamara. The company uses mobile platforms to publish retailers' price and inventory to make their products accessible to local consumers.
Philip moved to Silicon Valley three months ago. He said, "it's an amazing place because there are so many people here who can help. You have these world class companies, these Fortune 50 companies, which are… just 15 minutes drive away."
Compared with Ireland he says Silicon Valley has a, "Whole ecosystem that is full of really smart people, really good people who want to help out and want to see you succeed. I was in Ireland and it was really hard to get access to those kinds of people and companies."
Along with the many benefits of moving your company to Silicon Valley, there are many challenges. There are a number of considerations when deciding whether or not to make the move:
An obvious disincentive is the physical distance from Ireland. California is just over 5,000 miles away and 8 hours behind in time. There is currently no direct flight between Ireland and the Valley, forcing commuters through other international airports to travel between the two.
Even though there is a lot of funding available, there is intense competition for it from all parts of the globe, including other parts of America. Philip McNamara says that although this is difficult, "There's a lot more competition at the same time because everyone is attracted here so you have all the companies from all over the US coming here to get funding so there's huge amount of competition but at the same time the talent is here, the experience is here and the connections are here."
American VCs will expect you to set up a locally incorporated company which involves obtaining American legal counsel.
The overheads associated with locating your business in California are significant. Aside from lawyers and the other costs of forming a company, it is vital to be able to get around and that means renting or buying a car. Borrowing one if you are lucky. Accommodation is also expensive. Philip says: "You have to have friends. A joke we've made is "find a family" to stay with – that's really important because otherwise you're going to be spending money on a hotel and that's just incredibly expensive…because you're going to have to spend 2 or 3 months over here looking for funding and setting up your team."
The business etiquette can be a culture shock. Philip said, "Everyone works all the time. I got an email this morning from an essential client at 7.15 am. You're on twitter and you're on email and you're on LinkedIn and on Skype until all hours. It's just the way it is. Business is business 24/7 even with your social life."
Visas that allow you to work in the States can be hard to obtain and sometimes slow to arrive.
Give some thought to your American mobile phone operator. Verizon's current 3G phones do not work in Ireland. AT&T or T-Mobile use the same technology as Ireland (i.e GSM or UMTS) so this may be a better option if your phone needs to travel home with you.
Some of these obstacles can be overcome by aligning your company with a business start-up centre who can help with VC meetings, office space, recruitment and advice. One such centre is the Irish Innovation Centre which opened last year.
Another facility is the Plug and Play Tech Center which TapMap is associated with. Philip notes, "They've been absolutely phenomenally useful. What they've done is put me in front of about 25 VCs to date. I had 4 VC meetings yesterday all set up by the Plug and Play Tech Center because they believe in TapMap and they want it to succeed."
What if you decide that Silicon Valley is not for you? One company who has decided to stay in Ireland is Cork-based Ferfics, a developer of intellectual property and microchips for radio frequency applications.
Eugene Heaney Founder and CEO of Ferfics, believes it is possible to attract global attention for a technology company without moving away from Ireland. The target market of his company are giants like Nokia, Apple and Samsung. Eugene says, "I don't think we have ever had difficulties reaching customers or getting access to customers because of our location. That's never been an issue."
Ferfics secured €1.7 million equity funding last November to begin production of an energy efficient microchip. Eugene believes VC funding is available at home for other companies, "Ireland is a pretty good place to try to raise capital in my view. I know I may be saying that because we did raise capital."
There is no denying that Silicon Valley is attractive for new tech companies looking to launch themselves into the world. It's positive, energetic and a hub of funding and ideas. On the flip-side it's expensive which can act as a barrier to many new companies but as Philip McNamara believes, "You have to be where your customers are and you've got to be where you can start the business."
Solarprint: Harvesting and Recycling light
January 24, 2011 / Tom Murphy / Leave a comment
Standard photovoltaic cells provide the means of turning light into electrical energy and are commonly found on solar panels and other suchlike devices. They are usually constructed using semiconducting materials such as silicon. While costs of manufacture have fallen over the years, they are still relatively expensive in relation to the costs saved by their use. They are also confined by the nature of their construction materials as to how they can be constructed. This limits where and how they can be used.
Instead of silicon, dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSC,) a technology discovered by Michael Grätzel at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, uses a layer of dye sensitized nanocrystalline semiconductor oxide particles. This process has numerous advantages both in terms manufacturing cost and range of possible applications.
Solarprint is an Irish company founded in 2008 by Dr. Mazhar Bari, Andre Fernon and Roy Horgan. It is based in an 8,000 Sq Ft site in Sandyford, Dublin, and employs 21 people at present. Solarprint has made its own contributions to DSSC technology by making innovations in the constitution of the dye sensitive layer which allows for greater ease of manufacturing.
One big advantage of DSSC technology is its ability to produce electricity at very low light levels. By being able to harvest ambient light from gloomy days and indoor sources it can power or supplement the power for remotely located sensors and other devices.
Also, because DSSC lends itself to being screen printed it can be formed and shaped in such a manner that it to be more easily incorporated into the design of a given object. Say, the roof panel of an electric car.
Roy Horgan is the Business Development Director and Co-Founder. We asked him why DSSC technology was so important?
"What we have done is that we have optimized the cell and tuned it for very low light. We are essentially recycling light."
Also, "You have theoretical limits in terms of the efficiencies in what you can do with silicon."
Firstly: "At the moment you are getting about 21 to 22 percent in some of the very highly efficient cells. Because DSSC is a nano material we can reduce the energy losses and increase the optimizations and it can go much further."
Secondly: Embodied energy. In solar energy products the energy used in their production is factored into their cost. "The maximum temperature we go up to is about 500C unlike silicon which needs to be processed and purified and goes up to about 1600C. The energy payback is much quicker with this technology."
Thirdly: How it captures light. "DSSC is particularly good in ambient and diffuse light. It picks up scattered light well. That makes it interesting for where we want to focus on initially which is indoor applications. Places like wireless sensors, controls operating at ultra-low power."
"We are taking these devices up from lab scale to modules to many thousands of modules for deploy and forget networks. Energy management systems, occupancy, temperature, window sensors, alarm systems, wiring panels and so on. Anything that needs ultra low power we can power."
What are you doing that is different?
"Most people that are looking at this want to do building integrated photovoltaics. They want to cover buildings with them. Because we have developed a low light solution you don't need to cover buildings initially. First, get the building's energy management system efficient using wireless networks.
"What we are doing is disabling the need for batteries to be present within these sensors. If there are batteries we can lengthen the life of the battery which helps with the cost of maintenance."
How efficient is this technology?
"We are developing the lowest embodied energy photovoltaic technology that currently exists. We use eco-friendly materials and our solutions lend themselves to power energy management systems both today and in the future. The biggest issue today is not your cars, not your planes — it is the built environment. 40% of all carbon today is from the built environment.
"Before you put your solar panels up, get your building right. Reduce the power consumption of your building. An energy management system can reduce that need for power anywhere between 25 and 50 percent with an integrated smart management system.
"Then you can start putting your solar panels up and your wind turbines up."
Not are only Solarprint developing this new technology they are also planning to manufacture and market their own products.
"We are planning for growth. Everything we do is for growth. We think six, to nine, to twelve months ahead. From human resources, to engineering, to how we deal with customers.
"We are trying to infiltrate into all aspects of downstream activity as we don't know where we will get traction just yet. But what we do know that every place we have infiltrated we have got traction.
'Ultimately our biggest challenge is manufacturing at scale and we can only bring on the best people and be advised by the best possible people we can.
"We have a great opportunity. It won't be from lack of effort that we don't do this."
Net Neutrality: Controlling the Speed of the Internet
January 24, 2011 / John Breslin / 1 Comment
