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Proceedings Papers (26)
Proceedings Article (26)
Optical Methods in Vibration and Noise (4)
21st Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise (2)
26th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise (2)
10th ASME International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference (1)
17th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise (1)
1st International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (1)
20th Design Automation Conference (1)
22nd Biennial Mechanisms Conference: Flexible Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Analysis (1)
23rd Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise (1)
Laser Doppler vibrometers (26)
Vibration (11)
Frequency response (7)
Resonance (7)
Dynamics (Mechanics) (6)
Noise (Sound) (6)
Cantilevers (4)
Laser Doppler vibrometers
Operational Modal Analysis of a Rotating Structure Subject to Random Excitation Using a Tracking Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer via an Improved Demodulation Method
Linfeng Lyu, Weidong Zhu
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2021, Volume 10: 33rd Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Sound (VIB), V010T10A019, August 17–19, 2021
Paper No: DETC2021-67674
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2021-67674
A new operational modal analysis (OMA) method is developed for estimation of modal parameters (MPs) of a rotating structure (RS) subject to random excitation using a nonuniform rotating beam model, an image processing method, and an improved demodulation method. The solution to the governing equation of a nonuniform rotating beam is derived, which can be considered as the response of the beam measured by a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system. A recently developed tracking CSLDV system can track and scan the RS. The image processing method determines the angular position of the RS so that the tracking CSLDV system can sweep its laser spot along a time-varying path on it. The improved demodulation method obtains undamped mode shapes (UMSs) of the RS by multiplying its measured response by sinusoids whose frequencies are its damped natural frequencies (DNFs) that are obtained from the fast Fourier transform of the measured response. Experimental investigation of the OMA method using the tracking CSLDV system is conducted, and MPs of a rotating fan blade (RFB), including DNFs and UMSs, with different constant speeds and its instantaneous MPs with a non-constant speed are estimated. Estimated first DNFs and UMSs of the stationary fan blade and RFB are compared with those from the lifting method that was previously developed by the authors.
Topics: Laser Doppler vibrometers, Modal analysis, Random excitation, Rotating beams
Torsional and Translational Vibrations of a Drive Shaft System With a Cardan Joint
Richard L. Routson, John M. Starkey, Peishuh Wang, Patricia Davies
Proc. ASME. DETC92, 22nd Biennial Mechanisms Conference: Flexible Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Analysis, 533-542, September 13–16, 1992
Paper No: DETC1992-0422
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC1992-0422
A drive-shaft system was designed and built for studying the effects of a Cardan joint on torsional and translational shaft vibrations. The design of the system is described, and the results of a modal test are included. The system was also used to test the validity of a new optical torsional vibrometer. Measurements on the system indicate that (1) clearances significantly effect the torsional resonances, (2) second order responses due to the parametric variations in the Cardan joint dominate the response, and (3) the optical probe system shows promise as a non-contacting torsional and translational vibrometer.
Topics: Universal joints, Vibration, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Design, Probes, Resonance
Position Registration of Scanning Lasers for Experimental Spatial Dynamics Modeling
David E. Montgomery, Robert L. West
Proc. ASME. DETC94, 20th Design Automation Conference: Volume 1 — Dynamic Mechanical Systems; Geometric Modeling and Features; Concurrent Engineering, 337-342, September 11–14, 1994
Experimental spatial dynamics modeling involves using scanning lasers to sample surface shape and dynamic response of structures in order to verify structural dynamics design intent. Formation of accurate spatial models from laser-based measurements requires that laser position and orientation be registered relative to a fixed coordinate system. A three point direct registration procedure is defined for shape modeling using laser range and mirror deflection angles. Surface velocity measurements with a portable laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) also require registration, but range information is unavailable. A multiple point indirect registration algorithm for the LDV is described that involves minimizing three nonlinear equations. A simulated laser rangefinder (LRF) was developed for demonstrating three point direct registration. The 3-D geometry of a compressor housing was modeled by combining range data from multiple laser positions. The multiple point indirect registration was applied to 3-D velocity response field reconstruction of a composite plate from velocity measurements scanned at three separate positions.
Topics: Dynamics (Mechanics), Lasers, Modeling, Shapes, Velocity measurement, Algorithms, Composite materials, Compressors, Deflection, Design
The Laser Torsional Vibrometer: Successful Operation During Lateral Vibrations
Toby J. Miles, Margaret Lucas, Steven J. Rothberg
Proc. ASME. DETC95, Volume 3C: 15th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise — Vibration Control, Analysis, and Identification, 1451-1460, September 17–20, 1995
Torsional vibration of rotating shafts can contribute significantly to machinery noise and vibration levels. The Laser Torsional Vibrometer has been developed for accurate non-contact measurement of the torsional oscillation of rotating components, with advantages over conventional techniques. Its optical geometry offers inherent immunity to lateral shaft vibration in most cases but the instrument is sensitive to specific types of lateral shaft vibration under certain circumstances. Theory is presented to illustrate this effect on the Vibrometer measurements and close agreement with experimental results is found. The significance of this cross-sensitivity is discussed and illustrated with experimental results from two different engine applications, allowing the specification of optimum configurations to ensure effective immunity to all lateral vibration.
Topics: Laser Doppler vibrometers, Lasers, Vibration, Engines, Geometry, Instrumentation, Machinery, Noise (Sound), Oscillations
Experimental Spatial Power Flow Using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer
Jonathan D. Blotter, Robert L. West
An experimental spatial power flow (ESPF) method which computes the energy path continuously over the surface of a vibrating structure is presented. The ESPF method is a novel approach based on a spatially dense representation of the system's dynamics obtained by solving for the 3-D complex-valued velocity field from experimental data acquired by a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). Quintic B-spline surfaces used to represent the extracted velocity field allow the power flow to be computed continuously over the surface of the structure. The active and reactive power flow components are kept separate throughout the solution. To validate the ESPF concept, power flow results of a prescribed velocity field were compared with simulated experimental results. The power flow computed from the prescribed velocity field compared closely to the power flow computed from the simulated experimental results indicating the validity of the ESPF concept. The ESPF method was then applied to a simply supported thin steel plate. The experimental power flow results distinctly show the locations of the energy sources and sinks and identify the energy path in the plate.
Topics: Flow (Dynamics), Laser Doppler vibrometers, B-splines, Dynamics (Mechanics), Energy resources, Steel
Laser Vibrometry: The Effect of Speckle Size on Doppler Signal Phase and Amplitude Modulation
Matthew Denman, Neil A. Halliwell, Steven J. Rothberg
When coherent laser light is incident on a surface that is rough on the scale of the optical wavelength a speckle pattern is formed in the light which is backscattered. The performance of Laser Doppler Vibrometers is significantly influenced by changes which occur in the speckle pattern on the instrument's photodetector. This paper investigates experimentally how the ratio of photodetector size to speckle size affects both the phase and amplitude of the Doppler signal component of the photodetector output. This speckle induced signal modulation contributes noise in the instrument's output referred to as speckle noise. Minimisation of speckle noise is essential to lower the Laser Vibrometer noise floor and ensure reliable operation. Experimental data are presented in this paper to explore the combined effects of speckle size, photodetector size and speckle transition speed. Speckle noise is found to be minimised when a compromise in detector position is achieved between the competing effects of speckle size and speckle transition speed.
Topics: Lasers, Signals, Noise (Sound), Laser Doppler vibrometers, Sensors, Surface roughness, Wavelength
Application of Laser Vibrometry to Vibration Measurement on Rotating Components
Steven J. Rothberg, Neil A. Halliwell
This paper describes the application of Laser Doppler Vibrometry to vibration measurements on rotating targets. The noise generating mechanism of the laser speckle phenomenon is first explained before confirmation of the insensitivity of measurements to target shape. The principal focus of the paper is on the fundamental limitation associated with the use of Laser Vibrometers for radial vibration measurements directly on rotating components. In such measurements significant cross-sensitivities to speed fluctuations, including torsional vibrations, and in-plane vibrations are evident, preventing synchronous vibration analysis. Mathematical and electronic means to resolve the correct orthogonal vibration components are presented and shown to be successful in enabling the use of Laser Vibrometry for non-synchronous vibration measurements.
Topics: Lasers, Vibration measurement, Vibration, Fluctuations (Physics), Laser Doppler vibrometers, Laser speckle, Noise (Sound), Shapes, Vibration analysis
Modal Testing of Rotating Discs Using a Scanning LDV
Anthony B. Stanbridge, David J. Ewins
Proc. ASME. DETC95, Volume 3B: 15th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise — Acoustics, Vibrations, and Rotating Machines, 1207-1213, September 17–20, 1995
