text:
Process for the manufacture of articles of water-hardening material
An improved process for the manufacture of shaped articles from water-hardening materials reinforced with multiple layers of a fibrillated organic film. A plurality of networks are formed from fibrillated organic films and are simultaneously advanced into contact with a water-hardening material to form a composite layer of the networks impregnated with the water-hardening material. This layer is thereafter formed into the desired configuration for the shaped article, and allowed to set. The average number of meshes within the networks with a minimum of two per square centimeter and the number of networks within the layer are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of the final shaped article is at least 100.
Bijen, Jan M. J. M. (Munstergeleen, NL)
Stamicarbon, B.V. (Geleen, NL)
156/42, 156/276, 264/136, 264/146, 264/257, 264/258, 264/333, 264/DIG.47, 428/910
C04B32/02; B28B1/30; B28B23/00; B28B23/02; C04B16/06; (IPC1-7): B32B7/00; B28B11/16; B29H9/02; B32B3/18
156/42, 156/276, 428/255, 428/247, 428/288, 428/910, 264/136, 264/146, 264/257, 264/258, 264/DIG.47, 264/333, 264/288.4, 264/289.6
4168924 Plastic reinforcement of concrete 1979-09-25 Draper et al. 428/255
4107051 Oil sorbing mat 1978-08-15 Lorentzen 428/255
4102338 Hardenable sheet materials 1978-07-25 Parker 428/255
4065597 Fibre-reinforced laminates 1977-12-27 Gillespie 156/42
3944698 Gypsum wallboard and process for making same 1976-03-16 Dierks et al. 156/42
3611699 N/A 1971-10-12 Winninger et al. 264/DIG.47
DE1509853B1 1970-04-09 156/42
GB1130612A 1968-10-16 428/910
Dixon Jr., William R.
CUSHMAN, DARBY & CUSHMAN (8TH FLOOR 8TH FLOOR, 1801 K STREET, N. W. 1801 K STREET, N. W., WASHINGTON, DC, 20006, US)
1. A shaped article comprised of at least one layer of a water-hardening material reinforced with at least five fibrillated organic films which have been enlarged in a direction approximately lateral to the direction of fibrillation so as to form networks, each having a plurality of meshes, wherein the number of networks in said layer and the average number of meshes in said networks with a minimum of two per square centimeter are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said layer is greater than 100.
2. A shaped article comprised of at least one layer of a water-hardening material reinforced with at least five fibrillated organic films which have been enlarged in a direction approximately lateral to the direction of fibrillation so as to form networks, each having a plurality of meshes, wherein the number of networks in said layer and the average number of meshes in said networks with a minimum of three per square centimeters are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said layer is greater than 200.
3. A shaped article comprised of at least one layer of a water-hardening material reinforced with at least five fibrillated organic films which have been enlarged in a direction approximately lateral to the direction of fibrillation so as to form networks, each having a plurality of meshes, wherein the number of networks in said layer and the average number of meshes in said networks with a minimum of three per square centimeter are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said layer is greater than 300.
4. A shaped article comprised of at least one layer of a water-hardening material reinforced with at least five of fibrillated organic films which have been enlarged in a direction approximately lateral to the direction of fibrillation so as to form networks, each having a plurality of meshes, wherein the number of networks in said layer and the average number of meshes in said networks with a minimum of three per square centimeter are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said layer is greater than 500.
5. In a process for the manufacture of shaped articles from water-hardening materials reinforced with a plurality of networks of fibrillated organic films, the improvement comprising the steps of:
forming continuous lengths of networks from fibrillated organic films, each containing a plurality of meshes;
simultaneously advancing a plurality of said networks into contact with a water-hardening material so as to form at least one composite layer of said networks impregnated with said water-hardening material; and shaping said at least one layer into the desired configuration for said shaped article, and allowing it to set;
wherein the average number of meshes within said network, with a minimum of two per square centimeter, and the number of networks within said at least one layer are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said shaped article is at least 100.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein excess water in said water-hardening material is removed from said at least one composite layer and said layer is compacted before said layer is shaped.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein said at least one layer has a thickness of at least 1 mm and contains at least 5 networks.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said shaped article is at least 200.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the number of meshes per cubic centimeter of said shaped article is at least 500.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said shaped article has at least 50 networks per centimeter of thickness of said shaped article.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the average number of meshes per square centimeter of network is at least 3.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein said fibrillated organic film is obtained by extruding polypropylene into a film, stretching said film, while at a temperature of between about 100° and 155° C., in a longitudinal direction to a degree of about 6-14 times its original dimension, and fibrillating said stretched film.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein at least one film is advanced together with said plurality of networks of fibrillated organic films and is incorporated in said at least one layer formed.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein said at least one film is incorporated in said layer as at least one surface thereof.
16. The process of claim 14 wherein at least one of said plurality of networks is bound to said at least one film.
17. The process of claim 1 wherein an expanded sheet material is incorporated together with said layer.
18. The process of claim 17 wherein said expanded sheet material forms at least one surface of said layer.
19. The process of claim 1 wherein said fibrillated organic film is laterally enlarged to the desired amount to form said network by passing said fibrillated organic film over a curved surface.
20. The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of said plurality of said networks is oriented within said layer such that the direction of fibrillation of such network is different from that of at least one other such network.
21. The process of claim 1 wherein said at least one layer is wrapped around a rotating mandrel prior to setting.
22. The process of claim 21 wherein said layer is wrapped around a translating mandrel.
23. The process of claim 1 wherein a plurality of said layers are continuously brought together and thereafter compacted and shaped to form said shaped article.
24. The process of claim 1 wherein said fibrillated organic film is made from a polymeric material containing from 0.001 to 2.5% by weight antioxidant and from 0.001 to 2.5% by weight metal de-activator.
25. The process of claim 1 wherein said fibrillated organic film is made of a polymeric material containing from 0.01 to 1% by weight of a non-phenolic antioxidant and from 0.01 to 1% by weight a complexing agent.
This invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture of shaped articles from a water-hardening material that has been reinforced with networks of fibrillated organic films.
The term "water-hardening material" as used herein refers to a mixture of a dry or substantially dry binder and water, optionally containing aggregates, that can be hardened or bound into a solid rigid mass by reaction between the binder and water. The term also applies to the hardened material after setting. Suitable binders include, for example, various types of cement, gypsum and other similar materials such as Portland cement, aluminum cement, plaster of Paris and anhydrite.
The use of both man-made and natural reinforcing fibers in a water-hardening material to make shaped articles is well known. The fibers may be either randomly distributed throughout the material, or incorporated as layers of loose fibers. Reinforcement may also be provided by incorporating a mat or fibers in such articles.
Continuous processes are known for the manufacture of articles made from water-hardening material incorporating fibrous reinforcement such as asbestos-cement products. However, it is now known that asbestos fibers constitute a serious health hazard to persons either engaged in or in proximity to the manufacture of asbestos-cement products, and those persons working with (such as cutting or shaping) the manufactured asbestos-cement products. For this reason many attempts have been made to devise substitutes for asbestos-cement products having equivalent mechanical properties and comparable costs, but these efforts have for the most part failed.
It has been proposed to make shaped articles of water-hardening materials reinforced by layers of stretched fibrillated organic films, and promising results have been achieved. But conventional manufacturing techniques such as used in the manufacture of asbestos-cement, including the use of rotary mixing equipment to homogeneously incorporate the reinforcing fibers into the water-hardening material, cannot be used with fibrillated organic films. Rather, time consuming and costly hand building techniques have been used which are not conductive to continuous mass production.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a continuous process for the manufacture of shaped articles of reinforced water-hardening materials, which process is flexible both with respect to the content of reinforcing material that may be utilized and the composition of the final article formed. It is a further object of this invention to provide a continuous process for the manufacture of shaped articles comparable or superior to asbestos-cement with respect to both physical properties and cost.
The above, and other objects, are achieved by the present invention by simultaneously advancing a number of networks of fibrillated organic films, preferably at least five, into contact with a water-hardening material so as to form a composite layer of the networks impregnated with the water-hardening material. Excess water, if any, can be removed and the resulting layer is compacted and shaped into the desired configuration of the shaped article, and allowed to set. The number of networks incorporated into such layer, and the average number of meshes within the networks with a minimum of two per square centimeter are such that the average number of meshes per cubic centimeter of the final shaped article is at least 100.
As used herein, the word networks should be understood to means the net-like structure resulting from the enlargement of the fibrillated organic film in a direction somewhat lateral to the direction of fibrillation. The term mesh will be used herein to denote the void areas within and defined by the fibers of the network thus formed.
The number of meshes within a given volume of the layer depends upon the number of networks incorporated per unit thickness of such layer, the number, size and type of meshes per network, and the extent to which the networks have been enlarged in size by stretching. Consequently, all of these factors must be selected so that the number of meshes is at least 100 per cubic centimeter of the final shaped article. Preferably, better characteristics are obtained if such number of meshes is at least 200 per cubic centimeter of shaped article, and it is possible to utilize an even higher number of meshes such as over 300, or even over 500 meshes per cubic centimeter of product. The incorporation of such a large number of meshes per unit volume of the shaped article has a very favorable effect upon its bending behavior. With such a high number of meshes, very fine multiple cracking occurs during pseudoplastic deformation of the article with the result that the article more readily regains its former shape, and superior physical properties are obtained. By multiple cracking is meant the phenomenon that an article, when bent or stretched, shows discrete cracks less than 10 mm apart, and most generally these cracks would be smaller than about 0.3 mm.
The number of networks incorporated per centimeter of thickness of the layer is preferably greater than 10, ideally greater than 25, and optimum results are obtained if the number of networks per centimeter of thickness is over 50.
It is very important that the number of meshes in the networks, which have been enlarged in size by stretching of the fibrillated organic film, is at least 2 per square centimeter, and more preferably at least 3 per square centimeter of network. This number is determined by both the degree of stretching or enlargement of the fibrillated organic film, and the number of initial meshes both laterally and longitudinally. This enlargement, which may be effected laterally and longitudinally, will preferably be to a degree of 11/2 to 150 times, and more preferably 11/2 to 50 times the original dimension. Ideally, the meshes will have a diameter or smallest dimension of about 200 μm. preferably greater than 300 μm.
The percentage by volume of networks in the final product should range between about 0.25 and 20%, and preferably will be between about 2 and 15%. Most preferably, the percentage of networks by volume will be within the range of about 3-10% of the final product. Suitable articles may also be made by providing the above-described concentration of networks and meshes only in the outer portion, having a thickness of at least 1 mm, of the layer or layers forming the shaped article, with a lesser number or no networks in the middle portion of the article.
A network of fibrillated plastic fibers is preferably prepared by extruding an organic plastic material into a film havig a thickness of between about 1 to 1,000 μm, preferably between about 10 and 200 μm. This extruded film can then be cut into bands of appropriate width, if desired, and stretched to, for example, about 10 times the original size. This stretching causes the material to come into a state of imminent fibrillation. The fibrillation is then effected by various known techniques, including passing the stretched film over a roller with nails, a brush or comb introducing slits in the film, or subjecting the film to sheer stresses by means of rollers or air currents. Fibrillation also can be obtained by rotation. In this way, continuous lengths of fibrillated organic films can be produced which can be utilized directly in the process of this invention. Alternatively, a plurality of such fibrillated organic films can be rolled up on a reel, and thereafter unrolled and utilized in the process.
The term continuous as used herein with respect to the fibrillated organic films should be understood to include the use of discrete lengths of such films which are fed into the process from, for example, a reel, but which have a length many times that of the ultimate shaped article. Consequently, the networks according to the present invention consist of continuous fibers, and the elements making the network, such as fibers and fibrils, extend virtually throughout the entire shaped article.
The preferred organic film material for making the network is polyolefin. The network is most advantageously obtained by extruding the polyoelfine, for instance polypropylene, into a film which is stretched to a degree of stretching between 6 and 20, preferably between 6 and 14, and ideally between 8 and 12 times the original dimension. The temperature of the film during stretching should be between about 20° and 160° C., preferably between about 100° and 155° C., but best results are obtained at a temperature of about 130°-150° C. It is preferred that the polypropylene used does not have too high a molecular weight. Preferably the melt index (at 230° C. and 2.16 kg) should be in the range of between 1 and 5, and more preferably between about 2 and 4. This characteristic is very important to proper fibrillation and, hence, the ultimate properties of the reinforced water-hardened articles made therefrom.
The plastics material utilized for the preparation of the fibrillated films may be a polyolefin, but may also be made of any number of thermoplastic materials which form films and fibers, such as polymers of styrene or vinyl chloride, or copolymers thereof. Particularly suitable are partly crystalline polymers such as polyamides and polyesters. Special preferance is given to modified or and preferably unmodified polyolefins. An example of a suitable modified polyolefin is chlorinated polyethylene or polypropylene. Examples of suitable unmodified polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene. Polypropylene homopolymer has been found to be most suitable, although copylymers and block copolymers, for example with ethylene, may also be used, as well as mixtures of polymers.
The polymer utilized may also contain various types of fillers and auxillary substances such as carbon black, polar substances, pigments, light and heat stabilizers and antioxidants. It has been found very important that the correct stabilizers are incorporated in the networks, and favorable results have been achieved with a combination of a metal de-activator and an antioxidant. These compounds are used in amounts of from 0.001 to 2.5% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight. The preferred metal de-activators are complexing agents, some examples of which are phosphoric acid, citric acid, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid or a salt thereof, N,N'-disalicylidene ethylene diamine, lecithin, gluconic acid, hydrazine derivatives and oxanilide derivatives, particularly N,N'-bis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl hydrazine. Preferably citric acid, whether or not free of water, is chosen as the metal de-activator.
The antioxidant may be chosen from amines, particularly aromatic and secondary amines, such as N,N'-disubstituted p-phenylen diamines, diphenyl amine derivatives, amino-phenol derivatives, condensation products of aldehydes and amines or of ketones and amines. Further suitable antioxidant compounds include sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, thioethers, disulphides, and dithiocarbamates, zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate being an example. Also phosphorus compounds, such as derivative of phosphoric acid or dithiophosphoric acid, may be used. However, preference is given to the group of amines.
This invention also contemplates the use of film materials which may have been treated with, for example, radiation such as UV light and corona discharge, or oxidizing acids such as chromic acid, to obtain adhesion between the network and the water-hardened mass.
The networks used in this invention can be obtained by stretching the film lengthwise or longitudinally and thereafter fibrillating the film in a known way. However, the film may also be stretched broadwise or laterally before fibrillation. The film should be stretched while at a temperature below the melting point of the plastic material. The plastic film to be stretched and fibrillated may be a substantially flat sheet material, or it may be provided with thickened parts or ridges. The thicker ridges are connected by thinner film parts in which the fibrillation can be more readily effected. These thickened parts or ridges may be initially formed during the extrusion by using an extrusion die of suitable design, or the thicker and thinner parts of the film may be made by use of rollers. The advantage of the latter alternative is that the direction of the ridges can be freely chosen. It is recommended to chose the slit pattern in fibrillation so that the slits are arranged in parallel rows that are at an angle of 20° to 80° to the length of the film and the distance between which is not a greater than twice the size of the slit lengthwise.
The stretched film may be fibrillated by mechanical means, but it is also possible to effect the fibrillation spontaneously by crystallization. In the latter case, measures must be taken to insure that the degree of crystallization is at least 30% by, for example, cooling one of the rollers with which the film is in contact. This latter method of fibrillation is preferably used for films which have been provided with ridges parallel to one another and at an angle of 40°-70° to the direction of transport. In this case, stretching may be effected longitudinally, laterally or both to form the network. Combinations of films thus obtained, having ridges at different angles to the direction of stretching, have been found to yield products having higher strengths.
Networks which have been fibrillated in varying directions, that is longitudinally and laterally, may be applied together in the product. The advantage of such a construction is that the resulting product shows a more isotropic strength. Preferably the directions of fibrillating are virtually normal to one another.
