Located on the eastern bank of the Chattahoochee River, Columbus was created by the Georgia legislature in 1828 as a trading post right across the border of Alabama. Initially, Columbus thrived as a cotton trading town, but soon became an industrial center as a growing number of textile mills and sawmills harnessed the power of the river.
According to some reports, Jews lived in the Columbus area as traders even before the town was officially founded in 1828, laying the groundwork for a Jewish community that endures today.
As Columbus' industrial economy blossomed, growing numbers of Jews were attracted to the west Georgia town. One of these was Jacob I. Moses, who was elected mayor of Columbus in 1844. By 1859, there were 20 Jewish families in Columbus, most of whom were involved in retail trade. Of approximately 37 Jews listed in the 1859 Columbus city directory, 17 were dry goods merchants and 3 were clothing merchants. Another seven were store clerks. Five were skilled craftsmen, including four tinners and one shoemaker. One of these merchants was Rebecca Dessau, who owned her own millinery shop while her husband owned a dry goods business.
This growing number of Jews banded together in 1854, forming the congregation B'nai Israel. Many of these founding members were German immigrants. They initially gathered in members' homes, but later met in a building on the northeast corner of 10th Street and 5th Avenue. The group also used this rented space for a school, which taught the members' children about Judaism, as well as Hebrew and German. In 1859, B'nai Israel purchased a house on 10th Street and 4th Avenue, which they converted into a synagogue. The women of the congregation raised the money to furnish the new building and sewed the curtains and ark curtains themselves.
Perhaps the most notable Jewish citizen of Columbus was Raphael J. Moses. Born and raised in South Carolina, Moses came to Columbus in 1849 from Apalachicola, Florida, where he had been a lawyer. Columbus was closely tied to Apalachicola through the cotton trade and Moses already had contacts and clients in Columbus when he arrived in 1849. Moses became one of the most prominent lawyers in the state of Georgia, but also joined the ranks of Southern planters with his purchase of the Esquiline Plantation. By 1850, Moses already owned 16 slaves. He soon became a pioneer in the development of the commercial peach growing industry in Georgia. In 1851, he became the first planter to sell peaches outside of the state, shipping his produce to New York. He had found a new way to preserve peaches during shipping, using champagne baskets instead of pulverized charcoal. Moses became a very successful planter, which required more labor. By 1860, Moses owned 47 slaves, and was listed as a "farmer" in the US Census, even though he continued his law practice.
As sectional tensions heightened, Moses became a staunch secessionist and a fiery orator for the Southern cause. At 49 years old, Moses was too old to fight for the Confederacy, but was appointed as the Confederate Commissary for Georgia, in charge of supplying and feeding 54,000 Confederate soldiers. His nephew, Edward Warren Moise, who had trained to be a lawyer with his uncle in Columbus, spent $10,000 organizing a company of 120 soldiers which became part of the Confederate army. Once, when food supplies were low, Moses went back to Georgia to make personal appeals for people to donate food and money. During the war, Moses became close with Confederate General Robert E. Lee, and was with him during the Battle of Gettysburg. Three of Moses' sons fought for the Southern cause, one was killed in battle. Moses is famous for carrying out the last orders of the Confederacy, when President Jefferson Davis ordered him to keep boxes filled with $40,000 worth of gold and silver bullion and make sure it was used to help defeated returning soldiers. Traveling with armed guards after the South's surrender, Moses took the gold and silver to Augusta, where he negotiated an agreement with a Union general, who promised to use the money to care for and feed former Confederate soldiers.
After the war, Moses returned to Columbus, where he resumed his law practice. He had suffered a financial blow during the war, having invested much of his money in slaves prior to secession. All but one of his former slaves left Esquiline after their emancipation. His net worth went from $55,000 in 1860 to $35,000 in 1870. Since he had not served in political office before the war, Moses was eligible to run. Moses served in the Georgia legislature during Reconstruction and was a fierce critic of the state's Republican administration.
Moses was never a member of B'nai Israel, though he did have a strong identity as a Jew. When his daughter got married in 1865, he tried unsuccessfully to get a rabbi from New Orleans to perform the ceremony, which took place under a chuppah. In 1878, he backed one candidate for political office, whose opponent raised Moses' Jewishness as a disqualifying factor. Moses responded to his critics on August 29, 1878 in the local newspaper; his assertion of Jewish pride was reprinted around the country: "I feel it an honor to be of a race whom persecution can not crush, whom prejudice has in vain endeavored to subdue." When he ran for congress, Moses explained, "I wanted to go to congress as a Jew and because I…would have liked in a public position to confront and do my part towards breaking down the prejudice." When Moses died in 1893, he was buried in a family cemetery on the Esquiline Plantation.
Columbus Jews played important roles on the Southern homefront during the Civil War. Louis and Herman Haiman were brothers from Prussia who owned a tinsmith shop and a small sword making business before the war. The demand for their swords peaked after hostilities began, and Louis bought the Muscogee Iron Works during the war. He sent his brother Elias to Europe to ensure that a ready supply of British steel got through the Northern blockade. By 1863, Haiman had 400 workers, many of whom were young boys, turning out 250 swords a day, which made them the largest sword manufacturer in the Confederacy. By the end of the war, Haiman's factory was also making pistols, though it was soon destroyed by Northern troops. After the war, Haiman literally turned his swords into plowshares, manufacturing plows that he sold to area farmers. Two other brothers, Simon and Frank Rothschild, who had previously owned a dry goods store, started a uniform manufacturing business in Columbus, making 5000 army uniforms during the first year of the war.
Other enterprising Columbus Jews found themselves on the wrong side of the law during the war. Simeon Stern co-owned a dry goods store in Columbus with his brother Bernhardt before the war. In 1862, Simeon was arrested along with another man named Rosenberg for passing counterfeit Confederate money in exchange for cotton. Authorities found $18,000 in counterfeit bills at the Sterns' business. At the time, there was great concern within the South that the Union was secretly using counterfeit money to undermine the economy of the Confederacy. Stern's arrest led to suspicion being cast on L.G. Sternheimer, a mohel who also led services for the B'nai Israel congregation. A boarder who lived with the Sterns, Sternheimer also passed some counterfeit bills, though he claimed ignorance of their shady provenance. When Sternheimer was interviewing for a job with Macon's Jewish congregation a few years later, he had to once again defend his innocence from this plot. Since he was never charged, Sternheimer was hired by the Macon congregation.
During the Civil War, Columbus' B'nai Israel sought to hire Rabbi James Gutheim, who had left his congregation in New Orleans after refusing to take a loyalty oath to the Union. Rabbi Gutheim, who had become a folk hero to Southern Jews loyal to the Confederacy, accepted a pulpit in Montgomery instead. The members of B'nai Israel were able to convince the Montgomery congregation to share Rabbi Gutheim, who traveled to Columbus once every six weeks to lead Shabbat services. A few years later, Rabbi Gutheim left for a pulpit in New York City.
For the next few decades, B'nai Israel rarely had rabbinic leadership. The congregation was still orthodox in its worship practices and its members still observed Rosh Hashanah for the traditional two days in 1866. Eventually, B'nai Israel embraced Reform Judaism, becoming a member of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations in 1875. The congregation cut back observance of Jewish holidays to one day, and incorporated more English into the service. The congregation of 36 members was desperate to hire someone who could speak German and English, lead services, and teach Hebrew to the congregation's children. In 1886, they hired Rabbi Louis Weiss, who stayed in Columbus only two years. By 1891, they had a co-ed choir and an organ.
In 1893, B'nai Israel hired Rabbi Edward Benjamin Morris Browne, who stayed until 1901. He received his medical degree and his rabbinic ordination from Cincinnati College in 1869. In 1895, the Rabbi was invited to represent the Jewish community at the funeral of President Ulysses S. Grant. In accepting the honor, he announced that he would not require a horse or carriage for the procession, since the ceremony took place on a Saturday. In his strict observance of the day, the Rabbi walked the entire length of the funeral processional which stretched close to the entire length of Manhattan from Battery Place to 123rd street. He made a pilgrimage to Grant's burial site every year up until 1913. His wife Sophia served as a member of the League of Women Voters. In 1922, she attended the League-sponsored Pan American Conference in 1922, the first international conference dedicated to the improvement of women's issues around the world.
In addition to B'nai Israel, Columbus Jews began to found other Jewish organizations in the years after the Civil War. In 1866, they established a local chapter of the Jewish fraternal society B'nai B'rith. In 1870, Columbus Jews founded a Jewish social organization called Columbus Concordia. Later known as the Harmony Club, the organization was create to alleviate the "monotonous evenings and Sundays in this city," according to its minutes. The group soon rented a room and purchased twelve decks of playing cards, two sets of dominoes, one checker board, and five boxes of cigars. A purely social organization, the Harmony Club remained active for over a century. In 1874, Jewish women in Columbus founded the Daughters of Israel to provide charity and assistance to those in need. Rebecca Dessau led the organization for 15 years. The group later changed its name to the Jewish Ladies Aid Society.
Despite this growth in Columbus' Jewish population, B'nai Israel soon found itself in financial trouble along with much of the rest of the country in the 1890s. They were having a hard time paying the mortgage on their new synagogue. In response, the Jewish Ladies Aid Society wrote to the widow of the great French Jewish philanthropist Baron DeHirsch to ask for financial help. The Baroness DeHirsch responded to this plea, sending almost $2000 to the congregation, which was enough to pay off the remaining debt on the synagogue. The congregation installed a memorial window in honor of the Baron and his wife and began to read the DeHirsch's names during the Yizkor service on Yom Kippur, a practice they continue to this day.
The Ladies Aid Society of B'nai Israel had other creative methods of raising money for the congregation. In 1886, as B'nai Israel was working to raise the funds for a new synagogue, the Ladies Aid Society held a week-long Jewish Fair, at which they sold food and various merchandise. Held in an empty store the week before Christmas, the fair offered "a nice line of Christmas goods, quilts, curtains, lace goods and many other articles" including cigars and donated goods. Fair goers could also have a session with a fortune teller, played by a member of the Ladies Aid Society. The local newspaper covered the fair in detail and urged its readers to support it, writing that Columbus Jews are "ever ready to extend a helping hand to others. Now…once in a lifetime, they ask the public to help them build a new synagogue, and we hope the citizens will respond liberally." The 1886 Jewish Fair was very successful and the Ladies Aid Society was able to make a substantial donation to B'nai Israel's building fund.
Over the years, as the need arose, the Ladies Aid Society would hold additional fairs. In 1903, the fair helped to raise money to refurbish the temple's vestry rooms. The temple suffered a fire in 1907, which destroyed much of its interior. In 1908, the Ladies Aid Society held an elaborate bazaar that sold furniture, dry goods, jewelry, cut glass, and candy, in addition to running a restaurant and Japanese tea garden in the store. Columbus' mayor formally opened the bazaar that year. The restaurant was open from 10 am to 11 pm each day and specialized in oysters, "which are served in as many varieties as a gentleman has quarter dollars." The Ladies Aid Society Bazaar looked a lot like the department stores members' husbands owned, though most of their merchandise was donated and their enterprise was only open for a week. These temporary stores were a lot of work for the women, but they could be quite successful. In 1908, the Ladies Aid Society raised over $1500 from the bazaar. Other bazaars were held in 1910 and 1916.
By the 1890s, increasing numbers of Jews from Eastern Europe began to settle in Columbus. These Jewish immigrants did not feel comfortable in the Reform temple of B'nai Israel and, in 1892, 15 of them organized their own Orthodox congregation, Chevra Sharis Israel. They first met on the second floor of a downtown building and later in the local Odd Fellows Hall. The small congregation did not have a rabbi in its early years. In 1915, a group of members each paid $100 to buy land at the corner of 1st Avenue and 7th Street for a permanent synagogue for the congregation. Of the 11 men who pitched in to buy the land, ten were Russian-born immigrants. Nine had come to the United States after 1897. The 40 members of Chevra Sharis Israel dedicated their congregation's first synagogue in September of 1915. With a stucco exterior, the building could seat 500 people, including a balcony designed for the women of the congregation. They were able to get an ark from the small Jewish community of Eufaula, Alabama, who did not have a synagogue. Most members of the congregation lived in the area around the new synagogue.
Soon after dedicating the synagogue, Chevra Sharis Israel hired it first rabbi, Joseph Werbin, who had immigrated to the United States from Russia in 1906. Rabbi Werbin also served as a shochet (kosher butcher) and mohel (ritual circumciser) for the congregation, until he left in 1922. Sharis Israel had a great deal of rabbinic turnover during this period, with four different rabbis leading the congregation during the eight years after Werbin left. Despite this leadership instability, the congregation grew quickly after it dedicated its building, with its membership doubling. In 1919, they had 50 students in their religious school, which met every day after school. In 1909, 17 female members of Sharis Israel founded the Jewish Ladies Relief Society, which later became the congregation's Sisterhood. This organization raised money to support the synagogue and Jewish charities.
If Sharis Israel became the home of Columbus's Russian Jewish immigrants, B'nai Israel remained the center of the city's native-born and German Jews. Of eleven members of the 1904 confirmation class, nine were born in Georgia. Of their parents, 36% were native born, while 55% were born in Germany. Most of these immigrant parents had been in the United States for a long time by 1904. The congregation grew as well, from 48 members in 1905 to 85 in 1925. A big reason for this growth was Rabbi Frank Rosenthal who came to Columbus from Baton Rouge in 1907. Rosenthal led the effort to rebuild the synagogue after it was damaged by a fire at the end of 1907. He became very involved with local civic organizations, becoming a charter member of the Kiwanis Club and an active member of the Masons and the Woodmen of the World. Rabbi Rosenthal was also a leader of the local B'nai B'rith and helped to push for the construction of the B'nai B'rith Hospital in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Rosenthal served as the spiritual leader of B'nai Israel for 33 years.
The Jewish population of Columbus grew from 300 Jews in the late 19th century to 735 in 1937. Most concentrated in retail trade, but a handful got involved with Columbus' bustling industrial economy. For instance in 1886, David and Gerson Rothschild opened a dry goods business which is still in existence today as a manufacturer of upholstery fabric. In 1919, Jewish-owned stores dotted downtown Columbus, including the Emporium, Ed Cohn's Store, Loewenherz Brothers, and the Leader. Abe Straus started with the John Archer Mitchell Hosiery Mill as secretary/treasurer in 1920. By 1923, Straus had become the president of one of the largest manufacturing concerns in Columbus. Five years later, he bought the company and built a big new factory on Talbotton Road. Simon Schwob, a Jewish tailor from Alsace, moved to Columbus in 1912, opening a clothing store in downtown called the Standard Tailoring Company. Schwob soon started to make the suits that he sold in his store. From this modest start, Schwob built a large clothing manufacturing business in Columbus. When Simon died in 1954, his widow Ruth took over the company. In 1976, the family sold the business. While no Schwobs remain in Columbus today, the legacy of the family's philanthropy lives on with the Schwob Library and Schwob School of Music at Columbus State University.
Manufacturing businesses thrived during wartime as the world wars helped to transform the city of Columbus. In 1918, the US War Department created Camp Benning just outside of Columbus to provide basic training for new soldiers. Made permanent in 1922, Fort Benning eventually grew into one of the largest military bases in the country. Rabbi Rosenthal led services for soldiers at Fort Benning and served as president of the Jewish Welfare Board during the Great War. Many Columbus Jews hosted Jewish soldiers in their homes during the war. Local Jews would provide various entertainment programs for the soldiers, including parties at the Harmony Club. When large numbers of Jewish soldiers were stationed at Fort Benning in World War II, Columbus Jews responded with hospitality once again. The local Junior Hadassah Chapter hosted Friday night receptions each week at Fort Benning, while the Harmony Club hosted mid-week dances for the soldiers.
Columbus Jews also took part in national fundraising campaigns to help suffering Jews in Europe during World War I. In 1918, Rabbi Rosenthal, Leopold Loewenherz, and Morris Loeb headed the local Jewish War Relief Fund campaign, which aimed to raise $20,000 in Columbus. Seeking to solicit contributions from the Gentile community, they asked prominent local businessman J. Homer Dimon to be chairman of the committee. Several other non-Jews, including Christian ministers, served on neighborhood committees for the relief drive. In a letter published in the local newspaper, the committee stated that while Columbus Jews would take the lead, "we request every citizen of the county to assist in this crying need." The local newspaper editor endorsed the 1920 Jewish War Relief Campaign, which was kicked off at a mass meeting held at the First Baptist Church, by writing that since Columbus Jews had always given to local causes, that non-Jews in Columbus should support this worthwhile cause. Local Gentiles donated over $1000 to the Jewish War Relief Fund in 1920.
Some Columbus Jews saw a Jewish homeland as the solution to the plight of Europe's Jews. Noted Zionist Bella Pevsner came to Columbus in 1918, speaking to a capacity crowd at Temple B'nai Israel. Leopold Loewenherz, the former president of the Reform congregation, introduced Pevsner. The following year, another Zionist organizer, Samuel Blitz, came to Columbus and spoke at a mass meeting at a local auditorium. According to the Columbus Daily Enquirer, "a large number of Jews and Gentiles were present and listened with deep interest to the speaker." In an effort to signal that Zionism was not incompatible with American patriotism, the meeting opened with the singing of the "Star-Spangled Banner." During his speech, Blitz lived up to his name, excoriating Jewish opponents of Zionism as "traitors to the Jewish people." The day after Blitz's speech, Columbus Jews founded a local Zionist district affiliated with the Zionist Organization of America.
In many other Southern cities, Reform Jews tended to oppose Zionism, but in Columbus, B'nai Israel's Rabbi Rosenthal gave the invocation before Blitz's speech. Still, most members of the new Zionist organization were immigrants from Russia and Poland and members of Sharis Israel. In 1945, Sharis Israel held a special service in honor of the 28th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, which was Great Britain's expression of support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. That same year, Columbus women formed a chapter of Hadassah, with the wife of Sharis Israel's Rabbi Aaron Funk serving as president. Though it was started relatively late, Columbus' Hadassah chapter eventually became the largest Jewish women's organization in the city, attracting members from both congregations. It raised money for the Hadassah Hospital in Israel as well as local causes. They would hold annual musical theater productions as fundraisers. The Columbus Hadassah chapter later funded the library at the local Ronald McDonald House.
Hadassah's local charitable activity is part of a long tradition of Jews being active in civic life in Columbus. In the 1880s, Issac Isaiah Moses was a major advocate for Columbus' public school system, serving as superintendent and securing funding from the Peabody Foundation for local schools. When he died, the local newspaper wrote that Moses had done "more than any single individual in this section" for public education. In 1925, Laura Rosenberg created the Milk Fund, which gave free milk to needy students at nine different schools in Columbus. Rosenberg remained the head of the fund until her death in 1950. Rosenberg was involved in several other local causes related to children. In 1931, she was named the outstanding citizen in Columbus by the Lion's Club. Sidney Goldberg Simons served on the Metro Planning Commission, the board of the local medical center, and on many other local boards. When he died in 1968, the city named Simons Plaza after him. Maurice Rothschild served on the local school board in 1949; the city honored his service by naming a junior high school after him.
No Columbus Jew was more involved with children's issues than Aaron Cohn, who served as a juvenile justice judge for 46 years. Cohn served as an officer under General Patton during World War II, helping to liberate the Ebensee Concentration Camp. First appointed in 1964, Cohn won multiple honors for his service to the community. In 2003, he became the longest sitting juvenile court judge in the country. Cohn was on the bench helping to guide the lives of troubled children until 10 months before his death in 2012, at the age of 96.
Both of Columbus' congregations thrived in the years after World War II. By the 1940s, Sharis Israel, soon to be renamed Shearith Israel Synagogue, had 100 members and a full-time rabbi and shochet. After the congregation's post-war growth spurt, they had outgrown their building. The religious school couldn't fit into the available classrooms, and classes started to meet in different corners of the sanctuary. Finally, under the leadership of board chairman Sol Singer, Shearith Israel, now numbering 124 member households, raised money for a new $150,000 building on Wynnton Road. The new sanctuary could seat 300 people; the synagogue also included a smaller chapel, a social room, a kitchen, and six classrooms. When Shearith Israel dedicated their new synagogue in February of 1951, Columbus Mayor B.F. Register cut the ribbon and Rabbi Alfred Goodman of B'nai Israel gave the opening prayer. Rabbi Jacob Agus of Baltimore gave the keynote address in a ceremony that included the singing of both "America" and "Hatikvah," the Israeli national anthem.
As Shearith Israel moved into their new building, they also moved away from Orthodox Judaism. Through the 1940s, Shearith Israel was still Orthodox, with separate seating for men and women in the sanctuary and a mikvah (Jewish ritual bath). Many members still walked to shul. In 1949, the congregation celebrated its first bat mitzvah ceremony, in which a 13-year-old girl celebrated the coming of age ritual traditionally performed by boys. In 1950, their new rabbi, Emanuel Bennet, instituted mixed-gender seating and introduced some English into the Shabbat service. In 1952, under the leadership of newly hired Rabbi Kassel Abelson, Shearith Israel officially joined the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. That same year, the congregation celebrated its first confirmation ceremony. Although Shearith Israel had officially become Conservative, the congregation still maintained some traditional practices, including daily minyans and a strictly kosher kitchen. Each male member was assigned monthly minyan duty, in which he would be responsible for getting ten men to attend that day's prayer meeting. In 1974, under the leadership of Rabbi Theodore Feldman, Shearith Israel granted full equality to female members, allowing them to receive Torah honors and count towards the minyan. In the 1980s, Shearith Israel reached a peak of 150 families and continued to hold daily minyans. The congregation also had a kosher meat co-op, in which 30 members banded together to order kosher meat from Chicago and Atlanta several times a year.
B'nai Israel, now known as Temple Israel, also thrived in the years after World War II. In 1940, 80 families belonged to the Reform congregation; this figure grew to 119 in 1962 and peaked at 182 in 1982. Like Shearith Israel, Temple Israel outgrew its building. Just as they had done in 1885, the women of the congregation led the way: in 1952, the Jewish Ladies Aid Society passed a resolution labeling their current temple inadequate and calling for the construction of a new synagogue. Finally, in 1957, Temple Israel broke ground on a new synagogue on Wildwood Avenue. When they dedicated the building the following year, they led a procession with the Torahs from the old temple to the new one. Rabbi William Silverman from Nashville's Ohabai Sholom congregation was the keynote speaker during the dedication which drew 350 people. This move to their new home took place during the long tenure of Rabbi Alfred Goodman, who led Temple Israel from 1950 to 1983.
While the Columbus Jewish community remained divided into two congregations, they united to help Jews in need. In 1939, Columbus Jews worked to bring in Jewish refugees from Germany. Victor Kiralfy was chairman of a coordinating committee that tried to bring a refugee family to Columbus every month, until the war made it impossible. Simon and Ruth Schwob also played a leading role in these efforts. Simon Schwob led the way in organizing the Columbus Jewish Welfare Federation in 1944. Their organizing meeting was held in Schwob's office, and the clothing manufacturer served as the federation's first president. During Israel's 1967 War, the federation conducted an emergency fund drive which raised $110,000 for the Jewish state. When Israel was attacked on Yom Kippur in 1973, the Columbus Jewish Welfare Federation raised $170,000 for the Israeli war effort. In the 1960s, Shearith Israel started a nursery school for the children of the congregation. Later, the school became a Jewish community nursery school under the auspices of the Jewish Welfare Federation. The school closed in 1989.
Initially, this merger was a great success, as the total enrollment in the school increased. But soon this cooperation failed, and the schools split apart in 2004, as both congregations have suffered declining membership. In 2008, there were 45 children in Temple Israel's Sunday School, while Shearith Israel did not have a religious school. In 2009, Temple Israel was down to 115 families while Shearith Israel had started taking out ads in the Atlanta Jewish Times newspaper inviting unaffiliated Jews in the region to spend the High Holidays in Columbus. In 2009, Shearith Israel sold its building to a local church since its mostly elderly membership could not use the building, which was not accessible to people with disabilities. After the sale, the remaining 80 members met in the chapel at Temple Israel and began looking for a new permanent home. In 2010, Shearith Israel remodeled their parsonage house into a small synagogue and hired Rabbi Brian Glusman to be their part-time spiritual leader. In 2011, about 60 households belonged to the Conservative congregation.
The Jewish population of Columbus declined from approximately 1,000 people in 1984 to 750 in 2001. The numbers are likely lower today. While Columbus has long been overshadowed by the surging Jewish metropolis of Atlanta, it remains a historic and active center of Jewish life in Georgia.


