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Model Gigi Hadid arrives at the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
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Singer The Weeknd performs onstage during the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
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Host Jennifer Lopez speaks onstage during the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
Actress/Recording artist Jennifer Lopez performs onstage during the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los...
Demi Lovato attends the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
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Jennifer Lopez performs at the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
Host Jennifer Lopez performs onstage during the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
Recording artists Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, Niall Horan and Harry Styles of One Direction attend the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft...
Recording artist Demi Lovato attends the 2015 American Music Awards at Microsoft Theater on November 22, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
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Bike for Humanity April 25th	 PDF
Bill Walton and Friends Inter-Galactic Bike for Humanity event to benefit victims of Coronavirus and healthcare workers set for Saturday, April 25
Basketball Hall of Famer and San Diego native Bill Walton is teaming up with community leaders and Events.com to host an inter-galactic initiative, Bike for Humanity, on Saturday, April 25, 2020 from 9-11 a.m. PT.
One hundred percent (100%) of all net proceeds from the event will benefit victims of the recent Coronavirus pandemic, along with healthcare professionals who have so valiantly treated them during this devastating crisis. Those proceeds will be distributed among four participating nonprofits, Feeding America (feedingamerica.org), the leading organization in the fight against hunger in the United States; Father Joe's Villages (my.neighbor.org), one of the largest homeless services providers in San Diego; #GetUsPPE (getusppe.org), an organization that shares information and connects the community to help healthcare providers receive Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and Champions for Health (championsforhealth.org), a San Diego-based organization whose mission is to improve community health and wellness, access to care for all and support for physicians through engaged volunteerism.
Individuals are encouraged to get out and ride their bikes for up to two hours in an area where they can practice social distancing at a minimum of 6' 11" in honor of Bill's true height (at least the last time he was measured). Current CDC guidelines recommend a minimum of six feet of social distancing in an effort to stem the pandemic. It is CRITICAL to note that Bike for Humanity is NOT a group ride and riding clusters are PROHIBITED due to the Coronavirus. Interested participants can ride anywhere in the galaxy as long as they are in a location where they can practice social distancing.
"I love my bike and I love being alive," said Walton, a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame, of his reasons for helping to create this one-of-a-kind event. "These seemingly inseparable aspects of my life are great privileges, privileges that not everybody has, even in the best of times. However, with that privilege comes responsibility, obligation and duty. And with the global health Coronavirus crisis changing everything for everybody these days, we are doing something about and for the exacerbated challenges that so many of our communities now face, not the least of which are food and medical care."
There is no charge to sign-up or participate in Bike for Humanity. However, there are multiple opportunities to donate and become more involved.
Participants who make a $25 contribution will receive a Bike for Humanity medal through the mail. Those who make a $50 contribution will receive a medal and a T-shirt. Participants who pledge $250 will receive the medal and T-shirt, along with a personally-signed "Thank You" photograph card from Bill, and they'll be entered into an opportunity drawing for exclusive prizes, including Electra bicycles and an all-expenses paid trip to San Diego to ride with Bill. And for $5,000, riders will receive a medal and T-shirt, along with an all-expenses paid trip to San Diego to ride with Bill. Details on all the packages are available HERE. And it's important to note too that for people who are unable to participate on the 25th for any reason, Bike for Humanity is an ongoing initiative and outdoor enthusiasts should be proud to don their Bike for Humanity T-shirts and medals and get out and safely ride their bicycles when conditions allow.
Events.com is planning a live-stream of the event featuring Bill and other interesting people, however it will air on a delay from 1-3 p.m. PT giving participants plenty of time to get home following the ride to watch.
For more information or to register for Bike for Humanity, visit the event's official site, https://www.bikeforhumanity.com/.
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Rassie Erasmus believes that the RWC 2023 will be tough
In Rugby world Cup Tickets, Rugby world Cup Tickets, RWC 2023 Tickets, RWC Tickets, South Africa Rugby World Cup Tickets, Tonga Rugby World Cup Tickets
Rassie Erasmus, the head coach for the Rugby World Cup 2023, claims that they fully expect another battle to the death rather than an open contest. They are conscious of the fact that more work needs to yet be done. Rugby supporters can book South Africa Rugby World Cup Tickets on our website at exclusively discounted prices.
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The Springboks won against Wales on Sunday in Yokohama, advancing them to their third final. Handre Pollard, the fly half, scored the game-winning kick. The final penalty, which was scored with four minutes remaining, was one of four that he also converted.
We have presented ourselves with a chance. We have four recent matches against England, so we are familiar with their style of play, according to Erasmus. They have significantly improved since our last confrontation with them in terms of how they devastated New Zealand.
We believe we have a chance. I'm not certain, but I think a strong game plan and some outstanding tries will win the Rugby World Cup final. It's possible that I'm mistaken or that it is. I believe we'll explore and discover the answer. The 67,750 spectators at Yokohama Stadium saw a defensive brawl after England overcame New Zealand 19-7 in a fast-paced, physically challenging semifinal on Sunday.
According to Erasmus, Wales had to adjust their plan to counteract their opponents' strengths and then try to battle their way to a victory in the RWC 2023. Because of the rules of play.
Rassie Erasmus as South Africa's coach
Following Saturday's Rugby World Cup championship match against England, Rassie Erasmus has made it known that he will retire as South Africa's head coach. Erasmus has kept the role ever since and also serves as the country's rugby director. He will keep this position after Japan.
The present defence coach, Jacques Nienaber, is probably going to be replaced by the 47-year-old former Springbok who was rumoured to keep the coaching job for the Lions tour in two years.
Springboks in RWC games
Rassie Erasmus said, "I didn't anticipate 25 Test Rugby World Cup matches would pass by so rapidly. My thoughts are impacted by it. Your heart begins to race as soon as you get your hands on the Springboks once more. The experience is very different when you get back into the mould. It's amazing to be here. Unfortunately, in just three days the festival will be over. I will nevertheless play a significant role, and ideally, after this, we will stick with the head coach.
South Africa RWC team has to change its views
In order to win the third world championship for the South Africa RWC team. Erasmus acknowledges that he has changed his view about the idea that rugby can be a unified force and that he now wants to defeat Eddie Jones' favourites at International Stadium Yokohama.
I must admit that becoming engaged once more gives me tremendous hope for the positive things that rugby can deliver for the nation, he concluded. I used to be one of those men who would say, "Let's just playboys, let's just play," thirty years ago. Stop bringing up the issue in the hopes that everyone has brought it up. Let's just play given the circumstances of the Rugby World Cup 2023.
On the other side, I've made a full quick decision. People will likely forget about their difficulties and agree with what we say if we perform well and with a lot of visible passion. After recovering from an ankle injury that prevented him from participating in the 19-16 Rugby World Cup semifinal triumph against Wales.
Only star right-wing Cheslin Kolbe has been added to the starting XV. According to tradition, the Springboks have named a bench with six forwards and two backs, indicating that they plan to attack England's front row. Erasmus admitted that we were a little anxious. When we lost against Cheslin in the semifinal.
RWC suffocates the opposing team
According to Erasmus, we had to imitate their suffocating style since we were aware of it. Even though it was a boring match to watch. The guys persisted and adjusted to the idea that England, which had upset New Zealand 19-10 in the RWC semifinals. It was the top contender to win the championship.
The third Rugby World Cup victory for South Africa was similar to the first. The title is memorably depicted in the film Invites. It marked a turning point for South African rugby as well as the country as a whole. As it allowed this to escape the sporting exclusion it had endured under discrimination.
Despite the racial tensions in the nation and South African rugby. The Springboks team that won on Saturday was the most ethnically diversified to ever compete at a Rugby World Cup.
Siya Kolisi with 31 players
The team had 31 players, with Siya Kolisi serving as its first black captain. The Rugby World Cup team began six of its eleven black or mixed-race players in the championship game on Saturday. Erasmus' transparent, straightforward, and colour-blind squad selections have received accolades from the team's members.
But Kolisi's leadership also helped the team stay together throughout the competition. Before the championship game, white veteran flanker François Louw addressed the problem during a team news conference. According to Louw, Siya has a lot of responsibility for his role as captain. The character of our country, where we've come from, and where we are right now.
He is a total pro at the position. He inspired everyone around him to help and support him in leadership, and that was his first action as captain. After South Africa's triumph, Kolisi spoke to the audience about the aim of the France Rugby World Cup team.
South Africa Rugby World Cup 2023 squad
Since I have been alive, I have never seen the South Africa Rugby World Cup 2023 squad as it is now, he claimed. Despite the difficulties we encounter, the coach reminded us that our current objective is to perform for the people of our home country rather than for ourselves.
