I live for travelling, adventures, and riding new places. The allure of riding new trails and expecting the unexpected has become a way of life for me. When I first began planning my trip to Ecuador, I reflected back on my first visit there which was in 2012. I wanted to revisit some of my favourite places, but I was also ready to go further and sink my tires into something new.
This time around, I was lucky enough to be travelling with one of the best guides in the country, my friend Mateo. Mateo is a passionate rider that loves to explore (like me), and always comes up with crazy ideas for the next big ride. He rides super hard and isn't afraid of taking on the big epics.
I've always loved sketching and painting, and my artwork has allowed me to keep the memories from my trips alive long after they're over. From brightly colored paintings to simple pencil drawings, my art is a reflection of what I've seen and experienced along my adventures.
I started my trip from just south of Quito and was in awe of Ecuador's beauty from the minute I stepped off of the plane. The first part of my journey would take me towards Laguna de Quilotoa, a stunning lake that shifts in color as the sun moves across the sky. Mateo and I's were joined by our friend Dani, would join us for the first major ride around the Quilotoa crater rim. The Quilotoa rim trail is both technical and very physically demanding, making it an aggressive way to start off the trip.
Riding at 3900m elevation was slowly wearing us down, and the threatening rainclouds had us worried about overexhaustion and exposure. The clouds were moving quickly, so we dropped in from rim trail and headed towards the town of Chugchilán in the valley far below. Navigating through farm lands and sandy singletrack, it was an amazing experience passing through villages along old roads, and eventually being rewarded with food and shelter.
The terrain in Ecuador is incredible. After Quilotoa, we travelled north from Quito towards the Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve, an area which was very different than what I expected. As we approached the area it appeared like all the other dry mountains nearby, but the reality was it couldn't have been more different. When we finally arrived and dropped into the crater, we were treated to a winding singletrack through an endlessly lush rainforest.
Everywhere we went seemed to hold some sort of historical significance. We were riding deep inside a volcanic crater on ancient trails and learned that we were actually riding through lands that belonged to a pre-Incan culture, the Yungos. The Yungos community used this fertile land as trade leverage during colonialism. In between the land they used for farming, they had developed an intricate network of trails and paths for moving through the area, which were now perfect for mountain biking!
The black sandy trail was surrounded by walls of vegetation, and we were navigating what was one of the most unique trails I'd ever ridden. From weaving through the dank humid rainforest to emerging into a dry dusty desert, the dirt under our tires turned from black to red. Ecuador switched it up on us once again. We had gone from rainforest jungle to a desolate crater-like area that was appropriately nicknamed, "the moon".
From the Pululahua crater we drove south passed Quito and Machachi to the base of Cotopaxi, an active volcano in the Andes. We set up in a mountain hostel for the night hoping for good weather, but this was a story I'd seen unfold before.
Cotopaxi is a very special place to me. When I first came to Ecuador in 2012, I was on a 19-day bikepacking trip and I spent 4 days waiting for the clouds to clear but never actually saw it. I was always drawn to come back but would again strike out on this trip.
The snow was low, but we decided to make the most of it. The soil was incredibly soft, but still ran insanely slightly frozen ground and cold temperatures. The feeling of freedom and happiness from riding these lines surrounded by deep canyons and crazy colors is something I'll never forget.
Mateo and I tried three separate times to approach and ride Chimborazo, and on the last attempt I had one of the best rides of my life. We descended from Condor Lake at 5100m into the low-lying jungle at 700m. From the volcanic rock field and sand slopes, to the high mountain ridge lines and impossibly thick jungle, we had proven once again that Ecuador has some of the most diverse riding on earth.
After two weeks of riding in Ecuador and visiting many of the places I've dreamed of, I once again feel incredibly lucky for getting to travel to ride my bike. Everything from the adventurous riding to the unique culture and passionate people, has made my experience in Ecuador unforgettable. I would like to thank Mateo and his company Ride Equadorfor his help.
Whenever we travel we leave certain expectations in our mind and assume we know how things are going to go, but once your hands are on the bars it's always a little bit different. Once you're there, the only thing that matters is the trail in from of you. This is when you know you're living 100% in the moment.
Previous Tech Videos The RIDE-9™ Adjustment System Enduro World Series mechanic, Jeff Hunter explains how to change the settings on the RIDE-9™ Adjustment System.
Next Feature Passage nord-est Last Fall a group of Rocky Mountain athletes, ambassadors, and friends took a road trip through some of the best riding networks in Quebec and the Northeastern United States.
Last Fall a group of Rocky Mountain athletes, ambassadors, and friends took a road trip through some of the best riding networks in Quebec and the Northeastern United States. We set each of them up with our new Thunderbolt, to ride the style of trails in which the bike was designed for. Built for technical climbs with the ability to power through the rough stuff, the Thunderbolt is a quick, nimble, trail weapon, meant to excel on demanding trails.
It's amazing what you can pack into a long weekend with a solid crew. Our EWS team rider, Peter Ostroski, his sister Sophie, and Rocky Mountain Sales Rep, Sean Rudzinsky, headed north across the Canada-US border to meet up with the Canadians, Christian Gauvin, Kevin Simard, and Ian Hughes. Christian is based out of Bromont and has been a Rocky Mountain athlete for 10 years, Kevin has been with Rocky Mountain for 5 years, and Ian is a coach working for the Centre National de Cyclisme de Bromont (CNCB). Packing up for the weekend, stop one would be at Vallée Bras-du-Nord.
Action, agility, and acute adjustments, the trails in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern United States demand focus and quick corrections. Often overshadowed by the trail lore of the Pacific Northwest and tales of the endless BC backcountry, the east side of our continent doesn't seem to get enough credit. Riddled with technical singletrack and daunting rock moves, it pays to ride with purpose and precision.
When we re-designed the Thunderbolt, we brought the rear travel up to 130mm, increased frame stiffness, and lowered the suspension rate curve. We also added the option of our BC Edition platform, accommodating a longer stroke shock to provide 140mm of rear travel. Both the Thunderbolt and Thunderbolt BC Edition have RIDE-9™ adjustments, giving you control over the geometry and suspension characteristics, so you can be ready for any trail.
Christian charges hard year-round racing fat bikes in a true Canadian winter, racing XC and enduro in the summer, and helping out with demo days and local ride events. He lives in Bromont, right next to the trails. The mountain biking scene is strong here, and with a passionate drive the community has helped move mountain biking forward through volunteerism, fundraising, and commitment.
Rocky Mountain has been working with Vallée Bras-du-Nord since they first began developing mountain bike trails in 2007. The trails are the work of an incredibly unique, at-risk youth program where they work in groups of 10 for nearly 6 months at a time, building and maintaining all the trails in their tenure. The vision is that working in nature can be used as a kind of therapy and connecting youth with the outdoors is a way to help them build skills and self-confidence. The dedicated program managers are building out a network that truly represents the riding in Quebec, with trails that breed creativity. The network here is growing quickly, and for good reason.
Peter Ostroski grew up in New Hampshire, and after a 6-year stint in Alaska, moved back to the Northeast settling in Burke, Vermont. He's been a member of our EWS team since the beginning, starting with a spot on the original Altitude Team alongside teammates, Kevin Soller, and a young Jesse Melamed. But his history with Rocky Mountain doesn't start there. He first rode a Rocky Mountain at 12 years old, hopping aboard an extra-small Instinct that he reflects fondly on calling it, "his dream ride". Peter's known for his ultra-quick precision and solid power on the pedals, both of which he developed as a cross-country racer charging hard on the tech trails out his back door.
The trails of Quebec and Northeast US don't get the same level of exposure as the West Coast of North America, but things seem to be working just fine. The trail centres have developed a unique culture that's helping to shape our sport in a meaningful way, and the riding still offers everything one could want.
Previous Feature Riding in Ecuador with Tito Tomasi Tito Tomasi lives for travelling, adventures, and riding new places.
Next Feature Putting in the time: An interview with Peter Ostroski Peter's been riding and racing on Rocky Mountain's for a really long time. He's worked his way up from a grassroots hookup to representing our brand proudly at the Enduro World Series. He's been a member of our enduro race team since its inception with the "Altitude Team", and has a busy schedule leading into this year.
Peter's been riding and racing for Rocky Mountain for a really long time. He's worked his way up from a grassroots hookup to representing our brand proudly at the Enduro World Series. He's been a member of our North American enduro race team since its inception and isn't slowing down any time soon.
RMB: To start it all off, Peter, where are you from?
PO: I grew up in North Conway, New Hampshire, and stayed there until after I finished University. It was only an hour or so from my hometown. After wrapping up at Plymouth State University I moved up to Girdwood, Alaska for 6 years to ski and ride. Now, I'm back in the Northeast USA living in Burke, Vermont. It's really awesome being so close to the Kingdom Trails, and there's a ton of other great riding nearby.
RMB: What first got you into riding?
PO: I was lucky enough to grow up in a family who loved being on the move and doing things outdoors. My folks introduced me to mountain biking, and at that time North Conway had a fairly strong riding community. My buddies and I were pretty competitive, and we grew up pushing each other, chasing around the older riders, and rode mostly on trails which were way above our heads at the time.
From there I got into XC racing at a state level, which included everything from 24-hour solo missions to competing at the cross-country nationals. Mountain biking has always been a passion of mine when there wasn't snow on the ground. I grew up alpine ski racing and was fortunate enough to compete at the national level and consistently through university. It's always been exciting trying to balance both sports while dealing with the dynamic swing from season to season.
RMB: So how did you go from XC to Enduro?
PO: Throughout my years XC racing, my goal had always been to race a World Cup in Europe - just to see if I could hang at that level. Once I pushed through the local ranks and had gained enough points to race "across the pond", well…it was an eye-opening experience. I realized it wasn't the path for me. My timing was good though, because enduro was gaining momentum in the US and having a new discipline to compete at was interesting to me. I had always trained on aggressive trails for XC racing, riding bikes like the Slayer for most of my rides during my XC racing years. Fortunately, it's that exact kind of riding which I enjoy most, so it was a natural transition for me. I've been a part of the enduro scene for the last 6 years.
RMB: Tell us about your history riding Rocky Mountain Bicycles, it starts long before your enduro racing career.
PO: I've been riding a Rocky Mountain since I was 12 years old and first jumped on a 26" wheeled bike (which was the original Instinct). I think it may have been size XS just to make it work for my size, and it was my absolute dream ride. I owe my introduction to Rocky Mountain to the regional sales rep at the time, Mark Jenks. He took me under his wing, showed me some basic mechanic skills, and helped me with my riding as a coach and mentor. Mark had set me up on a regional sponsorship program, which gave me the opportunity to represent Rocky Mountain as a junior with a sweet bike and riding kit. From there, I was introduced to the US sales manager, John Olden, and worked my way up to some larger races and events on a similar program.
Things really clicked when I was on my way to Utah for a race, and I met two guys from Rocky Mountain's R&D office in North Vancouver. The Product Manager, Ken Perras, and Marketing Manager at the time, Peter Vallance, took me on a ride and gave me the chance to share my background and present some ideas to move the brand forward. It paid off! I was able to make my way on to a more structured program, and a season or two later, Dre Hestler brought me aboard the first enduro team with the new Altitude. The Altitude Team included a young Jesse Melamed, Keven Soller, and myself. We hit a few of the very first EWS races as the Altitude team, and grew into the Rocky Mountain Urge BP team, and now the Rocky Mountain Race Face Enduro team. It's been a crazy journey!
RMB: It sounds like it's been a pretty awesome journey!
PO: Being a part of a strong team with some of the best riders in the world is a special thing. I have learned so much about bike racing over the last 5 years. It's so important to have teammates that you can trust at the races to talk about the tracks, bounce ideas off of, and keep the energy high. Having the support of the EWS team has been great, and it's allowed me to bring experience, stories and knowledge back to the regional and national races in the US.
RMB: What do you do in the winter? Tell us about that?
PO: Winter's always been about skiing! I mentioned I grew up as an alpine ski racer, and then raced at the national level in university. Now, I'm a ski coach, and I keep the passion alive through my career and continued involvement in the sport. This is what led me, besides the amazing skiing, up to Alaska 7 years ago. I began working at a junior program at Alyeska Resort, and it evolved into somewhat of a full-time gig. As with many things in life, it's a balance. I try to give the athletes I coach the best opportunity to reach their potential, while striving to accomplish my own goals as an athlete.
RMB: Do you coach year-round?
PO: I coach skiing mostly in the winter, but there are a handful of summer ski camps I'm involved with. Right now, I'm working at Burke Mtn Academy in Vermont, which is a ski academy that has produced numerous Olympians and successful alpine racers over the past 48 years. It's been really working at the school that was the first sports academy in North America. My job is somewhat seasonal, which gives me more time to dedicate effort towards both my biking and skiing career, keeping my life dynamic and fun.
RMB: What does your schedule look like for the year?
PO: For the upcoming season I plan to race a few EWS events (Austria, Whistler, Spain and Italy), a handful of Eastern States events, Trans-BC, and the Continental EWS races in North America. The goal is always to podium at national level races, Trans-BC, and try and be up there in the ranks at the EWS races I attend.
RMB: Everybody knows about the PNW trails, so tell us about the northeast US trails.
PO: The PNW gets so much attention, but the Northeast US trails are pretty rad! There is some really amazing riding and super varying terrain. There's everything from rolling hills to fairly sizable mountains, modern flow trails to raw and technical trails. The mountains aren't as big as the Alps or BC, but they pack a punch and offer tight, challenging steep terrain if you know where to look.
I don't think the Northeast gets the exposure like the Pacific Northwest because the culture is just different, and these places have only just recently pushed to become riding destinations. The PNW is leading the charge, but with strong engagement from the NE municipalities and land owners to push for more MTB tourism, I think the momentum is growing around here.
RMB: What bikes are you riding on this season?
PO: I will primarily be riding Instinct, Altitude, and Thunderbolt. I also spend a fair bit of time on the Suzi-Q in the winter, riding on snow and going wherever I can. When the conditions shape up, its actually pretty fun.
Previous Feature Passage nord-est Last Fall a group of Rocky Mountain athletes, ambassadors, and friends took a road trip through some of the best riding networks in Quebec and the Northeastern United States.
Next Media Review Pinkbike's first look at the new Thunderbolt Pinkbike's Mike Levy was one of a select few journalists to get an advance look at our new Thunderbolt.
Pinkbike's Mike Levy was one of a select few journalists to get an advance look at our new Thunderbolt. Head over to Pinkbike to see the rest of his initial impressions.
Previous Feature Putting in the time: An interview with Peter Ostroski Peter's been riding and racing on Rocky Mountain's for a really long time. He's worked his way up from a grassroots hookup to representing our brand proudly at the Enduro World Series. He's been a member of our enduro race team since its inception with the "Altitude Team", and has a busy schedule leading into this year.
Next Feature The all-new Vertex The Vertex embodies speed and confidence, sitting at the top of the food chain as our flagship XC-race hardtail.
January 27, 2016 Words By brian.
We're honoured to have two bikes selected to be in Bike Magazine's 2016 Bible of Bike Tests. Both the Altitude 770 MSL and the Thunderbolt 799 MSL were lauded by testers, and we're proud of how they stack up against the competition.
"Compared to some of the other all-mountain bikes, it felt downright ethereal. This was refreshing and liberating when it came time to hump uphill, and the Altitude has the steep seat angle and clean suspension kinematics to hustle upward with an ease that will endear it to XC racers and all-day climbers alike. The absence of heft and sense of balance persisted when pointed downhill too, making for a nimble ride aided by neutral handling and an effective, supple suspension."
Full Round Table video, review, and Q&A here.
We've been blown away by all the ladies ripping it up on the Thunderbolt, so for this year's Bible of Bike Tests we floated the idea of their women's bike testers evaluating it. We had them try the top-of-the-line 799 MSL model just to be cheeky, but don't worry: we make Thunderbolts across most price points.
"It "climbs like a cheetah on speed," wrote one tester, while another noted: "This bike is built to go fast." (...) The XC-trail nature of the Thunderbolt was a perfect match for the Kingdom Trails network, which largely consists of buttery-smooth dirt ribbons twisting through tight trees, with an occasional root section mix in, and short, punchy climbs and descents. The 27.5-inch wheels, 16.6-inch chainstays and 44-inch wheelbase (size medium) no doubt aided in the Thunderbolt's exceptional maneuverability through the forest mazes, and its rocket-like acceleration points to its astounding 25.5-pound weight. Testers also remarked that the bike descended with more authority than expected, with its 120 millimeters of rear travel feeling deeper than the number purports."
Previous News Farewell to Raphaël Gagné We'd like to thank Raphaël Gagné for his nine seasons of dedication to racing and to our brand. Wish wish you the best in 2016 and beyond!
Next News Rocky Mountain Supports Endure Nepal Film A women's mountain bike adventure film documenting travel to Langtang Valley, Nepal, to rebuild after the earthquakes of 2015.
December 03, 2015 Words By brian.
Bike Magazine's Brice Minnigh selected our Thunderbolt BC Edition as the platform for his 2016 "Dream Build."
"When it came to choosing my dream build, I approached the privilege as literally as I could: I picked the bike that had pervaded my dreams the most over the past year" said Brice. "And while a small handful of bikes have crept into my dream space in recent months, none of them have left such an indelible impression as the Rocky Mountain Thunderbolt 790 MSL BC Edition."
Read the full spec breakdown of Brice's Chromag-adorned Thunderbolt over on bikemag.com!
Previous Feature A Rocky Mountain Christmas Brett Tippie reminds us all about the true meaning of Christmas.
January 14, 2015 Words By brian.
"Why did two of our editors pick the Rocky Mountain Thunderbolt 790 MSL BC Edition as their favorite of the 2015 Bible of Bike Tests? Well, for starters, because it climbs with the speed of a lightning bolt hurled by Zeus himself. And such spectacular displays of fireworks are aptly followed by the heavy rumble of thunder as it blasts through burly descents with all the power of a 6-inch-travel all-mountain bike."
Previous News Hestler Talks Thunderbolt MSL It's clear that the lightweight, playful 120mm bike is right in his wheelhouse.
Next Feature Can You Freeride a Fat Bike? Geoff Gulevich, Wade Simmons, and Brett Tippie take our Blizzard fat bike for a shred in BC's Coastal Mountains to prove that the only limitations for these bikes are our own preconceived notions.
August 07, 2014 Words By brian.
We are excited to introduce you to our new 2015 Thunderbolt MSL.
A 120mm travel, 27.5-wheeled XC trail bike, we designed it for people who hammer at the pointy end of the pack, but stay aggressive and stylish when terrain gets rougher. Marathon racing? Sure. Triple up those whoops? Why not! BC Bike Race? Of course! Smash every corner? Be rude not to.
The design process went much further than simply making a carbon version of our popular aluminum Thunderbolt; we reengineered it from the ground up to have shorter chainstays, lower standover, RIDE-9™ adjustability, new pivot technologies, increased anti-squat and more.
Global pricing to be announced. Available Fall 2014.
RIDE-9™ System — Our patented RIDE-9™ technology is the key to our bikes' extraordinary versatility. It uses two interlocking chip insertsto adjust geometry and suspension characteristics, allowing riders to tune their bikes to their specific riding styles, terrain, and weight.
SMOOTHWALL™ Carbon — SMOOTHWALL™ carbon uses one of the world's most sophisticated carbon processes to deliver industry leading stiffness-to-weight, ride quality, and durability. We eliminate excess resin and fibers by using rigid internal molds instead of traditional air bladders. We then utilize different typesof carbon in specific frame areas to maximize stiffness and impact resistance while minimizing overall weight.
PIPELOCK™ Pivot — Rather than relying on lateral compression for stiffness like traditional main pivot designs, our patent-pending PIPELOCK™ pivot uses a military grade, hard-anodized collet that expands radially to create the widest—and therefore most rigid—pivot stance possible. Using PIPELOCK™ allows us to cut our main pivot weight dramatically while significantly increasing lateral stiffness. PIPELOCK™ Pivots also feature grease ports for effortless maintenance.
BC2™ Pivots — Lighter and stiffer than conventional bearing pivots, our Bushing Concept 2 (BC2™) Pivots are the oversized next generation of our groundbreaking ABC™ system. Unlike other bushings, our patented system uses a hardened alloy insert that bottoms out to control the contact of the bushing surfaces, reducing the preload that causes stiction and binding. BC2™ Pivots also feature grease ports for effortless maintenance.
ABC™ Pivots — Our revolutionary Angular Bushing Concept (ABC™) pivots are lighter, stiffer, and require less maintenance than conventional bearing pivots. Like our BC2™ pivots, they rotate on hardened alloy inserts that bottom out to reduce stiction and binding. However, by using an angled bushing surface they increase their relative contact area, optimizing them for compact locations like chainstay pivots.
SMOOTHLINK™ Suspension — SMOOTHLINK™ suspension stays supple yet supportive through a wider range of gears than conventional single pivot or other four-bar suspension configurations. This patented system reduces both pedal-bob and bottom-outs, while allowing us to fine tune variables like braking and climbing traction across a widerange of intended uses.
Fully Di2 compatible with integrated battery stealth port in downtube.
Internal cable, shock, and stealth dropper post routings keep cables neatly stowed.
Easy internal cable management with downtube stealth port.
142mm E-Thru rear axle increases stiffness.
BB92 pressfit bottom bracket provides maximum lateral stiffness.
Grease ports on BC2™ and PIPELOCK™ pivots allow for fast and easy maintenance.
We're a selfish bunch, so we couldn't resist producing a Thunderbolt MSL BC Edition. With its lively, bottomless-feeling SMOOTHLINK™ suspension curve, adjustable RIDE-9™ system, and class-leading stiffness it was the perfect candidate for some additional brawn. Set up the way we set our own bikes up—wide bars, short stem, big tires, stiff wheels, and premium suspension—, the BC Edition translates the Thunderbolt's agility into true trail bike playfulness and aggression.
Previous News Teamfahrer gesucht! Bewirb dich für die Saison 2015 als Expert oder Friend im Craft-Rocky Mountain Team, lebe unser Motto "love the ride" und werde Teil einer einzigartigen Mannschaft!
Next Feature Altitude Sickness — Highs & Lows at EWS #5: Winter Park, Colorado At over 10 000 feet of elevation in Winter Park, Colorado, this Enduro World Series stop promised to be one of the most physically challenging races of the season.
August 28, 2013 Words By brian.
When XC gets rowdy, the agile and playful Thunderbolt shines. With 120mm of SMOOTHLINK™ travel and 27.5" wheels, the Thunderbolt delivers a great mix of intuitive XC capabilities and pure, playful trail fun.
Rocky Mountain's entire development team unanimously agreed on the need for a fun XC bike that stands on the shoulders of our dedicated XC race bikes. By understanding the attributes of race bikes, we tested and perfected the numbers to arrive at geometry that lends a more playful feeling to riding cross-country. We were able to design a short 426mm rear end on the Thunderbolt, tucking the 27.5" wheel in close to the rider for lots of maneuverability and agility. At the same time, the top tube has been lengthened from traditional Rocky Mountain designs to accommodate today's shorter stems and wider bars. Our Engineers and test-riders like Thomas Vanderham experimented tirelessly to arrive at the bike's 68.5° headtube angle, balancing the unique handling-properties of both XC and trail riding styles.
See all the new Thunderbolt models here.
Previous Feature The Staycation: A Vancouver Island Adventure This year Thomas Vanderham, Brett Tippie, Geoff Gulevich, Wade Simmons, and Andreas Hestler decided to reinvigorate their love for home by exploring Vancouver Island.
Next News Joyriding With Gully Geoff Gulevich charges hard at the Crankworx Whistler Red Bull Joyride, the world's biggest slopestyle event.