Modal testing of rotating structures is complicated by difficulty of access and by the fact that, if the source of excitation is fixed in space, responses occur at frequencies other than that of the excitation. This paper demonstrates the use of, and derives output equations for, a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) for response measurement. Examples are given of measurements using the LDV beam aimed (i) at a point fixed in space, (ii) at a fixed point on the disc, and (iii) rotating at a non-synchronous speed. The third technique is perhaps the most useful, enabling the circumferential spatial disc response, expressed in terms of travelling waves or orthogonal standing modes, to be directly derived at any speed, frequency or state of disc mistuning. The same technique, applied to a non-rotating disc, provides a simple qualitative measurement of the mode shape associated with each natural frequency. An example based on a centrifugal impeller is included.
Topics: Rotating disks, Testing, Disks, Excitation, Impellers, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Mode shapes, Traveling waves
Nonlinear Combination Resonances in Cantilever Composite Plates
Kyoyul Oh, Ali H. Nayfeh
Proc. ASME. DETC95, Volume 3A: 15th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise — Vibration of Nonlinear, Random, and Time-Varying Systems, 531-542, September 17–20, 1995
We experimentally investigated nonlinear combination resonances in a graphite-epoxy cantilever plate having the configuration (–75/75/75/ – 75/75/ – 75) s . As a first step, we compared the natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from the finite-element and experimental modal analyses. The largest difference in the obtained frequencies was 2.6%. Then, we transversely excited the plate and obtained force-response and frequency-response curves, which were used to characterize the plate dynamics. We acquired time-domain data for specific input conditions using an A/D card and used them to generate time traces, power spectra, pseudo-state portraits, and Poincaré maps. The data were obtained with an accelerometer monitoring the excitation and a laser vibrometer monitoring the plate response. We observed the external combination resonance Ω ≈ 1 2 ( ω 2 + ω 5 ) and the internal combination resonance Ω ≈ ω 8 ≈ 1 2 ( ω 2 + ω 13 ) , where the ω i are the natural frequencies of the plate and Ω is the excitation frequency. The results show that a low-amplitude high-frequency excitation can produce a high-amplitude low-frequency motion.
Topics: Cantilevers, Composite materials, Plates (structures), Resonance, Excitation, Accelerometers, Dynamics (Mechanics), Epoxy adhesives, Epoxy resins, Finite element analysis
Laser Vibrometry: The Complete 6 Degree-of-Freedom Model of Target Velocity Sensitivity
John R. Bell, Steven J. Rothberg
Proc. ASME. DETC99, Volume 7A: 17th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, 991-1001, September 12–16, 1999
Paper No: DETC99/VIB-8288
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC99/VIB-8288
This paper presents the first analysis of the velocity sensed by a single laser vibrometer beam incident in an arbitrary direction on a target that is of substantial interest in engineering — a rotating shaft requiring three translational and three rotational co-ordinates to describe its vibratory motion fully. Six separate vibration sets, each a combination of motion parameters, appear in the full expression for vibration velocity sensitivity and it is not possible to resolve individual motion components within each set by arrangement, or even manipulation, of beams. While unambiguous measurement of torsional vibration is possible, measurement of radial, pitch and yaw vibrations is only possible by post-processing. Application of the new theory includes straightforward extension to include measurements made with multiple beams, underlining the model's versatility in enabling the vibration engineer to determine the vibration component sensitivity of any measurement with any beam orientation.
Topics: Degrees of freedom, Engineers, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Lasers, Vibration, Yaw
Experimental Study of Cochlear Dynamics With an Intracochlear Acoustic Micro-Actuator
Sergiy Taylakov, I. Y. Shen
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2019, Volume 8: 31st Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, V008T10A006, August 18–21, 2019
An intracochlear lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) micro-actuator can complement a cochlear implant electrode array to rehabilitate hearing loss patients with enhanced speech recognition. The presence of the intracochlear micro-actuator has significantly altered the cochlear dynamics, because the actuation now results from the micro-actuator instead of the stapes. To understand sound induction mechanisms by the micro-actuator, we design a test rig that mimics the box model of a human cochlea. The test rig consists of two connected fluid canals, one aluminum membrane sandwiched between the canals, and a PZT thin-film micro-actuator. Frequency response functions of the micro-actuator and the aluminum membrane are measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer and a spectrum analyzer. Measurements are taken when the micro-actuator is in air, in a petri dish surrounded by oil, and in the fluid canals inside the test rig. When the micro-actuator is moved from the petri dish (i.e., an open environment) to the inside of the fluid canals (i.e., a closed environment), the natural frequency and static gain of the micro-actuator both drop significantly indicating substantial increase in stiffness and inertia. A possible reason for the change, which remains to be confirmed, is the squeeze film effect from the fluid between the micro-actuator and the aluminum membrane.
Topics: Acoustics, Dynamics (Mechanics), Microactuators, Canals, Fluids, Aluminum, Membranes, Cochlear implants, Design, Electrodes
A Round Robin Study: Detection of Damage in a Composite Plate With a Real-Time Moving Sensor Measurement Technique
Da-Ming Chen, Y. F. Xu, W. D. Zhu
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2018, Volume 8: 30th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, V008T10A043, August 26–29, 2018
A worldwide round robin study is sponsored by the Society of Experimental Mechanics to detect damage in a composite plate with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). The aim of this round robin study is to explore the potential of a SLDV for detection of damage in composite plates. In this work, a curvature-based damage detection method with use of a continuously SLDV (CSLDV) is proposed. A CSLDV can be regarded as a real-time moving sensor, since the laser spot from the CSLDV continuously moves on a structure surface and measures velocity response. An operating deflection shape (ODS) of the damaged composite plate can be obtained from velocity response by the demodulation method. The ODS of the associated undamaged composite plate is obtained by using polynomials to fit the ODS of the damaged plate. A curvature damage index (CDI) using differences between curvatures of ODSs (CODSs) associated with the ODSs from the demodulation method and the polynomial fit is proposed to detect damage. With the proposed curvature-based damage detection method, locations of two possible damage are detected in areas with consistently high CDI values at two excitation frequencies, which are in good agreement with prescribed damage locations.
Topics: Composite materials, Damage, Sensors, Polynomials, Deflection, Excitation, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Lasers, Plates (structures), Shapes
Experimental Assessment of Joint-Like Modal Models for Structures
Daniel J. Segalman, Matthew S. Allen, Melih Eriten, Kurt Hoppman
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2015, Volume 8: 27th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, V008T13A025, August 2–5, 2015
Several of the authors, and others, have explored the use of modal-like models for structures having nonlinearities associated with compressive joints (such as bolted connections.) In these models, the deformations are treated as consisting of modal expansions, but with the modal coordinates that evolving nonlinearly over time. There have been several theoretical treatments of this strategy and the authors report here on an early effort to confirm the approach through experiment. For this purpose simple structures consisting of pairs of plates were assembled using four bolted connections. The structures were excited by modal hammer at various locations and the modes identified by scanning laser vibrometer. In each case, multiple modes were excited and the evolution of modal coordinates was achieved by band-pass filtering at the relevant frequencies. Making some simple kinematic assumptions about relative deformations of the component plates and exploiting symmetries permits the mapping from ring-down of each mode to constitutive behavior of each joint. If the strategy of using joint-like modal models for bolted structures is valid, the joint constitutive models deduced from any mode should be adequate to predict the apparent, but nonlinear modal behavior at other resonances. Multiple test specimens were manufactured to assess this predictive capability in the context of part-to-part variability intrinsic to the dynamics of such structures.
Topics: Constitutive equations, Deformation, Dynamics (Mechanics), Filtration, Hammers, Kinematics, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Plates (structures), Resonance
A Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Continuous-Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry
Shifei Yang, David Ehrhardt, Matthew S. Allen
A Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) measures the laser Doppler frequency shift and converts it to the velocity at a point of a structure along the laser beam direction. In commercially available scanning LDV, the laser is redirected by a pair of orthogonal mirrors from one point to another, measuring the responses at these points sequentially. Continuous-Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry (CSLDV) is built on scanning LDV; the laser sweeps continuously over a structure while recording the response along the laser path. The continuous-scan approach can greatly accelerate modal testing, providing spatially detailed vibration shape of the structure at tens or even hundreds of points in the time that is required to measure the vibration at a single point. However, extracting vibration shapes from CSLDV measurements is challenging because the laser spot is continuously moving. This technical difficulty and the equipment cost have become the major barriers that prevent the widespread use of CSLDV. Several algorithms to extract vibration shapes have been developed since CSLDV was introduced. Ewins et al proposed a polynomial approach that treats the vibration shape along the laser scan path as a polynomial function of the laser position. The polynomial coefficients were found from the sideband harmonics in the frequency spectrum of the acquired velocity signal. Allen et al proposed a lifting approach that collects the measured responses at the same location along the laser path. The reorganized measurements appear to be from a set of pseudo transducers attached to the structure. Hence, the well-established conventional modal identification routines can be applied to process CSLDV measurement. Algorithms based on linear time periodic system identification theory were explored as well. These algorithms are based on the fact that the measured velocities along the laser path are the responses of a special liner time periodic system when a closed, periodic laser scan pattern is employed. For the first time, this work compares these signal processing techniques employed in different applications using the same set of data obtained from a cantilever beam. The noise and uncertainty in the reconstructed vibration shapes are discussed in order to present the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Topics: Lasers, Signal processing, Vibration, Shapes, Algorithms, Polynomials, Cantilever beams, Laser beams, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Mirrors