Net neutrality is the concept that internet users will have access to content on the internet without restrictions from governments and internet service providers (ISPs.) Also, broadband providers can have no input outside of current legislation as to what content will reach the consumer by throttling bandwidth to certain sites.
There are concerns that ISPs and other broadband providers presently have the potential, by virtue of their ability to connect users to the internet, to govern how content gets delivered to users and that this potential to govern access needs to be regulated. For instance, amongst other options, they can charge different fees for different download speeds.
The possible imposition of net neutrality legislation in attempt to regulate this sort of activity has sparked opposition from those who wish to preserve the open nature of the internet.
The future of net neutrality in the U.S. is still in doubt as internet provider Verizon has filed an appeal challenging the Federal Communication Commission's (F.C.C.) rules on the issue, which were introduced on December 21 last.
The FCC's rules are designed to prevent ISPs from blocking, or charging higher prices for access to, certain sites or applications, but are less stringent on mobile internet providers and do not explicitly prohibit mobile ISP's from practicing 'paid prioritization', where internet content providers who pay ISPs will see their content delivered to users more quickly, creating a hierarchy of internet access.
The Verizon court challenge, filed in the Federal Appeals Court in the District of Columbia, and an 'Internet Freedom' Bill introduced by Tennessee Republican Assemblywoman Marsha Blackburn both assert that the FCC exceeded its authority in introducing these rules.
Opponents of net neutrality argue that the web has thrived on deregulation, and that its development should be allowed to continue unobstructed. But according to web pioneer Tim Berners-Lee the internet's continued development is under threat unless it has proper regulation. In a recent article in Scientific American he asked, "What if your ISP made it easier for you to connect to a particular online shoe store and harder to reach others? That would be powerful control."
Chris Marsden, Director of the Internet Law L.L.M. at the University of Essex, and author of Net Neutrality: Towards a Co-Regulatory Solution, explains the consequences of ignoring this issue, "I think there's a very simple reason, and that is what's done on net neutrality is going to determine how you receive the type of content that you're accessing on the internet."
Chris says that despite European regulators' reluctance to admit there is a problem in Europe of ISPs restricting certain traffic, such practices do exist, "What's happening is that all of the people who just provide internet connectivity don't want to be regulated so they're basically denying there is a problem. Clearly there is a problem, and that's why the director general of the BBC has been so open about that this week."
BBC Director General Mark Thompson expressed his concern about ISPs charging for bandwidth priority in a speech at the Oxford Media Convention. Chris says that despite the fact that, "content providers are convinced we have a problem." regulators have become what he calls, "the three wise monkeys of net neutrality. They basically say, we can't see any evil, we can't hear any evil, and so we're not going to say there's any evil."
Opponents of net neutrality point to the lack of regulation of the internet as being the key to its success and claim that attempts to control the behaviour of internet service providers are against the spirit of deregulation that has characterized the internet's success. Rather than create a level playing field for all, net neutrality will merely be a victory for large companies who hog bandwidth.
Rachel Alexander, editor of Intellectual Conservative says that net neutrality, "is going to pick winners which are technology companies that use a lot of bandwidth, and then it's going to pick losers which are companies that are the backbone of the internet like Verizon, that provide access to everyone to use the internet."
Rachel says that net neutrality rules are hampering competition in the ISP marketplace, "We're seeing it right now with Metro PCS, net neutrality rules would stop this smaller, more competitive company from undercutting Verizon."
She also suggests that if the Verizon case goes all the way to the Supreme Court then they are likely to be successful, "Just because we do have a more conservative Supreme Court right now."
If Verizon are successful, then ISPs will be able to charge as they see fit for fast delivery of content. If that happens, as Tim Berners-Lee writes, "we could lose the freedom to connect with whichever Web sites we want."
In Europe, Chris Marsden points out that these laws will change nothing unless, "the national regulators are willing to actually go ahead and actually tackle the issue by actually telling the service providers that they can't monkey around with the speeds of our connection. The only regulators who look as if they might do that are the French, and possibly the Dutch."
As regulators and national governments struggle to reach a consensus, the future of net neutrality, and by extension the way content is moved around on the internet itself, is unsure but what is sure the eventual outcome will affect every user of the net.
Chris Marsden writes at Net Neutrality in Europe
Rachel Alexander is editor at Intellectual Conservative
Paddy Cosgrave Talks about Dublin Web Summit [VIDEO]
The next event of the Dublin Web Summit series takes place on the 8th of March. They are being held roughly every four months to reflect the need to stay current with the rapidly changing tech environment.
Previous speakers from overseas have included Jack Dorsey, Chad Hurley, Dave McClure amongst others. Irish speakers in the past have included Iain McDonald from Skillpages (formerly Weedle), Kirstie McDermott and Darragh Doyle.
In the video Paddy elaborates further on the need for the Dublin Web Summit or something like it. He also provides more information on the following points.
More on the need for the events to be frequent
Providing space for the tech community to come together
Opportunities for networking
The possibility to learn new things
Because of the ongoing changes in the political climate this event will be more focused on how Ireland can enhance its position in the global tech sector
A brief explanation of how further events in the DWS series will work over the coming year
Announcement of the first speaker for the March event
The inaugural session begins at 5pm on March 8th and you can find more details about speakers as they are announced at the site for the Dublin Web Summit. You can also purchase your tickets there as well.
Lin Clark on the Release of Drupal 7
After being three years in the works, Drupal 7 was launched at the beginning of January. In that time there have been numerous changes and improvements which can be perused in the Drupal code changelog. We asked Lin Clark, who gave us an introduction to Drupal in a previous article entitled "Lin Clark On Why Drupal Matters" to tell us a little more about this new release.
"From the user standpoint there is a new user interface that is a lot easier to work with. If you are a developer there are just innumerable ways that Drupal 7 makes your experience better, more enjoyable and exceptionally powerful. You can do impressive things in not very much time. For me, it takes about half the time to do the same thing in Drupal 7 that it took in Drupal 6.
"It moves a lot of the things that you used to have to write in this procedural code where you tell the computer exactly how to do things into what is called declarative code where you just say, "I want to do x and y." You don't have to tell it how to do it. Drupal takes care of all of the 'how you do that.' You just write in a few lines of code and it does this really neat stuff.
"When you download Drupal, the package itself, there is a core set of modules that as soon as you run the installation they are enabled. You can interact with them. If you want to do different things then you download different modules and plug-ins.
"You used to have to download somewhere between five and ten modules to get good image handling. That's now part of core and it is really easy to do.
"Being a part of core is good because it means that you have the attention of the whole community on these bits of functionality. It also means that they are more stable, they are not going to change so much. It also means that there are a lot of resources, a lot of teaching tools for those parts."
Why did it take so long?
"One of the things with software projects is they do generally [take longer than expected.] That's just something about software projects. Even when you are actually finished with coding the requirements you still have to polish it and ensure that it all works together.
"There were issues moving the field system which used to be in contrib into Drupal core because when something moves into core there needs to be an upgrade path. Making an upgrade path between this and the new system was one of the big challenges."
Should people move to Drupal right away?
"You don't have to, not yet. If Drupal 6 is suiting you just fine then there's no reason to change. But there is going to be a certain point where the modules are only going to be developed for Drupal 7.
"If you are starting a new site then you definitely want to start with Drupal 7. But I would say that when you run into something that says you should move to Drupal 7 then that is when you should move. You shouldn't necessarily jump on it just to jump on it."
If you are interested in Drupal a good place to start would be with Lin's video tutorials. You can find them on YouTube and at semantic-drupal.com.
Distribution: Part Three on Bringing a Web Application to Market