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<Greek Fest Brings Greek Culture to Portland
Syrian Professor's Open Letter to the UN>
Business, PDX, Politics, U.S.
Former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich Addresses Income Inequality
By Reuben Schafir
Former Secretary of Labor to President Bill Clinton, Robert Reich, delivered a lecture at Temple Beth Israel on Sept. 28, speaking on income inequality in the United States, the same topic as his 2013 documentary Inequality for All.
Reich, considered a giant in his field (despite his 4'11" stature) served as President Clinton's Secretary of labor from 1993 to 1997 and is currently a professor at University of California, Berkeley. His charming humor and years of expertise came together in an hour and a half long lecture including a Q&A session, covering topics from medicare, the Clinton's, population, education and minimum wage.
When addressing the medicare system, Reich named rising costs of medical care as a key problem.
"We've got 77 million bodies that are going to be decaying simultaneously" stated Reich in a common moment of humor. Naming the baby boomer generation as the cause of this sudden increase in the elderly.
Reich, born in 1946, himself a member of the baby boomer generation, asked for anyone in the room born between 1945 and 1964 to raise their hand – his point to show the roughly 70 percent of the audience whom this information is relevant for.
Reich then switched to the topic of education.
"There are few callings more noble than being a teacher," Reich said, emphasizing the importance of education. He explained that "if we are turning our public schools into test taking factories all our kids will be prepared to do is take tests. They will not be prepared to think." Reich seems to point at a lack of education as a reason for inequality. He expressed a need for change in the countries educational system, stating that 40 percent of funding for schools comes from local income tax. However, when neighborhoods go broke, income levels fall, which leads to poor schools due to lack of funding which eventually makes it harder for students to get a job. This begins the cycle for poverty.
Arriving in Portland after a spending the day in Seattle arguing for a 15 dollar minimum wage, Reich also touched on minimum wage nationwide, saying, "I think that we could have a national minimum wage that would be about 12 dollars per hour, and linked to inflation." Reich argues that a higher minimum wage will create a healthier economy, remarking that "it's important for us to embark upon these reforms."
Given the upcoming 2016 presidential campaign, the inevitable topic of Hillary Clinton was brought up. In an artful and hilarious dodge of the real question, Reich went on to tell of his college days, when he dated Clinton.
"I dated Hillary.. No I did! But I forgot all about that. In 2008, in the 2008 election a reporter from the New York times called me and said he had come across a whole collection of her letters from when she was an undergraduate at Wellesley and she mentions that she had a date with you. Is there anything you can tell us about the date that might shed light on how she might perform as a President? Know I've had some stupid questions…Now I didn't want to be disrespectful and I didn't want to jeopardize her chances" Reich continues, "So I said well we went to a movie and all I can tell you is she wanted an inordinate amount of popcorn."
Ultimately, Reich's lecture revolved around a single point; Should we worry about a rising gap in income between the rich and the poor in the United States? Reich dropped an astounding statistic on this subject, putting his whole lecture in context.
"Right now the 400 wealthiest Americans have more wealth than the bottom 150 million."
Ironically enough, Reich's net worth is an estimated at roughly 4 million dollars.
Reich's blog about American economics, which includes a trailer for his movie Ineaquality for All, can be found here, http://robertreich.org/.
Tagged: Reuben Schafir

