text:
\section{Introduction}

One of the questions that gave birth to rational homotopy theory is the \textit{commutative cochains problem} which, given a commutative ring $\mathbf{k}$, asks whether there exists a commutative differential graded (dg) associative $\mathbf{k}$-algebra functorially associated to any topological space that is weakly equivalent to the dg associative algebra of singular $\mathbf{k}$-cochains on the space with the cup product \cite{S77}, \cite{Q69}. In this paper we study a coalgebra version of this problem, which requires a careful consideration of what it means for two coalgebras to be weakly equivalent and for two possibly non-simply connected spaces to be rationally homotopy equivalent, as we now explain.

For technical reasons we use a pointed version of the normalized singular chains and cochains (Definition \ref{def:Basedchains}). The \textit{pointed normalized singular chains} on a pointed space $(X,b)$, denoted by $C_*(X,b,\mathbf{k})$, form a connected coaugmented dg coassociative $\mathbf{k}$-coalgebra with the Alexander-Whitney diagonal approximation as coproduct. The linear dual of $C_*(X,b,\mathbf{k})$, denoted by $C^*(X,b,\mathbf{k})$, is the connected augmented dg associative $\mathbf{k}$-algebra of pointed normalized singular cochains with the cup product.
The Alexander-Whitney coproduct on $C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})$ is not strictly cocommutative, but its cocommutativity holds up to an infinite coherent family of homotopies. This algebraic structure may be described using the language of operads; namely, the dg coassociative coalgebra structure on  $C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})$ extends to an $E_{\infty}$-\textit{coalgebra} structure. This dualizes to an $E_{\infty}$-\textit{algebra} structure on $C^*(X,b;\mathbf{k})$ extending the cup product.

Denote by $\text{Top}_*$ the category of pointed path-connected topological spaces and by $\text{CDGA}_{\mathbf{k}}$ the category of augmented commutative dg associative $\mathbf{k}$-algebras. A pointed version of the commutative cochains problem is given by the following question.

\begin{question} Is there a functor $\mathcal{A}: \text{Top}_* \to \text{CDGA}_{\mathbf{k}}$  such that for any $(X,b) \in \text{Top}_*$, $\mathcal{A}(X,b)$ can be connected by a zig-zag of quasi-isomorphisms of augmented dg associative $\mathbf{k}$-algebras to $C^*(X,b; \mathbf{k})$?
\end{question}
Steenrod operations are obstructions for the existence of a functor $\mathcal{A}$ when $\mathbf{k}=\mathbb{Z}$ or a field of non-zero characteristic. Sullivan and Quillen showed via different approaches that when $\mathbf{k}=\mathbb{Q}$ such a functor $\mathcal{A}$ exists and, furthermore, the quasi-isomorphism type of the rational commutative dg algebra $\mathcal{A}(X,b)$ determines the rational homotopy type of $X$ when $X$ is a simply-connected space of finite type.

In \cite{BK71} and \cite{BK72}, Bousfield and Kan describe two possible rational completions for general spaces (not necessarily nilpotent) both leading to different extensions of the classical rational homotopy theory of Sullivan and Quillen. The first one, known as the $\mathbb{Q}$-\textit{completion} of a space, naturally associates to any space $X$ another space $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X$ together with a map $\rho: X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X$. When $X$ is a nilpotent space $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X$ has the Malcev completion of $\pi_1(X,b)$ as fundamental group and the rationalized higher homotopy groups of $X$ as higher homotopy groups.

We call a continuous map $f: X \to Y$ a \textit{$\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}$-homotopy equivalence} if $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}f: \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}Y$ is a weak homotopy equivalence. This is the notion of weak equivalence in the extension of rational homotopy theory of \cite{BFMT18}. The $\mathbb{Q}$-completion construction satisfies the following properties.
\begin{proposition} [\cite{BK71}] Let $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ be a  continuous map of pointed path-connected spaces. Then, the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The map $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ is a $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}$-homotopy equivalence, i.e. the induced map between $\mathbb{Q}$-completions $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}f: \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}Y$ is a weak homotopy equivalence.
\item The induced map $C_*(f; \mathbb{Q}): C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C_*(Y,c; \mathbb{Q})$ is a quasi-isomorphism.
\vspace{-8pt}
\item[] \hspace{-42pt} Furthermore, if $X$ and $Y$ are both nilpotent spaces then (1) and (2) are equivalent to:
\vspace{4pt}
\item  The map $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ induces an isomorphism between Malcev completions of the fundamental groups and an isomorphism of higher rationalized homotopy groups.
\end{enumerate}

\end{proposition}
The second completion functor, known as the \emph{fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completion}, associates to any space $X$ another space $\mathbb{Q}_\infty^*X$, having the same fundamental group as $X$ and higher homotopy groups isomorphic to the rationalized higher homotopy groups of $X$.  A continuous map $f: X \to Y$ is a \textit{$\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalence} if $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*f: \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*Y$ is a weak homotopy equivalence. This is the notion of weak equivalence in the extension of rational homotopy theory of \cite{GHT00}.

In section 3, we prove that $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalences are detected by the dg coassociative coalgebra of pointed normalized singular chains with rational coefficients. Then, in section 4, we study a coalgebra version of Question 1 which fits with $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalences. More precisely, our first result is the following theorem.

\begin{theorem} \label{rationalchains}
Let $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ be a  continuous map of pointed path-connected spaces. Then, the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item The map $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ is a $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalence, i.e the induced map between fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completions $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*f: \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*Y$ is a weak homotopy equivalence.
 \item The induced maps $\pi_1(f): \pi_1(X,b) \to \pi_1(Y,c)$ and $\pi_n(f) \otimes \mathbb{Q}: \pi_n(X,b)\otimes \mathbb{Q} \to \pi_n(Y,c)\otimes \mathbb{Q}$ for $n \geq 2$ are isomor\-phisms.
 \item The induced map $C_*(f; \mathbb{Q}): C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C_*(Y,c; \mathbb{Q})$ is an $\Omega$-quasi-isomor\-phism.
 \item The induced map $\pi_1(f) :\pi_1(X,b) \rightarrow \pi_1(Y,c)$ is an isomorphism and for every $\mathbb{Q}$-representation $A$ of $\pi_1(Y,c)$ the induced map on the homology with local coefficients $H_*(f):H_*(X;f^*A)\rightarrow H_*(Y;A)$ is an isomorphism.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}

The above theorem says that the notion of $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalence is in fact a rational notion, i.e. it can be described in terms of maps that preserve algebraic structures on rational vector spaces. The proof of the equivalence between (2) and (3) of Theorem \ref{rationalchains} uses a recent extension of a classical theorem of Adams, proven in \cite{RZ16} by the first and third author, which says that for any pointed \textit{path-connected} space $(X,b)$ there is a natural quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras $$\theta: \Omega C_*(X,b; \mathbb{Q}) \simeq C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX; \mathbb{Q}),$$ where $C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX; \mathbb{Q})$ is the dg algebra of rational cubical singular chains on the (Moore) based loop space of $X$ at $b$. The proof of Theorem \ref{rationalchains} also uses the fact that $\theta$ is a quasi-isomorphism of dg bialgebras for natural bialgebra structures on $\Omega C_*(X,b; \mathbb{Q})$ and $C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX; \mathbb{Q})$.

Quillen proved that associated to any simply connected space $X$ there is a rational cocommutative dg coassociative coalgebra which is quasi-isomorphic to the rational chains on $X$. Under the light of Theorem \ref{rationalchains} we may now ask a stronger question, namely, if for any path-connected $(X,b)$ the dg coalgebra $C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ may be strictified into a rational cocommutative dg coassociative coalgebra which still detects the fundamental group (or at least the fundamental group algebra) and the higher rational homotopy groups. More precisely, denoting by $\text{CDGC}_{\mathbf{k}}$ the category of coaugmented conilpotent dg cocommutative coassociative $\mathbf{k}$-coalgebras we ask the following question, which we call the \textit{cocommutative chains problem}:

\begin{question} \label{chainsproblem} Is there a functor $\mathcal{C}: \text{Top}_* \to \text{CDGC}_{\mathbf{k}}$ such that for any $(X,b) \in \text{Top}_*$, $\mathcal{C}(X,b)$ can be connected by a zig-zag of $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphisms of coaugmented conilpotent dg coassociative coalgebras to $C_*(X,b; \mathbf{k})$?
\end{question}

Steenrod operations are also an obstruction for the existence of $\mathcal{C}$ when $\mathbf{k}= \mathbb{Z}$ or a field of non-zero characteristic. In section 4, we prove that there is no such functor $\mathcal{C}$ even when $\mathbf{k}$ is a field of characteristic zero.

\subsection{Acknowledgments}

The first author acknowledges the support of the grant Fordecyt 265667 and the excellent working conditions of \textit{Centro de colaboraci\'on Samuel Gitler} in Mexico City. The second and third authors would like to thank the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, where they first met and their collaboration started, for the hospitality and support during their stays.

\section{Algebraic Preliminaries}

In this section we recall the algebraic constructions and results that will be used in the proofs of our main theorems in section 3 and 4. Let $\mathbf{k}$ be a commutative ring. We assume familiarity with the notions of differential graded (dg) $\mathbf{k}$-algebras and $\mathbf{k}$-coalgebras. The phrases ``dg algebra" and ``dg coalgebra" will mean ``unital augmented differential graded associative $\mathbf{k}$-algebra" and``counital coaugmented conilpotent differential graded coassociative $\mathbf{k}$-coalgebra", respectively. A graded $\mathbf{k}$-(co)algebra $V$ is \textit{connected} if $V_n=0$ for all $n <0$ and $V_0 \cong \mathbf{k}$. We also assume familiarity with bialgebras and Hopf algebras, in this paper we will mean by bialgebra an unital augmented associative counital coaugmented coassociative differential graded bialgebra. A Hopf algebra is a bialgebra having the property of admitting an antipode. Antipodes are unique when they exist. We refer to \cite{LV12} for further background.

\subsection{The cobar construction}

Let $\text{DGA}_{\mathbf{k}}$ and $\text{DGC}_{\mathbf{k}}$ denote the categories of dg algebras and dg coalgebras, respectively. Recall the definition of the \textit{cobar} functor
$$\Omega: \text{DGC}_{\mathbf{k}}  \to \text{DGA}_{\mathbf{k}}.$$
Given a dg coalgebra $C$ define a dg algebra
$$\Omega C := ( T(s^{-1}  \bar{C} ), D)$$
where $\bar C$ is the cokernel of the coaugmentation $\mathbf{k} \to C$, $s^{-1}$ is the shift functor which lowers degree by $1$, $T(s^{-1} \bar{C})= \mathbf{k} \oplus \bigoplus_{i=1}^{\infty} (s^{-1}\bar{C})^{\otimes i}$ the unital tensor algebra, and the differential $D$ is defined as follows. Let $\partial: C \to C$ and $\Delta: C \to C \otimes C$ be the differential and coproduct of $C$. Now extend the linear map $$- s^{-1} \circ \partial  \circ s^{+1} + (s^{-1} \otimes s^{-1}) \circ \Delta  \circ s^{+1}: s^{-1}\bar{C} \to T(s^{-1} \bar C)$$ as a derivation to obtain $D: T(s^{-1} \bar{C}) \to T(s^{-1} \bar{C})$. The coassociativity of $\Delta$, the compatibility of $\partial$ and $\Delta$, and the fact that $\partial^2 =0$ together imply that $D^2=0$.

