Junior Ranger Kylie Ferguson found a saber tooth cat fossil while on vacation in Badlands National Park.
Junior Ranger Kylie did the right thing. She reported her find to rangers. Initially, paleontologists identified the bones as belonging to the oreodont Merycoidodon, an extinct sheep-like animal. Heavy rain throughout the month of June exposed more of the skull and paleontologists soon realized that it was not from the sheep-like animal, but was from the extinct saber tooth cat, Dinictis.
All fossils are scientifically important, but this fossil find is of high importance. Skulls from saber tooth cats are rare and usually fragmented or partially eroded away. In this case, however, the fossils were found in limestone which provided protection for millions of years allowing the skull to remain in museum display quality.
Paleontologists excavated the fossils and some of the surrounding rock the week of June 21st. The fossils will be fully prepared later this summer and added to the museum collection storage at Badlands National Park.
The Ferguson family is from Sharpsburg, GA and this is the first time Kylie had visited the Badlands. Her dad had traveled through the Badlands on a previous trip to a geology field camp and he wanted to share the sites with his family. They were attending the daily 10:30 am Junior Ranger program at the Ben Reifel Visitor Center when Kylie found the fossils.


Discussion in 'Deck Help and Strategy' started by thysereivuth, Nov 3, 2007.
Flygon 13 for testing the deck and Thysereivuth for thinking of it. Im not sure if people have already came up with this deck and published it. Please be honest and tell me if you have published this deck before. We do not want to take any ones credit, but we also dont want you to take ours.
The Basis of this deck is just to start with sneasle as you active and murkrow as your bench. Next you get out the SW Weavile and build up your bench with your mentor ect. Boost one Honchcrow up and bring out all murkrows, sneasles and a diglet. Evolve your bench sneasle and get ready for that one to dish out tons of damage. Keep on doin do untill game won.
Plz help us with this deck its ok right now but we would like the pros oppinions on it.
Imo, consider dropping down the energy a bit, 19 is a bit too much if you ask me. But yeah, Weavile + Honchkrow pwns imo. If only Darkrai was out, it'd be even better.
what's a good card to go with Honchkrow because i don't have any new Weavile.
Thanks for the advice but taking out the rosane and mentor is just two less basic searching power. i did add in two duel balls though and a q ball.


Oil still has decades of expansion ahead, so that the transition to renewable energies will be long, as predicted today by two producing countries such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt in the regional edition of the World Economic Forum.
The peak of the demand for oil in the world "will come in the middle of the century or later," the minister warned. Energy Saudi, Khaled al Faleh, in a plenary session on the first day of the Forum, which takes place in Jordan.
"The peak will come in the middle of the century or later. I do not know, but it will not be soon. We will continue investing in oil "said the head of Saudi Arabia, the world's largest crude oil producer.
In his opinion, the transition to renewable energies "will cost many, many decades".
The thirst for oil, according to Al Faleh, will continue to grow due to the increase in population and the rise to the middle class of millions of people in the world, who will demand more Energy for your stoves or air conditioners.
"The kingdom will not abandon oil, it will continue to be the driver, for many decades, of economic growth and also, a platform for our industry. The difference is that we will use it to build pyramids of added value, "he said.
In another session of the Forum, focused on the future of the Energy In the Middle East, Egypt's oil minister, Tarek al Mola, argued that his country can not afford to give up exploiting the wealth of natural gas newly discovered in the Mediterranean Sea for its own development needs.
"We all believe that renewables will be the goal, but this is Middle East time. We need to develop our countries, we need a lot of funds, many things are done, so that people can feel the benefits, "Al Mola said.
In the perspective of Egypt, according to Al Mola, there is no place to think about renewable energies when in the country people are still "talking about food and bread".
Gas discoveries made in recent years in the eastern Mediterranean, in waters of Egypt, Cyprus, Israel and Lebanon, will mean a "game change" for this region.
"We want to use this gas not only for the welfare of the people, but to be a source of confidence for Europe," said the Egyptian minister.
The Forum was inaugurated today by the Secretary General of the UN, António Guterres, who invited the nearly 1,000 attendees to bet on investing in the Middle East, a region that he believes has a "great capacity for dynamism" to develop.
"I am convinced that it is crucial to look to the Middle East not only as an area of conflict, but as a region of opportunities," said Guterres.
The general secretary, however, put his finger on the yaga and pointed out that the Middle East should strive to promote women's equality, as a method to boost their economies.
Guterres stressed that there are studies that indicate that if the "total and real parity" between men and women is reached, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the region will increase by 2.7 trillion dollars by 2025.
The conference, which takes place between Saturday and Sunday on the shores of the Dead Sea, is attended by nearly 1,000 leaders of government, business, civil society and the academic world, from some 50 countries, including the presidents of Palestine, Armenia and the Vice President of Panama, Isabel de Saint Malo.
The conference, the tenth that the World Economic Forum has held in Jordan since its launch in 2003, seeks to find solutions and recommendations on how to address the challenges facing the Middle East and North Africa, a region of 400 million people.
Other issues that are on the agenda include climate change, managing cyber risks and the fourth industrial revolution.
Previous The old desire to restore for tourism the "Island of men alone"


text:
Seeking Out The Best Wagyu Restaurants in Tokyo
Japan wasn't always a destination for delicious steaks and meat dishes. For much of its history, Japan consumed very little meat based on Buddhist influence, which forbade meat eating. But the wave of modernization in the late 1800s changed all that. Soon, meat was not only accepted by mainstream Japanese, it was being prepared in new and different ways by applying traditional Japanese cooking methods to it. The result has been a long-time love affair with meat that has produced some of the most delicious beef dishes in the world.
Origami has selected several restaurants in Tokyo to introduce you to the world of wagyu in Japan's capital.
Teppanyaki Steakhouse Hama in Nogizaka
Since the 1970s, Americans have enjoyed teppanyaki, where beef is prepared in front of you on a thick griddle. At Steakhouse Hama in Tokyo's fashionable Nogizaka neighborhood, chefs use the griddle to expertly prepare strips of wagyu. They use the different parts of the griddle to cook at different temperatures, moving the steaks around to cook them to perfection. They sometimes use a copper cover to adjust the internal temperature of the meat.
Steakhouse Hama opened for business in 1964. Today, the steakhouse is a magnet for Hollywood celebrities and famous musicians passing through town. If you visit, be sure to try the Matsuzaka Beef. Steakhouse Hama serves some of the highest-grade Matsuzaka found anywhere. For more information, check out the website: http://www.steakhousehama.co.jp/en/
Sukiyaki Ajitetsu in Akasaka
Sukiyaki is another famous Japanese meat dish. The original sukiyaki had an intense miso flavor because cooks used a thick miso paste to mask the smell of the meat. Over the years, the cooking method became more refined, and today, sukiyaki is prepared with a subtle soy-based dashi broth.
The original Ajitetsu opened in Kobe in 1949. The restaurant is famous for the way they prepare and serve their beef. They buy a whole Kobe cow and dry-age it. They serve it at the optimal time for enhanced flavor. For more information, check out the website:
https://akasakaajitetsu.owst.jp/en/
Yakiniku Himuka in Ginza
Yakiniku is a Japanese dish where slices of beef are charbroiled on a gridiron. It is often confused with Korean barbecue, but yakiniku uses Japanese cooking methods to bring out the natural flavor of the ingredients. Himuka serves Ozaki Beef. The proprietor of Ozaki Beef, Muneharu Ozaki, is a frequent diner at Himuka. Perhaps you'll see him there! This is the best restaurant to taste his world-class steaks. Reservations are recommended. The website is https://ginza-himuka.owst.jp/en/
Kurita
Yasushi Kurita was born in Tokyo. He has spent the last 30 years as a writer for print publications and TV. When he was in college, he spent two years in New York. His favorite band is the Atlanta Rhythm Section, making him one of about 15 Japanese people who actually like that band.
JAPAN2021.02.27Will "Sushi Singularity" Make Its Way Onto Your Dinner Table?
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JAPAN2020.11.07What To Eat In Japan Besides Washoku: Omurice
JAPAN2020.10.28Spice Up Your Kitchen with Furikake
A Laid-Back Maid Café in Osaka
Man from Mali Becomes University President in Japan
Sake 101: A Beginner's Guide to Drinking Sake
Cupnoodles Museum Osaka Ikeda
How to Eat Ramen?
Kaisendon Recommendations in Tokyo
The Complete Connoisseur's Guide to Sushi
What is a Royal Warrant?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Pursuit was produced for only a short time during the Depression and only a few exist today.
It features an aluminum air-cooled engine similar to Franklin aircraft engines.
Its distinctive styling features beautiful contrasting paint colors and horizontal louvers.
Franklins were popular with aviators and owners included Charles Lindberg, Glenn Curtiss and Amelia Earhart.
"A car of brilliant beauty powered by an airplane-type engine," proclaimed Franklin brochures. Introduced in 1930, the Franklin Pursuit model had an aluminum air-cooled engine, similar to Franklin aircraft engines installed in Waco biplanes. Franklin ownership seems to have held a fascination for many aviators, and Charles Lindbergh, Glenn Curtiss and Amelia Earhart were numbered among Franklin's customers.
The Walker body on this car exhibits distinctive styling made graphically outstanding by the use of contrasting colors. Interesting style innovations such as the belled horizontal louvers and low hung doors show design elements of keen originality. The rear seat is quite claustrophobic. While the dual cowl keeps wind off the passengers, it severely closes in the overall space. The Pursuit model was produced for a short time and there are only a few remaining today.