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


03431 Pizza - Order Domino's Delivery Now!
When your stomach grumbles for a slice of meaty, veggie-loaded, cheesy goodness, we know you're not craving any old pizza in 03431. You want a hot, delicious pizza with a flavorful tomato sauce, perfectly sliced bits of pepperoni, generous piles of mozzarella and parmesan, and a golden-brown crust that's crunchy, crispy, and chewy—all at the same time. You want only the best pizza. You want Domino's.
At Domino's in 03431, it's never been easier to get the fast and fresh pizza you want. Order your pizza online or over the phone, or stop by and place a carryout order at the Domino's nearest you.
Order from your 03431 Domino's and you'll see—we're pretty serious folks when it comes to pizza delivery. In fact, we promise your pizza will arrive hot and fresh at your door, right out of our oven. Want to know what's happening with your order like, right now? Use our expertly engineered Domino's TrackerⓇ to follow along as your order is prepped, baked, checked for quality, and sent out our door for delivery... and try to keep your drool from falling onto your keyboard or phone in the meantime.
We may be fast when it comes to delivering pizzas, but we're super fast when it comes to pizza takeout in 03431. You can order from our pizza menu or step outside the pizza box and try something different (but equally delicious). Make your tastebuds happy with an order of stuffed cheesy bread, an oven-baked sandwich, flavorful salad, or rich pasta, and event satisfyingly sweet desserts like Domino's Marbled Cookie Brownie™. It's a decadent blend of gooey milk chocolate chunk cookie and rich fudge brownie that'll have you begging for another.
With over 12,000 locations in 80 plus countries, we know customer service and we know quality. Our mission is to be Keene's best pizza delivery company and everything from our money-saving pizza coupons to our considerate delivery drivers reflects this commitment. Call your local Domino's restaurant in 03431, use our free smartphone app, or place your order online for fast pizza delivery and carryout today! We're different than other pizza restaurants in 03431. We're your number one pizza place in 03431!


text:
Q: Unable to open iMovie I'm trying to open the iMovie app on my Macbook, but it has an X on the icon and when I click on it, it tells me I to upgrade the app in order to get into it. In the Mac App Store, I checked for new updates, and indeed there is a new update for iMovie (along with iPhoto and Keynote updates). To do the updates, I pressed update all, but only the iPhoto and Keynote updates actually happened (the iMovie update is stuck loading) My computer freezes and fails to update iMovie.
How can I get iMovie to open?
Edit: The update is to iMovie 10.1.4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
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	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
	"github.com/estesp/manifest-tool/v2/pkg/registry"
	"github.com/estesp/manifest-tool/v2/pkg/store"
	"github.com/estesp/manifest-tool/v2/pkg/types"
	"github.com/estesp/manifest-tool/v2/pkg/util"