Experimental Verification of Ground-Based Response of a Spinning, Cyclic Symmetric, Rotor Assembled to a Flexible Stationary Housing via Multiple Bearings
W. C. Tai, I. Y. Shen
This paper is to present an experimental study that measures ground-based response of a spinning, cyclic, symmetric rotor-bearing-housing system. In particular, the study focuses on rotor-housing coupled modes that are significantly dominated by housing deformation. In the experiments, a ball-bearing spindle motor, carrying a disk with four evenly spaced slots (i.e., the rotor), is mounted onto a stationary housing. The housing is a square plate supported with steel spacers at four corners and fixed to the ground. Two different ways are used to excite the rotor-housing system to measure frequency response functions (FRFs). One is to use an automatic hammer tapping at the disk, and the other is to use a piezoelectric actuator attached to the housing. Vibration of the rotor and housing is measured via a laser Doppler vibrometer and a capacitance probe. The experiments consist of two parts. The first part is to obtain FRFs when the rotor is not spinning. The measured FRFs reveal two rotor-housing coupled modes dominated by the housing. Their mode shapes are characterized by one nodal line in housing and one nodal diameter in the rotor. The second part is to obtain waterfall plots when the rotor is spinning at various speeds. The waterfall plots show that the housing dominant modes split into primary branches and secondary branches as the spin speed varies. The primary branches almost do not change with respect to the spin speed. In contrast, the secondary branches evolve into forward and backward branches. Moreover, their resonance frequencies increase and decrease at four times of the spin speed. The measured results agree well with the predictions found in the authors' previous theoretical study [1].
Topics: Bearings, Rotors, Spin (Aerodynamics), Disks, Ball bearings, Capacitance, Corners (Structural elements), Deformation, Engines, Frequency response
Effects of Added Mass on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) Thin-Film Microactuators in Aqueous Environments
Chuan Luo, Chen-Wei Yang, G. Z. Cao, I. Y. Shen
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2013, Volume 1: 15th International Conference on Advanced Vehicle Technologies; 10th International Conference on Design Education; 7th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems, V001T09A006, August 4–7, 2013
In this paper, we conduct experimental and theoretical studies of a lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin-film microactuator probe submerged in water. The microactuator consists of a base silicon diaphragm, a layer of bottom electrode, a layer of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin film, and a layer of top electrode. The diaphragm is anchored on a silicon substrate by etching the silicon substrate from the back to form a cavity under the diaphragm. The diaphragm along with part of its anchor is then diced off from the silicon substrate to form a PZT probe and subsequently packaged with parylene. The probe tip has dimensions of 1 mm × 1 mm × 0.4 mm, while the diaphragm has dimensions of 800 μm × 800 μm × 2 μm. In the experimental study, frequency response functions of actuator displacement are measured via a laser Doppler vibrometer and a spectrum analyzer. The measurements show that the first natural frequency of the microactuator reduces from 80 kHz in air to 20 kHz when the microactuator is submerged in water. A literature search indicates that the surrounding water induces significant added mass to the microactuator. Estimation of the added mass based on theories in fluid mechanics successfully reconcile the predicted frequency to the vicinity of 20 kHz confirming the effects of added mass.
Topics: Microactuators, Thin films, Diaphragms (Mechanical devices), Diaphragms (Structural), Silicon, Probes, Water, Dimensions, Electrodes, Actuators
An Imperfect Microbeam Electrically Actuated: Experimental Investigation and Parameter Identification
Laura Ruzziconi, Ahmad M. Bataineh, Mohammad I. Younis, Stefano Lenci
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2012, Volume 5: 6th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems; 17th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference, 87-94, August 12–15, 2012
In this study we present a theoretical and experimental investigation of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The device is constituted of a clamped-clamped polysilicon microbeam electrostatically and electrodynamically actuated. The microbeam has imperfections in the geometry, which are related to the microfabrication process. Using a laser Doppler vibrometer, experimental testing based on forward and backward sweeps is conducted in a neighborhood of the first symmetric natural frequency. Our aim is that of introducing a simple mechanical model, which, despite the inevitable approximations, is able to catch and predict the most relevant aspects of the device response. Many parameters of the microbeam are unknown. Their values are identified by developing a parametric analysis, which is based on matching the experimental natural frequencies and the experimental frequency response diagrams. Extensive simulations are performed. Theoretical and experimental frequency responses are analyzed in detail at increasing values of electrodynamic excitation. A satisfactory concurrence of results is achieved, not only at low electrodynamic loads, but also at higher ones, when the escape (dynamic pull-in) becomes impending. This confirms that, despite the apparent simplicity, the proposed theoretical model is able to simulate the complex dynamics of the device accurately and properly.
Topics: Frequency response, Microbeams, Microelectromechanical systems, Approximation, Dynamics (Mechanics), Engineering simulation, Excitation, Geometry, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Microfabrication
Unifying Theory of Quantitative Atomic Force Microscopy Using Piezo Excitation in Liquids
Daniel R. Kiracofe, Arvind Raman
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2011, Volume 7: 5th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems; 8th International Conference on Design and Design Education; 21st Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Conference, 507-524, August 28–31, 2011
Base-excitation of microcantilevers using a dither piezoelectric element, also known as acoustic excitation, is one of the most popular methods for dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) because it is inexpensive, easy to use and does not require special cantilevers. However, in liquid environments there are problems using this method for quantitative force spectroscopy. The problems arise due spurious peaks in the driving spectrum (also known as "forest of peaks") caused by piezo and fluid cell resonances, as well as a large base motion, which make it very hard to quantify the exciting forces. Although some groups have tried to overcome these limitations, it is has generally been accepted that acoustic excitation is unsuitable for quantitative force spectroscopy in liquids. In this work the authors show that a thorough understanding of the excitation forces and base motions reveals a method by which quantitative analysis is in fact possible with acoustic excitation in liquid environments, thus opening this popular method for quantitative dynamic AFM in liquids. This method is validated by experiments using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, which can measure the actual base motion. Finally, the method is demonstrated by performing force spectroscopy on solvation shells of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) molecules on mica.
Topics: Atomic force microscopy, Excitation, Acoustics, Spectroscopy, Cantilevers, Fluids, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Microcantilevers, Resonance, Shells
Amplitude and Frequency Dependence of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio in LDV Measurements
Patrick F. O'Malley, Joseph F. Vignola, John A. Judge
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2011, Volume 1: 23rd Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, Parts A and B, 545-549, August 28–31, 2011
When making measurements using many sensors, it is expected that, within normal operating ranges, the signal-to-noise ratio is approximately linear (i.e. 20 dB/decade). This generality does not hold, however, when making measurements using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). If the velocity of the target of an LDV measurement increases by an order of magnitude, changes in the speckle pattern will introduce noise into the measurand. An experiment was conducted using an LDV system to measure the velocity response of a speaker excited over several orders of magnitude in both frequency and amplitude. Results are presented showing the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio and vibration amplitude.
Topics: Signal to noise ratio, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Noise (Sound), Sensors, Vibration
Excitation of Vibrational Eigenstates of Coupled Microcantilevers Using Ultrasound Radiation Force
Thomas M. Huber, Eric T. Ofstad, Samuel M. Barthell, Arvind Raman, Matthew Spletzer
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2008, Volume 4: 20th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology; Second International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems, 737-741, August 3–6, 2008
A coupled pair of 500 μm length microcantilevers was excited using the ultrasound radiation force. The excitation was produced using the difference frequency between the two sidebands of a double-sideband suppressed carrier AM (DSB-SC-AM) waveform centered on 500 kHz that was emitted by a focused ultrasound transducer. A laser Doppler vibrometer measured the frequency response and deflection shapes of the cantilever pair. The measured frequencies of the symmetric and antisymmetric eigenstates of the first transverse mode at 10 kHz excited using the ultrasound radiation force were consistent with frequencies measured using a scanning-probe microscopy system. The ultrasound radiation force was also used to excite the symmetric and antisymmetric eigenstates of the 60 kHz second transverse and 86 kHz first torsional modes. These results demonstrate the capability of using the ultrasound radiation force for excitation of structures in air that are significantly smaller, and with higher resonance frequencies, than in any previous study.
Topics: Excitation, Microcantilevers, Radiation (Physics), Ultrasound, Cantilevers, Deflection, Frequency response, Laser Doppler vibrometers, Resonance, Scanning probe microscopy


