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Sexual abuse in US Army: erasing extensive powers of military officers the only way to ensure justice – US Attorney Military sex assault reports jump 46%
Air Force Bases where our military lawyers defend court martial cases
By admin On December 1, 2013 · Add Comment · In Lawyers
Below are US Air Force Bases where our military lawyers defend court martial cases and administrative actions.
This list is courtesy of Militarybases.com
Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, Colorado
For years, even before the Air Force became its own separate branch, many service members insisted that the military needed a special school that would be focused solely on training the future Airmen of the United States.
Aitos Logistics Center, Aitos, Bulgaria
Aitos Logistics Center is one of the multitude of military bases run by the United States of America on foreign territories. This one is located in Bulgaria, in the southeastern part of the country.
Al Udeid Air Base, Doha, Qatar
The Al Udeid Air Base is a military base located west of Doha Qatar and is owned by the Qatar Emiri Air Force. It is home to the headquarters of United States Central Command (USCC) and United State Air Force Central Command.
Altus AFB, Altus, Oklahoma
Training and preparing over 3000 pilots and maintenance technicians every year, Altus AFB is one of the most important military facilities established in Oklahoma.
Andersen AFB, Yigo, Guam
Andersen Air Force Base Guam is one of the few US military bases that can brag about being located in a living paradise. It is a little over 6 km far from Yigo, in the northern part of Guam.
Andrews AFB, Camp Springs, Maryland
Andrews AFB Maryland is a United States facility run by the Air Force and situated in Prince George's County. The base is named after Frank M. Andrews, one of the most important commanders during World War II.
Arnold AFB, Tullahoma, Tennessee
The Arnold AFB Tennessee – named after the Air Force father Henry Arnold – is currently the largest, most advanced and professional flight simulation center in the world. There are around 60 propulsion wind tunnels.
Aviano Air Base, Aviano, Italy
The National Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has made it possible for the Aviano air force base to be established under the United States Air Force commission.
Bagram Air Base, Parvan Province, Afghanistan
Bagram Air Base is operated jointly by the United States Army and Air Force. Occupying forces include the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. Coalition Forces and civilians complete the constitution of the base.
Barksdale AFB, Bossier City, Louisiana
Named in the memory of the World War I pilot Eugene Hoy Barksdale who died in 1926 in an unfortunate plane crash, Barksdale AFB is an Air Force operated military facility located in the northwestern area of Louisiana.
Barry M. Goldwater Range, Phoenix, Arizona
Located relatively close to the Mexican borders, Barry M. Goldwater Range is used for bombing exercises by the Air Force and the Marine Corps. The planes used for training include the powerful A 10, F 16, F 18 and AV BB Harrier.
Beale AFB, Marysville, California
Beale AFB California is rich in culture and history and is considered across America as the most popular show place in the United States Air Force, housing the most technologically advanced equipment and aircrafts in the world.
Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, Hawaii
Bellows Air Force Station is one of the oldest bases in the United States, established in 1917 and initially called Waimanalo. Although it has a rich past, its present days are not that glorious from a military point of view.
Bezmer Air Base, Yambol, Bulgaria
Bezmer Air Base is one of the few military bases run by the United States of America in Bulgaria. It is located in the Yambol area, only 10 km away from Yambol and closer to Bolyarsko.
Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C., Washington DC
Bolling AFB is one of the two small military facilities forming the more powerful Joint Base Anaconda-Bolling from Washington DC. The other base is Naval Support Facility Anaconda.
Brooks City-Base, San Antonio, Texas
Brooks City-Base is located 11 km away from San Antonio and is operated by the local authorities. The local authorities have gained the control over the base in 2002, after an agreement between them and the government.
Buckley AFB, Aurora, Colorado
Buckley AFB is located in Aurora, Colorado just minutes from Denver. The base is situated against a backdrop of the Rocky Mountains. The base was formerly a National Guard base.
Cannon AFB, Curry, New Mexico
Established about 10 km from Clovis, in the eastern part of New Mexico, Cannon AFB is run by the Air Force and responsible with testing operations, tactics and new techniques with the latest aircrafts in the Air Force.
Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Cheyenne Mountain is located close to Colorado Springs, in the El Paso county. It hosts an Air Force station and represents one of the toughest military constructions in the United States of America.
Clear Air Force Station, Denali Borough, Alaska
As one of the most important defensive bases on the United States territory, Clear Air Force Base Alaska is responsible for the detection of submarine missiles and ICBMs. It is the first base detecting the incoming dangers.
Columbus AFB, Lowndes, Mississippi
Columbus AFB is a small air base located in Mississippi nine miles south of the city of Columbus, in the northeastern part of Mississippi. The base is surrounded by small towns with the nearest city with population over 50,000.
Creech AFB, Indian Springs, Nevada
Creech AFB Nevada is an Air Force operated base and among the most important fighters in the so called War on Terror. The base is located in the Clark County, only 56 km from Las Vegas.
Davis-Monthan AFB, Tucson, Arizona
Davis-Monthan AFB Arizona is one of the most active military bases in the United States. It is operated by the Air Force and located within the city limits of Tucson.
Dover AFB, Dover, Delaware
Dover AFB is an Air Force operated military base located only 3 km away from Dover, in the western side of Delaware. It spreads over 1.7 square km and a small part of it is a census designated spot.
Dyess AFB, Abilene, Texas
Dyess Air Force base is located on the southern edge of the city of Abilene, Texas in Taylor County. Abilene has a population of 100,000 people and is considered the economic center of a 22 county area in West Texas.
Edwards AFB, Edwards, California
Edwards Air Force Base has been host to some of the most extensive aircraft testing in the United States. While the base started out humbly, it now has much acclaim.
Eglin AFB, Valparaiso, Florida
Eglin AFB is situated on the Gulf Coast of Florida, also referred to as the Emerald Coast. The base is three miles from Valparaiso, Florida which is in Okaloosa County. The population of Valparaiso is 5,840.
Eielson AFB, North Pole, Alaska
Eielson AFB Alaska is an Air Force based located close to Moose Creek. The base operates as a training field for the Air Force, not to mention about the close air support and offensive operations.
Ellsworth AFB, Rapid City, South Dakota
The U.S. state of South Dakota is home to Ellsworth Air Force Base – and the 28th Bomb Wing. The wing is part of 12th Air Force, and is overseen by Air Combat Command. The base came into being as Rapid City Army Air Base.
Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Alaska
The Elmendorf AFB, Alaska is one of the two major camps that form the more important Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson camp. The installation is part of Anchorage, the largest human settlement in Alaska.
Eskan Village Air Base, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
While US military sites are scattered throughout various part of the globe, the country of Saudi Arabia does have the Eskan Village Air Base Saudi Arabia as a functioning and welcoming army base.
Fairchild AFB, Spokane, Washington
Named after the honored World War 1 aviator, General Muir Fairchild, FAB or Fairchild Air Base is located in Washington. The exact location is in Spokane.
Francis E. Warren AFB, Cheyenne, Wyoming
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base has a completely different mission from most of the other U.S. Air Force bases. It is one of only three of its kind – a strategic missile base. The base is home to the 90th Missile Wing.
Goodfellow AFB, San Angelo, Texas
Unlike most air bases in the United States, the Goodfellow AFB is a non-flying base. Its primary purpose is to serve as a training ground for the personnel in the U. S. Air Force, Army, Marine Corps and the Navy.
Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
In the second largest city of Bulgaria, is the country's pride, which happens to be its primary defense system. Graf Ignatievo Air Base is situated in Garf Ignatievo, a village in Plovdiv.
Grand Forks AFB, Emerado, North Dakota
Grand Forks Air Force Base is located 15 miles west of the city of Grand Forks. Grand Forks has a population of 50,000 and is home to the University of North Dakota. The city nearest to the base is Emerado.
Grissom Air Reserve Base, Kokomo, Indiana
Named after Colonel Vergil Ivan Grissom, more commonly known as Gus Grissom, the Grissom Air Reserve Base is located in Indiana. Colonel Guss Grissom lost his life during the Apollo accident in Florida.
Hanscom AFB, Bedford, Massachusetts
Located almost 3 km from Bedford, Hanscom AFB is a combination between a military base and a civilian base. As a military base, the place is under the command of the Air Force Materiel Command.
Hickam AFB, Honolulu, Hawaii
The base is often called Hickam Air Force Base, however, an official name change was made in 2010. At that time, Naval Station Pearl Harbor joined with Hickam in accordance with the Base Realignment and Closure Law.
Hill AFB, Ogden, Utah
As the sixth largest and most important employer in Utah, Hill AFB is located in the northern side of the state, close to Odgen and Clearfield. It is almost 50 km from Salt Lake City. The base is run by the Air Force and named in …
Holloman AFB, Otero, New Mexico
Named in the memory of George V. Holloman, a missile research pioneer, Holloman AFB is located only 10 km from Alamogordo, in the southern part of New Mexico. It is run by the US Air Force and "hidden" between two mountainous areas.
Hurlburt Field, Mary Esther, Florida
Hurlbert Field Air Force Base is actually part of Eglin AFB in Florida. It is an unusual arrangement whereby each base has housing, but military members from Eglin can receive housing at Hurlbert, and vice versa.
Incirlik Air Base, Incirlik, Turkey
Incirlik Air Base is one of the major strategically located US military bases. The base is in Turkey, which means that it is operated by both the US and the Turkish governments, unlike other co-bases.
Izmir Air Base, Izmir, Turkey
Izmir Air Base, Turkey is one of the strategic military installations run by the US Air Force in Europe. It is almost 400 km away from Istanbul, in one of the oldest and largest cities of Turkey. It is also close to the Aegean Sea.
Joint Base Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina
Joint Base Charleston South Carolina is one of the 12 new bases on the US territory, which showed up after the 2005 congressional legislation implying the base consolidation by merging multiple bases.
Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan
Recognized as the "Keystone of the Pacific," the Kadena Air Base is positioned on the island of Okinawa, Japan and is the biggest Air Force installation in the Pacific locality.
Keesler AFB, Biloxi, Mississippi
Located in the Harrison County, Keesler Air Force Base Mississippi is among the few bases operated by the Air Force in this state. It was built in the southern part of the state and named in the memory of Samuel Reeves Keesler Jr.
King Abdul Aziz Air Base, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
King Abdul Aziz Air Base is a Royal Saudi Air Force operated military installation. It is named in the memory of King Abdul Aziz, also referred to as Ibn Saud among the citizens.
King Fahd Air Base, Saudi Arabia
King Fahd Air Base in an inactivated military airfield that currently serves for commercial and civilian flights. It holds the record for the largest and widest airport in the world, covering over 780 square km.
King Khalid Air Base, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
King Khalid Air Base – also referred to as the King Khalid International Airport – is one of the closest airports to the Arabian capital Riyadh.
Kirtland AFB, Bernalillo, New Mexico
Located in the southern part of Albuquerque, Kirtland AFB is adjacent to the international sunport in the area. It is run by the Air Force and located somehow in the central part of New Mexico.
Kunsan Air Base, Gunsan, South Korea
Kunsan Air Base is one of the multitude of military bases run by the US Air Force in Asia. It is located in South Korea, close to the Yellow Sea. It is in the western part of the country and about 240 km away from Seoul.