We are grateful for all of the support from individuals who gave it to those in the clubs, farms, and the homeless. Where screens were present and those in the rural areas. We sincerely appreciate your help. With your assistance, we can do anything because we adore South Africa.
It appears like Rassie Erasmus and Jacques Nienaber will both stay on the team after the Rugby World Cup. The Springboks' head coach and director of rugby will be replaced after the RWC by Rassie Erasmus and Jacques Nienaber, respectively.
Erasmus and Nienaber will continue to serve as the team's head coaches through the year 2025. After guiding the Boks to victory in the Rugby World Cup. It is a subsequent series triumph over the British and Irish Lions. According to the Afrikaans Sunday tabloid Rapport. The coaching staff can begin France Rugby World Cup preparations with confidence that their positions will be secure after the event in France.
South Africa vs Tonga
South Africa and tonga will confront each other in France's Rugby World Cup. The match will hold on 1 October 2023 at Stade Vélodrome, Marseille. To become RWC 2023 eye witness you can buy South Africa Vs Tonga Tickets from our online platform.
South Africa should win this Pool B encounter easily, but Tonga has a history of pushing the Springboks to the limit. In their previous meeting at the 2007 Rugby World Cup. South Africa defeated Tonga by a score of just five points. Will it really be so close this time?
Erasmus's contract is valid
Frikkie Erasmus, the attorney for the Springbok DOR, told the publication that while Erasmus's contract is valid. It has an exit provision in case he decides to quit following the Rugby World Cup 2023. Rassie is under contract until 2025. But according to the rules of the agreement, he has the right to end it sooner, according to Frikkie Erasmus.
According to reports, Mark Alexander, the president of South African Rugby, indicated that the contracts of the Bok coaches would be renewed after the RWC 2023. The decision may be influenced by how the Springboks perform in the competition. Because it is anticipated that Jacques Nienaber would succeed Erasmus as a coach.
Getting ready for the World Cup Alignment camps will start in March as part of the World Cup preparations, according to the publication. South Africa won eight out of their 13 Test matches in 2022. It is presently rated fourth in the world. A shortened Rugby Championship campaign, followed by exhibition games against Wales, Argentina, and New Zealand. It marks the beginning of their World Cup preparations in July.
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Eddie Jones shows "dignity and regret" after being fired as England's coach
In England Rugby World Cup Tickets, Japan Rugby World Cup Tickets, Rugby world Cup Tickets, RWC 2023 Tickets, RWC Tickets
According to Eddie Jones, who spoke exclusively to the media about his "pride and disappointment" regarding his time as England manager. England and Australia may play each other this year in France Rugby World Cup 2023. Rugby supporters can book England Rugby World Cup Tickets on our website at exclusively discounted prices.
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For the Rugby World Cup 2023, England has been placed in Pool D along with Japan, Argentina, Samoa, and Chile Squads. On Saturday, September 9 in Marseille, England will face Argentina in the opening match of the RWC 2023. Jones also revealed that he has signed a contract with the Wallabies through 2027 after being fired by the RFU.
Eddie Jones admits that the 2023 Rugby World Cup is an "unfinished" mission and that he feels "pride and disappointment" about his tenure as England's head coach. After serving in the position for seven years, Jones was fired by England Rugby in December. And Steve Borthwick who had previously worked with Jones in both Japan and England took over as head coach.
Jones remarked to the media
Just nine months before the Rugby World Cup, the Rugby Football Union (RFU) made the divisive decision to fire Jones. Jones said, in his first TV interview in the UK since leaving the position and speaking exclusively to the media, that he is happy with his accomplishments.
Especially working with Borthwick, Jones is presently the head coach of Australia. There will always be regret over the fact that he was unable to watch his England team compete in this year's event in France.
"There is still, undoubtedly, a trace of dissatisfaction that you were incompetent to finish a project. "We had planned to create a side that could win the Rugby World Cup 2023 after the World Cup in 2019," Jones told to media. There were conflicting perspectives. I don't carry any grudges against the RFU.
Because I believed we were in the right place. But they didn't, and it was their right. But I have mixed feelings of pride and disappointment as I reflect back. I'm disappointed that I didn't complete the task, but I believe that I left England Rugby in a better position than when I first started, and that was always the opportunity.
The second thing I am really happy about is that part of my duty was to choose the next England coach, and Steve Borthwick is a great pick. He will do a great job. We worked together for a significant amount of time on this. I am confident that he will perform admirably, and his team may be strong.
Although the England crew will certainly experience injuries and other complications, I am persuaded that he will accomplish it brilliantly.
Jones was unwilling to continue without England's support
"I didn't want to stay in this place. The help from England Rugby had come to an end. Pressure on Jones' position as head coach had been mounting for a number of years. Since England's underwhelming Six Nations performances in 2021 and 2022 prompted internal assessments.
Jones didn't want to "hold on" to his post without cooperation. But he recognised that criticism had increased since England's Rugby World Cup final loss in 2019 and that he had always wanted to lead England to the Rugby World Cup this year.
"It most likely decided to follow the 2019 World Cup. When we lose the opening match of rugby, there are headlines declaring that Jones ought to be fired. I always knew that was sitting there because you are probably thinking, "This is going to be a challenging time."
"When you don't live up to the standards set for you by the team and yourself in the first place. One of those members stated, "You know there are going to be problems if you don't live up to the expectations of the Union and the people. "The longer you hold the position, the more likely it is that you will be fired."
"The circumstances slightly alter how people perceive you. After playing for a time, you begin to understand that we are definitely getting closer to being fired than we would like. I was unwilling to hold on. With their assistance, I either wanted to complete the task at hand or not. In the end, it was a wise move for both because it was obvious that the cooperation had ended."
RWC 2023: Encounter with England
Administrators don't receive any "affection" It would be enjoyable to compete against England at the RWC 2023. When Jones was named the head coach of Australia. He told the Sydney Morning Herald that if England and Australia played each other at this year's Rugby World Cup in France. He would blank the administrators of that country.
Speaking to the media, he said he doesn't retain bitterness and that playing against his previous team will be "pleasant."
"Jones stated, "I don't harbour any resentments, but I also don't harbour any affection." I'm very appreciative of the players. But after you go on, there won't be too many administrators I love as much. It will be similar to managing England's opposition to Australia. In addition to having an enormous amount of regard for the players.
I also have a huge amount of admiration for English rugby. The most tragic aspect of being fired was that it essentially meant the end of your connection with the players. That is the challenging part. But it will be entertaining in a Rugby World Cup 2023 quarterfinal, semifinal, or whatever."
RWC 2023: England Vs Japan
A captivating matchup between Eddie Jones' England and Japan. In what might be one of the competition's games. The former coach of Japan will face his previous team during the pool stages of the France Rugby World Cup 2023. England will confront Japan's rugby squad on 17 September in RWC 2023.
One of the favourites to win the Webb Ellis Cup faces off against one of rugby's up-and-coming forces. The atmosphere will be incredible. Set your seatbelts for a thrilling ride. The match will hold at Stade de Nice, Nice and will start at 21:00 according to local time. To become RWC 2023 eye witness you can buy England Vs Japan Tickets from our online platform.
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Jones' pride in the Australia Tour provides memories to cherish
Jones' time with England is gone. But he still cherishes many memories from his time there. Especially the memories of the 2016 series victory against Australia. After a disastrous home World Cup in which England failed to advance past the group stage. Jones took over and guided England to a Grand Slam victory and a series-whitewash victory in Australia.
"The third Test of the inaugural visit to Australia is the match that I always remember the most, said Eddie Jones. Australia was a good squad. They recently advanced to the World Cup final in 2015. However, we had already won the series 2-0. To win that series 3-0 was amazing, especially coming off the Grand Slam Because we played with a lot of grit and pride.
"Players may be satisfied because a Grand Slam only occurs for England, I believe, once in 13 years. To come out of the RWC without making the playoffs then win the Grand Slam and travel to Australia and win 3-0 is a fairly incredible performance."
Andy Farrell has named the players of the Ireland RWC squad
In France Rugby World Cup Tickets, Rugby World Cup 2023 Tickets, Rugby World Cup Final Tickets, Rugby world Cup Tickets, RWC 2023 Tickets, RWC Tickets, South Africa Vs Ireland Tickets
Andy Farrell has named the players of the Ireland squad beforehand of the approaching Six Nations Championship. Farrell has long gone for the attempted and tested, with Jamie Osborne the best-uncapped participant inside the group, however, there are nevertheless lots of speaking points. Planet Rugby research the Rugby World Cup squad and appears at who merits their spot, who's lucky, and which gamers may be cursing their misfortune.
