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El siguiente artículo redacta información sobre Iguana iguana, para obtener información de cada una de sus subespecies, lea sus respectivos artículos.

La iguana verde, también conocida como iguana común  (Iguana iguana) es una especie de la familia Iguanidae. Es un gran lagarto arbóreo. Mide hasta 2m de longitud de cabeza a cola. Los machos alcanzan entre 30 y 40cm de longitud hocico-cloaca, las hembras cerca de 10cm menos que los machos; cola extremadamente larga y algo aplanada lateralmente. Llega a pesar más de 15kg. Pertenece al grupo mayor y de más complicado diseño de los saurios del Nuevo Mundo, al que pertenecen la mayoría de las especies. Cabeza angosta, hocico redondeado en vista dorsal y truncado en vista lateral; ojos  grandes con pupilas verticalmente elípticas; brazos robustos y poderosos con dedos provistos de uñas muy fuertes; pliegue gular conspicuamente grande en machos adultos y con escamas triangulares en bordes dando apariencia de sierra. En la base de la cabeza inicia una fila de escamas anchas y alargadas que se prolonga en la parte medio dorsal sobre cuerpo y cola. A los lados de la cabeza, presenta un escudo circular alargado. Comúnmente con tubérculos de espinas alargadas a los lados del cuello. Cambian de color dependiendo la edad.

Se encuentra desde México hasta Brasil y el Pantanal del Paraguay, también en islas del Caribe y de manera asilvestrada en Florida (Estados Unidos). En México, la especie se distribuye en la vertiente del Pacífico, principalmente de Sinaloa a Chiapas; actualmente se cuenta con algunos registros para el estado de Sonora. En la vertiente del Atlántico se le encuentra desde Veracruz hasta la península de Yucatán. También se le ha observado en Ciudad de México y en Morelos. Habita selvas tropicales y manglares, en menor grado áreas áridas y semiáridas. Prefiere clima cálido o muy cálido y húmedo o subhúmedo. Se encuentra desde 0 hasta cerca de los 1000ms.n.m.

La NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 considera a la especie como sujeta a protección especial; la UICN2019-1 como de preocupación menor. Se destaca la actividad humana como principal amenaza para la especie; en algunas poblaciones se da una reducción de sus individuos y de su rango de distribución por la sobre explotación, extracción de la especie y sus huevos para consumo humano y destrucción de grandes áreas boscosas.

Características

Pueden medir hasta 2metros. Son herbívoros y se reproducen por medio de huevos, que son colocados bajo tierra durante el mes de febrero (verano austral). Alcanzan la madurez sexual a los 16meses de edad, pero son consideradas adultas a los 36meses, cuando miden 70cm de largo.

El color verde de su piel les permite confundirse perfectamente con la vegetación que hay en su entorno. Su piel está recubierta de pequeñas escamas; tienen una cresta dorsal que recorre desde su cabeza hasta su cola, esta es muy vistosa en los machos.

Todas las iguanas tienen patas muy cortas y cinco dedos en cada pata, acabados en garras muy afiladas. Su cola es larga y delgada y está bordeada por una hilera de afiladas escamas dorsales. Este animal a veces emite resoplidos.

También se caracterizan por un gran repliegue debajo de la barbilla similar a una papada y son conocidas por sus espectaculares exhibiciones en los rituales de defensa y cortejo, en los que levantan el cuerpo mientras agitan con fuerza la cabeza de arriba abajo. Viven principalmente en regiones bastante húmedas, como la selva mexicana y brasileña, así como en otras regiones similares del planeta tierra.

Dimorfismo sexual

El macho se distingue de la hembra porque tiene una cresta más grande y protuberante, la cabeza es corta y no tan alargada. Tienen unas glándulas a nivel de su membrana subtimpánica que en la madurez sexual empiezan a crecer y se notan los bultos.

La papada suele ser más grande en los machos. Los poros femorales, protuberancias que van por abajo de sus piernas, son más marcados que en la hembra. Además, tienen dos bultos en la zona de la cloaca que son los hemipenes.

Los machos también tienden a cambiar a un color anaranjado en época de apareamiento. Esto, aunque tampoco es una característica exclusiva de los machos, su color es más brillante y fuerte que en las hembras. La época de apareamiento es diferente en cada región del mundo; está regida por temperaturas, humedad y radiación solar, que hacen que entren en la época de celo.

Distribución y hábitat

Las iguanas viven en zonas de vegetación espesa y en altura (manglares, selvas, pastizales, riberas de ríos, acahuales...), donde la temperatura media anual es de 27-28°C y la humedad ambiente es superior al 70%. Son animales fundamentalmente arborícolas, es decir, que pasan la mayor parte del tiempo en los árboles, y lo hacen gracias a sus fuertes garras y su larga cola.

Subespecies

Esta especie es subdividida en cuatro subespecies:
 Iguana iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758). Habita en América del Sur y las Antillas.
 Iguana iguana insularis (Breuil, Vuillaume, Schikorski, Krauss, Morton, Haynes, Daltry, Corry, Gaymes, Gaymes, Bech, Jelić & Grandjean, 2019). Bequia, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Islas Granadinas.
 Iguana iguana melanoderma (Breuil, Schikorski, Vuillaume, Krauss, Morton, Corry, Bech, Jelić & Grandjean, 2020). Antillas Menores, Montserrat, Saba.
 Iguana iguana sanctaluciae (Breuil, Vuillaume, Schikorski, Krauss, Morton, Haynes, Daltry, Corry, Gaymes, Gaymes, Bech, Jelić & Grandjean, 2019). Santa Lucía, Indias Occidentales.

Los taxones pueden ser separados según la cantidad de «cuernos» en el hocico.

Comportamiento

Al ser reptiles, son de sangre fría, con lo que con los primeros rayos de sol, suben a las ramas más altas para alcanzar la temperatura óptima «operativa», aproximadamente entre 28-35°C. Acto seguido se dedican a la búsqueda de alimento, sobre todo hojas (son folívoros), brotes tiernos y alguno que otro fruto, la mayoría de estos los consiguen sin bajar de los árboles, aunque en ocasiones pueden bajar, bien para comer frutos maduros, para poner huevos (en madrigueras que excavan en el suelo) o bien para huir de algún depredador (las iguanas prefieren vivir cerca de ríos para así zambullirse desde el árbol en caso de peligro, pudiendo estar sumergidas durante lapsos de tiempo de hasta 15minutos).

Las iguanas son animales bastante solitarios y sólo viven en comunidad mientras dura el periodo de celo y reproducción, durante el cual se juntan en grupos de unos 5 a 8miembros, formados por un macho dominante, varias hembras, y ejemplares jóvenes. Como vemos se forma una jerarquía en la cual el macho dominante tiene mayores privilegios (sobre las hembras, lugar para tomar el sol, etc.). Suelen estar siempre alerta ayudándose unas a otras en la difícil tarea de vigilancia continua. Sus principales enemigos (además del hombre), son los felinos, serpientes y aves de presa (el zanate que se alimenta de crías, el tejón, el mapache que destruye sus nidos para alimentarse de los huevos, la boa, incluso perros y gatos domésticos).

Las iguanas jóvenes prefieren situarse en una altura baja-media del bosque donde el calor no es tan sofocante y la humedad es más elevada. Por el contrario, las iguanas adultas suelen ocupar las copas altas de los árboles donde el sol da con más intensidad y donde la humedad es menor.

Durante un periodo determinado de tiempo (que suele variar de unas regiones a otras), que normalmente va de diciembre a febrero, las iguanas entran en celo y centran toda su actividad en intentar aparearse. Los machos pelean por un territorio elevado y soleado. Las hembras observan a los machos y suelen elegir a aquel más grande o dominante. Tras este período, una hembra puede aparearse hasta con tres machos, y un macho puede embestir a una gran multitud de hembras. Al quedarse preñadas las hembras, tras dos meses de gestación, pelearán por un terreno donde realizar los túneles (de 25-50cm de profundidad y de 7 a 15m de largo) en los que depositar los huevos. Los huevos eclosionarán (romperán el cascarón) entre los 70 y 90días dependiendo de las condiciones climáticas.

Las iguanas han sido siempre cazadas por los nativos de la zona (sobre todo el día de Pascua, en la que es el manjar por excelencia), aunque durante los últimos años son perseguidas con fines comerciales mediante perros adiestrados. El negocio peletero y de venta como animal de compañía han hecho peligrar su existencia hasta llegar a estar registradas en el apéndice II del CITES.

Las iguanas son animales diurnos, esto quiere decir que están activos únicamente por el día y duermen por la noche. Son animales que, a diferencia de perros y gatos, siguen una rutina diaria que suele ser inmutable (quizá sea por esto mismo por lo que odian los cambios y se estresan con facilidad). Pues bien, una iguana salvaje se despierta cuando sale el sol y busca un sitio soleado donde recostarse y calentarse hasta alcanzar la temperatura apropiada para moverse con facilidad y buscar alimento. Así permanecen más o menos hasta mediodía, es entonces cuando se dedican a la búsqueda de forraje, flores, hojas, brotes tiernos, frutos suaves, etc. Tras comer lo suficiente, buscan de nuevo un sitio soleado donde permanecer recostadas y digerir el alimento. Al atardecer, buscan un sitio seguro donde esperar a que llegue la noche. Y así durante los 10 a 15años que suelen vivir las iguanas salvajes.

Suelen utilizar la cola como látigo para su defensa ante animales relativamente más grandes.

Las iguanas son reptiles estrictamente herbívoros. En estado salvaje pueden llegar a comer pequeños insectos que los ingieren al comerse las hojas verdes, que es lo que les interesa; o cuando escasea la vegetación y ya han pasado días sin comer se les ha llegado a ver alimentándose de pequeños insectos o animales, cabe mencionar que esto es perjudicial para su salud.

A las iguanas se les encuentra viviendo en árboles cerca del agua, donde se introducen si son atacadas. Ágiles escaladoras, pueden caer al suelo de la selva (sobre el colchón orgánico) desde 10m sin lastimarse, corriendo a gran velocidad inmediatamente.