Would you like to see the best and most beautiful areas of Tuscany in one wonderful, memorable day? Come with us on our tour, and spend a magical day, made all the more delightful by a traditional Tuscan lunch.
Lunch at a characteristic winery or restaurant, where we will enjoy tasting renowned local wines. After lunch, the wonders continue with a visit to SAN GIMIGNANO, the splendid Medieval town declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Then, following the panoramic roads of the Chianti region, we will come to SIENA, the city of the Palio. Here we will meet a local guide who will take us on a tour of the city, highlighting important monuments, palazzos and piazzas, including Piazza del Campo, where the Palio di Siena horse race is run, and Piazza del Duomo, where we will see both the exterior and the interior of the magnificent Cathedral. After some free time in Siena, you will be driven back to Florence.
Pick-up on request; Travel by GT coach or minivan with air conditioning; Expert multilingual escorts available in English, Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese; Free time in Pisa and San Gimignano; Piazza dei Miracoli; Lunch in a farm near San Gimignano; Guided tour of Siena; Admission to Siena Cathedral.
Gratuity; Drop-off: €6.00 per passenger (Optional).
Available: Monday - Saturday (April - October) and Monday, Wednesday, Friday(November - March); Departs at 7:45am.
Free for children 0-12 year of age.


We're thrilled to announce a new partnership that will bring our resources in front of The Mighty's wide-reaching readership. We will now have our own growing home page on The Mighty and appear in many stories on the site.
We are excited to be a partner of The Mighty and look forward to sharing more through their awesome site.


Our Organic Trace Mineral Mix includes four essential micronutrients that are commonly deficient in soil, but often difficult to find in natural & organic fertilizer. Copper, Manganese and Zinc contribute to essential enzymatic activities in plants in the first few weeks of growth, while Boron is important during the plant's reproductive cycle. This mix also includes organic slow-release nitrogen from soybeans to encourage green growth. This blend is approved by OMRI for use in organic farming..
Commonly used to add trace minerals to soil that is deficient in these elements.
Typical application rate is approximately 2 lbs per 1,000 square feet. This product should be used as a part of a comprehensive total nutrition system to optimize plant development, yield and quantity. Application rate may be adjusted at your discretion based on your current soil test or other factors.
We recommend storing this fertilizer in a dry, sealed container.
Garden Maker™ Naturals fertilizers are packaged in kraft paper bags that are 100% recyclable, compostable and/or biodegradable.


Having launched the FirstTuesday network in the Greater Region and as board member of the global network as well as founding board member of Luxembourg Business Angels Network and board member of EBAN, Steve Glange is now the Startup Grind chapter director for Luxembourg and country advisor for International Accelerator. As ambassador for XING in Luxembourg and while also assisting emerging companies on various advisory boards, Steve finds he's rather in demand. Also a UN conference speaker and lecturer at Georgia Tech Institute, he still prefers to use his analytical and innovative skills around a good robusto cigar and beverage. Steve is an experienced innovative solution broker.
To start receiving Techstars Startup Digest Luxembourg, please subscribe here.


text:
Q: Count call types by week, grouped by type, to identify trends I have another query that I am trying to group by week again.
So the first code excerpt below counts up all the call types based on a certain fixcode.  I'm trying to effectively group these by week and/or day so I can identify trends in the call numbers based on the call type.
SELECT count(*),substr(FIXCODE,1,4) FROM opencall
WHERE (opencall.status > 15 OR opencall.status = 6)
and FIXCODE like 'HPS0%'
and trunc(to_date(substr(CLOSEDATE,1,10), 'DD-MM-YY')) BETWEEN '01-JAN-14' AND '24-DEC-14'
GROUP BY substr(FIXCODE,1,4)

This returns
Count   FixCode
2425    HPS0

So this is a count of all the calls starting with a fixcode of HPS0 since January 1st.
I had a previous piece of code completed by another very helpful chap on StackOverflow, see below, which does group raw calls and counts them by week, but I don't know how to combine the two.
It would be great to subdivide the 2425 HPS0 calls into weeks so I can see how many of those calls were closed week by week to see a trend. Can anyone help? I'd love to do it by day too.
select
'WEEK '|| row_number() over(order by trunc(NEXT_DAY(to_date(substr(LOGDATE,1,10), 'DD-MM-YY'),'FRIDAY'), 'IW')) WEEK,
count(*)
from opencall
where trunc(to_date(substr(LOGDATE,1,10), 'DD-MM-YY')) BETWEEN '01-JAN-14' AND '31-DEC-14'
group by trunc(NEXT_DAY(to_date(substr(LOGDATE,1,10), 'DD-MM-YY'),'FRIDAY'), 'IW')
order by trunc(NEXT_DAY(to_date(substr(LOGDATE,1,10), 'DD-MM-YY'),'FRIDAY'), 'IW');

A: If you want to see the value by week, add in the week to the group by:
SELECT to_char(closeddate, 'YYYY-IW'), substr(FIXCODE, 1, 4), COUNT(*)
FROM opencall
WHERE (opencall.status > 15 OR opencall.status = 6)
and FIXCODE like 'HPS0%'
and trunc(CLOSEDATE) BETWEEN '01-JAN-14' AND '24-DEC-14'
GROUP BY to_char(closeddate, 'YYYY-IW'), substr(FIXCODE, 1, 4)
ORDER BY  to_char(closeddate, 'YYYY-IW')

Presumably closeddate is already a date, so you don't need to convert it back to a date.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We made cameras! Master A's master piece on the left. Mine on the right. There is a story behind how we came to making these beauties. A few weeks ago now, A was watching Arthurs christmas, turned around and told me that he wants Santa to bring him, a Surfboard, a Camera and a Guitar.
In my head I am totally thinking 'Dude, you're TWO!' so I go along with it. A week later he tells me to go to kmart and buy him a camera. And then just last week good old Mr Maker makes a camera. A got so excited, he actually fist pumped and said really really loudly, 'HEIDI! WE CAN MAKE ONE!!!' -- cheeky monkey.
So we did! A little bit each day this week we worked on them. We used a teething rusk box, a food colouring box, a tea box and a TP roll.
Are you ready to get crafty?
Boxes, dig through your kitchen cupboard and look for anything camera shaped. We used a herbal tea box, a food colouring box and a teething rusk box.
Lids for buttons, think milk bottle tops, yogurt squeezy pouch lids, or wooden beads even maybe pom poms.
For the camera lense, we used a plastic lid from a spray can for one camera and a patty pan and TP roll for the other.
If you are making a flash on yours, like my camera has you will need some cardboard and a paper staw.
Gather some collage materials to jazzy up your cameras, if your young one is a toddler like mine just find a range of different coloured and textured materials they might find interesting.
First thing FIRST, CREATE YOUR CAMERA!! bust out the hot glue and get cracking. Glue your boxes together. If you are making a flash on your camera dont add that or the lanyard yet.
Step two: get painting kids! We didnt use a spray primer first, but I suggest if you are crafting with grocery boxes and bottles this usually helps paint stick over the glossy surfaces.
We both chose the colour blue, and it took four coats of paint.
Step three: make it Jazzy, the sky is the limit... pinterest vintage cameras for inspo and get busy, with your collage materials.
Add your flash and lanyard, for my flash I cut a circle from cardboard painted it yellow and glued it to my straw and then poked a small hole in my camera popped the staw through then hot glued in place. For the lanyard we used a strip of material and hot glued it in place.
Trust me you guys are going to have so much fun creating and playing with these side by side!


text:
The BBC at Glastonbury 2014 (Sunday): The 1975 play 'Robbers' at the Pyramid Stage
By Mary Chang on Sunday, 29th June 2014 at 10:30 pm
Wherever you will be hanging your hat this weekend, whether you're joining the sheep at Worthy Farm or you've got your feet up in front of the telly, us here at TGTF will have you covered when it comes to Glastonbury 2014. The dedicated people they are, the folks at the BBC will be working all hours during the festival and feeding us live coverage as it becomes available. What does this mean for you? We'll be passing along all the best bits to you, our faithful readers.
The hits just keep coming from Glastonbury 2014. This time, it's Manchester The 1975, who I had the wonderful luck in meeting at SXSW 2013 and a couple days later at the 200-capacity DC9 in Washington. Now they're playing the Pyramid Stage at Glasto? Unreal. Watch their performance of 'Robbers' below.
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfaXgOzsiYI[/youtube]
The BBC at Glastonbury 2014 (Sunday): Kasabian headline Pyramid Stage with 'Eez-Zeh'
The BBC at Glastonbury 2014 (Sunday): Ed Sheeran performing 'Sing' at the Pyramid Stage
The BBC at Glastonbury 2014 (Sunday): The Black Keys bring 'Fever' to the Pyramid Stage
The BBC at Glastonbury 2014 (Sunday): Dolly Parton plays 'Jolene' at the Pyramid Stage
The BBC at Glastonbury 2014 (Sunday): Public Service Broadcasting play their 'Theme' at the West Holts Stage
Tags: 2014, bbc, festivals, glasto, Glastonbury, glastonbury14, june2014, live, musicfestival, musicfestivals, the1975, video


text:
UK Aghast Weapons It Sold To Pariah State Used In Coup
Posted on 06/02/2021 in shocker
The British government was 'stunned and aghast' to learn that another of the many pariah regimes it regularly sells arms to, is using those same weapons to crush human rights.
A spokesman who couldn't look anyone in the eye, insisted that "Britain was completely aghast at and completely surprised by this entirely unforeseeable development".
He angrily rejected the suggestion that the UK couldn't have been surprised by the news because Saudi Arabia is currently doing 'exactly the same thing'.
"Saudi is using British arms to crush human rights in the Yemen, not in their own country," he sniffed, "it's an entirely different thing!"
The hunted expression soon returned however, when he was asked if it was true that the UK was the second biggest arms dealer in the world, from Saudi Arabia to Myanmar.
"I would pre-pre-prefer," he stammered, "to say we are the second most successful supporter of democracy in the world."
After repeated prompting, he reluctantly added, "from…from Saudi Arabia to M-Myanmar".
He 'could not agree' that indiscriminate arms sales of £11bn annually, were damaging Britain's human rights reputation, he said.
"Because," he added in reply to further questions, "as soon as we make another season of The Crown, the press will completely lose interest in this…um…non story?"