Ok, if you hear today's ride was "ok", or "not to bad" whoever you hear that from is a liar. Today was epic.
Leaving Christchurch at 7:00am into a direct headwind was not the best start; for some demoralising. Christchurch is a coastal city and hence lies close to sea level and the ride out is on a false flat, which basically means it looks flat but actually has a slight rise up into the mountains. Combine these factors together and you never have the chance to rest. By the time we actually hit the climb the majority of team 20 were completely spent. They had no cookies left! We later heard while team 27 made the climb the headwind was so strong it blew two riders off there bike. But team 27 are prone to exaggeration.
Then came the rain - cold ice rain - and the temperature in the mountains fell to 3.8 degrees. Riders started losing feelings in the extremities and some looked like they were starting to shut down. It was the first time I thought we would have to cap the ride for the day with 30km to go. When riders start peeing on their hands to warm them up, you know things are pretty bad (Matthew and Dan I it helped!).
But then things changed, the rain stopped and the road started to undulate a little with riders being protected by a thick tree line meaning nil wind for our run into Authors Pass. Team 20 made it - just. But we have never had a start like today and it may take its toll on tomorrow 234km journey to Franz Josef.
However there may be a few positives for tomorrows ride that will help the cyclists make the journey. 1) we will be riding down to the coast for the first 60km 2) weather reports are predicting a small headwind/crosswind 3) cyclists who pee on their hands are pretty tough.