An alternate but not preferred method for obtaining networks which can be utilized in the present process is by weaving long fibers of fibrillated organic film having the necessary spacing to form the proper mesh sizes. But such a technique does not offer the advantages of directly utilizing a fibrillated organic film by stretching it to form the network.
The water-hardening material with which the networks are put in contact contains a water-hardening binder, aggregates if desired, and water. The relative amounts may vary within wide limits, but the ratio between the amount of water and the amount of water-hardening binder generally ranges between about 0.2 and 10. The aggregates used, particularly sand, should preferably be so fine that the average particle size is less than 1 mm, and the amount used may be varied within wide limits. The ratio between the amount of water-hardening binder and the amount of aggregates preferably ranges between about 0.05 and 3.
Various aggregates and/or auxiliary substances may be added to water-hardening material including sand, gravel, chalk, powdered quartz, plastic waste, sulfur, clay, fibers, vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber, rock wool, glass wool, hardening accelerators, pigments and processing aids. It can also be advantageous to add polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate to the suspension of water and binder, which may have a favorable effect on the oxygen impermeability of the finished article. These latter additives furthermore serve to better protect the plastic of the network against oxygen diffusing into the article which is particularly important when polypropylene networks are used.
The water-hardening material may additionally contain auxillary substances to improve or accelerate its processing into the end products. Such auxillary substances include so-called deflocculants or other surfaces-active agents, hardening accelerators or retarders, and thickeners. These auxillary substances may be also be incorporated in the film material from which they can be slowly released in a controlled manner. Furthermore, other additives such as flame-retarding and/or flame-proofing agents may be incorporated in the water-hardening material and/or the plastic film from which the network is made. For example, antimony trioxide and chlorinated and/or bromonated compounds, either together or separately, may be processed into one or both of the components.
The products obtained by the present process cannot be made in the conventional manner used in the manufacture of asbestos-cement products, wherein a suspension of the water-hardening material and fibers are mixed to a homogeneous consistency in normal rotating mixing equipment and thereafter processed into layers and hardened. It should be readily apparent that such equipment cannot be utilized with the continuous networks or fibers of the present invention, and heretofore time consuming and costly hand building techniques have been required for the ultimate shaped articles.
These difficulties are overcome by the process of the present invention by forming continuous networks from fibrillated organic films and simultaneously advancing a plurality of such networks into contact with the water-hardening material. The fibrillated organic films can be continuously extruded, stretched and fibrillated and directly fed into the process. Alternatively, the fibrillated films or the networks can be unwound from reels on which they have been stored and continuously advanced into the process. In the latter instance, it is preferable that multiple plies of network are placed on a reel so that they may be unwound and directly and simultaneously contacted with the water-hardening material to form the layer. Also a number of such reels can be simultaneously unwound to provide a greater number of networks.
The enlargement in size of the fibrillated films to form the networks fed into the process may be done by various means known in the art, such as by the employment of tapering chain belts. If the film has been stretched and fibrillated longitudinally, the networks will have to be widened to, for example, ten times the original width. As this widening requires only a relatively slight force, relatively simple methods can be used. One simple but effective method consists of passing the network over curved surfaces, either bent sections or bars, so that the network stretches laterally. The advantage of this method is that no special equipment with moving parts is required for this lateral enlargement.
On the other hand, where the film has been stretched and fibrillated laterally, the desired enlargement must be obtained by lengthening the network longitudinally. This can be very simply effected by making the conveyor roller turn more rapidly than the feed roller, providing faster transport than feed.
The networks after enlargement must be secured to the desired dimension, particularly laterally, for instance by thermal treatment or by means of so-called odd spacers to which the fibers of the network are fixed. If desired, these networks may be provided with thickened parts along the sides of the networks that serve as guides having greater thickness and, hence, greater stiffness. These guides may be fixed to the spacers.
The contacting of networks with the water-hardening material in order to impregnate the networks can be accomplished by various methods. These include pouring in which a suspension of the water-hardening material is formed and poured, by means of a distributor, onto the networks as they are unwound and advanced through the process. Alternatively, the various components of the water-hardening material may be applied by spraying or sprinkling. Any excess water present can be removed for example by vacuum through a porous material, and the resulting layer of networks and water-hardening material is then compacted by vibration and/or compressing so that better coherence is obtained. The layer is thereupon shaped into the desired configuration for the ultimate shaped article and permitted to set. Alternatively, a number of such layers can be formed, continuously brought together, compacted, shaped, and allowed to set, in order to form a shaped article of greater thickness.
A special advantage of the present process that one or more various types of film can be fed together with the networks and incorporated in the layer. These films may be plastic films, or may be films or sheets of paper, cardboard and similar materials, or may be spun, woven or knitted fabrics of natural or man-made materials, or may be metal foil. The films may be provided with meshes if desired, but the area of these meshes should be smaller than the meshes of the networks. If meshes are provided, they may be utilized to discharge excess water when the layer is further processed.
These films may serve a number of various functions including providing a cover film or a decorating film on one or both of the flat or broad sides of the shaped article. Such a film can also be used to enable layers to be readily split at a later stage. The film can also serve as a support during production of the layer or later on as a support for the finished article. For this latter purpose, the film need not be fully closed, and a small mesh area is permissable.
Such a film can also be used to maintain the networks at the desired size or enlargement by attaching them to the film by gluing, stitching, stapling or ultrasonically. The networks can also be attached by use of local heating and melting from high frequency heating, irradiation, hot air, or by putting hot objects in contact with the network layers. The networks may be attached only to one another, rather than to such a film, by these methods as well.
Another advantage of the present invention is that layers of other materials such as foamed polymers or other foamed, expanded or light materials can be incorporated into the product formed. Examples of such materials are expanded polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene or polyurethane, and mineral materials such as perlite, rock wool or glass wool. The additional layer or layers of these materials can impart insulating properties to the products, as well as lower weight, lower price and better protection against moisture and impacts or blows. These additional layers or sheets can be supplied either continuously or intermittently or can be formed in situ, after which the reinforced water-hardening layer is applied. Alternatively, such additional layer or sheet of foam may be applied to the formed layer of water-hardening material and networks.
If desired, a light and/or foamed or expanded material may be processed as an aggregate added into a previously prepared suspension of the water-hardening binder, water and any other aggregate or additives. It is also possible to foam the suspension containing the water-hardening binder itself.
Another application of the products of the present invention is to use them together with fillers incorporated as a separate layer in the ultimate product. An example of such a composition would be a layer of gypsum surrounded by layers of water-hardening material reinforced with networks. If desired, the gypsum layer itself may also be provided with a network reinforcement. It is also possible to apply separate cement layers of different composition, for example, one or more cement layers containing glass beads.
It can thus be appreciated that one of the advantages of the present invention is the wide range of variations that are possible without considerable alteration of the production process. The process of the present invention has the flexibility that the number of networks, and the amount and nature of other materials incorporated in the water-hardening composition can be varied.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the process of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a bending curve of a 4-point bending test on product obtained in accordance with the example recording deflection as a function of load.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The stretched and fibrillated organic film 1 is payed out from reel 2 as endless web, after which it is given the desired width to form a network by means of spreader 3, consisting of a curved surface in combination with a wedge shaped chain belt (not shown). A plurality of such networks may be supplied together from one reel or from several reels (not shown in the figure). If so desired, another film, such as another plastics material 4, may be supplied from reel 5. The additional film may itself be provided with meshes, and in the embodiment illustrated in the figure, the network can be attached to the film by fixing device 7 by means of glue or heating. The networks are then advanced into contact with the water-hardening material, in this case Portland cement, sand and water fed through conduits 6.
In the particular variant of this embodiment, an additional film having a small mesh area 9 is also incorporated into the resulting layer from reel 10, after which one or more additional networks 11 can be applied to the layer from reel 8. Additional water-hardening material is supplied through conduit 6 by spraying, pouring or sprinkling. The resulting layer is then subjected to pressure to effect proper mechanical binding between the networks and the water-hardening material. The resulting layer is shaped, if desired, in device 12 by compressing and cutting, and then set or hardened in device 13. The final shape may be a sheet, or other shapes such as a tube, corrugated sheet, or box.
The layer obtained before hardening may also be processed into tubes or other articles by wrapping this layer around a mandrel or other mold by rotating the mold. This can be effected continuously by translating the mandrel at slow speed during the rotation. Thereafter the continuous tube thus obtained can be sawn or cut into pieces and allowed to set. It is also possible to apply several layers around the mandrel at various angles thereby giving the resulting article improved strength. The network used in this winding method should preferably be one which has been enlarged comparatively little, although the number of meshes per cubic centimeter in the final product should still be at least 100 and preferably at least 200. For instance, when the network has been stretched lengthwise, the widening should be less than 100%.
The water-hardening material can also be applied to the networks by passing the networks through a bath containing a suspension of the water-hardening material. However, for best results the suspension should contain a surface-active agent in an amount of between about 0.01-5% by weight relative to the weight of the water-hardening material, and preferably an amount of between 0.05 and 4% by weight. Examples of suitable surface-active agents are sulfonated urea formaldehyde resins, cellulose derivatives and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resins. Other means for applying the water-hardening material include spraying the suspension onto and into the networks, or applying one or more of the components of the water-hardening material to the networks separately.
During the formation of the layers excess water, if any, can be removed by means of suction devices. If desired, the layer during formation can be supported by an endless rotating belt of felt or some other supporting material, not shown in FIG. 1, which preferably is porous.
The materials obtained by this process have properties which in at least some respects are much superior to conventional asbestos-cement. Products made according to the invention exhibit a smooth bending curve as shown in FIG. 2, in which load is plotted against deflection. This smooth bending curve is an indication that very fine multiple cracking occurs, which is a highly desirable characteristic contributing to beneficial properties such as impermeability and recovery from load deflection. Additional advantages of the present process are derived from its flexibility, permitting many variations in the nature of the shaped articles which can be formed. The products produced by the process furthermore have the advantage that they are relatively easy to cut and work with, and can be nailed and screwed without the risk of breaking or tearing.
These products are also capable of use in some places in which no asbestos-cement has been used thus far because of restrictions imposed by its properties. Application of the materials of this invention is primarily found in the building industry where it is utilized in the form of sheets, tubes, corrugated sheets, pipes, panels, boxes and troughs.
A sheet was produced in accordance with the process illustrated in FIG. 1 and described above, except that only networks obtained from fibrillated organic films were used. The networks were prepared by extruding polypropylene having a melt index of 2.5 (230° C., 2.16 kg) into a film and stretching the film to a degree of 8 times at a temperature of 140° C., resulting in a final film thickness of 25 μm. Fibrillation was thereafter effected mechanically by means of a roller with brushes, which produced rows of parallel crevices 12 mm in length. The rows were made at an angle of 43° to the length of the film. Three films were combined having a total thickness of 75 μm, and were wound on reels 15 at a time. To produce the reinforced cement sheet, 4 reels were used in succession resulting in a total of 180 networks being simultaneously advanced through the process to form the layer and ultimate sheet.
The films were unwound from the reels and the width was enlarged from 6 centimeters to 100 centimeters, and the number of meshes in the resulting networks were 3 meshes per square centimeter. The film was then advanced into contact and impregnated with a suspension of Portland cement A, water and sand. The sand particles had a size range from about 100-200 μm. The water-cement factor (WCF) was 0.75, and the amount of sand was 20% by weight relative to the cement.
The layer thus formed was subsequently pressed to a thickness of 6.6 mm and cut. The WCF of the cut sheets amounted to 0.25. The final product contained 5% polypropylene networks and had 810 meshes per cubic centimeter of end product. After 28 days of setting at a relative humidity of 95%, the following properties were measured:
Bending strength--30 N/mm2 (MPa)
E-modulus--10 GN/mm2
Tensile strength--10 N/mm2 (MPa)
Water absorption--7% by volume (after 28 days' setting in water of 20° C.)
Charpy impact strength--40 N/mm2
FIG. 2 shows the curve obtained by plotting force against deflection in a four-point bending test. This curve is very smooth without any discontinuity, which is an indication of a very fine type of multiple cracking. Furthermore, the steepness of the curve in the psuedoplastic range is excellent. This fine type of multiple cracking imparts superior physical properties to the shaped article, including the retention of impermeability, for example to water, and the ability of the article to regain its former shape more rapidly and more completely after the load has been removed. Such fine type of multiple cracking also permits a lower safety factor to be used in strength calculations. These beneficial properties are attributable particularly to the large number of meshes per cubic centimeter of article.
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Yesterday afternoon I observed some activity on the chimney of the house across the street. Upon closer observation I noticed a handsome male American Kestrel dining on some prey he had just captured. The captured prey turned out to be another bird and the kestrel was wasting no time in consuming his prey.
It was difficult to positively identify the prey bird but unfortunately the bird appeared to be a Spotted Towhee.
Predator/prey relationships generally have a winner and a loser. If the predator succeeds – the predator wins! If the prey escapes – the prey wins! Seldom, if ever, is there a win/win situation. The natural world is beautiful, but not neccessarily kind. It's all about survival.
Today we personally experienced a Predator/Prey relationship and like most all Predator/Prey relationships there was a winner and a loser.
When I was closing the trunk to the car after grocery shopping yesterday I noticed that the sticker on our PA license indicated that it had expired on 03/2010. I thought that couldn't be true we purchased the car in late August 2009. We did however transfer Judy's Handicap plate from her trade-in to the new car. Still believing that the license plate had been updated to the same calendar as our new vehicle purchase, I checked the PA registration – "EXPIRY 03/2010," it read. We had been driving our vehicle in CA for a month without a valid registration.
I had a sinking feeling that I had just become a target Spotted Towhee. I returned home and after unloading the groceries, I immediately went to the computer and "googled," well actually "binged" (I'm trying it out) the CA DMV. A nice website with all the neccessary information I needed – online forms to fill and print out. That accomplished we settled down for the night and rested for what was about to come.
We headed to the Hemet, CA DMV office this morning hoping that it would not take a lot of time to get the problem resolved. After a 30 minute drive we arrived at the DMV office and there were people wrapped around the building waiting to get in to conduct business. With Judy's handicap we were able to "buck the line" and go right in. We received our number and two hours later our number was called. The towhee was now heading directly towards the kestrel. The clerk was very nice and accepted our documentation.
After a considerable amount of time while the clerk, working on behalf of the kestrel, calculated all the figures informed us that State of California (kestrel) would require $802 to register our "out-of-state" vehicle. The kestrel was now picking the bones of the towhee and it didn't feel good at all. We paid the kestrel and now have a temporary registration but still have to get a SMOG test before they will provide us with a permanent registration and license.
The natural world is beautiful, but not neccessarily kind. It's all about survival – and the State of California continues trying to survive.
We feel blessed that we have already had more than $802 worth of sunrises, sunsets, sunshine, rainbows, and new places to explore and visit that have cost us nothing. It all equals out!
On a positive note, we attended the Temecula Valley Garden Club Flower Show over the weekend and placed some raffle tickets in some of the nice offerings. Yesterday, I received a call that we had won the Picnic Pack. Both of us had forgetten which offering that was but when I picked it up this morning it turned out to be one of the one's we both wanted.
This entry was posted on Monday, May 3rd, 2010 at 7:38 pm	and is filed under General Information. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
I have seen a few of the rose tree folks up at the mtn to see golden eagles recently..and it made me wonder how you were doing. So I am checking in! sorry not to have time for extra web blog searching too often. I love the story about the kestrel. sorry you were the towhee that day. I hope you have caught some migration this fall! happy holidays.