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Providing critical support to the UB and Buffalo Niagara research communities, the UB Technology Incubator is a groundbreaking facility that we are proud to own and help manage.
An internationally recognized composer thrives at UB, thanks in part to our key role in supporting an endowed chair.
By helping to support endowed chairs, we play a role in attracting some of the world's top researchers and leaders to UB—including Anne B. Curtis, MD.
The UB Foundation played a pivotal role in the creation of the Murchie Family Fieldhouse, including advancing funds that allowed construction to proceed earlier than anticipated, and administering donor gifts for the facility.
The UB Foundation proudly stewards donor gifts to UB's President's Circle, an ongoing program that supports key initiatives throughout the university.


Architecture, the mother of all arts, is about to occupy the main hall at the Durham Art Gallery this spring. Kimberley architect Peter Ferguson will be holding a retrospective of 21 years of work in a variety of design fields.
This is the Gallery's first presentation of architecture and curator Tony Massett is especially excited to have Ferguson's show as the kick-off.
Ferguson is principal of Ferguson Ferguson Architect North, based at Kimberley's former extension school (K - Gr 10) in the Beaver Valley. He and his brother John founded Ferguson Ferguson in 1984; the southern studio presently operates in Dundas, Ontario. The partnership's life has had two phases – City and Country. The first decade was spent on Toronto's Queen St W, producing primarily downtown urban projects; since '94 Ferguson has pursued projects throughout the Georgian Triangle district.
In addition to architecture, the show will focus on sculpture, graphic design and product manufacture. Special to this show, as well, will be the installation of a building in the Gallery and a performance piece at the opening.


