text:
The Nuclear Age
Digital Footprint
Chaturanga
~ statecraft, strategy, society, and Σοφíα
Bungling in the Himalayas
25 Sat Feb 2017
Posted by Jaideep A. Prabhu in Book Review
≈ Comments Off on Bungling in the Himalayas
Chamdo, China, Dean Acheson, Harry Truman, India, Jawaharlal Nehru, Kashag, KM Pannikar, Lezlee Brown Halper, Lhasa, Mao Zedong, Ngabo Jigme, Reting Rinpoche, Stefan Halper, Taktra Rimpoche, Tenzin Gyatso, Thubten Gyatso, Thubten Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen, Tibet, VK Menon
Halper, Lezlee Brown, and Stefan Halper. Tibet: An Unfinished Story. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2014. 367 pp.
In the broader story of freedom and liberty, the case of Tibet is seldom heard. Headlines and activists scream about the Syrians, Rohingyas, Kurds, and even the Yezidis but one of the greatest acts of geographical and political usurpation and cultural and demographic genocide of the Cold War era – Tibet – gets only an occasional mention in the international press. Tibet: An Unfinished Story by Lezlee Brown Halper and Stefan Halper impressively details the sad history of the Roof of the World from its earliest mentions in the West to its conquest, annexation, and subjugation by China, to eventual relegation to oblivion by the world community.
Ostensibly starting with Herodotus' mention of Tibetan gold prospecting ants, the Halpers quickly move through the mythologising of Tibet in the 18th and 19th centuries by the British – no doubt, due to difficulty of access and a curious Oriental warp Westerners have always displayed – and German interest in the early 20th century in locating the Aryan homeland in Tibet to the critical years after the end of World War II when Tibet became one of the first pawns in the Cold War.
The book is impressive in its use of archives from the United States, Britain, and available Chinese and Indian sources. The basic premise of Tibet is that the country was abandoned – betrayed? – by India, the United States, and Britain in its hour of need against China. Not only did Tibet not receive much military support, it found little bilateral political assistance or even in the United Nations. Meanwhile, Mao systematically crushed the Tibetans. While this argument carries some weight, it does not consider the Tibetan role in their own fortunes nor does it account for the material realities of the late 1940s.
The end of World War II saw the rise of Soviet power and the United States at once committed to fighting the spread of communism around the world. Tibet was a point of contact between the Communist bloc and the non-Communist world. However, Washington found itself restrained in its support for Tibet by several factors. One, the British, who had ruled over India and indirectly extended influence into Tibet after a military expedition in 1903 – in an effort to protect the jewel in the Crown, of course, against imagined Russian designs – accepted Chinese suzerainty over the Himalayan state though not sovereignty. This was a different position from that of George Curzon, who had stated in the British parliament that Chinese claims on Tibet were a constitutional fiction. Two, the Himalayan terrain was difficult to access even with aircraft. During World War II, the Office of Strategic Services had tried to supply the Chinese Nationalists against Japan (and the Communists) via Tibet but the mountains proved a difficult obstacle for early aircraft and Lhasa was unwilling o cooperate. Three, Jawaharlal Nehru did not want the Cold War to come to Asia. The Indian prime minister was not open to the idea of a new imperial power – that is how Nehru saw the United States' actions in Europe and elsewhere – establishing a presence in India; furthermore, he was afraid that a substantial US presence would antagonise the Chinese into hostile relations with India who had to live with China even after the Americans left. And finally, four, despite an ongoing war between the Communists and the Nationalists in China, both sides agreed that Tibet was indisputably Chinese. Chinese Nationalists thus became an obstacle in US policy towards Tibet as well.
The United States did conduct covert operations in Tibet. This was done with Pakistani help rather than Indian, resulting in greater complications in the India-US-Pakistan triangle. These operations, as US intelligence had already foreseen, did not amount to much in the ultimate reckoning.