Thomas Beckman – "The Viola voice of Vancouver" maintains his official website at thomastheviolist.com. He engaged Derek Mason as his music producer for the soundtrack of the award-winning environmental trek film, "Colours of Edziza". Sadly, Derek could not continue beyond three tracks of music for the film, due to his advanced illness and then his passing in February 2015. Read some excellent information on Thomas Beckman's blog posts regarding the inroads made by this excellent film. The music was a great part of the film's success. Thomas reflects on the importance of this music in his post re the CBC Breakthrough and Soundtrack Release.
Kelly McQuillan – Singer-Songwriter Kelly McQuillan's official website. Derek produced her debut EP "Walking Tall", which you can download there, or from her distributor site.
Lola Acala on Reverbnation – Lola Acala's soul music is available from iTunes links found here. Or, just go to the iTunes page for Lola Acala.
Nina Winkler on iTunes – Nina Winkler's produced debut album is available on iTunes. It's a very artistic work, lyrically and musically.
Barry Ross – A poetic songwriter with impressive guitar skills, Barry first engaged Derek as a music producer in 2011. From 2012 to 2013, during their co-production of Barry's debut CD, Mason and Ross also did some live duo work in cafés and event gigs around Vancouver and Seattle. In late 2013, Barry moved to LA where he currently lives and works.
BC Film – Programs and services to help the growth of BC films.
CFTPA – Canadian Film and Television Production Association.
Telefilm Canada – Federal cultural investor in film, television and music.
VFS – Vancouver Film School.
These two pages each contain part of the story regarding Derek's loss of life because of this aggressive cancer. The page articles contain a number of outbound links to additional vital information.
Featuring Derek Mason's session instrumental work, arrangements, recording and engineering; view the credits on Song Productions page.