A \textit{quasi-isomorphism} of dg $\mathbf{k}$-modules is a chain map which induces an isomorphism in homology. A map of dg (co)algebras is said to be a quasi-isomorphism if the underlying map of dg $\mathbf{k}$-modules is. The following stronger notion of weak equivalence between dg coalgebras will play a fundamental role in this article.
\begin{definition} A map of dg coalgebras $f: C\to C'$ is called an \textit{$\Omega$-quasi-isomorphism} if $\Omega f: \Omega C \to \Omega C'$ is a quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras.
\end{definition}

\begin{remark} Any $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphism is a quasi-isomorphism but not vice-versa. A quasi-isomorphism between \text{simply connected dg coalgebras} (namely, non-negatively graded dg coalgebras $C$ such that $C_0 \cong \mathbf{k}$ and $C_1=0$) is an $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphism, as discussed in section 2.4 of \cite{LV12}.
 \end{remark}

\subsection{Lie algebras and related constructions}
For the rest of the section we work over a field $\mathbf{k}$ of characteristic zero. We review some classical constructions and results which will be used in Sections 3 and 4. We refer to \cite{Q69} or \cite{FHT01} for further details.

Given a dg vector space $V$ denote by $SV$ the the \textit{symmetric algebra} generated by $V$. The dg commutative algebra $SV$ is defined as the quotient of the tensor algebra $TV$ by the ideal generated by elements of the form $x\otimes y - (-1)^{|x||y|} y\otimes x$ for $x,y \in V$. The unital dg associative algebra structure on $TV$ induces a unital commutative dg associative algebra structure on $SV$. Moreover, $SV$ is a commutative cocommutative dg bialgebra when equipped with coproduct $\Delta: SV \to SV \otimes SV$ given by extending $\Delta(x)=x \otimes 1 + 1 \otimes x$ as an algebra map and counit $S(V) \to \mathbf{k}$ induced by the projection $TV \to T^0V=\mathbf{k}$

Given a dg Lie algebra $L$ denote by $UL$ the \textit{universal enveloping algebra} of $L$. The dg associative algebra $UL$ is defined as the quotient of $TL$ by the ideal generated by elements of the form $x \otimes y - (-1)^{|x||y|}y \otimes x - [x,y]$ for $x,y \in L$. Moreover, $UL$ is a cocommutative dg bialgebra when equipped with the coproduct also determined by the formula $\Delta(x)=x \otimes 1 + 1\otimes x$ and counit induced by the projection $TV \to T^0V=\mathbf{k}$.

The universal enveloping algebra construction defines a functor from dg Lie algebras to cocommutative dg bialgebras which commutes with homology.

\begin{theorem}[\cite{Q69} Appendix B, Proposition 2.1]\label{thrm:Universalenvelopecommuteswithhomology}
For any dg Lie algebra $L$ there is a natural isomorphism $$UH_*(L) \cong H_*(UL)$$ of graded cocommutative bialgebras.
\end{theorem}

The Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) Theorem relates $S$ and $U$.

\begin{theorem}[Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt, \cite{Q69} Appendix B, Theorem 2.3] \label{thrm:PBW} For any dg Lie algebra $L$ there is an isomorphism of cocommutative dg coalgebras $$e: SL \xrightarrow{\cong} UL.$$
\end{theorem}

Since the symmetric algebra functor preserves quasi-isomorphisms we immediately obtain the following corollary.

\begin{corollary}\label{cor:universalenvelopingalgebrapreservesqi}
 If $f:L\rightarrow L'$ is a quasi-isomorphism of dg Lie algebras, then $U f:U L \rightarrow U L'$ is a quasi-isomorphism as well.
\end{corollary}
In \cite{Q69}, Quillen introduced a functor $$\mathcal{L}: \text{CDGC}_{\mathbf{k}} \to \text{DGL}_{\mathbf{k}},$$ where $\text{DGL}_{\mathbf{k}}$ denotes the category of dg Lie algebras, defined as follows. Given $C \in \text{CDGC}_{\mathbf{k}}$ with differential $\partial: C \to C$, the dg Lie algebra $\mathcal{L}C$ has as underlying graded Lie algebra the free graded Lie algebra $(L(s^{-1} \bar{C}), [ \_ , \_])$ generated by $s^{-1} \bar{C}$, the desuspension of the coaugmentation ideal of $C$. The differential $d_{\mathcal{L}C}$ is determined by
$$ d_{\mathcal{L}C} (\tau x) = - \tau \partial x - \frac{1}{2} \sum_{(x)} (-1)^{|x'|}[\tau x', \tau x''],$$
where $\tau: C \to L(s^{-1} \bar{C})$ is the canonical map given by $\tau x= s^{-1} \bar x$ and $\Delta(x)= \sum_{(x)} x' \otimes x''$ denotes the coproduct of $C$.

The functors $\Omega$ and $\mathcal{L}$ are related via $U$ as follows.

\begin{lemma}[\cite{Q69} p.290]\label{lem:cobaranduniversalenvelopingalgebra}
 For any cocommutative dg coalgebra $C$ there is a natural isomorphism of augmented dg associative algebras $$\Omega C \cong U \mathcal{L} C.$$
 \end{lemma}

We finish this section recalling the Milnor-Moore Theorem in topology.

\begin{theorem}[Milnor-Moore, \cite{FHT01} Theorem 21.5] \label{thrm:milnor-moore}
Let $(X,b)$ be a simply connected pointed path-connected space. There is an isomorphism of graded Hopf algebras
$$U(\pi_*(\Omega_bX) \otimes \mathbf{k}) \cong H_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbf{k}),$$
where the graded Lie algebra structure on $\pi_*(\Omega_bX) \otimes \mathbf{k}$ is given by the Whitehead bracket.
\end{theorem}

\section{coalgebras and non-simply-connected rational homotopy theory }\label{sec:nonsimplyconnectedrationalhomotopytheory}

 In this section we define two notions of weak equivalences between spaces for two different approaches to extend rational homotopy theory to non-simply connected spaces. These are based on two rational completions for spaces described in \cite{BK71}. We explain the sense in which the rational dg coalgebra of pointed normalized singular chains detects each of these weak equivalences. All topological spaces will be assumed to be semi-locally simply connected and locally path-connected so that universal covers exist. Denote by $\text{Top}_*$ be the category of pointed path-connected spaces. We first define the version of singular chains on pointed spaces that will be used.

\begin{definition}\label{def:Basedchains}
For any $(X,b) \in \text{Top}_*$ and any commutative ring $\mathbf{k}$, the coaugmented connected dg $\mathbf{k}$-coalgebra of \textit{pointed normalized singular chains} $(C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k}), \partial, \Delta)$ is defined as follows. The underlying graded $\mathbf{k}$-module is obtained by considering the graded submodule of the ordinary singular chains generated by those continuous maps $\sigma: \Delta^n \to X$ that send the vertices of the $n$-simplex $\Delta^n$ to $b\in X$, and then modding out by degenerate simplices. The usual boundary operator for singular chains induces a differential $\partial: C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})\to C_{*-1}(X,b;\mathbf{k})$ and the Alexander-Whitney diagonal approximation map induces a compatible coassociative coproduct $$\Delta: C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})\to C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})\otimes C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k}).$$ Note that $C_0(X,b;\mathbf{k}) \cong \mathbf{k}$, so the counit and coaugmentation are canonically defined. This construction defines a functor $$C_*: \text{Top}_* \to \text{DGC}^0_{\mathbf{k}},$$ where $\text{DGC}^0_{\mathbf{k}}$ denotes the full subcategory of $\text{DGC}_{\mathbf{k}}$ whose objects are connected dg coalgebras.
\end{definition}

In  \cite{BK71}, Bousfield and Kan define the  $\mathbb{Q}$-\textit{completion} of a space $X$ as $$\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X =|\overline{\mathbf{W}} \mathbb{Q}_{\infty} (\mathbf{G} \text{Sing}(X,b) ) |,$$
where $\text{Sing}(X,b)$ is the subsimiplicial set of \text{Sing}(X) consisting of those singular simplices $\Delta^n \to X$ that send the vertices of $\Delta^n$ to $b$, $\mathbf{G}: \text{sSet} \to \text{sGrp}$ is the Kan loop group functor from simplicial sets to simplicial groups, $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty} G$ denotes the dimensionwise (algebraic) $\mathbb{Q}$-completion of any simplicial group $G$, $\overline{\mathbf{W}}: \text{sGrp} \to \text{sSet}$ is the classifying space functor, and $| \cdot |$ denotes geometric realization. Note we have used a slightly different notation from that in \cite{BK71}.

\begin{definition}
A continuous map $f:X \rightarrow Y$ between path-connected spaces is a \textit{$\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}$-homotopy equivalence} if $\mathbb{Q}_\infty f : \mathbb{Q}_\infty X \rightarrow \mathbb{Q}_\infty Y$, the induced map on the $\mathbb{Q}$-completions, is a weak homotopy equivalence.
\end{definition}

The rational singular chains are able to detect $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}$-homotopy equivalences in the following sense.

\begin{proposition} \label{BKeq} \cite{BK71} Let $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ be a  continuous map of pointed path-connected spaces. Then, the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The map $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ is a $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}$-homotopy equivalence, i.e. the induced map between $\mathbb{Q}$-completions $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}f: \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}Y$ is a weak homotopy equivalence.
\item The induced map $C_*(f; \mathbb{Q}): C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C_*(Y,c; \mathbb{Q})$ is a quasi-isomorphism.
\vspace{-8pt}
\item[] \hspace{-42pt} Furthermore, if $X$ and $Y$ are both nilpotent spaces then (1) and (2) are equivalent to
\vspace{4pt}
\item  $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ induces an isomorphism between Malcev completions of the fundamental groups and an isomorphism of higher rationalized homotopy groups.
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof} The equivalence between (1) and (2) is exactly 5.2 in \cite{BK71}. If $X$ is a nilpotent space then, by combining the results of \cite{BK71}, we see that  $\rho: X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X$ induces an isomorphism on the Malcev completions of the fundamental groups and an isomorphism $\pi_n(\rho) \otimes \mathbb{Q}: \pi_n(X) \otimes \mathbb{Q} \cong \pi_n(\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}X)$ for all $n \geq 2$. This is because nilpotent spaces are $\mathbb{Q}$-good and the $\mathbb{Q}$-completion of a nilpotent group is given by the Malcev completion. It therefore follows that if $X$ and $Y$ are both nilpotent then (3) is equivalent to (1).
\end{proof}

In \cite{BK71}, Bousfield and Kan also define a second possibility of completion for non-simply-connected spaces called \emph{fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completion}. This is done by fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completing the fibration $\tilde{X} \to X  \to B\pi_1(X,b)$, where $\tilde{X}$ denotes the universal cover of $X$ and $B\pi_1(X,b)$ is the classifying space of $\pi_1(X,b)$. The fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completion uses the algebraic \textit{relative $\mathbb{Q}$-completion} for a short exact sequence of groups. This results in a fibration $$\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}\tilde{X} \to \mathbb{Q}^*_{\infty}X \to B\pi_1(X,b),$$ naturally associated to any $X$, whose fiber is the ordinary $\mathbb{Q}$-completion of $\tilde{X}$. Thus, to any space $X$ we may functorially associate a new space $\mathbb{Q}^*_{\infty}X$ which has the same fundamental group as $X$ and whose higher homotopy groups are the rationalized homotopy groups of $X$.