The Halpers put a fair share of the blame for the loss of Tibet on Nehru. They fail to consider, however, that there was little that Delhi could do in terms of providing military or economic support to the Tibetans. India was a new republic that was itself going through the pangs of Partition and faced a war in Kashmir after its twin, Pakistan, had instigated Pashtun tribesmen into invading the province. A poor economic and industrial base meant that India's only realistic contribution to a Tibetan struggle would be to provide the geography for Western powers to fight. Additionally, Nehru was sceptical of Washington's resolve: he did not believe that Harry Truman was as committed to the cause of an independent Tibet as he was to Western Europe. He was right in his suspicions: in a May 1950 meeting with his British counterparts, Dean Acheson had explained that the US State Department did not see the possibility of resisting the Chinese Communists in Tibet. However, "little covert assistance in the form of specialised military instruction and supplies to the Tibetans might make a Chinese military expedition prohibitively costly." In other words, Washington's aim was not to protect Tibet to use the country to harass the Chinese Communists. Nehru did not believe that this low bar sufficed Indian intervention.
The cynicism of the United States and the idealism of Nehru's pan-Asian dream were pertly responsible for Tibet's demise. The lion's share of the blame, however, must rest with the Tibetan leadership. After the death of Thubten Gyatso, the 13th Dalai Lama, the country was wracked by a struggle for succession. A regent – Thubten Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen, of the Reting monastery – was put in place until the next Dalai Lama could be anointed but he was known for his fondness of beautiful women and other habits unbecoming of a spiritual leader of the Tibetans. He was replaced by Taktra Rimpoche in 1941 but led a failed uprising against his successor in 1944. The infighting among the Tibetan elites, monasteries, and the Kashag – Tibet's governing council – diluted Tibet's voice to the outside world. Some sections were content with autonomy under Beijing while others wanted complete independence.
To compound problems, the Tibetans were not yet educated in the ways of modern statecraft. They did not take the Chinese threat seriously, seeing them as merely the descendants of Szechuan warlords and reasoned that they could be easily defeated. When China finally did invade, the Tibetan National Assembly telegraphed Mao Zedong, "This is a sacred place of Buddhism, which does not allow armed force from foreign countries. This type of bullying activity shall not happen…. We hope you order all border troops not to exercise force against Tibetan soldiers and immediately withdraw to their original locations." Needless to say, the message went unanswered by Mao. Perhaps the worst example of Tibetan incompetence is the incident at the fall of Chamdo, an important city in eastern Tibet on the route to Lhasa. As Chinese soldiers neared the city, the governor, Ngabo Jigme, frantically sent messages to Lhasa asking for instructions. After several messages went by without any response, his aide-de-camp finally got through to the Kashag aide-de-camp only to be told, "Right now is the period of the Kashags' picnic and they are all participating in this. Your telegrams are being deoded and then we will send you a reply." The aide's angry and frustrated response, 'skyag pa'i gling kha!, is quite understandable.
Tibet meticulously explains the key players in the sad saga. The authors analyse the political trends in Indian non-alignment politics and superpower rivalry in detail. Tibetan idiosyncrasies are not entirely left out. The Halpers relate one instance when Nehru yelled at Tenzin Gyatso, the new Dalai Lama, upon being told that Tibet must have independence. "That is not possible!" the Indian prime minister exploded, "You say you want independence and in the same breath you say you do not want bloodshed. Impossible!" At first glance a hypocritical outburst from a man who had, with Mohandas Gandhi, led India to independence through non-violent means, careful and objective consideration reveals that Nehru did not believe that non-violence was possible with all enemies.
The Halpers point to Nehru's poor council on China – VK Menon and KM Pannikar have been lambasted by Indian scholars for their excessively anti-imperialist and pro-China perspectives, attitudes that landed India in trouble in 1962. Between Nehru's approach to Indian national interests and the jaundiced views of his advisors, Tibet stood little chance. However, recent scholarship has also revealed that India's first prime minister was concerned about the threat China posed to India. He expressed such thoughts privately to a select group of confidantes while publicly proclaiming brotherhood with the Chinese. To be fair, Tibet is not about Indian foreign policy or Nehru but about how actions, rather than thoughts, played out in Tibet's story.