text:
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)                          RJ Atkinson
Request for Comments: 6747                                    Consultant
Category: Experimental                                         SN Bhatti
ISSN: 2070-1721                                            U. St Andrews
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol for IPv4 (ILNPv4)
This document defines an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) extension
to support the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol for IPv4 (ILNPv4).
ILNP is an experimental, evolutionary enhancement to IP.  This
document is a product of the IRTF Routing Research Group.
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for examination, experimental implementation, and
evaluation.
This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community.  This document is a product of the Internet Research Task
Force (IRTF).  The IRTF publishes the results of Internet-related
research and development activities.  These results might not be
suitable for deployment.  This RFC represents the individual
opinion(s) of one or more members of the Routing Research Group of
the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).  Documents approved for
publication by the IRSG are not a candidate for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6747.
Atkinson & Bhatti             Experimental                      [Page 1]
RFC 6747                       ILNPv4 ARP                  November 2012
to this document.
This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
be created, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to
translate it into languages other than English.
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. ILNP Document Roadmap ......................................3
1.2. Terminology ................................................5
2. ARP Extensions for ILNPv4 .......................................5
2.1. ILNPv4 ARP Request Packet Format ...........................5
2.2. ILNPv4 ARP Reply Packet Format .............................7
2.3. Operation and Implementation of ARP for ILNPv4 .............8
3. Security Considerations .........................................9
4. IANA Considerations .............................................9
5. References .....................................................10
5.1. Normative References ......................................10
5.2. Informative References ....................................11
6. Acknowledgements ...............................................11
This document is part of the ILNP document set, which has had
extensive review within the IRTF Routing RG.  ILNP
is one of the recommendations made by the RG Chairs.  Separately,
various refereed research papers on ILNP have also been published
during this decade.  So, the ideas contained herein have had much
broader review than the IRTF Routing RG.  The views in this
document were considered controversial by the Routing RG, but the
RG reached a consensus that the document still should be
published.  The Routing RG has had remarkably little consensus on
anything, so virtually all Routing RG outputs are considered
controversial.
At present, the Internet research and development community are
exploring various approaches to evolving the Internet
Architecture to solve a variety of issues including, but not
limited to, scalability of inter-domain routing [RFC4984].  A wide
range of other issues (e.g., site multihoming, node multihoming,
site/subnet mobility, node mobility) are also active concerns at
present.  Several different classes of evolution are being
considered by the Internet research and development community.  One
class is often called "Map and Encapsulate", where traffic would
be mapped and then tunnelled through the inter-domain core of the
Internet.  Another class being considered is sometimes known as
"Identifier/Locator Split".  This document relates to a proposal
that is in the latter class of evolutionary approaches.
The Identifier Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) is a proposal for
evolving the Internet Architecture.  It differs from the current
Internet Architecture primarily by deprecating the concept of an
IP Address, and instead defining two new objects, each having
crisp syntax and semantics.  The first new object is the Locator, a
topology-dependent name for a subnetwork.  The other new object is
the Identifier, which provides a topology-independent name for a
node.
1.1.  ILNP Document Roadmap
This document describes extensions to ARP for use with
ILNPv4.
The ILNP architecture can have more than one engineering
instantiation.  For example, one can imagine a "clean-slate"
engineering design based on the ILNP architecture.  In separate
documents, we describe two specific engineering instances of
ILNP.  The term ILNPv6 refers precisely to an instance of ILNP that
is based upon, and backwards compatible with, IPv6.  The term ILNPv4
refers precisely to an instance of ILNP that is based upon, and
backwards compatible with, IPv4.
Many engineering aspects common to both ILNPv4 and ILNPv6 are
described in [RFC6741].  A full engineering specification for
either ILNPv6 or ILNPv4 is beyond the scope of this document.
Readers are referred to other related ILNP documents for details
not described here:
a) [RFC6740] is the main architectural description of ILNP,
including the concept of operations.
b) [RFC6741] describes engineering and implementation
considerations that are common to both ILNPv4 and ILNPv6.
c) [RFC6742] defines additional DNS resource records that
support ILNP.
d) [RFC6743] defines a new ICMPv6 Locator Update message
used by an ILNP node to inform its correspondent nodes
of any changes to its set of valid Locators.
e) [RFC6744] defines a new IPv6 Nonce Destination Option
used by ILNPv6 nodes (1) to indicate to ILNP correspondent
nodes (by inclusion within the initial packets of an ILNP
session) that the node is operating in the ILNP mode and
(2) to prevent off-path attacks against ILNP ICMP messages.
This Nonce is used, for example, with all ILNP ICMPv6
Locator Update messages that are exchanged among ILNP
correspondent nodes.
f) [RFC6745] defines a new ICMPv4 Locator Update message
g) [RFC6746] defines a new IPv4 Nonce Option used by ILNPv4
nodes to carry a security nonce to prevent off-path attacks
against ILNP ICMP messages and also defines a new IPv4
Identifier Option used by ILNPv4 nodes.
h) [RFC6748] describes optional engineering and deployment
functions for ILNP.  These are not required for the operation
or use of ILNP and are provided as additional options.
1.2.  Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described
in [RFC2119].
2.  ARP Extensions for ILNPv4
ILNP for IPv4 (ILNPv4) is merely a different instantiation of the
ILNP architecture, so it retains the crisp distinction between the
Locator and the Identifier.  As with ILNPv6, only the Locator
values are used for routing and forwarding ILNPv4 packets
[RFC6740].  As with ILNP for IPv6 (ILNPv6), when ILNPv4 is used
for a network-layer session, the upper-layer protocols (e.g.,
TCP/UDP pseudo-header checksum, IPsec Security Association) bind
only to the Identifiers, never to the Locators [RFC6741].
However, just as the packet format for IPv4 is different to IPv6,
so the engineering details for ILNPv4 are different also.  While
ILNPv6 is carefully engineered to be fully backwards-compatible
with IPv6 Neighbor Discovery, ILNPv4 relies upon an extended
version of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) [RFC826], which
is defined here.  While ILNPv4 could have been engineered to avoid
changes in ARP, that would have required that the ILNPv4 Locator
(i.e., L32) have slightly different semantics, which was
architecturally undesirable.
The packet formats used are direct extensions of the existing
widely deployed ARP Request (OP code 1) and ARP Reply (OP code 2)
packet formats.  This design was chosen for practical engineering
reasons (i.e., to maximise code reuse), rather than for maximum
protocol design purity.
We anticipate that ILNPv6 is much more likely to be widely
implemented and deployed than ILNPv4.  However, having a clear
definition of ILNPv4 helps demonstrate the difference between
architecture and engineering, and also demonstrates that the
common ILNP architecture can be instantiated in different ways
with different existing network-layer protocols.
2.1.  ILNPv4 ARP Request Packet Format
The ILNPv4 ARP Request is an extended version of the widely
deployed ARP Request (OP code 1).  For experimentation purposes,
the ILNPv4 ARP Request OP code uses decimal value 24.  It is
important to note that decimal value 24 is a pre-defined,
shared-use experimental OP code for ARP [RFC5494], and is not
uniquely assigned to ILNPv4 ARP Requests.  The ILNPv4 ARP Request
extension permits the Node Identifier (NID) values to be carried
in the ARP message, in addition to the node's 32-bit Locator
(L32) values [RFC6742].
0        7        15       23       31
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|       HT        |        PT       |
|  HAL   |  PAL   |        OP       |
|         S_HA (bytes 0-3)          |
| S_HA (bytes 4-5)|S_L32 (bytes 0-1)|
|S_L32 (bytes 2-3)|S_NID (bytes 0-1)|
|         S_NID (bytes 2-5)         |
|S_NID (bytes 6-7)| T_HA (bytes 0-1)|
|         T_HA (bytes 3-5)          |
|         T_L32 (bytes 0-3)         |
|         T_NID (bytes 0-3)         |
Figure 2.1: ILNPv4 ARP Request packet format
In Figure 2.1, the fields are as follows:
HT      Hardware Type (*)
PT      Protocol Type (*)
HAL     Hardware Address Length (*)
PAL     Protocol Address Length (uses new value 12)
OP      Operation Code (uses experimental value OP_EXP1=24)
S_HA    Sender Hardware Address (*)
S_L32   Sender L32  (* same as Sender IPv4 address for ARP)
S_NID   Sender Node Identifier (8 bytes)
T_HA    Target Hardware Address (*)
T_L32   Target L32  (* same as Target IPv4 address for ARP)
T_NID   Target Node Identifier (8 bytes)
The changed OP code indicates that this is ILNPv4 and not IPv4.  The
semantics and usage of the ILNPv4 ARP Request are identical to the
existing ARP Request (OP code 2), except that the ILNPv4 ARP Request
is sent only by nodes that support ILNPv4.
The field descriptions marked with "*" should have the same values as
for ARP as used for IPv4.
2.2.  ILNPv4 ARP Reply Packet Format
The ILNPv4 ARP Reply is an extended version of the widely deployed
ARP Reply (OP code 2).  For experimentation purposes, the ILNPv4 ARP
Request OP code uses decimal value 25.  It is important to note that
decimal value 25 is a pre-defined, shared-use experimental OP code
for ARP [RFC5494], and is not uniquely assigned to ILNPv4 ARP
Requests.  The ILNPv4 ARP Reply extension permits the Node Identifier
(NID) values to be carried in the ARP message, in addition to the
node's 32-bit Locator (L32) values [RFC6742].
Figure 2.2: ILNPv4 ARP Reply packet format
semantics and usage of the ILNPv4 ARP Reply are identical to the
existing ARP Reply (OP code 2), except that the ILNPv4 ARP Reply is
sent only by nodes that support ILNPv4.
2.3.  Operation and Implementation of ARP for ILNPv4
The operation of ARP for ILNPv4 is almost identical to that for IPv4.
Essentially, the key differences are:
a) where an IPv4 ARP Request would use IPv4 addresses, an ILNPv4
ARP Request MUST use:
1. a 32-bit L32 value (_L32 suffixes in Figures 2.1 and 2.2)
2. a 64-bit NID value (_NID suffixes in Figures 2.1 and 2.2)
b) where an IPv4 ARP Reply would use IPv4 addresses, an ILNPv4 ARP
Reply MUST use:
As the OP codes 24 and 25 are distinct from ARP for IPv4, but the
packet formats in Figures 2.1 and 2.2 are, effectively, extended
versions of the corresponding ARP packets.  It should be possible to
implement this extension of ARP by extending existing ARP
implementations rather than having to write an entirely new
implementation for ILNPv4.  It should be emphasised, however, that OP
codes 24 and 25 are for experimental use as defined in [RFC5494], and
so it is possible that other experimental protocols could be using
these OP codes concurrently.
Security considerations for the overall ILNP architecture are
described in [RFC6740].  Additional common security considerations
applicable to ILNP are described in [RFC6741].  This section
describes security considerations specific to the specific ILNPv4
topics discussed in this document.
The existing widely deployed Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for
IPv4 is a link-layer protocol, so it is not vulnerable to off-link
attackers.  In this way, it is a bit different than IPv6 Neighbor
Discovery (ND); IPv6 ND is a subset of the Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP), which runs over IPv6.
However, ARP does not include any form of authentication, so current
ARP deployments are vulnerable to a range of attacks from on-link
nodes.  For example, it is possible for one node on a link to forge
an ARP packet claiming to be from another node, thereby "stealing"
the other node's IPv4 address.  [RFC5227] describes several of these
risks and some measures that an ARP implementation can use to reduce
the chance of accidental IPv4 address misconfiguration and also to
detect such misconfiguration if it should occur.
This extension does not change the security risks that are inherent
in using ARP.
In situations where additional protection against on-link attackers
is needed (for example, within high-risk operational environments),
the IEEE standards for link-layer security [IEEE-802.1-AE] SHOULD be
implemented and deployed.
Implementers of this specification need to understand that the two OP
code values used for these 2 extensions are not uniquely assigned to
ILNPv4.  Other experimenters might be using the same two OP code
values at the same time for different ARP-related experiments.
Absent prior coordination among all users of a particular IP
subnetwork, different experiments might be occurring on the same IP
subnetwork.  So, implementations of these two ARP extensions ought to
be especially defensively coded.
This document makes no request of IANA.
If in the future the IETF decided to standardise ILNPv4, then
allocation of unique ARP OP codes for the two extensions above would
be sensible as part of the IETF standardisation process.
5.  References
[IEEE-802.1-AE] IEEE, "Media Access Control (MAC) Security", IEEE
Standard 802.1 AE, 18 August 2006, IEEE, New York,
NY, 10016, USA.
[RFC826]        Plummer, D., "Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol:
Or Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48.bit
Ethernet Address for Transmission on Ethernet
Hardware", STD 37, RFC 826, November 1982.
[RFC2119]       Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
[RFC5227]       Cheshire, S., "IPv4 Address Conflict Detection", RFC
5227, July 2008.
[RFC5494]       Arkko, J. and C. Pignataro, "IANA Allocation
Guidelines for the Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP)", RFC 5494, April 2009.
[RFC6740]       Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Identifier Locator
Network Protocol (ILNP) Architectural Description",
[RFC6741]       Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Identifier-Locator
Network Protocol (ILNP) Engineering and
Implementation Considerations", RFC 6741, November
[RFC6742]       Atkinson, R., Bhatti, S., and S. Rose, "DNS Resource
Records for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol
(ILNP)", RFC 6742, November 2012.
[RFC6745]       Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti,  "ICMP Locator Update
Message for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol
for IPv4 (ILNPv4)", RFC 6745, November 2012.
[RFC6746]       Atkinson, R. and S.Bhatti, "IPv4 Options for the
Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP)", RFC
6746, November 2012.
Atkinson & Bhatti             Experimental                     [Page 10]
[RFC4984]       Meyer, D., Ed., Zhang, L., Ed., and K. Fall, Ed.,
"Report from the IAB Workshop on Routing and
Addressing", RFC 4984, September 2007.
[RFC6743]       Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "ICMPv6 Locator Update
Message", RFC 6743, November 2012.
[RFC6744]       Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "IPv6 Nonce Destination
Option for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol
[RFC6748]       Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Optional Advanced
Deployment Scenarios for the Identifier-Locator
Network Protocol (ILNP)", RFC 6748, November 2012.
6.  Acknowledgements
Steve Blake, Stephane Bortzmeyer, Mohamed Boucadair, Noel Chiappa,
Wes George, Steve Hailes, Joel Halpern, Mark Handley, Volker Hilt,
Paul Jakma, Dae-Young Kim, Tony Li, Yakov Rehkter, Bruce Simpson,
Robin Whittle, and John Wroclawski (in alphabetical order) provided
review and feedback on earlier versions of this document.  Steve
Blake provided an especially thorough review of an early version of
the entire ILNP document set, which was extremely helpful.  We also
wish to thank the anonymous reviewers of the various ILNP papers for
their feedback.
Roy Arends provided expert guidance on technical and procedural
aspects of DNS issues.
RJ Atkinson
San Jose, CA,
EMail: rja.lists@gmail.com
SN Bhatti
North Haugh, St Andrews,
Fife  KY16 9SX
EMail: saleem@cs.st-andrews.ac.uk