	"github.com/fatih/color"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/urfave/cli"
)

var inspectCmd = cli.Command{
	Name:  "inspect",
	Usage: "fetch image manifests in a container registry",
	Flags: []cli.Flag{
		cli.BoolFlag{
			Name:  "raw",
			Usage: "raw JSON output",
		},
		cli.BoolTFlag{
			Name:  "tags",
			Usage: "include RepoTags in raw response",
		},
	},
	Action: func(c *cli.Context) {

		name := c.Args().First()
		imageRef, err := util.ParseName(name)
		if err != nil {
			logrus.Fatal(err)
		}
		if _, ok := imageRef.(reference.NamedTagged); !ok {
			logrus.Fatal("image reference must include a tag; manifest-tool does not default to 'latest'")
		}

		memoryStore := store.NewMemoryStore()
		resolver := util.NewResolver(c.GlobalString("username"), c.GlobalString("password"), c.GlobalBool("insecure"),
			c.GlobalBool("plain-http"), c.GlobalString("docker-cfg"))

		descriptor, err := registry.FetchDescriptor(resolver, memoryStore, imageRef)
		if err != nil {
			logrus.Error(err)
		}

		if c.Bool("raw") {
			out, err := json.Marshal(descriptor)
			if err != nil {
				logrus.Fatal(err)
			}
			fmt.Println(string(out))
			return
		}
		_, db, _ := memoryStore.Get(descriptor)
		switch descriptor.MediaType {
		case ocispec.MediaTypeImageIndex, types.MediaTypeDockerSchema2ManifestList:
			// this is a multi-platform image descriptor; marshal to Index type
			var idx ocispec.Index
			if err := json.Unmarshal(db, &idx); err != nil {
				logrus.Fatal(err)
			}
			outputList(name, memoryStore, descriptor, idx)
		case ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, types.MediaTypeDockerSchema2Manifest:
			var man ocispec.Manifest
			if err := json.Unmarshal(db, &man); err != nil {
				logrus.Fatal(err)
			}
			_, cb, _ := memoryStore.Get(man.Config)
			var conf ocispec.Image
			if err := json.Unmarshal(cb, &conf); err != nil {
				logrus.Fatal(err)
			}
			outputImage(name, descriptor, man, conf)
		default:
			logrus.Errorf("Unknown descriptor type: %s", descriptor.MediaType)
		}
	},
}

func outputList(name string, cs *store.MemoryStore, descriptor ocispec.Descriptor, index ocispec.Index) {
	var (
		yellow = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgYellow).SprintFunc()
		red    = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgRed).SprintFunc()
		blue   = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgBlue).SprintFunc()
		green  = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgGreen).SprintFunc()
	)
	fmt.Printf("Name:   %s (Type: %s)\n", green(name), green(descriptor.MediaType))
	fmt.Printf("Digest: %s\n", yellow(descriptor.Digest))
	fmt.Printf(" * Contains %s manifest references:\n", red(len(index.Manifests)))
	for i, img := range index.Manifests {
		fmt.Printf("[%d]     Type: %s\n", i+1, green(img.MediaType))
		fmt.Printf("[%d]   Digest: %s\n", i+1, yellow(img.Digest))
		fmt.Printf("[%d]   Length: %s\n", i+1, blue(img.Size))
		_, db, _ := cs.Get(img)
		switch img.MediaType {
		case ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest, types.MediaTypeDockerSchema2Manifest:
			var man ocispec.Manifest
			if err := json.Unmarshal(db, &man); err != nil {
				logrus.Fatal(err)
			}
			fmt.Printf("[%d] Platform:\n", i+1)
			fmt.Printf("[%d]    -      OS: %s\n", i+1, green(img.Platform.OS))
			if img.Platform.OSVersion != "" {
				fmt.Printf("[%d]    - OS Vers: %s\n", i+1, green(img.Platform.OSVersion))
			}
			if len(img.Platform.OSFeatures) > 0 {
				fmt.Printf("[%d]    - OS Feat: %s\n", i+1, green(img.Platform.OSFeatures))
			}
			fmt.Printf("[%d]    -    Arch: %s\n", i+1, green(img.Platform.Architecture))
			if img.Platform.Variant != "" {
				fmt.Printf("[%d]    - Variant: %s\n", i+1, green(img.Platform.Variant))
			}
			fmt.Printf("[%d] # Layers: %s\n", i+1, red(len(man.Layers)))
			for j, layer := range man.Layers {
				fmt.Printf("     layer %s: digest = %s\n", red(fmt.Sprintf("%02d", j+1)), yellow(layer.Digest))
			}
			fmt.Println()
		default:
			fmt.Printf("Unknown media type for further display: %s\n", img.MediaType)
		}

	}
}

func outputImage(name string, descriptor ocispec.Descriptor, manifest ocispec.Manifest, config ocispec.Image) {
	var (
		yellow = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgYellow).SprintFunc()
		red    = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgRed).SprintFunc()
		blue   = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgBlue).SprintFunc()
		green  = color.New(color.Bold, color.FgGreen).SprintFunc()
	)
	fmt.Printf("Name: %s (Type: %s)\n", green(name), green(descriptor.MediaType))
	fmt.Printf("      Digest: %s\n", yellow(descriptor.Digest))
	fmt.Printf("        Size: %s\n", blue(descriptor.Size))
	fmt.Printf("          OS: %s\n", green(config.OS))
	fmt.Printf("        Arch: %s\n", green(config.Architecture))
	fmt.Printf("    # Layers: %s\n", red(len(manifest.Layers)))
	for i, layer := range manifest.Layers {
		fmt.Printf("      layer %s: digest = %s\n", red(fmt.Sprintf("%02d", i+1)), yellow(layer.Digest))
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Bowkeria verticillata är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som först beskrevs av Christian Friedrich Frederik Ecklon och Zeyh., och fick sitt nu gällande namn av George Claridge Druce. Bowkeria verticillata ingår i släktet Bowkeria och familjen Stilbaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Plisterordningen
verticillata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Use this form to submit your hives question (or an article sharing your opinions, thoughts, or experiences) for the Cholinergic Urticaria community to read. Your question or article will appear on the cholinergic urticaria forum. As a rule of courtesy, if you ask a question, please try to answer someone else's question, as this encourages a sense of community on the site.
Spam will not be published (if you add links, this post will go to a spam folder, and I won't see it).
Don't forget to search first! You're welcome to ask any questions to the general community, but please take time to read or watch before asking. If you are asking a question specifically to the author of this website (Hivesguy/Ben), please search this website first, watch the relevant hives videos, or buy the cholinergic urticaria book. These sources will address 99% of any questions people have and save both of us time. I get a lot of the same questions, so I created this site, the book, and the videos to tell people all I know about this disorder and what works for me. Beyond what's in those sources, I know virtually nothing else. However, I'm happy to clarify anything or answer any question you may have. I'm here to help!
Be kind and mature. No cursing, hate speech, rants, etc.
Write legibly. I'm not a grammar fanatic (it doesn't have to be perfect), but if I can't read it, I won't publish it. If I have to spend 45 minutes out of my day editing it because you refuse to capitalize words, use excessive abbreviations/text message lingo, and/or don't use a spell check, it will take me longer to edit and publish it.


The government has proposed raising the retirement age of scientists working in all ministries, departments and autonomous institutions from 60 to 65 years.
In a draft cabinet note that has been circulated to all ministries, the science and technology ministry has argued that such a move will help attract scientific manpower and that all institutions would be able to harness the expertise of scientists for a longer duration.
"Most of the scientists at 60 would be leading productive research groups and are involved in mentoring students and young scientists. It is therefore necessary to make use of the productive age of the scientists beyond 60 years so that the effective scientific strength and correspondingly the scientific wealth of the country get enhanced," the draft note said.
Totally agree with the aboce comments Essential to increase the retirement age of the scientists.
Welcome this proposal of increasing the retirement age of scientists. To develop a scientist, the Govt spends lakhs and even crores of rupees in the form of salary, laboratories, costly equipment, chemicals etc. unlike in any other profession. For a Scientist, to attain full pledged research capabilities it takes several years. In his initial years of research, most of the years he will be spending on training himself and acquiring research knowledge and hands on experience in the laboratory etc. By the time a scientist achieves a result oriented knowledge and capabilities of producing fruitful results, he reaches the retirement age of 60 years.
If a scientist is allowed to retire at this age, It is a great loss not only to the science, but also to the Govt and the people of the country and in this process, we are losing the expertization of the experienced scientist.
The Govt of India should have taken into consideration of this and thought of increasing the retirement age of these senior Scientists upto 65 years and utilize their scientific expertise for another 5 years and reap these benefits to the development of the country and the people. It is not too late that the present govt led by the dynamic leadership of Sri Narendra Modi consider the issue seriously and increase the retirement age of the Scientists from 60 years to 65 years on par with that of the faculty members of Central Universities, IITs and the Supreme Court Judges.
The work and nature of duties of a scientist are completely different to that of other professions and their service cannot be compared with those professions. One should understand that research scientists almost forego their personal priorities and devote their entire life in the discovery of new things which are in turn great benefit to mankind.
Apart from this for the past several years there are no recruitment at the entry level in Research institutes , hence there is a huge gap. There are a very few middle level scientists. Once the seniors retire there will not be any one to take up some important areas of research or to lead or even to guide other scientists. In addition, there is a huge scarcity of scientific personnel in the recent years as most of the younger generation getting attraction towards IT. Even basic science students are moving towards IT creating dearth of candidates opting for scientific research.
In such circumstances the decision to increase the retirement age of scientists is a golden thought.


Dashboards are the best way to stay organized in Sage CRM.
Ready To Take Control Of Sage CRM With A Custom Interactive Dashboard Gadget?
Automatic notifications are a very powerful tool when harnessed in Sage CRM.