Lackland AFB, San Antonio, Texas
Lackland is a U.S. Air Force base that is located in San Antonio, Texas and is named after Brigadier General Frank Lackland. It is currently under the authority of the 802d Mission Support Group.
Lajes Field, Lajes, Portugal
Lajes Field – also referred to as Air Base #4 – is a Portuguese military installation run by the Portuguese Air Force. It is a multi use facility that hosts a few units from other countries as well.
Langley AFB, Hampton, Virginia
Initially built as a solitary base in Hampton, Langley AFB Virginia has recently merged with Fort Eustis in October, 2010. These days, it is run by both the ACC (Air Combat Command) and the US Air Force 633rd Air Base Wing.
Laughlin AFB, Del Rio, Texas
Laughlin AFB is located in the southwestern part of Texas, only 8 km away from Del Rio. It is controlled by the Air Force and represents the largest military base dealing with pilot training sessions in USAF.
Little Rock AFB, Jacksonville, Arkansas
Little Rock Air Force Base is a military installation run by the Air Force and placed less than 30 km away from Little Rock. It is unique through the training and schooling equipment.
Los Angeles AFB, El Segundo, California
Los Angeles Air Force Base is located in El Segundo, California. The base is located very near the Los Angeles Airport. The base is garrisoned by the 61st Air Base Wing.
Luke AFB, Glendale, Arizona
Luke AFB is an Air Force operated base close to Phoenix and Glendale. It is one of the largest bases in the world and the only one out there that can successfully train F-16 Falcon pilots.
MacDill AFB, Tampa, Florida
Operated by the Air Force, MacDill AFB is located close to Tampa, on the western side of Florida. It hosts over 3000 military troops, as well as 12000 other soldiers belonging to over 50 mission partners and associate troops.
Malmstrom AFB, Cascade, Montana
As one of the only three military bases run by the Air Force that can operate the Minuteman III missiles for intercontinental use, Malmstrom AFB is located in the Cascade County, in the center of Montana.
March Air Reserve Base, Riverside, California
March Air Reserve Base is one of the oldest military camps established in the United States, with its history beginnings dating back to 1918. It is located in the southern part of the state, between Moreno Valley and Riverside.
Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, Alabama
Maxwell-Gunter AFB is a military installation established in Montgomery and operated by the Air Force. It is named in the memory of William C. Maxwell, a native lieutenant.
McChord AFB, Tacoma, Washington
McChord AFB is one of the two military bases merged in order to form the more powerful Joint Base Lewis-McChord. The other base is Fort Lewis. The two facilities were forced to merge on February 1, 2010.
McConnell AFB, Sedgwick, Kansas
McConnell AFB is one of the few military bases around the United States of America with the clear objective to perform air refueling activities for any type of aircraft. It is located in the Sedwick County, close to Wichita.
, New Hanover, New Jersey
McGuire Air Force Base is located almost 30 km away from Trenton and one of the 24 bases that were directly forced by the US government to merge in order to complete each other.
Minot AFB, Ward, North Dakota
Minot AFB is located in the northern part of North Dakota, 21 km away from Minot, in the Ward County. It is a census designated place. In 2010, the place hosted a little over 5500 inhabitants..
Misawa Air Base, Misawa, Japan
Misawa Air Base is located in the Honshu Island of Japan, only 5 km away from the Pacific Ocean. It is run by the Pacific Air Forces and represents the one and only combined military base in the Pacific.
Moody AFB, Valdosta, Georgia
Spread over two counties – Lanier and Lowndes – and less than 15 km away from Valdosta, Moody Air Force Base is one of the multitude of military installations built to support World War II.
Morón Air Base, Morón de la Frontera, Spain
Spread over a large territory in Andalusia, Spain, Morón Air Base is one of the most strategic points controlled by the Americans in Europe. It is located in the southern part of Spain, about 50 km from Sevilla.
Mountain Home AFB, Elmore, Idaho
Mountain Home AFB is a military base run by the Air Force in the Elmore County, Idaho. It host the famous Gunfighters. Its general objective is to support air combat power operations, regardless of their location over the world.
Nellis AFB, Clark, Nevada
Nellis Air Force Base is one of the Air Force bases controlled by the ACC – Air Combat Nevada. It is in the immediate proximity of Las Vegas, around 11 km, in the southern side of Nevada.
Offutt AFB, Bellevue, Nebraska
Located in the eastern side of Nebraska, Offutt AFB is named in the memory of Jarvis Jennes Offutt, the first citizen of Omaha who died during World War I. He passed away after his SE 5 aircraft crashed in France.
Osan Air Base, Songtan, South Korea
Osan Air Base is one of the few military bases located in South Korea, only 64 km away from Seoul. The general objective of this base is to ensure the protection of South Korea from all points of view.
Patrick AFB, Brevard, Florida
Located between Cocoa Beach and Satellite Beach in Florida, Patrick Air Force Base is home of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and the Eastern Range. History of the Base Originally operating as Naval Air Station Banana River.
Peterson AFB, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Peterson Air Force Base is located in the El Paso County and is well known in the area for the runways provided to the adjacent local airport – Colorado Springs Municipal Airport.
Pope AFB, Manchester, North Carolina
Pope AFB is an Air Force operated military base located in the Cumberland County, less than 20 km away from Fayetteville. It is in the central part of North Carolina. History The facility was established as Camp Bragg.
RAF Alconbury, Alconbury, United Kingdom
Royal Air Force Alconbury is a British military base located in Cambridgeshire, in the southeastern part of the United Kingdom. It is less than 100 km from London and only 8 km from Huntingdon.
RAF Croughton, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
RAF Croughton is by far the most important military bases run by the United States of America in Europe. It is located in Northamptonshire, in the central part of the United Kingdom. It is one of the widest military switchboards.
RAF Fairford, Fairford, United Kingdom
RAF Mildenhall is located in Suffolk, relatively close to communities in Mildenhall. It is among the most populated American bases located in the United Kingdom. It hosts over 16,000 employees – both military and civilian.
RAF Lakenheath, Lakenheath, United Kingdom
Royal Air Force Lakenheath is a RAF military base that is run and operated by the US Air Force. It exclusively hosts American troops. It is located in Suffolk, in the eastern part of the United Kingdom.
RAF Menwith Hill, Harrogate, United Kingdom
RAF Menwith Hill is a co-base run by the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It is located in the central part of the kingdom, in North Yorkshire. The military base deals with intelligence and communication services.
RAF Mildenhall, Mildenhall, United Kingdom
RAF Mildenhall was opened in the early 1930s to provide British air capabilities in Europe, though it did not receive its first squadron of aircraft until 1934. The airbase saw significant service throughout World War II.
Ramstein Air Base, Kaiserslautern, Germany
Ramstein Air Base is a United States air force base located in German Rhineland. It is NATO's (National Atlantic Treaty organization) central base for units and trainings.
Randolph AFB, Universal City, Texas
Randolph AFB is an Air Force operated military base located in the middle of Texas, only 24 km away from San Antonio. It is also part of Joint Base San Antonio, along with Fort Sam Houston and Lackland Air Force Base.
Riyadh Air Base, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Riyadh Air Base, Saudi Arabia is one of the most important American bases due to the strategic location. It is right in the Middle East, giving the American troops the chance to easily support their potential invasions in the area.
Robins AFB, Houston, Georgia
Robins Air Force Base, Georgia is located in the Houston County, close to Warner Robins, right in the middle of the state. The military base is about 160 km far from Atlanta. It is named in the memory of Augustine Warner Robins.
Schriever AFB, El Paso, Colorado
Located close to Colorado Springs in the central part of Colorado, Schriever AFB is operated by the Air Force and one of the few military bases located in the area. It is only 16 km away from Peterson AFB.
Scott AFB, St. Clair, Illinois
Scott AFB is one of the multiple US military bases operated by the Air Force. It is located in Illinois, close to Belleville, somewhere in the southern side of the state. The name is given in the honor of the first enlisted US pilot.
Selfridge ANGB, Harrison, Michigan
Selfridge ANGB is a strategic Air Force guard base located in the northern part of the United States, close to Mount Clemens. Its name comes after the first pilot who died in a crash while on an Orville Wright plane.
Seymour Johnson AFB, Goldsboro, North Carolina
Located close to Goldsboro, Seymour Johnson AFB is named in the honor of a Goldsboro native pilot – Seymour Johnson. The base is operated by the Air Force and is one of the widest military bases in North Carolina.
Shaw AFB, Sumter, South Carolina
Shaw AFB is currently one of the largest military bases in the United States of America. It is operated by the Air Force – more precisely, by the Air Combat Command. It is located in the central side of South Carolina.
Sheppard AFB, Wichita Falls, Texas
Built in the northern part of the state, Sheppard AFB is the most important and largest site for Air Education and Training Command. It is not just large, but also widely diversified.
Spangdahlem Air Base, Trier, Germany
Spangdahlem Air Base is a United States Air Force installation. It is home to the 52nd Fighter Wing, which is supported by various subordinate groups that specialize in operations, maintenance, logistics, medical and personnel supplies.
Thule Air Base, Thule, Greenland
Located more than 1100 km north from the Arctic Circle and about 1500 km away from the North Pole, Thule Air Base is the northernmost military base located of the United States of America. It is located in the eastern part of Greenland.
Tinker AFB, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Tinker AFB is located right in the middle of Oklahoma, close to Midwest City. It is among the military facilities of high importance due to the US Navy tenants and the multiple missions of the Department of Defense.
Transit Center at Manas, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Unofficially known as the Ganci Air Base, Transit Center at Manas is a military base run by the United States of America in Kyrgyzstan. It is located near the international airport, close to Bishkek, in the northern part of the country.
Travis AFB, Fairfield, California
All of the air force military bases located all over the United States and even the whole world have long and treasured histories that not only contribute to the continued success of each military installations.
Tyndall AFB, Panama City, Florida
Tyndall Air Force Base is located on the Gulf Coast of Florida, which is also known as the Emerald Coast. Situated 12 miles east of Panama City in Bay County, Tyndall Air Force Base is home to the 325th Fighter Wing.
Vance AFB, Enid, Oklahoma
Located in the city of Enid in Oklahoma, Vance AFB is named in the memory of Leon Robert Vance Jr., who was awarded with the Medal of Honor for his missions in World War II. The military facility is operated by the US Air Force.
Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, California
Vadenberg AFB is located close to Lompoc and under the ruling of the AFSC (Air Force Space Command). It is named in the memory of General Hoyt S. Vandenberg. It is one of the most important bases on the US territory.
Westover ARB, Westover, Massachusetts
Westover ARB is the largest and widest Air Reserve Base in the United States of America. It is close to Springfield and within the city limits of Ludlow and Chicopee, in the southern part of Oklahoma.
Whiteman AFB, Johnson, Missouri
Whiteman Air Force Base is located in Knob Knoster, Missouri which is approximately 60 miles southeast of Kansas City, Missouri in rural Johnson County. The base is home to 3800 active duty military and 5000 family members.
Wright-Patterson AFB, Montgomery, Ohio
Located close to Dayton and spreading over two counties in Ohio – Montgomery and Greene, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is currently the largest military base operated by the Air Force on the United States territory.
Yokota Air Base, Fussa, Japan
Yokota Air Base is one of the US military bases set up on the territory of Japan after World War II. It is located in one of the 26 major cities of Western Tokyo – Fussa. It covers more than 136000 square km.