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Business start up
Business and Self Assessment Tax
HMRC Unannounced Visits
The New Business Kit 2021-22
Xero Essentials - Free Training Course
Xero - how to
Monthly Newswire
Tax E-News
Smart Vault
What records should you keep – and for how long?
This factsheet gives an overview of the procedures you must put in place in relation to the Bribery Act 2010.
Company secretarial duties
This factsheet considers what company information has to be made available and looks at whether a company secretary needs to be appointed.
Criminal Finances Act 2017
The Criminal Finances Act makes companies and partnerships criminally liable for failing to prevent tax evasion. This factsheet considers the key aspects of the Act and the implications for your business.
Becoming a director carries with it potentially onerous duties. Make sure you know what those duties are. This factsheet gives guidance on directors' responsibilities.
Franchising is becoming increasingly popular. This factsheet considers the advantages and disadvantages of franchising and points to consider when considering operating as a franchise.
Fraud and how to spot it - ten step guide
This factsheet considers how you can increase your awareness of the factors that indicate fraud. It also sets out the defences that you can implement to minimise the risk within your business.
We consider if your business is eligible for a grant.
Micro Entity Accounting
This factsheet considers the options available to micro entities when preparing their accounts. This factsheet considers the options available.
Narrative reporting
An explanation of the directors' report requirements faced by private companies.
Preparing for your accountant
Whether we are producing your accounts or carrying out tax compliance work, being prepared for us will ensure our work is carried out smoothly and efficiently and with the minimum disruption to yourselves. This factsheet highlights many of the ways in which you can help.
Register of people with significant control
This factsheet summarises the requirements which place additional obligations on companies, their officers and the people with significant control over them.
Running a limited company
Running a limited company presents a range of unique challenges and responsibilities. Limited companies are subject to tight reporting and financial responsibilities and the directors of the limited company have their own duties and responsibilities.
Securing business success
As many as half of all businesses fail in their first three years of trading, this factsheet summarises the specific reasons for business failure and how to avoid them.
Small Company Accounting
We consider the required format of statutory accounts for small companies. This factsheet considers the reporting requirements and their impact.
There are many reasons why you may need to calculate the value of your business. This factsheet consider the range of methods available as well as some of the factors to consider during the process.
COVID-19: measures for UK businesses
Measures for UK businesses and employers during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Autumn Budget 2021
Details of the Autumn Budget 2021. Our summary focuses on the key issues.
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Many women struggle with cellulite on their legs and buttocks, but once you realize that this is a problem that is hard to beat they soon give up.
Perhaps it is not about the solution, but the untruths that you are almost certain in.
It is true that the more fat you have on your skin, the greater the visibility of cellulite. But skinny people have cellulite also. Part of the phenomenon depends on genetics, so if your mother had this problem, you will probably have it too.
Cellulite may be out of your control, but fat is not. If your body mass index is high, losing fat can reduce your cellulite. But it is much less likely that those with low body weight will get rid of it, on the contrary, losing weight will just make the cellulite show more.
Although they do not fully remove your cellulite, those creams will help you in the fight. Because of them the skin becomes thicker, which reduces the visibility of the holes. But once you stop using them, the problems returns.
Patients sometimes find it difficult to accept the fact that it is impossible to get rid of cellulite completely. So no matter how efficient anti cellulite treatments are, many are not happy to find that their cellulite is reduced, but did not disappear.
There are many natural home remedies that you can use to fight against cellulite, so do not wait until summer.
Mix all ingredients and place them in a glass jar. After showering give a good rub to the critical areas with the paste and then rinse. Then apply an anti-cellulite cream.
For best results use the peeling every day.