As many of you Scrappers and Crafters know, Blitsy is having an awesome giveaway going on right now. Blitsy had been adding "Golden Scissors" to random Blitsy orders placed between November 8 and Cyber Monday, December 1st. (I feel there should be a insert of percussion's every time I say "The Golden Scissors"). Only 100 scissors are going to be sent to some lucky crafters and scrapers.
Along with placing in random orders, they had some other fun ways to snag "The Golden Scissors", they had a video blog hop, random fun-ness and a PJ party the eve of Black Friday. Those girls know how to pull an all nighter. I snagged my "Golden Scissors" (percussion's insert) at the Pj party!
Not only do you snag an awesome Fiskers Scissors, Blitsy gives you $10 in your Blitsy account. Total WIN WIN situation.
Here's my "Golden Scissors" (percussion's again).
There will be a Grand Prize Drawing will have 3 winners!
The Grand Prize Winners will be announced on Christmas morning.
Extra entries can be made for posting to FB, Instagram ( #blitsygoldenscissors!) making a Blog post, and YouTube video. I am trying to convince Olivia into helping make the video. She said she would hold the camera. Little stinker.
So not only did I shop for the first time on Black Friday, (I hope its not bad to shop for yourself). I scored an awesome scissors I will have to fight with my daughter over. I got $10 towards my account, which I know I will use. I got entered into a really fantastic giveaway by an awesome Company that helps feed the addiction to creativity.
This entry was posted in Giveaways and tagged Blitsy. Bookmark the permalink.
Awesome Heather!!! Hoping you win BIG!!!!


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    <title>Uses of Class edu.parkside.cs.checklist.ChecklistRow</title>
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edu.parkside.cs.checklist.ChecklistRow

Uses of Checklist_Row in edu.parkside.cs.checklist

Fields in edu.parkside.cs.checklist declared as Checklist_Row

                            Modifier and Type
                            Field and Description

                            (package private) Checklist_Row

                            Checklist_Item_Create.checklist_row

                            (package private) Checklist_Row

                            Checklist_Create.checklist_row

                            (package private) Checklist_Row

                            Checklist_Item_ListView.passedChecklist

Fields in edu.parkside.cs.checklist with type parameters of type Checklist_Row

                            Modifier and Type
                            Field and Description

                            static android.os.Parcelable.Creator<Checklist_Row>

                            Checklist_Row.CREATOR

Parcelable creator method.

                            (package private) java.util.ArrayList<Checklist_Row>

                            Checklist_ArrayAdapter.list

Methods in edu.parkside.cs.checklist that return Checklist_Row

                            Modifier and Type
                            Method and Description

                            (package private) Checklist_Row

                            Checklist_Create.getChecklistRow()

Getter.

Methods in edu.parkside.cs.checklist that return types with arguments of type Checklist_Row

                            Modifier and Type
                            Method and Description

                            java.util.ArrayList<Checklist_Row>

                            Checklist_Contract_Db_Helper.returnChecklistRows(java.lang.String[] args)

Takes an array of queries.

Methods in edu.parkside.cs.checklist with parameters of type Checklist_Row

                            Modifier and Type
                            Method and Description

                            int
                            Checklist_Contract_Db_Helper.addChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

When passed a Checklist Row object inserts that
                                    object into the Checklist table.

                            int
                            Checklist_Contract_Db_Helper.deleteChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

Removes the provided checklist row from the
                                    Checklist table.

                            static java.lang.String
                            Checklist_Contract.Checklist_Queries.deleteChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

                            static java.lang.String
                            Checklist_Contract.Checklist_Queries.fetchChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

                            static java.lang.String
                            Checklist_Contract.Checklist_Item_Queries.fetchItems(Checklist_Row checklist)

                            static java.lang.String
                            Checklist_Contract.Checklist_Queries.insertChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

                            int
                            Checklist_Contract_Db_Helper.updateChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

Updates the Checklist table with the values of
                                    the Checklist Row object.

                            static java.lang.String
                            Checklist_Contract.Checklist_Queries.updateChecklist(Checklist_Row checklist_row)

Method parameters in edu.parkside.cs.checklist with type arguments of type Checklist_Row

                            Modifier and Type
                            Method and Description

                            private void
                            Checklist_Contract_Db_Helper.populateListWithChecklist(android.database.Cursor cursor,
                                java.util.ArrayList<Checklist_Row> list)

Populates the passed ArrayList with the contents
                                    of the cursor.

                            void
                            Checklist_ArrayAdapter.setList(java.util.ArrayList<Checklist_Row> list)

Resets the lists contents and notifies the
                                    listener that the adapter's contents have changed.