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Episode 338 : Leftover Gravy Train.
Posted in Podcasts Tags: 2D marriage, anime, anime DVDs, boku no hero academia, collectables, cosplay, KFC, manga, My Hero Academia, otaku, Ranma 1/2, rap battle, restaraunt, sailor moon, seramyu, tamagotchi, Ultraman, video games Comments Off on Episode 338 : Leftover Gravy Train.
Episode 305 : Anime Matsuri 2017!
Posted in Podcasts Tags: anime, anime matsuri, aqours, Attack on Titan, aural vampire, cosplay, dance, dancing, Funimation, ghost in the shell, houston, Love Live, love live sunshine, maid cafe, manga, muse, Naruto, overwatch, panels, rave, sailor moon, sailor senshi, seramyu, Takarazuka, texas, videogame Comments Off on Episode 305 : Anime Matsuri 2017!
Episodes 214 and 215 Update!
Posted in Podcasts Tags: anime, classic anime, concert tickets, conventions, cooking, cosplay, fire department, indecent exposure, Love Live, manga, Naruto, pocky, principal, ramen, Sakura Matsuri, saw, seramyu, Vampire Hunter D, video games, Yurikuma Arashi Comments Off on Episodes 214 and 215 Update!


The Urban Institute's study on teen dating and digital abuse surveyed 5,647 teens to better understand how many have been affected by abuse and harassment. One in four dating teens is abused or harassed online or through texts by their partners, according the largest survey to date on the subject. Victims of digital abuse and harassment are 2 times as likely to be physically abused, 2.5 times as likely to be psychologically abused, and 5 times as likely to be sexually coerced. New technologies—social networking sites, texts, cell phones, and e-mails—have given abusers another way to control, degrade, and frighten their partners. These tools haven't pushed overall abuse rates up, but have allowed abusers to harass their victims anywhere and at any time, even when they're apart.