Tibet is an excellent read for any reader wishing to acquaint himself with the general contours of Tibetan history in the mid-twentieth century. Its placing of blame, however, seems to come from a sense of anguish – that all lovers of Tibet share – than the scholarship done even by its own authors. Particularly commendable is the the way the Halpers have shown how the different strands of the Tibetan issue – actors, political compulsions, material restrictions – all interlinked to a final tragic outcome.
Chirps
Ranchi circus grants bail to student, directs her to distribute copies of Qur'an: bit.ly/2JIsjQj | FTFY; you're welcome 1 hour ago
Palestinians find Abba Eban's 1973 quote racist: bit.ly/2JHv0lk | Looks like someone on their staff just f… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 7 hours ago
China will reject Dalai Lama not selected by party apparatus: bit.ly/2JHpv6g | Has it ever been any other… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 7 hours ago
England awarded extra run in final over of Cricket World Championship by mistake: bit.ly/2k4kSu3 | So as i… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 9 hours ago
India's moon mission delayed due to technical snag: reut.rs/2laJnpM | It's not run by IRCTC, so must be true 🙂 21 hours ago
Follow @orsoraggiante
Follow through RSS
Categories Select Category Audio (1) Book Review (58) Central Asia (3) Europe (23) France (5) Italy (5) United Kingdom (3) Middle East (50) Iran (15) Israel (25) Nuclear (71) Opinion and Response (76) Security (41) Society (55) Recipes (15) Satire (4) Sports (10) Travelogue (11) South Asia (223) India (219) Pakistan (23) Theory & Philosophy (24) Uncategorized (1) United States (33)
Archives Select Month Apr 2019 (2) Mar 2019 (1) Oct 2018 (1) Sep 2018 (1) Jul 2018 (2) Jun 2018 (3) May 2018 (5) Apr 2018 (1) Mar 2018 (2) Jan 2018 (2) Dec 2017 (7) Nov 2017 (2) Oct 2017 (2) Sep 2017 (1) Aug 2017 (2) Jul 2017 (2) Jun 2017 (11) May 2017 (6) Apr 2017 (6) Mar 2017 (7) Feb 2017 (4) Jan 2017 (6) Dec 2016 (1) Nov 2016 (3) Sep 2016 (8) Jul 2016 (3) Jun 2016 (9) May 2016 (3) Apr 2016 (1) Mar 2016 (5) Feb 2016 (5) Jan 2016 (5) Dec 2015 (10) Nov 2015 (2) Oct 2015 (5) Sep 2015 (4) Aug 2015 (2) Jul 2015 (5) Jun 2015 (6) May 2015 (6) Apr 2015 (9) Mar 2015 (5) Feb 2015 (2) Jan 2015 (5) Dec 2014 (3) Nov 2014 (11) Oct 2014 (6) Sep 2014 (10) Aug 2014 (5) Jul 2014 (5) Jun 2014 (11) May 2014 (4) Apr 2014 (7) Mar 2014 (3) Feb 2014 (3) Jan 2014 (6) Dec 2013 (7) Nov 2013 (3) Oct 2013 (5) Sep 2013 (5) Aug 2013 (12) Jul 2013 (7) Jun 2013 (8) May 2013 (1) Apr 2013 (2) Mar 2013 (4) Feb 2013 (4) Jan 2013 (6) Dec 2012 (12) Nov 2012 (7) Oct 2012 (4) Sep 2012 (3) Aug 2012 (10) Jul 2012 (5) Jun 2012 (3) May 2012 (11) Apr 2012 (11) Mar 2012 (8) Feb 2012 (5) Jan 2012 (1) Dec 2011 (1) Nov 2011 (1) Oct 2011 (1) Sep 2011 (1) Aug 2011 (2) Jul 2011 (2) May 2011 (3) Apr 2011 (1) Mar 2011 (1) Feb 2011 (1) Jan 2011 (1) Dec 2010 (1) Oct 2010 (1) Sep 2010 (1) Aug 2010 (2) Jul 2010 (1) Jun 2010 (1) May 2010 (1) Apr 2010 (1) Mar 2010 (1) Feb 2010 (1) Jan 2010 (1) Dec 2009 (1) Nov 2009 (1) Oct 2009 (2) Sep 2009 (1) Aug 2009 (1) Jul 2009 (1) Jun 2009 (1) May 2009 (1) Apr 2009 (2) Mar 2009 (1)
Polarised Electorates
The Election Season
Does Narendra Modi Have A Foreign Policy?