This is the final part of our series on design, development and distribution — the process of getting a product, specifically a web based application, to market. In the edition that covered design it was pointed out that the first step to making an idea manifest is to think very clearly about what needs could be filled by the technology at your disposal. In development we looked at how we could build that idea out into a functioning entity. In this final part we discuss how we got all this wonderfulness that has taken so much time and effort to create to the people who matter most — the people that might actually want it.
"The first question you have to ask is, "Where are the people you are trying to reach right now?" What blogs are the people you are trying to reach reading and go and talk to those bloggers and try to get them to write articles about you. Buy advertising on their site.
"You can do bizdev deals with companies that are already selling into that channel. You can also do the affiliate model where other people can advertise for you and you pay them based on how many conversions take place.
"You can also provide branded content by providing a monthly or weekly email which shares information about your industry which in turn gets shared around. You are building your brand while you are helping people get information about what is relevant to them.
"A good recent example of sending out emails is Hootsuite. One of the things they started recently was Hootsuite University where they teach people how to use social media tools. Of course, one of the tools they teach people how to use is the Hootsuite application. They are really giving value back to the community but they are also building their brand up for themselves."
There are other means to let people know about the web application you have built:
Search Engine Marketing: Ads appear as part of the search results for the keywords related to your business.
Search Engine Optimization: Where you optimize the content on your page to show up as one of the top results when people type in a relevant word.
Social Advertising: Advertising on Facebook or other social networks. The opportunity there is to be able to reach to the demographic that most closely resembles the demographic for the people who would care most about your business.
"If you were trying to sell t-shirts you would probably look at those people who are 15-25 years old. And if you are t-shirts are do with cars you try and place them on the pages associated with cars on Facebook and so on."
Public Relations: Getting the press and different bloggers writing about you and your company.
Promotions and Competitions:There are companies like Wildfire which can help with putting different types of promotions together.
"Another part of distribution is about retention and referrals. How do people talk about your application? Do you make it easy for people to refer? When people land on your page, how do you activate them and get them involved?
"Bizdev, sales and marketing are encompassed within distribution. But these are are all just terms. The reality is, how would the the person who would be interested in your product find out about your product. If they don't know about it right now then why do they not know about it? How can you reach them?
"It comes back to the we discussed in the articles on design and development. Certain people know the general area of a topic and other people are very good at certain specifics.
"You need to find the man or woman who is best at adwords campaigns, the best person at running social media, the best person to be your community manager and it is not always going to be the same person.
"As an entrepreneur you have to be able to coordinate things in such a way that you get the best people into certain roles.
"You have to recruit the best people for the specific role and you probably aren't the best person to do all those roles. However, you have to understand all the parts of your business to be able to communicate with the brilliant person who is doing it for you. You have to build a rapport with that person so that they have respect for you and that they know that you have respect for them.
"People will share good things. If people like something they will tell their friends about it and share it. That is how things really go viral. With Groupon people see this good deal and then they post it on Facebook and say, "Who wants to come kayaking with me?" Then their friends sign up. It is a simple sharable concept with instant gratification.
"All this stuff together is distribution — there is no silver bullet. With a lot of web applications you have to do many, many things."
You can watch Fergus give a talk on design, development and delivery from his presentation at BlogTalk 2010 in Galway last year.
Special thanks to Dave McClure for letting us use the main image in this article.
Crowdgather: The Importance of Forums on the Internet
Sanjay Sabnani is the chairman and CEO of Crowdgather, a network made up of over 65,000 forums generating over 90 million page views per month and 4.5 million visitors a month.
Back around 2005 Sanjay looked at all the press in terms of valuation of user generated content sites and social networks and realized that forums seemed to have very valuable content, very strong ties between the members and really no love from the mainstream community. We asked him why he thought that might be?
"For some reason there seems to be a general reluctance amongst advertisers to advertise on user generated content. You have to message down to the individual and to the small groups. Back in the nineties that was not how it was done. The manufacturers and advertisers wanted to control the message and did not have any dynamic feedback in their approach where they could learn from their users.
"That's all changed now and we are already started to see traction. We have grown from 12 million page views a month last year to 90 million page views a month."
But haven't social media sites subsumed the role of forums?
"There is a substantial difference between forums and social media. At the same time there is a huge amount of ignorance about forums and their place in the eco-system.
"I believe that Twitter and Facebook are the training wheels of the true, deep internet experience.
"On forums most people use imaginary user names. Who you are in the real world, how big your bank balance is, how pretty or handsome you are does not matter on a forum. What matters on a forum is the worth of your intellect, the merit of your thoughts and your ability to communicate them.
"Unfortunately, they are not very pretty. There are legacy issues in how pretty they can be made because of how arcane the software is. But if you look at them for what they are — as vehicles for many to many communication — they are the best applications of many to many interaction.
"Facebook is not many to many. It is me and my friends and at any given time it's me communicating with my friends or me participating in the communication of my friends. We are never all in it together because I may not have friends that overlap your group of friends.
"Forums are designed for a multiplicity of people to communicate with a multiplicity of people and they are done in an organized fashion with a taxonomy that makes sense.
"If you go to a standard forum you will find an index. There'll be be a section that has an introduction for new members and a section to put your complaints. You'll find the subject you are interested in is broken down into various sub-headings. It is very easy to find the information and, specifically, the conversation that you are looking to create or participate in.
"What forums allow you to do is the sum total of everything you can do on the internet.
"On a good forum you can read a review. You can have a member do a tutorial on how to jailbreak a phone or how to hack something. You can have your typical Q&A threads. You can post a question to the community. You can also share. There are very few places that have this aggregate of knowledge.
"Facebook allows you to share social linkages. You see pictures of your friend's new born child and you get to congratulate them. Linkedin captures your work history; who you have worked with and the chronology of your work experience. Twitter allows you to broadcast to your followers.
"There is nowhere else [besides forums] on the internet where your passions, your hobbies and your knowledge base is sufficiently given credit for."
Apart from being a powerful advocate for forums Sanjay also runs Crowdgather as a business.
"We are focused on what is unique about forums. In the meantime we pursue an acquisition and advertising driven business strategy because in order to get to our dreams we need to have a day job. Get bigger, charge more for ads and give advertisers access to the constituents they are looking for.
"The software that we are developing seeks to expand on this folio and create a system that allows all forums to be interlinked so this history and this collective knowledge base can be better utilized and accessed by the masses that are now cutting their teeth of Twitter and Facebook.
"Forums are highly valued by search engines. You take any other form of social media; you take a blog, you take Facebook, you take Twitter, what is the policing mechanism on the links posted in those types of sites? It's zero.
"On a forum if you showed up as a new member and in your first several posts there were links to a commercial product you would be ridiculed, insulted, banned and the link would be removed.
"Forums are the only class of site other than Wikipedia type sites that has a built-in peer review mechanism. Search engines have already looked at and identified this process as a very powerful form of curation of good answers. There is a framework of well-understood conduct that you must abide by."
Forums, with their roots in the pre-internet days of networked modems, are the largest repository of high value, user generated content on the internet. Despite their somewhat unfashionable status it is impossible to imagine a worthwhile or particularly useful internet existing without their presence.
Forums might never be cool enough to have movie like "The Social Network" made about them but with people like Sanjay as advocates there is a chance that they might receive a bit more love and respect than they do at present.