Conservación y amenazas

Las poblaciones de iguana, se han visto disminuidas de manera significativa en todas sus latitudes de distribución, desde los estados de Sinaloa y Veracruz en México hasta Brasil y Paraguay, debido, principalmente a la caza sin control y a la destrucción paulatina de su hábitat. En México, los estados en donde se presenta mayor captura son Oaxaca, Guerrero, Campeche y Chiapas, donde sus poblaciones se han reducido drásticamente.

Estas acciones son el resultado del uso de las especies de iguanas por las comunidades locales en Latinoamérica como alimento de subsistencia. Además, ha representado una fuente importante de proteínas con alto valor nutricional en los trópicos de América desde hace cientos de años. La caza de iguanas se ve reflejada en numerosas culturas del Pacífico y América Central, donde es utilizada principalmente como alimento, consumiendo la carne y huevos por considerarse afrodisíacos y deliciosos prácticamente en todas las regiones donde habita, principalmente por la población rural.

Debido a su popularidad en el mercado de las mascotas y como alimento en países de América Latina, las iguanas están listadas en el Apéndice CITESII (Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres), lo que significa que su comercio debe de ser limitado y controlado.

En Puerto Rico, se estima que su número sobrepasa el de la población humana de ese país (casi 4 millones) y al ser ya un problema se está considerando establecer una industria para su captura y comercialización para exportarla a países centroamericanos donde su carne tiene gran demanda.

Relación con el hombre

En Chiapas las iguanas se capturan por cientos durante la época de postura con un lazo, luego les abren los dedos para sacar los tendones y amarrar con ellos sus extremidades anteriores y posteriores, por encima del lomo. Para obtener los huevos, abren el vientre del reptil, halando los largos oviductos. Luego, el animal es arrojado, aún vivo, con el vientre abierto. En algunas partes del Golfo de México la caza de iguanas se realiza utilizando perros iguaneros adiestrados (con las orejas cortadas según la tradición) los cuales deben coger a las iguanas, pero sin comérselas. Un hombre sube a los árboles y las asusta, y éstas por instinto se lanzan a un río cercano o al suelo y es cuando estos perros las persiguen y atrapan.

Una vez capturada, la iguana es atada de sus extremidades por encima del lomo, para ello, jalan una de sus uñas con todo y tendón para insertarla en el tendón de la falange en la extremidad opuesta. Además, debido a su agresividad se les cose el hocico para evitar que muerdan durante el transporte.

En Colombia, especialmente en corregimientos del departamento del Cesar situados a orillas de ciénagas y ríos como lo son Barranca de Lebrija, Loma de Corredor, Puerto Patiño y Campo Amalia, se caza la iguana con otra finalidad diferente al de su consumo, utilizando sus restos como carnada para la pesca de nicuro y comelón, dos peces carnívoros que abundan en todo el sur del departamento.

Cautiverio

Las iguanas verdes son utilizadas como mascotas exóticas, a pesar de necesitar cuidados especiales como un terrario, una temperatura adecuada, comida fresca diariamente, tomar el sol, disponer de iluminación UV. Puede transmitir la bacteria Salmonella.

La iguana verde es la más comercializada a pesar de ser muy territorial, a muchos no les importa y compran este tipo de reptil sin pensar en las consecuencias de la vida del animal, aun cuando consideren crear un hábitat artificial con todas las precauciones, cuidados y alimentación, nunca vivirá igual que en su hábitat natural.

Gastronomía

Esta especie es muy codiciada en Panamá y departamentos del Caribe colombiano, donde es preparada su carne con leche de coco, siendo uno de los platos más apetecidos de la población de Fonseca en la La Guajira colombiana. En el departamento del Atlántico, son cazadas las hembras para retirarles los huevos dejándolas estériles. Estos son comercializados ilegalmente.

También es utilizada en sopas en Nicaragua para la llamada «sopa de garrobo». Son cazadas y vendidas en mercados de diferentes ciudades del país, es ilegal, pero el país no cuenta con leyes básicas que se pongan en reglamento.

Otro de los usos gastronómicos, es usar su carne en el sur de Veracruz (México), como ingrediente en el tamal, solo usan la carne de las iguanas adultas, ya que una joven posee poca carne. Este es cazado por su dulce sabor diferente que le da al tamal, pues se necesita solicitar un permiso temporal para la caza, porque son destazadas brutalmente, y les cortan su cabeza, sus patas y cola. Después son retiradas de su piel y empezadas a desmenuzar.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Enciclovida tiene un artículo sobre Iguana iguana.
 Naturalista tiene una ficha sobre Iguana iguana.

Iguanidae
Reptiles del Neotrópico
Animales descritos en 1758
Taxones descritos por Carlos Linneo
Reptiles de Venezuela