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Leinster talent gets his shot
Ireland RWC team and Leinster seem to have extracted every other gem inside the shape of this skillful lower back, who can play at both full-lower back or center. Osborne has been in startling shape for the Irish province this season and his standout show in hostility to Gloucester at 12 closing stay proved to be very timely. He scored a lovable try, taking a superb line earlier than weaving his way beyond the very last guard, after which definite his good-sized array of talents in the course of the clash.
It became a first-rate overall performance and offers Farrell every other choice inside the midfield, especially with Robbie Henshaw having his harm concerns. Osborne is the simplest uncapped participant inside the 37-guy organization however it wouldn't be a wonder to look at him given the possibility over a subsequent couple of months. He has the talents and athleticism to go together with the sports intelligence that is a mighty blend as Ireland constructs toward the Rugby World Cup.
Ross Byrne's consistency rewarded
Having hung out inside the worldwide wilderness, the Leinster fly-1/2 of back on the top of the Autumn Nations Series and kicked the match-winner towards Australia. It changed into a wonderful tale for a participant who regarded manner down the pecking order, however, he has now taken Joey Carbery's region with inside the RWC squad.
Buoyed through that non-public highlight, Byrne has long passed from electricity to electricity for Leo Cullen's men. He manifestly does now no longer play large video games whilst Johnny Sexton is in shape however, with the absence of the Ireland captain, the 27-year-antique has shone. He changed into some other to provide a satisfactory show towards the Cherry and Whites inside the Champions Cup.
Centrally contracted strugglers
Ireland has one of the first-class structures around, which has allowed them to turn out to be an authentic Rugby World Cup powerhouse, however not nothing is best and it does have one unique drawback. Farrell is below no responsibility to choose the centrally shrunk gamers the ones who have a part of their income paid through the IRFU however no question there could be sure stress too. Conor Murray, Keith Earls, and Jacob Stockdale are among the ones to have a deal in the region.
Approaching RWC tournament
And coincidently were decided on inside the 37-guy group, regardless of their terrible shape. Murray and Earls aren't even assured choices for Munster at the moment. But they were named through Farrell for the approaching RWC tournament. At the same time as Stockdale has struggled after coming back from a prolonged injury. It continues to be a remarkably robust squad however that component has possibly hampered Farrell in phrases of selecting all of the in-shape gamers.
While Murray and Earls can remember themselves as fortunate. One man or woman who truly merits being there may be behemoth range 8 Gavin Coombes. He may also be in rivalry to begin given his first-rate shape for the Limerick outfit. Coombes is a first-rate skill who simply appears readymade for Test Rugby World Cup, thinking about his physicality and athleticism. His capabilities are nonetheless developing, this means that Caelan Doris has his nostril in the front for now.
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However, there's an actual aspect to the manner the 25-year-antique plays. He is extraordinarily hard to forestall from the near variety and regularly makes the floor in traffic. A key side in being a hit at Test degree with defenses so well-drilled nowadays. Coombes very a whole lot merits lots of sport time over the subsequent months.
Others take Mandela's name in vain, not harry and Meghan
In apartheid South Africa, sports activities had been closely racialized. Rugby, in particular, becomes infamous due to the fact the countrywide crew, the Springboks, become all-white. We inside the anti-apartheid movement noticed rugby as a cultural image of white-minority rule. Then, quickly after the stop of apartheid in 1994, South Africa become to host the 1995 RWC. My grandfather, though then the country's first Black president, noticed this as a gap that no person else had recognized.
To a few dismay of his very own supporters. Mandela threw his backing in the back of the Springboks. And dispatched a message that every South African must help the crew. This formidable pass broke the wall between the historically all-white crew and South Africa's Black communities. It proclaimed as soon as and for all that the South Africa Rugby World Cup team. Become now the multiracial democracy that my grandfather had seen you later fight for.
The symbolism of harmony becomes critical at that moment. However, of course, now no longer all of our society's ills will be so effortlessly resolved. Despite actual development over a long time in view that then, grave inequities persist. In South Africa, entrenched styles of white racism have now no longer been dismantled.
The unemployment charge remains approximately 4 instances better for Black citizens than it's miles for white citizens. And simply 10 percent of South Africans the bulk of them white very own. Greater than ninety percent of the country's wealth. Legal apartheid has disappeared, however, monetary apartheid upheld through loopholes inside the regulation persists.
Reformed in new and insidious forms
Many of the bedrocks of racism and colonialism around the arena have now no longer most real survived. However, been reformed in new and insidious forms. Every year, billions of extra greenbacks are transferred out of Africa than are invested in it. Roughly a hundred global firms, lots of them British before the RWC. Manage $1 trillion well worth of Africa's mineral resources. The mining operations of those corporations go away on a path of social and green harm and human rights abuses.
This sample of exploitation extends throughout the worldwide South. According to a file from the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre. Considering that in 2015 massive corporations engaged in mining, and agribusiness. And logging has filed 355 in large part frivolous complaints that human-rights activists name efforts to intimidate. Bankrupt and silence the ones in Latin America and Asia who communicate towards such abuses before the Rugby World Cup.
In Malaysia, for instance, European courts are implementing a $15 billion declaration for the growing nation's oil. And fuel line reserves, primarily based totally on a century-vintage treaty. Relationship from the technology of colonial management through the British Crown. Western traders inside the lawsuit, via the litigation-financing company Therium, will take the lion's proportion of proceeds.
Crown's postcolonial strength keeps increasing
Although the overdue Queen Elizabeth become a first-rate supporter of my grandfather. And presiding over the transformation of the British Empire into the voluntary affiliation of the Commonwealth. The Crown's postcolonial strength keeps increasing in the arena. By the distinctive feature of its nominal declaration to international locations inclusive of Canada and Australia. The Crown is through some distance the arena's biggest landowner. With as plenty as a 6th of the planet's land area.
Players who could swap Test nations to play at the RWC 2023
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The temptation of playing at the Rugby World Cup could see several players switch Test nations. Through World Rugby's eligibility rules to feature at the competition in France. World Rugby permitted a change in rugby's eligibility rules that came into effect in January 2022. They allow players to symbolise a second nation if they have a close connection to that union via birthright.
Rugby World Cup 2023 fans from all over the world are called to book RWC Tickets from our online platform XchangeTickets.com. Rugby fans can book Argentina Vs Samoa Tickets on our website at exclusively discounted prices.
While Charles Piutau, Jack Dempsey, Fritz Lee, Steven Luatua, Israel Folau and George Moala have now swapped. We look at a few other players who could do the same in the year of the competition. Before we dive into the performers. Let's recap how a player would shift from one Test nation to another under World Rugby's reviewed rule 8. A player needs to have a near and sincere link to the union. That they wish to shift to via birthright.
Rugby World Cup Players can attain this by succeeding in the following criteria. The player must stand down from global rugby for 36 months. The player must either be born in the nation to which they desire to transfer. Or have a parent or grandparent born in that nation? Under the revised Rule 8 criteria, a player may only switch unions once. Each case will be focused on approval by the WRRC to preserve honour.
Julian Savea need to switch from the New Zealand team to the Samoa Rugby World Cup side
While Ardie Savea was called New Zealand performer of the year for his struggles in 2022. His brother Julian has not played for New Zealand since the 2017 British and Irish Lions series. Savea suffered a testing stint at Toulon. But looked to be back playing some of his finest rugby for the Hurricanes this year.
However, his method was not enough to satisfy the New Zealand Rugby World Cup coaches. That he justified a Test recall. After signifying the All Blacks 54 times, scoring 46 tries. Savea is qualified to switch to Samoa through his parents.
Sergio Parisse swapping Italy union to Argentina's side
Another doubtful shift but one that is still thinkable. As Parisse could signify his birth nation in France's Rugby World Cup. Despite playing 142 times for Italy's rugby national union team. The 39-year-old still signifies Toulon in the Top 14.
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He last played for the Italy national team during the 2019 Rugby World Cup. He has put his retirement on hold to play one more time for Italy. But his plan has been disenchanted several times. Could a shock shift to Argentina be on the cards? XchangeTickets.com offers Rugby World Cup 2023 Tickets at the best prices. Football fanatics can buy Argentina Rugby World Cup Tickets at exclusively discounted prices.
Lima Sopoaga transfer from New Zealand to Samoa RWC side
From an unlikely switch to one that is very thinkable. Previous New Zealand Sopoaga has openly stated his desire to signify Samoa and almost did so under the older rules. He clarified on James Marshall's, podcast last year. That he intended to use the Olympic excuse to signify Samoa. After earning 16 caps for New Zealand between 2015 and 2017. I tried to do the shift like Malakai.