This is a list of works in the military science fiction subgenre of science fiction, sorted by the creator's surname or, in case of film and television, the title.
Stark's War (2000-2002) series (written as John G. Hemry), a trilogy covering a conflict between US Army soldiers and their leadership during a campaign that takes place on the Moon.
Valor Confederation - Staff Sergeant Torin Kerr's aim is to keep both her superiors and her company of space marines alive as they deal with lethal missions throughout the galaxy.
Insurrection (1990):413 with David Weber.
Crusade (1992):413 with David Weber.
Death Ground (1997):413 with David Weber.
The 5th Wave, based on the novel series of the same name.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag D'Ammassa, D. (2004). Encyclopedia of science fiction. N.Y., Facts On File.
^ a b Winstead, Bob (June 17, 1998)"'Semper Mars' is well researched and quite imaginative". Book review. CNN. Retrieved on 23 November 2008.
^ "https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-03-13/mass-market-paperback/list.html"Retrieved on 24 January 2012.
^ Mageworlds Book One "https://www.amazon.com/dp/0812517040"
^ Thomas M. Wagner (2005). "Broken Angels". SF Reviews.net. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
^ Marching Through Georgia (novel). Retrieved on 2014-03-25.
^ Beeler, Stan. "Stargate SG-1 And The Perfect Science Fiction Premise". In Telotte, J. P. The Essential Science Fiction Television Reader. University Press of Kentucky. p. 268. ISBN 0-8131-2492-1.
This page was last edited on 7 January 2019, at 13:16 (UTC).


text:
import React from 'react';
import assert from 'assert';
import { shallow } from 'enzyme';
import sinon from 'sinon';
import NumberInput from './NumberInput';

describe('<NumberInput />', () => {
    const defaultProps = {
        source: 'foo',
        meta: {},
        input: {
            onBlur: () => {},
            onChange: () => {},
            onFocus: () => {},
        },
        onChange: () => {},
        onBlur: () => {},
        onFocus: () => {},
    };

    it('should use a mui TextField', () => {
        const wrapper = shallow(
            <NumberInput {...defaultProps} input={{ value: 'hello' }} />
        );
        const TextFieldElement = wrapper.find('TextField');
        assert.equal(TextFieldElement.length, 1);
        assert.equal(TextFieldElement.prop('value'), 'hello');
        assert.equal(TextFieldElement.prop('type'), 'number');
    });

    describe('onChange event', () => {
        it('should be customizable via the `onChange` prop', () => {
            const onChange = sinon.spy();

            const props = { ...defaultProps };
            const wrapper = shallow(
                <NumberInput {...props} onChange={onChange} />
            );

            wrapper.find('TextField').simulate('change', 3);
            assert.deepEqual(onChange.args, [[3]]);
        });

        it('should keep calling redux-form original event', () => {
            const onChange = sinon.spy();

            const wrapper = shallow(
                <NumberInput {...defaultProps} input={{ value: 2, onChange }} />
            );
            wrapper.find('TextField').simulate('change', 3);
            assert.deepEqual(onChange.args, [[3]]);
        });
    });

    describe('onFocus event', () => {
        it('should be customizable via the `onFocus` prop', () => {
            const onFocus = sinon.spy();

            const props = { ...defaultProps };
            const wrapper = shallow(
                <NumberInput {...props} onFocus={onFocus} />
            );

            wrapper.find('TextField').simulate('focus', 3);
            assert.deepEqual(onFocus.args, [[3]]);
        });

        it('should keep calling redux-form original event', () => {
            const onFocus = sinon.spy();

            const wrapper = shallow(
                <NumberInput {...defaultProps} input={{ value: 2, onFocus }} />
            );
            wrapper.find('TextField').simulate('focus', 3);
            assert.deepEqual(onFocus.args, [[3]]);
        });
    });

    describe('onBlur event', () => {
        it('should be customizable via the `onBlur` prop', () => {
            const onBlur = sinon.spy();

            const props = { ...defaultProps };
            const wrapper = shallow(<NumberInput {...props} onBlur={onBlur} />);

            wrapper.find('TextField').simulate('blur', 3);
            assert.deepEqual(onBlur.args, [[3]]);
        });

        it('should keep calling redux-form original event', () => {
            const onBlur = sinon.spy();

            const props = {
                ...defaultProps,
                input: {
                    ...defaultProps.input,
                    onBlur,
                },
            };

            const wrapper = shallow(<NumberInput {...props} />);
            wrapper.find('TextField').simulate('blur', 3);
            assert.deepEqual(onBlur.args, [[3]]);
        });

        it('should cast value as a numeric one', () => {
            const onChange = sinon.spy();
            const wrapper = shallow(
                <NumberInput
                    {...defaultProps}
                    input={{
                        value: '2',
                        onBlur: () => {},
                        onChange,
                    }}
                />
            );

            const TextFieldElement = wrapper.find('TextField').first();
            TextFieldElement.simulate('blur');
            assert.deepEqual(onChange.args, [[2]]);
        });
    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Prunet – comune francese situato nel dipartimento dell'Alta Garonna
 Prunet – comune francese situato nel dipartimento dell'Ardèche
 Prunet – comune francese situato nel dipartimento del Cantal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


These refrigerators by Whirlpool are 3 Star Rated and thus, ensure that the power consumption stays in check. They are available in many variants and Pricebaba currently has 74Whirlpool 3 Star Refrigerators. You can also compare these products which are available with their updated specifications, features, photos and the lowest online prices. The list was last updated on 25th April 2019.
- All Whirlpool 3 Star Refrigerators prices are in Indian Rupees (INR).
- There are 74 Whirlpool 3 Star Refrigerators on this list, prices are updated daily when in stock.


text: Naomi Wolf is at the forefront of contemporary feminist thought and activism. Through her ground-breaking books she has given voice to women of all ages, helping reveal the social myths that conspire to keep women struggling against inequality. Her books include the seminal The Beauty Myth – named by the Sunday Telegraph, 'the most important feminist text of the last twenty years' – and the New York Times bestsellers Vagina, The End of America, and Give Me Liberty. She received her doctorate in Victorian literature from New College, Oxford University and received an honorary doctorate from Sweet Briar College and an honorary professorship from the University of Liverpool.


LATROBE, Pa. (AP) — Tyler Matakevich wants to prove he can handle the job. Jon Bostic just wants to be on the field.
Matakevich and Bostic are competing for Pittsburgh's opening at inside linebacker after the Steelers did not use a draft pick on the position. The winner gets to start alongside veteran Vince Williams and an opportunity to help fill the massive void left by Ryan Shazier, who is out for the season while recovering from spinal stabilization surgery.
The Steelers signed Bostic to a two-year contract in March to provide veteran depth at inside linebacker after Shazier got hurt last December at Cincinnati.
The Steelers gave Matakevich and Bostic a vote of confidence when they opted not to select an inside linebacker in April's draft.
Matakevich, a 2016 seventh-round pick, has played in 31 games with the Steelers. While he hasn't made any starts on defense, his impact has been felt on special teams, particularly last season.
Matakevich blocked two punts, including one that was recovered for a touchdown. He also broke up a pass on a fake punt by Minnesota.
Matakevich took the majority of the first-team snaps during spring workouts, but he and Bostic have shared the starting role during training camp practices.
The well-traveled Bostic is currently on his fifth team, having also played with Chicago, New England, Detroit and Indianapolis. He said it doesn't matter where he practices, as long as he's on the field.
Bostic spent 2017 in Indianapolis, finishing with 97 tackles, a sack and a fumble recovery in 14 games before a knee injury ended his season.
Matakevich battled a shoulder injury last season, initially getting hurt against Kansas City in October. He left a December game against Cincinnati and was inactive the next week against Baltimore before finishing out the season and undergoing shoulder surgery following the Steelers' playoff loss to Jacksonville.
Now, there isn't anything holding Matakevich back. The same goes for Bostic.
NOTES: Tomlin said OLB Bud Dupree has a concussion. … WR Antonio Brown missed his fourth practice and is considered day to day. … CB Joe Haden, CB Brian Allen, OL Chukwuma Okorafor, OLB T.J. Watt, TE Vance McDonald and CB Coty Sensabaugh all missed Saturday's practice. … WR Darrius Heyward-Bey and WR JuJu Smith-Schuster couldn't finish the workout.