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Kippur Quick Guide
HomeAll Posts...Kippur Quick Guide
Kippur Eve and Teshuva
The guiding rule in observing Kippur is maintaining a balance between respecting the sanctity of the day and one's physical health.
According to Shulhan Arukh, the practice of doing Kapparot with chickens should be eliminated. (see appendix)
We must ask for forgiveness and reconcile with those we have hurt. If applicable, payments should be made. A token apology will not suffice.
Whether we repent for transgressions of laws between us and God, or between us and others, the steps of Teshuva should be followed: recognition of the wrongdoing, genuine repentance, a commitment to never repeat the act.
The one being apologized to should be willing to forgive, but if the apology is not sincere it can be rejected, especially when dealing with a habitual offender. If you see a pattern of offenses and genuine apologies from the same person, it is better to keep a distance in the future, even after forgiving.
Confession on Minha of Kippur Eve, as well as on Kippur itself, should be focused on things we are aware of and want to repent for. It is better to say your personal prayer than use the alphabetical lists printed in the Siddur, which should be viewed as a reminder what we might have done.
It is recommended to eat the last meal an hour or two before the fast.
Prohibitions of Kippur
Five actions are mentioned in Halakha as forbidden on Kippur, besides the laws of Shabbat which apply to Kippur as well: Eating and drinking; Applying oils; Washing; Wearing leather shoes; Having marital relationships.
Of the five, only eating and drinking are punishable, since they are the only ones with basis in the Torah. The rest are instituted by the rabbis and supported by biblical texts, and it is therefore easier to allow exceptions in observing them.
Perhaps the most difficult aspect of the fast is not drinking, and quite often people push themselves to the limit and put their lives at risk. One example is that of R. Yisrael of Ruzhyn, who resisted the urge to drink on Kippur, even against his doctor's advice, and passed away shortly afterwards at the age of 54.
R. Yaakov Haggiz (1620-1674) writes that it is possible that by biblical law one is not forbidden to drink water, since it is not nutritious. We can rely on his opinion for cases of need, as shall be explained below.
If there are clear doctor's orders, they should be followed. Attempting extreme piety and fasting against doctor's orders is a transgression.
Expectant and nursing mothers can sip water all day in small quantities (less than 3 fl. oz.) and in intervals of no less than five minutes.
Pills taken on a regular basis can be taken with less than 3 fl. oz. of water. The same applies for those who need to take pills for severe headaches, including caffeine pills.
If one feels the need to eat or drink because of physical conditions, water and food can be consumed in small quantities (less than 3 fl. oz. and 2 oz., respectively). It is recommended to use high-energy foods. They should be consumed in intervals of no less than five minutes.
If one feels that following these rules will not suffice, and might cause him damage, he should eat and drink regularly until he is no longer at risk.
Using mouthwash or brushing teeth is allowed on Kippur, and maybe even mandatory because of dignity and respect towards others.
Fasting before bar or bat Mitzvah is just a custom and children should not be pushed beyond their limits or made to feel guilty if they "broke" the fast.
Parents and caregivers should practice great caution during Kippur, since the children or adults under their care might feel too proud or religiously committed to ask for food or water.
Other Prohibitions
Washing is forbidden only when for pleasure and permitted when it is for cleanliness. In antiquity only hands soiled with dirt or worse were considered unclean, but today, with our heightened hygiene awareness, one can wash hands regularly with soap when needed.
Washing the face is allowed for those who otherwise will not feel dignified or relaxed.
The prohibition of applying oils to the skin refers only to actions done for pleasure, and it is therefore allowed to use medicinal creams, lip balm, Vaseline, deodorants of all kinds, perfume, or eau de cologne.
If one who has only leather shoes and cannot walk barefoot because of danger, or discomfort, he can wear these shoes.
Similarly, if leather shoes are essential to provide protection from rain or snow, or for orthopedic needs, they may be used.
Abstinence is limited to intimate relationships and does not include other forms of affection.
The Kol Nidre ritual, at the opening of Yom Kippur services, is largely symbolic. Though the text suggests that it is an official court session, meant to annul unwanted vows, the truth is that it has no legal validity.
Those who view Kol Nidre as a legal process, argue that since a court cannot convene at night, the text should be recited before sunset. This causes some synagogues to struggle with Kippur Eve schedule. This should not be a concern, since Kol Nidre has no legal significance.
The prayers of Yom Kippur are peppered with many poems and supplications, many of which are difficult to understand even for Hebrew speakers, and others to which a modern reader might not easily relate. The time we spend in the synagogue on Kippur should be meaningful and purposeful, and we should avoid reciting prayers by rote or if we do not relate to them.
The essential components of the prayers are Shema and Amidah, and one can choose to read only those parts in each prayer. Such was the custom of the first Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel, rabbi Avraham Yitzhak HaCohen Kook, who would spend hours reciting those parts.
The purpose of Yom Kippur is to prompt us to acknowledge our mistakes and repent. If this is achieved by tuning in to and following the poems and Selihot, that is wonderful, and if not, it is better to use the time in the synagogue or home for reflection and contemplation.
We should use whatever means available and appropriate to reflect on mending our mistakes and cultivating an aspiration for spiritual growth.
Rabbenu Yaakov ben HaRosh mentions several practices of additions to the prayer. He writes that most of the additions are optional, and that the prayer should not be stretched to the point where Shema or Musaf are not recited on time.
In general, the religious and lay leaders of the synagogue should bear in mind that on Yom Kippur they get a mixed crowd, with varied levels of expertise and interest in prayers. The common working assumption is "let us keep them here while we can", but from experience I have learned that a shorter and more meaningful service is beneficial to all. Those who are not well-versed do not feel that they were sitting in the synagogue as extras for prolonged periods, while the more seasoned shul goers are not distracted by the conversations of those who are bored. Those interested in more poems and Selihot can remain in the synagogue and recite them after the official services have been concluded.
One can read portions of the Tanakh, especially Psalms, Proverbs, Job, and the prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Hosea, and Micah. Many synagogues offer Yom Kippur readers, and one can also read the writings of the Mussar movement, Hassidic teachings, or general literature such as Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl.
Most orthodox communities are reluctant to translate prayers into the spoken language. However, the Tur and Shulhan Arukh both rule that one could recite the prayers in any language he chooses. Especially when reciting the very long prayers of Kippur, it would be advisable to use that ruling of the Shulhan Arukh, and not only translate prayers recited in Hebrew, but replace certain segments with the translation, to avoid redundancy and burdening the community.
If this is not possible, it is recommended that during the Selihot and the repetition of Musaf, classes and prayer workshops will be offered to those who find it difficult to follow the prayers and remain focused.
Neila and Ending
Birkat Kohanim of Neila should be said, preferably, before sunset. However, in most cases the sunset deadline is not met, and if it is, too much time is left until the fast is over, and as a result, the cantors drag the prayer and burden the community. It is better therefore to rely on the opinion of Rabbenu Tam's that night starts much later, and push Birkat Kohanim to about 20 minutes after sunset, thus making perfect time for the end of Tefila and Arvit.
In some synagogues, there is a massive exodus right after the Shofar is blown. Many congregants, who stay for Arvit, get very frustrated with the noise and commotion, and of course it disrupts the Arvit prayer. It is therefore suggested to wait with the Shofar, start Arvit about 15 minutes before the fast is over, and then blow shofar at the simultaneous end of Arvit and the fast.
If this is not possible, it is better to conduct Havdalah immediately when the fast is over and let people break the fast. Then, when most people have left the synagogue, and those who stayed have quenched their thirst and satiated their hunger, they can pray with calmness and intention.
There is a custom of starting to build the Sukkah immediately after Kippur, but it is of course not mandatory. It is a symbolic act which shows that we are eager to observe the Mitzvoth, but it should not put anyone in a predicament. The sukkah can be built before Kippur, or, if one is too tired after the fast, it can be built later.
May we all have an easy and meaningful Kippur, one in which we will be able to reconcile, forgive, and propel ourselves to new spiritual heights.
Shana Tova VaHatima Tova
Rabbi Haim Ovadia
Appendix: Kapparot
In Tur Orah Haim, laws of Kippur (ch. 605), we find the following:
Some communities have the tradition to slaughter a rooster to atone for one's sins. The Geonim of Babylonia, who were asked about the practice, answered that while it seems that the rooster is a symbolic substitute for the sinner who should have died, they do not know why it is a rooster and not any other animal. They then offer three possibilities:
Roosters live in the house [thus sharing their fate with humans.]
There is no need to insist on using roosters, and indeed, wealthier people use a ram.
The Hebrew name for a rooster is גבר – a man.
The cantor puts his hand on the rooster's head and places it on top of the head of the candidate for atonement. He says: "This is instead of that; This replaces that; This takes away from that". He then circles the rooster above the man's head and says some verses from Psalm 107, adding the wordsנפש תחת נפש – a soul for a soul. He repeats the verses three times, and then places his hands on the rooster's head, in the manner used for a sacrifice in the Temple and slaughters the rooster. It is customary to give the rooster to the poor to atone for one's soul [by doing charity], and to throw the intestines on the roof to feed the birds [of prey].
This description raises several problems: 1. The practice smells of paganism; 2. One is not allowed to perform a ritual which resembles a sacrifice in the Temple; 3. Giving the rooster to the poor is insulting, suggesting that they consume the sins of the giver.
Indeed, R. Yosef Karo, in his commentary Bet Yosef, writes in the name of Rashba:
Though I heard from God-fearing people from Germany that all the rabbis in their country follow that practice, I have stopped it in my community, and Nahmanides forbade it because it is a pagan practice.
In his Shulhan Arukh, R. Karo wrote more emphatically:
The practice of slaughtering a rooster for each male should be stopped.
If you are interested in a concrete conclusion you do not to read further, just know that conducting Kapparot with birds is forbidden because of its resemblance of pagan magic and beliefs. If you want to do Kapparot, use money and give it to charity.
Historically, however, this did not happen in most places. The practice continued to flourish and develop and was extended from males only to the whole family. As women were added, someone suggested that hens should be used for women and roosters for men. Later, there was a concern that a pregnant woman would not have full coverage, and so people started to use three birds for a pregnant woman: one hen for her, and a hen and rooster to cover for a male or female fetus (Thank God for sonograms!). One commentator even suggested that five birds should be used, three females and two males, in case she is carrying twins, but concluded that such pregnancies are not common.
Other elements were added that pushed the practice towards mystical realms. It was told about R. Yaakov Mullen (aka Maharil, Germany 1360-1427) that he would use only white roosters, to suggest that the blood-red sins turn white as snow. Later generations defended that practice which seemed to attribute magical powers to a white rooster, by saying that Maharil would not search for it, and would only choose it from among other birds when available. His disciple, R. Yaakov Weil, wrote that the initials of the Hebrew formula recited over the rooster's head forms the word חתך – which is the name of the angel of life. Finally, it was R. Yaakov of Emden (aka Yaavetz, Germany 1697-1776), who composed a Kabbalistic introduction to the Kapparot and included it in his Siddur:
I am about to perform this atonement and heal its root in the supreme world. May it be Your will that this hour, in which a thread of mercy is amplified, will become a time of kindness and compassion. And in the merit of slaughtering this גבר, the five rigors which are the foundation of man will be sweetened, as they connect to the holy feminine world… through which our souls are born. Rebuild our Temple and let us send away the scapegoat, and we will sacrifice goats to sweeten the rigor and strength of the queen.
It is amazing, and worrisome, to see how a practice takes a life (or better yet, death) of its own, and is transformed from folklore into a mystical practice with extensive Halakhic literature. Additionally, the analogy Yaavetz makes between the rooster and the scapegoat is intriguing, as it is based on the understanding that the scapegoat would carry away the sins to the desert to get rid of them. This is based on Midrashic interpretation, but I would like to suggest that the purpose of confessing the sins of the whole nation over the goat's head and sending it to the desert was meant to convey the opposite message.
The scapegoat, which according to the Torah roams free in the desert, represents the idea that though we repent for our misdeeds, we never know the full extent of their impact. Years after our repentance, a wrong move or word could still cause negative reverberations.
Thus, the most important lesson of Kippur, and of the scapegoat, is not that I can cast away all my sins with a goat, a rooster, or some coins, but rather that I should always be aware of my actions, preempting a transgression or a wrongdoing, as well as their far-reaching and incalculable consequences.
1 עלי תמר יומא פרק ח: אדמו"ר הרה"ק ר"י מריזין זצ"ל נפטר מצמאון הלב שנגרם לו כעדות הרופא ביום הכיפורים האחרון כאשר התגבר
עליו בולמוס של צמא והשלים את תעניתו מבלי לגמוע טיפת מים במשך היממה
2 הרב יעקב חאגיז, שו"ת הלכות קטנות חלק ב סימן רפב: אפשר דמן התורה אינו חייב אלא אכל מידי דמיזן אבל מים אינן זנין כלל; וראה הרב
יצחק זילברשטיין (1934-), חשוקי חמד יומא דף עד עמוד ב: עוד אפשר להוסיף שיתכן שיש גם לחוש לדעת ההלכות קטנות… מים אינן זנין
כלל כמו שכ' הרמב"ם
3 שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים, תריג, א: לא אסרו אלא רחיצה של תענוג
4 שם, סימן תריג, ד: מי שהוא אסטניס ואין דעתו מיושבת עליו עד שיקנח פניו במים מותר
5 שם, סימן תריד, ד: מותר כל אדם לנעול סנדל מחמת עקרב וכיוצא בו… ואם ירדו גשמים ורוצה לילך לביתו מבית הכנסת או להיפך, והוא
איסטניס, מותר לנעול מנעליו עד שמגיע למקומו
6 טור אורח חיים, סימן תרכ: …וטוב שלא להאריך בהם כל כך כדי לקרות ק"ש בעונתה… יותר נכון מנהג טוליטולה שאין מוסיפין בהן… ולא
דבר קצוב הוא ולא חובה… ומה שירצו או להרבות או למעט הרשות בידם ולפנינו אין אומרים אלא דבר מועט… וטוב לקצר בפיוטים
ובסליחות שחרית
7 טור אורח חיים, סימן קא: ויכול להתפלל בכל לשון שירצה; שולחן ערוך, שם: ויכול להתפלל בכל לשון שירצה… תפלה הקבועה לצבור,
אפילו יחיד יכול לאומרה בכל לשון; ויש אומרים דאף יחיד כששואל צרכיו יכול לשאול בכל לשון שירצה

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jos. A. Bank offers its Jos. A. Bank Men's Traveler Tailored Fit 2-Button Suit with Plain Front Trousers in Black/Weave Stripe for $99. Add two to your cart to drop the price to $108.98. Apply coupon code "VISAJ4" and checkout with V.me by Visa for the final price of $92.63. With free shipping, that's $46.32 per suit and a very strong price for two men's suits, although we saw this deal for a buck less four days ago. It's available in select regular and long sizes 38 to 42, although not in all size/length combinations.