Nicely updated and well maintained Nichol Creek basement home with updated kitchen, crown moulding and neat as a pin, Mr. & Mrs. clean live here! Southern exposed, LUC lot, backyard w/lane access & concrete RV pad. Underground sprinklers, close to shopping & transit. Lots of off street parking, 1 bedroom mortgage helper has separate entrance and the laundry is shared, but accessed separately.


text:
ColeValleyGirl
Peggy Jones' ancestors
Ron Wright's ancestors
George Henry Brookes (1865 - 1911)
George Henry Brookes1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
Father Samuel Brookes (cal 1837 - 1908)
Mother Mary Nightingale (1839 - 1912)
Family with Sarah Ann Staines (1866 - 1913)
Son Ernest Edwin Brookes (1888 - 1913)
Daughter Florence Beatrice Brookes (1889 - 1903)
Daughter Mabel Brookes (1892 - 1892)
Son Archibald ("Archie") Brookes (1893 - 1917)
Daughter Dorothy ("Dolly") Brookes (1896 - 1980)
Daughter Lilian ("Lily") Brookes (1900 - )
Daughter Elsie Brookes (1901 - )
Events and attributes
22 November 1865 (age 0)
Bromford Lane, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England10,4,6,8
2 April 1871 (age 5)
James Bridge, Darlaston, Staffordshire, England9
3 April 1881 (age 15)
Butcher8
Back Lane, Oldbury, Worcestershire, England8
19 December 1887 (age 22)
To Sarah Ann Staines
Primitive Methodist Chapel, Queen Street, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England
Woman's age:	21y
Man's Age:	22y6
Turner6
Braybrooke Road, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England6
2 August 1888 (age 22)
Turner12
48, Arthur Street, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England12
Holloware Turner7
32, Izons Road, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England7
4 March 1892 (age 26)
32, Izons Road, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England11
18 September 1896 (age 30)
23, Beale Street, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England3
Stoker3
12 October 1896 (age 30)
1898 (age ~33)
Foreman16
18 April 1898 (age 32)
36, Eel Street, Oldbury, Worcestershire, England16
31 March 1901 (age 35)
Boiler Stoker (At Works)4
25, Alfred Street, Handsworth, Staffordshire, England4
13 February 1903 (age 37)
Stoker at brickyard15
Stoker at Brick Works5
Court 11, 3 White Road, Sparkbrook, Birmingham, England5
12 July 1911 (age 45)
Boiler stoker13
3 Back, 65 White Road, Bordesley, Birmingham, England
Cause: Phthisis13
[S18] England, marriage certificate (certified copy) for Robert Wright & Dorothy Brookes, married 25 October 1919; Aston 6d/112, Worcester; General Register Office, Southport
[S36] England, birth certificate (certified copy) for Dorothy Brooks, born 2 September 1896; registered 12 October 1896, West Bromwich district 6b/903, West Bromwich North East Sub-district, County of West Bromwich; General Register Office, Southport.
[S37] Christ Church (West Bromwich, West Bromwich, England), "Register of Baptisms", Dorothy Brookes, 18 September 1896; digital images; Findmypast (http://findmypast.co.uk : accessed 21 September 2016)
[S38] 1901 census of England, Staffordshire, West Bromwich, Handsworth, George H Brookes; digital image, Findmypast (http://www.findmypast.co.uk : accessed 21 September 2016); citing Class: RG13; Piece: 2708; Folio: 36; Page: 20.
[S39] 1911 census of England, Warwickshire, Birmingham, Aston, George Brookes; digital image, Findmypast (http://www.findmypast.co.ukco.uk : accessed 21 September 2016); citing Class: RG13; Piece: 2806; Folio: 118; Page: 38.
[S158] England, marriage certificate (certified copy) for George Henry Brookes & Sarah Ann Staines, married 19 December 1887; West Bromwich 6b 1207 , Staffordshire; General Register Office, Southport.
[S159] 1891 census of England, Staffordshire, West Bromwich, George Henry Brookes; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.co.uk : accessed 13 September 2017); citing Class: RG12; Piece: 2269; Folio: 40; Page: 34
[S160] 1881 census of England, Worcestershire, Oldbury, Samuel Brookes; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.co.uk : accessed 13 November 2017); citing Class:RG11; Piece: 2841; Folio: 40; Page: 18;
[S161] 1871 census of England, Staffordshire, Darlaston, Samuel Brook; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.co.uk : accessed 13 November 2017); citing Class: RG10; Piece: 2956; Folio: 107; Page: 18;
[S162] England, birth certificate (certified copy) for George Henry Brookes, born 22 November 1865; registered 18 December 1865 West Bromwich district WEST BROMWICH district 06B/d64, West Bromwich South West Sub-district, County of Stafford; General Register Office, Southport
[S169] St Johns (West Bromwich, West Bromwich, England), "Register of Baptisms", Mabel Brookes, 4 Mar 1892; digital images; Findmypast (http://findmypast.co.uk : accessed 14 November 2017)
[S170] Christ Church (West Bromwich, West Bromwich, England), "Register of Baptisms", Ernest Edwin Brookes, 1 August 1888; digital images; Findmypast (http://findmypast.co.uk : accessed 14 November 2017)
[S172] England, death certificate (certified copy) for George Henry Brookes, died 12 July 1911; registered Sep Quarter 1911, Aston district Bordesley Sub-district, County of Birmingham; General Register Office, Southport.
[S177] England, death certificate (certified copy) for Sarah Brookes, died 15 March 1913; registered 17 March 1913, Aston district 6d/739, Erdington Sub-district, County of Birmingham C.B.; General Register Office, Southport.
[S193] England, death certificate (certified copy) for Beatrice Brookes, died 13 February 1903; registered 17 February 1903. Solihull district, Solihull Sub-district, Counties of Warwick and Worcestershire.; General Register Office, Southport.
[S171] "National School Admission Registers & Log-books 1870-1914," online images, Findmypast, (http://www.findmypast.co.uk : accessed 14 November 2017), entry for Ernest Brookes 1898 at Chance's School Oldbury Worcestershire School citing Worcestershire Record Office 45_BA4406_2_3
Copyright 2015+ ColeValleyGirl (Helen S. Wright)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pastels come in 4 forms: hard pastels, soft pastels, pastel pencils, and oil pastels. I only use soft chalk pastels as they are easy to smudge and blend. Working with pastels is not quite as straightforward as the other mediums. With pastels, you can achieve a wonderfully luscious, velvety texture. The deep, rich colors are easy to blend and when used well, they can have a splendid luminosity. Another advantage is that you don't need a lot of tools to work with pastels. Because pastels are not permanently fixed to the surface of the paper, they must be handled extremely carefully. Pastel art can be accidentally smudged all too easily. In addition, they can be quite messy on your fingers, hands, clothes, and work area. Pastel art cannot be properly "fixed" with a fixative spray without dulling and darkening the colour which I always find rather disappointing.