He played in Monaco, and I wanted to be a part of that with the Samoan sevens set-up. It just didn't work out, because my coupon was for 16 June and we couldn't get it moved. So that I and my whole family could come back. We had by now booked our flights, Sopoaga said. Sopoaga has been side-lined since July, further delaying his Test shift, which could happen in Samoa's first game of the new year.
Denny Solomona is from England to Samoa to play RWC 2023
Ex-England Rugby World Cup player Solomona was born in New Zealand. He is now qualified to signify New Zealand and Samoa. He received five Test caps for England in 2017. But could make the shift to the country he signified in rugby league, Samoa.
Argentina Rugby World Cup player Gonzalo Bertranou to miss out on games due to injury
Argentina'sscrum-half Gonzalo Bertranou's season is over after the Argentina international had surgery on a foot injury. The 29-year-old grieved the injury in the closing phases of the 29-14 United Rugby Championship downfall on January 6. Bertranou has now gone under the knife and will not play again for the Rodney Parade club this season. The operation has been believed a success.
There are no worries about the injury affecting his France Rugby World Cup hopes with Argentina. Bertranou will target a summer arrival in the rugby contest ahead of France 2023. During the contest, Argentina will lock horns with England, Japan, Samoa and Chile in the group phase the following month. The injury is a huge setback for the Dragons.
They are down to two high-ranking scrum halves Lewis Jones and Rhodri Williams with youth Che Hope as their backup. Bertranou contracted in February 2021 and has made 28 presences, exciting with his high-tempo approach. Wales scrum-half Williams has liked the duel for the 9 jerseys. He is back in the mix for Sunday's challenge cup clash with the Lions in Newport. After missing the last three games with a concussion.
Jones has principally been the third choice
Jones has mostly been the third choice since arriving from Cardiff last season. Although he produced one of his best shows for the club in the 21-15 win at Pau last Friday. Hope, 20, made his Dragons entrance against the Lions in the URC and recorded a try off the bench. Meanwhile, the update is relatively good for the back-row forward Ollie Griffiths. After he was required off against Pau last week.
The 27-year-old from New bridge hurt a pectoral muscle injury in the first half in France. It was just his second attendance of the season. After back and calf problems and the once-capped Wales forward faces another spell on the sidelines. However, an action is not required and he should be back for the Dragons' run-in after the six nations era.
Wales players tighthead Leon Brown will make his first entrance of the season as a replacement against the Lions. The prop has not played since April after a bravery issue. They needed a neck operation but he has still been named in Warren Gatland's squad for the RWC 2023.


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Home » Online Degrees Blog » Types of Abuse in a Relationship and How Social Workers Can Help
Types of Abuse in a Relationship and How Social Workers Can Help
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According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics' National Crime Victimization Survey, roughly 1 in 4 adult women and 1 in 9 adult men have been victims of violence at the hands of intimate partners. The sobering statistics illustrate that domestic abuse is hardly a rare or an isolated phenomenon — it happens with tragic frequency.
While physical violence is a clear sign of abuse, toxic and abusive relationships can manifest in other insidious ways, including verbal and financial abuse. One of a social worker's critical roles is to help identify these types of abuse and to provide support services to those in need.
Note: This article discusses physical and sexual abuse, and while descriptions are not graphic, the content may be disturbing to some readers.
What Is Abuse in a Relationship?
Abuse in a relationship comprises a pattern of toxic behaviors that exist in an intimate or romantic relationship. More specifically, abuse in a relationship involves one partner behaving in a malicious or manipulative way, with the ultimate aim of gaining power and control over the other partner.
Domestic Abuse vs. Other Types of Abuse
Although child and elder abuse can occur in the context of domesticity, here the term "domestic abuse" refers to abuse in a relationship involving power dynamics between two intimate partners.
It may also help to clarify that abuse in a relationship is different from stalking, wherein the abuser and the abused may have little or no relationship or shared life together.
Statistics About Abuse in a Relationship
Although abuse in a relationship has long been a hidden issue, it's far more common than many are aware.
According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, "On average, 20 people per minute are physically abused by an intimate partner in the United States." This equates to more than 10 million individuals in a year.
About 1 in 10 women have been raped by an intimate partner.
According to the National Network to End Domestic Violence, as many as 99% of cases of domestic abuse also involve financial abuse.
These troubling statistics make clear that abuse in a relationship is all too common and that it can assume many different forms.
Types of Abuse: Physical Abuse
One of the most prevalent forms of abuse in a relationship is physical abuse.
Signs of Physical Abuse
A number of signs point to physical abuse, starting with visible injuries. Social workers are trained at identifying the physical marks that violence and abuse leave behind as well as the efforts to conceal those marks (such as long, layered or baggy clothing, especially worn out of season). Social workers may also identify psychological and behavioral signs, such as sudden changes or abrupt shifts in how the abused person acts or speaks.
Effects of Physical Abuse
Those who are physically abused by an intimate partner may exhibit several symptoms, both in the short term and in the long term. The most common symptoms of physical abuse include the following:
Changes in sleeping patterns
Changes to appetite and eating habits
Role of a Social Worker
Social workers are trained to identify subtle indications of physical abuse, even among those who are reluctant or unwilling to speak out about their experience. Additionally, social workers have the resources to get physical abuse victims to a safe place, such as a women's shelter. They may also be able to provide legal resources and mental health care.
Learn more about the nature of physical abuse:
S. Office on Women's Health, Effects of Violence Against Women. Find out more about the long-term toll that physical abuse can take, including the impact on mental well-being.
com, "The Effects of Physical Abuse." Consider some ways that physical abuse can occur in a marriage.
If you're in a relationship marked by physical abuse, help is available. In an emergency, or if you feel like your life is in danger, call 911. Otherwise:
Call the National Domestic Abuse Hotline at 800-799-7233, and also consult its resources for victims and survivors.
If you know someone who's trapped in a physically abusive relationship, visit the U.S. Office on Women's Health to learn how you can help.
Types of Abuse: Sexual Abuse
Sexual abuse in a relationship can refer to any effort to pressure or coerce someone into doing something sexually. In instances of sexual abuse, the abuser may use shame, guilt, intimidation or fear to achieve something. Note that sexual abuse may also encompass other kinds of abuse, from verbal assault to physical violence.
Signs of Sexual Abuse
Many common indicators of a sexually abusive partner exist, including the following:
Asking the victim to dress in a particular way
Manipulating the victim into performing specific sexual acts
Insulting the victim with sexually explicit nicknames
Demanding sex even when the victim is sick, physically hurt or fatigued
Ignoring or disregarding the victim's feelings about sex
Effects of Sexual Abuse
Sexually abusive relationships can yield a number of long- and short-term effects on victims, including depression and anxiety, as well as PTSD and struggles with drug or alcohol abuse.
Additionally, those who are sexually abused may come to associate sexual intimacy with negative experiences; as a result, they may have a difficult time maintaining healthy, happy, intimate relationships. They may also simply lose their interest in all forms of sexual activity.
How a Social Worker Can Help
Social workers are trained to identify even subtle signs of sexually manipulative relationships. They can counsel victims on if and when they need to seek shelter or legal protection. Additionally, social workers can help those who have been sexually abused find the mental health resources they need for healing and restoration.
To find out more about sexual abuse in a relationship, consider these resources:
S. Office on Women's Health, Am I Being Abused? Study some hallmarks of abusive or unhealthy relationships.
Verywell Mind, "The Cycle of Sexual Abuse and Abusive Adult Relationships." Find out how childhood sexual abuse can impact adult relationships.
In an emergency, or if you feel like your life is in danger, call 911. Additionally, many resources are available to those who are in sexually abusive relationships:
Call the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network's confidential hotline at 800-656-HOPE to speak with a counselor.
Consult this New York Times article to find out about helping a friend or loved one who's been sexually abused.
Types of Abuse: Verbal Abuse
Verbal abuse is sometimes referred to as mental or emotional abuse. Victims of verbal abuse often go unnoticed because of the absence of physical symptoms like bruises or scratches. However, verbal abuse can have an acute effect on victims' self-confidence and long-term well-being. Crucially, verbal abuse often escalates into physical abuse.
Signs of Verbal Abuse
Abuse isn't the same as a disagreement; all couples have verbal fights or arguments. The difference is that an argument in a healthy relationship shouldn't devolve into name-calling or belittlement — and arguments shouldn't happen daily.
Verbal abuse, meanwhile, involves behavioral patterns in which the abuser may:
Use words to try to humiliate the victim
Frequently yell or scream
Start an argument but then place blame for it on the victim
Dredge up unrelated issues or accusations
Seek credit for sticking to one's words rather than resorting to physical violence
Effects of Verbal Abuse
Living with this kind of verbal toxicity can have a long-term impact, including the following:
Second-guessing memories and past events
Feeling unwanted or unworthy of love
How Social Workers Can Help
A social worker can help delineate patterns of toxic behavior and offer both the mental health and the legal resources needed to escape verbal abuse.