Tor Browser in the Apple App Store is fake. It's full of adware and spyware. Two users have called to complain. We should have it removed.
Filed complaint with Apple on 26 December 2013.
Apple responded today with chance for author to defend their app.
was going to report this, too. thanks for beating me to it!
I have just sent another email to <appstorenotices@…>.
Sent another email to appstorenotices@.
Maybe we need to change the email to include the registration numbers and USPTO registered address to make them respond.
Or maybe we need to bypass their process, since it's been weeks and they're still putting our users at risk?
Or said another way, when do we start involving our personal contacts at Apple? And when do we start making a public fuss?
I think naming and shaming is now in order. Apple has been putting users at risk for months now.
I mailed Window Snyder and Jon Callas to see if they can get us past the bureaucracy.
I just sent Tim Cook an email about this linking to the SCmagazine article about it, which includes a link to this ticket. Sometimes Steve Jobs responded to and acted on such emails. Maybe Cook will, too.
We have removed the app listed below from the App Store. Please allow some time for our systems to refresh. We trust that this resolves your concerns.
Please do not close tickets assigned to me. This isn't over. Our lawyers are still expecting a response from Apple.


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Royal Panda Online Casino Review 2021 - Games
Excellent on Mobile
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< Royal Panda reviewGamesBaccaratHow the draws are handledSlotsPokerBlackjackRouletteSportsbettingReal Money GamesCrapsJackpots
Royal Panda offers plenty of different games from some of the best software providers in the industry. Their games are of good quality and we assure you that you can find some of the most popular titles once you join the Royal Panda family.
Baccarat is a card game played by many. There are different variations of the game so you can find the one that you really enjoy playing. Playing Baccarat online is very simple, you place your bet and wait for the outcome. And, if you miss the social interaction you can play the game live with a real life dealer.
The game dates back to the 1800s when it started appearing in some gambling houses in Europe. Back in the days the game was played on a very large table and it required at least 3 croupiers to operate the game. At first, the game was played as a social event rather than a gambling event.
Since the game was kept at higher stakes it gained a bit of a mystique and high status. Maybe that is why baccarat is the game of choice of James Bond himself.
Everything changed in the mid-late 1990s when online casinos had their surge of popularity. People could enjoy online Baccarat for the first time, no matter where they were as long as they had a good Internet connection. What is more, low stakes tables were introduced, so everyone had a chance to give this exciting game a try.
What sets Baccarat apart from other casino games is that it has a low house advantage, so even if you don't know how the game works you can still give it a try and don't lose all your budget all at once like in other games.
The rules of the game are very simple and they follow this basic structure:
All face cards count as 0, all aces count as 1, and all the other cards count as their given value. No matter how many players there are at the table, you only play against the banker. The game starts with the dealer dealing two cards to you 'the player' and two cards to themselves 'the banker'. You are allowed to bet on either hand.
Before the hand is dealt, you have to place your wager. You can bet on either the banker or the player's hand, or you can bet that the game will end in a tie.
Player Bet – This is a bet that the player hand will win, and if it does you will get paid even money. This is the most basic bet in Baccarat.
Banker Bet – This bet is similar to the previous bet, but this time you bet that the banker hand will win. The banker hand has slightly greater odds to win but it comes with 5% commission, so even if you win, you will be paid slightly less.
Tie Bet – This bet is a wager that the banker hand and the player hand will end with the same digit, resulting in a tie. The payout for winning this bet is 8:1 and it can go higher at some tables.
Pair Bet – This is a bet that the player or the banker will be dealt with two cards of the same rank. You have to bet on either player or the banker, since it doesn't count for both. The payout for this bet is 10:1 at most tables.
How the draws are handled
The procedure of drawing cards is not something that you need to be familiar with to win at the game, but it is something that a lot of players choose to know.
The game starts with the dealer giving two cards each to the player and the banker. If either of the hands has a score of 8 or 9, this is called natural hand and the game stops here and the bets are resolved. If this is not the case, the dealer looks specifically at the player hand and if their score is lower than 6, they will receive another card. Then the dealer looks at the banker card, and if they have a score of 5 or less.
Anyhow, if the player received a third card, then the banker will receive a third card on certain conditions. This may vary for different tables but in general it goes something like this. If the player receives a third card the banker will draw a third card under these conditions only:
When the player's third card is an 8, then the banker is allowed to draw a third card if they have a hand with a total value of 2 or less.
When the player's third card is a face card, an ace or a nine, then the banker is allowed to draw a third card if they have a hand with a total value of 3 or less.
When the player's third card is a 2 or 3, then the banker is allowed to draw a third card if they have a hand with a total value of 4 or less.
This may seem a lot, especially for someone who is still learning the game, but there is a silver lining in all this, you don't have to know these rules only the dealer. And they will not affect your game play in any way.
At Royal Panda, there are over 700 slot games to play and the majority of them are video slots. However there are classic slots and a couple of traditional pokies to play. The games are powered by NetEnt, Microgaming and NYX so expect to find some of the best titles possible.
At the casino you can play some of the best slots including:
There are many other popular online video slot games, but these are the most popular ones, according to the player's opinion. What is left for us is to show you what some of the most popular games have to offer:
Twin Spin Deluxe - The game offers Cluster Pay where you can win by matching two adjacent reels on each spin. The game has a competitive RTP rate and is also available in free play mode.
Fortunium – This is a 40 payline and 5 reel medium variance game coming from Microgaming. This is a straightforward game that is easy to play and offers some great visuals.
Blood Sucker II – This is a video slot game coming from NetEnt with a vampire theme that offers a spooky storyline. There are 3D animations that keep the game lively and the free spins feature can really boost your balance.
Bonanza – This is a game from SG Interactive with Wild West mining theme. Thanks to its high payout percentage this slot is hugely popular with players.
At Royal Panda you can choose from 9 video poker games from NetEnt and Microgaming. You can play each game in practice mode to see what it is all about. This is a great way to get to know the software and how the game works especially if you are new to playing video poker. These are all the games you can find at the casino:
Joker Wild Double Up
All American Double Up
Tens or Better
At Royal Panda there are close to 40 variations of the very popular Blackjack game. Most of the games are played live, with a real life dealer but there are also some non-live games available. All the games are powered by NetEnt and Evolution Gaming, both these companies are considered the best in the industry. You can wager bets starting from $0.10 up to maximum $10.000. And, the good news is that you can try each game in demo mode without having to risk your balance.
At Royal Panda you can find all the variations of the roulette game including European, American and French Roulette. There are also some interesting variations you can try like Slingshot Auto Roulette and Live Double Ball Roulette. There are games for both, budget players and players who appreciate the high table limits.
Royal Panda sportsbook is part of the LeoVegas Group and it has been operating sportsbetting since 2014, and in the United Kingdom since 2017.
You can find events by competition or team when you head to the sports section at the casino. Royal Panda players can choose from about 50 sports and about 3,000 betting markets. The most popular sports are football, tennis and basketball.
Every day you can find more than 3000 different betting markets for fixtures on the current day. Most of the bets are about football.
Lately, players prefer the in-play betting but also the pre-match bet is still popular. The only thing that we really miss is the live streaming which is not offered at Royal Panda, but the in-play interface features offers many information that you will find useful.
There are many different games you can find at Royal Panda and play for real money. People are mostly drawn to the jackpot games that offer prizes that will blow your mind. If you want to have a life-changing experience then we suggest you try one of these games Mega Moolah, Hall of Gods, Major Millions, Mega Fortune and The Dark Knight. You can find other casino games like roulette, blackjack or craps, just to name some. The good news is that there is a good number of live dealer games that you can play whenever you want.
There are somewhere 10 different baccarat games that you can play at Royal Panda from Evolution Gaming. The minimum bet starts from $1 and goes as high as $15.000. Some of the games you can find include Baccarat Control Squeeze, No Commission Baccarat, and Dragon Tiger.
There is only one game of craps available at Royal Panda and it comes from Microgaming. The game starts with detailed instructions displayed when you load the game, which is very helpful especially if you are a beginner. You can also try playing the game in fun mode to see what it is all about.
At Royal Panda you can play around 20 progressive jackpot games. What is more, you'll find some of the biggest names and prizes in the industry. Some of the most popular games include Mega Moolah, Divine Fortune and Hall of Gods.
And here is a list of all the games you can find here:
Slots O' Gold
Irish Riches
Super Spinner Bar-X
Vikings of Fortune
CashSplash 5 Reel
LotsALoot 5 Reel
Wow Pot
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The Museum of Partisan Glory is an underground museum in Ukraine. It was established in 1969 in the village of Nerubayske in Odessa region. It was built in an abandoned mine that was used in the construction of Odessa. The catacombs are located at a depth of 12–14 meters. During the Great Patriotic War the catacombs in the village hosted one of the largest guerrilla units in the region. For several centuries coquina was quarried here for the construction of Odessa.
The Museum is a monument of the partisan movement in the Odessa region and, in particular, the soldiers of the detachment of the Hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Molodtsova-Badaeva. Within six months, a 70-person detachment was active in sabotage and intelligence work. Most of them died. Badaevtsev camp is located two kilometers from the main entrance to the catacombs that were flooded by groundwater. However, enthusiasts club researched archival documents and eyewitnesses and restored its original appearance.
^ a b "Museum of Partisan Glory (catacombs)". odessatourism.org. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
^ a b c "Museum of Partisan Glory". catacombs.od.ua. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
This article about a museum in Ukraine is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
This page was last edited on 4 February 2018, at 15:54 (UTC).