\begin{definition}\label{def:ratequivalence}
A continuous map $f:X \rightarrow Y$ between path-connected spaces is a \textit{$\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalence} if $\mathbb{Q}_\infty ^*f : \mathbb{Q}_\infty^* X \rightarrow \mathbb{Q}_\infty^* Y$, the induced map on the fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completions, is a weak homotopy equivalence.
\end{definition}
Our next result gives three alternative characterizations of $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalences in terms of the coalgebras of pointed normalized singular chains, homotopy groups, and homology with local coefficients.

\begin{theorem} \label{coalgebrasandrationaleqs}
Let $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ be a  continuous map of pointed path-connected spaces. Then, the following are equivalent
\begin{enumerate}
 \item The map $f: (X,b) \to (Y,c)$ is a $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalence, i.e the induced map between fiberwise $\mathbb{Q}$-completions $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*f: \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*X \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*Y$ is a weak homotopy equivalence.
 \item The induced maps $\pi_1(f): \pi_1(X,b) \to \pi_1(Y,c)$ and $\pi_n(f) \otimes \mathbb{Q}: \pi_n(X,b)\otimes \mathbb{Q} \to \pi_n(Y,c)\otimes \mathbb{Q}$ for $n \geq 2$ are isomorphisms.
  \item The induced map $C_*(f; \mathbb{Q}): C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C_*(Y,c; \mathbb{Q})$ is an $\Omega$-quasi-iso\-mor\-phism.
 \item The induced map $\pi_1(f) :\pi_1(X,b) \rightarrow \pi_1(Y,c)$ is an isomorphism and for every $\mathbb{Q}$-representation $A$ of $\pi_1(Y,c)$ the induced map on the homology with local coefficients $H_*(f):H_*(X;f^*A)\rightarrow H_*(Y;A)$ is an isomorphism.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}

In the above theorem, by a \textit{$\mathbb{Q}$-representation} of a group $G$ we mean a $\mathbb{Q}$-vector space $A$ together with a is a left $\mathbb{Q}[G]$-module structure. If $f: G'\to G$ is a group homomorphism and $A$ is a $\mathbb{Q}$-representation of $G$, then $f^*A$ denotes the $\mathbb{Q}$-representation of $G'$ given by the pullback action of $\mathbb{Q}[G']$ on $A$ via $f$.

\begin{remark}
A direct observation that follows from Proposition \ref{BKeq} and Theorem \ref{coalgebrasandrationaleqs} is that both notions of rational homotopy equivalence can be deduced from the pointed normalized singular chains with rational coefficients. This might come as a surprise, since this means that the singular chains with rational chains are capable of capturing the highly non-rational fundamental group in the case of $\pi_1$-rational homotopy equivalences and the Malcev completion of the fundamental group in the case of $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}$-homotopy equivalences. This can be interpreted as saying that both approaches to non-simply-connected rational homotopy theory are in fact rational, i.e. can be deduced from algebraic structure on a rational chain complex. We would further like to point out that both notions of rational homotopy equivalence coincide for simply connected spaces.
\end{remark}

Before we prove Theorem \ref{coalgebrasandrationaleqs} we first recall two results proven in \cite{RZ16} and \cite{RZ18} regarding an extension of the classical Adams' cobar theorem \cite{A56}. For completeness, we will sketch a proof of the following theorem and for a detailed proof we refer the reader to \cite{RZ18}. Let $\Omega_bX$ denote the topological monoid of Moore loops in $X$ based at $b \in X$.

\begin{theorem} \label{thrm:adamsbialgebra}
Let $(X,b)$ be a pointed path-connected space. Then,
\begin{enumerate}
\item There is a natural quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras $$\theta: \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q}),$$ where $C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q})$ denotes the normalized singular cubical chains on $\Omega_bX$ with rational coefficients.
\item There is a natural coassociative coproduct  $$\nabla: \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \otimes \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$$ making $\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ a dg bialgebra such that $\theta$ becomes a quasi-isomorphism of dg bialgebras, when $C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q})$ is equipped with the natural diagonal approximation coproduct for cubical chains.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}[Sketch of proof.] ${}$
\begin{enumerate}
\item The fact that there exists a quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras $\theta: \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ $\to C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q})$ is an extension of a classical theorem of Adams proven in \cite{RZ16} by observing that $\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ is naturally isomorphic as a dg algebra to the chains on a monoidal cubical set with connections (denoted by $\mathfrak{C}_{\square_c}(\text{Sing}(X,b))$ in \cite{RZ16} and \cite{RZ18}), whose geometric realization is naturally homotopy equivalent to the based loop space. This natural homotopy equivalence induces a quasi-isomorphism from the dg algebra of chains on $\mathfrak{C}_{\square_c}(\text{Sing}(X,b))$ to $C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q})$.
\item The chain complex of normalized cubical chains on any cubical set (with or without connections) has a natural coassociative coproduct approximating the diagonal map. The quasi-isomorphism from the cubical chains on $\mathfrak{C}_{\square_c}(\text{Sing}(X,b))$ to $C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q})$ preserves coproducts. To construct $\nabla$, we transfer the coproduct of the cubical chains on  $\mathfrak{C}_{\square_c}(\text{Sing}(X,b))$ to $\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ via the isomorphism between them.
\end{enumerate}
\end{proof}

\begin{remark} \label{surjection} The construction of the coproduct on $\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ builds up on an idea originally described in \cite{B98}. It is related to the $E_{\infty}$-coalgebra structure on $C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ as follows. It is shown in \cite{BF04} and \cite{MS02} that $C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ has a natural structure of a coalgebra over the \textit{surjection operad}, usually denoted by $\rchi$, extending the dg coassociative coalgebra structure given by the Alexander-Whitney diagonal approximation. The surjection operad $\rchi$ is a particular model for the $E_{\infty}$-operad. It is explained in \cite{K03} that for any connected $\rchi$-coalgebra $\mathbf{C}$ with underlying dg coassociative coalgebra $C$, the structure maps of the $\rchi$-coalgebra structure corresponding to the $E_2$ portion of the operad induce a dg bialgebra structure on $\Omega C$. In the case of $C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$, the coproduct of the dg bialgebra structure on $\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})$ coincides with the coproduct $\nabla$ outlined in the proof of Theorem \ref{thrm:adamsbialgebra}. More details may be found in Theorems 2 and 3 of \cite{RZ18}.
\end{remark}

Since there is an isomorphism of bialgebras $H_0(\Omega_b X;\mathbb{Q}) \cong \mathbb{Q} [\pi_1(X,b)]$ and any group algebra is a Hopf algebra (a bialgebra which has an antipode map) whose group-like elements are the underlying group, we immediately obtain the following corollary.

\begin{corollary}\label{fundgroup} The map $\theta: \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C^{\square}_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q})$ induces an isomorphism of bialgebras $H_0(\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q})) \cong \mathbb{Q}[\pi_1(X,b)]$. In particular, there exists an antipode on the bialgebra $H_0(\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}))$, which makes it a Hopf algebra. The isomorphism class of the fundamental group of $X$ may be recovered functorially as the group of group-like elements of $H_0(\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}))$.
\end{corollary}

We now use the above results to prove Theorem \ref{coalgebrasandrationaleqs}. An integral version of the equivalence between (2), (3), and (4)  of Theorem \ref{coalgebrasandrationaleqs} was proven in \cite{RWZ18}.

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{coalgebrasandrationaleqs}.] The equivalence between (1) and (2) follows directly from the fact that $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*X$ is the total space of a fibration $\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}\tilde{X} \to \mathbb{Q}_{\infty}^*X \to B\pi_1(X,b)$, since then we can use the long exact sequence for a fibration together the natural isomorphisms $\pi_n(\mathbb{Q}_{\infty}\tilde{X}) \cong \pi_n(X) \otimes \mathbb{Q}$.

 The proof that (3) implies (4) is similar to the proof of Theorem 12 in \cite{RWZ18} as we now explain. If $C_*(f; \mathbb{Q}): C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to C_*(Y,c;\mathbb{Q})$ is an $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphism, then $f$ induces an isomorphism of Hopf algebras $$H_0(\Omega(f)): H_0(\Omega C_*(X,b; \mathbb{Q})) \xrightarrow{\cong} H_0 (\Omega C_*(Y,c;\mathbb{Q}))$$ and, by Corollary \ref{fundgroup}, after applying the group-like elements functor to the isomorphism $H_0(\Omega(f))$ we obtain that $\pi_1(f): \pi_1(X,b) \to \pi_1(Y,c)$ is an isomorphism. It follows from Proposition 10 of \cite{RWZ18} that if $C_*(f): C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to  C_*(Y,c;\mathbb{Q})$ is an $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphism, then the induced map on homology with coefficients in any rational local system is an isomorphism.

To prove (4) implies (2) we consider the pointed universal covers of the pointed spaces $(X,b)$ and $(Y,c)$, which we denote by $(\tilde{X}, [b]) $ and $(\tilde{Y}, [c])$, respectively. By a standard lifting argument we get an induced map $\tilde{f}: (\tilde{X}, [b]) \rightarrow (\tilde{Y}, [c])$, which is unique up to homotopy. As explained in Section 5.2 of \cite{DK01}, the rational homology of the universal cover of $X$ can be computed by the homology of $X$ with local coefficients in the fundamental group algebra, i.e.  $H_*(\tilde{X};\mathbb{Q})\cong H_*(X;\mathbb{Q}[\pi_1(X,b)])$, where $\mathbb{Q}[\pi_1(X,b)]$ is the representation of $\pi_1(X, b)$ through the left multiplication of $\pi_1(X, b)$ on itself. By assumption, this implies that $\tilde{f}$ induces an isomorphism on the rational homology of the universal covers. Consequently, since the universal covers are simply connected, Whitehead's Theorem yields that $\pi_n(\tilde{f}) \otimes \mathbb{Q}:\pi_n(\tilde{X}, [b])\otimes\mathbb{Q} \rightarrow \pi_n(\tilde{Y},[c]) \otimes \mathbb{Q}$ are isomorphisms for all $n \geq 2$.  It then follows from the long exact sequence in homotopy that $\pi_n(f) \otimes \mathbb{Q} :\pi_n(X,b)\otimes\mathbb{Q} \rightarrow \pi_n(Y,c) \otimes \mathbb{Q}$ are isomorphisms for all $n \geq 2$ as well.