To learn more about verbal, mental and emotional abuse, consider the following:
S. Office on Women's Health, Emotional and Verbal Abuse. Take a closer look at what this type of abuse entails.
Healthline, "What Is Verbal Abuse? How to Recognize Abusive Behavior and What to Do Next" Review examples of what verbal abuse can look like.
If you feel your life is in immediate danger, call 911, as verbal assault can lead to physical violence. Those who fear that verbal abuse puts them in harm's way can also seek help from the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 800-799-7233.
Types of Abuse: Financial Abuse
Financial abuse is defined as controlling some or all aspects of a person's finances and/or ability to work. (Exceptions include instances of custodianship; for example, someone may be granted legal authority to control an elderly relative's finances.)
Signs of Financial Abuse
A financial abuser may act in many ways, including the following:
Sabotaging the victim's opportunities to gain employment
Forbidding the victim from working outside the home
Controlling how money is spent
Denying direct access to shared bank accounts
Forcing financial crimes (like writing bad checks or creating fraudulent tax documents)
Running up large debts on shared accounts without the victim's permission
Compelling the victim to work in the family business, potentially without pay
Effects of Financial Abuse
Financial abuse can have a devastating effect on victims. Without access to their own finances (and potentially with bad credit as well), victims may have a difficult time finding shelter, providing for themselves and their children, or otherwise extricating themselves from abusive relationships.
Social workers can provide the legal resources that financial abuse victims need to gain their freedom and to secure protections for their children. Additionally, social workers can provide mental health interventions.
For additional insight into financial abuse, consult these resources:
Verywell Mind, "How to Identify Financial Abuse in a Relationship." Learn about the red flags for financial abuse.
S. Office on Women's Health, Financial Abuse. Take a closer look at the effects that financial abuse can have.
Bustle, "Financial Abuse Is Experienced By 20% Of Adults — Here's How to Spot the Signs." Get help identifying the signs of this kind of abuse.
For help recovering from financial abuse, consider these resources:
Bankrate, "Starting Over: How to Rebuild Your Finances After Experiencing Financial Abuse." Get guidance on the right financial steps to take.
The Ascent, "How to Overcome Financial Abuse." Get more information about recovering from financially abusive behaviors.
How Can a Domestic Violence Social Worker Help?
A social worker's role is to improve people's lives, including intervening to mitigate harmful relationship or interpersonal problems. A domestic violence social worker specifically focuses on helping those who have been victimized by different kinds of abuse at the hands of their spouse or romantic partner. Domestic violence social workers advocate for the physical, emotional and financial well-being of the victim.
What Domestic Violence Social Workers Do
A domestic violence social worker can help in many ways, including the following:
Offering assistance if someone's safety is at risk because of abuse in a relationship
Providing screening, risk assessment and crisis intervention for those who believe they're being abused
Making referrals as necessary to other providers, such as mental health care professionals, lawyers or financial counselors
Advocating for their clients and connecting them to community resources
Performing community outreach for abuse prevention and awareness
Becoming a Victim Advocate
To learn more about becoming a social worker who advocates for domestic abuse victims, review these resources:
The Balance Careers, "Victims Advocate Jobs Profile." Take a look at the requirements of becoming a professional victims advocate.
Houston Chronicle, "Reasons for Becoming a Domestic Violence Social Worker." Consider potential reasons for getting into this type of advocacy work.
Why Social Workers Are Important
Social workers play a significant role in counseling and protecting victims, helping them to ascertain the abuse's extent and to take the steps they need toward restoration. A social worker's role may also extend to legal, financial and mental health rehabilitation.
By advocating for victims of abuse, social workers play an important public health role, helping mediate the awful impact of cyclical abuse on women and children, in particular, while also ensuring that mental health providers are able to provide their services to those who need them to recover from acts of abuse.
The role of the social worker also involves awareness raising. Social workers can be powerful voices that educate communities on what abuse encompasses, what the warning signs are and what options are available to those who are victims of abuse.
Additionally, social workers can play an important part in preventing abuse. For example, a social worker who observes a home in which verbal or emotional abuse is rampant may see warning signs of a potential physical altercation, or even of child abuse. By seeking a quick legal intervention, and coordinating mental health care, the social worker may be able to curtail this abuse before it worsens.
For further insight into a social worker's role, take a look at these resources:
S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Social Workers. Scan some statistics and figures regarding social work as an occupation.
Houston Chronicle, "What Does a Social Worker Do?" Learn more about the services that social workers provide.
KVC Health Systems, "10 Things You Didn't Know About Social Workers." Learn more about the ways in which social workers help their clients.
Social Workers are Powerful Advocates
Those who are victimized by abuse can often feel as though they are all alone. One of the best reasons to enlist a social worker is that they provide faithful advocacy when it's needed most. Social workers can help abuse victims get the care they need, and they can also help break cycles of abusive or toxic behavior. Their work is essential in helping abuse victims find their way forward.
Infographic Sources:
National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Resources
National Sexual Violence Resource Center, Find Help


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Priced out of Dublin 8? Try Chapelizod
By the Phoenix Park and straddling the Liffey, this village has an out of the way feel
Sat, Nov 18, 2017, 06:00
Tadhg Peavoy
The main square in Chapelizod. The area feels more like Co Dublin than the city. Photograph: Dave Meehan
Chapelizod has the very unusual distinction of being a Dublin village that is located on both the north and south sides of the river Liffey. Located 7km from the city centre, Chapelizod village is largely based on the north of the city – where its town square and approach to and from the city are located, but crossing Chapelizod Bridge also leads on to another stretch, which runs up Chapelizod Hill Road and Lucan Road.
The village dates back to Anglo-Norman times, with an influx of Huguenot settlers in the 17th century. The town was always – and still remains – a part of Dublin city that is set apart from the more urbanised areas.
Set in the wooded valley of the Liffey, the town feels more like Co Dublin than the city and is an ideal spot for daytrippers looking to escape the city for a quiet lunch or drink, or potential homeowners looking for a bucolic-style life, while still within easy reach of the hubbub of Dublin town, and also with a significantly lower price tag than areas such as The Liberties.
The Liffey runs through Chapellizod, meaning the village straddles both the northside and southside of Dublin. Photograph: Dave Meehan
Describe the housing stock
Homes in the area range from period Victorians, dating from the 1890s, through to newer builds from the 1970s and a number of apartment complexes, which came into being during the Celtic Tiger.
"There is a 50-50 split of houses and apartments for sale," says James McKeon, associate director of DNG Lucan. "In terms of apartments, there are a number of developments, including the Island, the Weir and Knockmaree. These are selling well in recent years as current owners are coming out of negative equity and placing the properties on the market again, with owner-occupiers competing with each other in the bidding process."
However, the competitive prices in the area, combined with a relatively low stock does mean that properties tend to sell in a period of just five or six weeks, meaning that keeping a close eye on the market is essential.
Any new developments in the pipeline?
New developments are definitely needed in the area, with derelict sites on Main Street and Lucan Road, as well as the run-down Mulberry Cottages on Martin's Row, all ripe for a developer to come in and construct complexes that would rejuvenate the town.
A UK developer has recently purchased a site on Chapelizod Hill Road – they're in the process of finalising the details of the build, while there is also a second site on the Lucan Road currently in the planning stages.
"The UK developer was granted planning a year ago for 33 houses on the Chapelizod Hill Road plot of land," says Conor Steen, Hooke and MacDonald commercial surveyor. "The developer is currently looking into the possibility of instead developing the land for apartments."
"There's a site on the old Lucan Road that is in for planning for apartments and townhouses," says McKeon. "But that's in the early stages at present."
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Who's buying in the area?
Between those potential developments, Chapelizod has space to expand, which would also keep prices fair and affordable. As a result of the current affordability, it's largely young couples who are buying in the area: those who perhaps can't afford to buy in The Liberties or Kilmainham, but don't want to be as far out of town as Blanchardstown or Castleknock.
What are the exercise options?
For lovers of the outdoors, Chapelizod is almost ideally placed. To the north, the village borders with the Phoenix Park and the huge possibilities that has for recreation and sport. Running through the middle of the town, as previously mentioned, is the Liffey, which has a number of kayaking clubs and fishing spots dotted along its banks.
Donore Harriers Athletics Club and Longmeadows pitch and putt course offer further sporting activities for those who are so inclined, while Gaels-Drumfinn Avenue Park and Ballyfermot De La Salle GAA club, to the south, round out an excellent list of recreation amenities.