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Intercultural Youth
Africa Centre Ireland
Mirroring Africa in Ireland
Africa Centre is an Irish national non-governmental and voluntary organisation with its head office based in Dublin. The organisation is focusing on four main areas: facilitating community dialogue and participation for the effective integration of African diaspora, promoting the inclusion of multiple African perspectives in development education discourse, working with African diaspora organisations and individuals on development projects in African countries and informing and influencing policy.
To reach out to the developing African immigrant community in Ireland and to promote their participation in society.
To engage in…
A just, tolerant and inclusive society that recognizes and values the mutual benefits of inclusion and participation. We are conscious of our global interconnectedness.
Our mission is to facilitate the meaningful inclusion of African people in all social, political and economic aspects of life in Ireland. We strive to promote a balanced and fair….
Our Values are respect and equality, the spirit of `Ubuntu´ – of our connectedness as human beings to one another and a culture that nurtures participation and…
Home Away From Home For Africans In Ireland
Our vision is of a just, tolerant and inclusive society that recognizes and values the mutual benefits of inclusion and participation. We are conscious of our global interconnectedness.
Together, anything is possible
The Africa Also Smiles campaign focuses on the images and messages used in portraying Africa and African diaspora in the developed world. The Africa Centre new Africa Also Smiles poster campaign was re-launched by Her Excellency, Catherine Muigai Mwangi, Former Kenyan Ambassador of Kenya to Ireland at the Irish Aid Volunteering and Information Centre on O'Connell Street on Thursday 10th September 2009. The campaigned has resources by request at education@africacentre.ie .
Africa Tell It Like It Is
Africa Tell It Like It Is, is a campaign launched by Africa Centre development education programme to educate the public on facts from the African continent on resources, minerals and its people than the distorted information about the African continent which are not facts. Resources are available on request from education@africacentre.ie .
International Decade For People of African Descent
In proclaiming this Decade, the international community is recognizing that people of African descent represent a distinct group whose human rights must be promoted and protected. In Ireland, there are over 65,000 people identifying themselves as being of African descent and they need a voice. The African Centre with its member organisations are advocating the voice for these people and we are leading the campaign on the recognition of the International Decade for People of African Descent in Ireland.
15.8.18. Dublin. Africa Centre launches voter registration campaign for 2019 elections. Photo by Derek Speirs
The Africa Centre Civic Participation project is the first ethnic minority organisations that engaged in political education in Ireland before the 2004 citizenship referendum and subsequent local and national elections. The organisation on its own and in partnership with other NGOs have launch series of campaigns to educate migrants on the Irish political system. The Africa Centre Voter Education and Mobilization campaign slogan "Your Vote is Your Voice" generated lots of interest in 2006 and in 2007, the centre… Read more
African Diaspora Integration and Participation
The African diaspora integration and development is important for the development of their countries of origin and descent, through remittances, but also, importantly, through promotion of trade, investments, research, innovation and knowledge and technology transfers. The African Union regards the African Diaspora as the sixth region of Africa.
Afrophobia, Discrimination and Racism
In Ireland people of African descent are experiencing widespread racism and discrimination across in all areas of life, including employment, education, policing and the criminal justice system. Recognising and addressing Afrophobia as a specific form of racism that affects people of African descent and Black people in Ireland is a great concern for the Africa Centre and we felt it is our responsibility to engage authorities on this and they listen and work with us as no one can represent us, we can do it ourselves.
Africa Centre Acknowledges the Financial Support From:
Africa Centre Is Signatory Of


"Dress by Stylenanda, Soft-touch jersey, Sheer mesh overlay, Crew neck, Varsity style print, Oversized fit - falls generously over the body, Machine wash, 100% Cotton, Our model wears a UK S/EU S/US S and is 179cm/5'10.5" tall. Korean blogshop turned brand Stylenanda lives up to its self-assured translation 'I am style' with a fashion-forward collection. Expect denim, jersey and co-ords in cool oversized cuts and longline styles."


We know that your business is defined by your industry. We bring industry-specific knowledge and experience to every client we help. NLI International provides integrated logistics solutions for some of North American's largest manufactures, and distributors and retailers of furniture appliances and electronics. Explore how our solutions can address your business needs.
NLI International continues to develop best practices using a true partnering process with our client/partners. Our logistics expertise continues to develop best practices using a true partnering process with our client / partners in all areas of the transportation industry from overseas origin to coast to coast "Canadian" destination puts us first in our industry today.


ASIA - In recent years, one packaging solution touted as a 'sustainable' option that has been emerging in Asia is Bioplastics and biodegradable and/or compostable packaging. But what exactly are Bioplastics, and what does it mean when a company says its products are biodegradable and/or compostable?
In the first of a special editorial series 'Bioplastics 101', we get down to basics and examine what bioplastics really are, and how you can check on the authenticity of a bioplastic, and try to address the big question: Are bioplastics packaging solutions sustainable?
There are many definitions for bioplastics, but essentially, a bioplastic is a plastic material that is either derived from biological raw materials (known as being biobased), or biodegradable, or both.
As with all sustainability issues, there is some debate over which type of bioplastic is the most sustainable. Generally though, the most sustainable type of bioplastic is the one that is both biobased (sustainable front-of-pipe material source) and biodegradable (environmentally-friendly waste management at end-of-pipe).
Biological raw materials are derived from biomass, such as corn, sugarcane, cassava, vegetable fats and oil, agricultural waste etc. Biomass is renewable, because it is of agricultural/bio-based origin.
It doesn't really matter what the plant source is; what is needed is the sugars from the plant. Through the process of photosynthesis, every plant converts carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere () as it grows, into materials such as lignin, cellulosic, and simple or complex sugars (e.g. starch).
While the manufacturing process for bio-based plastics may differ slightly from one to another manufacturer – mainly in relation to the biomass source - but the science is similar.
For example, NatureWorks LLC produces its PLA bioplastics, branded as 'Ingeo', from dextrose, a sugar derived from the starch in corn that has been grown for many industrial and functional applications. In production, the sugar is converted by microorganisms through fermentation into lactic acid. The lactic acid molecules then combine to first form lactide rings, which link up to form long chains of polylactide polymer (PLA) – this process is known as polymerization.
The Ingeo bioplastic pellets are converted into a wide range of commercial products, including fibers, rigid and flexible packaging, and durable products.
What does it mean when we say a bioplastic is biodegradable?


Short description Northern Diver ring system complete kit.
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Short description: Northern Diver ring system complete kit.


Holy Week has long been a sacred space to prepare our hearts for Good Friday and Easter during the week leading up to Easter Sunday. Every night, we'll gather with as a family to worship, pray, intercede, and engage in the beauty and power of Jesus through the cross!
You can come one night or every night as we journey through the healing, saving power of Jesus!


You'll need to let us know what organizations and content will be involved in your multiple resolution project and we'll adjust permissions as needed.
If you are implementing multiple resolution without a secondary depositor or intend to supply the secondary URLs yourself, you can skip this step - you are by default enabled to register multiple resolution URLs for your own content.
Multiple resolution typically involves two (or more) members involved in a co-hosting agreement. For the purposes of multiple resolution, the primary depositor is the member responsible for the prefix of the multiple resolution content being registered. The secondary depositor has been authorized by the content owner to also host content and assign additional URLs (called 'secondary URLs') to DOIs. We'll always defer to the primary depositor's instructions regarding changes to a metadata record including all assigned URLs.
The primary depositor must notify us of the intention to implement multiple resolution for their metadata records, as well as all titles and/or prefixes involved. The secondary depositor may coordinate multiple resolution activity with permission from the primary depositor.
Primary depositors can create metadata records and deposit primary and secondary URLs. Secondary depositors may only register secondary URLs for existing records. The secondary depositor will be assigned a new system account to be used for multiple resolution deposits only.
When multiple URLs are registered for your content your links will resolve to an interim page. We host the page but encourage you to provide a custom template. If you do not provide a template your content will resolve to a plain but functional default page.
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Marked-up examples are available in our technical documentation. When your interim template is ready, send it to us and we'll check it in. Be sure to include all image and .css files as well as your HTML template.
You must enable each metadata record for multiple resolution by sending us an 'unlock' flag for each DOI. This can be included in your content registration files or sent separately as a resource deposit. Examples and instructions are available in our technical documentation.
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Examples and submission instructions are available in our technical documentation.
Need more information? Read our Multiple Resolution FAQ or contact our support team.


The Huffington Post article, entitled "Why Generation Y Yuppies are Unhappy", which is certainly worth a read, irked me in a way that took a couple of days to figure out. If you haven't read it, do so now, because there is a ton of food-for-thought within. It has done the rounds, and seems to have grabbed the attention of us Generation Y'ers.
The article paints the picture of a disillusioned Generation Y Lucy, who has, essentially due to the environment she grew up in, developed an unjustified sense of self-importance and uniqueness, and has expectations for her life that are beyond reasonable. This is, on the whole, a fair concept and most likely applies to a large enough portion of Gen-Y to warrant an article like this.
Two things, in particular, struck me from this article - firstly, it served as a reminder that 90% of Gen-Y are concerned with their own 'unicorn-on-top-of-the-lush-grass', and that their sense of self-worth and success are dependent on outward (predominantly materialistic) success... but that is another blog post in the making. I'd rather discuss the second highlight - that we aren't as unique as we think we are. In this, I fully agree with HuffPost.
Until we actually take the steps to separate ourselves from the pack, we are merely another head in the herd, moving in the general direction that our path takes us. In our quest for Mindfulness, we are quite literally trying to be instruments of a better world. Catalysts for positive change. Is anything achieved by saying this? Of course not - it only applies when we take these philosophies into the real world, practice them daily, perfect them. We speak of being more absorbent of negativity, more resilient, more focused and simply more present in each aspect of our lives. Unlike our outward circumstance, occupation, family and so on, these are things that we can actually control to a large extent. While all of life is dependent on many factors, the way we conduct ourselves is by far our greatest sphere of influence.
Being the best version of ourselves is what we owe to ourselves, whether that be in a Steve Jobs-like CEO position, fireman, teacher, student or advocate. I believe that we all have the power to be completely special, unique and dynamic within any role in society, not just as the world-beaters that the HuffPost assumes Gen-Y'ers are constantly aiming to be, yet failing to become. Simple choices,enabling us to be more mindful of our desires and actions, can make us twice the person with twice the impact we usually have. The HuffPost article speaks of expectations and happiness, and they really have something there.
Expectations and comparisons are always tearing us from the present moment - stripping us of the joy that we could be experiencing, blinding us to the opportunities that present themselves and stealing our energy that should be used in present moment tasks. This applies not only to moment-to-moment interactions, but also to the general life feeling that we carry around with us day to day. Too much attention on our future, or our past, and we are unhappy either way - always hoping for something more or wishing something had been different.
Personally, I believe a life lived only to lay in lush grass with flowers and unicorns is missing an element of human compassion and understanding. I think that this expectation is flawed form the start, as Gen-Y'ers have no excuse for ignorance, no let-off for extravagance. Moving through this world mindfully means acknowledging the pain and suffering of those around you, and acknowledging where you tend to brush it aside. Many of the articles on success and 'bettering oneself' appear to merely be focused on the garnering of material comfort, and not necessarily on the impact one might have on society.
This is by no means a memo against ambition - merely a reminder that happiness should come from more than just your surroundings and situations. It should come from a sense of purpose and strength that you carry with you, inside of you. We can all plan and aim for great things - indeed, things greater than the world has yet known - but to really enjoy the benefits of the life that we currently lead, we need to set our eyes on the now and put our hearts into what we do. Doing one or two things for the benefit of others alone wouldn't hurt either!
Mindful practice of positive characteristics, in each and every circumstance, is the key to present-moment happiness and is a sure-fire way to separate yourself from the pack. While the rest will be eyeballing each-other's Facebook profiles, comparing lives and living in a faint shadow of their expectations, you will be content in your reality, building the path forward piece by piece while being a light of compassion and joy for all those around you.
Plan for the future, live in the now and separate yourself from the norm in all that you do. You'll feel as unique and special as you are meant to feel in no time! And it will be because of YOU, not what happens around you.