I did much of the modelling, texturing and animation for this TV brand ad.
Shameless self-promotional spot put together entirely in Cinema 4D.
Learn the top baristas' hottest secret techniques. Make coffee like a pro at home!


Blood-thinning medication is commonly prescribed for people with AFib to help reduce the risk of stroke. When you have AFib, the chaotic rhythm of your heart may cause blood to pool in your heart's upper chambers (atria) and form clots. If a blood clot forms, it could dislodge from your heart and travel to your brain. There it might block blood flow, causing a stroke. Blood thinners can lower your risk of a stroke.
While blood thinners are important for reducing stroke risk, they can contribute to excessive bleeding. In an emergency situation or in the case of life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding, excessive bleeding can be serious, but this risk is reduced by using a reversal treatment.
Reversal treatments work to reverse the blood-thinning effect of blood-thinning medications. Ask your health care provider about reversal treatment options. A health care provider can administer a reversal treatment in an emergency situation and will restart the blood thinner as soon as possible after the emergency.
In our HealthyWomen survey, we found that 59 percent of women were not aware that there are reversal treatments for some blood thinners used to reduce the risk of stroke with AFib, so we want to help spread awareness for this important treatment option.
Ask your health care provider if there is a reversal treatment available for your blood-thinning medication in case you find yourself in an emergency situation, such as excessive bleeding that could be life-threatening.
Ask your health care provider about available reversal treatment options.
Your health care provider administers the reversal treatment.
Using a reversal treatment does increase your risk of stroke and blood clots. To reduce the risk, your health care provider will restart you on a blood thinner as soon as possible after the emergency situation.


text:
Links (external links open in a new window)
Massive on Wikipedia (in Dutch)
Eva Renee Nele Bode – Wikipedia
Lights in the Palace of the Republic designed by Peter Rockel – Google
Palace of the Republic, Berlin – Wikipedia
East Germany – Wikipedia
Vintageinfo
Other globe lamps
(Anti Spam) Which is bigger, 2 or 8?
Atomic Globes Chandelier
Materials: Chromed metal (iron) tube, rods and parts. 9 white opal glass globes. Bakelite sockets.
Rod Length: 40 cm / 15.74"
Height: 40 cm / 15.74"
Width: ∅ 65 cm / 25.59"
Electricity: 9 bulbs E14, 9 x 60 watt maximum, 110/220 volt.
Any type of light bulb can be used, not a specific one preferred, but a white bulb gives the best result.
Period: 1960s, 1970s – Mid-Century Modern.
Designer: To be appraised.
Manufacturer: Massive, Kontich and Wommelgem, Belgium.
Other versions: This atomic globes chandelier exists in many forms and sizes, small to super big. Until recent years the glass globes were still for sale in the Massive shops, maybe today. They are made of thin glass and break easy.
This chandelier has many similarities with the globe lamps designed by Eva Renée Nele Bode (born 1932) for Temde Leuchten. Often said Max Bill, but that is not true.
It also has similarities with the lamps designed by Peter Rockel for the Palace of the Republic in the GDR (German Democratic Republic – East Germany). Also Fabio Bergomi (Italy) and many others.
Massive was in origin a bronze foundry and they produced mainly candlesticks, crucifixes and chandeliers in Wilrijk near Antwerp, Belgium. The company was founded in 1926 by Pieter-Jozef De Jaeck. His son Eddy De Jaeck was responsible for the huge expansion of the company in the 1970s. But it were his sons, Piet and Jan De Jaeck who made Massive a true multinational. Thus, they moved production to Eastern Europe and China.
In the 1980s Massive became the leading brand in Europe. In 2002, the brothers left the company to the investment fund CVC Capital Partners, for allegedly more than 250 million euros.
Since 2008 the company is owned by Philips and the name of the shops is changed into Light Gallery.
When the takeover by Philips was announced in November 2006 Massive commercialized more than 10.000 lighting products under brand names such as Massive, TRIO and Lirio. The group had about 5.000 employees worldwide and was active in 70 countries.