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Everton hints at possible move to Arsenal
Inter consider alternatives to Lukaku
Juventus announce De Ligt capture
Inter Milan agree €45m fee for Barella
Inter Milan continue to reinforce under Antonio Cionte and are very close to completing a deal for Cagliari midfielder Nicolo Barella according to Gianluca Di Marzio. READ: Meunier wants PSG stay amid Arsenal interest Barella was heavily linked with a move to Premier League side Chelsea in January. The player is keen to join Inter Milan […]
Meunier wants PSG stay amid Arsenal interest
Paris Saint-Germain right-back Thomas Meunier has urged the club to make a decision on his future and has confirmed that he wants to remain with them despite interest from Arsenal. Meunier joined PSG in 2016 in a contract that runs out in 2020. Meanwhile, reports have linked him with a switch to the Premier League […]
Leonardo reveals why he left Milan for PSG
Leonardo has revealed why he left Serie A club AC Milan for Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain in a recent interview he granted. He rejoined PSG after leaving them in 2013. "The contacts had never stopped with PSG. Since I left, there has always been a good relationship between us. I couldn't refuse their call, […]
COMMEBOL hit back at unacceptable Messi comments
COMMEBOL have labeled Lionel Messi's allegations of corruption at the Copa America as unacceptable and unfounded. Argentina defeated Chile 2:1 in the third-place play-off on Saturday in a game which saw Lionel Messi and Gary Medel receive red cards and go for an early shower. This provoked the Argentine's insinuation of corruption and lack of […]
West Ham battle Valencia for Maxi Gomez
Premier League outfit West Ham are looking to hijack Valencia's move for Celta Vigo striker Maxi Gomez, reports have revealed. The Hammers are in the market for a decent striker who'll lead their line next season as Marko Arnautovic is nearing a move to the Chinese Super League. READ: How Sarriball will help Frank Lampard at […]
How Sarriball will help Frank Lampard at Chelsea
It's no more news that Frank Lampard is now the new boss at Chelsea. The English man was confirmed as the Blues' new boss on Thursday, effectively confirming a goodbye to Maurizio Sarri's Sarriball ahead of the 2019/20 football season. Although it is expected that Frank Lampard will look to infuse his own style of […]
Willian will miss Copa America final against Peru
Chelsea winger Willian will play no part for Brazil in the Copa America final against Peru due to a hamstring injury he picked up recently. The attacker was substituted into the second half of the semi-final 2 nil win against Argentina on Tuesday but unluckily pulled his hamstring in the course of the game. READ: Top […]
PSG sign Sarabia from Sevilla on a five-year deal
Paris Saint-Germain have completed the signing of Pablo Sarabia from Sevilla on a five-year deal. The 27-year-old is the Ligue 1 outfit's second signing this summer, having signed goalkeeper Marcin Bulka from Chelsea. Sarabia spent three seasons at Sevilla after joining from Getafe and went on to score 43 goals in 151 games for the […]
Man United bid £70m for Harry Maguire
Man United recently signed Aaron Wan-Bissaka from Crystal Palace in a 50 million pound deal. The Red Devils are about to spend more as Sky Sports confirmed that they've made a fresh offer for Leicester City defender Harry Maguire. Leicester City have reportedly received a bid of 70 million pounds from Manchester United for the […]
Robert Snodgrass extends contract with West Ham
Robert Snodgrass has signed a one-year contract extension with Premier League club West Ham until the summer of 2021. The new deal also comes with an option that will allow him to extend his stay by a further 12 months if need be. The Scotland international found the back of the net twice in 33 […]
Next Posts >>