text:
7 Famous Poetic Pop Songs
Music is central to our culture — it is present everywhere from advertising to education. With many unique genres and artists, every person is able to find some type of music that speaks to them. Whether you love complex instrumentals or meaningful lyrics, there is music out there to suit you. Despite being the most popular genre, pop's musical merit is often underappreciated. The genre has a reputation for simple and mindless lyrics, but pop can have a lot to offer. Songs range in theme from love, to loss, to deeply personal emotions, and communicate those themes in complex and thoughtful ways. Any music can be simple or complex, shallow or deep, but these famous pop songs draw in elements of writing that make their lyrics positively poetic.
7 Top Poetic Pop Songs
"Hope is a Dangerous Thing for a Woman to Have - but I Have It" / Lana Del Rey. Lana Del Rey's poetic pop has graced radios around the world since 2012. Her most recent release, Norman Fucking Rockwell!, continues this trend through every song. The single "Hope is a Dangerous Thing" plays on her signature down-tempo beat and soft piano to support lyrics so slow the verses are almost spoken word. Throughout the song, Del Rey alludes to her influencers, like Slim Arons and Sylvia Plath, to build the aesthetic sense that guides her works. Throughout the song she uses imagery, like pink gowns and blood on her walls, to drive contrast that shapes the song's speaker.
"Red" / Taylor Swift. Composed almost entirely from simile, "Red" by Taylor Swift is a love song built on figurative language. Swift compares aspects of a relationship to colors: loss as blue, longing as grey, and love as red, so the listener experiences the emotions in greater depth. She uses more concrete imagery to ground the emotions the colors recall, calling on touch and memory to give listeners something in the real world to relate to if the colors are too abstract. Through these comparisons she builds emotions listeners can connect to, strengthening her lyrics with poetic devices.
"What About Us" / P!nk. P!nk has been writing poetic music since the 90s. In her current albums, many of her songs focus on relationships, but the single "What About Us" takes a more global view. The lyrics are written from the perspective of "we," rather than "I," making the listener part of the song. P!nk uses metaphor in the verses and repetition in the chorus to pose big questions like, "What about love? What about trust?" in a way that asks listeners to consider them in their own lives. These choices make the song an anthem about being human, rather than just a simple love song.
"Sugar, We're Goin Down" / Fall Out Boy. Pop-punk classic "Sugar, We're Goin Down" mixes word play with punk themes in a breakup banger. Lines like "Drop a heart, break a name" and "A loaded God complex, cock it and pull it" remix common sayings into new meanings with lyrical flow. Pairing these subversion of expectation with images of mausoleums and bedpost notches gives the song its edge, pulling it from pop into pop-punk.
"Bad Guy" / Billie Eilish. In "Bad Guy," the first track of her first album, Billie Eilish opens her lyrics with strong imagery of a white shirt soiled by a bloody nose, establishing the drama that carries through the whole song. In the chorus, rhyme and repeptition create meter like those used in rap or poetry, as each line in these sections has the same number of syllables, keeping in time with the beat of the song's bass. These devices are used to take shots at people who pretend to be someone they are not with lines like, "So you're a tough guy / Like it really rough guy / Just can't get enough guy / Chest always so puffed guy."
"Mr. Brightside" / The Killers. "Mr. Brightside's" deceptively simple lyrics get their power from the tension they hold. Telling a story of a relationship spoiled by jealousy, the verses use a middle rhyme of "bed" and "head" to make the reader expect a rhyme scheme, then end without rhyme, leaving the listener to fill in the blank. This transition from verse to pre-chorus use enjambment, along with the unfinished rhyme, to create the tension that is released in the chorus. This dynamic tension is what gives "Mr. Brightside" its power.
"Hey There Delilah" / Plain White T's. "Hey There Delilah" is a classic 2000s love song. It uses mixed rhymes in its serenade to create a catchy flow, without committing to a formal end rhyme. Similes like, "Times Square can't shine as bright as you," compliment the subject while highlighting the central tension of the work: the distance between her and the writer. The hyperbole of "If every simple song I wrote to you / Would take your breath away / I'd write it all," enforces the longing tone of the lyrics, making the lyrics sound like a ballad.
FAMOUS FEMALE POETS
( to the tune of "Vogue") By Beverly Stock Stowe, Crosby, and Millay Thorpe and Wilcox had their way, Sylvia Plath and...
Safe Driving in 7 Steps
7 Tips for Writing Poetry About LGBTQ Issues


Rudbeckias are bright sunshiny plants that are well-adapted to our climate and require little attention during the growing season. There are 25 varieties of these plants. 2008 has been proclaimed the "Year of the Rudbeckia" by the National Garden Bureau.


text:
ELLEN WHITE'S TRINITARIAN STATEMENTS: WHAT DID SHE ACTUALLY WRITE?
I recently ran into a presentation from the Ellen G. White Estate (mentioned in this article) which discusses three issues:
Skeptics say that "…the expression ("sin could be resisted and overcome only through the mighty agency of the Third Person of the Godhead, who would come with no modified energy, but in the fullness of divine power" (p. 671). ) found its way into The Desire of Ages through the influence of Ellen White's assistants and/or Herbert Lacey or W. W. Prescott)."
Trinity skeptics "…point out that the words "third person" are not capitalized in the original 1898 printing, signifying to them that the word "person" is used in a more "general sense."
Anti-trinity proponents say "that while there are in reality only two persons in the Godhead, "the net effect for us is that there are three divine beings," since the Holy Spirit is called "another Comforter." In this view, the Holy Spirit is "the Spirit (presence) of the Father and/or Christ," and not in actuality a distinct third divine person."
Although the third issue is not directly addressed, it is refuted with provided content. Mr. Poirier comments, "We will not pursue the third interpretation, except to look later at a further Ellen White statement that speaks of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, as "three distinct agencies" working together on behalf of humanity. But the first two observations are aimed at the authenticity of the text—our interest in this presentation."
The statements provide are extremely clear, and if one opens their heart to the Holy Spirit, He will reveal the truth to them. I am including a portion of the presentation, and a link to pdf at the end, please read it with an open heart and receive a wonderful blessing.
~ATadmin
ELLEN WHITE'S TRINITARIAN STATEMENTS: WHAT
DID SHE ACTUALLY WRITE?
By Tim Poirier*
Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.
Certain opponents of the church's second fundamental belief ("The Trinity") argue that Ellen White's supportive statements cannot be trusted as reflecting accurately what she wrote and taught. These persons claim to accept Ellen White's prophetic writings, but they question the authenticity of her statements that affirm the church's belief in three distinct, co-eternal, fully divine persons in the Godhead—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This presentation will not attempt to fully define Ellen White's concept of the Godhead nor discuss the question of whether there was any development in her views. Its interest is in the authenticity of Ellen White's key statements in the light of available source documents. It should also be clearly stated that the church's fundamental belief in the Trinity is not based on Ellen White's writings, but on its understanding of biblical truth.
"Third Person of the Godhead"
For most Adventists, Ellen White's published statements are conclusive as to her teaching on this question. In The Desire of Ages she writes that "sin could be resisted and overcome only through the mighty agency of the Third Person of the Godhead, who would come with no modified energy, but in the fullness of divine power" (p. 671). This is how the text has read since its first publication in 1898. So how do opponents escape its natural interpretation that there are three distinct persons in the Godhead?
First, by suggesting that the expression found its way into The Desire of Ages through the influence of Ellen White's assistants and/or Herbert Lacey or W. W. Prescott).1 Second, by pointing out that the words "third person" are not capitalized in the original 1898 printing, signifying to them that the word "person" is used in a more "general sense."2 Third, by suggesting that while there are in reality only two persons in the Godhead, "the net effect for us is that there are three divine beings," since the Holy Spirit is called "another Comforter." In this view, the Holy Spirit is "the Spirit (presence) of the Father and/or Christ," and not in actuality a distinct third divine person.3
We will not pursue the third interpretation, except to look later at a further Ellen White statement that speaks of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, as "three distinct agencies" working together on behalf of humanity. But the first two observations are aimed at the authenticity of the text—our interest in this presentation.
Can this passage in The Desire of Ages be trusted as representing what Ellen White actually penned? What does the original manuscript say?
The White Estate often receives this type of inquiry from persons who question the reading or teaching of a published statement. Some are surprised when we tell them that Ellen White did not write out her chapters by longhand as they appear in books like Steps to Christ and those in the Conflict of the Ages Series. She was certainly the author of the text, but most of the material comprising the chapters as we have them was compiled from her many earlier works, including her sermons, letters, and articles.4 So to find the original manuscript for any given passage in a book like The Desire of Ages, we must determine the source document and whether a handwritten draft of that document is extant.
What, then, is the source for this sentence on page 671 of The Desire of Ages? We find it in a letter Ellen White addressed to "My Brethren in America," dated February 6, 1896. She wrote, "Evil had been accumulating for centuries, and could only be restrained and resisted by the mighty power of the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Godhead, who would come with no modified energy, but in the fullness of divine power."5 This letter was copied and sent from Australia to church leaders in Battle Creek, where the General Conference president, O. A. Olsen, published it the next year in a pamphlet circulated among church leaders and ministers (Special Testimonies, No. 10, pp. 25-33). This contemporary publication provides another evidence—beyond the obvious copyright date—that this passage in The Desire of Ages reads as it did when first published in 1898.
Exhibit 1 is a scan of the first page of this letter, showing the key sentence in the second paragraph. The skeptic will ask how we know that this letter actually came from Ellen White. What does the handwritten original say? Unfortunately for us who live in 2006, Ellen White rarely preserved original drafts of her letters once they had been transcribed and received her approval. We will see that, in certain other instances, we are fortunate to have her original drafts, but for this letter the handwritten original is not known to be extant. But we do have other evidences of its authenticity. Pages 5, 6, and 7 contain Ellen White's handwritten interlineations, which she often added after further reading of a document. Exhibit 2 is a scan of page 6, showing these interlineations and providing the evidence that this letter was indeed reviewed by Ellen White herself. So we are on sure ground in concluding that this key sentence in The Desire of Ages was not slipped past Ellen White's eye into the manuscript of the book either by her assistants or other church leaders.
What should we make of the second argument, that the words "third person" were not capitalized in the earliest printings? As we saw in Exhibit 1, the phrase was also not capitalized in the original letter. Further comparison between Ellen White's letters and her published articles and books indicates that editorial style, not theological intent, governed such matters as to whether pronouns referring to deity should be capitalized. If the argument is to be made that the use of lower case characters in "third person" shows that Ellen White was not attributing deity-status to the Holy Spirit, then one has to explain why, in the same earliest printings, the personal pronoun "He" (referring to the Holy Spirit) is twice capitalized in the immediately preceding paragraph (671:1), and elsewhere in the same chapter.
Visit this link to read the pdf (full version)…
(* Admin note: I do not claim ownership of this post which is actually found at the link above – if the author of this work wishes for me to remove it, please notify me.).
Copyright © 2012 Ellen G. White Estate, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide.
Tags: Ellen G. White Ellen G. White Estate Ellen White Holy Spirit Third Person of the Godhead Tim Poirier Trinitarian Trinity triune God
← 2012 Seminary Scholarship Symposium: "Reception of Ellen White's Trinitarian Statements by Her Contemporaries (1897–1915)"*
Did Christ Have a Beginning?** →