THE event held in Feakle on Tuesday was deemed "an outstanding success" by Councillor Pat Hayes, who chaired the health conference.
"It was an emotional day for a lot of people. It showed a very positive image of the community in organising such a wonderful event. The combination of both excellent speakers and the Irish set-dancing demonstrations were fantastic. There was a real international feel to the day. We were blessed to have the Italian delegation of over 30 people, members of the Black Sheep set-dancing group, who are a group of patients from Venice hospital. The Voices of Hope Choir came here from Dublin and it gave a real mix of music, song and dance," he said.
The findings of an international pilot study, spearheaded by Italian neurologist Dr Daniele Volpe, offer hope for a better quality of life for PD sufferers and this hope was captured and embraced at the conference.
"It was heart-warming to see patients coming from all over the world and country to the event. It was the first time in a long time for some people who hadn't been out of their houses. People feel isolated when they get an illness like Parkinson's and this gave them a social outlet. To see them out doing workshops and at the céilí was wonderful.
"Mags Mulraney from Move4Parkinson's spoke as well and she outlined there are at least 12,000 people in Ireland with Parkinson's and there is a number of others who don't even speak about it. When you take that combined with the families affected by it, you have 70-80,000 people affected by the disease, the equivalent of the population of Galway City," Councillor Hayes commented.
He said the conference has put the spotlight on the disease and treatment of it.
"Hopefully, it will foster a new spirit of well-being in terms of set dancing, giving hope to people and to improve quality of life for Parkinson's patients. It was a huge boost economically and to put the spotlight on East Clare," he concluded.
Breda Collins, health conference manager, said the atmosphere was very energetic and the feedback was very positive in the wake of the event.
"We were so delighted with the community spirit and the volunteers that helped make it such a success. We had huge support from the community. The lectures were so informative and the feedback we got from people with Parkinson's was that this was inspiring, this was changing their outlook.
"A lot of people came to me afterwards and said 'I was feeling quite negative and upset about my condition but now I have a different focus' and 'I'm leaving here today with new energy and I'm definitely going to follow up and learn this set dancing'.
"I think people were delighted with the opportunity to try it in the workshops and to see the demonstrations of the set dancers from Italy and UL. I think it made a difference having the combination of the lectures and the workshops. A lot of them went on to the céilí, where they were practising again," she said.
Ms Collins said the conference was "a wonderful success" and revealed that the Parkinson's Association of Ireland, who attended the conference, are going to seek funding so they can running set-dancing classes for all of their members throughout Ireland.
"From my point of view, as an occupational therapist, we always believe that activity is good for you. It's good for your quality of life and health and it is lovely to see how the neurologists and other therapists are taking recreational and leisure activities and showing how it can help you in your day-to-day living, with things such as your mobility," she concluded.


Christians, while fun and loving, can present many challenges. Proper training is the key to a happy and healthy Christian.
There are two commands that every Christian should learn.
Down – This command is often difficult for Christians to learn because of its submissive posture.
Leave It – This command is vital, though many trainers neglect it. Do not shy away from it, as it can safely remove your Christian from a fight they clearly can't win.
It's important to keep your Christian from becoming isolated, which often leads to aggressive behaviors. Expose your Christian to diverse people and experiences as soon as possible. If you delay socialization, it can lead to an easily frightened and startled Christian when they encounter these situations at a later time. Their fear may lead them to react by growling and even biting.
Start your Christian off with easily digested nutrients. Slowly work your way up to foods that take a little more effort to chew. Your Christian may resist the change, but keeping them on a liquid diet will lead to malnutrition.
Christians instinctively mark their territory. Do not be surprised when this happens.
If may be tempting to smack your misbehaving Christian on the nose with a rolled up newspaper, but this is not effective. Instead, give a clear and firm, "No." Attempt to redirect your Christian toward a more positive activity. If your Christian persists, repeat "no" until he stops. Reward him with praise when he gives up the negative behavior.
While most people flock to cuter, newer Christians, others prefer the company of more mature Christians. This can be both rewarding and challenging.
A properly trained mature Christian can be a delightful companion, bringing warmth and love into your life. Many people appreciate their more patient pace when compared to less mature Christians, who are prone to jumping on people.
However, a poorly trained mature Christian presents a real challenge. It can be difficult, if not impossible, to break any bad habits they may have picked up. If you choose a mature Christian who hasn't been properly training, know that you can still receive plenty of love and affection from them.
Taking on a Christian is a serious responsibility. You should not take on the challenge unless you are prepared to fully dedicate yourself. Christians all over the world are abandoned every year. If it's absolutely necessary, you can find your Christian another safe home, but never abandon your Christian. This only contributes to packs of wild Christians roaming through cities and neighborhoods.


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Report: Stephen Ross would be 'tempted' to hire Jim Harbaugh if he were to leave Michigan
Raekwon Davis discloses which Miami Dolphins defender has improved the most this season
Duke Johnson expresses strong desire to stay with Miami Dolphins: 'It's home'
Here are 6 'solid-to-very good' free-agency options for Miami Dolphins at left tackle
Tua Tagovailoa reveals whether or not he's worried about the Miami Dolphins possibly trading for a QB
Brian Flores says it's 'too early' to give a 'definitive answer' regarding the best position for Liam Eichenberg
Here's exactly what Jaylen Waddle needs to do in Week 18 in order to set a new NFL record
Miami Dolphins coach offers an interesting response on if Austin Jackson can be a good NFL guard
Eric Rowe says the Miami Dolphins 'clicked' too late to make the playoffs
Report: Miami Dolphins announce inactives for Week 17 contest vs. Tennessee Titans
Home / Rumors / Report: Stephen Ross would be 'tempted' to hire Jim Harbaugh if he were to leave Michigan
A new report indicates that the Miami Dolphins might be interested in hiring current University of Michigan head coach Jim Harbaugh if the chance presents itself.
Jason La Canfora of CBS Sports pointed out that Harbaugh is "drawing interest" from several NFL teams.
"University of Michigan coach Jim Harbaugh is drawing interest from several NFL teams, and while some close to him maintain he will not leave Ann Arbor, he will not have difficulty getting an audience with owners should the right opportunity arise," La Canfora wrote.
One of the chief reasons why the Dolphins might be a candidate to hire Harbaugh, according to La Canfora, is team owner Stephen Ross. He is reportedly a "huge" fan of Harbaugh.
"Harbaugh also has a huge fan in Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross, who is also a Michigan alumnus and one of the school's biggest boosters," La Canfora wrote. "His belief in Harbaugh is well known, he has wanted to hire him in the past, and if Harbaugh did leave Ann Arbor, league sources indicated he would be tempted to lure the former quarterback as well. Numerous league sources said Harbaugh's name came up within the Dolphins organization midseason when the team was enduring a seven-game losing streak, and although it rallied to win seven in a row, the team was pummeled by the [Tennessee] Titans last week to end any playoff hope.
"Ross has long coveted Harbaugh and, at this stage of his life with a succession plan for ownership already in place, passing on Harbaugh might be difficult."
Harbaugh has past experience as an NFL head coach, serving in that role with the San Francisco 49ers in the early 2010s. During that time, he compiled a record of 44-19-1 and led the 49ers to an NFC championship in his second season.
From there, Harbaugh moved on to coach at the University of Michigan. In seven seasons there, he has a record of 61-24 and led his team this season to a berth in the College Football Playoff.
The current Dolphins head coach, Brian Flores, has made efforts to rebuild the franchise over the past three seasons, putting together a 23-25 overall record during that span. On Sunday, the team will close out its season after coming up short for a playoff bid.
Flores doesn't appear to be in danger of losing his job right now, though that could perhaps change if Harbaugh does decide to again consider the NFL. The fact that Ross is apparently a big fan of Harbaugh may be somewhat unsettling to Flores.
brian floresFeaturedjim harbaughMiami DolphinsNews TickerStephen Ross
← Previous Story Report: Miami Dolphins wanted to see how 2021 season went before offering deal to Emmanuel Ogbah
A new report indicates that the Miami Dolphins might be interested in hiring current University of Michigan head coach...
Report: Miami Dolphins wanted to see how 2021 season went before offering deal to Emmanuel Ogbah


text:
Prasophyllum fitzgeraldii är en orkidéart som beskrevs av Richard Sanders Rogers och Joseph Henry Maiden. Prasophyllum fitzgeraldii ingår i släktet Prasophyllum och familjen orkidéer.