Distance between Birmingham and Columbia is 6866 KM (kilometers) and 504.44 meters. Birmingham is 4266.6 miles away from Columbia.
Birmingham is located in the United_Kingdom state of England at the longitude of -1.9 and latitude of 52.5. Columbia is located in the USA state of Alabama at the longitude of -85.1 and latitude of 31.3.
Birmingham is located nearly east side to Columbia. Birmingham To Columbia road map direction from google will be integrated.
Time difference between Birmingham and Columbia is 5.5466666666667 decimal hours (5 : 32 : 48.000000000004). Birmingham universal time is 12.127333333333 UTC and Columbia universal time is 17.674 UTC. Birmingham is behind Columbia 5 hours and 32 Minutes and 48.000000000004 seconds.
Travel time from Birmingham To Columbia will take 171 hours and 39.76 minutes if the vehicle keep an average speed of sixty kilometer per hour. Travel time by walk may take around 858.3 hours if you continuously walk at the speed of 6KM.
The follwing Birmingham to Columbia direction map comming from google. Google distance may vary from our crow fly distance.
All information in this page about Birmingham and Columbia are approximate details. It is crow flies distance so the above travel information may be differ from motor road distance.
Dear Travellers / Visitors you are kindly welcome write more about Birmingham and Columbia.
Previous traveling experience from Birmingham to Columbia.
Various travel routes from Columbia.
Tourist spots between Birmingham and Columbia road.
Hotels details, travel guide and booking information about Birmingham and Columbia.
You are welcome to provide accurate information about Birmingham and Columbia if the above information is not accurate.
Travel photos and other information related to Birmingham and Columbia.


text:
Q: R- Invalid or expired token i am trying to extract tweets with #rstats by using this:
rt <- search_tweets(
"#rstats", n = 18000, include_rts = FALSE
)

But I am getting this error:
    Searching for tweets...
    This may take a few seconds...
    Warning: 89 - Invalid or expired token.
    Finished collecting tweets!
    Warning message:
    Invalid or expired token.
Anybody knows why this is happening? I tried regenerating the tokens but doesn't seem to work. Any help will be appreciated

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Crop Head and Upper Body from a live webcam feed I am looking for ways of cropping the head and upper body contour form a live camera feed and putting it in front of a virtual background. For example how does zoom achieve this exact same thing with Virtual Background feature?
I know openCV is there, but I don't know there is just face detection or it can help with cropping the whole head and body including head hair, shoulders, arms etc.
I am not sure how apps like Instagram does it, but I know they have the functionality to replace the complete background of camera feed with virtual things. Not sure if they use ARKit or ARCore, but even these platforms only support detecting different positions on the face, nothing for detecting the boundary of the body itself.
Appreciate any help.
Thanks,
Amit.

A: Apps like Instagram and Snapchat use their own custom programs to achieve that like SparkAR in Instagram case and Lens Studio for Snapchat. I really believe they don't use ARKit or ARCore, for stability reasons.
Now, If you are building your own program to detect face or background than you would ideally start with OpenCV. Then, over the top of it you would use MATLAB for calculating boundary, head or whatever you want to achieve.


In each question that follows, the two shapes on the left have one or more features which make them similar to each other. You must find the figure on the right which is most similar to the ones on the left. Similarities might be based on shading, outlines or the number of shapes in a figure. It might be based on the rotation or reflection of the shapes in a figure, or on any combination of all the above features. Just because an answer from A, B, C or D has one feature in common with 1 and 2 does not necessarily make it the most similar. Watch out for tricky answers.
To make things simpler, there's an example question and answer before the quiz starts. Make sure you understand it before moving on to the questions.
As you come to the end of these 11-Plus Non-Verbal Reasoning Similar Shapes quizzes, remember the words of Abraham Lincoln, when he said, "I do the very best I know how - the very best I can; and I mean to keep on doing so until the end." So do your best until the end and enjoy Similar Shapes quiz number 7.


text:
Rehemäe est un village de la commune de Nissi du comté de Harju en Estonie .
Au , il compte 47 habitants.

Notes et références

Rehemäe


text:
Global Lender Equities First Holdings Returns Shares of ANGLE plc and Concludes Transaction in the United Kingdom
The Return of ANGLE plc Shares Marks Successful Completion of Transaction Executed in October 2014.
Indianapolis, IN, USA -- Equities First Holdings LLC (EFH, http://www.equitiesfirst.com), a global lender and a leader in alternative shareholder financing solutions, announced today that the company has fully concluded a transaction with Andrew Newland, CEO of ANGLE plc, by returning 1.35 million shares of ANGLE plc (AIM: AGL.LN; OTCQX: ANPCY) stock to him, which was used as collateral in a financial transaction.
This two-year financing facility, originated on October 27, 2014, was one of the EFH's first transactions executed in the United Kingdom after the acquisition of Meridian Equity Partners Limited. EFH acquired Meridian in the summer of 2014 and rebranded the acquired operation as Equities First (London) Limited.
Equities First (London) Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom, register number 605564.
"The return of collateral to clients is business-as-usual for Equities First Holdings," said Al Christy, Jr., Founder and CEO of EFH. "As a company, EFH and its subsidiaries have completed more than 700 transactions, and we have a perfect track record of returning our clients' collateral upon maturity and repayment."
The market disclosure made by ANGLE plc related to this transaction can be found here.
About Equities First Holdings
Since 2002, Equities First Holdings, LLC (EFH) has provided clients with alternative financing solutions, supplying capital against publicly traded stock to enable clients to meet their personal and professional goals. EFH provides capital against shares traded on public exchanges around the world. The company has completed more than 700 transactions and delivered more than $1.4 billion USD in funding to date.
EFH is a global company with offices in nine countries, including wholly owned subsidiaries Equities First (London) Limited, Equities First Holdings Hong Kong Limited, Equities First Holdings Singapore Limited, and Equities First Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd. For more information, visit http://www.equitiesfirst.com.
This release is intended for informational use only, and does not constitute an offer, stated or implied, of any type. Equities First Holdings, LLC and all of its subsidiaries work exclusively with individuals classified as sophisticated investors or Professional clients. The Equities First Holdings platform is not intended for retail investors.
media@equitiesfirst.com
Fulham Demonstrates Latest LED Drivers at Hong Kong Light Fair
Latest Fulham LED driver products are ideal for OEMs and Wholesalers looking for customizable and emergency lighting solutions.
Hong Kong, China -- Fulham Co., Inc., a leading supplier of lighting components and electronics for commercial and specialty applications, will demonstrate its newest LED lighting products for OEMs, distributors, and lighting professionals at this week's Hong Kong International Lighting Fair. Included among the Fulham products on display will be the LumoSeries LED drivers, the HotSpot Plus LED and emergency lighting drivers, and the customizable Quik Custom linear LED drivers. Fulham will be exhibiting in booth 1C-C02.
"Asia is a growing market for next-generation lighting systems," said Stephen K. Ho, Vice President of Sales for Hong Kong/APAC for Fulham. "The Hong Kong Light Fair gives us an opportunity to expand our regional market penetration by showing OEMs, wholesalers, and distributors what makes Fulham's LED products more versatile and cost-effective."
Developed at the new Fulham European Design Centre in the Netherlands, the LumoSeries are the company's newest LED drivers designed to be adaptable for various lighting applications. The drivers have low inrush current so more drivers and luminaires can operate on a single circuit, reducing the cost of wiring and installation. The LumoSeries drivers also have adjustable output currents, and their compact design makes them ideal for use in any manufacturer's luminaries. The LumoSeries drivers are offered in both constant current and constant voltage models, including dimmable and DALI versions.
Fulham's HotSpot Plus is an all-in-one unit that combines a 0-10V dimmable LED driver with a built-in emergency lighting system, complete with replaceable backup battery, eliminating the need for a separate emergency lighting system. The HotSpot Plus operates as a 40W constant current LED driver with output programmable from 250-1400mA. For emergency lighting, the built-in battery provides emergency lighting for up to 180 minutes at 5W or 90 minutes at 10W. The HotSpot Plus is available in a compact configuration, a linear design with end leads, or with bottom side leads for downlight installations.
Also on display will be Fulham's Quik Custom LED drivers, which are ideal for OEMs looking for drivers that match specific power requirements without having to manually adjust dials or set resistors to tune output. These high-efficiency drivers are available in three versions: a 40W customizable 1400mA driver with output voltage from 10-45VDC; a 60W customizable 700-1600mA driver with output voltage from 10-43VDC; and an 88W customizable 500-2100mA driver with output voltage from 21-44VDC. All the Quik Custom drivers are high efficiency with 0-10V dimming and a sleek linear package. All three units also are rated IP64, CE, RoHS, and Ulus Listed ClassP, Class2.
For more information, visit http://www.fulham.com.
Fulham Co., Inc. is a leading global provider of intelligent, socially-conscious sustainable commercial lighting components and electronics for use in commercial general lighting, parking structure, signage, horticultural, UV and other applications. The company develops and manufactures a variety of award-winning LED and emergency products, as well as legacy products across multiple lighting platforms. Fulham sells its lighting solutions worldwide through original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and electrical equipment distribution channels. Headquartered in Hawthorne, Calif., the company has sales and/or manufacturing facilities in the Netherlands, China, India and the UAE. For more information, visit http://www.fulham.com.
Global Lender Equities First Holdings Returns Shar...
Fulham Demonstrates Latest LED Drivers at Hong Kon...