The National Basketball Association is no different from the other major sports that dominate the US market. It is an all-year thing. The media and fan interest doesn't stop when the games halt. We have speculation. We have the ongoing narratives.
The Cavaliers hoisted the Larry O'Brien trophy in mid-June. Our television and computer screens were awash with scenes of a victorious Cleveland. It was unbridled jubilation in the previously downtrodden streets. LeBron James had made good on his championship promise to a much-maligned sports community.
Then … we were quickly on to the next story.
Kevin Durant's long-term basketball future had been bubbling under the surface as he entered the last year of his Oklahoma City Thunder contract. With the silverware suitably assigned and no gameplay to distract the viewership, the discussion turned to the potential landing spots for the megastar free-agent. The intensity of the coverage increased when it emerged Durant would be taking — what would effectively amount to pitch meetings — from a very limited number of invited suitors. What had originally seemed like a remote possibility was now being sold as a real probability. Kevin Durant — one of the top five NBA performers — was ready to leave the Thunder.
The Boston Celtics were invited to join the chase. This opportunity, if seized upon, would be the franchise altering deal they had effectively been rebuilding towards for a number of years. This was the prize asset that had eluded them thus far. It was the acquisition that moves them from playoff hopefuls to genuine NBA championship contenders. To be considered as an option was encouraging but the Boston organization were not content to simply take this as a compliment. They went to work. The coaching staff, with the full support of the executive branch of the organization, would be prepared to sell the Celtics as a natural home for Durant's talents. Key players would be on hand to represent the current roster and lend their perspectives. This pitch was so important to the Celtics they enlisted the help of Patriots quarterback Tom Brady. Considered Boston royalty he was brought to the meeting to offer further insight into the New England sports market. He brought gravitas to their bid. He exuded super stardom. He epitomized success.
Kelly Olynyk, the twenty-five year old Canadian, wore a tie-dye t-shirt to the meeting.
In the interest of fairness and/or clarity it should be stressed it wasn't of the garish neon Grateful Dead variety. It was a muted off-purple color. Not the Face of the Franchise is not a fashion blog. It doesn't consider Kevin Durant's eventual decision to relocate to Oakland as being in any way influenced by Olynyk's wardrobe decision. But there was something reassuringly goofy and incredibly predictable in Olynyk's attire. There was a relaxed authenticity. What is perhaps more significant — and certainly more worthy of note — is the fact he was part of the meeting at all.
At this crucial juncture the Boston Celtics wanted him in the room.
Kelly Olynyk stands at seven foot tall. This, in NBA parlance, earns him the informal designation or classification as a 'Big'. This terminology is widely used throughout the league to distinguish between players in a rapidly evolving league. Generally this is a league of very tall players. Being considered a team's Big, in reality, relates to more than height. The NBA Big has a skill-set. It's more than a just a hulking presence on the court. A Big is deployed in certain circumstances — very often to counteract or diminish the opposition's use of a larger player. There is a simple logic that a large player is best defended when matched with a player of similar physical stature. Height can be such an advantage in terms of scoring close to the basket. It often directlytranslates to rebounding success. Such factors make a dependable Big an asset to any team. The best Bigs in the league will tend to be cornerstones of their teams offensive and/or defensive success.
There is no limitation or governance that prevents teams from utilizing multiple Bigs — and the physical advantage they bring — within their lineup. But the evolution of the modern game has itself impacted the level of a Big's involvement. The emergence of 'small-ball' and, more significantly its recent level of success, has seen teams give greater focus and priority to smaller lineups. The huge seven foot athlete tends not to be nimble.
It is becoming increasingly evident that success can be achieved in the NBA with uptempo basketball and reliable perimeter shooting. Height is less of a factor when the ball can be zipped around and shots are made from distance. The most successful and competitive teams in the NBA are those who can implement multiple styles with the players on their rosters. The very best teams can expertly use their rotations to match an opponents approach yet are able to force their own will on the game. With this in mind flexibility can be a player's most valued attribute.
Kelly Olynyk is not a typical Big.
He was selected as a first round pick in 2013 draft. He had a relatively successful college basketball career at Gonzaga. In his junior year at the college level he took the brave decision to actively choose to sit out a year. This is not an unprecedented move but remains somewhat rare. Olynyk, he has since confirmed, looked at the players entrenched as starters. He calculated his likely playing time and elected to withdraw his availability for selection. He spent the next year developing his game before returning to the team a much improved player. This considered approach and active participation in his own development would be a precursor to his professional career.
Coming out of college there was an undeniable rawness to his game. Boston, it seemed, were accepting of that but remained suitably impressed with his skills. There was something in Kelly Olynyk they wanted to develop.
His size, in many ways, is deceptive. Kelly Olynyk doesn't play like he is seven foot tall. This can, to the casual viewer, be impressive and frustrating in equal measure. His game is not dependent on strength and aggression. On the contrary he has a real subtlety in his play. He regularly displays a deftness of touch around the basket and the decisive and calculated mobility to be effective there.
But an uncommon skill-set does little to impress if we cannot see what we naturally expect of a Big. There is fight within Kelly Olynyk. He doesn't shirk a challenge. But he is competitive in the paint without being dominant. He doesn't project a sense of physicality. He has, throughout his time as a Celtic, added no real mass to his frame. There are only minimal signs of physical development. He has never been considered lightweight on the court but Olynyk lacks the defined muscularity often found in other Bigs. He can, in comparison, seem almost 'doughy'.
But would any of this even matter if he were six inches shorter ? If Olynyk wasn't considered a Big would we view his skill-set differently ?
The question — as hypothetical as it is — misses the mark. Kelly Olynyk is a Big. Not the most traditional or even the best. But he has developed his game throughout his career to make the most of what he cannot change. His height means he has to be respected when he is close to the basket. He cannot be ignored. But what he has added to his game is perimeter shooting. He has clearly worked on this element of his game and is starting to reap the rewards of his endeavors. When he moves further from the basket he has to be closed down quickly. The upturn in his shooting means opposing teams are no longer happy to surrender the chance to him. As a more consistent shooter from mid-to-long range he forces teams to defend him more aggressively. He is then able take the shot or elect to use his mobility and speed to evade his defender. He can drive to the basket. He is a multi-dimensional Big. From a defensive standpoint he is growing into a match-up nightmare.
This is made all the more intriguing when we consider the offseason acquisition the Celtics were able to secure. Whilst there was a true sense of disappointment Kevin Durant couldn't be lured to Boston they did sign Al Horford. He represents an All-Star level addition to their front-court positions.
As we look toward the 2016/17 season it has yet to become clear how Boston plan to use Kelly Olynyk. He is currently recuperating from a shoulder injury and has been extremely limited in terms of practice time. But Horford brings a physicality, scoring dimension and veteran presence to the center and power forward position. It doesn't require too much imagination to envisage Olynyk directly benefitting from Horford's addition to the rotation. Rather than a competitor for his playing time Horford is more likely to be a complimentary player. Al Horford undoubtedly upgrades the Boston Celtics roster. He is a starting caliber piece that may allow Kelly Olynyk to concentrate on what he is naturally good at whilst utilizing the skills he has developed.
Throughout his own offseason Kelly Olynyk has appeared on the Boston Celtics' media channel several times. He has played a part in environmental awareness campaigns and chaperoned homeless kids on their visit to a local zoo. Throughout each of these carefully constructed media events there is a sense Olynyk genuinely enjoys this part of his profession. Video footage of him walking around with the young underprivileged kids lends a sense of perspective on many levels. He looks enormous. The kids look on in awe as he hauls his goofy seven foot frame onto a camel. He wears a huge grin throughout.
One branch of the Celtics media department designed a t-shirt that they wore court-side during their playoff run last year. It carried the slogan 'We're One Superstar'. The message was in strong defiance to the detractors who saw Boston's lack of a genuine NBA superstar as reason to deny their credibility as a contender. Kelly Olynyk wore the t-shirt. It wasn't tie-dye. But he wore it nonetheless.
The Boston Celtics are potentially building a very special basketball team. It's not a team that over-flows with household names. It's not an immediate Championship contender. But they are building something. This organization appreciates Kelly Olynyk.
They want him in their meetings. They want him in a Boston Celtic uniform.


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Усто́йчивое разви́тие (), также гармони́чное разви́тие, сбаланси́рованное разви́тие — процесс экономических и социальных изменений, при котором природные ресурсы, направление инвестиций, ориентация научно-технического развития, развитие личности и институциональные изменения согласованы друг с другом и укрепляют нынешний и будущий потенциал для удовлетворения человеческих потребностей и устремлений.

Во многом речь идёт об обеспечении качества жизни людей.

Специфика термина
Разные авторы уже не раз отмечали неточность русского перевода зарубежного выражения (, , ). Действительно, суть термина «устойчивое развитие» означает просто устойчивый, постоянный рост. В то же время в европейских языках перевод следующих слов даётся так:
  — устойчивый, жизнеспособный; экологически рациональный, обеспечивающий учёт будущих потребностей;  — развитие, рост, совершенствование, эволюция, изложение, раскрытие, результат, предприятие, обрабатываемый участок земли, разработка, производство;
  — развитие;  — прочный, долговременный, длительный, длительного пользования, долговечный, надежный;
  — устойчивый;  — развитие, проявление, разработка, создание, конструкция, развертывание, изменение, конструирование, модернизация, проект, проектирование.

В данном контексте этот перевод должен иметь более узкий смысл. Это — развитие «продолжающееся» («самодостаточное»), то есть такое, которое не противоречит дальнейшему существованию человечества и развитию его в прежнем направлении.

По мнению проф. Л. Г. Мельника, есть некоторая противоречивость, алогичность русскоязычного варианта перевода термина . «Устойчивость» предполагает равновесие, а «развитие» возможно только при условии постоянного выхода системы из равновесного состояния.

Устойчивое развитие модели использования ресурсов, направленной на удовлетворение потребностей человека при сохранении окружающей среды, с тем что эти потребности могут быть удовлетворены не только для настоящего, но и для будущих поколений. Комиссия Брундтланд придумала этот термин, это стало наиболее часто цитируемое определение устойчивого развития как развития, что «удовлетворение потребностей нынешнего поколения, без ущерба для возможности будущих поколений удовлетворять свои собственные потребности».

Комиссия Брундтланд, официально — Всемирная комиссия по окружающей среде и развитию (), известная по имени председателя Гру Харлем Брундтланд, была созвана ООН в 1983 году. Комиссия была создана в результате растущей озабоченности «по поводу быстрого ухудшения состояния окружающей среды, человека и природных ресурсов, и последствий ухудшения экономического и социального развития». При создании комиссии Генеральная Ассамблея ООН признала, что экологические проблемы носят глобальный характер и определяют, что это отвечает общим интересам всех стран по разработке политики для устойчивого развития.