Constructor parameters in edu.parkside.cs.checklist with type arguments of type Checklist_Row

                            Constructor and Description

                            Checklist_ArrayAdapter(android.content.Context context,
                                int resource,
                                java.util.ArrayList<Checklist_Row> objects)

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
How much is Joe Lauzon Worth?
Kenyans247 / Entertainment / Celebrities / How much is Joe Lauzon Worth?
How Much Is Royce White Worth? How Much Is Mickey Mantle Worth? How Much Is Simone Manuel Worth? John F. Kennedy Net Worth How Much Is John F. Kennedy Worth?
How much is Joe Lauzon Worth? by Kenyans247(1): Thu 03, December, 2020 10:21am
Joe Lauzon Net Worth:
Joe Lauzon net worth: Joe Lauzon is an American mixed martial artist who has a net worth of $500 thousand. Joe Lauzon was born in Brockton, Massachusetts in May 1984. He is a lightweight who is a brown belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Lauzon made his professional MMA debut with a win over David Gilrein in February 2004. In October 2004 he won the vacant Combat Zone Lightweight Championship by defeating Mike Brown. Lauzon defeated Joe Ahlert in February 2005 to win the vacant Mass Destruction Lightweight Championship. In April 2006 he won the WFL Grand Prix from Douglas Brown. Joe Lauzon made his UFC debut in September 2006 when he had the Knockout of the Knight defeating Jens Pulver. He had the Submission of the Night over Brandon Melendez in June 2007. Lauzon lost in the Fight of the Night to Kenny Florian in April 2008. He has also had Fight of the Nights against Sam Stout, George Sotiropoulos, Jim Miller twice, Jamie Varner, and Michael Chiesa. Lauzon has also had six Submissions of the Night. In October 2019 he defeated Jonathan Pearce to bring his record to 28-15.
https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/mma-net-worth/joe-lauzon-net-worth/
How Much Is David Thompson Worth? How Much Is Roman Reigns Worth? How Much Is Jimmy White Worth? How Much Is Gilles Villeneuve Worth?
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text:
Elway: Won't close door on adding a veteran QB
866dJeff Legwold
10hSarah Barshop
18hTim McManus
10hNick Wagoner
10hJohn Keim
Source: WR Bryant applies for reinstatement
35mDan Graziano
John Elway: 'Possibility' that Broncos add veteran quarterback
Jeff LegwoldESPN Senior Writer
Covered Broncos for nine years for Denver Post and Rocky Mountain News
Previously covered Steelers, Bills and Titans
Member of Pro Football Hall of Fame Board
of Selectors since 1999
INDIANAPOLIS -- These days, when people say "veteran quarterback'' to Denver Broncos executive vice president of football operations/general manager John Elway, they usually mean Dallas Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo.
By league rules, Elway can't talk about Romo or any other player under contract with another team, but with Romo expected to be released by the Cowboys at some point in the coming weeks, Elway still wouldn't slam the door Wednesday on the possibility of acquiring a veteran quarterback. But Elway added it's not a decision about just the 2017 season but "two or three years down the road.''
Asked at the scouting combine if the team intended to add a veteran quarterback to the mix with Trevor Siemian and Paxton Lynch, Elway said:
"I'll say we're going to look at all the options -- once they become available, we're going to look at all the options,'' Elway said. "If it's best for the Denver Broncos, if it's best for this team, because it's not only about winning next year but also what it does for the future too. All those things will come in the discussion. Once we get to that point, we know where we are, we'll kick the tires and do our homework on everything and make the best decision for the Broncos.''
Elway also said the Broncos wanted a player at quarterback that "we could hang our hat on for a long, long time.'' Asked if the Broncos could add a veteran quarterback for the short term and still keep both the 25-year-old Siemian and the 23-year-old Lynch on the roster to both develop, Elway added:
"Yes, that's a possibility, I'm not going to say that's not a possibility. At this point in time, everything's a possibility.''
Elway and Broncos coach Vance Joseph have consistently said through the offseason that Siemian and Lynch would compete in training camp to be the team's starting quarterback. Elway and Joseph also have said that if the team expended some resources to make the offense better overall, it would improve Siemian's or Lynch's chances to be successful in the Broncos' pursuit of a playoff spot.
And the future of the two players will enter in any decision the Broncos make once free agency opens. Romo and Buffalo Bills quarterback Tyrod Taylor -- both still under contract with their teams -- are usually the most discussed veteran quarterbacks as possibilities for the Broncos.
"That's a concern: Does it stunt their growth?'' Elway said of Lynch and Siemian. "Where does it put those guys? How do they handle it? And all those type of questions come into the discussion if we were to go down to that road. How does it affect those young guys? How does it affect their reps? Are they still going to continue to get better or is that going to impede their growth?
"Those are things that are under consideration and [we] think about if we're going to bring in a veteran or not.''
For his part, Romo will turn 37 later this month and has played in just five games combined over the past two seasons.
Told the prevailing wisdom by many in the league is that the Broncos would be in the mix to add a veteran quarterback, Elway laughed and said, "Well, I guess I should.''


The US should show Taliban that there would be no withdrawal until they discard their militia status and become a political party. Afghanistan under Taliban shouldn't be an option this time!
Hybrid war is the latest buzzword in the corridors of power. Is Pakistan really in the throes of a fifth generation war?