Kang Dong Won and Kim Ha Neul.
30 Seconds to Mars performs "A Beautiful Lie" on top of Radio City Music Hall for the Fashion Rocks show.
Provided to YouTube by CDBaby Beautiful Lie · Beth Thornley My Glass Eye ℗ 2006 Stiff Hips Music Released on: 2006-01-01 Auto-generated by YouTube.
Staring kim Ha-neul Kang and Kang Dong-Won.
Too Beautiful to Lie (Hangul: 그녀를 믿지 마세요; RR: Geunyeoreul midji maseyo; lit. Don't Believe Her) is a 2004 South Korean romantic comedy film about a .
Orlando based Hard Rock band from 2004 Vocals: Chris Bryan Guitar: Zane Melcho Drums: Allen Keene Bass: Sebar Perez.


text:
a top five, explained in way too much detail
Posted by alea at 8:55 AM | 11 comments
Katya asked me on my last post, what the top five Mormon movies would be. This is a tricky question to answer, and when my comment started getting super long, I figured, well, I maybe I should just write a whole post about this.
The first issue to tackle is what is a Mormon movie? There's various ways to slice it up: by intended audience, by subject matter, by religious affiliation of the creator and so on. I'm not sure which camp I fall into here, but I generally think it's a requirement is overt Mormon subject matter. This is why Napoleon Dynamite isn't a Mormon film in my book and why Saints and Soldiers is iffy. However, I see Latter Days, while an exceptionally bad film, firmly in the Mormon cinema range. Same with the remake of Trapped By the Mormons. Would September Dawn be a Mormon movie? Not having seen it, I'm not sure, but I think it's sort of like Saints and Soldiers for me: on the fringe and sort of questionable. So my top five list will be informed by a very personal, if not wholly self-apparent definition of Mormon films.
The second, and much more pressing issue, is what makes a top five list? Are they the ones I enjoyed the most? Are they the films that have been most successful on their own terms? Are they the best made movies? You could even argue that a top five list would be the movies that even a non-Mormon could go to and enjoy. In fact, that's a whole other kettle of fish, the top five will shift decidedly based on who I am suggesting the films to. For this post we're going to go with my favorite five Mormon movies. Different criteria would yield different lists.
Two more caveats. First, I judge Mormon cinema by a very different measure than I do films in general. I tend to take a more kindly approach to the efforts of our people, mostly because comparing amateurs with professionals is unfair and partly because I really want a Mormon to make a movie that'll stand on its own two legs some day. Second, I haven't seen every single Mormon movie, so there's a chance that I'm missing something from my list. But, from what I hear, the ones I've missed are bad, bad, bad, so I doubt they'd do much shake up to my faves. They're not ranked, so don't read too much into the order.
The Singles Ward: This movie, despite all of Richard Dutcher's ranting otherwise, is really what I consider to be the genesis of Molllywood. Dutcher made an indie flick that was commercially successful, but the whole genre doesn't take off until we start marshalling the Jello Belt like the Halestorm folks could. And, to top it all off, this movie is genuinely funny at parts. Sadly, we have some impressively bad acting, hackneyed dialogue and lame soul-searching which try to take a romantic comedy and turn it into a seminary video. But these faults aside, I think this movie's a must-see for Mormons.
Best Two Years: This film, apparently, is what happens when good acting, high production values, and better than average writing collide. This film looks and feels very slick and professional. It has an engaging, if slightly implausible, story line. I like how, unlike God's Army, the missionary experience is treated as a personal struggle rather than an assailing from outside. The accuracy of either viewpoint could be questioned, I realize, but this film feels more immediate and realistic than either of Dutcher's missionary flicks.
Sons of Provo: You could try all sorts of angles to lampoon Mormon culture, but I highly doubt you'd find a richer approach than by creating a boy band of Provoans and having them sing songs that contain lyrics like "You know girl, I love you, but I hope you comprehend/This body is a Temple - and you don't got no recommend". It's funny only when it means to be and is a brilliant send up of Mormon cliches as well as the end result of a kind of performance art. During the production, the trio actually did go on tour as the group Everclean and some of their real concerts show up as footage in this film. It is a little confused, at times it's clearly a mockumentary, at other times it forgets these conventions. And, at the end, it does turn a bit too serious. But, even with these failings it's not nearly well enough known among young, cynical Mormons.
Pride & Prejudice: Ok, so I love Jane Austen. So this movie pretty much had me from the concept. But the concept works out nicely, if there are some clear indicators that we've got some newbies at the helm of the film. Recasting the story of Elizabeth Bennet into the world of BYU is amusing for those who still cling to the notion that the Lord's University is not for anyone except the vapid and marriage-obsessed and even more funny to those of us who know better. For purists, there are some things missing from this adaptation, like the Bennet parents, which is too bad. But, it's a very charming film that plays to stereotypes without relying entirely on them and is, in turns, witty and slapsticky. Also, I defy you not to laugh about the classical music for dogs.
States of Grace: This will probably be the most controversial movie to be included on this list. And I can see why. It's totally unbelievable, but pretends to pass itself off straight. The acting and writing falter when they really shouldn't. Dutcher is trying to be edgy with cinematography and other conventions, but fails to be provocative and ends up being derivative. And an overwrought suicide scene never improves a film. So, with all these problems, why does it get a spot here? This film focuses nicely on how easy sin is to fall into and the subsequent damage that ensues. It's a very "but for the grace of God..." feeling. Other Mormon films haven't done a very good job of portraying the grey zone between temple-worthy and reprobate sinner, relying instead on white and black hats to do all the effort. But here, we get introduced to all sorts of characters, Mormons and Gentiles, who struggle with real human failings. A better case for the Mormon understanding of the atonement (that we must work really hard and can feel like all is lost at the blush of sin, but that Jesus is there, doing something that can save us) or conversion (that it's not a single moment, but a lifelong struggle) has yet to be made in any Mormon movie. So, go out, suspend your disbelief, prepare yourself for a cringe or two and reconsider this film.
If you're wondering what movies you should avoid at all costs, do your best to not see The Book of Mormon Movie ("too bad they spent all their budget on that one camel"), Beauty and the Beast: A Latter-day Tale (overacting+alcoholism+modern slavery+cute coed=cinematic trainwreck), The Home Teachers ("...maybe if we throw in every juvenile joke possible, they won't notice how horrific this film is"), Handcart (people died for this film to be made and this is the best you can come up with?) and Latter Days (come for the gay sex, stay for the bad dialogue and weak acting!).
I'd be curious for those who care about these sorts of things: do you disagree with my choices? What'd be a better set if you had to come up with one?
any list of top mormon movies should have "New York Doll." Granted, maybe it doesn't fit the criteria you had in mind while making the list, but it is a great mormon movie. Also, "The Other Side of Heaven" is pretty well done, without a spiritual overkill.
I personally did not think Beauty and the Beast was that bad. In comparison to the Book of Mormon movie it was the work of Orson Wells. McKaye Daines' films are actually fairly well done despite budgeting difficulties (The Best Two Years, The Dance, and the upcoming Heber Holiday) I personally liked most of Dutcher's films but found his ego to be despicable.
New York Doll actually should have been included or at least mentioned in this list. Although, I do not know that I would classify that as Mormon Cinema technically. The definition gets a little dicey at this point
Seagulljaap
I didn't really like New York Doll. Perhaps it was just too talked up for me, but it just didn't really hit me. As for OSoH, it's sort of one of the iffy ones, made by a major studio and sort of concealing any of the Mormon aspects.
Put another way, I think OSoH is very much a Latter-day Saint film, but not a particularly Mormon one.
I agree with the New York Doll comments. I like your list. I'm sure I've seen way fewer Mormon movies than you, but I've seen all 5 on your list.
Re: States of Grace. The Uncalled 3 of us who saw this together gave it quite a hard time. But I don't disagree with you. I think I would grade it a solid B-, but my problem was that it thought it was an A++++ (I must give credit to our good friend Mr. Stevens for that line, although he was referring to Cinderella Man when he said it). This just goes back to the issue of Dutcher's ego. So even though it is a much better film than, say, The Book of Mormon Movie, I probably ended up ridiculing the two movies about the same amount.
Your comment showed up while I was typing mine, so I need to clarify: I agree with the first two NYD comments, and you should be ashamed of yourself alea.
librarianite said...
Alas, I haven't seen a single one of these movies. Why not? I think it boils down to how unavailable these films are outside of the Mormon belt.
Sure I could order them or visit the Mormon book store up here but then I'd have to fork over as much as 30 or 40 dollars for one film. I think i'll check zip.ca for your top five and put them on my list if I can. I feel a little left out.
robert-
please, I'm always ashamed of myself.
librarianite-
can't you use your library powers for evil and get your system to buy the movies? I'm not really sure any of these movies is worth owning, so if you can't get them with zip, just wait until we gather to Zion.
unfortunately my library powers only extend to the information technologies and not into collections.
Alas, Librarianship is not a real profession and I'm not even a real librarian.
Katya said...
Thanks for the list. :)
I think Charly fits nicely in with the 'movies to avoid at all costs' list. Yuck. Truly, though, it's mostly because What's-his-face who plays the whiny LDS love interest drives me nuts (which means I can't really appreciate Testaments, either).
The actress in Charly is possibly the WORST actress I have ever encountered. Well... This is not even including the Book of Mormon Movie... which, naturally is, as mentioned, in a class of its own.
What's the hardest part about buying a chihuahua?
You can always use a spare
It's a bit like a leper colony