Artens utbredningsområde är Sydaustralien. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Orkidéer
fitzgeraldii


text:
require 'twilio-ruby'

# Get your Account SID, Auth Token, Service SID and Channel SID
# from twilio.com/console
account_sid = 'ACXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'
auth_token = 'your_auth_token'
service_sid = 'ISXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'
channel_sid = 'CHXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'
message_sid = 'IMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'
@client = Twilio::REST::Client.new(account_sid, auth_token)

# Delete the message
service = @client.chat.v2.services(service_sid)
channel = service.channels(channel_sid)
response = channel.messages(message_sid).delete
puts response

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text: Rails.application.config.session_store :cookie_store, key: '_examples_session'


Rated 83 / 100 based on 106 customer reviews.
The quality of service and hospitality at San Diego Suites Ipatinga has been identified as outstanding based on consistently high customer review ratings.
San Diego Suites Ipatinga has achieved a score of 83 / 100 based on 106 customer reviews and has therefore qualified to receive an Outstanding Service Award from Go Hotels.
Set off the 381 highway in a modern glass-and-steel building, this polished all-suite hotel is 7 km from downtown Ipatinga and 9 km from the Estádio Louis Ensch football stadium.
The sophisticated suites feature living rooms, kitchens and balconies, plus cable TV and free Wi-Fi. Upgraded suites add whirlpool tubs. Room service is available.
A free breakfast buffet and parking are provided. There's also an international restaurant, an outdoor pool, a fitness room and a hammam, as well as tennis and squash courts.


text:
Audio: Saddleback buyer reportedly won't 'lose any sleep' if resort doesn't reopen
In an audio recording sent to News Center Maine purported to be of Sebastian Monsour, the Australian developer tells his staff that the EB-5 visa program for foreign investors is the main objective of his deal to buy the resort.
News Center Maine Report
Sebastian Monsour, CEO of the Majella Group, is interviewed at Saddleback Mountain on June 28, 2017, after the announcement that his company would buy the ski area from Bill and Irene Berry. The sale still has not been completed. Staff photo by David Leaming
RANGELEY — The Australian developer who has entered into an agreement to buy Saddleback Mountain has reportedly told members of his staff that opening the mountain is not a primary goal for his company and the EB-5 visa program that gives foreign investors permanent residency is the reason his company is buying the idle ski resort, according to News Center Maine.
That's according to a purported audio recording of Sebastian Monsour sent to News Center Maine by a former employee of the Majella Group of Brisbane, Australia.
Australian developer agrees to buy Saddleback ski resort
"The EB-5 program is the reason we are actually buying Saddleback," Monsour tells the group at a meeting in September 2017. "The mountain and opening the mountain is something we would like to achieve, but if we don't, we are not going to lose any sleep with regards to it."
Monsour had promised change after three ski seasons of idle lifts and decreased tourism in Rangeley. On June 28, at a news conference to announce his company's intent to buy the idle ski resort, he told the crowd that he planned to make Saddleback Mountain "the premier ski resort in North America."
The EB-5 is the government's immigration investor program that lets foreign investors get permanent residency in the United States. In rural areas like Rangeley, if you invest at least $500,000 in a business that creates 10 U.S. jobs, you and your family become eligible for green cards.
Other investors can chip in, too – with the same guidelines – a $500,000 investment and 10 more jobs – and they and their families are eligible for green cards as well.
If a tick bites you in Maine, collect it and send it for testing
Browse more in Business
Maine Commercial Real Estate


As a history buff, I love being able to visit exhibits where I can be taken back in time to see how people lived. It is also amazing to see how people traveled short and long distances without the aid of an engine. This is why I was excited to take in Horse Power: The Paul Bienvenu Carriage Collection at The Canadian Museum of History . This exhibit will be showing from March 23, 2016, to January 7, 2018, for visitors to view and make it a mane part of their visit!
Paul Bienvenu has been collecting horse-drawn vehicles that have been made or used in Quebec for over 50 years. Bienvenu has extensive experience in the world of Canadian horses, and it has allowed him to gain an in-depth knowledge in this area of collecting. He has traveled all over Quebec and North America to cultivate his collection.
Developed by the Musée de la civilisation in Québec City, Horse Power is a collection of 18 of the 213+ horse-drawn vehicles Bienvenu has in his collection that illustrates what land transportation was like in Québec spanning a period of almost 200 years, from 1770 to 1950. These vehicles let visitors take a look back at what land travel was like for those who were able to travel by carriage.
It was such a treat to have been invited to view this exhibit. Some of these carriages helped to bring to life some of the Canadian history and culture I learned about in my studies.
One of my favourite carriages on display is the first one on display within the exhibit. The Park Ride Drag Coach was used in the late 1800s by Rothschild & fils. It was used for country and racetrack outings.
When brought to race meets, the coaches would be grouped together on the infield. Owners and guests would have a bird's eye view of the action while seated on top of the carriage while enjoying the food they brought to feast on in comfort. There is also a second trunk at the back of the coach to hold metal ice boxes to keep food and drinks cool. It is so gorgeous! The craftsmanship can really be seen in the doors, the wheel and the other features found all over this vehicle.
The Three-Seat Phaeton was considered a "station wagon" for the affluent crowd as they were used to carry travelers and their luggage to and from the railway station. It was built by The Ledoux Carriage Co. (Bruno Ledoux) in Montréal, QC in the late 1800s. I like how there are vis-à-vis seats (seats that face each other) so travelers can talk and have fun while beginning or ending their journey. And that it the natural wood is visible.
Carriages were also built to travel through the snowy Québec winters as well! I was able to hear the Christmas carols playing in my head as I viewed this Carriole. It was built by Wilbrod Jacob around 1935.
It was used to carry travelers to events through the snow-covered Richelieu Valley. The details and artwork are visible from front to back on this vehicle. The carvings and the curled runners are gorgeous, and the seats looked so comfortable. I can only imagine how much fun winter revelers had when traveling in this sleigh.
There were also interactive tablets throughout the exhibit to help educate visitors about the various carriages. It was great to be able to learn different bits and pieces about the history of these vehicles.
There was so much to see and learn at Horse Power: The Paul Bienvenu Carriage Collection. It was fascinating to discover all of the different types of carriages used by Canadians and to learn all about the history behind them. It was also amazing to see the craftsmanship put into these vehicles. It was a beautiful exhibit to visit! Plan a visit with your family to take in all that Horse Power has in store!
For more information about Horse Power you can connect with The Canadian Museum of History on their Facebook , Twitter and Instagram pages!
Disclaimer: I received admission to the Canadian Museum of History to view Horse Power: The Paul Bienvenu Carriage Collection exhibit in order to write this review. The views expressed are my own.
Oh! That is so cool! I would love to check that out! Beautiful photos too, by the way!
Thanks, chancesmommy! It really is a great exhibit to visit. Thanks for th nod on the photos as well.
What a fun place to explore, so full of history!
Thanks, Jennifer! The whole museum is pretty fabulous, and #HorsePower is a great exhibit to see a bit of Canadian history and culture up close.
What a fun exhibit! I am picturing winter fun just reading. Thanks very much for sharing. I have to admit, I'm wondering where he stores all the other 200+ carriages.
It is really great, Louise. A whole fashion post could be written on what to wear in carriages such as these. M. Bienvenu must have some sort of large and climatized facility to house all of these lovely historic vehicles.
What a cool exhibit! I bet there was so much to learn and see. Beautiful pictures!