We now show (2) implies (3). Suppose the maps $\pi_1(f):\pi_1(X,b) \rightarrow \pi_1(Y,c)$ and $\pi_n(f) \otimes \mathbb{Q} :\pi_n(X,b) \otimes \mathbb{Q} \rightarrow \pi_n(Y,c)\otimes \mathbb{Q}$ for $n \geq 2$ are isomorphisms. By Theorem \ref{thrm:adamsbialgebra} this is equivalent to show that $f$ induces an isomorphism on homology for the corresponding loop spaces. Again we will look at the universal covers to deduce the results. In particular, the lift $\tilde{f}$ induces an isomorphism $$\pi_n(\tilde{f}) \otimes \mathbb{Q}: \pi_n(\tilde{X}) \otimes \mathbb{Q} \xrightarrow{\cong} \pi_n(\tilde{Y}) \otimes \mathbb{Q}$$ for each $n \geq 1$. Therefore $$\pi_{n-1}(\Omega(\tilde{f})) \otimes \mathbb{Q}: \pi_{n-1}(\Omega_{[b]} \tilde{X}) \otimes \mathbb{Q} \xrightarrow{\cong} \pi_{n-1}(\Omega_{[c]} \tilde{Y}) \otimes \mathbb{Q}$$ are isomorphisms for each $n \geq 1$. This means that the map $\pi_n(\Omega(\tilde{f})) \otimes \mathbb{Q}$ is an isomorphism of Lie algebras and applying the universal enveloping algebra functor to each of these maps, by the Milnor-Moore Theorem (Theorem \ref{thrm:milnor-moore}), we get an isomorphism $$H_*(\Omega \tilde{f}): H_*(\Omega_{[b]} \tilde{X}; \mathbb{Q}) \xrightarrow{\cong} H_*(\Omega_{[c]} \tilde{Y}; \mathbb{Q}).$$ Recall there is a homotopy equivalence $ \Omega_b X \simeq \Omega_{[b]} \tilde{X}\times \pi_1(X,b)^{disc}$, where $\pi_1(X,b)^{disc}$ denotes $\pi_1(X,b)$ considered as a discrete space,  inducing a natural isomorphism of graded vector spaces $$H_*(\Omega_bX;\mathbb{Q}) \cong H_*(\Omega_{[b]} \tilde{X};\mathbb{Q}) \otimes H_*( \pi_1(X,b)^{disc};\mathbb{Q}).$$ Similarly, $$H_*(\Omega_cY;\mathbb{Q}) \cong H_*(\Omega_{[c]} \tilde{Y};\mathbb{Q}) \otimes H_*( \pi_1(Y,c)^{disc};\mathbb{Q}).$$ The latter two isomorphisms together with the fact that $H_*(\Omega \tilde{f})$ and $\pi_1(f)$ are isomorphisms imply that $H_*( \Omega (f) ): H_*( \Omega_bX; \mathbb{Q} ) \to H_*(\Omega_cY; \mathbb{Q})$ is an isomorphism as well. Finally, by Theorem \ref{thrm:adamsbialgebra}, it follows that $\Omega C_*(f): \Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbb{Q}) \to \Omega C_*(Y,c;\mathbb{Q})$ is a quasi-isomorphism, as desired.
\end{proof}

\section{The cocommutative chains problem}

 The goal of this section is to give a negative answer to Question \ref{chainsproblem}. If we restrict our attention to simply connected spaces and coalgebras with quasi-isomorphisms as weak equivalences then Quillen's rational homotopy theory provides a positive answer to the cocommutative chains problem: naturally associated to any simply connected space there is a dg Lie algebra whose Chevalley-Eilenberg complex is a cocommutative dg coassociative coalgebra quasi-isomorphic to the rational chains on the space \cite{Q69}. However, if we consider the problem for all path-connected spaces and for coalgebras with $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphisms as weak equivalences, as asked in Question \ref{chainsproblem}, the answer turns out to be negative.

Suppose there is a cocommutative dg coalgebra $\mathcal{C}(X,b)$ such that $\Omega \mathcal{C}(X,b)$ is quasi-isomorphic as a dg algebra to $\Omega C_*(X,b; \mathbf{k})$. By Corollary \ref{fundgroup},  $H_0(\Omega C_*(X,b; \mathbf{k})) \cong \mathbf{k}[\pi_1(X,b)]$, so for a hypothetical strictly cocommutative model $\mathcal{C}(X,b)$ we would also have an isomorphism of algebras $H_0(\Omega \mathcal{C}(X,b)) \cong \mathbf{k}[\pi_1(X,b)]$. In the proof of the upcoming theorem we show that, if $C$ is a cocommutative dg coalgebra, $H_0(\Omega C)$ is always isomorphic as a vector space to a polynomial algebra. Therefore $H_0(\Omega C)$ is always infinite dimensional which means it cannot be isomorphic to the group algebra of a finite group.

Recall $\text{CDGC}_{\mathbf{k}}$ denotes the category of cocommutative dg  $\mathbf{k}$-coalgebras and $\text{Top}_*$ the category of pointed path-connected spaces.

\begin{theorem} Let $\mathbf{k}$ be a field of characteristic zero.
There is no functor
\[
\mathcal{C}: \text{Top}_* \to CDGC_{\mathbf{k}}
\]
such that for any $(X,b) \in \text{Top}_*$, $\mathcal{C}(X,b)$ is $\Omega$-quasi-isomorphic to $C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})$ as dg coassociative coalgebras.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Suppose there exists such a functor $\mathcal{C}$ and let $(X,b) \in \text{Top}_*$. Lemma \ref{lem:cobaranduniversalenvelopingalgebra} says that there is an isomorphism of dg associative algebras $$\Omega \mathcal{C}(X,b) \cong U \mathcal{L} \mathcal{C}(X,b),$$ so the homologies are isomorphic as algebras $$H_*(\Omega \mathcal{C}(X,b)) \cong H_*(U\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b)).$$
 By Theorem \ref{thrm:Universalenvelopecommuteswithhomology}, we have an isomorphism of associative algebras
$$H_*(U\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b)) \cong UH_*(\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b)).$$
The PBW Theorem (Theorem \ref{thrm:PBW}) gives an isomorphism of graded vector spaces,
  $$UH_*(\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b)) \cong S H_*(\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b)).$$
In particular,  $$H_0(\Omega \mathcal{C}(X,b)) \cong S H_0(\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b)).$$

By Corollary \ref{fundgroup}, our assumption yields an isomorphism of algebras $$\mathbf{k}[\pi_1(X,b)] \cong H_0(\Omega C_*(X,b;\mathbf{k})) \cong H_0(\Omega \mathcal{C}(X,b)) \cong S H_0(\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b))$$ for all pointed path-connected spaces $(X,b)$. Note that $S H_0(\mathcal{L}\mathcal{C}(X,b))$ is either one or infinite dimensional as a vector space. Since $\pi_1(X,b)$ can be any arbitrary group and, in particular, a finite group has finite dimensional group algebra, we obtain a contradiction.
\end{proof}

\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Combining result rows I'm trying to get the result below to be displayed group by Article.
Would this be possible?
So that in the end I will only have 2 lines.
The data from TYPE I & W will be combined.
The image to my query as below
image http://tikistudio.sg/F002.jpg
The query as below
SELECT INTSALEID as RECEIPT,
    STRSALETYPE as TYPE,
    STRORDERCODE as ARTICLE,
    max(case when strsaletype='I' then DBLQTYSOLD else null end) as [QTY SOLD],
    max(case when strsaletype='I' then CURSELLPRICE1 else null end) as [UNIT PRICE],
    max(case when strsaletype='W' then CUROFFERDISCOUNT else null end) as [DISCOUNT],
    max(case when strsaletype='I' then CURFOREIGNAMT else null end) as [GROSS AMOUNT]
FROM DAILYSALES
WHERE STRTRADECODE='MM01'
  and DTMTRADEDATE='01-01-2015' and INTSALEID='31086'
  and STRSALETYPE in ('I','W')
GROUP BY STRORDERCODE,STRSALETYPE,INTSALEID,DBLQTYSOLD,CURSELLPRICE1,
    CURFOREIGNAMT,CURDISCOUNT,CUROFFERDISCOUNT

A: You have to remove some columns in Group By
SELECT
   INTSALEID as RECEIPT,
   STRORDERCODE as ARTICLE,
   MAX(CASE WHEN strsaletype='I' THEN DBLQTYSOLD ELSE NULL END) as [QTY SOLD],
   MAX(CASE WHEN strsaletype='I' THEN CURSELLPRICE1 ELSE NULL END) as [UNIT PRICE],
   MAX(CASE WHEN strsaletype='W' THEN CUROFFERDISCOUNT ELSE NULL END) as [DISCOUNT],
   MAX(CASE WHEN strsaletype='I' THEN CURFOREIGNAMT ELSE NULL END) as [GROSS AMOUNT]
FROM DAILYSALES
WHERE
STRTRADECODE='MM01'
and DTMTRADEDATE='01-01-2015' and INTSALEID='31086'
and STRSALETYPE in ('I','W')
GROUP BY STRORDERCODE,INTSALEID

A: If you aggregate your data one more time grouping by Receipt, and Article, taking the max value for QTY Sold, Unit Price, Gross Amount and Min Value for Discount.
Select RECEIPT, ARTICLE, MAX([QTY SOLD]) as [QTY SOLD], MAX([UNIT PRICE]) as [UNIT PRICE], MIN([DISCOUNT]) as [DISCOUNT], MAX([GROSS AMOUNT]) as [GROSS AMOUNT]
From
(select INTSALEID as RECEIPT,
STRSALETYPE as TYPE,
STRORDERCODE as ARTICLE,
max(case when strsaletype='I' then DBLQTYSOLD else null end) as [QTY SOLD],
max(case when strsaletype='I' then CURSELLPRICE1 else null end) as [UNIT PRICE],
max(case when strsaletype='W' then CUROFFERDISCOUNT else null end) as [DISCOUNT],
max(case when strsaletype='I' then CURFOREIGNAMT else null end) as [GROSS AMOUNT]
from DAILYSALES
where STRTRADECODE='MM01'
and DTMTRADEDATE='01-01-2015' and INTSALEID='31086'
and STRSALETYPE in ('I','W')
group by STRORDERCODE,STRSALETYPE,INTSALEID,DBLQTYSOLD,CURSELLPRICE1,
CURFOREIGNAMT,CURDISCOUNT,CUROFFERDISCOUNT) x
Group by RECEIPT, ARTICLE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Vid studiet av missbildningar är en association en kombination av ett antal medfödda avvikelser eller symtom som inte är slumpmässiga men som heller inte är ett beskrivet syndrom, eller är en känd sekvens av missbildningar. Fall där alla avvikelser är koncentrerade till en del av kroppen räknas dock inte som en association. Associationen innebär att denna kombination förekommer oftare än vad man skulle vänta sig av slumpen, men att sambandet mellan symtomen inte är känd. Ett exempel är VACTERL association, där symtom förekommer på minst tre av förkortningens bokstavsbetydelser: V (vertebra, kota), A (anus, ändtarm), C (cor, hjärta), T (trakea, luftstrupe), E (esofagus, matstrupe), R (ren, njure) respektive L (limb, extremitet).

Om sambandet mellan avvikelserna klarläggs, kan associationen omklassificeras till ett syndrom eller en sekvens. Ett exempel på detta är CHARGE-syndromet, som tidigare kallades CHARGE association.