India and the Bomb
Nationalism Restored
Jews and Israel, Nation and State
The Asian in Europe
Modern Political Shibboleths
The Death of Civilisation
Hope on the Korean Peninsula
Diminishing the Heathens
The Writing on the Minority Wall
Mischief in Gaza
Politics of Spite
Thoughts on Nationalism
Never Again (As Long As It Is Convenient)
Earning the Dragon's Respect
Creating an Indian Lake
Does India Have An Israel Policy?
Reclaiming David's Kingdom
Not a Mahatma, Just Mohandas
India's Jerusalem Misstep
A Rebirth of American Power
The Myth of India's Hindu Nazis
Considerate la vostra semenza: fatti non foste a viver come bruti, ma per seguir virtute e canoscenza.


Neon is this week's challenge theme. I don't really like neon colors, and I don't own any true neon polishes anymore, so I had to go with my most vivid polish instead.
As base color I used Essence Va-Va-Voom, a coral creme that dries to a semi-matte finish. Using the DRK-B stamping plate and MoYou London White Night, I created this hibiscus flowers aloha-shirt-like pattern. One coat of KBShimmer Clearly On Top finished this mani.
Thank you Sara, I'm glad you like it.


text:
Home » What's in a name?
Posted inGeneral
by Luis V. Teodoro July 19, 2013
AS SOME congressmen have argued, not necessarily because they themselves benefit from it, pork barrel funds have been known to help far-flung communities, even if it's only in the form of a basketball court, a bridge, a road, or a barangay hall.
Some pork barrel-built roads do lead to nowhere, and pork barrel-built barangay halls have been known to leak like sieves when it rains. But that isn't always the case. The chances are one can find, somewhere in the length and breadth of this archipelago, roads that do start and end somewhere, and barangay halls that have been known to adequately shelter community residents when it doesn't only rain, but pours.
But perhaps unbeknownst to even more Filipinos, pork barrel funds have also been used to repair the roofs of state university colleges and to keep their toilets in reasonably working order.
It sounds, and actually is, an instance of one hand's giving what the other has taken away, but at the University of the Philippines, the pork barrel funds of some senators have been used to mend leaking roofs, remodel classrooms, upgrade laboratories, and generally upgrade facilities.
It's true that the need for funds for such repairs and upgrading has over the years been the result of the constant budget cuts Congress has been implementing in the futile and oxymoronic hope that state universities will be self-sufficient, but never mind. UP Presidents, UP college deans and other UP administrators, in the face of cuts in the maintenance and other operating expenses (MOOE) budget of UP, aren't about to turn down funds crucial to maintaining and upgrading laboratories, libraries and such other facilities necessary for meeting UP's mandate as the country's premier university.
The UP College of Mass Communication, for example, was able to construct two out of the three buildings of its Media Center out of the pork barrel funds of three senators. The UP College of Law's leaking roof was a similar beneficiary of pork barrel funds, as have other colleges in the UP System.
But while such assistance has been a large part of the external assistance UP has received from, among others, its alumni, it isn't necessarily a convincing argument against the proposal, particularly the bill filed by the Makabayan party list group in the House of Representatives, to abolish the pork barrel. Those instances in which the fund has been used for legitimate ends might be exceptions rather than the rule.