Ещё в 1970-е годы «устойчивость» используется для описания экономики «в равновесии с основными экологическими системами поддержки». Экологи указывают на «пределы роста», и представляют в качестве альтернативы «устойчивое состояние экономики» в целях решения экологических проблем.

«Пределы роста» — книга моделирования последствий быстрого роста населения земного шара и конечной поставки ресурсов, изданная по заказу Римского клуба. Её авторы: Донелла H. Медоус (Donella N. Meadows), Деннис Л. Медоус (Dennis L. Medose), Йёрген Рандерс (Jørgen Randers), и Вильям В. Беренс III (William W. Berens). В книге предпринята попытка моделирования последствий взаимодействия Земли и человека, представлены некоторые проблемы и предсказания преподобного Томаса Роберта Мальтуса в «Эссе о законе народонаселения» (1798). В первоначальной модели были рассмотрены пять переменных в предположении, что экспоненциальный рост точно описал свои модели роста, и что способность технологий для повышения доступности ресурсов растет только линейно. Эти переменные: мировое население, индустриализация, загрязнения окружающей среды, производство продовольствия и истощение ресурсов. Авторы планировали рассмотреть возможность устойчивого обратного шаблона, который может быть достигнут путём изменения тенденции роста среди пяти переменных. Последний обновленный вариант был опубликован 1 июня 2004 года под названием «Пределы роста: 30 лет». Донелла Луга, Жорден Рандерс, и Деннис Медоус обновили и расширили первоначальную версию. В 2008 году Грэм Тернер на уровне Содружества по научным и промышленным исследованиям (CSIRO) в Австралии опубликовала статью под названием «Сравнение "Пределов роста" с тридцатилетней реальностью». В нём рассматриваются последние 30 лет реальности и предсказаний, сделанных в 1972 году, и обнаружено, что изменения в области промышленного производства, производства продуктов питания и загрязнения окружающей среды соответствуют предсказаниям книги экономического и социального краха в XXI веке.

В модели роста Солоу (назван в честь Роберта Солоу), стационарное состояние является в долгосрочной перспективе результатом модели. Термин обычно относится к национальной экономике, но могут применяться для экономики города, региона или всей планеты.

Согласно рассуждениям академика Н. Н. Моисеева, смысл идеи выражает термин «коэволюция человека и биосферы», что является почти синонимом «ноосферы» В. И. Вернадского. С такой точки зрения более точным переводом «sustainable development» может быть «совместное развитие».

История

Начало — 1970-е
Концепция устойчивого развития явилась логическим переходом от экологизации научных знаний и социально-экономического развития, бурно начавшимся в 1970-е годы. Вопросам ограниченности природных ресурсов, а также загрязнения природной среды, которая является основой жизни, экономической и любой деятельности человека, в 1970-е годы был посвящён ряд научных работ. Реакцией на эту озабоченность было создание международных неправительственных научных организаций по изучению глобальных процессов на Земле, таких как Международная федерация институтов перспективных исследований (ИФИАС), Римский клуб (с его докладом «Пределы роста»), Международный институт системного анализа, а в СССР — Всесоюзный институт системных исследований.

Назаретян А. П. считает, что концепции «устойчивого развития» в 1970—1980-х годах «походили на врачебные рекомендации по продлению агонии обречённого пациента». Многие варианты подобных концепций для преодоления экологических и продовольственных кризисов предлагали форсированно сократить население планеты.

Конференция в Стокгольме
Проведение в 1972 году в Стокгольме Конференции ООН по окружающей человека среде и создание Программы ООН по окружающей среде (ЮНЕП) ознаменовало включение международного сообщества на государственном уровне в решение экологических проблем, которые стали сдерживать социально-экономическое развитие. Стала развиваться экологическая политика и дипломатия, право окружающей среды, появилась новая институциональная составляющая — министерства и ведомства по окружающей среде.

1980-е — наст. время
В 1980-х годах стали говорить об экоразвитии, развитии без разрушения, необходимости устойчивого развития экосистем. Всемирная стратегия охраны природы, принятая в 1980, впервые в международном документе содержала упоминание устойчивого развития. Вторая редакция ВСОП получила название «Забота о планете Земля — Стратегия устойчивой жизни» и была опубликована в октябре 1991. В ней подчеркивается, что развитие должно базироваться на сохранении живой природы, защите структуры, функций и разнообразия природных систем Земли, от которых зависят биологические виды. Для этого необходимо: сохранять системы поддержки жизни (жизнеобеспечения), сохранять биоразнообразие и обеспечить устойчивое использование возобновляемых ресурсов.

Появились исследования по экологической безопасности как части национальной и глобальной безопасности.

В 1980-е годы Программа ООН по окружающей среде (ЮНЕП) призывала к необходимости перехода к «развитию без разрушения». В 1980 году впервые получила широкую огласку концепция устойчивого развития во Всемирной стратегии сохранения природы, разработанной по инициативе ЮНЕП, Международного союза охраны природы (МСОП) и Всемирного фонда дикой природы. В 1987 году в докладе «Наше общее будущее» Международная комиссия по окружающей среде и развитию (МКОСР) уделила основное внимание необходимости «устойчивого развития», при котором «удовлетворение потребностей настоящего времени не подрывает способность будущих поколений удовлетворять свои собственные потребности». Эта формулировка понятия «устойчивое развитие» сейчас широко используется в качестве базовой во многих странах.

Теория и практика показали, что экологическая составляющая является неотъемлемой частью человеческого развития. В основе деятельности Международной комиссии по окружающей среде и развитию и её заключительного доклада «Наше общее будущее» была положена новая триединая концепция устойчивого (эколого-социально-экономического) развития. Всемирный саммит ООН по устойчивому развитию (межправительственный, неправительственный и научный форум) в 2002 году подтвердил приверженность всего мирового сообщества идеям устойчивого развития для долгосрочного удовлетворения основных человеческих потребностей при сохранении систем жизнеобеспечения планеты Земля. Концепция устойчивого развития во многом перекликается с концепцией ноосферы, выдвинутой академиком В. И. Вернадским ещё в середине XX века.

Как отмечает в 2014 году представитель ЮНКТАД по экономическим вопросам Игорь Паунович: «По прошествии шести лет, как разразился глобальный экономический кризис, устойчивая модель роста в мире ещё не выработана».

Понятие и определения устойчивого развития
Фактически речь может идти не о немедленном прекращении экономического роста вообще, а о прекращении, на первом этапе, нерационального роста использования ресурсов окружающей среды. Последнее трудно осуществить в мире растущей конкуренции, роста таких нынешних показателей успешной экономической деятельности как производительность и прибыль. В то же время переход к «информационному обществу» — экономике нематериальных потоков финансов, информации, изображений, сообщений, интеллектуальной собственности — приводит к так называемой «дематериализации» хозяйственной деятельности: уже сейчас объёмы финансовых сделок превышают объёмы торговли материальными товарами в 7 раз. Новую экономику двигают не только дефицит материальных (и природных) ресурсов, но во все большей степени изобилие ресурсов информации и знаний. Удельная энергоемкость хозяйственной деятельности продолжает снижаться, хотя общее энергопотребление пока растет.

Значительное большинство международных организаций системы ООН включило в свою деятельность существенную экологическую составляющую, ориентированную на переход к устойчивому развитию.

Эксперты Всемирного банка определили устойчивое развитие как процесс управления совокупностью (портфелем) активов, направленный на сохранение и расширение возможностей, имеющихся у людей. Активы в данном определении включают не только традиционно подсчитываемый физический капитал, но также природный и человеческий капитал. Чтобы быть устойчивым, развитие должно обеспечить рост — или по крайней мере неуменьшение — во времени всех этих активов. Для рационального управления экономикой страны применяется та же логика, что используется для рационального управления личной собственностью.

В соответствии с приведенным определением устойчивого развития главным показателем устойчивости, разработанным Всемирным банком, являются «истинные темпы (нормы) сбережения» или «истинные нормы инвестиций» в стране. Принятые сейчас подходы к измерению накопления богатства не учитывают истощение и деградацию природных ресурсов, таких как леса и нефтяные месторождения, с одной стороны, а с другой — инвестиции в людей — один из самых ценных активов любой страны. При переходе на вычисление истинных темпов сбережений (инвестиций) этот недостаток исправляется корректировкой рассчитываемых традиционными методами темпов сбережений: в сторону уменьшения — путём оценки истощения природных ресурсов и ущерба от загрязнения окружающей среды (потеря природного капитала), и в сторону увеличения — путём учёта возрастания человеческого капитала (прежде всего из-за инвестиций в образование и базовое медицинское обслуживание).

Документ Хартия Земли появился на свет в результате шестилетнего международного диалога с целью выработки общечеловеческих целей и общих ценностей. Он был подготовлен по инициативе гражданского сообщества и был официально принят на собрании Комиссии Хартии Земли в штабе ЮНЕСКО в Париже, в марте 2000 года. Миссией Хартии Земли является пропаганда перехода к устойчивому образу жизни и формированию глобального сообщества, основанного на общих этических устоях, включающих в себя уважение и заботу о всём сообществе живого, принципы экологической целостности, всеобщие права человека, уважение к культурному разнообразию, экономическую справедливость, демократию и культуру мира.

Триединая концепция устойчивого развития
Концепция устойчивого развития появилась в результате объединения трех основных точек зрения: экономической, социальной и экологической.

Экономическая платформа
Экономический подход к концепции устойчивости развития основан на теории максимального потока совокупного дохода Хикса-Линдаля, который может быть произведен при условии, по крайней мере, сохранения совокупного капитала, с помощью которого и производится этот доход. Эта концепция подразумевает оптимальное использование ограниченных ресурсов и использование экологичных — природо-, энерго-, и материало-сберегающих технологий, включая добычу и переработку сырья, создание экологически приемлемой продукции, минимизацию, переработку и уничтожение отходов.

Однако при решении вопросов о том, какой капитал должен сохраняться (например, физический или природный, или человеческий капитал) и в какой мере различные виды капитала взаимозамещаемы, а также при стоимостной оценке этих активов, особенно экологических ресурсов, возникают проблемы правильной интерпретации и счета. Появились два вида устойчивости — слабая, когда речь идет о неуменьшаемом во времени природном и произведенном капитале, и сильная — когда должен не уменьшаться природный капитал (причем часть прибыли от продажи невозобновимых ресурсов должна направляться на увеличение ценности возобновимого природного капитала).