Se även
 Medicinsk diagnostik

Källor

Patologiska tillstånd, tecken och symtom
Embryologi

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Ricky Paull Goldin and Jeff Gurtman topline the one-hour special, airing Sunday, May 2 at 8:00/7:00c.
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The newcomer will launch Wednesday, June 9 following the season finale of "Top Chef Masters."
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CONVICTION KITCHEN, OPERATION WILD and THE FABULOUS BEEKMAN BOYS have all received second seasons.
New episodes of DR. G: MEDICAL EXAMINER will carry the network through its transition to OWN: THE OPRAH WINFREY NETWORK.
The five new series being announced today are OPRAH'S NEXT CHAPTER, VISIONARIES: INSIDE THE CREATIVE MIND, YOUR OWN SHOW: OPRAH'S SEARCH FOR THE NEXT TV STAR, GAYLE KING LIVE! and WHY NOT? WITH SHANIA TWAIN.


text:
Smartly Intertwingled
"Everything is deeply intertwingled" – Ted Nelson's insight that inspired the Web. People can be smarter about dealing with that - in media services, social media, and in society and life more broadly. Technology can augment that -- most notably as the Augmented Wisdom of Crowds (see the Selected Items tab below). The former name, "Reisman on User-Centered Media" still applies: open and adaptable to each user's needs and desires – and sharing in the value they create for users.
Intertwingled?
Reisman Bio
Digital Camelot - The Once and Future Web of Engelbart and Nelson
If you care about modern culture and how technology is shaping it, this is worth thinking about -- A powerful eulogy for where the Web might have gone, and still may someday, and the friendship of the two people most responsible for envisioning the Web* -- Ted Nelson's eulogy for his friend Doug Engelbart, as reported by John Markoff in The Times -- with Nelson's inimitable flair.
As Markoff says:
Theodor Holm Nelson, who coined the term hypertext, has been a thorn in the side of the computing establishment for more than a half century. Last week, in an encomium to his friend Douglas Engelbart, he took his critique to Shakespearean levels. It deserves a wider audience.
Dr. Engelbart and Ted Nelson became acquaintances at the dawn of the modern computing era. They had envisioned and invented the computing that we have come to take for granted.
I first encountered both of them in 1969, and what I saw set the direction for my life's work. Engelbart gave "The Mother of All Demos" in 1968 (I first saw him give a follow-up the next year, and then read most of his work). Nelson dreamed of hypertext and hypermedia, and wrote papers on what he called "hypertext" in the '60s and the highly influential Whole Earth Catalog of "Computer Lib / Dream Machines" in 1974.
As Nelson laments, both received a degree of recognition, but both were marginalized. Powerful as it may be, expediency took the Web in more limiting directions.
Their ideas remain profound and forward looking. Anyone who really cares about the future of media, intellect, and culture, and how information technology can augment that, should consider their work. Just because the Web took a turn to expediency in the past does not mean it will not realize its richer potential in the future. (One hint of that is noted in the next section.)
As to Nelson's comment about "keeping the links outside the file," he refers to the important point that HTML embeds the links in the HTML file, which largely limits linking and annotating to the author/distributor of the HTML page. Nelson views this a crippling to the vision he and Engelbart (and Bush) had, in which links could be created by third parties and associated with the page from outside, thus allowing anyone to link from, annotate, and enhance any work.
I was struck by the fact that interactive hypermedia centered on TV and video are becoming mainstream, and much of it now does keep the links outside the file. Perhaps just a primitive version of Engelbart and Nelson's ideas, but a step in the right direction that might lead to further movement, and maybe spill over into other Web services...
Prime examples are the growing use of Automatic Content Recognition (ACR), which recognize a program and current viewing time-position, and is used to associate independent linkbases with video. This is occurring both with 2-screen apps like Shazam, Zeebox, and IntoNow (Yahoo), and with 1-screen apps in smart TVs from most of the major TV vendors, and with support from major studios.
Video seems to naturally make embedded links problematic (where to put them?). The TV industry tried to embed the links into the content (in such forms as ATVEF trigger streams in the VBI, and more recently in cable operator OCAP/EBIF platforms), but this has proven difficult to get to mass market. Meanwhile, ACR has become popular -- first on the fringes, but now increasingly accepted by both the market and the industry. Studios like Fox are even opening up their TV enhancement content to let independents like Zeebox use that content apart from (and in competition with) the Fox apps. They recognize that the value of their services is enhanced by letting others re-distribute enhancements to their shows (along with independent enhancements) -- anything to increase attention to their shows.
*Of course there were others, most notably Vannevar Bush, who inspired both Engelbart and Nelson.
Posted by Richard Reisman - Teleshuttle Corporation at 11:19 AM
Labels: ACR, Automatic Content Recognition, Coactive Media, Coactive TV, EBIF, Engelbart, Interactive TV, Internet, Media, Media Technology, Nelson, New Media, Smart TV, Social TV
^^^^ See the tabs above ^^^^
CHECK OUT MY OTHER BLOG: THE FAIRPAY ZONE
Solving the revenue crisis for digital offerings -- Since 2010, much of my activity has been focused on developing FairPay, a radically new approach to the critical question of whether and how much people should pay for digital content and services. I believe FairPay will create a new economics that enables far more efficient and broad-reaching value exchange in our networked economy. Please check out The FairPay Zone, and this Overview - or my new book.
On the Augmented Wisdom of Crowds: Social Media, Fake News/Disinformation, and Oligopoly -- A series of posts...
See the Selected Items tab, above
MY HIGHLY PRAISED NEW BOOK:
Richard Reisman - Teleshuttle Corporation
President and founder of Teleshuttle, I have decades of experience innovating in digital media industries. I have managed and consulted for corporations of all sizes, developed a variety of pioneering online services, and hold over 50 patents now licensed by over 200 companies to serve billions of users. I generally develop my work through Teleshuttle Corporation, in collaboration with partner companies. My work on FairPay is now being pursued as a pro-bono project aimed at fostering testing, refinement, and wide adoption. My book on FairPay was published in 2016 by Business Expert Press. (More at http://bit.ly/RRFPbio.)
Homage to the Visionaries
This worldview is with homage to the visions of Bush (Vannevar), Licklider, Engelbart, Nelson, and Turoff that drove this continuing arc of development (and with thanks to my professor at Brown, Andy van Dam).
The Web of Location -- This Wednesday -- MIT Enterprise Forum Symposium
Location-Based Services, Geotagging, and Map Mashups As noted before, I will be moderating this exciting panel this Wednesday, with promin...
The Web of Location -- NYC 6/18/08 -- MIT Enterprise Forum Symposium
Location-Based Services, Geotagging, and Map Mashups I will be moderating an exciting panel, with prominent speakers from IAC (Ask.com, Ma...
The Smart Money of Crowds, April 7, 2009, NYC, MIT Enterprise Forum Symposium
Collaborative Investing Startups Can we exploit the Wisdom of Crowds on Wall Street? -- especially now that the "smart money" no...
A New "Blue Ocean Strategy" for TiVo: CoTiVo
To win big TiVo must be more than just a premium feature offered by Comcast and other distributors. TiVo needs a new way to stand out. Being...
Filtering for Serendipity -- Extremism, "Filter Bubbles" and "Surprising Validators"
[ The Augmented Wisdom of Crowds: Rate the Raters and Weight the Ratings , (2018) puts this in a much broader framework and outlines an a...
i[Carter]Phone? -- Apple and Anti-Competitive Tying
Apple is pushing the laws prohibiting anti-competitive behavior, as noted in an interesting article by James Stewart in today's NYTimes,...
Hyperlocal News symposium by MIT Enterprise Forum of NYC -- 2/24
Hyperlocal News: A New of World of Journalism, Sustainable Business Models, and the $30B Local Ad Market promises to be a very interesting ...
The Augmented Wisdom of Crowds: Rate the Raters and Weight the Ratings
How technology can make us all smarter, not dumber We thought social media and computer-mediated communications technologies would make ...
"The Six Phases of a Technology Flop" ...Patents, and Plan B
A nice piece [The Six Phases of a Technology Flop*] by Jim Rapoza of eWeek shows how technologies often go from bubble to bust ...and on to...
Comcast, Time Warner on iPad -- an ideal device for Coactive TV
The 5/12 announcement of Comcast's Xfinity iPad app, and comments by Time Warner that all cable operators are going to have similar offe...
Teleshuttle Corp
The FairPay Zone Blog
Digital Camelot - The Once and Future Web of Engel...
"The Future of TV" - MITEF-NYC Think Tank Session ...
Twiiter Ad Targeting + Comcast Show It -- Crossing...

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"Set in One" Apple Boxes were specifically designed for use where space is at a premium, such as small location vans and small studios. A "Set in One" is a complete apple box set (1- Full, 1- Half, 1- Quarter and 1- Eighth) of Apple Boxes that take up the same amount of space as just 1- standard Apple Box. They all nest inside the full apple box. Made from the same materials as our standard Apple Boxes, but without the center support. All 4 sides are made of 3/4" Birch Plywood with the top and bottom made of 1/2" Birch Plywood. We put a removable front on the "Set in One", which is kept in place by two locating pins and two very strong "rare earth" magnets so that the internal boxes don't come sliding out when the vehicle makes a turn. The entire set can be carried from the open side without the front coming off. Apple boxes are used in motion picture production as well as stage, theater and dance. Sturdy and rugged, used to raise a platform, steady a camera, elevate a set prop or adjust he height of your on air talent.
(1) Full Apple Box: 12"x20"x8"
(1) Half Apple Box: 10-1/4"x18-1/4"x4"
(1) Quarter Apple Box: 10-1/4"x18-1/4"x2"
(1) Eighth Apple Box: 10-1/4"x18-1/4"x1"


The standings have been updated!
There weren't any posters who were 100% in the week 8 picks.
The game winners were : Albany ST, Benedict, Concordia, Fort Valley ST, Stillman, and Tuskegee.
Once again, there is a tie for the lead position.
Tiger fan we can do it! We just need to push ourselves! My goal is to get a passing grade!


Henrike C. Lange holds a joint appointment in the University of California, Berkeley's Departments of Italian Studies and History of Art. She specializes in European medieval and early modern art, architecture, visual culture, and literature in relation to the Mediterranean. She has a second area of expertise in nineteenth and twentieth century historiography, literature, and art in Europe and the United States. Her scholarship focuses on questions of perspective, narrative, medium, materiality, and spirituality in specific historical contexts. She is currently working on a monograph on Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel and the Roman Jubilee of 1300.


There's surprising news about a pest that's the main culprit in global honey bee colony losses. For decades, scientists thought the Varroa mite fed on bee "blood" (called hemolymph). But new electron microscope images from ARS tell a very different story. The findings could lead to better ways to control this devastating pest. Read more.