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A. H. M. Jones
A. H. M. Jones books and biography
Arnold Hugh Martin Jones
Arnold Hugh Martin (A.H.M.) Jones (1904-1970) was a prominent 20th century historian of classical antiquity, particularly of the later Roman Empire.
His best-known work, The Later Roman Empire, 284-602 (1964), is considered the definitive narrative history of late Rome and early Byzantium, beginning with the reign of the Roman tetrarch Diocletian and ending with that of the Byzantine emperor Maurice. One of the most common modern criticisms of this work is its almost total reliance on literary and epigraphic primary sources, a methodology which mirrored Jones's own historiographical training. Archaeological study of the period was in its infancy when Jones wrote, which limited the amount of material culture he could include in his research.
He published his first book, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, in 1937. In 1946, he was appointed to the chair of the Ancient History department at University College, London. In 1951, he moved to Cambridge University and assumed the same post there.
Jones was reportedly an extremely fast reader with an encyclopedic memory. His disdain for "small talk" sometimes made him seem remote and cold to those who didn't know him well, but he was warmly regarded by his students. He was sometimes criticized for not fully acknowledging the work of earlier scholars in his own footnotes, a habit he was aware of and apologized for in the preface to his first book.
He died of a heart attack in 1970 while traveling via boat to Thessaloniki to give a series of lectures.
Since Jones' death, popular awareness of his work has often been overshadowed by the work of scholars of Late Antiquity, a period which didn't exist as a separate field of study during his lifetime. Late Antique scholars frequently refer to him, however, and his enormous contributions to the study of the period are widely acknowledged.
The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces (1937)
The Herods of Judaea (1938)
The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian (1940)
Ancient Economic History (1948)
Constantine and the Conversion of Europe (1948)
Athenian Democracy (1957)
Studies in Roman Government and Law (1960)
The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey (1964)
Sparta (1967)
Augustus (1970)
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, with John Robert Martindale and John Morris (1971)
Meiggs, RussellJournal of Roman Studies, Volume 60 (1970), pp. 186-187.
Athenian Democracy
By A. H. M. Jones
Constantine And The Conversion Of Europe
History Of Abyssinia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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/ Top Possible Transfers This Summer
Top Possible Transfers This Summer
The transfer window for the UK opens this year on 1st July, and yet there has already been a lot of talk over potential players set to transfer in the summer. In the build up to the season, we discuss top possible transfers to happen in the coming months.
The transfer window for the UK opens this year on 1st July, and yet there has already been a lot of talk over the potential players to move around.
In the build up to the busy transfer season, we've compiled a list of the top possible transfers to happen during the summer.
Raheem Sterling from Liverpool to Man City
Raheem Sterling (20) has become the most controversial and talked about possible transfer of this season already... Manchester City are willing to offer Sterling a contract of around £200k per week to lure him into their team, with Real Madrid also set to put an offer in, but the Anfield team still seem determined to keep this player.
Gareth Bale from Real Madrid to Man Utd
Manchester United are intent on bringing Gareth Bale (25) into their team, and using Ryan Giggs (idol and good friend of Bale) as their secret weapon to do so. The starting bidding figure for this player is £14.5 million from Man Utd.
David De Gea from Manchester United to Real Madrid
Manchester United are offering the Spaniard a new contract worth around £250,000 a week in the hopes of wavering interest from Real Madrid. However, the player seems prepared to give up the £12m to pursue his dream of joining Real Madrid.
Petr Cech from Chelsea to a rival club
In 2004, Petr Cech (33) joined Chelsea for £7 million, and has won the team 13 leading honours at Stamford Bridge. Despite having 12 months left in his contract, it seems that the club will reach a mutual agreement to allow him to leave this summer. Cech will be willing to join Arsenal, Man Utd or Paris Saint-Germain for between £10-15 million.
Charlie Austin from QPR to Aston Villa
Aston Villa appear to be assembling a £15 million bid for the 25 year old Striker. Austin also seems to be a target for Liverpool and Chelsea and has even made it clear that he is keen to move to a bigger club.
Yaya Toure from Manchester City to Inter Milan
Inter Milan are in hopes of closing a deal with Man City's midfielder, Yaya Toure (32), for around £15 million. The Italian team are eager to sign Toure and are writing up a 3 year contract offer worth around £4.3 million per season. Toure is hoping for a longer commitment, so there may be room for a compromise of an extra one year.
Kieran Trippier from Burnley to Bournemouth
Bournemouth certainly seem to have set their sights on Burnley's Full Back player nearing the transfer season. Bournemouth manager Eddie Howe knows Trippier well, after previously bringing him to Burnley on loan from Man City during his time in charge at Turf Moor (which ended in 2012) and is keen to make a move for the talented 24 year old.
Nathaniel Clyne from Southampton to St Mary's
Until recently it had seemed as though Clyne (24) and Manchester United had a mutual interest in each other, but as the Man Utd manager appears to have moved interest elsewhere, Clyne is now set to sign a new deal with St Mary's.