Whether you need urgent AVG support now or could need it in the future, RESCUECOM's expert AVG support technicians will be there for you, 24/7.
AVG software has caused problems for many customers, and if you haven't experienced difficulty yet, RESCUECOM's AVG support experts will be ready when you do. The AVG software takes up a major amount of space on your computer and can cause your system to crash if it is anywhere near a loaded hard drive. If this happens to you, RESCUECOM will be ready to provide you an emergency AVG repair anywhere across the country. The AVG software has also annoyed many customers with its false recognitions of Internet threats. If you have trouble with these false recognitions, contact RESCUECOM for our AVG support specialists to provide you a fast and flawless solution to your problem. Whether you need AVG support or AVG repairs, you can contact RESCUECOM (online or at (703) 986-3233) 24/7, 365 days a year.
One customer downloaded the AVG software onto his laptop and it caused his entire system to crash; he needed an emergency AVG repair. If he contacted RESCUECOM's AVG support services, a certified RESCUECOM technician would provide an urgent AVG repair for him within an hour. Our AVG repair techs are the best in the industry and can provide you urgent AVG repairs in your home or office, nationwide.
Another AVG customer needed AVG support when the software couldn't scan locked or hidden files, which allowed the computer to keep acquiring trojan viruses. She should have called RESCUECOM's AVG support services and would have been connected immediately with one of our AVG support specialists who would provide a fast and flawless solution. Instead of calling, she also could have been provided with instant AVG support online; all she needed was an Internet connection and her AVG support would be just a click away.
Contact RESCUECOM when you need fast and flawless AVG support or an AVG repair, our AVG support experts are always ready to assist you.