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Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists > Lists > Film Lists > 20 Great Anarchist Movies That Are Worth Your Time
20 Great Anarchist Movies That Are Worth Your Time
Posted on April 18, 2015 September 12, 2019 by Brian Bergen-Aurand
There are hundreds, if not thousands, of films that address the themes of anarchism—some favorably (like most the films listed here) and some unfavorably. There are, as well, dozens of respected lists of "anarchist films."
While almost every recent list of films and anarch thought lists V for Vendetta, one version or another of the story of Sacco and Vanzetti, and (disappointingly) either The Matrix or Avatar, this list eschews such titles. Rather, these are twenty films that in their anarchic form and/or content engage in "the conscious creation of situations," to appropriate Guy Debord.
The films raise more questions than they answer regarding leadership and decision making, hierarchies and egalitarianism, autonomy and heteronomy, equity and coercion, genre and storytelling, and intersections among race, class, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. Such complexity, provocation, and affect make these films especially noteworthy.
20. The Anarchist Cookbook (USA, 2002)
"We might not know what we're for, but we know what we're against." Not so much an anarchist film as a hyper-individualist, chaos-driven narrative about a group of drop outs whose motto might be summed up as "Life is just a game," The Anarchist Cookbook raises the issue of how to make films about anarchism without becoming cartoonish renderings of coercive cinema.
On the surface, this drama / romantic comedy is not about anarchist as much as it is about ill-conceived images of anarchists as counter cultural bufoons without focus.
More seriously, though, for our purposes here, a counter reading of the film calls into question mainstream images of anarchism and asks us to reconsider how the social tensions tweaked by such characters as Beavis and Butthead, Bill and Ted, and The Sweathogs might present more than meets the eye in terms of radical critiques of race, class, and social hierarchies.
19. What to Do in Case of Fire? (Germany, 2001)
Comedy about anarchism is difficult, in part, because comedy has to take its subject seriously. While What to do in Case of Fire takes on the interesting issue of what happens to young radicals years after they have settled into the system, it only half-manages to take its subject seriously enough to be comedic.
This film about former would-be revolutionaries accidentally pulled back into the fray is worth a look for the situation it describes and the few jokes it delivers. However, its reliance on sentiment and stereotype impede it developing authentic targets, such as are found in the best work of Chaplin and the Marx Brothers.
18. The Assassination of Trotsky (Italy/France/UK, 1972)
The Assassination of Trotsky was once voted one of the worst fifty films ever made, and in a 1972 New York Times review, Roger Greenspun referred to it as, "a very odd project indeed," but one of director Joseph Losey's which he preferred.
The film is a reenactment of the final months of Trotsky's life beginning on May Day, 1940, in Mexico and is based on books, diaries, and journals about and by the Bolshevik-Leninist agitator and founder of the Red Army. Thus, it bears the weight of a certain history that is both heavily staged and cinematographically compelling.
17. Naked (UK, 1993)
Mike Leigh's film is a controversial choice for this list. The rough story of Johnny (David Thewlis) escaping Manchester after he rapes a woman and is threatened by her family does not address community, direct action, or larger political movements against elite or coercive authorities. Yet, the film does provide a blunt critique of any "work ethic" and an assault on middle and working class morality.
After the opening crime, the anti-hero flees to London, where he avoids associating (let alone connecting) humanely with almost anyone and refuses to engage in work or constructive activity.
In sometimes lengthy speeches, he harangues those around him and accuses everyone of being bored and says that is the problem because he is never bored, never needs to be doing anything productive to pass the time. His special target is the women he encounters. The film remains ambiguous about the causes (political and/or social) behind Johnny's anti-conformity and anti-humanist outlook, prompting viewers to consider him carefully.
16. The Anarchists (South Korea/China, 2000)
Directed by Yoo Young-sik and written by Lee Moo-young and Bangnidamae, The Anarchists is not as much an anarchist film as a film about the use of anarchism for nationalist aims. Set in 1920s Shanghai, the film recounts the activities of a group of young Koreans trying to destabilize Japanese control of their penninsula. Through an anti-occupation terrorist campaign, the five men hope to inspire a resurrection throughout their penninsular homeland.
The film addresses the ambivalence, violence, betrayal, and economic uncertainty that are themes in most such stories. Interestingly here, after "the anarchist" lose their financial backing, they turn to street crime and gambling.
Thus, the film raises issues about the connections between crime and terrorism not always broached in other cinematic depictions of direct political action and counter action. In its look and feel, The Anarchists deploys a mise-en-scéne similar to the one Ang Lee develops in his 2007 film about Chinese nationalist insurgency in Lust, Caution.
15. The Anarchist's Wife (Germany/Spain/France, 2008)
Set during and after the Spanish Civil War and World War II, this film directed by Marie Noelle and Peter Sehr and written by Noelle and Ray Loriga is one of the few films addressing anarchism written, directed, and produced (Marie Noelle) by a woman.
It depicts the story of a woman and her family as they struggle to reconnect with her husband who fought against Franco's forces, was caputured and deported to a concentration camp, and was unable to contact anyone for years.
The film is important for its engagement with personal and familial elements of anarchist and resistance warfare, for telling stories about the lives of those left behind—especially women and children. While The Anarchist's Wife does portray its separate spheres in terms of a gendered binary—the man fights / the woman stays behind—it also takes the time to reconnect the "action" of the front to the "long-suffering" of the ones left behind the lines.
In this light, the film recalls especially Rainer Werner Fassbinder's The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979), about a wife who is not allowed to connect with her husband until it is too late for either of them. Comparing the two films, one can begin to see a more subtle gender politics at play in both.
14. Viva Zapata! (USA, 1952)
In April, 1952 Elia Kazan was called before the House Committee on Un-American Activities to identify Communists he had associated with in the 1930s. First, Kazan refused; then, he provided the names of eight people, all of whom were already known to HUAC. Kazan said he took what he thought was the least bad option, but his actions have affected his critical reception ever since.
In February, 1952 Kazan released Viva Zapata!, starring Marlon Brando as "the Robin Hood of Mexico." While the bio-pic lionizes Zapata, it also overtly endorses a collectivist and anarchist ideology of people's self rule against the Libertarian and Authoritarian-Leftist models espoused by other characters in the film, ultimately portraying the leader as an instrument of the peasants.
Such ideologies will appear reversed in later Kazan films, such as On the Waterfront (1954), where individual needs are shown to supercede social necessities.
13. Behold a Pale Horse (USA, 1964)
Directed by Fred Zinnemann and starring Gregory Peck (as the anarchist bandit Manuel Artiguez), Omar Sharif (as the young priest Francisco), and Anthony Quinn (as the Francoist officer Viñolas), begins and ends in defeat and conveys a sombre, fatalist tone with regard to civil war and personal vendetta.
Thus, it recalls the overall "social realist" timbre of Zinnemanns' films and the actors with which he worked, men who often played men obsessed with losing causes, internal struggles against injustice, and a measure of masculinist "endurance," combining elements of American modernist novels by Hemingway or Faulkner and Italian neorealist films by DeSica.
Twenty years after the war, Artiguez is hiding in France when he hears his mother is dying in a Spanish hospital. His sworn enemy, Viñolas, sets a trap for Artiguez. However, Artiguez learns—indirectly from Francisco—that his mother has already passed away. Artiguez still confronts Viñolas's trap at the hospital, kills a sniper and several other officers, and is killed himself. The film ends with all the bodies on gurneys in the morgue.
The film is important as a 1960s Hollywood feature about the Spanish Civil War; yet, its focus on individual men and their personal motivations as the central active agents in this story neglect larger social, political contexts.
12. Lady L (Peter Ustinov, France/Italy/UK, 1965)
Perhaps every list of political/leftist/anarchist films needs one Peter Ustinov sex comedy. This film—starring Sophia Loren, Paul Newman, and David Niven—focuses on the life and loves of the Corsican Lady Lendale (Loren), who grew up doing laundry in a brothel but later became an aristrocrat through her marriage to Lord Lendale (Niven).
While at the brothel, Lady L falls in love with Armand (Newman), the anarchist thief wanted by the police until Lord Lendale arranges a pardon—in exchange for Lady L marrying him. Now that she is 80 years old, Lady L reveals to her biographer that she never stopped loving Armand, who is the father to the heirs of the Lendale estate. In this way, the film ridicules aristocratic pomposity as well as patriarchal coercion and inheritance.
11. Rebellion in Patagonia (Argentina, 1974)
Between 1820 and 1822, in the Santa Cruz region of Argentina, a group of rural anarcho-syndicalist workers, allied with urban workers in Buenos Aires, revolted against local and transnational wool and meatpacking interests. The rebellion was brutally quelled by the Argentine cavalry, and at least 1500 workers were killed.
Most were executed by firing squad after surrendering. Director Héctor Olivera's depiction of these events focuses on the struggles with decision making within the union and the tensions within anarchist governance. The film features several lively debates where militants and workers argue over tactics and actions.
The film provokes questions about the hierarchical relations between union members and activists, depicting how the simple solution of consensus decisions may, in fact, lead to the deaths of all involved.
Rebellion won the Silver Bear at the Berlin film festival in 1974 and was a popular success with Argentine audiences, who saw parallels in the film to the contemporary situation. After the military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Argentina, they suppressed the film.
best anarchist movies
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Fuze Appoints Chris Doggett as Chief Sales Officer
Cloud and security veteran to lead sales team as global demand for enterprise cloud communications surges
Fuze, the leading cloud-based communications solution provider for the modern global enterprise, today announced the appointment of Chris Doggett as Chief Sales Officer. As CSO, Doggett will drive sales strategy for Fuze and lead its growing global sales organization including direct sales, channel sales, sales engineering, and sales operations.
"I am thrilled to have Chris on board as our chief sales officer," said Colin Doherty, Chief Executive Officer, Fuze. "His deep technology experience, global enterprise sales management experience, and channel expertise make him the perfect sales leader to help take Fuze to the next level."
Chris brings to Fuze more than 15 years of experience in enterprise technology sales leadership, including roles as global channel sales leader at Sophos and as managing director running North America for Kaspersky Lab. Most recently, Chris served as SVP of global sales at Carbonite, where he was responsible for achieving the company's revenue goals and for the productivity of Carbonite's sales and revenue marketing functions.
"Fuze has a truly unique market opportunity to simplify the complex communications stacks of the world's largest companies, get them into the cloud, and provide tools their employees will love," added Doggett. "I am excited to continue scaling the sales processes and team to enable Fuze to fully capitalize on the demand for our award-winning platform."
Doggett joins the company at a time of rapid growth and expansion. In July, Fuze was named to the Forbes Cloud 100 list of the best global cloud companies for the second consecutive year. In May, Fuze completed an oversubscribed $134 million in financing led by Wellington Management Company LLP, bringing the company's total funding to more than $300 million. In Q1 2017, the company announced Colin Doherty as its CEO and published its first global research study, Breaking Barriers 2020: How CIOs are Shaping the Future of Work, which brings fresh perspectives on the digital transformation of the workplace. Drawing on global research carried out with 900 IT leaders, 6,600 workers, and 3,300 teenagers aged 15- to 18-years old, the study has been featured globally in leading business and consumer media.


Ubuntu Manpage: Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
print "cannot fetch directory $parent/$_: not authorized?\n"
·   Changes in Subversion path properties are recorded in the "dir_prop" and "file_prop"
respectively in the "empty" hash.
The interface is unstable.  Do not use this module unless you are developing git-svn.
modules, and git's Git helper module.
"Git::SVN::Fetcher" has not been tested using callers other than git-svn itself.