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Sports' new Secret-Sauce: Data Science
How Data Science is driving the word of professional sports
If you've ever wondered how to win the most competitive football league in the world with almost 20% of the season left to play and a 36%-point margin, here's the recipe: a talismanic manager, superstars in the starting line-up and tactical brilliance using a bucket load of data science.
The story of Liverpool Football Club comprehensively dismantling all competition to win 4 major trophies in the last year-and-a-half, including its first English first-division League title in 30 years, may be one for the history books, but this extraordinary success wasn't by chance. It was the result of careful curation of every aspect of their game and establishing 'Pitch Control' – a novel data science-based style of play perfected by those at the club, to make it the most dominant club in world football today.
The power of AI and Machine learning has traditionally found widespread application in sales, marketing, healthcare and finance, among several others. But the brilliance of this technology lies not only in this, but in the pliability of genre that it provides. Ever since Moneyball (2011) – where Brad Pitt eulogised data analytics by using it to build the most competitive team in the league on a minimal budget – sports analyses using advanced machine learning and analytical methods has taken over almost every major sport around the world. Big data has essentially become an unflinching pillar in the world of professional sports over the past few years.
IMAGE: Liverpool FC employing 'Pitch Control' (source: Liverpool FC)
The two major aspects of sports analyses – on-field and off-field – have both been revolutionised. Artificial Intelligence uses a plethora of technologies built upon specific test parameters to continuously gauge each player's on-field performance. This reveals valuable insights regarding the individuals – and the overall team's (such as in football or basketball) – tactics, fitness levels and performance pattern. Big data has also brought improvements in draft selections and game day decision making, allowing managers increased flexibility and team control, and consequently earning a seat for data managers right next to the coach's chair.
In fact, even if we discount their on-pitch brilliance, Liverpool FC boasts of one of the most decorated benches of statisticians and data scientists continuously analysing every aspect of their game as well. Off-field analytics has also allowed team owners and managers to dig deep into the business aspect of sports including ticket and merchandise revenues, fan engagement, social media and the like, ensuring they can maintain trajectories of continued growth and increased profitability.
Sports analytics using AI has now become so very indispensable to the world of sports, that several organisations have even started offering courses on it – promising a rather fruitful career ahead. AI and machine learning have the unique ability to identify specific skills among players that could improve team balance or lend the edge needed for a team to succeed.
Mathematical models using identifiers to predict the player's abilities and leveraging past data to forecast their future potential is something that has already been used in several video games (such as the FIFA series; check this for an interesting user-defined analysis) for decades now; but using it in real-life analysis is slated to be absolutely crucial going ahead.


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Moussa Sissoko
Moussa Sissoko moment of magic provided a glimpse of what NUFC could be
Moussa Sissoko's second goal against Chelsea has ranked as your favourite goal of the season in our survey
Neil Cameron
Newcastle United's Moussa Sissoko celebrates scoring against Chelsea FC
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As befits the song that honours him, Moussa Sissoko didn't let anyone get past him in the race for Goal of the Season.
His second strike of an incredible afternoon, the winner as it happened, against Chelsea on February 2 at St James' Park, was one of the few genuine euphoric moments of the previous campaign.
Were there better goals scored by Newcastle United last season?
Yes, probably.
Hatem Ben Arfa's curled effort to earn a home point against Aston Villa and Yohan Cabaye's long-range strike at Villa Park both spring to mind.
But there was something about Sissoko's winning goal, the way Newcastle beat the-then European champions having been 2-1 down well into the second-half, that made everyone inside the stadium that day truly believe that things were about to change.
Good play by David Santon saw the Italian slip a pass to the big Frenchman, making his home debut, who then side-footed a graceful shot past Petr Cech from the edge of the box.
He then ran to the dugout for one big group hug. It was that sort of a day.
Sissoko's late second goal in that match gained 32.3% of the votes; second was that Ben Arfa goal on 27.1%; and third came Yoan Gouffran's effort at QPR with 13.6%, more for the importance than the quality.
It is little wonder that the win over Chelsea was voted game of the season and by a considerable distance – some 90.8%. Second in the vote was the dramatic win against Anzhi in the Europa League on 4.1%.
That says as much about the lack of real highlights in the season as it does about the genuine excitement fans felt that day.
Even the two Chelsea goals were terrific – Frank Lampard's shot was the hardest I have ever seen – and, hey, Jonas Gutierrez scored.
This performance against Chelsea was a one-off, in the Premier League campaign at least, but showed what the team is capable of, or hinted at the squad's potential.
It's the one 90 minutes that every fan clings to.
Peter Thurgood of Chester-le-Street said: "That game showed us the potential of what the team could be."
And Gosforth's Chris Talbot said: "The most satisfying game of the season. We'll just have to hope we see more performances like it next year."
That day against Chelsea made us all believe that the season would end well.
Sissoko looked a world-beater that day and, indeed, once he plays in a settled role could well be the man to make United tick.
Ben Arfa's terrific goal against Villa at St James' got over quarter of the votes, which came as little surprise.
It's also a reminder, if it were needed, that a fit Ben Arfa can make a huge difference.
Richard Sowden, Morayshire, described it as, "a wonderful shot with wonderful technique."
While Ryan Adams, Denton Burn, went for Cabaye's at Anfield, which wasn't on our list, but admitted the Ben Arfa goal was a "close second."
Gouffran's goal that won the penultimate match at QPR won't be remembered by anyone outside the Newcastle support. However, its importance was fully appreciated.
David Beattie, Burnley, said: "That summed up our season. Scrappy, reliant upon another team and a great relief."
And Steven Hendry from Cramlington said: "It wasn't a special goal, technically, but it kept us in the Premier League."
It's hard to argue with that.
But you kept coming back to the win over Chelsea – and little wonder. At the time, Alan Pardew didn't attempt to hide his pleasure at what his team had done.
He said: "It was the best game I've ever seen as a manager.
"Obviously, in the cup final we (West Ham) had the 3-3 against Liverpool in 2006. It was at that level, trust me. That was a real game of football. The Chelsea team were determined to turn round the situation. It was their best team. Branislav Ivanovic was back in at right-back, John Terry in the team.
"It took a real, proper performance from us to get a win against them."
Toni Harvey, Newcastle, said: "This was a good game as they battled it out until the end and didn't give up the fight until the last second." Matthew Norton of Washington summed up what so many thought.
He said: "It was the only real great result of the season where we could, as fans, walk away from the ground unable to fault the effort of a single player."
Of all the questions we asked, the answers to these two showed up the most how miserable the season was.
There wasn't much debate over the best goals and none at all over what the best game was.
The 3-0 home win over Bordeaux was just about remembered by 68 of you, despite the fact it was actually a superb performance against a more than decent side.
As Michael Dixon of Richmond said: "We played so well in this game. The football was fluid and exciting to watch; a rare sight in a poor campaign."
One really good game from an entire season – mixed in with a few decent goals – is not nearly enough.
Newcastle fans can do nothing but look forward. Looking back is too painful.
We asked fans – favourite United goal of season?
"Sissoko's was a great goal in a great game."
David Low, Thaxted
"While not the most skilful goals, Sissoko's double were of the great significance.
"We had hoped they would be the catalyst to turning around our season."
Daniel Goldstein, London
"Personally I would have gone with that Cisse volley against Southampton at home but it wasn't on the list.
"HBA's against Villa was a sweet strike though, a very good goal."
Tom Robson, Newcastle
"I'll go with the Moussa Sissoko 2 vs Chelsea from the selection, but I personally think that Cisse's goal vs Southampton is the United goal of the season.
Jordan Tipples, Cardiff
"Ben Arfa's against Villa was some hit – power and direction.
"However, the eight goals referenced are a pale comparison to our best eight from last season."
Keith Hogan, Newcastle
Your choice for Toon game of the season?
"Not a lot of real choice!"
John Farrer, Ovingham
"Chelsea was by far and away the best team performance of the season."
Richard Smith, Ryton
"The way the new signings (Sissoko) gave us renewed hope and optimism was brilliant.
"It looked so much like 'another one of those games' when they scored towards the end."
Martin Tinlin, Newcastle
"The Chelsea game had absolutely everything.
"It was a perfect way to introduce the new signings, and Moussa Sissoko's display and goals will be remembered for a long time.
Daniel Prince, South Shields
"The sheer relief of the win at QPR must make it top of a very small list in a shocking season of disorganised, under-motivated tripe."
Bill Ridley, Manchester
Alan Pardew
Hatem Ben Arfa
Eddie HoweNewcastle set to make big appointments but Eddie Howe has already encountered Steve Bruce issueNewcastle United will appoint a chief executive and director of football as the club changes off the field but it will take time for the Magpies to truly take off under Eddie Howe on it
Newcastle evening headlines: Saint-Maximin's transfer plea, Shearer's fury and Peter Kenyon links
Newcastle United FCAll of the latest Newcastle United headlines including updates on Allan Saint-Maximin, Alan Shearer, Peter Kenyon and more
Newcastle United evening headlines as Danny Murphy outlines what must be done to stay up
Newcastle United FCDanny Murphy has been speaking about Newcastle United's chances of staying in the Premier League
Three transfer alternatives to Donny van de Beek for Newcastle United to target
Newcastle United FCDonny van de Beek supposedly rejected Newcastle United earlier in the window, but who could the Toon target instead?