This is the season of love on the holiday island of Langkawi. By this I mean the birds and the birds. You see this island undergo a pronounced dry season that is not experienced any where else on the peninsular Malaysia. This dry season will last for between 21/2 months to 31/2 months and usually begin around the last week of November until the first of last week of March with a longer spell during the al Niño year. This dry spell is very stressful for a rainforest and when trees of a rainforest do not get enough water they begin to flower. So while some trees need just three weeks of no rain to flower others may need 3 even 4 months for it to flower so the flowering season on Langkawi is staggered depending on the plants threshold to the dry condition.
Nevertheless for the first of our flowering plants comes the first of our fruit and for the first of our fruit comes the first or our seed and with the first seeds comes the first rains that are usually light, scattered, and far between days. as the weeks proceed the rains become heavier, covering more of the island and closer between days.
Then in the middle or late part of June we are hit by the first part of the south east Monsoons. Now the rains are much heavier, longer lasting, electrical and closer between days. This electrical show is over by august but there is a slight increase in rainfall, a little more in rain in September and a great increase in rainfall in October. In October we some time get 5 days and 5 nights of continuous rain with a break of one, two or three days before another 3 days and 3 nights of more rain. Such is October, mostly wet until the first week of November before everything tappers off rather quickly and at the end of November the start of the new dry season.
Likewise many animals choose the dry season as the season of love and courtship because when the babies arrive they arrive in time for the flowers, the fruit, the seeds, and when the rains return the greening processes long with this there are plenty of insect pollinators, fruit eating insects and during the greening processes there are the leaf eating insects. Which means plenty of food for the new arrivals, the parents and many others. So this is a great time for the nectarines, the fruit eaters and yes for those birds that that prey on small birds and animals too. A season of plenty has arrived on the island and it is the best time to be on the Island. Love is literally in the air so to speak.
On my next posting I will talk about the courtship and nesting habits of the Great Hornbill.


Описание: Lily Carter is your average American girl, all she ever wanted was a piece of the American dream and so she works as many jobs to keep up with her cell phone bills. Johnny Sins who is also trying to get a piece of the American dream sees an opportunity to get laid.
Понравился Наглая Сучка соблазнила учителя / Lily Carter (2011) SiteRip ПРОГОЛОСУЙ !


Esprit Origine Et Progres Des Institutions Judiciaires Des Principaux Pays De LEurope Volume 5 is good choice for you that looking for nice reading experience. We hope you glad to visit our website. Please read our description and our privacy and policy page.
Finally I get this ebook, thanks for all these Esprit Origine Et Progres Des Institutions Judiciaires Des Principaux Pays De LEurope Volume 5 can get now!