This park in the St. James area of Winnipeg was named for farmer Peter Bruce (1836-1928) who resided here until his death. In 1933, his family donated the land to the city with the condition that it always remain public green space. Its history was re-discovered in 2004 by ten-year-old Bailey Herron during his research for a genealogy project. A City of Winnipeg plaque, located at the north entrance to the park on Portage Avenue, was unveiled by Herron and Winnipeg city councillor Jae Eadie on 27 August 2004. Inside the park is a cenotaph commemorating those from St. James killed during military service.
Death registration [Peter Bruce], Manitoba Vital Statistics.
"Deaths," Manitoba Free Press, 29 June 1928, page 26.
"Ten-year-old discovers it's his 'great-great-great-great uncle'," Winnipeg Free Press, 28 August 2004, page B7.


Rosalind loves to play with her little deer in the shade of the lime tree. But when the deer is captured by the king and kept in a golden cage, it refuses to eat. Can Rosalind persuade the king to set the little deer free? Hardcover.


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10:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.
(Eastern Time - U.S. and Canada)
Despite a concerted effort that has vaccinated 40% of the population since the start of 2021, Brazil is still struggling to put COVID-19 infections on a solid downward path. Political polarization is increasing, and the 2022 presidential elections could see a repeat of 2018, only this time with Lula the favorite to win over Bolsonaro.
The economy is rebounding, yet expectations among businesses remain depressed, as does CAPEX. Unemployment remains at near record highs, with a worrying downward shift in labor force participation. Nevertheless, inflation has risen, propelled initially by supply shocks (food, oil, electricity and other prices) and increased risk aversion that has called a large depreciation of the Real. These shocks and worsening expectations prompted the Central Bank of Brazil to "normalize" its policy stance, withdrawing exceptional accommodation. The SELIC policy rate is up 225bp this year to July and likely will gain another 225bp to 6.50% by year-end.
Meanwhile, the fiscal accounts are recovering at a good pace from the historic deficit of 2020, but doubts remain about sustainability due to the further extension of fiscal benefits. The overall accounts will improve in 2021, but projections by the Senate's Budget Office (IFI) forecast deficits until 2024 and a gross government debt-to-GDP approaching 90%. Higher interest rates and lower growth may once again worsen the debt trajectory. For investors, the possibility of increased volatility as the elections draw near is a concern.
The Chamber brings together a notable group of economists and political scientists to discuss these themes in our "Brazil: Midyear Economic and Political Outlook." Please join us for this timely discussion.
Paulo Vieira da Cunha, Partner, Verbank Consulting, LLC
Drausio Giacomelli, HeadofEMResearch, Deutsche Bank Securities
José Carlos Carvalho, Partner & Chief Economist, Vinci Partners
Christopher Garman, Managing Director for Latin America, EURASIA Group
Zeina Latif, Principal, Gibraltar Consultoria
André Loes, Managing Director, Morgan Stanley
Shelly Shetty, Senior Director, Fitch Ratings
Members: $25
Non-Members: $50
Webinar information will be provided to registrants once registration has been completed.
Brazilian-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc. | 485 Madison Avenue, Suite 401, New York, NY 10022 | (212) 751-4691
TV | Podcasts | News | FESTIVALS
Modern Media Company
A few weeks ago, I got tossed around in a sea of people at a tiny, packed bar on San Francisco's long-awaited reopening night. The main attraction? A live brass band. And while I fought to stay upright in the crowd, it hit me that this was the first time I had been to a concert since the fateful month of March 2020 when the world started to shut down. I can only describe the experience of watching a musician kill it on the tuba as utterly euphoric. In service of that rush of feeling only live music can provide, check out our Weekender guide for concertgoing in 2021, some legendary rock 'n' roll hotels worth a visit, newly released albums to get you pumped and concert gear you won't want to party without.
Isabelle Lee, Reporter
The Concert Scene
1. To Mask or Not to Mask
Step one: Start with your state and local mask guidelines but also be sure to check the venue's rules. When you're indoors, you can still choose to wear a mask even if you're vaccinated, but if the venue doesn't mandate masks, and the state guidelines match, feel free to belt out the lyrics without a face covering. Some venues are limiting attendance to vaccinated people only, like Bruce Springsteen's Springsteen on Broadway — so if you've been hesitant about getting vaxxed, maybe this is the incentive you need!
Radiance. Confidence. Brilliance. L'Oréal helps bring every woman's beauty alive. For over a century, the global beauty leader has been innovating to improve the efficacy and quality of its products. The glowing result? Earth-friendly products that work to thrill a bolder, more beautiful you.
2. Turn of Events
If attending a live concert topped your must-do list earlier this year, you were in the minority. A Bankrate survey in March found that only 16% of American adults had purchased tickets for an upcoming live event, such as a concert or a pro or college sporting event, with the vast majority taking a wait-and-see approach. Still, outdoor venues like Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado are experiencing a post-COVID-19 surge, and concert planning by artists is in full swing. Events promoter Live Nation Entertainment, in fact, expects to have a better year in 2022 than it had in 2019.
3. Going Live!
Musicians live to perform in front of a live audience. And while 2022 might be a massive year for stadium shows, 2021 is the year for smaller venues. For these bars and clubs, the responsibility of bringing back live music can feel like a "sacred job," says Michael Dorf, the founder of City Winery, which has venues in New York City and seven other major U.S. cities. It's a job many are jazzed to take on after weathering the financial blows of COVID closures, even if it takes extra effort to put on socially distanced shows. For those who prefer a massive mosh pit to a more intimate setting, there's a number of large arena shows in the works, with artists such as Billie Eilish, Bruno Mars and Lady Gaga launching tours this year.
4. What's On?
While some major music events have been canceled, there are still loads of eclectic festivals being held this year. In September, head to Tennessee for the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival, which will feature the Foo Fighters, Megan Thee Stallion and Lizzo, among others. Later that same month, a '90s and noughties revival gets underway in Chicago at Riot Fest, where the Pixies, Nine Inch Nails and The Smashing Pumpkins are set to perform. If your tastes run more toward chill jazz, plan a trip to the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival in October. From electronica to bluegrass, Justin Bieber to Guns N' Roses, the festival circuit is coming to life, so pick your poison and get ready to rage.
Rockin' Hotels
1. The Chelsea, New York City
If these walls could talk. Hotel Chelsea was frequented by rock legends Jim Morrison, Jimi Hendrix and Patti Smith, and was where Janis Joplin and Leonard Cohen had an affair in 1968. True crime fans, take note: This landmark property on West 23rd Street is where Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious allegedly killed his girlfriend Nancy Spungen in 1978 (he died from an overdose in 1979 before he could be tried). Alas, no one's checked into the Chelsea since 2011 — it's been in a "dreary state of endless construction," according to The New York Times — but the hotel is still home to an eccentric collection of long-term residents. That may soon change: Developers are keen to refashion it into an upscale boutique hotel by the end of the year.
2. The Phoenix, San Francisco
This institution in the Tenderloin neighborhood was founded in 1960, and it spent most of its early days as a seedy dive known as the Caravan Motor Lodge before a renovation in the late '80s, when it rose from the ashes as The Phoenix Hotel. The key to its reputation as a must-stay for touring rockers? The hotel offered a free massage to band managers who booked five rooms or more. The promotion worked, and the Phoenix attracted superstars like David Bowie and Kurt Cobain. Today, there are no more free massages, but you can sleep in the room where the members of Pearl Jam once stayed and swim in the pool where Courtney Love was known to skinny dip.
3. Chateau Marmont, Los Angeles
Founded in the 1930s, this hotel quickly became the site for celebrity mischief and hijinks. Legend has it that James Dean jumped through a window to audition for Rebel Without a Cause and that a member of Led Zeppelin rode his motorcycle through the lobby. Bette Davis is said to have nearly burned down the Marmont (reckless cigarette smoking) twice! John Belushi died in one of the bungalows in 1982. More recently, actor Lindsay Lohan was banned from the premises for racking up a gigantic bill, while Hunter Biden was banned for drug use. If you book a stay, chances are good you'll rub elbows with a few famous mugs.
4. The Edgewater Hotel, Seattle
The only hotel in Seattle that sits directly over the water, on Pier 67, The Edgewater helped put the city on the map as a key rock 'n' roll destination. It all started in 1964 when the world's biggest musical act, The Beatles, stayed in the new hotel soon after their U.S. debut on The Ed Sullivan Show. With Beatlemania at its height, fans of the Fab Four even tried to swim across Seattle's Elliott Bay to get closer to their heroes — who were photographed fishing from the window of their suite. It didn't take long for other rock 'n' rollers to flock to The Edgewater, cementing its history as hallowed ground.
'Into America'
Into America is a show about being Black in America. These stories explore what it means to hold truth to power and this country to its promises, and they are told by people who have the most at stake.
On episode 118, "Black Joy in the Summertime," Trymaine Lee explores the traditions and legacy of Black summer communities. Places like Oak Bluffs on Martha's Vineyard, Idlewild in Michigan, Bruce's Beach in California, and Sag Harbor Hills on Long Island. He looks at how these escapes became a refuge of freedom and joy and talks to a family that has spent more than 100 years in Sag Harbor Hills about where the community stands today.
Listening for Inspiration
1. Foo Fighters, 'Medicine at Midnight'
The Foo Fighters are about to embark on their 26th anniversary tour. They will undoubtedly play their biggest hits, but even more exciting will be the chance to watch them perform songs from their new album. Among this year's inductees to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, the band is known for overdelivering in their live concerts — frontman Dave Grohl once kept performing even after breaking his leg on stage. The band's latest album is considered their most upbeat yet and is almost danceable compared to their previous rock-heavy fare.
2. J. Cole, 'The Off-Season'
When Cole's new album dropped in May, it debuted at No. 1 on Rolling Stone 's Top 200 Albums chart. Now he's going on tour, starting in Miami. For those of us who've been missing his presence on the music scene, the tour should be a joyous reminder of what a powerful lyricist and performer he is. The Off-Season moves away from rap's rigid rules and shows Cole giving himself permission to loosen up and have some fun.
3. Arlo Parks, 'Collapsed in Sunbeams'
As its name suggests, if an album that makes you feel like you are drenched in light is intriguing, then look no further than this London artist's latest offering. She's only 20, but her songs display a polish and maturity far beyond her age, and she's got a style that's unusually calm and collected (no wonder Michelle Obama is a fan). Parks is taking the album on a North American tour starting in September. Do yourself a favor and catch her now before she rockets to superstardom.
Gearing Up
1. Top Hat
Hours in the sun lining up for beers, tacos and the porta potty — not to mention the harsh UV rays beating down on you while you watch the musicians — are the reason every festival-goer needs a reliable, stylish hat. And don't even think about grabbing a tired baseball cap; this year calls for headgear that screams cool sophistication: the classic Panama.
2. Keep Your Shirt On
There's no better place to wear your favorite band's T-shirt than at a concert. Sure, a nosy neighbor in the mosh pit may challenge you to name their greatest hits, but you'll be ready to answer in style. Tees like these also come in handy if you're looking for a conversation starter with the cutie standing next to you in line.
3. For the Record
Not yet ready to brave a live concert, despite our tremendous recommendations? Not to worry; there's a great way to bring the music to you, or your backyard, with flair: a retro record player. We like the jaunty red option, but they've all got that vintage-slash-hipster vibe while also being thoroughly modern with Bluetooth connectivity.