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Kafnu Hong Kong
Kafnu is a community where entrepreneurs and creatives live, work, play and learn.
#Co-working space
Kafnu is an urban village for the new generation of creators. Named after a hamlet in Himachal, India, where adventurers prepare for their Himalayan ascent, Kafnu is a physical, intellectual and social launch pad. It is designed for members to Work, Learn, Play and Stay in an open and supportive environment that enables co-creation, co-exploration and co-innovation. In this energising community of diverse yet like-minded trailblazers, members challenge the ordinary and redefine boundaries, elevating their individual and collective potential. Kafnu members enjoy access to strategic partnerships, premium services, as well as private events. Kafnu has locations in Hong Kong, Taipei, Bengaluru and Alexandria, Sydney. The brand is expanding across Asia Pacific and will soon be opening in Colombo and Ho Chi Minh City.
Kafnu Hong Kong is one of the best meeting spots and event space located within the luxury Kerry hotel in the Hung Hom area of Kowloon. Join Kafnu and embark on a lifelong quest for knowledge!
Kafnu blend live/work/play/learn components, building a vibrant community of creators. Members will have access to Kerry Hotel gym, jacuzzi & pool; 24-hour access to the work stations at Kafnu; and daily happy hour of selected craft beer!
Kafnu x Gwen's Boutique: Sustainable Sunday Market 23 Feb 2020
2030 Sustainable Development Goals Game - Hong Kong 24 Feb 2020