text:
AWS started way back in 2000 as a way to help other retailers manage e-commerce operations, but it soon expanded into much more when key project members managed to convince Bezos that improving and evolving Amazon's own infrastructure may hold the key to a new business model. In 2006, the product as we know it today launched into public availability and proved to be a pioneer for the entire cloud computing industry, offering cloud storage, hosting, and a suite of other tools for managing entire digital infrastructures in remote data centers. The division now pulls in roughly $6 billion every quarter and continues to grow at breakneck pace. It earned $17.5 billion in revenue in all of 2017 and regularly outperforms the company's entire North American retail division in terms of profit.
This service isn't just for packaged goods, either. Many stores offer shoppers the opportunity to order fresh produce, meats, dairy, and other groceries online and get these items delivered directly to their homes. In addition, many products that aren't necessarily found easily in stores can be found online — sometimes for a much cheaper price. You might even be able to take advantage of online rewards or cash-back offers, too.
Audible.com is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital audiobooks, radio and TV programs and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.[90]
In one brief keynote, the company announced a car infotainment device, yet more updates to the standard Echo speaker and Dot line, a subwoofer, a set of stereo amplifiers, a Chromecast Audio competitor, a smart wall clock, a smart plug, and a super-powered Slingbox-style device for over-the-air programming. Oh and lest we forget, Amazon also made a microwave with Alexa built in, using it as a model to start competing with companies like KitchenAid, LG, and Samsung by making Alexa the go-to voice assistant and AI hub for household appliances. In addition to building its own devices, the company also invests in startups through its Alexa Fund to scout new and promising entrants and product categories, and it's acquired quite a few of those companies — including security cam startup Blink and smart doorbell maker Ring — to ensure it has every corner of the smart home covered.
Raw Generation is a raw juice company that launched its ecommerce store through Shopify, only to experience little success in its first 6 months. But you know what they say, where there's a will there's a way, and owner, Jessica Geier, was determined to find it. Raw Generation used deal sites to take the company's monthly revenues from $8,000 to $96,000!
Vince Offer is a famous director, comedian, and commercial pitchman who made his name promoting the ShamWow. Using his natural charisma and his ability to add double entendres to his pitches, Vince turned the commercial into a major career move. The ShamWow itself is one of the most successful cleaning products on the market today, and Vince himself has gone on to pitch several other As Seen on TV products.
When it comes to which shopping holiday will save you more—Black Friday vs. Cyber Monday—for years, Black Friday dominated, a tried and true tradition for many deal-saavy families. However, as retailers have rolled out sales on Thanksgiving (and even earlier) and more people have gravitated to online shopping, Cyber Monday has become a big draw for those who want to forgo the early wake-up call and long lines, and shop from the comfort of their couch.
Amazon's home page provides three methods to start finding and buying items. The front page itself shows off featured items, and once the site starts learning your tastes, it will display products based on your history. To find a specific item, type in the search bar at the top of the page. Press "Enter" to search the entire catalog, or select from the drop-down menu set automatically to "All" to search a specific category, which also enables the "Refine" capability for more specific results. If you'd rather just window shop, click "Shop by Department," to pick a section to browse.
From $0 to $120,000 in monthly sales, Beardbrand.com is as incredible a story as they come. This is a company that lives and breathes the brand they've created, selling beard care products, beard grooming kits and other beard related propaganda. The owner of Beardbrand.com says it's his growth of such a unique, strong brand that's made him so successful.
Tobi is an international fast-fashion online retail destination serving young women in over 100 countries worldwide. We've been bringing West Coast style and laid back attitude to over 1.5 million Tobi babes since 2007, and we don't intend on stopping anytime soon. LA is fast-paced, forward-thinking, and fashion-centered at its core, and our products are designed and curated in the heart of LA, with these ideals in mind. We strive to bring customers the trendiest fashions fast -- from design concept to our site, tobi.com -- from our warehouse to our customers' doorstep. We aim to inspire the next generation of young women to be the best version of themselves, and to be confident in their own skin as well as their clothes. Tobi has thousands of styles, ranging from flouncy jumpsuits & rompers, essential bodysuits and trendy crop tops, to floor-grazing maxi dresses and form-fitting bodycon dresses, to sexy formal dresses and little black dresses. Tobi features homecoming dresses, prom dresses, bridesmaid dresses, sequin dresses and evening dresses of all cuts and colors, Tobi is your one-stop-shop for styles inspired by the latest fashions with that California flair! For babes on the go who love to have fun, and look good doing it: be the best you, and #ShopTobi.
Barnes & Noble sued Amazon on May 12, 1997, alleging that Amazon's claim to be "the world's largest bookstore" was false because it "...isn't a bookstore at all. It's a book broker." The suit was later settled out of court and Amazon continued to make the same claim.[36] Walmart sued Amazon on October 16, 1998, alleging that Amazon had stolen Walmart's trade secrets by hiring former Walmart executives. Although this suit was also settled out of court, it caused Amazon to implement internal restrictions and the reassignment of the former Walmart executives.[36]
Use voice commands to have Alexa search items in your order history and on Amazon's Choice list, and read you the products' names, prices and estimated delivery times. Once Alexa has found you the highest-rated and best-priced products, tell it to confirm your order and you're set. Watch for special promotional discounts that you can use to save money while voice ordering, and always ask for current Alexa Deals for exclusive savings.
While Amazon grew in the '90s largely thanks to its growing share of the print book market and its dominance of online book sales, it was its early investments in ebooks and e-readers that turned it into a digital publishing and book-selling powerhouse. Amazon began work on its first Kindle e-reader starting in 2004 under codename Fiona, with its internal Lab126 hardware division leading the product development process. The first device was released in November of 2007 and sold for $399. Amazon has since released numerous iterations of the Kindle, and it now dominates the e-reader market after edging out competing products from Barnes & Noble, Kobo, and others.
On January 22, 2018, Amazon Go, a store that uses cameras and sensors to detect items that a shopper grabs off shelves and automatically charges a shopper's Amazon account, was opened to the general public in Seattle.[54][55] Customers scan their Amazon Go app as they enter, and are required to have an Amazon Go app installed on their smartphone and a linked Amazon account to be able to enter.[54] The technology is meant to eliminate the need for checkout lines.[56][57][58] Amazon Go was initially opened for Amazon employees in December 2016.[59][60][61] In August 2018, the second Amazon Go store opened its doors.[62][63]
In addition to pulling in hosting revenue from companies like Disney, Netflix, and Spotify, AWS is also the backbone of the company's own internal infrastructure and the underlying foundation for its Alexa digital voice assistant. It is a major competitor to Microsoft and its Azure platform, as well as Google's cloud computing division and the cloud businesses of IBM and Oracle. AWS is so important to the integrity of the apps and websites we use that a rare S3 outage, which is the web hosting pillar of AWS, took out large swaths of the internet.
We believe that good fashion at affordable prices is a right that every woman should have. With this goal in mind, we strive to bring together everyday closet staples that you can return to time and again and special occasion dresses and professional clothing for women. Browse our collection of trendy women's clothing to find your perfect piece, no matter the event or occasion.
After locating the product in Amazon's catalog, a seller will be prompted to enter information about its quality. It's important to be as truthful and accurate as possible when describing the item as one of the following: new, used-like new, used-very good, used-good or used-acceptable. You can also provide a note with pertinent details about the item. For example, you can explain that a book is in good condition save a few folded pages.
The company was founded as a result of what Jeff Bezos called his "regret minimization framework," which described his efforts to fend off any regrets for not participating sooner in the Internet business boom during that time.[19] In 1994, Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co., a Wall Street firm, and moved to Seattle, Washington, where he began to work on a business plan[20] for what would become Amazon.com.
In early 2018, President Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon's use of the United States Postal Service and pricing of its deliveries, stating, "I am right about Amazon costing the United States Post Office massive amounts of money for being their Delivery Boy," Trump tweeted. "Amazon should pay these costs (plus) and not have them bourne [sic] by the American Taxpayer."[167] Amazon's shares fell by 6 percent as a result of Trump's comments. Shepard Smith of Fox News disputed Trump's claims and pointed to evidence that the USPS was offering below market prices to all customers with no advantage to Amazon. However, analyst Tom Forte pointed to the fact that Amazon's payments to the USPS are not public and that their contract has a reputation for being "a sweetheart deal".[168][169]
Browse, search, get product details, read reviews, see immersive product images and videos and shop for millions of products available from Amazon.com and other merchants. With the Amazon TV app, you will be able to enjoy a lean back shopping experience on the largest screen in your house, using just your Fire TV remote. Search for products using text; use filters and change sorters to find the product you want. Browse through immersive large product images and videos. In addition to basic product information such as title, price, byline, seller, Prime badge and product description, you will also be able to see the delivery promise, availability, star ratings and customer reviews. Discover other products through the "Customers also bought" widget on the detail page. Browse through campaigns from various product categories (including Fashion, Electronics, Amazon Devices, Beauty, Toys and Home) on the app gateway and click through to get to the product detail page. Browse through your wish lists on the app. Once you select a product you want to buy, you can checkout the product or save it to the wish list for future consideration or to review later on your phone or computer. During checkout, you can choose your preference from the available shipping options, saved payment methods and address book. You can also redeem your existing gift card and promotional balances to make the purchase. After you make the purchase, sit back and relax, the Amazon package will be delivered straight to your door. All purchases are routed through Amazon's secure servers.
But one of the biggest differences between Cyber Monday and Black Friday remains: the style of shopping, says Vice President of PR and Events at Slickdeals, Regina Conway. "For example, we see more sitewide discounts or category-wide discounts on Cyber Monday, whereas Black Friday will often have very specific products such as electronics and home goods at deep, deep discounts," she says. "However, more merchants have started advertising specific product deals on Cyber Monday and vice versa, so the holidays are starting to have more crossover."
Amazon.com operates retail websites for Sears Canada, Bebe Stores, Marks & Spencer, Mothercare, and Lacoste. For a growing number of enterprise clients, including the UK merchants Marks & Spencer, Benefit Cosmetics' UK entity, edeals.com and Mothercare, Amazon provides a unified multichannel platform where a customer can interact with the retail website, standalone in-store terminals or phone-based customer service agents. Amazon Web Services also powers AOL's Shop@AOL.[citation needed]
The domain amazon.com attracted at least 615 million visitors annually by 2008.[119] Amazon attracts over 130 million customers to its US website per month by the start of 2016.[120] The company has also invested heavily on a massive amount of server capacity for its website, especially to handle the excessive traffic during the December Christmas holiday season.[121]
As it stands today, Amazon employs more than half a million people, more so than any other technology company in the country and second only to Walmart in the US. But the eventual result of its investments in robotics and AI is that technology's biggest and fast-growing workforce could see that growth start to slow and, perhaps years down the line, even shrink as robots tackle ever more complicated tasks. In the process, the company may develop robots for use outside its fulfillment centers. Amazon has already changed how we shop and, by extension, how we live our lives. Its next big step could be changing how we work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The goal of our 12-person Canadian study, designed similarly to the Swiss study completed by MAPS, was to learn if we could replicate the outstanding results of MAPS' U.S. study. This was the first clinical psychedelic study in Canada since the mid-1970s.
Ingrid Pacey, MBBS, FRCP(C), a psychiatrist and certified Grof Holotropic Breathwork practitioner, was the Principal Investigator conducting this study. Dr. Pacey is an experienced therapist who worked with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy prior to its criminalization and shares a theoretical orientation with our U.S. and Swiss teams.
This study had full approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Health Canada, and the U.S. FDA. Data was also submitted under MAPS' U.S. IND #63,384.
An amended protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board on July 12, 2013, and by Health Canada on September 6, 2013. This study has completed all treatments.
Dr. Ingrid Pacey comes from a Lithuanian family which migrated to Australia in 1949. She came to Canada in 1967 after completing medical school at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. She received her psychiatric training at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, graduating in 1972. While in medical school, she witnessed LSD psychotherapy in a psychiatric setting as part of her training. Her private practice in Vancouver became focused on psychotherapy for trauma survivors, particularly women who had been sexually abused as children. From 1987 - 1990, she trained with Dr. Stanislav and Christina Grof in Holotropic Breathwork. Over the next 14 years, she went on to pioneer the use of Holotropic Breathwork with trauma survivors, observing the special needs of people with PTSD when working in Holotropic Breathwork groups. Through this work she came to see the value of working with non-ordinary states of consciousness for people suffering from PTSD. Dr. Pacey continues to practice psychiatry in Vancouver, and she has lectured in Canada and the US.


I called this stew "multivitamin" because it contains many vegetables that are beneficial to your health. Vegetables were chosen to complement both their health benefits and flavor.
Clean and wash all vegetables , then chop them in the shape and size desired.
stirring a little bit after each vegetable added, and continue adding the rest of vegetables too, one after the other.
Then, add warm water to cover them, add salt, black pepper and coriander (gives very good taste to the food).
Then cook until all vegetables are cooked and the water level drops.