text:
New York International Auto Show (NYIAS)
Auto Show Coverage
New York Auto Show: This Is The 2014 Jeep Cherokee: Comments
By William Maley, February 23, 2013 in New York International Auto Show (NYIAS)
By William Maley
Automakers do their best to keep a new vehicle under wraps until the time comes when they can show it off to everyone on their terms. Any spy shot and leak could disrupt their plans.
For example, Jalopnik this morning reportedly had the shots and the name of the 2014 Jeep replacement for the Liberty, the Cherokee. The shots taken in a factory were somewhat blurry but gave us a look of what was supposedly the new unique shape of the Cherokee. Well Jeep has gone ahead and released some pictures and confirmed the name of Cherokee tonight.
There are only a handful shots released and all show the new nose with its crimped nose and split headlights, and polarizing profile of the new Cherokee. Jeep also announced the new Cherokee would premiere at New York Auto Show in March and go on sale in the third-quarter.
Other than those pieces of information, the rest is unknown. We've been hearing the new Cherokee is based on Fiat's CUSW platform, use a 3.2L V6 and a four-cylinder, and will come with the choice of front or all-wheel drive.
We'll have more information on the Cherokee when it makes its debut at the New York later in March. In the meantime, what are you thoughts on the new Cherokee.
Source: Chrysler
Album: 2014 Jeep Cherokee
William Maley is a staff writer for Cheers & Gears. He can be reached at william.maley@cheersandgears.comor you can follow him on twitter at @realmudmonster.
Press Release is on Page 2
Auburn Hills, Mich. - Jeep® Cherokee. The name is instantly recognizable as the most capable and versatile mid-size SUV in the world. For 2014, Jeep brings the Cherokee name back to North America with the debut of its all-new mid-size sport-utility vehicle.
Set to debut at the New York International Auto Show in March, the all-new, "no-compromise" 2014 Jeep Cherokee sets a new standard with even more best-in-class capability, exemplary on-road driving dynamics, and fuel economy improvements of more than 45 percent versus the outgoing mid-size SUV model.
The all-new 2014 Jeep Cherokee will be built in the United States at Chrysler Group's Toledo Assembly Plant in Toledo, Ohio, and will arrive in dealer showrooms in the third quarter of this year.
balthazar 7,884 3 Vehicles
balthazar 7,884
Yoda of Vintage cars
That's not really intended for production, is it?
Intrepidation 913
You're either perfect or you're not me.
Location:Athol, MA
GMTruckGuy74 229
Location:New Jersey (southern)
The silver one shown earlier was God-awful looking to me, but in the dark blue color I'm willing to give it a chance until I see it in person in NYC soon.
ocnblu 2,563 6 Vehicles
ocnblu 2,563
C&G's Boldest Member
Location:Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Interests:vehicles, camping, beachcombing, hiking...
Jeep, stop Juking my heart around.
It is completely, jarringly new and therefore shocking as hell.
regfootball 1,105
And the bastardization begins.
Cherokee name is surprising too.
I don't get the contemporary house things as a background. Pretty lame, I don't think people who read 'Dwell' are Jeepers.
Robert Hall 5,584 4 Vehicles
Robert Hall 5,584
Cubicleless cube dweller
Location:Cleveland, Ohio area
Interests:food, travel, terriers, motorsport, movies, music, computing
I think they are going after the Evoque at a lower price point... what's weird is the juxtaposition w/ the Cherokee name, which has a history of being non-trendy and serious w/ off road skills..
Edited February 23, 2013 by Cubical-aka-Moltar
well, everything is so politically sensitive these days, i don't see how they can use the name cherokee and not upset the ------. Gedney stopped calling their little dill pickles midgets because some mom went on an offensive about how it was offensive because she has i guess a midget child.
PONTIAC06 22
OSV Member
Location:New Whiteland, IN
It looks better than the production line shots, but I will have to see it in real life...the headlights don't bother me too much, but the pointy noise and what they did with the kink in the grille is upsetting...I guess I'll just have to wait and see, but I hope it really is trail rated, and deserving of the badge.
I don't mind the grille treatment, but the lighting...are the middle lights the headlights and the top ones parking lights? It's very strange..
smk4565 1,118
Too Much Time Member
Location:Pittsburgh
It's worse than the Aztek, and I think it actually hurts the Grand Cherokee.
FAPTurbo 1,316
better than u
I think this will be the best looking vehicle in their stable. They've given it a very modern appearance while not copying the same mistakes they made with the Compass.
They're going to sell these by the truckload.
i don't mind the upper headlight, but the lower ones should be larger.
conspiracy theory, the 'leak' was intentional, due to the shock value of the new look, it gives people more time to get used to it and discuss it and become comfortable with it before show time.
maybe they will need their own launch party!!
i wonder if it will have more than 185hp!! they would need a new sign!!!!
pow 106
It's polarizing for sure, but all things considered, I think that's a good thing. This small Jeep is making a design statement. The interior and rear 3/4 look promising.
Reworking the front corners to use normal light clusters like the Compass would vastly improve the design, IMO.
ZL-1 160
Location:Lisbon, Portugal
It's... Hmmm... Different...
Polarizing as a Love Hate relationship would be and just could end up being a smash hit.
I asked my son who bought a 2012 Liberty and he said he would pass as it does not have the traditional Jeep look that he loves and why he got the Liberty, yet his girl friend said she loves it and always thought Alex's Liberty was old looking.
Again, this is the Y generation, both 25 years old, so I think they will be successful but to the youth martket more than the older market.
Mr. dfelt, what happened to the black Patriot?
I bet the 4-cylinder version has even less than 185 hp, but maybe it will make 185 and they can keep the sign and get Sam and Kate to do the commercials.
My Bad, he still has the Black Patriot, I always get it mixed up with the Liberty as his is the Patriot Latitude edition. Always get confused with them having the Compass/Patriot twins and I see in their advertising here this morning that they are having the compass start 4 grand more than the Patriot. Seems they are pushing the compass as a higher level CUV.
My daughter who is 29 told me last night in looking over the Jeep Cherokee that she finds it totally ugly and her friends she showed it to all agreed. One of her male friends said it does not have the Mojo of the Original Cherokee and he would rather have the current Liberty over this monster.
Another anecdotal observation...I showed the pics to my sister who used to own a Liberty and likes my GC...she thought it was ugly.
Q4 2019: Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
FCA US LLC Sales Summary Q4 2019
Q4 Sales
Vol %
CYTD Sales
Curr Yr Pr Yr Change
Compass Patriot Wrangler Gladiator Cherokee
JEEP BRAND
33,263 38,493 -14%
52,012 49,081 6%
16,663 0 New
57,929 58,255 -1%
221,536 227,033 -2%
143,934 171,167 -16%
27 621 -96%
242,969 224,908 8%
Ram P/U ProMaster Van ProMaster City
2,968 4,301 -31%
633,694 536,980 18%
56,409 46,600 21%
CHRYSLER BRAND
5,520 12,038 -54%
48 1,043 -95%
5 6 -17%
97,705 118,322 -17%
Dart Avenger Charger Challenger Viper Journey Caravan Durango
DODGE BRAND
0 0 100%
0 4 -100%
500X Spider
FIAT BRAND
699 1,653 -58%
166 182 -9%
430 600 -28%
Giulia Alfa 4C Stelvio
17 55 -69%
FCA US LLC
2,203,663 2,235,204 -1%
Jeep To Show Trio of PHEVs at CES :Comments
Jeep will be bringing a trio of plug-in hybrid variants with them to the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this month, and along with them, a new badge. The Jeep Wrangler, Compass, and Renegade will debut in North America wearing a new 4xe badge that will denote their plug-in status. The SUV's are scheduled for their official debut in New York and Geneva later this year.
Jeep intends to have some form of electrified driving available in its entire lineup by 2022, but it could be in the form of a mild-hybrid eTorque system. At the moment, Jeep says that all electrified vehicles will carry the new 4xe but it is unclear if that really includes the eTorque models or not.
We've previously seen Compass and Renegade Plug-In hybrids at the Geneva Auto Show in 2019. In those, the engine is a 1.3-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder producing 177 hp and 200 lb.-ft of torque on its own. On the Renegade, there are power variants that add additional electric motivation to bring total output to either 190 hp or 240 hp. The only choice on the Compass is the 240 hp version. The PHEVs have eAWD, where the rear wheels are powered electrically only and there is no prop shaft from the gasoline engine. FCA claims the PHEVs can travel up to 31 miles in electric only mode and reach a top speed of 81 mph before the gasoline engine kicks in to help.
We will have more details on the Renegade, Compass, and Wrangler Plug-In hybrids coming soon.
Jeep To Show Trio of PHEVs at CES
FCA 2020 Airflow Vision Concept :Comments
Fiat Chrysler is bringing a slew of concepts to the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas that all feature some sort of electrification.
The centerpiece of their display will be the 2020 Airflow Vision concept. While not specifically branded as a Chrysler, the Airflow Vision does take the name of a full-size Chrysler model produced from 1934 - 1937. FCA calls it a "sculptural design concept" that envisions the next generation of premium transportation. The interior user experience is designed to be captivating. FCA put a lot of work into showing a sophisticated appearance that can be personalized and customized to individual needs.
The cabin offers multiple interfaces, one behind the steering wheel, two on the center console, one for the front passenger, and two more for the rear passengers. Information can be shared between the screens by swiping. The interior is said to be the same size as the Chrysler Pacifica Plug-in and has a flat load floor. In spite of all that room, it only has 4 seats set up in a lounge chair fashion to maximize legroom, shoulder room, and storage space for each passenger. Premium suedes and leathers, along with ambient lighting make the ride a first-class experience.
The exterior of the Airflow Vision has an aggressive stance with bodywork reaching almost to the ground. The wheels hint at the use of electric motors, but no powertrain information was provided.
FCA 2020 Airflow Vision Concept


On the 15/9/18 we had lots of fun at the pool trying out the new Sit on Top Kayak, a Orange and Red Islander Hula.
We proved how the sit on top could be used as a single kayak, a double kayak and a kayak for three people providing they are quite small.
Great fun was had by everyone, so please come along to try it out yourself.


text:
Q: Function with two conditions I need a function that fulfills these two conditions:
$$
y'(0) = 1
$$
$$
\lim_{x\to\infty} y(x) = 70
$$
This results in a function that has two tangents: $y=x$ (blue) and $y=70$ (purple)
I have already figured out one function that fulfills both conditions: $y=\frac{70x}{x+70}$ (red)

The problem is that this function is too "slow" for my application. Is there any preferably simple equation that keeps the function's starting slope near 1 for a longer time so it "reaches" its limit (70) quicker? I made a quick drawing of what I mean:

The function will never receive negative $x$ values, so the part left of the y-axis doesn't matter. The function should never cross any of its tangents.

A: Have you considered the arctangent function?  We can create a function in the form $$f(x)=a\arctan k(x-c)+d$$ which has a horizontal asymptote at $y=\dfrac{a\pi}{2}+d$.
Its derivative is $$f'(x)=\frac{ak}{1+[k(x-c)]^2}\implies f'(0)=\frac{ak}{1+k^2c^2}=1.$$
Solve for the appropriate parameters that you like.

A: How about
$$  f(x) = \frac{70 \frac{1}{k} ((x+1)^k - 1)}{\frac{1}{k} ((x+1)^k - 1) + 70}  \text{?}  $$
Then
$$  f'(x) = \frac{4900 k^2 (x+1)^{k-1}}{\left((x+1)^k+70 k-1\right)^2}  \text{,}  $$
so
$$  f'(0) = 1  \text{.}  $$
For example, with $k = 2$:

$k$ need not be an integer.  For example, $k = \pi$.

A: Why don't you use an exponential?
$$f(x) = 70(1-e^{-\frac{x}{70}})$$
Then you would have
$$f'(x) = \frac{70}{70}e^{-x} = e^{-x} $$
And trivially $f'(0) = 1$. Bessides that
$$\lim_{x\to\infty} f(x) = 70\lim_{x\to\infty}(1-e^{-\frac{x}{70}}) =  $$
$$70(1-\lim_{x\to\infty}e^{-\frac{x}{70}}) = 70(1-0) = 70 $$
Above this all, $f$ has an exponential aproximation to the assymptote in $y = 70$

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