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18-Wheeler Truck Accident Lawyer
Industrial Vehicle Accident Lawyer
Boating Accident Lawyer
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Workplace Injury Lawyer
Refinery Explosion & Oilfield Accident Lawyer
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Hernia Mesh Lawyer
3M Earplug Injury Lawyer
Agricultural Mass Tort
Roundup Lawsuits
Paraquat Parkinson's Lawsuit
La Porte Paraquat Parkinson's Lawsuit
SCHEDULE MY FREE EVALUATION
The chemical herbicide Paraquat is extremely popular in the agriculture industry, used on more than one hundred different types of crops throughout the United States. Unfortunately, this pesticide is also dangerously toxic to humans. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to Paraquat has been linked to cases of Parkinson's disease, a progressive nervous system disorder that affects motor function.
The emotional repercussions after a neurological disease can last a lifetime — not just for individuals but also for their families. If you suspect that Paraquat could be to blame for your diagnosis or health issues, you'll need to begin the legal process to seek compensation. But you shouldn't have to worry about navigating a complex legal process on top of the distress you're already experiencing.
At the Lopez Law Group, we've helped countless injured individuals and their families recover from a traumatic experience so they can get the compensation they deserve. Our La Porte, Texas personal injury attorneys will build the strongest case possible to hold the negligent party responsible for their actions. We'll represent you completely, so you can focus on what matters most — your health and well-being.
What to Know About Paraquat Parkinson's Cases
The National Institutes of Health conducted a study in 2011 showing that individuals who were exposed to the herbicide Paraquat were two and a half times more likely to develop Parkinson's disease as a result. Syngenta, the Swiss manufacturer of Paraquat, countered the study, saying that individuals were actually less likely to develop the disease. However, Paraquat was eventually banned in 32 countries due to health concerns, and it was discovered that the pesticide had been banned for more than 20 years already in Switzerland — the very home of its manufacturer.
Paraquat has been exposed as a toxic chemical, and it's even more likely to lead to Parkinson's disease when consumed or inhaled. Common symptoms of Parkinson's disease include:
Slowed movement (bradykinesia)
Rigid muscles
Impaired posture and balance
Loss of automatic movements
Speech changes
Writing changes
Why Hire a Paraquat Parkinson's Lawyer in La Porte to Help with Your Case?
Even if you choose not to hire an attorney to resolve your case, consulting with an agricultural mass tort litigation lawyer gives you a clear understanding of your rights and options, which can significantly improve the outcome of your case.
Filing a claim and managing a case can be difficult, especially when you are dealing with ongoing health issues. What's more, negotiating with insurance companies by yourself can be challenging because insurance company employees are trained to settle claims for less than the costs of actual medical expenses and lost wages incurred.
An experienced La Porte personal injury lawyer, however, will know how to protect your case and how to ensure that you receive the settlement you're lawfully entitled to — from your own insurance provider as well as from that of the negligent party. In addition to legal counsel, a lawyer will serve as your educational resource, providing support with finances, medical care, and other issues relevant to your case.
How the Lopez Law Group Can Help
If you've developed Parkinson's disease, or are experiencing health issues that you suspect are linked to Paraquat exposure, you need a trusted advocate in La Porte by your side who will fight to ensure that your rights are protected. We know that health issues or a disease diagnosis can be devastating, and we want to help ease your burden during this difficult time.
At the Lopez Law Group, we're here to guide you through every step of the legal process and fight for the fair trial or settlement you deserve, no matter how complex the case. Our Texas mass tort litigation lawyers represent you completely through the process of creating a claim, filing a complaint, obtaining a settlement, and going to trial if necessary. Here's what you can expect when you partner with us:
Detailed, one-on-one communication
A free initial case evaluation
In-depth updates on the status of your case
Aggressively legal representation
Assistance in English or Spanish
At the Lopez Law Group, we are personal injury lawyers who serve the Weslaco, Tyler, Spring, Mission, McAllen, Laredo, Houston, Edinburg, Corpus Christi, Brownsville, and Harlingen areas. If you're in need of a mass tort litigation lawyer to represent you in a Paraquat case, we're here to help. We offer a free case evaluation, where we'll discuss your case to help you decide the next best steps to take and achieve the fair outcome you deserve.
Contact us online or call (956) 420-0781 to schedule your free case consultation.
You Deserve One Of The Best Texas Personal Injury Lawyers
with 10 years of Personal Injury law experience
WE WIN OR YOU DON'T PAY
Our staff works on a contingency fee basis, which means you don't have to pay us until we win your case or secure a settlement on your behalf.
We proudly serve both the English and Spanish Speaking Community.
Experienced in Personal Injury
Over more than a decade, the Lopez Law Group has handled thousands of personal injury cases like yours. We can effectively negotiate fair and maximum compensation.
Consistent Communication
The process of reaching a fair settlement can be intimidating. For that reason, our personal injury and car accident lawyers are here to explain the process of your case from A to Z.
We offer free case evaluations. Get yours today and allow our team to advise you on your next step.
HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR PERSONAL INJURY CASE?
Let us review your case. Our trusted legal team can provide you with the experienced, comprehensive insight you need. Contact the Lopez Law Group to receive a free case evaluation at 1 (956) 426-0618 today.
SCHEDULE MY FREE CONSULTATION
Injury Law Practice Areas
We Serve The Best Service
Let us review your case. Our trusted legal team can provide you with the experienced, comprehensive insight you need. Contact the Lopez Law Group to receive a free case evaluation at (956)426-0498 today.
18-Wheeler Big Rig Accident Lawyer
Agricultural Mass Tort Lawyer


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You may go into your BTC Wallet, select the required currencies and enter to receive, replicate your top up location address to your required platform.


I believe that most of us living in higher latitudes would say that winter is the season most lacking in visual interest. The landscapes are cold and sunlight is in short supply. Deciduous trees lose their color and most other plants retreat beneath the soil so that all we can see of what was once green, living, and prolific is now drawn, twisted, and crisped. There is little evidence of life in the shallows of moving water and anything that might stir in the darkened depths of a pond is locked away beneath a blanket of ice. I suppose, if you had asked me a year ago, I would have agreed that winter was indeed a season with little artistic merit or interest. This WordPress photoblog celebrates its one year anniversary today. To date 288 posts have been published and these have drawn from a media library which currently contains 812 images. My Mother may have to correct me but I believe that she and my Dad gave me my first serious camera (a Nikkormat EL) while I was still in grade school. My Dad had always been a photography enthusiast and saw to it that I had a fully equipped darkroom by the time I was in high school. When I entered college I was a serious underwater photographer and had dreams of following in the footsteps of National Geographic photographer David Doubilet. Alas, we all know too well how contingent the twists and turns of life can be and that very few of us are lucky enough to ultimately pursue those Walter Mitty plans formulated at a time when the realities of life are unknown to us. My life has taken a very different path and I hadn't thought about photography for a very long time until the inception of this blogging project. Since then my interest in photography has rekindled. The images below are my way of showing you that I have relearned what I knew long ago … that there is color, texture, and interest in everything if you simply take the time to look. The winter season is far from colorless, much to the contrary. That's not to say that the winter palette of color does not differ from those of other seasons. It certainly does. One has to learn to see these different colors and to appreciate what are perhaps less obvious textures. Once you can do this you will revel in endless possibility.


"If cancer patients get some immune protection from the flu shot, it could shorten the caurse of their illness if they do get the flu, and it may keep them out of the hospital."
Widespread influenza activity continues to be reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with a recent increase in flu-related hospitalizations.1,2 Patients with cancer are at increased risk from flu complications and should receive the flu shot, but not the flu nasal spray vaccine, which contains live flu viruses.
Cancer patients who are actively being treated for cancer can safely receive flu shots, Mollie deShazo, MD, told The ASCO Post. "It is not going to be dangerous for them. The question is how effective it will be." Dr. deShazo is Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology and Medical Director of Inpatient Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
"The debate is over how effective the flu shot is really going to be in patients who are undergoing active chemotherapy," Dr. deShazo said. "The way the flu shot works is basically to train the immune system to react to the flu if it does get exposed to it. With cancer patients, you don't know how effectively their immune system is going to react to the flu shot," she explained.
Dr. deShazo listed a number of other precautionary steps that patients with cancer can take to decrease their chances of getting the flu. "Staying away from sick people" topped the list. "My rule of thumb is that patients should stay at least 6 feet from someone who is coughing. They don't have to put themselves in a bubble, but they do have to be reasonable," she said.
Disclosure: Dr. deShazo reported no potential conflicts of interest.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Situation Update: Summary of Weekly FluView, updated January 10, 2014. Available at www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly. Accessed January 15, 2014.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: U.S. Flu Season Is Here, CDC Urges Vaccination, updated January 3, 2014. Available at www.cdc.gov/flu/news/flu-season-here.htm. Accessed January 15, 2014.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Cancer, the Flu, and You, updated December 20, 2013. Available at www.cdc.gov/cancer/flu. Accessed January 15, 2014.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: What You Should Know for the 2013-2014 Influenza Season. Updated January 8, 2014. Available at www.cdc.gov/flu/about/season/flu-season-2013-2014.htm. Accessed January 15, 2014.