Apologies for the delay, but these are the "Stars of the Week" from 21st November!
Badgers - Freya for being an enthusiastic learner all week and challenging herself.
Hedgehogs - Luca- amazing writing meeting challenges and checking through his work.
Owls - Gemma and Eva - for an excellent friendship recipe.
Otters - Rhiannon - for superb analysis of materials and their properties.
Not all the Stars were aware they had won the award, hence the delay in posting.


Naturally Sweet Sisters: It's a Give - Away Day!!!
It's a Give - Away Day!!!
Dishing It Up Disney Style : A Cookbook for Families with Type 1 Diabetes by Lilly Diabetes.
While I really wanted one of these books, I was saddened by the fact that the only place I could find it was on the Amazon website where it was being sold for $10.00. Lilly Diabetes does not charge for these books and distributes them freely to most hospitals and endocrinologist offices. Making a profit just seems to be in poor taste.
Last weekend, our local JDRF branch held a 'Diabetes Today and Tomorrow' Conference. The beginning of the conference was set up to include a vendor booth area where anyone interested in distributing diabetes product information could meet with patients and families.
Luckily for me - Lilly reps were in attendance. Even better, they had a small pile of books including; Dishing It Up Disney Style. I took two books, one for our family and one for a Naturally Sweet Sisters reader.
1.) Leave a comment on this blog page telling why you love Disney.
2.) Like our facebook page.
To "like" the facebook page, click https://www.facebook.com/pages/Naturally-Sweet-Sisters/205072552896720. If you already "like" the facebook page, than you are all set. Just be sure to leave a comment on this post.
The contest is open until Sunday, May 26th, 2013 at 11:59 p.m. EST. I will announce the lucky winner on Monday, May 27th, 2013. Special thanks to Lily Diabetes for making such a cool book and being so gracious in providing Naturally Sweet Sisters with two copies.
I have been to Disney twice, but never with my kids! I can't wait to take them! The parade is the best part!
I've been looking for this book since Amy was diagnosed. Lilly is finally releasing them in Canada (although not sure about the cookbook).
I love Disney because they take the time to make partnerships for this like this, and have things like the GAP. Can't wait to take the girls there.
I have never been to Disney but we are hoping to take our girl in 2014. I love the fact that they are so accommodating for those who need it. I also love that they put programs and books out to help kids with T1D. The fact that they've partnered with Lilly is great! I only hope the books will be available in Canada soon so we can read them too!
A Lilly Rep told me that most Endo offices should have the Cocoa books by the end of this month. I'm not sure about the cookbook though.


This artfully crafted brick and stone estate like home showcases superior design, peerless craftsmanship and transitional functionality. Worthy of perfection, this home has all you can desire! It's open floor plan is complimented by attention to every detail. Decadent gourmet kitchen hosting custom cabinetry, professional grade appliances, center island with prep sink, walk-in pantry and adjoining eating area. Impressive two story entryway, formal dining room, turret styled living room and expansive family room accented by fireplace. Master bedroom retreat boasts spa-like bath. First floor office/optional 5th bedroom, second floor bonus room, dueling staircases, 4 car garage and the list goes on and on! Spectacular walk-out basement with recreation area, game area, bar, full bath and plenty of storage. Oasis like grounds offer expansive deck, professional landscape and water feature! Close to everything: Hersey HS, parks, shopping and transportation!


text:
Q: Python Web-Scraper using BeautifulSoup - Find the right html line for the information im looking for I just switched from C to Python and to get some practice I want to code a simple web-scraper for price comparison.
It works so far that the program goes to every website I tell it to, and it gives me the information of the website back as html.
But when I try to tell BeautifulSoup to just find the prices, the output is 'None'.
So I think that the html address, I am passing to BeautifulSoup as the price information is wrong.
I would be really grateful if anyone could help me with that problem or just has some tips and tricks for a beginner!
I will add my python code and the link to the website since it looks kinda messy if I put the html code here, just tell me if you need anything more.
Thank you!
https://www.momox.de/offer/9783833879500
I would just need the part where it says 8,87€ (or whatever €, price is changing constantly), but looks like i got the wrong part of the html code..
 import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def GetISBN():
    Lagerbestand = open("ISBN.txt", "r")
    for ISBN in Lagerbestand.readlines():
        url = f'https://www.momox.de/offer/{ISBN}'
        page = requests.get(url)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(page.content, 'html.parser')
        price= soup.find('div',attrs={'class':'text-center text-xxl font-medium searchresult-price'})
        print(price)
    Lagerbestand.close()

GetISBN()

The ISBN.txt is a file with 1 article number per line (This part works)

A: The price is loaded with Ajax request from external URL. You can use this example how to load it using requests module:
import json
import requests

api_url = "https://api.momox.de/api/v4/offer/"
params = {"ean": "9783833879500"}  # <--- change this to your EAN
headers = {
    "X-API-TOKEN": "2231443b8fb511c7b6a0eb25a62577320bac69b6",
    "X-CLIENT-VERSION": "r5299-76accf6",
    "X-MARKETPLACE-ID": "momox_de",
}

data = requests.get(api_url, params=params, headers=headers).json()

# uncomment this to print all data:
# print(json.dumps(data, indent=4))

print(data["price"])

Prints:
11.44

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Update data in web and save it in CSV file I have made a table that has a Edit and Delete
the data inside the table is coming from CVF file I am not using database here.
what i need to do is when i click the Edit it will allow me to edit the row where the clicked edit place and when i save it, it will update the table and also the data in CSV file.
How can i do that. I am using codeigniter here
I tried this code but its not working.
function Edit()
        {
            var par = $(this).parent().parent(); //tr
            var f1 = par.children("td:nth-child(1)");
            var f2 = par.children("td:nth-child(2)");
            var f3 = par.children("td:nth-child(3)");
            var f4 = par.children("td:nth-child(4)");
            var f5 = par.children("td:nth-child(5)");
            var f6 = par.children("td:nth-child(6)");
            var f7 = par.children("td:nth-child(7)");
            var f8 = par.children("td:nth-child(8)");
            var f9 = par.children("td:nth-child(9)");
            var f10 = par.children("td:nth-child(10)");
            var f11 = par.children("td:nth-child(11)");
            var f12 = par.children("td:nth-child(12)");
            var f13 = par.children("td:nth-child(13)");
            var f14 = par.children("td:nth-child(14)");
            var f15 = par.children("td:nth-child(15)");
            var f16 = par.children("td:nth-child(16)");

            var fbtn = par.children("td:nth-child(17)");

            f1.html("<input type='text' id='txtf1' value='"+f1.html()+"'/>");
            f2.html("<input type='text' id='txtf2' value='"+f2.html()+"'/>");
            f3.html("<input type='text' id='txtf3' value='"+f3.html()+"'/>");
            f4.html("<input type='text' id='txtf4' value='"+f4.html()+"'/>");
            f5.html("<input type='text' id='txtf5' value='"+f5.html()+"'/>");
            f6.html("<input type='text' id='txtf6' value='"+f6.html()+"'/>");
            f7.html("<input type='text' id='txtf7' value='"+f7.html()+"'/>");
            f8.html("<input type='text' id='txtf8' value='"+f8.html()+"'/>");
            f9.html("<input type='text' id='txtf9' value='"+f9.html()+"'/>");
            f10.html("<input type='text' id='txtf10' value='"+f10.html()+"'/>");
            f11.html("<input type='text' id='txtf11' value='"+f11.html()+"'/>");
            f12.html("<input type='text' id='txtf12' value='"+f12.html()+"'/>");
            f13.html("<input type='text' id='txtf13' value='"+f13.html()+"'/>");
            f14.html("<input type='text' id='txtf14' value='"+f14.html()+"'/>");
            f15.html("<input type='text' id='txtf15' value='"+f15.html()+"'/>");
            f16.html("<input type='text' id='txtf16' value='"+f16.html()+"'/>");
            fbtn.html("Save");

            $(".btnSave").bind("click", Save);
            $(".btnEdit").bind("click", Edit);
            $(".btnDelete").bind("click", Delete);
        };

A: There are multiple ways of doing that:
1. Edit -> Row Edit Formular -> POST

*

*add row id to edit link, so that clicking the edit link opens a edit row form

*edit row form is served by a function edit($id) via codeigniter

*

*prepare input fields for all columns

*add submit button

*the form target of the edit form is the update() function

*the update() function accepts the POST values and contains the logic to update the csv file

2. Edit-In-Place -> Ajax POST

*

*you need to get the "edit row" thing done.
you might use one of the "jquery edit-in-place" javascripts for that

*when you are able to edit the table live, then the next step is to get the "edit-in-place" Ajax working. you might want to use an ajax post of the entered row values to your update action URL

*update action URL = you need an updateCSV() function on codeigniter side
this function accepts the values and contains the CSV write logic (or utilizes a helper for that).