text:
Cardinals fly by Fillmore like flashes
Santa Paula 40, Fillmore 13
By Marianne Ratcliff
The game of the year for Santa Paula Cardinal junior varsity was all theirs from the first interception by David Maldonado to the last touchdown by David Carrillo for a 40-13 victory over visiting Fillmore on Friday. Santa Paula's first possession was turned over to Fillmore on downs after six plays, but it was not meant to be the Flashes ball because on the first pass David Maldonado intercepted it on the 44-yard line. Five plays later David Carrillo ran the ball in from the five-yard line for the first touchdown of the game. A good kick by John Wadkowski gave Santa Paula a 7-0 lead. On the Cardinals next possession they were hindered by penalties for clipping and holding, but all was well when a 25-yard pass play from David Maldonado to Carlos Rico was followed with a five-yard quarterback sneak from the five with 37 seconds on the clock left Fillmore trailing 13-0.In the second quarter, Santa Paula scored in three plays with a 25-yard touchdown pass from David Maldonado to Rico. A failed two-point conversion run put the score at 19-0.Twenty seconds later and with 2:54 on the clock Fillmore's Ricky Lopez made a spectacular 85-yard kick-off return for their first score. A good kick by Diego Jaimes ended the half 19-7.Fillmore's Scott Meierhoff - a break, recovered midway through the third quarter a punt fumbled by Santa Paula for the Flashes. On their first play a penalty sent them back 15 yards then a fumble recovered by Santa Paula's Brandon Burboa ended Fillmore's opportunity to capitalize. More salt in the wound came when a punt fumble by Fillmore was thrown back into the end zone where Cardinal Victor Barrios recovered for a touchback. A two-point conversion pass from David Maldonado to Wadkowski was good for a 27-7 score.Two minutes into the fourth and Santa Paula's ball Carrillo put the ball across the line from the two on a hand off from David Maldonado. A conversion run failed. The Cardinal defense continued to pound Fillmore's offense. David Maldonado again intercepted a Fillmore pass on the 35. A 10-yard run back and five plays later Carrillo scampered into the end zone from the seven for a score. Add a good kick for 40-7.
Fillmore's rusher of the night, Lopez, made another sensational 90-yard kick off return. The Flashes went for the two-point conversion, but was stopped by Burboa. The win improves Santa Paula to a 5-1 record.ATTENTION: All Junior Varsity games for Santa Paula will now begin at 4 p.m. instead of 4:30, except hosting Malibu with a start time of 2 p.m. They have found that with a start time of 4:30 it does not give enough time for a varsity warm up time for a 7 p.m. game.


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Focus on the 'why of strategic marketing
On June 2, 2017 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning In the beginning stages of growth, many new businesses struggle to identify the 'why' of their business plan. Yet the 'why' – the reason why your company exists and what it stands for – is fundamental to getting your business off the ground and driving long-term success.
4 top tips on how to elevate your business to the next level
On May 24, 2017 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning In today's fast-paced business world, there is much hype and excitement around becoming an entrepreneur and launching a start-up. We tend to glamourise entrepreneurship, believing that anyone can 'make it' if they just work hard enough. Yet this view doesn't always reflect the gritty, day-to-day reality of
The challenges of moving to Singapore as a mumpreneur
On April 27, 2017 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning This month, I embarked on one of the most challenging chapters of my career so far: relocating to Singapore to launch Manning & Co's sister company, Gemstar's, first Young Entrepreneur's Program in partnership with Murdoch University. On my last day in Sydney, it was such a strange
The business of sisterhood & mentorship
By Gemma Manning A culture of sisterhood in business is about guiding and inspiring others to succeed and thrive. Like any partnership, successful mentoring relationships between women require perseverance, patience, and resilience – but they are well worth the effort and can make all the difference in lifting women in
Become a marketing-led company in 2017
On March 18, 2017 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning In today's customer-driven environment, a marketing-led company aims for sustainable business growth by investing in the customer experience as the top priority. In contrast, a sales-driven approach is typically short-term and transactional. In 2017, leaders need to invest in putting the customer experience first, ensuring that marketing
What you need to know to scale up your business in 2017
On January 21, 2017 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning As we move into what is forecast to be a promising year for business growth, Australian companies must prioritise regional and global expansion to get to the next level. When expanding a business both regionally and internationally, there can be double the number of problems throughout each
The rollercoaster ride of entrepreneurship
By Gemma Manning For entrepreneurs in any industry, the inner strength and resolve to bounce back from failure is absolutely vital. After nine years of managing my own business and getting a second business off the ground, I have learnt the hard way that success doesn't happen overnight. It takes
Business women, be bold and trust your instincts
On December 2, 2016 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning As a female entrepreneur and manager of two businesses, Manning & Co and Gemstar Technology, I have learnt to be confident and assertive about my ideas, and outspoken about my achievements. These traits don't come naturally to a lot of women. After almost 10 years of being
How to create purpose-driven marketing
On November 21, 2016 / M&C Blog
By Gemma Manning In our ever-increasing embrace of technology, what does the future of marketing and brand development look like? CEOs need to rethink their strategies and ensure that their digital platforms are key touch points for brand promotion and customer engagement. First, why go digital? Across every industry, digital platforms
On writing, editing and time management
On November 8, 2016 / M&C Blog
By Sarah McKenzie Back in 2010, I was a new arrival to the city and a fresh-faced undergrad at UTS. I started my three year Writing and Cultural Studies degree with ambitious intentions – but true to the stereotype of the perpetually disorganised, barely-over-20-something student, I quickly became a serial


Attach the wire support assembly to the belt shield with a plastic zip tie. Attach the chute latch to the blower assembly lever. Move the belt loop over to the double belt pulley. During the autumn months, you can use a riding tractor mower with a bagger attachment to collect leaves. Line up the hexagon shaped hole of the provided double sheave pulley wheel. Insert the mounting pin into the bracket hole and push down on the unit until the power flow bagger sits snugly against the deck. Release the pin into the hole.
Trim the end of the zip tie. . Slip it under the belt shield. Pull out the lock pin of the bagger support post. Push the tractor seat up on its hinges.
Things You'll Need Put on heavy leather work gloves to protect your hands from the mower blades. A Power Flow Bagger attachment is installed on a tractor mower near the mower blades. Remove the belt pulley nut with a socket wrench and lift off the pulley wheel. Reinstall the blades that came with the tractor mower at this time if you had replaced them with mulching blades. The problem is that once you have gotten your nifty new product, the product manual john deere power flow installation gets a brief glance, maybe a once over, but it often tends to get discarded or lost with the original packaging. Pull up the belt shield.
Hold the support post against the rear frame and align the pin holes of the post with the frame. Loop the power flow belt onto the top groove of the double belt pulley. Prop a wooden block between the right mower blade and the deck to stop the blade from moving. The bagger is used to collect grass clippings for ease of disposal. Trim off the ends of the zip ties.
Leave the front lip sections of the mulch kit where they are. Turn the front bracket out. Insert two supplied M8 cap screws into the hopper top and support post screw holes and tighten them to secure it. Remove the mower blade deck which is is the blade guard on the lower part of the tractor. Place the chute into the top hopper opening and position it over the discharge chute.
Install the hopper top onto the support post under the tractor seat. Tighten the belt by pulling the belt lever back. Tilt the mower deflector up and tape it to the mower with masking tape. Remove the masking tape and lower the mower deflector shield. Attach the upper latch rod with M8 cap screws by inserting them through the hole in the latch rod and post hole.
Reinstall the front right gauge wheel. Tighten the screws with the socket wrench. Unhook the spring of the mower belt. Slip the power flow bagger spring onto the belt shield support with the spring's leg positioned on the top of the belt shield. Remove the side cap screw and the right deck shield. Secure it with the two provided carriage bolts and lock-nuts, tightening them with the socket wrench. Place a spring washer and a lock-nut over each end of the cap screws.
Homeowners with large lawns to mow use tractor riding mowers, such as the John Deere tractor, to keep their yards looking neat. Adjust the rear gauge wheels until they touch the ground. Remove the two adjacent cap screws located on the top of the deck with a socket wrench. Insert the belt pulley nut. Tighten the blade bolt to 95 foot-pounds with the torque wrench to safely secure the right mower blade. Tractor riding mowers have a keyed ignition electric starter, steering wheel, cushioned seats and welded steel frames.


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Q: Get MacBook to say Thank You when plugging in the power cord? I would like to know how can to create an applescript which is executed when I connect the power cord to my MacBook. I would like it to say "Thank You"

A: This worked for me:
global thanks

on run
    set thanks to false
end run

on idle
    set battStatus to do shell script "pmset -g | grep \\*"
    if battStatus contains "AC Power" then
        if thanks is false then
            say "thank you"
            set thanks to true
        end if
    else
        set thanks to false
    end if
    return 1
end idle

Open Script Editor, Save as Application, Check "Stay open after run handler" to keep the program running. The only downside is you'll have to keep this program open at all times. You can set it to launch when you login. Maybe someone else has a better way to address this.