FW moderates a discussion between Raquel Bierzwinsky, an attorney at Chadbourne & Parke LLP, Alejandro D'Ambrosio, a partner at Ernst & Young, and Luis Antonio Menezes da Silva, a partner at Villemor, Trigueiro, Sauer e Advogados Associado, about M&A and investment in Latin America's natural resources sector.
FW: How would you characterise M&A and investment activity in Latin America's natural resources sector over the last 12-18 months?
Bierzwinsky: We have seen a flurry of investment in the natural resources sector in Latin America and an increased interest by North American and European investors, as well as Chinese companies. For Mexico and Brazil, the region's largest economies, while investment in the last 12 months does not match the numbers of the past few years, it continues to be very solid. Both countries still have a tremendous need for infrastructure to tap into and develop their vast natural resources. The massive pre-salt offshore fields in Brazil – Tupi – and the most recent onshore findings in Mexico – Chicontepec – call for billions of dollars in investments and, while the oil sector is controlled in both countries by state-owned agencies Petroleos Brasileiros (Petrobras) and Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the supply of technology, equipment and services to develop such resources requires significant participation by private entities.
D'Ambrosio: The South American region's economic activity is mainly driven by the exploitation of its vast natural resources, directly impacting in the level of investments, both local and foreign, as well as M&A activity. As proof of this, measured in deals, close to 25 percent of all announced transactions in the last 12 months took place within the natural resources sectors. Considering transaction value, participation is much higher. M&A activity in this sector has been steadily growing through recent years. Nevertheless, during the last 12 months it experienced a slight slowdown, in response to the worldwide business environment. Over 60 percent of the natural resources M&A activity is generated on a cross-border basis. It is also worth mentioning that these deals are mainly driven by strategic players.
Menezes: Latin America has historically been quite an attractive market for investors, especially with respect to natural resources. Although there are still challenges in some of the countries due to political risks, such obstacles have not, in the past decade, been enough to deter investments in the natural resources segment. As they are long term projects, their sponsors are keen to carry them out, provided that the risks are compensated by higher rates of return. In this scenario, M&A is one mechanism by which to make solid investments and it is seen as an alternative for investors with some presence in the market to grow rapidly, rather than starting from the scratch. M&A transactions in the natural resources segment over the last few years have increased significantly, mainly for economic and geopolitical reasons. Such trends have also been influenced by the enormous consumption appetite of China, which has become a dominant player in the search of new sources of natural resources. Besides, Europe's debt crisis, combined with more stable economic growth and a commitment to fiscal and economic policies in most of the Latin America countries has opened a window of opportunity to investors.
FW: Which countries and sectors seem to be particularly attractive to dealmakers, and why?
D'Ambrosio: We can divide the region into three tiers, according to their share on announced deals count. In the 12-month period ended 31 October 2012, Brazil, Colombia and Peru led with almost 65 percent of total deals, and Argentina and Chile accounted for approximately 30 percent. Other South American countries counted for the remaining 5 percent. Within Natural Resources, Metals & Mining, together with Oil & Gas have been the most active sectors from a deal volume perspective, accounting for 50 percent and 21 percent of all announced deals, respectively. The Agriculture & Livestock sector followed with 12 percent of total deals.
Menezes: Currently, due mainly to political reasons, it seems like Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Mexico are the most attractive countries in Latin America for natural resources. These countries combine attractive natural resources with a more stable economy and political environment. Bolivia and Venezuela could be very interesting countries regarding natural resources; however, recent political decisions have dampened the willingness of investors to take a risk to operate in these markets. Recent years have been quite beneficial for Brazil regarding natural resources, mainly with the discovery of potentially gigantic oil reserves within an exploratory frontier that is known as the 'pre-salt' zone. This name derives from the fact that these reserves are situated below a thick layer of salt, at a depth of around 7000m. With the current blocks under exploration, industry experts expect to increase the current proven oil reserve from 14 billion BOE (barrels of oil equivalent) to 60 Billion BOE, and there is much more to come. Brazil is also one of the biggest producers of key minerals such as iron and gold.
Bierzwinsky: The renewable energy sector and the oil & gas sectors seem to be particularly booming in Latin America. Countries like Mexico, Brazil, Peru and Chile are seeing significant interest and investment in wind, solar and hydro projects. The reasons include the fact that certain regions in these countries enjoy some of the best resources in the world for these types of projects, as well as the fact that investment in renewables in Europe and the US is drying up due to the economic constraints and the phasing out of governmental incentives. For example, the state of Oaxaca in Mexico has an estimated wind potential of over 10,000MW. The Istmo de Tehuantepec region in that state presents some particularly advantageous conditions for wind power projects, as the average wind speed in Oaxaca has been recorded above 9m/s and the measured load factor is above 50 percent. That compensates for lack of sufficient government incentives for investors. In Peru, the government has taken an active role in attracting investment in renewable energy projects. The Renewable Energy Law enacted in May 2008 provides the framework for investment in and development of projects with renewable energy resources (RER). The Ministry of Energy and Mines has been conducting international bidding processes for solar, wind and hydro projects. Renewable energy generation facilities, if connected to the National Interconnected Electric System, are granted priority in the dispatch of electricity and they are offered fixed-rate, 20-year power supply agreements, for a specific output, with built-in annual tariff adjustment mechanisms. The development of large hydro plants in Peru has also been a priority for the government. The Cerro del Águila, 500 MW run-of-the-river hydroelectric plant in central Peru is one of the recent examples of projects under development.
FW: Have any political or economic incentives been introduced to entice investors and businesses to Latin America's natural resources sector?
Menezes: Depending on the necessity to improve attractiveness, several types of incentives might be adopted. Brazil can be seen as an example. Although its taxation system is extremely burdensome and quite complex, the Brazilian Government created the Repetro regime, aimed at reducing taxes at federal and state levels in order to boost the import of goods and machinery. Likewise, in order to boost the development of the industry in Brazil, the government has laid down rules of local content policies to E&P activities and other economic segments, thus incentivising foreign entities that run operations at the supply chain to make direct investments in the country.
Bierzwinsky: Economic growth and stability in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Mexico and Peru have led the governments in those countries to seek foreign direct investment in the development of natural resources and infrastructure. In the energy sector, Mexico has, for several years, opened energy generation to private investment through CFE's IPP projects, in both conventional and renewable energy. With the enactment in November 2008 of the Law for the Use of Renewable Energies and Financing of Energy Transition (Mexico's Renewable Energy Law), the Mexican government took the first steps in promoting the diversification of sources of energy through the use of renewables developed and operated by private entities. However, renewable technology IPPs are not subject to Mexico's Renewable Energy Law, but rather continue to be subject to the Electric Energy Public Service Law, which governs generation from conventional power sources. While Mexico's Renewable Energy Law has provided some incentives for the development of renewable energy projects, it does not provide for a significant overhaul of the electricity sector. However, the Mexican government has adopted certain schemes to support the investment and development of privately-owned renewable projects, including 100 percent depreciation in the first year for all renewable energy capital investments and the abatement of annual governmental fees. Most renewable energy projects in Mexico, particularly wind, are being developed as 'inside the fence' projects under the 'self-supply' (autoabastecimiento) scheme. Since the 1990s, Brazil has promoted private investment in the energy sector, particularly in the hydro and biofuels sector. However recent changes to electricity tariffs, which came as a surprise to many in the market, have dampened investor confidence in the sector. In the oil & gas sector, the new offshore 'pre-salt' oil discoveries require huge capital investments and are attracting international oil services providers and investors from around the world who are bringing much needed technical expertise and financial resources. In Peru, the government, through its investment agency - ProInversión - continues its long-standing policy of attracting private investment in the energy and oil & gas sectors.
D'Ambrosio: Incentives depend on country specific policies and cannot be characterised on a region-wide basis. Colombia, for instance, has been actively promoting economic activities during the latest three administrations, through specific market oriented incentives. This has been key for the large amounts of investments in the country, which has also been steadily growing over the past few years. The most important policies adopted by Colombian governments have been the enactment of free trade agreements, enhancement of justice and law enforcement, democracy and respect for institutions. Political and economic incentives can be analysed by observing the positions of Latin American countries within the World Bank's 'Doing Business' Index. Here, Chile leads the region, ranking 37th. Colombia's efforts have resulted in it ascending to 42nd place in 2012 from 66th in 2007. Peru has also improved its ranking, climbing from 65th place in 2007 to 43rd in 2012. Brazil and Argentina, however, are still close to the bottom of the Latin American rankings, occupying the 130th and the 124th places respectively.
FW: What deal strategies and negotiation techniques are acquirers using to identify targets and close transactions?
Bierzwinsky: In the renewables sector, M&A activity often involves acquisition by deep-pocketed energy or infrastructure companies of early stage development companies. The acquisition is then followed by project financing or other funding and a subsequent sell-down of equity for substantial returns after the risk profile of the project has been reduced. In transactions between competitors, there is increased attention being paid to anti-monopoly issues in jurisdictions such as Brazil that have moved to a pre-clearance regulatory scheme, the result being that US transactional concepts are being introduced into M&A agreements. In transactions involving consolidation or reorganisation of Latin America investments held by international investors, there is increased attention being paid to corporate governance and minority protection issues by Latin American regulators, creating additional deal hurdles as valuation and deal structures receive enhanced scrutiny. Fairness opinions, independent valuations, independent committee approval and similar concepts are increasingly being introduced into Latin American M&A transactions.
D'Ambrosio: Although it differs from country to country, depending on current business and the regulatory environment, transaction opportunities in terms of asset price, in certain countries such as Argentina, Ecuador, and Venezuela are still dominating deal flow, while the consolidation of business at high prices can be observed in other countries such as Brazil, Chile and even Colombia. Joint Ventures between players in particular industries can come about as a means of combining value and mitigating the exposures of specific countries. Usually, global players consider joint ventures with local growing players who can provide infrastructure such as plants, distribution networks and local connections to global players. Vertical integration through partnerships are also one way of sharing value and mitigate risks.
Menezes: Companies that have high rates of return or historical strong growth are the preferred target ones, despite the costs associated with their acquisition. Also, green field areas have been very attractive, as long as they have a long-term revenue stream adequate for monetisation of the investments made. There are no specific recipes for M&A in Brazil, other than the regular precautions that must be taken prior to acquisition – the required due diligence process for instance. In some cases, when the target company has as its main asset the technical personnel, a prerequisite for the acquisition is the maintenance of those technicians, which includes non-solicitation and non-compete provisions. There are some templates normally adopted in economic segments, such as the E&P sector, that provide guidance to the negotiations. The funding of the target companies may vary and it is common to start with a private placement which is structured afterward through an IPO when the business has achieved some maturity. Also, the so-called project bond has been a successful means of financing a project, mainly in Peru – and is starting in Brazil.
FW: In your experience, do foreign acquirers do enough to properly manage and understand the key risks involved in these types of deals? What aspects of due diligence are often overlooked or rushed?
D'Ambrosio: According to our regional experience, foreign acquirers might not always properly assess or understand key risks, and therefore not be properly prepared to manage them. Typical underestimation may include insufficient due diligence prior to investing; overloads of legal formalities and bureaucracy; unexpected taxes, social security, labour and environmental issues; and government intervention in certain highly regulated activities. Other factors often overlooked include market volatility; the quality of available information; inefficient post acquisition monitoring; and the miscalculation of deal execution time.
Menezes: Although international-standard contracts are quite commonly used in Latin American M&A, there is also a necessity for firms and investors to better understand the legal and political environment of the specific jurisdiction involved. Our experience demonstrates that it is crucial to have counsels familiar with the applicable legislation, and accounting and business practice of each country in order to achieve a successful closing. It is common to see foreign investors starting a discussion without proper local assistance and, in the middle of negotiations, realise that it may either jeopardise or delay the closing of the transaction. Real estate, environmental, and tax and labour matters are sometimes overlooked and may generate later discussions which can end up changing the economical evaluation of the project.
Bierzwinsky: International investors entering certain Latin America jurisdictions for the first time often underestimate the impact of contingencies, such as tax and labour claims, on valuation. They also are often insufficiently mindful of local law veil-piercing concepts in structuring their preliminary deal terms, especially in deals involving significant equity purchases.
FW: How important is local knowledge when it comes to dealing with the regional challenges of investing in Latin America?
Menezes: The importance of having local counsel in each project's jurisdiction is paramount, regardless if the governing law is well known. The reasons for this are directly related to differences in the state of the law – that is civil law vs. common law; legal customs, such as the type of public agreements used by each local government for determined activities; taxation and respective incentives; and, also, accounting rules such as IFRS USGAAP. Furthermore, knowledge of common practices and the proper way to handle negotiations, may, depending on the jurisdiction, be as important as knowledge of the applicable legislation. Local counsel also presents a simple, however considerable, advantage on the language aspect.
Bierzwinsky: Local knowledge is critical to effectively deal with the particular challenges that investors may face in each country. An investor must be familiar with the political, financial and cultural environment of the country where it wishes to invest to form realistic expectations in respect of regulatory requirements, repatriation of funds and foreign exchange controls, corporate requirements, access to local markets, and sources of funding, to name a few.
D'Ambrosio: Local knowledge is key for successfully investing in Latin America since, although there are some regional challenges, country-specific conditions must be thoroughly known before embarking on deal making in each country. Reliable advice from experts with local and regional knowledge and proven experience should be a must in the foreign investor's checklist, not only for accomplishing the due diligence phase but also at the very beginning when opportunities arise, through to planning and execution. Structuring the transaction is also an important task that should not be overlooked.
FW: How do you see deal activity in the region's natural resources sector unfolding over the coming months and years? Can we expect deal flow to increase? What barriers might stand in the way?
Bierzwinsky: Everything in the most developed countries in the region seems to point to an increase in deal flow, particularly given the difficulties facing the US and European economies. European, North American and Asian investors have increasingly become more knowledgeable of, and comfortable with, the investment regimes in the region and are putting substantial resources into opportunities given the availability of resources. We are also starting to hear about potential investments by investors from the Middle East, in particular Qatar and the UAE, in the oil & gas sector. Some of the barriers that may deter or delay investment in the region include, first, Environmental permitting – countries are becoming stricter in their assessment and granting of environmental impact authorisations. Several important projects, including, most prominently, HidroAysén in Chile, have faced roadblocks that have put into question the viability of the project. The second barrier comes in the form of local community issues and sensitivities – sustainability of local communities is increasingly becoming an issue at the forefront of projects involving the use of natural resources in Latin America. A third barrier is government policy. While, most countries in Latin America welcome and encourage private investment, Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela have taken active measures to nationalize or expropriate enterprises with investments in natural resources. However, the circumstances surrounding these nationalizations or expropriations vary.
D'Ambrosio: Although worldwide M&A activity has been quite unstable lately, a characteristic trend has been observed, whereby investors have been orienting M&A activity towards high-growth emerging markets. South America plays a critical role as a result of its vast natural resources reserves paired with its outstanding strategic advantages. We expect to see an increase in deal activity involving the natural resources sector across Latin America. Chinese companies will continue to drive transactions in Oil & Gas, Mining and Agriculture. Canadian companies are active in Oil & Gas and Mining. Japanese companies are also expected to return to natural resources.
Menezes: Latin America is facing a very fruitful period regarding natural resources. It is clear that most countries are willing to receive investors and are establishing a business friendly political and economic environment. Colombia is experiencing a good period in its oil industry, where over 200 different companies hold E&P stakes, as is Peru. Brazil, with the huge potential that lies in its pre-salt layer, is expecting massive investments in the upstream sector. Additionally, Venezuela, notwithstanding its political environment, is still an attractive country in which to operate. Uruguay is also willing to become a player in the oil segment and Argentina, despite the recent expropriation of Repsol YPF's control stake, cannot be totally disregarded as an alternative for investment. As for alternative energy sources, Latin America, together with the Central America region, are the world's cleanest regions regarding energy sources, and enormous investments are being made to take advantage of the great hydroelectric potential.
Raquel Bierzwinsky is an attorney at Chadbourne & Parke LLP and advises US and international clients in the areas of project finance, international finance and mergers & acquisitions, with a particular emphasis on Latin America. She represents project developers, sponsors, commercial lenders, and multilateral and bilateral agencies in energy and infrastructure project financings, as well as in acquisitions and dispositions of projects. Ms Bierzwinsky can be contacted on +1 212 408 5219 or by email: rbierzwinsky@chadbourne.com.
Alejandro D'Ambrosio is a partner at Ernst & Young, based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He provides professional advice in transactions including M&A lead advice on the buy and sell side, business valuations, financial, accounting, tax and social security due diligence, and tax structuring involving assets in all Latin America countries. Mr D'Ambrosio has extensive experience in Natural Resources transactions, in particular related to oil & gas, mining, agriculture and different types of power generation, among other industries. He can be contacted on +54 11 4318 1545 or by email: alejandro.dambrosio@ar.ey.com.
Luis Antonio Menezes da Silva is a partner at Villemor, Trigueiro, Sauer e Advogados Associados, based in Rio de Janeiro. He practices in a range of areas of law, with a special emphasis on corporate, regulatory and the oil & gas sector. With extensive experience in infrastructure and M&A projects, Mr Menezes is ranked as an expert on Brazil's oil & gas sector by Chambers and Partners. He can be contacted on +55 21 3806 3495 or by email: luismenezes@villemor.com.br.