For the "Table-Column-Edit" i suggest the jQuery Plugin "x-editable". It's easy to setup.

*

*find it at http://vitalets.github.io/x-editable/

*general demo: http://vitalets.github.io/x-editable/demo-bs3.html

*important is the "id per row", see usage of data-pk as shown in http://jsfiddle.net/xBB5x/63/

*you will need to set ajax options put to send the data, like here: http://jsfiddle.net/xBB5x/38/

*have fun implementing it, it's pretty cool, when it works :)


text:
Bay Area Coronavirus
SFBay morning Covid-19 update: Marijuana dispensaries reopen, SJSU student tests positive
San Francisco officials announced Tuesday that dispensaries could reopen.
Bay City News March 18, 2020
11 minutes reading
Following the closure of marijuana dispensaries and delivery services in San Francisco per the regionwide shelter-in-place order that began Tuesday in response to the novel coronavirus, city officials announced the businesses could reopen.
Mayor London Breed said during a news conference at City Hall late Tuesday:
"The Department of Public Health today clarified that since marijuana has medical uses, dispensaries will be allowed to operate as essential businesses just as pharmacies are allowed to do."
The health department initially ordered dispensaries and delivery services closed Monday night.
Under the three-week stay-at-home order, grocery stores and pharmacies, among other businesses, were listed as essential businesses that could stay open, but the order didn't identify cannabis dispensaries.
Advocates with San Francisco-based cannabis advocacy organization Cal NORML called for their reopening Tuesday morning, citing severely ill patients who needed access to medication.
Supervisor Matt Haney said on Twitter in response to the reopening:
"SFDPH has reversed their position."
Haney had earlier voiced support for the reopening of cannabis businesses:
"We know cannabis has medicinal value for so many people and should remain open. They'll be open for delivery and pick up."
SJSU student tests positive
A San Jose State University student has tested positive for novel coronavirus, the university said in a message to the campus Tuesday night.
The student lives off-campus and is recovering from home, according to university officials, who will not be providing further information about the student. The university suspended all in-person classes last week.
The campus message said:
"In moments like these, the university will protect the privacy rights of individual students while also ensuring the health of our broader community. … SJSU will determine whether there are members of the campus community that need to be advised of their contact with this individual."
SJSU is located in Santa Clara County, the worst-affected region in the Bay Area. The county announced its fifth death due to coronavirus Tuesday, and said cases have increased to 155. Along with neighboring counties, it began a shelter-in-place order Tuesday that will remain in effect until at least April 7.
Giants pledge $1 million toward stadium workers
The San Francisco Giants announced the establishment of a $1 million fund on Tuesday to support Oracle Park event staff during Major League Baseball's 2020 season postponement due to the spread of novel coronavirus.
The ball club plans to ask its ownership group and business partners to contribute to the fund, in addition to its $1 million pledge. The league's other 29 teams have also expressed their intent to launch similar funds for event staff as the coronavirus' spread prompts bans of large gatherings across the country.
Giants President and CEO Larry Baer said in a statement:
"Our event staff is the heart and soul of Oracle Park. … During these challenging times, we want to provide peace of mind and support to our event staff employees so they can focus on their family and loved ones."
MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred announced Monday that the league would push opening day back to mid-May at the earliest, following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's release of revised coronavirus guidelines restricting events of more than 50 people for the next two months.
The city and county of San Francisco also announced a shelter-in-place order Monday that will last through April 7, and potentially much longer, further restricting the ability of Oracle Park event staff to work and earn income.
The Giants plan to finish finalizing the details of the fund in the coming days and will communicate the details directly with event staff.
Oakland shutters government buildings
Government buildings will be closed to the public and parking enforcement will be limited in Oakland during a regionwide shelter-in-place order that went into effect Tuesday in response to the spread of novel coronavirus.
Civic Center at Frank H. Ogawa Plaza will be closed, and members of the public can only access City Hall and other buildings by appointment or for public meetings.
Parking meters and time-limited parking will not be enforced, but enforcement of parking violations and towing will continue for red curbs, street sweeping, crosswalk blocking, wheelchair ramp obstruction, unauthorized used of disabled placards and other public safety concerns.
Oakland police, fire, emergency personnel and other essential services will continue to operate during the shelter-in-place order.
Interim City Administrator Steven Falk said in a news release:
"We recognize these closures and service modifications have direct impacts on our employees and the community we serve. … It is our goal to keep employees working – remotely where possible – to the greatest extent possible and consistent with public health guidance, and to ensure that first responders have the resources and support they need so they can continue to best serve the residents of Oakland."
The shelter-in-place order was instituted across Alameda County and its neighboring regions Tuesday, and will remain in effect until at least April 7.
Local theater goes dark amid virus fears
The impact of Covid-19 coronavirus is having a devastating effect on Bay Area theater companies, with cancellations, postponements, and a general sense of anxiety sending waves of uncertainty throughout the industry.
Under orders from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and local municipalities enforcing shelter-in-place edicts, one theater organization after another has been shuttered, with closures affecting top professional companies and community theaters alike — while representatives on all sides say that staying in business is going to be a monumental challenge in the weeks and months to come.
In San Francisco, the American Conservatory Theater has canceled its remaining performances of "Gloria" and "Toni Stone." Berkeley Repertory Theatre has gone on hiatus through April 15, canceling "Culture Clash (Still) in America" and "School Girls; Or, the African Mean Girls Play." Both companies have pledged to make recordings of these productions available to ticket-holders.
Dozens of other companies, from San Francisco Playhouse to San Jose's City Lights Theater, have canceled or postponed shows.
At Berkeley's Aurora Theatre, the company had just begun rehearsals for Joe Orton's "Loot" when the shutdown order arrived. In an interview earlier this week, Artistic Director Josh Costello said there was no choice but to comply, although letting the cast, crew, director and designers go was painful:
"It's a really big hit. … and what I'm most worried about is the artists. It's not like they can find jobs at other theaters right now."
Shuttering also meant canceling a rare revival of "Loot," which has been seldom seen in the Bay Area. Costello said that actor Danny Scheie had traveled to England to visit the Orton archives and had researched an uncensored manuscript of the play. He and artistic director emeritus Tom Ross had been poring over it, said Costello:
"It was going to be the first time in America that this dialogue was heard."
Now, Costello's not sure when — or if — Aurora will return to it.
Marilyn Langbehn, executive artistic director of El Cerrito's Contra Costa Civic Theatre, faced a similar hard decision with her company's new production of Kenneth Lonergan's "The Waverly Gallery." The show's tech rehearsal was March 8; within the next few days, she was forced to cancel the show's opening night.
Like Costello, she's unsure if the production can be revived. Her venue, she explained, has events on the schedule fifty weeks a year, with children's classes and drama camps filling many slots; the next open date was May 1.
Langbehn said:
"Now everyone's playing Tetris to see what can be done. … If there's a way to salvage it, we will."
Patrick Dooley, founder and artistic director of Berkeley's Shotgun Players, was readying a new production of Shakespeare's "Henry V" when the orders came down. The show was 24 hours away from its first performance, and Dooley said reviving it post-shutdown is unlikely:
"It's a large cast. … and maintaining salaries and costs, and keeping people here who have plans for the summer would make it next to impossible."
Susan Evans, the director of Lafayette's Town Hall Theatre, echoed Dooley's concerns. Her company was six performances into Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" when the shutdown came; the remaining six performances were canceled. Evans said:
"It was a huge blow, financially and emotionally. … and it's really not something we can go back to."
Theatergoers are often unaware of what goes into a production — we see actors onstage and occasionally meet the director. But productions depend on scenic, lighting, and costume designers, fight directors, house staff, box office managers and more. "Waverly" has a five-member cast, notes Langbehn, but the production reflected the work of more than forty people.
Each director said that theater closures are making the future uncertain. Langbehn said:
"It's such uncharted territory. … We're all making it up as we go."
Dooley agreed. There's a lot of anxiety in the theater community these days, he said; this year's state Assembly Bill 5, which affects gig workers including those in theater, has added a layer of complication, where losing a single production can break individuals and companies:
"When you cut salaries back, you know people are going to leave and get other jobs. … I used to wait tables — now restaurants are closing, too."
At Shotgun, he's planning to cut design expenses, "put the resources where we can, do simple, spare productions." Shakespeare turned to writing sonnets when the Globe Theater closed during the bubonic plague, notes Dooley, who said he's contemplating a recording series with Shotgun actors reading those works.
What can theater lovers do? Donate pre-ordered tickets back, or make one-time cash donations; consider subscribing to next season now.
And, as Langbehn said:
"When this is over, come back."
While each director said their companies are considering streaming, web casts, and recordings in lieu of live performances, at least one said that small companies are much less likely to obtain streaming rights.
And streaming, Evans said, always remains a second choice:
"In the short term, maybe. … But it can never take the place of live theater. Live theater is a communal experience. If you take half of it away, you've lost a big chunk of it."
SF accelerates hiring of healthcare workers
In response to the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, San Francisco Mayor London Breed on Tuesday issued a declaration to expedite the hiring of more healthcare workers.
The city will fill 100 nursing vacancies through invitation-only hiring events, with a focus on emergency and intensive care unit nurses, according to the declaration. New nurses could be hired on-the-spot instead of going through the normal six-month long hiring process.
Dr. Susan Philip, San Francisco Department of Public Health deputy health doctor, said during a news conference along with Mayor Breed late Tuesday:
"Healthcare workers are courageously on the frontlines keeping our community safe and healthy every day."
Philip said:
"Today's action will allow us to bring on more nurses quickly to be prepared to meet the demands of the response and to augment and support the workforce that is already there in place working hard every day, often overtime, extra days in order to staff our hospitals and clinics."
In response to the first day of the three-week stay-at-home order, which took effect Tuesday for San Francisco and several other Bay Area counties, San Francisco Police Department Police Chief Bill Scott said officers began doing bar and restaurant checks at midnight.
Scott said:
"I'm happy to report we had no issues last night. I can't guarantee that we checked every bar in The City but we checked every bar that we could and every restaurant that we could, and I'm very pleased to say that by and large San Francisco is adhering to this order."
Scott reminded residents that non-compliance with the order could result in a misdemeanor, if enforced:
"As a last resort, we will be prepared to enforce."
Mayor Breed thanked residents for following the shelter-in-place order as the number of confirmed citywide cases rose to 43 on Tuesday, however, she also cautioned citizens to be prepared for changing circumstances:
"We should prepare for the fact that kids may not be able to go back to school and finish up the school year, and what are the alternatives? … This is significant and we want people to understand the severity."
Mayor Breed also clarified that the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency would waive tickets issued Tuesday related to street sweeping and stop issuing them for the time being. But she asked residents who are able to move their cars to do so:
"It helps us to continue to keep the streets clean as much as we possibly can."
Additionally, earlier in the day, Breed announced the city would place a moratorium on commercial evictions for small and medium-size businesses unable to pay rent as a result of being impacted by the virus.
Palo Alto offers utility relief
Palo Alto is introducing a support call center and utility payment relief programs for residents on Wednesday as it responds to the spread of novel coronavirus in the Bay Area's epicenter for the pandemic, Santa Clara County.
The city will implement a temporary ban on shut-offs for nonpayment, extend repayment plans and expand rate assistance programs based on medical and financial need. Residents can also access an existing program, Project Pledge, to support one-time bill payment funded by customer donations.
Santa Clara County announced its fifth death from coronavirus on Tuesday, and an updated number of 155 infected patients. It is currently the worst-affected region in the Bay Area, and has been joined by nearly every neighboring county in implementing shelter-in-place orders through April 7.
Essential services will remain open, like hospitals, pharmacies, gas stations and grocery stores, but other stores and businesses will be closed.
The community support call center will be activated Wednesday at (650) 272-3181, and will be open Monday to Friday between 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. The city's online hub for information related to coronavirus at www.cityofpaloalto.org/coronavirus.
420 American Conservatory Theater Aurora Theatre Berkeley Repertory Theatre City Lights Theater City of Oakland Contra Costa Civic Theatre coronavirus COVID-19 front marijuana Palo Alto performing arts public health San Francisco San Francisco Department of Public Health San Francisco Giants San Francisco Playhouse San Jose State University Shotgun Players SJSU theater
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Korean Digital Currency Bill to Launch Shortly but Government Has Concerns
The bill to provide a legal framework for digital currencies including bitcoin in South Korea is set to be introduced this month. However, the government still has a number of concerns and needs more in-depth research, as outlined at a parliamentary hearing on Monday.
Also read: South Korea Legalizes Bitcoin International Transfers, Challenging Traditional Banks
Bill Prepared to Launch This Month
At the end of this month, an amendment bill for the Electronic Financial Transaction Act will be introduced by Rep. Park Yong-jin, a member of the Democratic Party, according to local publications on Tuesday. News of him preparing this bill which will address digital currency was first reported earlier this month.
On Tuesday July 18, Park held a legislative hearing to discuss digital currency at the National Assembly Library in Seoul. Public opinions were gathered which he plans to incorporate into the bill he is drafting, News1 Korea reported, and quoted him saying (loosely translated):
Korea still has no legal basis or definition for virtual currency, so it cannot support and nurture it. Without timely financial authorities' measures, damage to virtual currencies will increase and opportunities for its upbringing will be missed.
"While you can see virtual money as a new type of money, you need to look at it as a speculation or an investment," commented Han Kyung-soo, a lawyer who attended the hearing. "You need a minimum amount of protection," he added, referring to regulations for consumer protection.
Bitcoin Discussed at Parliamentary Hearing
Choi Jong-gu
Just one day before Park's public hearing, South Korea's former deputy finance minister and the nominee to become the country's top financial regulator, Choi Jong-gu, gave a progress report on digital currency to Parliament. Choi served in the finance ministry for about three decades and was recently picked by President Moon Jae-in to head the Financial Services Commission (FSC).
Responding to Parliament's inquiries at the hearing which took place at the National Assembly, Choi explained that the government has not set up any regulatory system for digital currencies. "We are starting discussions with other relevant ministries such as the Financial Supervisory Commission and we need in-depth research," he said, as reported by Kpinews. He then detailed:
Consumer protection, illegal transactions, criminal abuses, and other problems related to virtual currency transactions are starting to show up. We are concerned about whether the financial authorities should be actively involved in the regulation.
Meanwhile, South Korea has recently legalized bitcoin international transfers in order to boost the fintech sector. The move came soon after cryptocurrency trading volumes strongly surged in the country, and an official task force was set up to determine if bitcoin should be regulated at all.
Even with all of the progress in the area of cryptocurrency regulation, Choi told Parliament that "there is a view that it may pass like the tulip investment bubble in Europe," reported Seoul Finance.
What do you think the Korean government will do about bitcoin? Let us know in the comments section below.
Images courtesy of Shutterstock and Wire
bill, Bitcoin, bitcoin legalization, Bitcoin regulation, Cryptocurrency, ether, Ethereum, Finance Minister, finance ministry, Japan, N-Economy, south korean
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On the first day of the U.S. Supreme Court's final week of its current term, it sent an affirmative action case to a lower court and decided to take a case involving abortion protestors in its next term. The decisions in two cases involving gay marriage and a Voting Rights Act case will be announced later this week.
The Court did not decide if The University of Texas at Austin could use race as a factor in deciding which students could be admitted. Instead, the case, Fischer vs. University of Texas at Austin, was sent back to a lower court for further review.
The Court implied that diversity was a worthy goal for a university, but said that the university must use the least restrictive means possible, or be "narrowly tailored," to achieve that goal. Since the lower court did not apply this standard, the ruling orders the lower court to review its decision in the case.
"The reviewing court must ultimately be satisfied that no workable race-neutral alternatives would produce the educational benefits of diversity," Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote for the majority.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg was the only dissenter in the 7-1 decision, arguing that the lower court's decision upholding race-based admissions policies was correct. Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a concurring opinion arguing that he would rule the policy unconstitutional.
The decision leaves open the possibility that the Supreme Court will take another look at the constitutionality of affirmative action in the future.
The Court also decided Monday to hear a case in its next term regarding abortion protestors. The case involves a Massachusetts law that creates a "buffer zone" requiring that abortion protestors maintain a certain distance from an abortion clinic.
A lower court upheld the law in McCullen vs. Coakley. The Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal from a pro-life group.
The Court has yet to announce its decision in the two highly anticipated gay marriage cases. Court watchers expect the announcement to come on the court's final day, which is expected to be either Wednesday, Thursday or Friday of this week.
Hollingsworth vs. Perry looks at whether California's amendment to its state constitution defining marriage as between one man and one woman is a violation of the U.S. Constitution's Equal Protection Clause.
U.S. vs. Windsor challenges the part of the Defense of Marriage Act that says marriage will be defined as the union of one man and one woman for the purposes of federal law.
In another highly anticipated case, the Supreme Court is also yet to decide a case involving the 2006 reauthorization of the Voting Rights Act. The court may decide whether it is appropriate for the law to still place stricter requirements upon the Southern states than are placed upon the rest of the states.