There are few things more satisfying after a long day of work than coming home to a welcoming, comfortable place to relax. For many people, this means kicking back in a living room or home theater where plenty of soothing sources of entertainment await. Turning such a space into an even more appealing one can pay dividends for a long time to come. Experts at the provision and management of TV Cabling in Spokane County Washington, for instance, can often help out in ways worth pursuing.
Even well-planned home theater setups sometimes end up looking a lot messier and less organized than anticipated. In many such cases, it will be a lack of accommodation for all the cables and wires that often attach to televisions which will be the primary culprit.
While "cord cutting" has become something of a phenomenon, many homeowners still subscribe to television services provided via satellite or cable. The coaxial cables that are most often used to deliver these signals to televisions will sometimes need to run for fifty feet or more. Having an accomplished electrician pull such a cable through a wall so that it can emerge right where it is needed will cut down on clutter and disorganization.
Many televisions today are meant to be connected to home networks around the clock. In most cases, a wired network will allow more reliable streaming of shows and movies. Having an expert like the ones online at cdaelectrician.com run network cables will ensure that no associated inconvenience will ever arise.
Given that just about every home today features at least one television that is connected to types of cables like these, having an expert make appropriate arrangements for them can easily pay off. Cables that are installed and accommodated professionally will be less likely to get in the way or frustrate homeowners in other respects.