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← Ranieri looking forward to Manchester Utd challenge
Ο Ηρακλής… ροπάλιασε τον ΠΑΟ, «επέστρεψε» ο Πανιώνιος – Αθλητισμός – Ποδόσφαιρο – Σούπερ Λίγκα →
Japan gives green light to commence whaling in the Antarctic
Japan has finally confirmed it will commence whaling in the Antarctic this summer, despite the weight of court decisions and scientific opinion against it.
The Japanese government's confirmation of its plan to begin killing nearly 4000 minke whales over 12 years came in letters to the International Whaling Commission published on Saturday.
This follows months of wrangling over Japan's new "scientific research" plan, after the previous program was ruled illegal by the International Court of Justice in a case brought by Australia.
Since then, Japan has faced trouble trying to fit the new plan, called NEWREP-A, within the terms of the international court's ruling.
A special panel of International Whaling Commission experts said in January that Japan had failed to demonstrate the need for killing whales in order to achieve the plan's objectives.
The plan also failed to gain the support of the commission's full scientific committee in May.
Japan's IWC commissioner, Joji Morishita, said in a letter published by the IWC that his government had "sincerely taken into account" recommendations of the scientific committee.
"As a result of such additional works … the proponent reached to a conclusion that it does not require any substantial changes to the contents of NEWREP-A," Mr Morishita said.
"The government of Japan therefore made a decision to start NEWREP-A from this austral summer."
Details of the plan provided to the IWC said that after serious scientific consideration, it has been concluded that the age of whales could only be obtained through "lethal sampling".
The Japanese government has also moved swiftly to fence itself off from further action in the International Court.
Last month Japan advised United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, in a special declaration, that it will take a sweeping exception to the court's jurisdiction.
It said the court's jurisdiction "does not apply to … any dispute arising out of, concerning, or relating to research on, or conservation, management or exploitation of, living resources of the sea".
In a separate action, the Federal Court this month fined the Japanese government-funded whaling company, Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha, $A1 million for contempt of court, over whaling in the Australian Antarctic Whale Sanctuary. The whaling company has refused to recognise the action.
Under the new plan, the area that the whalers will hunt minke whales in stretches around most of the Antarctic continent, from east of the Ross Sea to the South Atlantic.
The government's Institute of Cetacean Research refused to detail the whaling grounds for security reasons, "to avoid violent sabotage activities by anti-whaling groups".
However the anti-whaling activists of Sea Shepherd said they would not be chasing the whaling fleet this summer, with two of their ships in drydock, and a third, the Melbourne-based Steve Irwin, hunting illegal Antarctic fishers.
With the whaling fleet expected to leave Japan in days, the Australian Marine Conservation Society urged Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to stand up against Japan over the decision to resume hunting.
"Australia was courageous enough to stand up to Japan in the international courts, urged on by the Australian people," said AMCS director Darren Kindleysides.
"Once again, the Australian government must step up and challenge the Japanese government's illegal whaling."
On Saturday, Environment Minister Greg Hunt said Australia strongly opposed Japan's decision.
"We do not accept in any way, shape or form the concept of killing whales for so-called 'scientific research'," he said.
Mr Hunt said Australia is "working with other international scientists at the forefront of developing and applying modern non-lethal methods" of cetacean research.
Mr Turnbull recently told Fairfax Media in Hobart: "Our position is standard, that we … strongly encourage Japan to cease its whaling operations in any time, in any season, in any year."
source:theherald.com.au


Immediately recognisable to all Swoosh aficionados, Nike's 'Just Do It' trademark is more than a catchy tag-line, the 'Just Do It' slogan has become an icon within the brand. Synonymous with Nike throughout the last three decades, their famous 'Just Do It' trademark was originally coined in 1988 and has been featured across a range of media on some of the brands most well-loved ad campaigns, with athletes such as Wayne Rooney, Kobe Bryant and Serena Williams all starring in varied, far-reaching, inventive advertisements.
To celebrate 30 years of their famous tag-line Nike are releasing the 'Just Do It' pack. The pack will consist of a host of the brands most iconic silhouettes, with each silhouette featuring the legendary type embroidered and stamped across the sidewalls, toe box and heel.
Constructed from premium, tumbled leather and available in contrasting white/orange and orange/white colour options, the classic tag features prominently across the latest Air Force 1 rendition. The 'Just Do It' slogan is embroidered into the toe box and stamped across the tongue and heel. The branding is also featured on each of the colour options' contrasting laces. Alongside the iconic type, the both silhouettes feature mini swooshes on the mudguard, as well a reflective mid swoosh.
The 'Just Do It' Nike Air Force 1 is available online and in selected size? stores now, priced at £115.


AHHHHH! I was so excited for this shoot. Always wanted to do an engagement with a little campfire and I finally got my wish! Love this couple. Can't wait for their wedding in the summer. Wish I could post all of the images, but these are my favorites!!
After photographing Niki and Steve's wedding, which was one of my most favorite, they now have a bouncing little one-year-old on their hands. I can't believe Morgan is already one! I think it might be time to take down all of Niki and Steve's wedding images and collage from the studio walls!! 🙂 Time does fly. Loved ALL the little accessories for Morgan's shoot, the cake, onesie, little banner, balloons! Thank you to both of you, Niki and Steve, for letting me photograph your little family!


How durable is the Samsung Galaxy M20, Ocean Blue Colour Variant, the New M-Series Budget Smartphone with Dual Cameras? findout in the Video!! I tested the durability of the Samsung M20 by scratching it's unnamed Glass with Coins, Keys and my Box Cutter Knife/Blade, does it scratch?! Also I do the BendTest to find the Structural Strength & Integrity of the device. Watch it to see if it survives my durability test!
This is my 45th take on a durability BEND & Scratch Test, this time on a Budget Level Smartphone from Samsung, the Galaxy M20 2019.
(First initial Impressions, Camera comparisons Vs Realme U1, initial review, Specs (below) and then the durability tests!) The Samsung Galaxy M20 has a Plastic Midframe with a Glass-Finish Back! Is the Samsung Galaxy M20, a Strong Durable Smartphone, findout in the Video? Also, should you buy the Samsung Galaxy M10 ?
Bending smartphones on purpose to know what happens so that you don't have to know by accident and take necessary precautions to protect and safeguard your device!


/ Modified nov 7, 2016 12:03 p.m.
The Frida Kahlo exhibit came to Tucson from The New York Botanical Garden.
After a successful run at The New York Botanical Garden, "Frida Kahlo: Art, Garden, Life" is having a similar impact in Arizona.
Kahlo, who died in 1954, continues to inspire people around the world. Southern Arizona is no exception, said Michelle Conklin, executive director at Tucson Botanical Gardens.
Conklin said October's visitor numbers were up more than 50 percent from 2015, and sales at the gift shop have doubled.
She said the exhibit has attracted many people who may not have visited otherwise.
"It's really introducing people to nature, art, botanical gardens, gardening classes, environmental programs and Frida Kahlo," she said.
A bird of paradise is one of the many flowers at the Frida Kahlo exhibit.
The display came to Tucson in October and will be here until the end of May, with monthly lectures on related themes, such as architecture, plants and the artist herself.
"It's interesting because we've heard not only from adults but from children. I saw a little girl in the garden the other day looking at the pyramid and I asked her if she was enjoying the exhibit, and she just lit up and said: 'I love Frida Kahlo. I want to be a great artist just like Frida.'"
Tucson resident Theresa Foley is on of many people visiting the Frida Kahlo display.


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Boris Johnson's apartment renovation raises questions
Tony Walters May 3, 2021
As Prime Minister, Boris Johnson has a monthly salary of £ 13,114, which equates to just over 150,000 SEK. There are few who will find it difficult to get this salary. But Boris Johnson is not like everyone else. It became clear last week.
When the Conservative Party won the parliamentary elections in December 2019 and Britain left the European Union a month later, Boris Johnson and his partner Carrie Symonds realized that they would likely be allowed to stay in the prime minister's residence for at least another five years.
They decided to renovate the interior and arrange new furniture at 11 Downing Street, whose living space is larger than the floor adjacent to the historic 10th number and thus has been used as the residence of the Prime Minister since the days of Tony Blair.
According to the magazine Tattlers Sources, Carrie Symonds was said to be unhappy with the decor Theresa May and her husband left behind. Now the Prime Minister and his wife have appointed a private interior designer.
And yes, it got very expensive.
The cost was at least £ 88,000 according to emails like daily Mail He got access to. According to the newspaper times There may also be another separate bill for just over 100,000 pounds.
Boris Johnson lives at 11 Downing Street.
Photo: Frank Augstein / AP
The British Prime Minister receives an annual maintenance allowance of 30,000 pounds (about 350,000 crowns) to keep the house in good condition. But the renovation costs have so far exceeded this – no less than 58,000 pounds (675,000 crowns) and maybe much more.
So what did Boris Johnson do? According to British press reports, he has turned to his Conservative Party. There are suspicions that one of the major benefactors, Lord David Brownlow, was responsible for at least one of the bills.
Boris Johnson says He covered the cost entirely on his own. Sources on his team say to the British press that he resolved all potential debts of the party by taking out a regular bank loan.
In other words, the scandal known as "Money for Curtains" in the UK is quickly turning into Boris Johnson's hot potato.
But – and this is where it gets delicate – even if he only gets a temporary loan or small grant from a private individual, it should be made public. So the UK Electoral Commission was established The investigation of the suspected crimes began Against current regulations.
Of course, the opposition in the Labor Party and the Scottish National Party is using this to attack Johnson ahead of Thursday's local and regional elections. This weekend, the leader of the Conservative Party in Scotland, Douglas Ross, was also forced to say that he is the prime minister "It is clear that you must resign." If it breaks the regulations.
In other words, the UK's "cash for curtains" scandal is quickly turning into Boris Johnson's hot potato.
Is it due to greed or simple negligence?
That Boris Johnson was forced Decrease in salary when I become prime minister No secret. Post-Brexit, Johnson was one of Britain's highest-paid writers and spokespersons, and over the years he seemed to have gotten used to a rather extravagant lifestyle. He is said to have told his friends that he needs to earn 300,000 pounds a year (3.5 million crowns) to cover his expenses, according to him times.
The British Conservative press reports that both German and American leaders earn nearly twice as much as Boris Johnson. If the prime minister is lucky, the scandal could thus lead to an increase in wages. It remains to be seen how the electorate perceives it.
Reality. Accused of walking with the network
In addition to the unusually expensive renewal of 11 Downing Street, Boris Johnson has reportedly asked party financiers to help cover the cost of a nanny, personal trainer and chef, according to anonymous informants quoted by various British media.
One of the donors was said to have said no on the grounds that he "does not want to pay for the buttocks scans of the prime minister's children," according to him daily Mail.
A spokesman for Boris Johnson confirmed that he had taken all these costs out of his own pocket.
Tony Walters
"Falls down a lot. Internet fanatic. Proud analyst. Creator. Wannabe music lover. Introvert. Tv aficionado."
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Since Lyft doesn't own the vehicles used on its platform, it has to find incentives for drivers to use them since they cost more. That's why it's trying the free fuel option.
Those brief trips produce a large amount of tailpipe and carbon emissions and worsen L.A.'s air quality, the report said, citing Yifang Zhu, associate director of the Center for Clean Air and an environmental health sciences professor at UCLA.
This article was written by Alan Ohnsman from Forbes and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network. Please direct all licensing questions to legal@newscred.com.