text:
/**
 * @fileoverview Web Tracing Framework shim.
 * This file gives compile-time control over the WTF API, allowing it to be
 * type-checked and extern-free when enabled and completely compiled out when
 * disabled.
 *
 * WTF, when used in release projects, should always be called through this
 * API. *Never* use the global 'wtf' object directly, as it may not exist or
 * may change. This file is versioned to prevent such issues.
 *
 * This file contains only the tracing-related functions that are exported in
 * compiled WTF builds. The signatures and descriptions are copied out
 * verbatim. Any types required to keep the compiler happy when looking at this
 * file are exposed as either dummy typedefs or mock objects.
 *
 * When this file is included in a compiled library all of these methods will
 * be renamed. By using 'WTF' as a namespace instead of 'wtf' there's no
 * risk of collision when running uncompiled.
 *
 * Original source: https://www.github.com/google/tracing-framework/
 *
 * @author benvanik@google.com (Ben Vanik)
 */

(function(global, exports) {

// NOTE: this file is kept structurally similar to wtf-trace-closure.js.
//       It should not deviate except where necessary. I'd really like to
//       autogenerate these files.

// Setup the 'namespaces'.
var WTF = exports;
WTF.data = {};
WTF.io = {};
WTF.trace = {};
WTF.trace.events = {};

// goog.nullFunction
function nullFunction() {};
// goog.identityFunction
function identityFunction(a) { return a; };

/**
 * The API version expected by the shim.
 * If WTF is present but its {@code wtf.trace.API_VERSION} does not match
 * this value it will be ignored. This allows code instrumented with older
 * versions of the API to keep working (without tracing) when a newer version
 * of the API is present in the page. Since we are a debugging tool no effort is
 * made to allow differing versions to work together.
 * @type {number}
 * @const
 * @private
 */
WTF.EXPECTED_API_VERSION_ = 2;

/**
 * Whether WTF is enabled and present in the current global context.
 * This will only be true if the master enabled flag is true, 'wtf' is in the
 * global scope, and the version of WTF matches this shim.
 * If code really wants to see if WTF is present and usable, use this instead of
 * just {@see #ENABLED}.
 * @type {boolean}
 * @const
 */
WTF.PRESENT = !!global['wtf'] &&
    (global['wtf']['trace']['API_VERSION'] == WTF.EXPECTED_API_VERSION_);

/**
 * Whether the runtime can provide high-resolution times.
 * If this is false times are likely in milliseconds and largely useless.
 * @type {boolean}
 */
WTF.hasHighResolutionTimes = WTF.PRESENT ?
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/**
 * Returns the wall time that {@see wtf#now} is relative to.
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 *
 * @return {number} A time, in ms.
 */
WTF.timebase = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['timebase'] : function() { return 0; };

/**
 * Returns a non-wall time timestamp in milliseconds.
 * If available this will use a high precision timer. Otherwise it will fall
 * back to the default browser time.
 *
 * The time value is relative to page navigation, not wall time. Only use it for
 * relative measurements.
 *
 * @return {number} A monotonically increasing timer with sub-millisecond
 *      resolution (if supported).
 */
WTF.now = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['now'] : function() { return 0; };

/**
 * @typedef {Array.<number>|Uint8Array}
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WTF.io.ByteArray;

/**
 * @typedef {Object}
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WTF.trace.Zone;

/**
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WTF.trace.Scope;

/**
 * @typedef {Object}
 */
WTF.trace.Flow;

/**
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WTF.trace.TimeRange;

/**
 * Event behavior flag bitmask.
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 * This is copied from {@code wtf/data/eventflag.js}.
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 */
WTF.data.EventFlag = {
  /**
   * Event is expected to occur at a very high frequency.
   * High frequency events will be optimized for size more than other event
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  HIGH_FREQUENCY: (1 << 1),

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  BUILTIN: (1 << 5),

  /**
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  APPEND_FLOW_DATA: (1 << 6)
};

/**
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WTF.data.ZoneType = {
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  /**
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  NATIVE_BROWSER: 'native_browser'
};

/**
 * Main entry point for the tracing API.
 * This must be called as soon as possible and preferably before any application
 * code is executed (or even included on the page).
 *
 * This method does not setup a tracing session, but prepares the environment
 * for one. It can be called many times but the options provided are not updated
 * once it's been called.
 *
 * @param {Object=} opt_options Options overrides.
 * @return {*} Ignored.
 */
WTF.trace.prepare = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['prepare'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Shuts down the tracing system.
 */
WTF.trace.shutdown = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['shutdown'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Starts a new tracing session.
 * The session mode is determined by the options provided, defaulting to
 * snapshotting. See {@code wtf.trace.mode} and {@code wtf.trace.target} for
 * more information.
 *
 * {@see WTF.trace#prepare} must have been called prior to calling this
 * function.
 *
 * @param {Object=} opt_options Options overrides.
 */
WTF.trace.start = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['start'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Takes a snapshot of the current state.
 * A session must be actively recording. This call is ignored if the session
 * does not support snapshotting.
 * @param {*=} opt_targetValue Stream target value.
 */
WTF.trace.snapshot = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['snapshot'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Asynchronously snapshots all contexts.
 * This will take a snapshot of the current context as well as any dependent
 * ones such as servers or worker threads. The results are sent to the callback
 * when they have all been returned.
 * If the call is going to be ignored (no active session) or fails the callback
 * will fire on the next javascript tick with a null value.
 *
 * @param {function(this:T, Array.<!WTF.io.ByteArray>)} callback Function called
 *     when all buffers are available. The value will be null if an error
 *     occurred.
 * @param {T=} opt_scope Callback scope.
 * @template T
 */
WTF.trace.snapshotAll = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['snapshotAll'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Clears all data in the current session by resetting all buffers.
 * This is only valid in snapshotting sessions.
 */
WTF.trace.reset = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['reset'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Stops the current session and disposes it.
 */
WTF.trace.stop = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['stop'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Creates a new execution zone.
 * Execution zones are used to group regions of code in the trace stream.
 * For example, one zone may be 'Page' to indicate all page JS and another
 * 'Worker' to show events from a web worker.
 * @param {string} name Zone name.
 * @param {string} type Zone type. This should be one of the
 *     {@see WTF.data.ZoneType} values.
 * @param {string} location Zone location (such as URI of the script).
 * @return {WTF.trace.Zone} Zone used for future calls.
 */
WTF.trace.createZone = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['createZone'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Deletes an execution zone.
 * The zone ID may be reused.
 * @param {WTF.trace.Zone} zone Zone returned from {@see #createZone}.
 */
WTF.trace.deleteZone = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['deleteZone'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Pushes a zone.
 * @param {WTF.trace.Zone} zone Zone returned from {@see #createZone}.
 */
WTF.trace.pushZone = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['pushZone'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Pops the active zone.
 */
WTF.trace.popZone = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['popZone'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * This must be matched with a {@see #leaveScope} that takes the return value.
 *
 * It is strongly recommended that a custom enter scope event should be used
 * instead of this, as the overhead required to write the scope name is
 * non-trivial. Only use this when the name changes many times at runtime or
 * you're hacking something together. See {@see WTF.trace.events.createScope}.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * function myFunction() {
 *   var scope = WTF.trace.enterScope('myFunction');
 *   var result = ...;
 *   return WTF.trace.leaveScope(scope, result);
 * }
 *
 *
 * @param {string} name Scope name.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the enter; omit to use the current time.
 * @return {WTF.trace.Scope} An initialized scope object.
 */
WTF.trace.enterScope = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['enterScope'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Enters a tracing implementation overhead scope.
 * This should only be used by the tracing framework and extension to indicate
 * time used by non-user tasks.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the enter; omit to use the current time.
 * @return {WTF.trace.Scope} An initialized scope object.
 */
WTF.trace.enterTracingScope = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['enterTracingScope'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Leaves a scope.
 * @param {WTF.trace.Scope} scope Scope to leave. This is the result of a
 *     previous call to {@see #enterScope} or a custom enter scope function.
 * @param {T=} opt_result Optional result to chain.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the leave; omit to use the current time.
 * @return {T|undefined} The value of the {@code opt_result} parameter.
 * @template T
 */
WTF.trace.leaveScope = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['leaveScope'] :
    function(scope, opt_result, opt_time) {
      return opt_result;
    };