text:
package org.apache.solr.handler.admin;

import static org.apache.solr.common.params.CommonParams.NAME;

import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.solr.common.params.SolrParams;
import org.apache.solr.common.util.SimpleOrderedMap;
import org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore;
import org.apache.solr.core.SolrInfoBean;
import org.apache.solr.handler.RequestHandlerBase;
import org.apache.solr.request.SolrQueryRequest;
import org.apache.solr.response.SolrQueryResponse;
import org.apache.solr.security.AuthorizationContext;

/**
 * @since solr 1.2
 */
public class PluginInfoHandler extends RequestHandlerBase {
  @Override
  public void handleRequestBody(SolrQueryRequest req, SolrQueryResponse rsp) throws Exception {
    SolrParams params = req.getParams();

    boolean stats = params.getBool("stats", false);
    rsp.add("plugins", getSolrInfoBeans(req.getCore(), stats));
    rsp.setHttpCaching(false);
  }

  private static SimpleOrderedMap<Object> getSolrInfoBeans(SolrCore core, boolean stats) {
    SimpleOrderedMap<Object> list = new SimpleOrderedMap<>();
    for (SolrInfoBean.Category cat : SolrInfoBean.Category.values()) {
      SimpleOrderedMap<Object> category = new SimpleOrderedMap<>();
      list.add(cat.name(), category);
      Map<String, SolrInfoBean> reg = core.getInfoRegistry();
      for (Map.Entry<String, SolrInfoBean> entry : reg.entrySet()) {
        SolrInfoBean m = entry.getValue();
        if (m.getCategory() != cat) continue;

        String na = "Not Declared";
        SimpleOrderedMap<Object> info = new SimpleOrderedMap<>();
        category.add(entry.getKey(), info);

        info.add(NAME, (m.getName() != null ? m.getName() : na));
        info.add("description", (m.getDescription() != null ? m.getDescription() : na));

        if (stats && m.getSolrMetricsContext() != null) {
          info.add("stats", m.getSolrMetricsContext().getMetricsSnapshot());
        }
      }
    }
    return list;
  }

  //////////////////////// SolrInfoMBeans methods //////////////////////

  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
    return "Registry";
  }

  @Override
  public Category getCategory() {
    return Category.ADMIN;
  }

  @Override
  public Name getPermissionName(AuthorizationContext request) {
    return Name.METRICS_READ_PERM;
  }
}


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Compared to Dakar, from where I traveled to get to my job at the World Bank, the city of Bamako is the image of tranquility, with sultry temperatures and long siestas, as described so vividly by Albert Londres in Terre d'Ebène. An invaluable work for understanding the Mali of the past, and perhaps the present? There has definitely been a shift, but the country is still known for the heat and a certain languor. It depends on imports from neighboring countries for everything, particularly goods and services, "and even fashion, or ideas!" a friend sometimes notes with irony.
Passion and technology: two undeniable drivers of development!
My name is Christian Niyomwungere and I will soon graduate from the University of Burundi. It was there, during my years of study, that I became aware of the issue of unemployment.
It all began with young girls, later, to be women grew up with no, or little rights, no voice and no choice, even to choose who to marry. On the other hand, men and boys were considered born with divine supremacy over women. Only men could think and act right, and they enjoyed total influence over the women in their households and sometimes outside them. A man's power over women was absolute, omnipresent and unquestionable and our patriarchal society trained women to accept and live with it. Otherwise it was a taboo.
How can Côte d'Ivoire help its businesses and citizens acquire new technologies?
Anuella Hélaise is the winner of the blog post contest entitled À l'écoute de nos enfants (Listening to Our Children) organized by the World Bank office in Abidjan. The contest asked young high school students to express their views on Côte d'Ivoire's technology gap, the focus of the most recent economic update on Côte d'Ivoire.


The gloomy, hate-filled lives of a group of teenage guys in the south of Sweden suddenly turn around when one of the guys' hippie-like cousin shows up.
Regions are unavailable for this movie. Click the "Watch on Netflix" button to find out if Hata Göteborg is playing in your country.


TEDxYouth@NIS is just around the corner!
Join us at the Performing Arts Center this Saturday (Feb 18th) at 5pm.
Tickets every morning in the Center Foyer and with Mr Mello in room D204.
Grades 9 and up welcome!
Come see Frank Hossack on 'the return of the radio' and Stuart Ramsey on "Comfort Zones" — watch this space for more speakers tomorrow.
You can also register here to reserve your ticket.
The last Talent Show audition is at lunch time in the Music Room.
Email Willy Wang or Angela Lu if you can't attend but really want to participate.
The Talent Show is on February 24.
Cross-fit is continuing on Wednesdays at 6 a.m. and Saturdays at 10 a.m. for students, staff and parents. Please don't forget to sign up on Veracross. You have till February 27th to sign up if you are planning on attending any sessions this year.