text:
Joanna Moncrieff
Books, papers and blogs by Joanna Moncrieff
Talks/Events
Critical Psychiatry Network
The Critical Psychiatry Network (CPN) is a network primarily for psychiatrists, psychiatric trainees and medical students with an interest in psychiatry. We work mainly though the website and the mailing list.
On the site you will find papers and documents written by members of the Critical Psychiatry Network in response to consultation documents from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in England (NICE). You will also find responses to documents from other organisations, including the British Government's consultation process that lead to the 2008 amendment to the 1983 Mental Health Act.
There is also an extensive list of members' publications. You can download many of these from our site, but some articles are links to other sites. There are also sections for news, a forum for discussion, and news of events that may be of interest.
We encourage sympathetic non psychiatrists to join the Hearing Voices Network at http://www.hearing-voices.org/.
We also strongly recommend Duncan Double's Critical Psychiatry Blog at http://criticalpsychiatry.blogspot.com/
Further information about Critical Psychiatry can be found on the Wikipedia site.
36 thoughts on "Critical Psychiatry Network"
Luke bryan tickets 2013 says:
Excellent article. Difficult to find a post of the quality.
Julia Catto says:
Please can someone tell me HOW I CAN LOCATE A CRITICAL PSYCHIATRIST in the UK where I could go with my adult autistic son who is being bombarded with unnecessary medication which we need to counter. This is a desperate plea for the help & advice which is proving elusive. Thanks…
joannamoncrieff says:
Dear Julia,
it is very difficult for psychiatrists to see people from other areas. For starters I always suggest that people ask around (e.g. other service users and carers) to see if there is a psychiatrist in the local service who would give a sensible and sympathetic opinion. Best of luck.
Don't touch harmful 'medication' drugs with a bargepole any permanent damage will be systematically denied. He may be temporarily calmer but then stress hormone balance will be even worse. I have been in all the child mental hospitals special needs schools and now volunteer among kids with Autism which is actually very similair I think they use the same 'medication' drugs. The doctors used to bribe my mum with 'if we do this now maybe one day he will be able to have an adult life' I have no adult life now all taken from me I can't even tell you what it was like but the damage only got worse after the cold turkey it's been 5 years gps say I legitimately have 20 'separate' physical problems that I should take more drugs for. Yeah right! I wish god could save me
Thanks for response. I continue to fight for my son because I feel he is locked in a web of lies & nobody believes how negatively my son has been affected by years of antipsychotics: instead those 'in command' assume this is the way he has always been, which is infuriating, because the lively, quirky, yet essentially balanced person I remember has morphed into a person whose mental equilibrium is frail, & worst of all, he is tortured by the hearing of voices, something comparatively recently acquired & a curse on his life which he never ever had before the unremitting use of antipsychotics, prescribed by a blinkered old-school psychiatrist who refuses to budge.
Now in his forties, Andrew, Asperger's-autistic, (& not his real name) has acquired both bladder & bowel problems which gastro-enterologists have inferred are largely medication-led. Intuition told me that these drugs were gradually changing Andrew, so when I read Joanna Moncrieff's 'The Bitterest Pills' & all those intuitions were confirmed before my eyes in black & white, I felt shocked to the core.
I would do anything to be able to spring Andrew out of this – to me – unethical insistence on toxic drugs which have done nothing but adversely affect him. Why is there not a national outcry? Someone should instigate a campaign which spreads the word loud & clear that many patients utterly fail to benefit from antipsychotics; worse than this, they are actually made far more long-term mentally ill. A system that allows this to happen is a disgrace & needs exposing. If anyone can help me in my fight please get in touch.
john dempsey says:
Julia, have you looked into Fecal Microbial Transplantation? It sounds unpleasant but I understand there is very positive results.
My husband was misdiagnosed and put on Seroquel and Thorazine for 6 years. He is now off them for 2 years and cant sleep and has constant debilitating racing thoughts. We are at the end of our rope. He is taking sleep meds right now but his sleep is off and on. Is there a Dr. who can help my husband? One who understands the lasting after affects of going off these and can help? We are in Los Angeles, CA, USA.
david13224anincipientearthscienceteacher says:
I too live in the USA. I'd like to join the group "hearing voices" but I don't hear voices, though I subscribe to anti-psychiatry. I was diagnosed, have been taking meds for some time, and have withdrawn from about 60% of my last neuroleptic. I now fault my life's persist trials on these drugs, as I'm more clear then I've been before, however still suffer from withdrawal and effects that the drugs gave me. They are neurotoxins.
Dr. Moncreiff, I am at a crossroads. I've seen Peter Breggin in Ithaca, NY, though he was unable or unwilling to help me with my withdrawal (5 sessions), he advised to maintain a loving relationship and keep growing. I have great admiration for him and his life's work, though in our therapy, we weren't conducive for one another. I still have insomnia and can't find a good holistic doctor to help me. I expect my symptoms from the drugs over 29 years will persist for years, perhaps until I pass from this world.
Can you offer me any advise about detox, med withdrawal (other than the pace needs to be excruciatingly slow). Do you think chelation therapy detox is a good idea or not?
There is a resource support website for patients that explains what the problems in life have been and patients also speak out for better rights and care . CLICK . http://www.psychiatric-patients-speak-out.org.uk
NHS Mental Ward Staff . A Number of Patients . Psychiatrists . describe Modern Day 2015 Mental Care problems & greater health improvements for the future . There is also a LINK the World Museum of Psychiatry . Please check the Support . CLICK . http://www.psychiatric-patient-stories.org.uk
Psychiatry Modern Day 2015 Issues ( Go To . Test Forum 1 ) CLICK . http://www.tameside-opt-in.org.uk/forum.html
Where can I find information about the 'booster' effect supposedly provided by lithium on my antidepressant (Amitriptyline). I have now read that the serotonin imbalance theory is rubbish, so what does lithium is exactly supposing to boost? Thank you.
There is no 'booster' effect. There are some randomised trials showing that lithium marginally improves depression rating scale scores in people who have not responded to antidepressants alone. There are many possible explanations for this, including publication bias and psychological effects, and differences are small, in any case. Suggestions about what lithium might be doing in this situation are speculative.
Thank you Joanna for replying. The 'booster effect' is what my psychiatrist told me lithium would do. The other day, he told me that he could start me on an antipsychotic (at low dose) to also 'boost' my antidepressant. I told him that I won't go near an antipsychotic in any shape or form, after my very distressing experience with Quetiapine. Some years back, my French GP had told me not to touch this class of drugs even with a barge pole, so I now understand what he meant.
I have started reading your book (The myth of the chemical cure) which is enlightening. Yesterday evening I checked the leaflet included in my box of Amitriptyline and it says: 'These medicines [tricyclic antidepressant drugs] alter the levels of chemicals in the brain to relieve the symptoms of depression.' (Actavis). So despite the (lack of) evidence, the chemical imbalance is still officially used by pharmaceutical companies…
Hi Joanna Moncrieff . What do you have to say concerning this new release of BBC News tonight . Already explained some years ago & modern times critical psychiatrist members saying that there were mistakes with peoples lives that were obviously messed up to the limit of Death . THOUGH . is this a breakthrough or yet another what is said to be an Accident of History with obvious controlled & wasted lives . CLICK . http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/live/bbcone?rewindTo=current . PLEASE if could check this Research do give answers . Thank You
A new local resource website was established a few months ago that genuinely give's Non Medically Toxic care to people affected with life difficulties . Where the people have choice & decision if they wish to attend . ( test forum 1 ) CLICK . http://www.tameside-opt-in.net/forum.html
Hi Joanna Moncrieff . Sadly for reasons beyond my own control I have been re – detained . That . OBVIOUSLY . could have been avoided with my genuine Father around to stop my subjectively damaging Mother pushing me into psychiatry almost 30 years ago .
Greater issues explained via . CLICK . http://www.patientprotect-health.org.uk
Twitter Panel
What research has been made to find . Why . Some of the psychiatric patients commit issues of self harm . Then . Would healing & somewhat genuine self belief and self value psychology help if supported with progress classes .
Have you any ideas of what would help the psychiatric patients with these health care needs .
Please do relay any practical and genuine ideas .
Thank You Mega
Hi Joanna Moncrieff . Hope the Trinity Uni Conference at LEEDS could be available via the Critical Psychiatry Network . LINK .
A few psychiatric patients . Computer & Mobile . websites were established some with help of psychiatric patients & families of psychiatric patients .
CLICK . http://www.mental-patient-stories.org.uk
CLICK . http://www.mental-institutions.org.uk
CLICK . http://www.mindfreedom.uk
Please take note of the issues with . Health Problems & Tragic Life Chances . for some of our People .
Dear Gaz,
thanks for the links. I will ask the organisers about making the Leeds Trinity conference available, or at least parts of it.
Dear Joanna
I have had earache for over 2 years and seen many specialists to no avail. The ear ache was caused by a loud music bang. Recently my doctor has suggested I have neuralgia and prescribed me with "amitriptyline". Having seen a video of yours I am very skeptical about taking any drugs. What is your take on this drug? What alternatives do I have to solving neuralgia?
Lorraine V says:
Joanna Moncrieff is one of the few truly honest psychiatrists out there.
Anne Watmough says:
I have been prescribed anti psychotics for 45 years. In 2006 I decided I wanted to be drug free when I realized if i changed my whole lifestyle and my needs were met then I would never have another psychotic episode. Since 2010 I have made my long fight having to deal with psychiatrists and the affects the long term taking of neuroleptics has had on my brain and body and coping with withdrawal symptoms and persuading my MHT and psychiatrist to actually agree to help me. My psychiatrist didn't want the hassle of assisting me to become drug free and my nurses didn't know even how to begin to make the reduction safely. I in the end consulted Dr David Healy who in his opinion recommended because I was under the impression I had brain damage advised the use of a further drug clopixol instead of actually taking me off the Haldol I was on completely. My long and painful hazardous journey since 2010 and battling for the right to become drug free and be in control what actually goes into my body has left me at this stage I haven't had any medication for 54 days. I asked I have the drug reduced 3 years ago by 1mg a month and persuaded by new psychiatrist to agree to this. Then I decided to level out and continue for a few months with having a dosage of 50mg injection a fortnight. I recently asked to have it reduced by taking a 50mg injection once a month. Now it has been 53 days since I had the drug. It has been a trial and error journey and I have been doing this alone. It has been a long and lonely isolating time in my life. Also I have had to live with the fact that my son is caught up in psychiatry and is now prescribed the very drug Haldol I have been attempting all these years to be free from. I have watched him go down hill and deteriorate. I am aware of the history of psychiatry how it got to its present state and how long these doctors have been allowed to prescribe these harmful toxins to vulnerable people who have been damaged, tortured and who have lost their fight for their sanity in the end and died. I call this 'The Silent Holocaust'. I am aware of the current review of the mental health act in the UK have read it and am aware nothing will change. That even Advance Directives are not incorporated and given prominent importance when a patients care plan is carried out. The rights of the vulnerable are dismissed when doctors are in control of their lives and who have the power to detain them against their will and take away freedom and force medication upon them in corrupt institutions that have existed since the last world war ended and even before. This isn't something that has just come about and people haven't been aware of. This system of corruption has been going on for decades 6 since the last world war ended which I might add only took place for 5 years until it was ended. Psychiatrists have been getting away with torturing maiming and killing people for generations. It is all part and parcel of psychiatric history and still exists in present day. The only difference to what is happening at present is that there are a few enlightened doctors who have a moral conscience and are attempting change. I attended the Mental Health Today conference in Cardiff last week. I contacted Sir Simon Wessly and he sent me a copy of the reviewed mental health act. I left the conference knowing nothing had changed. I read the review and realized the rights of people like myself would be dismissed. Despite the efforts of people like Johanna Moncreif and others because parliament and government decide by law about the rights and welfare of people like myself then the corruption will continue. Unless the law is changed to such a degree people like myself are given our human right to decide our fate then the horror and corruption will continue. Nothing will change and ever is likely too. It is the law and those who suffer madness that has to change. In fact the laws when it comes to deciding the fate of people like myself should be completely and totally abolished from society. Law should never come into it. I am now on my journey free from drugs and free from psychiatry for the rest of my life however long that might be.
I am so sorry to hear about your experiences, and especially that no one would help you with your choice to reduce and get off antipsychotic medication. It is terrible that psychiatrists will not support people to make decisions about what goes into their own bodies, especially when people, like you, are trying to do that in a responsible way (reducing slowly and gradually). I hope it works out for you. Best wishes, Joanna
Thank you so much Joanna and also for what you are doing as one of the pioneers of change that is the beginning of freedom for people who have the misfortune to suffer psychological overwhelm and in the future you will go down in history as a person who fought for the rights of vulnerable people whose voice was never heard.
HI Joanna, thank you for your kind words to my comment last year. A few days ago I was listening to you speak as a guest on the Dr Breggin radio program and I heard you talk about research you were doing here in the UK on people attempting to come off medication. I have been taking medication of all categories since I was a young woman and I am now old in fact I have been taking medication for 45 years. I find I am still a treatment resistant patient and have been revolving doors for a lifetime in and out of hospital due to my response to stress and adverse life events. I feel that hospital does in fact do me no service and although I did manage to become drug free for three months the nurse supporting me retired, and my therapist retired and my son broke contact with me for some unexplained reason which left me totally without support and isolated. I now have another supportive nurse and a support worker who visit me twice a week and have the option of consulting a new therapist online. My relationship with my son is back on track and we once again are very close and support one another.
What I am proposing is to offer myself as a candidate for your research and wondered if you would consider me?
I would appreciate any response you can give and realize that this could be not possible, although I still live in hope of one day becoming drug free.
David Ruppel says:
Anne, I think you're a very courageous, compassionate, and clearly a well informed, and intelligent lady. I appreciated the history lesson, sincerely. Kudos to you. Perhaps ironic as it all seems, neuroleptics damage in hideous and insidious ways, but they sometimes don't completely deprive us of our reasoning, and our ability to decipher what has most unfortunately happened to us, despite the corruption and insanity of all of this. Here's hope, as we pursue a healthier way of life.
Hi, my son, who has an intellectual disability, was on aripiprazole from the age of 11 until 22 to minimize/control aggressive outbursts, not for any psychosis. The medication was stopped abruptly (unplanned), with no resultant aggressive behavior, but he became unusually docile after about four weeks and then began having psychotic delusions after about six weeks off of it. He became completely out of control, and we had to resume aripiprazole at a higher dose and add risperadone to limit the extreme delusions. He has now been on this new medication regimen for six weeks, and continues to have conversations with people who aren't there and at times not recognize family members or reality. I'm wondering whether you have any insight as to how long we can expect it to take for him to get back to his baseline, and how long we should wait before beginning a very gradual weaning schedule. Thank you for any information.
Dear Cheryl,
there is no data on this, so I really can't say. The important thing is to do any future reduction very gradually, as you already know. Joanna
Thank you for taking the time to answer. I guess time will tell.
I think so often we focus too much on getting rid of the problem rather than trying to instil the opposite. So for example, we think of trying to get rid of "depression" rather than instilling "hope" – which by dictionary definition is the opposite. In my experience healing works by replacement not omission. My journey off medication was through finding hope. Obviously this is a more serious issue if delusions are involved. However "Hope" heals all kinds of wounds.
Dear Joanna,
When families have had poor treatment and devastating consequences after loved ones sectioned, where meds and restraint has made psychosis and bipolar worse. Where do families go for advice when trying to avoid MH services that have let their loved ones down. Double edged sword knowing the side effect of anti psychotic meds meds and potential for relapse, yet know loved one needs help to reduce paranoia, change behaviour, slow down without too many side effects.Is there any where to access medication advice for people and families what medications to take when hypomania has tipped to mania and psychosis.?
Estelle Sagan says:
Hello, I am French and I have taken a lot of neuroleptics to treat depression. Doctors made different diagnoses each time. Basically, they didn't know what I was suffering from and they drugged me with drugs. In France, psychiatrists do not know how to treat without giving neuroleptics to everything. Could you give me the name of a psychiatrist in France who shares your ideas, please? I thank you in advance for the help you can give me. Sincerely.
Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator
I am sorry to hear this. Unfortunately I don't know any psychiatrists in France likely to share my views on drug treatment.
Thank you very much for your answer. In fact, I have been psychologically abused by my twin sister since childhood. She's a perverse narcissist, she tries to dominate and destroy me. I can't protect myself from her, that's what makes me depressed. All the therapies I've been able to do have been useless. The psychiatrists thought I was delirious about persecution while I was suffering real violence. Could you tell me what to do, please? Thank you in advance for the help you can give me.
My son has been on rispond (1 mg. per day.) for about 8 years. Now I have gradually ended his treatment, but he acts now as if he has brain damage. He seems to be basically in control of himself, buts does all kinds stupid things and seems to want to bother us in every possible way. My wife simply insists he return to the drug rispond, but I feel he is damaged by this and is not cured. What can be done to change the acting of my son, instead of drugs ?
Dear Irwin, I can't advise and he would need a proper assessment. Some behavioural training might help by the sounds of things. If someone has been heavily medicated for a long time, it may take them some time to learn other ways to cope with life.
Critical Psychiatry Network website
What does 'relapse' mean? Definitions used in long-term antipsychotic treatment trials are inconsistent and unclear.
What can Game of Thrones teach us about moral philosophy?
The uniqueness of life: a review of Peter Hacker's "Human Nature: the Categorial Framework" and its implications for the mind-body problem and our understanding of mental disorder
Persistent withdrawal and lasting damage from prescribed drugs
Results of the primary outcome of the STAR-D trial are finally presented and look dismal.
Drug Effects (16)