/**
 * Appends a named argument of any type to the current scope.
 * The data added is keyed by name, and existing data with the same name will
 * be overwritten.
 *
 * Repeated calls with the same name and value type will be optimized at
 * runtime. To ensure predictable performance it's better to use a custom
 * instance event with the {@see wtf.data.EventFlag#APPEND_SCOPE_DATA} flag set.
 *
 * But, in general, you should avoid using this if you can. Appending data
 * involves additional overhead at runtime and in the file compared to just
 * passing the arguments to the function.
 *
 * No, really, this JSON stringifies whatever is passed to it and will skew
 * your results. Don't use it.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * my.Type.prototype.someMethod = function() {
 *   // This method is traced automatically by traceMethods, but more data
 *   // is needed:
 *   WTF.trace.appendScopeData('bar', 123);
 *   WTF.trace.appendScopeData('foo', {
 *     'complex': ['data']
 *   });
 * };
 * WTF.trace.instrumentType(...my.Type...);
 *
 *
 * @param {string} name Argument name. Must be ASCII.
 * @param {*} value Value. Will be JSON stringified. If this is a number it
 *      will be converted to an int32.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the enter; omit to use the current time.
 */
WTF.trace.appendScopeData = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['appendScopeData'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Branches the flow.
 * If no parent flow is given then the current scope flow is used.
 * @param {string} name Flow name.
 * @param {*=} opt_value Optional data value.
 * @param {WTF.trace.Flow=} opt_parentFlow Parent flow, if any.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the branch; omit to use the current time.
 * @return {!WTF.trace.Flow} An initialized flow object.
 */
WTF.trace.branchFlow = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['branchFlow'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Extends the flow into the current scope.
 * @param {WTF.trace.Flow} flow Flow to extend.
 * @param {string} name Flow stage name.
 * @param {*=} opt_value Optional data value.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the extend; omit to use the current time.
 */
WTF.trace.extendFlow = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['extendFlow'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Terminates a flow.
 * @param {WTF.trace.Flow} flow Flow to terminate.
 * @param {*=} opt_value Optional data value.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the terminate; omit to use the current
 *     time.
 */
WTF.trace.terminateFlow = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['terminateFlow'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Appends a named argument of any type to the given flow.
 * This is slow and should only be used for very infrequent appends.
 * Prefer instead to use a custom instance event with the
 * {@see WTF.data.EventFlag#APPEND_FLOW_DATA} flag set.
 *
 * @param {WTF.trace.Flow} flow Flow to append.
 * @param {string} name Argument name. Must be ASCII.
 * @param {*} value Value. Will be JSON stringified.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the event; omit to use the current time.
 */
WTF.trace.appendFlowData = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['appendFlowData'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Clears the current scope flow.
 */
WTF.trace.clearFlow = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['clearFlow'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Spans the flow across processes.
 * Flows must have been branched before this can be used.
 * @param {number} flowId Flow ID.
 * @return {!WTF.trace.Flow} An initialized flow object.
 */
WTF.trace.spanFlow = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['spanFlow'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Marks the stream with a named bookmark.
 * This is used by the UI to construct a simple navigation structure.
 * Each mark is then turned into a navigation point in a table of contents.
 * This should only be used for modal application state changes, such as
 * initial load, entry into a modal dialog or mode, etc. There is only ever one
 * marked range active at a time and if you are calling this more frequently
 * than 1s you should use something else.
 *
 * For high-frequency time stamps instead use {@see #timeStamp} and for async
 * timers use {@see #beginTimeRange}.
 *
 * @param {string} name Marker name.
 * @param {*=} opt_value Optional data value.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the mark; omit to use the current time.
 */
WTF.trace.mark = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['mark'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Adds a timestamped event to the stream.
 * This is synonymous to {@code console.timeStamp}, and can be used to place
 * simple arg-less instance events in the timeline.
 * Prefer using custom events for faster, more flexible events.
 * @param {string} name Time stamp name.
 * @param {*=} opt_value Optional data value.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the stamp; omit to use the current time.
 */
WTF.trace.timeStamp = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['timeStamp'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Begins an async time range.
 * This tracks time outside of normal scope flow control, and should be limited
 * to only those events that span frames or Javascript ticks.
 * If you're trying to track call flow instead use {@see #traceMethods}.
 *
 * A limited number of active timers will be displayed in the UI. Do not abuse
 * this feature by adding timers for everything (like network requests). Prefer
 * to use flows to track complex async operations.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * my.Type.startJob = function(actionName) {
 *   var job = {...};
 *   job.tracingRange = WTF.trace.beginTimeRange('my.Type:job', actionName);
 * };
 * my.Type.endJob = function(job) {
 *   WTF.trace.endTimeRange(job.tracingRange);
 * };
 *
 *
 * @param {string} name Time range name.
 * @param {*=} opt_value Optional data value.
 * @return {WTF.trace.TimeRange} Time range handle.
 */
WTF.trace.beginTimeRange = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['beginTimeRange'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Ends an async time range previously started with {@see #beginTimeRange}.
 * @param {WTF.trace.TimeRange} timeRange Time range handle.
 * @param {number=} opt_time Time for the stamp; omit to use the current time.
 */
WTF.trace.endTimeRange = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['endTimeRange'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Marks an event listener as being ignored, meaning that it will not show up
 * in traces.
 * This should only be used by debugging code as it will cause weird
 * gaps in timing data. Alternatively one could use {@see #enterTracingScope}
 * so that the time is properly shown as inside tracing code.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * myElement.onclick = WTF.trace.ignoreListener(function(e) {
 *   // This callback will not be auto-traced.
 * });
 *
 *
 * @param {!T} listener Event listener.
 * @return {!T} The parameter, for chaining.
 * @template T
 */
WTF.trace.ignoreListener = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['ignoreListener'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Marks an entire tree of DOM elements as being ignored, meaning that no
 * events from them will show up in traces.
 * @param {!Element} el Root DOM element.
 */
WTF.trace.ignoreDomTree = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['ignoreDomTree'] : nullFunction;

/**
 * Initializes on* event properties on the given DOM element and optionally
 * for all children.
 * This must be called to ensure the properties work correctly. It can be
 * called repeatedly on the same elements (but you should avoid that). Try
 * calling it after any new DOM tree is added recursively on the root of the
 * tree.
 *
 * If this method is not called not all browsers will report events registered
 * via their on* properties. Events registered with addEventListener will always
 * be traced.
 *
 * @param {!Element} target Target DOM element.
 * @param {boolean=} opt_recursive Also initialize for all children.
 */
WTF.trace.initializeDomEventProperties = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['initializeDomEventProperties'] :
    nullFunction;