The Villager is one of the main watering holes in Chapelizod. Photograph: Dave Meehan
Where do you get a pint and a bite to eat?
The Mullingar House, visible on the approach to the village on the Chapelizod Road, is the main watering hole and eatery, serving a good carvery and varied food menu, while further down on the main road is the well-known The Villager pub. Alongside those two outlets there are the usual retail suspects: a pharmacy, corner shop and dry cleaners etc.
However, there have been a number of key closures in the last year or so: most notably the Bridge Inn and Café de Bróc on the south side of the village. These are both big losses to the life and soul of the village and have left a gaping hole in terms of hang-out places. For the village to have a bit more vitality, these need to reopen as new entities.
With both premises up for lease, whoever does get their foot in the door has almost an entire village market to capitalise on, making both premises major potential commercial investment opportunities.
How do you get there?
The village is rather out of the way as a location, which is a large part of its appeal in truth, but Chapelizod is still relatively well-connected. Eight bus routes run through the village, which connect it with both west Dublin and the city centre, and the M50 is a short drive away, meaning it's a handy location for both city centre workers and those commuting further out of town.
Chapelizod is well served by primary schools, through St Laurence's and St Patrick's national schools, but for the next stage a small commute is necessary with no secondary schools in the immediate area. Instead, parents traditionally look at Mount Sackville and Castleknock Community College, as well as the very highly regarded Castleknock College.
An apartment block in Chapelizod. Photograph: Dave Meehan
What's for sale in Chapelizod?
Two-bed, one-bath, apartment at 172 The Island, for €280,000. Agent: DNG.
Three-bed, two-bath, semi-detached house at 40 Martin's Row, for €399,950. Agent: City Homes.
Three-bed, two-bath period house at 34 St Laurence's Road, for €500,000. Agent: DNG.
Four-bed, one-bath, detached home at 5 Martin's Row, for €695,000. Agent: Lisney.
What's for rent in Chapelizod?
Two-bed, one-bath terraced house at 1 Church Lane, for €1,400 a month. Agent: City Homes.
Two-bed, two-bath apartment at The Island, for €1,850 a month. Agent: Haines.
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Booked: The Living Dead
An interview with Thomas Laqueur about his book The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal Remains.
Timothy Shenk ▪ March 10, 2016
Karl Marx monument, Highgate Cemetery, London (Flickr / Leo Reynolds)
Booked is a monthly series of Q&As with authors by contributing editor Timothy Shenk. For this interview, he spoke with Thomas Laqueur about The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal Remains (Princeton University Press, 2015).
After being asked what he would like to have done with his body after he died, the Greek philosopher Diogenes replied that he wanted it thrown out for animals to devour. Thousands of years later, his answer can still shock. Thomas Laqueur explains why in his sweeping history of the way humans have grappled with death—an abstract terror made concrete by the bodies that remain when the dead have passed on. Combining anthropological reflections on the cultural functions of the dead with historical investigations of the shifting ways their bodies have been treated, Laqueur uses the stubborn resistance to Diogenes' provocation to explore the world the dead left behind.
Timothy Shenk: "Around 1800," you write, "a thousand-year-old regime of the dead began to crumble." The new order would be defined by the cemetery, and it has persisted into the present—so much so that it can be difficult to imagine an alternative. What was the earlier system that we lost?
Thomas Laqueur: Edward Gibbon, the great historian of the fall of Rome, identified the rise of Christianity with a new order of the dead. After the conversion of Constantine in 325 AD, emperors and generals "devoutly visited the sepulchers of a tent-maker and a fisherman," and other martyrs at churches like St. Peter's in Rome. Indeed Christian burial around the bodies of the special dead often preceded churches themselves which then came to be built on these sacred sites. Gradually churches came to have churchyards which gathered together the dead of the community over the generations. The greatest penalty of excommunication became exclusion from that space: the only space in which one could be buried as a human being. To be cast out meant to be buried like a dog. So in the old order there was only one place for the body—the churchyard—to which access was guarded by ecclesiastical authorities who also attended to the dying and prayed for their souls. The thousand-year-old regime was one in which the dead belonged to priests and not as in classical antiquity to families or on occasion to the state.
Shenk: You argue that the shift from churchyard to cemetery was bound up with a host of other transformations, including the making of modernity itself (a big point that I want to get to later). Yet the change was not a simple process, or a straightforward one. The ambiguities of the transition period were captured in the reaction to the death of Voltaire, one of the era's great skeptics. What does the response to Voltaire's death reveal about what you call "the Enlightenment moment in the history of the dead"?
Laqueur: There were major controversies surrounding the death and burial of most of the great French Enlightenment figures. (Rousseau was an exception because, as a Protestant, he could not be buried in sacred ground.) The greatest and most notorious of these controversies swirled around the death and burial of Voltaire. There were two related issues. First, did he on his death bed take last rites and recant his views? And, if so, did he do this because he finally understood that to die outside the church was to die in misery, or because he was somehow tricked into conformity by the threat of having his body excluded from proper burial? The second issue had to do with his body. Assuming, as the local priest testified, that he had not properly taken last rites, what should be done with his body? The church of course would have excluded him from proper burial; his friends, who vehemently denied that Voltaire had backed off of any of his anti-clerical views or that he had died the agonizing death of an atheist, sought ways to have him interred in consecrated ground despite ecclesiastical opposition. In the end they managed to whisk his body off to a monastic burial ground to which his nephew had connections and the ecclesiastical authorities decided not to push the issue further.
The controversy arose out of one of the most deeply divisive issues of the late Enlightenment and revolutionary periods, and was interpreted and reinterpreted over the years. The major eighteenth-century right-wing account of the origins of the French Revolution argued, for example, that the conspiracy of infidels and philosophes that tried to hide the secret of Voltaire's purportedly anguished, godless death was also behind the collapse of the Old Regime. And on the other side, the tyranny of ecclesiastical authorities in excluding some of the dead from decent burial was regarded as exemplary of clerical tyranny more generally. All of this speaks to the tensions that led to the rise of a new and far more open order of the dead.
Shenk: The controversy that erupted around Voltaire's death was intense, but it was also a product of its moment. Just a few decades later, you note, the uproar almost certainly would have been avoided, because, by that point, the cemetery system had emerged. You call the new regime "a more cosmopolitan necrogeography," and it's an apt description for an order managed more by bureaucrats and doctors than by priests. From one perspective, this seems like a modernization and democratization of death. But the rise of the cemetery was part of an even larger transformation—in your words, "the great nineteenth-century conversation about the new commercial and industrial order, about what would become of society . . . in the age of the cash nexus." What was this new system, and what does it tell us about the other changes that were convulsing Europe?
Laqueur: The clearest answer I can give is a negative one: the new system—the cemetery—was not a churchyard. It was open to anyone; it allowed for the gathering of the dead of a great variety of communities of different religious and political beliefs; it made its own history through a bricolage of architecture and landscape. Cemeteries were parks for the dead open to the public.
Cemeteries did not represent a democratization of death unless one regards the market in graves as itself democratic. In the churchyard there was at best an imperfect market. There was essentially no freehold or even long leasehold in the ground of the churchyard or the fabric of the church. Of course the rich were buried more grandly than the poor, but in principle the place of burial in the old order belonged to the Christian community of a place.
The new system of the cemetery was cosmopolitan, because anyone could get in. More to the point, anyone could buy their way in. Land for burial was, as it had been in antiquity, privately held; it could be owned on roughly the same terms as any land; anything could be built on it with little more than what we would call zoning restrictions. And the poor, who had been essential to the cultural meaning of the old order, are invisible in common graves under smooth lawns because they could not afford to buy plots. Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," the most printed and recited English poem of that period, bears testimony to the trees, the undulating ground, and the presence of the ordinary dead in the churchyard that would all be missing in the cemetery:
Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade,
Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap,
Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,
The rude Forefathers of the hamlet sleep.
Shenk: One of the most astute observers of the world that made the cemetery system possible was Karl Marx. He was also, as you observe, a pointed critic of those who kept their gaze locked on the dead. "The revolution of the nineteenth century," he wrote in 1852, "must let the dead bury their dead in order to arrive at its own content." Marx was speaking metaphorically, but it's still striking that his own grave has become a revered site for later Marxists. That paradox reflects one of your central preoccupations in the book. Marxists visiting the grave are looking for meaning in death, even though they're part of a tradition that's rejected the religious convictions that once made the search tenable.
The tension between those positions, you argue, is a product of the history described in this book. To oversimplify: today death is a medical phenomenon, but our expectations are still shaped by an earlier moment when it was seen as a theological event. "Ours is a disenchanted enchantment," you write. "We believe despite ourselves." If thoroughgoing secularization is impossible, and so is a revival of the medieval worldview, does this mean we have reached a kind of end of history for the work of the dead?