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Ensuring balance in your life, through spiritual guidance
Home Healing Working from home bliss or horror?
Working from home bliss or horror?
by alicia June 15, 2021
Working from a blessing or horror
During these times with Corona, the way we work has changed so much. I have talked to so many who are just in a different place. Work has changed everything from before this whole virus shut downtime.
I, for one, love the days with my husband at home. Having him there, within reach, is one of the best things in life. For us, it has been amazing.
I have talked to people in other countries who are also happy with the way things are. They have their husband or wife at home and not commuting to and from work. One woman told me that she gets to relax more because she is not all alone in everything during the day. She said lunch with children and husband every day was such a gift. Some find they are much more productive, not sitting in a large office with noise all around them. Whoever invented these big open offices are not thinking about how not all of us are working great in noise.
Some have discovered that they don't even like the thought of going back to work. It is horrifying to think of traveling and work away from home.
I love hearing these stories, but there is another side to the story too.
Even though it is nice having people around at home, there is the working side. Those who get a lot more done have another problem. They often work both day and night. It might be that they have lunch with the family, but then they must go back to work.
One woman told me her husband works until 7 or even 10 at night and all day too. So he is more productive because he put in many more hours. He would usually come home at 5.30 and just be back and turn off work, but now he is online with emails, calls, and problems to solve until late at night and sometimes even working until midnight.
He checks his phone all the time, and never takes a break.
The sad part is it is not unusual at all. I hear this from a lot of people too. They want to show they are on top of things and then work round the clock.
It is a whole new level of stressing out employees and families. Do I think bosses are horrible and push their employees? Not really. I am sure some are, but most are not. I don't think they know just how stressed these families are, and how much people work. If most of them said they are now offline and not working at night, I am sure most bosses would say nothing.
One woman I know had been teaching online 40+ hours a week and doing a great job when her boss told her as a part of a sentence because we are only working part-time these days. She was in chock because she had in no way been working part-time, but the communication as to what hours when had not been excellent, so both thought they were supposed to do differently.
I think one of the most important things to remember is that communication must be at the top of any list when working from home.
Another woman told me she had heard from her immediate boss, but nothing from the management of the company for more than two months. She had no idea what they were thinking or not thinking. The silence dumbfounded her because they were her guideline in the business.
Communication is vital in any relationship with another person, and that goes for business too. Without communication and relation, there is no way it can work to the fullest potential.
Have you changed the way you work?
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The animal compositions, brimming with lions, tigers, and all kinds of animals are often filled with humor. His most famous work, "Arc of Noa," was so successful that it appeared on a German postcard that sold 50,000 copies.
His paintings are from the Naif school and are well controlled and very detailed. He didn't have any formal art training and he considers himself a self-taught artist. Merise works very carefully so that it takes a long time to finish each canvas. His work reflects his joy of life. Merise lives with his family in Port-au-Prince. His second daughter is studying to be a painter. He has exhibited in Japan, Europe, the U. S. and the Caribbean.