St. Louis and Arizona close a three-game series tonight at 10:10 ET on ESPN. The Diamondbacks look like false favorites at home.
Miles Mikolas (8-3, 2.61 ERA) is enjoying strong form for St. Louis, allowing three runs or fewer in five of his last six starts. He has yet to lose a decision away from home, where he's 4-0. St. Louis is 6-2 (+3.9 units) in his road starts.
Mikolas' fastball and sinker average 94-95 mph. He tends to start batters off with either pitch, elevating both in the strike zone. He keeps their release points similar to mask which pitch is approaching batters. This deception is useful because he keeps both pitches sufficiently unique thanks to his sinker's stronger arm-side movement. The other half of his arsenal features a slider and curveball, which are effective because they create a change of pace and because he concentrates them in the lowest region of the zone. His curveball creates a 16 mph velocity differential with his fastball, in addition to the change of eye level by its location. Opponents bat .182 against the slider and .209 against the curve.
His sinker and slider evince betting significance because in his worst games, the opponent slugged them well. The Diamondbacks rank in the bottom half (19th) in slugging against the sinker and slider from righties, 23rd overall, and 19th in the past month at home. The two teams against which Mikolas struggled in every outing, Philadelphia and San Diego, rank in the top 10 in average exit velocity against those two pitches. The D'backs rank 27th.
Patrick Corbin (6-3, 3.14 ERA) counters for Arizona. The southpaw has lost three consecutive home decisions. The betting market doesn't adjust for form. So he is still heavily favored despite not winning a home start since April 22.
Corbin relies primarily on a slider-sinker combo and emphasizes a fastball or curveball more or less often depending on his opponent. He likes to vary his fastball location, which induces a mixture of ground and fly balls. Conversely, he tends to keep his sinker and slider low to induce grounders. The slider is generally a put-away pitch. But Corbin features his with over 40% frequency against left-handed hitters when the count is even, the batter ahead or as a first pitch. He is confident enough in his sinker and slider to emphasize them against right-handed batters, who have mustered four doubles against 492 sinkers and sliders. They're a combined 4-for-63 against the sinker and slider in the two most bottom-left spots of the zone, but only an eighth of his sinkers and sliders land there.
In the past six weeks, Corbin was hit hard by the Mets and Reds. Both rank in the top 10 in slugging against his three most frequent pitches, the sinker, slider, and fastball, thrown by lefties. The Cards rank 5th. According to metrics, the Cards are strongly underachieving against Corbin's top two pitches. They are enjoying progression, ranking rank fourth against the sinker and slider from lefties in the past month and eighth away from home.
St. Louis righties rank 9th in slugging and first in average exit velocity against the sinker and slider from lefties away. Corbin, despite his limited fastball usage and usage instead of pitches rather correlated with soft contact, has been allowing a high rate of hard contact lately, which is bad news against a Cards lineup that is relatively dependent on hitting homers. Look out for Jose Martinez and Yadier Molina, who are slugging over .500 in their past seven days. Marcell Ozuna bats .302 against lefties.
The Cards' pen enjoys new life, boasting the fourth-best FIP in the past 14 days. Greg Holland hasn't allowed an earned run in seven post-DL outings. Its top two relievers, Jordan Hicks and Bud Norris, are fresh, whereas Arizona will likely have to do without Archie Bradley.
Arizona has lost six of seven at home. St. Louis will make it seven of eight for an MLB pick.


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Business Stationery Included Business stationery is everyday office use stationery with your branding, things like letterhead, complimentary slips, envelop are included. Email Signature Included A branded email signature containing your logo.


text:
HomePresenters and ProgramsPresenters
Brett Davidson
Brett Davidson is director of the media and narratives division of the Open Society Public Health Program, where his work focuses on changing long-held social narratives that impact public health. Previously, Brett was a media consultant in Southern and Eastern Africa, and before that he served as program manager at the South African democracy institute, Idasa, where he helped community radio stations develop participatory news and current affairs programming. He has also worked as a radio journalist, presenter, and producer at the South African Broadcasting Corporation. Brett holds a master's in journalism and media studies.


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.CAT fou un programa d'actualitat política i social de Televisió de Catalunya, emès per TV3 en directe els dijous en prime time. Presentat per Xavi Coral i dirigit per Manel Sarrau, el programa té una durada de 75 minuts. La seva primera emissió va ser el 24 d'abril de 2014.

Estructura
.CAT abordà cada setmana els temes més destacats de l'actualitat a través de diferents formats com l'entrevista, el cara a cara, el debat o la tertúlia. Xavi Coral i Tian Riba entrevistaven els protagonistes polítics de la setmana. El programa també comptà amb Natza Farré com a col·laboradora, que donava la seva mirada particular sobre l'actualitat.

Història
.CAT va néixer per ocupar el buit de programes nocturns d'actualitat a la televisió pública catalana, que havia estat ocupat anteriorment pel programa d'anàlisi política Àgora, presentat en l'última etapa pel periodista Xavier Bosch i Sancho o La Nit al dia, de Mònica Terribas.

L'octubre del 2015 el programa inicia una segona etapa conduïda per Xavi Coral, que fins al moment presentava el programa de la mateixa cadena, Divendres. En l'etapa anterior, ocupava la subdirecció i presentació Ariadna Oltra. El programa se centrava llavors en un únic tema que sotmetia a debat amb diferents convidats al plató.

Audiències

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Pàgina oficial del .CAT

Programes de Televisió de Catalunya


Definition: Proportion of 15–74-year-olds with health literacy above the minimum level regarded as necessary for understanding and using information relating to health issues.
Source: ABS 2008b; Table S1.4.12.
In 2006, 41% of Australians aged 15–74 were assessed as having adequate or more than adequate health literacy skills (ABS 2008b).
Half (50%) of all people aged 30–39 had health literacy skills that were adequate or better. Less than one-quarter (22%) of people aged 60–74 had health literacy skills that were adequate or better.
Levels of health literacy skills were similar for males and females—40% of males and 41% of females had adequate or better health literacy skills.
For more information, see Chapter 4.3 'Health literacy'.


text:
Котинга болівійська (Phibalura boliviana) — вид горобцеподібних птахів родини котингових (Cotingidae).

Таксономія
Цей таксон вважався підвидом Phibalura flavirostris до 2011 року, коли його було виділено до видового рангу.

Розповсюдження
Поширений в центральній Болівії. Мешкає у високогірних саванах і на околицях джунглів, а також у напіввологих лісах у горах на висоті від 1400 до 2000 м.

Чисельність
Птах вперше був виявлений на початку XX століття. Далі вид не спостерігався впродовж 98 років. Повторно виявлений у 2000 році у фрагментарному лісі площею 200—400 га поблизу міста Пата, на північному заході муніципалітету Аполо, у національному парку Мадіді. Загальна популяція виду оцінюється в 600—800 птахів.

Примітки

Посилання

Котингові
Птахи, описані 1930
Птахи Болівії
Ендемічна фауна Болівії


Separation and miles cannot keep a determined cardinal from his loved one in an ode to serendipity and belief that is destined to be a Christmas classic. Red and Lulu make their nest in a particularly beautiful evergreen tree. It shades them in the hot months and keeps them cozy in the cold months, and once a year the people who live nearby string lights on their tree and sing a special song: O Christmas Tree, O Christmas Tree. But one day, something unthinkable happens, and Red and Lulu are separated. It will take a miracle for them to find each other again. Luckily, it's just the season for miracles. . . . From Matt Tavares comes a heart-tugging story combining the cheer of Christmas, the magic of New York City, and the real meaning of the holiday season: how important it is to be surrounded by love.
Red and Lulu make their nest in a particularly beautiful evergreen tree. It shades them in the hot months and keeps them cozy in the cold months, and once a year the people who live nearby string lights on their tree and sing a special song: O Christmas Tree, O Christmas Tree. But one day, something unthinkable happens, and Red and Lulu are separated. It will take a miracle for them to find each other again. Luckily, it's just the season for miracles.


Serial #: 91068015, orange label.
Materials: Solid bookmatched handcarved fine grain spruce top; solid handcarved bookmatched AAA tiger-flame maple back and sides with Venetian cutaway; tiger flame maple neck with walnut centerstripes; solid ebony fingerboard with block mother of pearl inlays; abalone torch and headstock logo; 5-ply body and neck binding; bound f-holes.
Hardware: Hardware includes gold Gibson humbucking pickup, 5-ply bound tortoise pickguard; Gibson gold bell volume and tone knobs; engraved gold tailpiece with Wes Mongomery nameplate; gold Gibson Deluxe tuners, compensated adjustable Tunematic bridge with inlaid ebony foot; adjustable truss rod.
The solid maple back, sides and neck show particularly fine deep bookmatched tiger flame figure. This example is in great shape, 100% original, with all factory hardware and finish, without cracks, pick, buckle or thumbwear. A handsome California instrument, it has been professionally played and carefuly maintained, showing just a bit of finish checking on the back, a little tarnish on the gold art-deco tailpiece and a few small lacquer dents on the top and neck. Neck is a classic "D" profile, neither too skinny nor overly full, and the fretwork is high and perfectly crowned. A bonus is a genuine Buzz Feiten compensated nut for superior intonation. Tone is warm, rich and sweet, and the body is just a tad lighter than the standard CES. An instant classic, and a fitting tribute to the Man With the Golden Thumb.