Laqueur: When Marx died in 1883, he was originally buried in a modest plot in the thoroughly bourgeois Highgate Cemetery. Engels et al were burying the dead in the hope of a new future. The "let the dead bury their dead" quote comes from the Bible but Marx's friends did not, as Jesus had commanded his apostles, abandon their traditional obligations, that is to leave their homes and families and commit themselves to a radically new world. The bourgeois revolutionaries of the late eighteenth century had failed to fully abandon the past for the future. And of course so had the working class by the time Marx died; the revolution that would end history had not happened. We—and Engels—did not leave it to the dead to bury the dead.
In 1955 Marx was reburied in a much more conspicuous site in Highgate. Since then, a growing assemblage of the communist dead has gathered around his new tomb. I understand why you call it a paradox, but in a sense my book suggests quite the opposite: the need to live with the dead transcends any particular belief about who the dead are, or what death is, or whether there is an afterlife.
You are right in a sense. If you had asked someone in the fourteenth century why he wanted to be buried next to a saint he would have told you some story about her holiness being present in the bones even if she was in heaven and how it was important to his salvation because being near the bones connected him with someone who had the ear of God. If you pushed him and asked whether God would let him into heaven even if he had died at sea or if the relics had been stolen he would have said yes, I guess so. If we could ask the great communist historian Eric Hobsbawm why he wanted his ashes, identical to everyone else's ashes, buried—at great expense—in a large tomb near Marx his answer would have been that he wanted to be with his comrades. But, we could reply, your comrades are gone; there is only mere matter here; wouldn't a plaque do? No, he would say, I need to be there. And so on. My point is that I suspect we—those who survive and those who while alive contemplate our being eventually among the dead—will always need them and will be forever inventive in how we ask them to work for us.
Shenk: The book mixes wide-ranging but recognizably historical sections with examinations of what you call "the deep time of the dead" that borrow more from anthropology than history. Sometimes, questions about change over time predominate; at other times, the search for universals that cut across the centuries has the upper hand. What led you to combine these approaches? What does this fusion tell us about the uses the dead serve for the living?
Laqueur: The great weight of all human history gives the dead meaning at the most general level. Specific meanings emerge from the sort of historical moments to which you point. So the French Revolutionaries began to cremate some of their important dead to a make an anti-clerical, indeed anti-religious gesture through appropriating Roman republican practice. And the church opposed cremation well into the twentieth century because of a variety of associations beginning in the revolutionary era. So, the significance and care of the dead is a universal that is appropriated in specific contexts for specific purposes more or less urgently. I think there are especially intense moments and exigent spaces for the work of the dead. "Nowhere are the dead more alive than in Spain," Federico García Lorca said.
Shenk: You write in the preface that when you started researching this book more than thirty years ago its title was "The Meaning of Death in Post-Reformation Britain." The scope of your inquiry has, obviously, changed since then. How did the project evolve in the years that you worked on it? What kept you returning to this subject?
Laqueur: Let's be clear: I started researching forty years ago. And the scope has narrowed rather than expanded. I thought I was working on a history of the meaning of death—an impossible if not entirely incoherent undertaking. I could only write the book when I came to focus on the history of the work of the dead, understood as the dead body, as it shaped civilizations, polities, communities, classes, families, and so on. Of course the dead body does its work because of its relationship to the far vaster world of the dead, but I can play off that tension rather than taking on all death and the dead in general. The book still constitutes a vast topic but one in which I could research and write about particular changes in specific places. Once I lit upon Diogenes the Cynic as the voice to be answered the book fell into place.
Shenk: While you were researching this book, you also found time to write two others—a history of sex that runs from antiquity into the twentieth century, and a history of masturbation that is similarly wide ranging. Sex, masturbation, and now death—how does this book fit into the arc of your career?
Laqueur: I think all of my work is about how we give meaning to the body. I think the case of the dead body is more puzzling because the default answer is that it means nothing more than the body of a beast. That has never, except in extremis, been an acceptable answer.
Thomas W. Laqueur is the Helen Fawcett Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley. His books include Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud and Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation. He is a regular contributor to the London Review of Books.
Timothy Shenk is a graduate student in history at Columbia University and a Dissent contributing editor. He is the author of Maurice Dobb: Political Economist.


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SEC: Trillium Asset Management Files Proxy Memo in Support of Proposal to Adopt Whistleblower Protections
The memo urges for a third-party review analyzing whistleblower policies at the company because of what Trilliam Asset Management calls multiple "red flags," in recent months. These "red flags" include the firings of Timnit Gebru and Margaret Mitchell of the Google Ethical AI Team, the formation of the Alphabet Workers Union, and media reports of sexism and racism in the workplace. Trilliam Asset Management asserts that these "red flags" are "threatening the company's reputation and it's ability to attract top-tier talent and posing a human rights risk."
AfroTech: Black Employees Leaving Slack at Alarming Rates Forces the Company to Address Diversity Issues
Slack revealed in an annual diversity report that only 4.5% of their workforce is Black, and that its diversity numbers are actually getting worse over time. Though Slack says they aren't sure why they're losing so many Black employees, it has launched a set of business development tools for Black employees, is offering dedicated mental health support, and is partnering with Raheem, a nonprofit focused on eliminating police brutality, by paying the salary for a new engineering role.
Yael Eisenstat: Tech CEO to Workforce: Shut Up, Get Back to Work, and Ignore Those Annoying Critics
In a recent Medium post, Techworker advisor Yael Eisenstat discusses how Basecamp founders' new rules on political discussion are in some ways symptomatic of a larger problem in tech culture. Though Basecamp doesn't have the same potential to cause societal harm as her former workplace, Facebook, she believes that the Basecamp founders are influential enough to spark a trend throughout the tech industry, as evidenced by the support of Coinbase's Brian Armstrong. She also compares the new rules at Facebook to behavior she saw exhibited while at Facebook, where she says she had difficulty thoroughly dissecting problems and the product's consequences on society because of a resistance from her manager.
Thomson Reuters Foundation Long Reads: Risks for South Africa's Food Couriers Surge During the Pandemic
Road accidents involving food couriers in South Africa jumped 30% during the pandemic, according to data obtained by the Thomson Reuters Foundation. 70-95% of a total 6,400 active food delivery drivers in the country are migrants, many of whom traveled to the country for work over the last 15 months. Categorized as independent contractors, these workers are mostly ineligible for protections like workers compensation or overtime pay.
Insider: IBM Is Hunting for a Smaller NYC Office Now That 80% of its Employees Won't Come In Every Day. It's a Sign of the Times.
Vice President of Enterprise Operations for IBM, Joanne Wright, told Insider that the company was searching for a 300,000 square foot office space in Manhattan — a 40% reduction from the 500,000 square feet they said they were seeking last summer. The change is a sign that IBM is serious about their commitment to remote work.
Insider: The Gourmet Free Food that Facebook Lavished on Employees Won't Be On the Menu When They Return to the Office
Many workers choose to work at companies like Facebook and Google at least in part for their lavish perks, including free food. However, executive chef for Facebook's New York offices Eton Chan said the company will be offering only an abbreviated menu of prepackaged meals and snacks when workers begin returning to work in July. Before the pandemic, Chan was serving 50,000 free meals per week at the New York office.
Konnor Rogers: An Ongoing List of Basecamp Employees Who Publicly Quit After CEOs Banned 'Political' Discussions
According to Insider, the list comprises about one third of employees at the company.
Insider: Amazon Was Ranked by LinkedIn as the Best Place to Grow Your Career. But the List Omitted Major Factors Like Pay and Race.
Though LinkedIn listed Amazon as the #1 place for young techworkers to grow their careers, an investigation by Insider showed that LinkedIn didn't account for crucial criteria like racial diversity. Two months ago, diversity managers at Amazon told Recode that Black employees were promoted less frequently and rated more harshly than peers.
VentureBeat: Black Women, AI, and Overcoming Historical Patterns of Abuse
A trio of MIT researchers published a report earlier this year titled the Abuse and Misogynoir Playbook, breaking down how the intersection of sexism and racism impacts Black women in professional spaces. In it, they lay out an easy-to-understand 5-step process which describes how Black women are systematically silenced and reprimanded. As a case study they analyze the events leading up to Timnit Gebru's firing from Google. Their research shows that misogynoir is not only all-too common, but also reflects a larger historical pattern rooted in colonialism.
The Conversation: Post Office Scandal Reveals a Hidden World of Outsourced IT the (UK) Government Trusts But Does Not Understand
Hundreds of UK residents were charged with unwarranted convictions of theft, fraud, and false accounting between 2000 and 2014. On April 23, the UK court of appeals reversed convictions of 39 Post Office workers accused of causing the mistake, squarely placing the blame instead on the organization's Horizon IT System. The scandal reveals the way the UK government has systematically outsourced responsibility to external IT companies and the consequences of scapegoating these it company's workers.