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I, Cartagia: a mad emperor in Babylon 5 and his historical antecedents
Tony Keen
Caligula is probably the most obvious comparison, hence why I had that name reflect that sound a little bit. I wanted someone who you would be very much in fear of, not because he was rampaging around screaming all the time, but because he was completely and totally arbitrary. (J. Michael Straczynski, quoted in Jane Killick, Babylon 5: No Surrender, No Retreat (New York 1998), p. 36)
The science-fiction TV series Babylon 5, created and overseen by J. Michael Straczynski, ran from 1992 to 1998. It has been much praised for its multi-themed story. One of these themes is, to be pretentious for a moment, the decline and fall of the Centauri Republic, an interstellar state that, whilst still one of the five major players in the galaxy (the others being the Earth Alliance, the Vorlon Empire, the Minbari Federation and the Narn Regime) is far past its better days when first encountered in the initial pilot movie ('The Gathering'). Over the five years of the series, the Centauri briefly regain their ascendancy, and reconquer their traditional enemies, the Narn - but the actions taken to achieve this in the end lead to the Centauri homeworld's own occupation and near-destruction. (Frustratingly, the final conclusion of the Centauri story line is never shown on screen. In the fifth season, the planet is overrun by the Drakh, and this is still the case in the flash forward some seventeen years into the future seen in the third season episode 'War Without End', where Londo Mollari, the chief Centauri character in the series, and by this point emperor, appeals for help from Captain Sheridan. Presumably from the peaceful appearance of Londo's successor as emperor, his former assistant Vir, in the final episode, 'Sleeping in Light', the viewer can deduce that the situation has been resolved, but how this happens is not revealed onscreen. Three novels by Peter David, in Babylon 5: Legions of Fire, The Long Night of Centauri Prime (1999), Armies of Light and Dark (2000) and Out of the Darkness (2000), all of which are considered canonical, tell the whole story.)
The Centauri Republic borrows much of its political machinery from ancient Rome, as others have noted (Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn, 'Rewriting the Past in the Future in Straczynski's Babylon 5', in Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn (eds.), The Parliament of Dreams: Conferring on Babylon 5 (1998), p. 8). So it proclaims itself as a Republic, with all the implications of democracy and anti-monarchism that term carries, yet is presided over by an emperor (compare the Vorlon 'empire', which appears to be a much more communal state, with decisions based on consensus and a lack of individuality amongst the Vorlons). The Centauri emperor, in theory, is responsible to the Centarum, the equivalent of the Roman Senate. Important families in the Republic compete to place their own favoured candidate upon the imperial throne. This is possibly derived from the machinations of the Late Roman Republic, where important families competed for influence, and eventually for monarchic dominance. James and Mendlesohn's example is that "suicide is the favoured option for those accused of treason". What the Centauri empire does not have, however, is the sort of powerful women who feature in popular depictions of the first century ad Roman empire, like Livia, Messalina and Agrippina - and now Atia in the television series Rome. The most important female seen is the Emperor Turhan's third wife, in the third season episode 'Point of No Return'. She is a quasi-religious figure and prophetess, who speaks for he deceased husband, but seems to wield no actual power herself - one is reminded of imperial women in the later Christian period, such as Constantine the Great's mother Helena or Theodosius II's sister Pulcheria, both of whom devoted themselves to the Church. Other than that, high-status Centauri women seem to be pawns in dynastic marriages.
I would not, in any case, mean to suggest that Rome is the only model for the Centauri Republic. Other influences that can be seen include the later years of the Ottoman empire (the first emperor seen, Turhan, in the second-season episode 'The Coming of Shadows', is actually played by an actor of Turkish descent). Eighteenth-century Tsarist Russia seems to be another, especially for costumes. In this latter context the Austro-Hungarian empire has also been mentioned (James and Mendlesohn, loc. cit.), whilst it has been suggested to me that the extravagant hairstyles, which have similarities to the display plumage of birds, are derived from the elaborate oriental coiffures seen in The Mikado.
At the beginning of the fourth season (1996), in the episode 'The Hour of the Wolf', the emperor Cartagia, the nephew of previous emperor Turhan, is introduced, and appears in the next four episodes. As noted in the quote from Straczynski above, Cartagia's name is deliberately reminiscent of that of the Roman emperor popularly known as Caligula (though strictly speaking he should be called the emperor Gaius), and the use of such a name, again as Straczynski admits, hints at his character. Certainly, the historical Caligula saw no need to cloak his autocratic power in the forms of constitutional government, as his predecessors Augustus and Tiberius had; and this is a trait also found in Cartagia.
The picture of Caligula as a monster goes back to the Roman biographer Suetonius, writing in the second century ad, about a century after Caligula's life. Together with his contemporary, the historian Tacitus (whose own account of Caligula is lost), Suetonius helped create the tradition of mad and/or evil emperors such as Tiberius, Caligula and Nero, a tradition to which later emperors such as Commodus were accommodated, and which was perpetuated through Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (published between 1776 and 1788), Victorian literature and twentieth-century films and television. It is one that has been used before in science fiction; for instance the Judge Cal character in 2000AD's 'Judge Dredd' comic strip, who parallels Caligula's appointing his horse to the senate by making his favourite goldfish a Mega-City Judge. The character of Cartagia as depicted in Babylon 5 appears particularly influenced by more modern interpretations. Two major portrayals are probably most important.
Jay Robinson played Caligula in the 1953 film The Robe and its 1954 sequel Demetrius and the Gladiators. In the first film, Caligula is an antagonist of Richard Burton's central character, but only becomes emperor at the end. Thus it is in Demetrius that the emperor's descent into madness is most firmly established, in particular with regard to Caligula's sense of his own divinity. There is a memorable scene where Caligula wanders the corridors of his palace, pointing out imaginary gods to his uncle Claudius.
The other portrayal of Caligula to take note of is, of course John Hurt's Caligula from the 1976 BBC TV series I, Claudius. Hurt's Caligula is vain, and has the capricious unpredictability that Straczynski has said is the most appealing characteristic of Cartagia for him as a writer (Killick, loc. cit.). This is probably most influential in forming the depiction of Cartagia. Whilst there is no direct evidence that Straczynski had seen the two 1950s epics (though as a culturally well-versed individual, it's entirely possible), there is a clear reference to I, Claudius included in Babylon 5. In 'Falling Towards Apotheosis', Cartagia introduces Mollari to his secret 'council' of the severed heads of senior figures he has had executed. He mentions that one was always coughing, but that he has now cured this (by cutting his head off). This is a clear reference to a scene in I, Claudius, in the episode 'Zeus, by Jove'. Gemellus, co-heir of the previous emperor Tiberius and therefore rival of Caligula, has a persistent cough. Caligula has him executed, and when his severed head is brought into his presence, he tells Claudius "I cured his cough." Straczynski's scene, it should be noted, is a reference to the television adaptation of I, Claudius, as no such parallel appears in Robert Graves' novel (though there is reference made to Gemellus' cough). It is therefore not too fanciful to see in the chaotic and nearly botched assassination of Cartagia in 'The Long Night' an echo of the similar assassination of Caligula at the end of the 'Hail Who?' episode of I, Claudius. (I have to confess that the scene also puts me in mind of the attempted assassination of Julius Caesar in the House of the Vestals in Carry On Cleo - the scene famous for the line "Infamy, infamy, they've all got it in for me". It is probably fanciful to suggest that Straczynski also had this scene in mind.)
Other screen emperors deserve consideration. The third most famous cinematic Caligula, Malcolm McDowell's portrayal in the 1979 Tinto Brass film Caligula, can perhaps be omitted, as there is no clear sign of influence on Babylon 5 (despite Mollari's remark about the teenaged Cartagia trying to look up women's skirt, the adult appears largely uninterested in sex). However, there may well be some influence from other Hollywood mad emperors. Peter Ustinov's Nero from the 1951 film Quo Vadis deserves mention, as he shares much of the vanity and exasperation with mundanity that Cartagia displays. One might also point to Christopher Plummer's Commodus in Fall of the Roman Empire (1964). Another emperor whose name has been suggested to me is the early third-century ruler Elagabalus, who was notorious for his exotic religious practices (he was hereditary priest of the sun god at Emesa in Syria) and bizarre sexual practices. However, there is no iconic cinematic portrayal of Elagabalus.
Of course, part of the reason why one can cite so many precursors is that Hollywood has a tendency to portray one mad emperor in much the same way as the next, with only particular motifs to grant them any individuality - so Caligula has his incest, Nero his lyre, and Commodus his gladiatorial sword. It is therefore not surprising that the Hollywood emperor Cartagia most resembles is one who actually postdates him, Joaquin Phoenix's Commodus in Gladiator (2000), as both are conglomerations of previous imperial depictions.
Cartagia is first mentioned in the second season of Babylon 5, when a conspiracy by Londo Mollari and Lord Refa puts him on the throne after his uncle's death. He is very much treated as a puppet figure when offstage - but when finally appears he proves to be anything but. Instead he is depicted as vain (he is first seen looking into a mirror), capricious, and convinced in his own absolute power. His first conversation with Mollari includes Cartagia saying "The emperor is always right, is he not, Mollari?", to which Mollari can only reply "That is our tradition, majesty." How Cartagia got this way from the puppet of two years before is unclear. Mollari arranged the murder of his former ally Refa in the third-season episode 'And the Rock Cried Out, No Hiding Place'. It has been suggested to me that, freed from the influence of Refa, and with Mollari absent on the Babylon 5 space station, Cartagia could become his own man. If this were the case, then Cartagia's development might parallel that of the Roman emperor Nero, reputedly a good ruler while he remained under the influence of his advisors Seneca and Burrus, but a tyrant once they were removed from the scene. It should, however, be remembered that though 'And the Rock Cried Out, No Hiding Place' and 'The Hour of the Wolf' are in different seasons, they are only actually three episodes apart.
So Cartagia immediately shows his autocratic nature. There are also clear signs of a sycophantic court, full of young hangers-on. Cartagia's madness is swiftly apparent, as it is with depictions of Caligula. This madness is symbolized by the council of severed heads already mentioned. Cartagia is obsessed with his own godhood (which he is offered by the Shadows); again, this is as per Caligula in Demetrius and I, Claudius, but it is also a theme in Ustinov's Nero. Cartagia's plan to use Centauri Prime as ascension pyre, on the other hand, seems Neronian rather than Caligulan. One should compare the Great Fire of Rome and Nero's plans to exploit that to create a monument to his own greatness, as depicted in Quo Vadis.
As far as his character is concerned, Cartagia is shown with a playful (and rather effeminate) nature; this may well be derived from Hurt's Caligula (which is ultimately drawn from Graves). But this is underlied, as noted, by the same capriciousness seen in Hurt's Caligula. This is best illustrated in a scene from 'The Long Night', where, at a party, a jester is caught imitating Cartagia behind his back. There is a moment of tension when it unclear how Cartagia will react, with everyone concerned that there may be a violent reaction. Instead, Cartagia joins in the joke. But the next time the jester is seen, his corpse is being dragged away by imperial guards, after Cartagia has shot him.
Mollari finds himself in the role of Claudius to Cartagia's Caligula, or of Petronius to Nero in Quo Vadis. But where Claudius and Petronius pursue strategies of survival (which in Petronius' case fails, and he takes his own life). Londo has more purpose than mere survival. From the moment of his first encounter with Cartagia, he realizes that Cartagia is dangerous, and aims to remove the monster.
Ultimately Cartagia not a very cleverly-drawn character, ending up as rather a cardboard cut-out. As noted, he is a conglomeration of many previous depictions of emperors, with the only absent theme being incest. Straczynski has commented that the character was fun to write because he was unpredictable. But to an audience familiar with the tropes and the iconography of imperial Rome, he is unsurprising and too predictable. In the jester scene mentioned above, it is all to obvious that the jester will die by the end of the episode. I believe this illustrates one of the flaws of Straczynski's writing. Though he is certainly historically aware as a writer (James and Mendlesohn, op. cit., pp. 1-10), sometimes he is not very historically sophisticated. This is perhaps shown at its worst in the fifth season episode 'A Tragedy of Telepaths'. In this episode, it is discovered that the Narn Na'Toth, former aide to G'Kar, continues to be imprisoned on Centauri Prime after all other Narns have been freed. This is because her imprisonment was by the specific order of Cartagia, and Mollari explains to G'Kar that 'this sort of thing happens in a monarchy'. It might be the sort of thing that would take place in a mediaeval autocracy, but it seems less likely to occur in a bureaucratic constitutional monarchy such as the Centauri empire is supposed to be.
However, to be fair to Straczynski, the five episodes that feature Cartagia come at a time when the demands on Straczynski were particularly intense. As well as overseeing the series in his Executive Producer and Creator roles, he was in the middle of a sixty-four episode non-stop writing stint, that began with 'Confessions and Lamentations' in the second season, and would end with 'Phoenix Rising' in the fifth season (he also wrote the majority of episodes both before and after this - out of 110 episodes only eighteen were written by other authors). Between the end of the third season and the beginning of the fourth, Straczynski had also had to rethink the structure of his planned five-year arc, as it became unclear whether he would get his fifth season, so he was having to condense the important points of his story into a single year. Under these circumstances, perhaps he needed to use a stereotyped characterization, or didn't have time to put more thought into it. And, though Cartagia's similarities to Caligula were already hinted at in the first use of the name in the second season, perhaps had there been more time to develop this aspect of the Centauri storyline (Cartagia's arc runs at a very fast pace through five episodes, especially considering other storylines are being developed at the same time), Cartagia would have been the sort of original character that Straczynski, at his best, is capable of creating.
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Hey, I am currently in Year 11 and don't know which textbook to buy for Year 12.
I will surely be needing a textbook for Maths, Chemistry and Physics but I don't know which one would be the best.
For the science courses should I buy In Focus or Pearson ? I don't mind spending money, as long as I can get good resources to achieve a Band 6. My school doesn't provide physical copies so please let me know.
I heard Pearson was the best for Chemistry, most schools use it too. Personally, I'm not a huge fan of MIF and my school doesn't use it for 3 unit maths either, we use Cambridge and I think Cambridge is better for maths.
Pearson for Chemistry offers the best content.
FYI the maths syllabus is the same as previous years. The new syllabus doesn't kick in until Year 11 2019 (i.e. a year later than the other subjects).
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