/**
 * Creates and registers a new event type, returning a function that can be used
 * to trace the event in the WTF event stream.
 * Created events should be cached and reused - do *not* redefine events.
 *
 * Events are defined by a signature that can be a simple string such as
 * {@code 'myEvent'} or a reference string like {@code 'namespace.Type#method'}
 * and can optionally include typed parameters like
 * {@code 'myEvent(uint32 a, ascii b)'}.
 *
 * For more information on this API, see:
 * https://github.com/google/tracing-framework/blob/master/docs/api.md
 *
 * When tracing is disabled {@code nullFunction} will be returned for
 * all events.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * // Create the event once, statically.
 * my.Type.fooEvent_ = WTF.trace.events.createInstance(
 *     'my.Type#foo(uint32 a, ascii b)');
 * my.Type.prototype.someMethod = function() {
 *   // Trace the event each function call with custom args.
 *   my.Type.fooEvent_(123, 'hello');
 * };
 *
 *
 * @param {string} signature Event signature.
 * @param {number=} opt_flags A bitmask of {@see WTF.data.EventFlag} values.
 * @return {Function} New event type.
 */
WTF.trace.events.createInstance = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['events']['createInstance'] :
    function(signature, opt_flags) {
      return nullFunction;
    };

/**
 * Creates and registers a new event type, returning a function that can be used
 * to trace the event in the WTF event stream.
 * Created events should be cached and reused - do *not* redefine events.
 *
 * Events are defined by a signature that can be a simple string such as
 * {@code 'myEvent'} or a reference string like {@code 'namespace.Type#method'}
 * and can optionally include typed parameters like
 * {@code 'myEvent(uint32 a, ascii b)'}.
 *
 * For more information on this API, see:
 * https://github.com/google/tracing-framework/blob/master/docs/api.md
 *
 * When tracing is disabled {@code nullFunction} will be returned for
 * all events.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * // Create the event once, statically.
 * my.Type.someMethodEvent_ = WTF.trace.events.createScope(
 *     'my.Type#foo(uint32 a, ascii b)');
 * my.Type.prototype.someMethod = function() {
 *   // Enter and leave each function call with custom args.
 *   var scope = my.Type.someMethodEvent_(123, 'hello');
 *   var result = 5; // ...
 *   return WTF.trace.leaveScope(scope, result);
 * };
 *
 *
 * @param {string} signature Event signature.
 * @param {number=} opt_flags A bitmask of {@see WTF.data.EventFlag} values.
 * @return {Function} New event type.
 */
WTF.trace.events.createScope = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['events']['createScope'] :
    function(signature, opt_flags) {
      return nullFunction;
    };

/**
 * Automatically instruments a method.
 * This will likely produce code slower than manually instrumenting, but is
 * much more readable.
 *
 *
 * my.Type.prototype.foo = WTF.trace.instrument(function(a, b) {
 *   return a + b;
 * }, 'my.Type.foo(uint8 b@1)');
 *
 *
 * @param {Function} value Target function.
 * @param {string} signature Method signature.
 * @param {string=} opt_namePrefix String to prepend to the name.
 * @param {(function(Function, Function):Function)=} opt_generator
 *     A custom function generator that is responsible for taking the given
 *     {@code value} and returning a wrapped function that emits the given
 *     event type.
 * @param {(function())=} opt_pre Code to execute before the scope is entered.
 *     This is only called if {@code opt_generator} is not provided.
 * @return {Function} The instrumented input value.
 */
WTF.trace.instrument = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['instrument'] : identityFunction;

/**
 * Automatically instruments an entire type.
 *
 *
 * my.Type = function(a, b) {
 *   this.value = a + b;
 * };
 * my.Type.prototype.foo = function(a) { return a; };
 * my.Type = WTF.trace.instrumentType(
 *     my.Type, 'my.Type(uint8 a, uint8 b)', {
 *       foo: 'foo(uint8 a)'
 *     ));
 *
 *
 * @param {T} value Target type.
 * @param {string} constructorSignature Type name and constructor signature.
 * @param {Object|!Object.<string>} methodMap A map of translated method names
 *     to method signatures. Only the methods in this map will be
 *     auto-instrumented.
 * @return {T} The instrumented input value.
 * @template T
 */
WTF.trace.instrumentType = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['instrumentType'] : identityFunction;

/**
 * Automatically instruments the given prototype methods.
 * This is a simple variant of {@see WTF.trace.instrumentType} that does not
 * provide method arguments or work with overridden methods.
 *
 * @param {string} prefix A common prefix to use for all trace labels.
 * @param {!Object} classPrototype The prototype of the class.
 * @param {!Object.<!Function>} methodMap A mapping between method names
 *     and the methods themselves.
 */
WTF.trace.instrumentTypeSimple = WTF.PRESENT ?
    global['wtf']['trace']['instrumentTypeSimple'] : nullFunction;

})(
    this,
    (typeof exports === 'undefined' ? this['WTF'] = {} : exports));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Samuel Fitch Mills, was born at St James, London on 1 March and baptised at St Anne Soho on 21 March 1830, son of Thomas Mills and his wife Sarah née Fitch. A landscape, architectural and genre painter who exhibited from 1838 until his death. Master of the Metropolitan School of Art and painted in Suffolk, Surrey and Brittany, he obtained a passport on 27 July 1861. In 1871, a 41 year old teacher of drawing', living at Halliford Street, Islington with his 70 year old widowed father Thomas, born Kelvedon, Essex and his sibling sister, 33 year old Sarah [q.v.]. By 1881, a 51 year old 'professor of drawing', living at 27 Marylebone Road, London with his sister Sarah as housekeeper. He was of 27 Marylebone Road, when he died at Fenchurch Street Railway Staion, London on 23 March 1882, he was unmarried and his sister Sarah was his executor.


text:
zamiana zmiennych całkowania w matematyce
 zamiana wartości zmiennych w informatyce

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


My first morning in Manhattan I woke to sun streaming through the trees and hurried to get ready for a day of sketching in Battery Park with Shirley Levine and Pat Gaignat. Above is my first sketch of the day: the view from Battery Park of the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island, where my grandfathers first arrived in the U.S. from Russia. It seemed like a perfect way to mark my arrival too.
Pat had created a multi-media iBook titled "Way to Go, Jana!" with directions for finding my way to the park at the other end of Manhattan. I downloaded it to my iPhone and headed out the door.
At my first intersection I stepped off the curb at a green light and BAM! a truck hit a motorcycle right in front of me. The bike went down but the rider didn't seem injured. The drivers began their negotiations and I scurried across the street.
Below are a couple of screenshots from Pat's e-book that I literally would have been lost without!
In the afternoon we joined a dozen artists on benches around a small plaza for the start of "Figures al Fresco," a weekly, free, clothed figure-drawing session sponsored by the city, complete with teacher. She drove up in an electric cart filled with art supplies to use during the session, including drawing boards, paper pads, watercolors, charcoal and pencils. I did most of my figure drawings on a newsprint pad from the cart. The last one (below) I did in my journal with my new Pentel Tradio Stylo water-soluble pen and a water brush.
John, the model was excellent, with many interesting poses that simulated working in fields and other kinds of manual labor. The teacher requested he remove his shoes so we could draw his feet. He took off the shoes, but wouldn't remove his socks.
When the session ended at 4:30, in a hurry I returned my drawing pad to the cart, forgetting to remove my sketches. Then I joined Pat to walk the High Line, a public park built on a former elevated railroad line, as part of our journey back uptown.
You can see Shirley's drawings here and Pat's here. Shirley's figure drawings show such sensitivity for the human form and Pat's work is strong and unique. She draws on an iPad using a digital tool meant for drawing and filling shapes, not making lines. It seems extra challenging to me, but gives her line work a really dynamic look.
One funny thing about Pat who I only knew through our blogs…I didn't realize until I saw her gentle face that I had pictured her looking the way she draws people, with thick, edgy, sharp, black outlines!
Ohhhh. I didn't know you forgot your sketches. Shoulda told me. There was a very good chance they were still in the pad – we often find sketches in them.
Wonderful post – you pictures are so lovely!
I just love the New York City sketches, Jana. Lived there when I was 19 and I felt like `19 today when I looked at your pictures. Thank you so much fo a walk down memory lane.
You covered a lot of ground in a short stay, Jana. The sketches (from Shirley and Pat as well) are wonderful! Great that you were able to join the free art gathering! Feel better!
You had beautiful weather that week and I'm glad you had so much fun and so many opportunities to sketch. And Pat ROCKS for making that "way to go, Jana" ebook for you.
oh what with the plane troubles, colds & flu, crashes, and lost sketches I'm quite scared to read the next part. Great sketches included on these 2 posts.


For a first level, this is really quite good. Maybe a bit too much red brick, which is not easy on the eye, but the logic is quite nice. Thanks for sharing and welcome to the forum!
HaseebDemon and Źàiď like this.
Very enjoyable level. Unexpected sudden "insight" allowed me to complete it in an innovative way. Thanks.