Leka Roofing Solutions provide an innovative, modern and attractive alternative to the standard 'plastic box' roof on traditional conservatories and sun rooms. We're a cut ahead the rest of the market, having learned from the flaws of our competitors designs, which has helped us to produce the highest quality of home improvements.
Leka has produced a system which is soon to be patented as the only 'GRP solid conservatory roof system' on the global market today. After years of research and development, Leka has resulted in a roof system that is not only solid and tiled but lightweight and offers a far more aesthetically pleasing look to your home improvements.
Watch the video to find out more about the Leka roof system and how it will transform your conservatory or ensure that your new build is a usable space all year through.
So what's so special about Leka?
The Leka Roofing system is changing the future of conservatories.
Through an innovative design, specially developed materials and guaranteed exemplary standard of fitting, we can promise your Leka roof will be unlike any other. The lightweight materials give an overall U-value of 0.15, which is a huge cut above anyone else in the current market, where competitors are double the weight. This makes it an extremely energy efficient addition to your home.
Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) is used instead of conventional timber or aluminium. This eliminates the risk of issues such as wood rot, swelling, condensation, cold conduction, sweating and damp. The removal of the usual need for a plywood outer structure also eliminates deterioration, is 100% weather proof and has a higher longevity.
Leka has also produced their own insulating finishing board for the roof. This is a third lighter than traditional plasterboards prior to finishing and offer insulation at the same time. Using all of the products specially designed by Leka, gives your home improvement a significantly higher lifespan, and all components are provided with a 40-year warranty.
With the innovative LEKA products throughout and combining insulated sheets with Celotex insulation the LEKA system has fewer elements to install onsite which speeds up your installation timings. The average installation only taking 2-3 days including removal of your old conservatory roof and a full deep clean before we leave.


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Shampoo XIII
Well-Known Member · 22 · From New Jersey
Find all content by Shampoo XIII Find all threads by Shampoo XIII
Zombie Jew on a stick.
Why do people think someone being gay will affect the lives of others?
DuhWhitePanda
They'll see my fineness all nekkid in the change room and get turned on.
http://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2015/02/12/spring-2015-playstation-vita-games-include-oreshika-tainted-bloodlines-hotline-miami-2/
lol Dan Smith Mr0303 • 15 hours ago
Its already been established he (Phelan) is a stupid troll. Pay no attention to him dude.
awwww other people think your hero is a troll as well.... what a surprise
Benna....0.0.....What are you talking about?
Nobody cares whether or not a white rapper won in the Rap categories. They just REALLY didn't want Iggy to win
Black-Moustache
Grammy Awards? Aren't they just glorified opinions?
Larry Bird. nuff said.
Persona 5....MUST HAVE IT....NOW!!!!!
Hmmm. How does Sonata & Cadenza sound for twins?
More Americans have been married to Kim Kardashian than infected by Ebola.
Reactions: 1 person
Interior Crocodile Alligator, I drive a Chevrolet movie theater.
Pokemon ORAS - 7.8/10 for "More of the same" Call of Duty: MW3 - 9.0/10. Oh IGN.
Hector !!
Well not to dismiss oras, or accept it's rating, but it kind of was more of the same.
mw3 I don't think it's worth its score, but I actually enjoyed. That's is when I started getting into call of duty. I saw some change from mw 2.
I think the scores should be reversed though
Lazerith
7.8 for too much water
Young thug sounds like courage the cowardly dog trying to explain a situation.
Gotta finish my backlog before March
Now we're officially fucked https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BnSaaZPaAI
Go Packers!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkUrLFa6lH0
This is why I don't answer questions in class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FF23M7XSaU
Have you ever noticed that Bruce Wayne and Batman are never in the same place at the same time?
No. But I have noticed that Bruce Wayne and Batman are in the same place at all times.
Merry Christmas to everyone. I hope you all have a great holiday.
Zombie slayer
Merry Christmas to you too
Ask Bevis, I get nothing butt head.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSrTnWDTdwI
Get that garbage away from me.
LOL. I know the song is shit. I'll use another example
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuedZ1Y_dU4
For knowing Big L
wow, i just checked the standings. 9-6 philly eliminated from playoffs because of a 6-9 div. winner just sucks balls. so unfair
Yep. No Christmas for Philadelphia this year.
Stories for Boys!!!


Wants to go rafting in Vail.
Sent him with bad tour.
Sun pours in the room.
Heat makes me sweat and lazy.
How I miss the snow.
Respect my space he didn't!
Your Yoda poem is funny, but why is he with a cockroach???
Well theres hardly many females of err whatever yoda is on Dagobah.
Just swamps and err marshland and err trees and cockroaches!
Anyway what have you against cockroaches - theres plenty of em where we are going!
Always goes there for the girls.
There is a deeper meaning somewhere in the poem. It is capable of touching us all.
have we ruined another perfectly legitimate thread with our japery?
Hmmm not sure if that counts as a haiku but what a blatant plug!!!!!!!!
Alternative disturbing Haikus can be found in Palahniuk's awesome Fight Club.
Speaking of which - how come u aint got a pick of you up yet?
Do you look crazy too?
And are we talking just a little 'mad' or fully "wipe the rabid foam from your mouth" crazy?
can i put in one post?
God, Dob, what are you doing!?!
I must get a life.


text:
Take Me With You Podcast
(Ep. 155) Los Angeles: Wish You Were Here!
October 18, 2021 Season 3 Episode 51
Oct 18, 2021 Season 3 Episode 51
We are in a series where we revisit all of the Wish You Were Heres that have been shared on our podcast, this time broken down by location. This week we're revisiting locations from Los Angeles.
4:25 Angel's Flight, Los Angeles, CA
10:40 La Brea Tar Pits, Los Angeles, CA
15:40 The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, Los Angeles, CA
24:30 The Getty Center, Los Angeles, CA
28:45 Perch LA, Los Angeles, CA
30:25 Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, CA
33:10 Grand Central Market, Los Angeles, CA
34:55 Bradbury Building, Los Angeles, CA
Follow us on Twitter & Instagram: @tmwypodcast
Leave us a voicemail (or text message): (406)763-8699
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All content © 2022 Take Me With You Podcast.


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Gibson County Veterans Court Holds Inaugural Graduation
The Gibson County Veterans court held its inaugural graduation. The court is one of only two standalone veterans' courts in west Tennessee.
"Our program is designed to combat recidivism, combat jailing our veterans. It's here to help restore, to help rehabilitate and build up our veterans so that realistically they can be served in the way that they served us," said Veterans Court Coordinator Stacy Miller.
The four-phase program started eighteen months ago- today, they celebrated the first three graduates.
"They have had so many things that they have overcome that they have conquered. They have found courage and strength in themselves again," Miller said.
Veterans that find themselves in the court system can be eligible for the program, "You have to have experienced PTSD, military, sexual trauma, traumatic brain injury, mental health or mental illness and substance abuse issue," said Miller.
The court works to meet the physical, emotional and psychological needs of the veterans that participate.
Stacy Miller and others work tirelessly, "To be able to get their sentences reduced. To be able to get them diverted. Expunged. We just want to be able to be a service to our servicemen and women who served our country," Miller said.
"Gibson county has over 3900 veterans, and our program's not about punishment. It's about restoration. We want to serve those who first served us," said Gibson County General Sessions Judge Bradley Owens.
The veterans complete one hundred and twenty hrs of community service as part of the program.
Every participant in the program gets a veteran mentor called a "battle buddy."
"So when they need somebody and we can't be reached, or if it's something that we can identify with, that only another veteran would understand, they call that person," Miller said. She added, "Maybe it's a text, maybe it's going out for coffee, maybe it's a ride to a doctor's appointment. But our veteran mentors are critical and a huge component of what we do with veterans court."
And Judge Owens has seen the impact this program can make, "I've just seen what has happened with our first three graduates, where they started and how far they've come and what it's done to make a difference in the lives of veterans who have served our country and served us so well. Just seeing how much it's helped them, it's just it makes a difference in our community."
The veteran's court plans to make the graduation an annual


1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time in their lives. Show your support for them this October when you purchase our new Pink Breast Cancer Awareness Bracelet. The pink leather bracelet is adorned with glass beads and .925 sterling silver charms, decorated with pink ribbon and heart designs. These breast cancer bracelets will let the world know that you stand firmly behind your wives, mothers, sisters, aunts and every other woman out there, in the face of this terrible disease. Buy one of these leather charm bracelets for yourself or for someone special in your life. Our glass bead leather bracelet, like other cancer awareness jewelry, highlights the love and support we have for the strong women in our lives. Please add half an inch to your bracelet length to accommodate the beads.
My best friend at work is a cancer survivor.