Социальная программа
Социальная составляющая устойчивости развития ориентирована на человека и направлена на сохранение стабильности социальных и культурных систем, в том числе, на сокращение числа разрушительных конфликтов между людьми. Важным аспектом этого подхода является справедливое разделение благ. Желательно также сохранение культурного капитала и многообразия в глобальных масштабах, а также более полное использование практики устойчивого развития, имеющейся в недоминирующих культурах. Для достижения устойчивости развития, современному обществу придется создать более эффективную систему принятия решений, учитывающую исторический опыт и поощряющую плюрализм. Важно достижение не только внутри-, но и межпоколенной справедливости. В рамках концепции человеческого развития человек является не объектом, а субъектом развития. Опираясь на расширение вариантов выбора человека как главную ценность, концепция устойчивого развития подразумевает, что человек должен участвовать в процессах, которые формируют сферу его жизнедеятельности, содействовать принятию и реализации решений, контролировать их исполнение.

Экологическая составляющая
С экологической точки зрения, устойчивое развитие должно обеспечивать целостность биологических и физических природных систем. Особое значение имеет жизнеспособность экосистем, от которых зависит глобальная стабильность всей биосферы. Более того, понятие «природных» систем и ареалов можно понимать широко, включая в них созданную человеком среду, такую как, например, города. Основное внимание уделяется сохранению способностей к самовосстановлению и динамической адаптации таких систем к изменениям, а не сохранение их в некотором «идеальном» статическом состоянии. Деградация природных ресурсов, загрязнение окружающей среды и утрата биологического разнообразия сокращают способность экологических систем к самовосстановлению.

Единство концепций
Согласование этих различных точек зрения и их перевод на язык конкретных мероприятий, являющихся средствами достижения устойчивого развития — задача огромной сложности, поскольку все три элемента устойчивого развития должны рассматриваться сбалансированно. Важны также и механизмы взаимодействия этих трех концепций. Экономический и социальный элементы, взаимодействуя друг с другом, порождают такие новые задачи, как достижение справедливости внутри одного поколения (например, в отношении распределения доходов) и оказание целенаправленной помощи бедным слоям населения. Механизм взаимодействия экономического и экологического элементов породил новые идеи относительно стоимостной оценки и интернализации (учёта в экономической отчетности предприятий) внешних воздействий на окружающую среду. Наконец, связь социального и экологического элементов вызвала интерес к таким вопросам как внутрипоколенное и межпоколенное равенство, включая соблюдение прав будущих поколений, и участия населения в процессе принятия решений.

Индикаторы

Важным вопросом в реализации концепции устойчивого развития — особенно в связи с тем, что она часто рассматривается как эволюционирующая — стало выявление его практических и измеряемых индикаторов (индикаторов устойчивого развития). В этом направлении сейчас работают как международные организации, так и научные круги. Исходя из вышеуказанной триады, такие индикаторы могут связывать все эти три компонента и отражать экологические, экономические и социальные (включая психологические, например, восприятие устойчивого развития) аспекты.

Одним из примеров практически применимых показателей являются индексы устойчивого развития: в экономической, экологической и социальной составляющих. Они могут измеряться и отображаться подобно многофакторным индексам роста, применяемым Всемирным банком. Разработаны ключевые индексы в экономической, экологической, социальной сферах. Также существует механизм практической интеграции этих показателей в систему планирования и оценки на уровне географического региона. Показатели устойчивого развития находят использование и в программно-ориентированном подходе к управлению развитием поселений в роли маркеров, определяющих сбалансированность развития городской системы.

На основе таких индикаторов и индексов присваиваются рейтинги устойчивого развития и публикуются соответствующие рейтинги.

Устойчивое развитие и традиционная экономика
Появление концепции устойчивого развития подорвало фундаментальную основу традиционной экономики — неограниченный экономический рост. В одном из основных документов Конференции ООН по окружающей среде и развитию (Рио-де-Жанейро, 1992) «Повестке дня на XXI век», в главе 4 (часть 1), посвящённой изменениям в характере производства и потребления, прослеживается мысль, что надо идти дальше концепции устойчивого развития, когда говорится, что некоторые экономисты «ставят под сомнение традиционные понятия экономического роста», и предлагаются поиски «схем потребления и производства, которые отвечают существенным потребностям человечества». В рамках экологической экономики сформулированы теоретические подходы к проблеме прекращения экономического роста без неприемлемых социальных последствий, сторонниками этого подхода для политического продвижения этой концепции в 2004 году создан Центр по развитию стабильной экономики. В работах Германа Дэйли введено понятие «экономика устойчивого состояния», физические компоненты которой ограничены и не изменяются с течением времени. Канадский экономист Петер Виктор предложил интерактивную модель, позволяющую исследовать потенциал для достижения стабильной, но не растущей экономики. Модель демонстрирует, что даже в пределах общепринятых подходов к экономике существуют возможности для достижения устойчивого состояния.

Традиционная экономика утверждает, что максимизация прибыли и удовлетворение потребителей в рыночной системе совместимо с максимизацией благополучия людей и что недостатки рынка можно исправить государственной политикой. Вторая полагает, что краткосрочная максимизация прибыли и удовлетворение индивидуумов-потребителей в конечном итоге приведет к истощению природных и социальных ресурсов, на которых зиждется благосостояние людей и выживание биологических видов.

Экономика устойчивого развития
Прогресс экономической науки привёл ко всё большему учёту природного фактора. С одной стороны, большинство традиционных природных ресурсов стали дефицитными. Причем это относится не только к невозобновимым ресурсам, но также и к так называемым возобновимым ресурсам — прежде всего ресурсам экосистем (экосистемным «товарам» и «услугам») и биоразнообразию. Одно из определений устойчивого развития — это неистощительное развитие в долгосрочном, межпоколенном плане. Так как природа является основой жизнедеятельности человека, её истощение и деградация при существующих экономических отношениях негативно сказывается на социальных отношениях, на структуре производства и потребления и способствует росту нищеты. С другой стороны, оказалось, что многие возобновимые природные блага не имеют должной ценности, что является источником их истощения и деградации. В то же время взаимодействие социальных и экологических факторов привело к рассмотрению ещё одного фактора производства — социального капитала.

Устойчивое развитие территорий
XX век, ставший периодом беспрецедентного роста городов и систем расселения, выявил также потребность человечества в разработке и внедрении принципов УР в области градостроительства и территориального планирования. Соответствующая концепция получила название «устойчивое развитие территорий», подразумевающее под собой «обеспечение при осуществлении градостроительной деятельности безопасности и благоприятных условий жизнедеятельности человека, ограничение негативного воздействия хозяйственной и иной деятельности на окружающую среду и обеспечение охраны и рационального использования природных ресурсов в интересах настоящего и будущего поколений». В таком виде термин попал в Градостроительный кодекс России 2004 года.

Принципы устойчивого развития территорий:
 В новых населённых пунктах или кварталах городов создается гуманная этажность жилых объектов (не выше 5 этажей), планировочные решения учитывают создание удобной транспортной инфраструктуры, легкую доступность административных, деловых и торговых центров, социальных учреждений;
 Застройка ведется по принципу ячеек, то есть создаются зелёные дворы, детские площадки; деловые кварталы с высотным строительством отделяются от жилых зелёных районов.
 При создании транспортной инфраструктуры предпочтение отдается наиболее приемлемому с экологической точки зрения транспорту (троллейбусы, трамваи, фуникулеры, надземные и наземные электропоезда и т. д.); серьёзное внимание уделяется развитию общественного транспорта; стимулируется и поддерживается пользование велосипедами.
 Выполняется достоверный расчёт парковочных мест вблизи жилых массивов и административно-деловых центров в привязке к демографическому и экономическому развитию региона;
 Большое внимание уделяется благоустройству территорий, то есть создаются искусственные водоемы (где есть возможность), парки, аллеи, обустраиваются набережные и т. п.;
 Рассчитывается функциональное назначение каждого квартала, с учётом демографических перспектив, региональной экономической специфики (к примеру, промышленные предприятия создаются с учётом розы ветров и других факторов) и даже реалий макроэкономики;
 При создании инженерной инфраструктуры учитывается возможность использования локальных источников возобновляемой энергии в каждом квартале;
 Закладывается возможность использования внутридомовых энергосберегающих технологий (устройства для обеспечения естественной вентиляции и освещения) в привязке к возможностям региональной энергосистемы;
 Создается эффективная система водоснабжения и водоотведения (канализация с максимальной первичной очисткой перед сбросом в водоемы) в комплексе с локальными системами рециркуляции использованной воды, очистки так называемых «серых» вод, то есть использованных в хозяйственных целях;
 Создается система раздельного сбора твердых бытовых отходов, максимальной рециркуляции вторичных материалов, прорабатываются удобные для населения схемы по компостированию нетвердых бытовых отходов;
 Архитектурный облик зданий согласовывается с особенностями местного ландшафта, с имеющимися национальными архитектурными традициями.
 Создание объектов социальной инфраструктуры, необходимой для образовательно-культурного и духовного развития здорового, творчески активного общества, причем с учётом различия возрастных групп и стимуляцией общества к активному взаимодействию.
 Комплексное решение проблемы с рационализацией сортировки и переработки мусора;
 Стимуляция отношений, приводящих в движение жизнь сообщества:
 деловые отношения в рамках сообщества, местный рынок для своих, бартерные отношения;
 совместные мероприятия: постройка новых домов для членов сообщества, сборы фондов в рамках развития проектов членов сообщества, сборы в рамках медицинской помощи отдельным членам, совместная уборка территорий (субботники), посадка деревьев, фестивали, ярмарки, праздники;
 постоянные собрания членов коммуны для выработки общей стратегии, решения по вопросам текущей жизни принимаются совместно;
 местная самоуправляемая демократия.
 Развитие полноценной местной экономики в рамках небольших сообществ и малого бизнеса, обеспечивающего разнообразие, самоокупаемость и самодостаточность.

См. также
 Ресурсо-ориентированная экономика
 Таллуарская декларация
 Хартия Земли
 Стабильный город
 Устойчивый транспорт
 Устойчивая мода
 Зелёная химия
 Индикаторы устойчивого развития
 Корнукопианцы

Примечания

Литература
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Ссылки

 ООН и устойчивое развитие
 Мировой центр данных по геоинформатике и устойчивому развитию

Экономика развития