The New York Times: The Googleplex of the Future Has Privacy Robots, Meeting, Tents, and Your Very Own Balloon Wall
When Google surveyed their employees about how many days they wished to return to work, numbers were evenly split between 0 and 5 days a week. For that reason, Google is pursuing a fully hybrid remote work model, and redesigning their office spaces to make people more comfortable in a post-pandemic world. Some of the most nifty features include desks which adjust to individual employees' preferences with the swipe of a badge and robots that detect whether work is confidential and inflate balloon walls to block other workers' view.
Bloomberg: Amazon Spending $1 Billion on Early Pay Bump for Hourly Workers
Amazon will be introducing raises ranging from 50 cents to $3 an hour for over 500,000 workers in their logistics division, a move intended to boost hiring in their fastest growing sector. Amazon was criticized during the failed campaign to unionize in Bessemer, Alabama for having wages lower than competitors in the logistics industry, despite starting at $15 an hour. Workers also report increased overtime shifts in recent weeks, a sign that Amazon may be short staffed.
Bloomberg: Google Is Saving Over $1 Billion a Year by Working From Home
According to a recent company filing, Google saved $268 million in travel, entertainment, and other perks for employees during a period in the COVID-19 pandemic. On an annualized basis, that would be more than $1 billion a year. Google has said they will pursue a partially in-person "hybrid" model starting later this year.
David Heinemeier Hansson: Let it All Out
In a Wednesday blog post from Basecamp co-founder David Heinemeier Hansson, he detailed recent reporting in The Verge about internal conflict at the company over DEI issues. In it, he shared some of the emails that have been sent to employees about the matter and explained 'his side' of how events transpired. He also announced that, upon hearing many employees were looking to leave, Basecamp would offer generous severance packages of 3 or 6 months' salary depending on how long the employee had worked there. The move seems to signal that the founders are not interested in changing their new policy banning political discussions in the work place.
The Verge: Breaking Camp
The founders of Basecamp sparked debate in Silicon Valley this week when they banned political discussions in the workplace. According to six employees who spoke with The Verge, however, the political discussions happening at Basecamp all focused on the company itself. For example, workers discovered a 10-year-old list in 2009 which early employees used to keep track of customers they thought had funny-sounding names. Many employees found the list not only irresponsible, but often racist. In another instance, a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) committee's report, which connected the list to broader systemic oppression, led to founder David Heinemeier Hansson publicly humiliating an employee in front of the entire company. Given that most "political" discussions intersected with those of the company, workers are left confused about what parts of their lives and opinions they can share. They also describe the move as a 180 degree turn in the company's culture, which praised "opinionated software" and "opinionated people." Many of Basecamp's employees are already looking for new jobs.
Politico: Gig Companies Seek to Sway Biden's Pro-Union Task Force
In Politico's morning tech newsletter, new reporting revealed that industry groups are attempting to influence Biden's newly appointed Pro-Union Task Force, signed in via executive order Monday. The task force is set to advise on whether the federal government can reclassify workers as full-time employees. Chamber of Progress, an industry group made up of members like Lyft, Doordash, Lime and Uber is just one of the groups trying to exert their influence. In a statement, Chamber of Progress CEO Adam Kovacevich said "I hope that the task force can encourage more experimentation...that can help achieve many of [the goals of unionization] and take into account how people want to work."
All Access: NPR Voluntarily Recognizes Union of Tech Workers
63 workers in NPR's Digital Media Division have decided to unionize under NABET-CWA Local 31. On Wednesday morning, NPR voluntarily recognized the union, formally titled "Digital Media United." The union said in a statement, "we hope the success of our campaign is part of a greater wave in tech organizing that will positively impact the efforts of fellow technologists across the industry."
Insider: Basecamp Employees are Distraught Over the Company's Policy Changes. And a Diversity Council had to Shut Down Before its First Meeting.
After Basecamp CEO wrote a controversial blog post outlining new codes of conduct for employees Monday, several of those employees took to social media to express their frustration. Most controversial of the new rules is that which bans political conversation in the workplace. "Todays policy changes are disheartening and fill me with sadness. I'm angry for my friends that have lost their voices," wrote one employee, named John Williams, on Twitter. The changes also came just days before the company's diversity council held their first official meeting, giving them just two weeks to wind down their work. Basecamp cofounders Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson have responded to the criticism by doubling down in new blog posts, and Heinemeier Hansson told Insider employee reactions are split.
SEC: Alphabet Proxy Statement Filed; Recommend Voting Against Whistleblower Proposal
An Alphabet proxy statement was filed with the SEC Friday evening, including different shareholder proposals before the board of directors this year, and including the company's recommendation for each proposal. Notably, the board recommends voting against proposals urging whistleblower protections at the company and another urging the company to hire a board member focused on civil rights. In a particularly notable assertion, the board chairmen writes that "the company has made significant progress in continuing to build products, especially in AI, ethically and responsibly" — despite the highly controversial firings of AI ethics co-leads Timnit Gebru and Margaret Mitchell.
NBC: Gig Workers Fear Carjacking, Other Violence Amid Spike in Crimes
Across the US, gig workers are facing an increased threat of carjacking, gun violence, and even kidnapping. Many of these workers are looking or already care firearms, tasers, and knives despite being prohibited by most gig company's rules. Gig companies consistently state that driver's safety is a top priority, with Uber in particular recently instituting new safety measures like additional verification requirements for customers using anonymous payment methods. However, app-based workers demand better protections.
More from Techworker
Techworkers are powerful. In the past year they've forced change on harassment, discrimination, election interference and countless other shady business practices inside the world's richest companies. When they speak, CEOs panic.


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Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the future of urology?
Urologists are positive about growth and demand, but wary of reimbursement issues.
"I 'm pessimistic about how we're going to be able to handle the aging population with limited resources. I'm also somewhat pessimistic in that I think funding for research and innovation in new technology will continue to decrease as well.
In general, we'll continue to have more patients to see. It could be a battle to learn how to streamline the inflow.
I'm sure we'll be busy in the future, but we will have to work harder for what we're making now. You always have debate about whether prostate cancer should be treated with radiation or surgery; that will continue. It's important for us to stay on top of the technological advances. Urologists need to be on the forefront of the technology advances in the future."
"The future of urology is good. There's a lot of urologic disease and with people living to be older, there will be a lot more people for urologists to treat. There will be no shortage of business. We'll have all the business we can handle; there will be a shortage of urologists.
I'm approaching the end of my career, but I enjoy my practice, the patients, and the people I work with. I want to hang in for a few more years, and I hope things won't be so difficult that we can't work. There's always going to be a demand; whether or not we'll be reimbursed fairly is the big unknown.
Even if you bring in mid-levels, there's certain things only urologists can do. There will be some care for which they may try to supplant us with primary care and mid-level providers, but a lot of PCPs and mid-levels aren't comfortable doing a lot of the things we do. They call us to do it. They send us patients every day that they don't want to deal with."
Nicholas Quinif, MD
"My view of urology is quite optimistic because urology specializes in diseases that disproportionately affect the aging population. Looking at the demographics of our country, the patient base is increasing while the number of urologists is quite stable.
Different parts of the county have urologist shortages, and regional patient populations suffer from a lack of urologic care due to that. Readily available care for patients is a concern, but when it comes to a personal practice standpoint, urology should only improve.
Overall, unfortunately, the practice of medicine in this country is a concern given the uncertainty of physician reimbursement and the escalating costs of health care. In addition, the percentage of gross domestic product dedicated to health care seems to be growing at an unsustainable rate. At some point, it seems something will have to give. I fear it will be the physicians of this country who bear the financial brunt of that. We're going to be seeing more patients, but we'll be reimbursed less per patient."
Nicholas Leone, MD
"I 'm still very optimistic. Urology will require more and more people coming into the field because it's understaffed to meet the demand of the aging population in this country.
In addition, of all the different specialties, urology is still the most interesting in terms of innovation, with the advent of laparoscopic surgery, the use of robots for minimally invasive surgery, the emergence of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and advanced ways of performing minimally invasive surgery using endourology, ureteroscopy, etc. This is still the mindset in urology-to continue this kind of innovative process.
Our practice has been growing and expanding though the recession, so I am optimistic for the future of urology. Potential changes in health care may hinder some progress, but no one knows for sure. Despite that, we're moving on and progressing."
Nicholas Franco, MD
Karen Nash is a medical reporter and media consultant based in Sioux Falls, SD.