No one has so far done a survey to determine just how much pork barrel funds have benefitted the communities as well as such public institutions as public schools, state universities, and health services, and how much has gone into the pockets of politicians and their partners in crime. But even without that information, which admittedly would be difficult to generate, the emerging consensus seems to be that the pork barrel system is too far gone, too much a source of corruption, and generally too prone to misuse to preserve, and that no amount of "safeguards" will prevent its abuse.
Among the least hasty generalizations one can make about Philippine politics and governance is that every attempt, no matter how well-meaning and well-crafted, to correct defective systems, practices, and even laws seem to either end up making things worse, or to nevertheless enable the corrupt to find the most creative ways to access public funds, anyway.
No matter how carefully and even beautifully Philippine laws are worded, for example, they somehow end up being implemented either badly, or, when they're amended, end up making things worse. The debasement of language–its use to conceal the worst intentions–is among the most obvious characteristics of Philippine politics and governance. It isn't a device unique to Filipino politicians, or for that matter, to Filipinos, who did learn from their US mentors– who after all taught them self-governance– how calling them by the most beautiful names can make even the worst seem like the best.
(The US "pivot" to Asia, for example, is being justified in terms of the alleged need to assure regional "stability," a term which conceals the real intent to make sure that things don't change enough to endanger US economic interests. Filipino, especially Filipino politicians, have learned from the masters.)
What happened to the party-list law is illustrative. Thanks to both the malevolent ingenuity of that hardy breed called the Filipino politician, who very early saw the party-list system as a more convenient and less expensive way of remaining in Congress, as well as, more recently, the Supreme Court decision allowing established political parties to field nominees as representatives of the "marginalized" and "voiceless," a law meant to democratize, albeit in a limited way, the representation of the underrepresented in the House of Representatives has become just another means to assure the exact opposite–the continuing and even more pronounced dominance of political dynasties in that chamber.
Exactly the same process has been happening with the Congressional pork barrel funds, whose official name, Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF), is a prime example of how well the political elite has mastered the use of the prettiest words to mask the most awful realities.
Only those who've been living in a cave since 1946 are under the illusion that the fund has been or is being used mostly for "development," for rationally and systematically identified "priority" projects, or for helping the citizenry, unless you're referring to that segment of the citizenry known as politicians.
The process through which pork barrel funds are allocated and accessed is complicated enough, and contains safeguards meant to prevent congressmen and senators as well as private groups and individuals from appropriating the funds for themselves. And yet, by simply inventing out of thin air foundations and other groups and forging the signatures of local officials, an obscure organization of hustlers with delusions of grandeur but very real government connections has managed, so it is alleged, to access P10 billion in public funds since 2003.
The lesson is that anything that can be devised to prevent wrong-doing, corruption, even murder, can be circumvented, and even made to function in the opposite direction in this earthly paradise, thus the logic in the calls for the abolition of the pork barrel. These calls have been made for years, but have not been as persuasive as today, given not only the vast amounts of public funds a handful of conspirators have amassed and the crimes including kidnapping that seem to have been committed in the process.
After years of being tried and tested, the pork barrel has been found wanting. Calling it by another name hasn't made any difference, and it's time to do away with it.
His own man
Rehabilitating Lacson
Message to Aquino
Tagged: pork barrel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am a recent college graduate of the University of Minnesota this past May 2017. New York was already the destination since my Freshman year of college. I would have LOVED the opportunity to go to college in New York, but budget wise that was never an option.The TV show Gossip Girl honestly strengthened my passion to go to New York. After a few visits for school trips, vacations, and the National Retail federation Big Show, I was sold on the city.
NYC comes with it challenges when you are thousands of miles away from your family and boyfriend. But, I never back down from a challenge and have been loving every step or this journey.


text:
The National's High Violet hits #3 on charts
on May 19, 2010, 11:38am
When your new album receives high marks, is supported by dazzling performances on both Jimmy Fallon and David Letterman, and gets its very own YouTube webcast, there's a pretty good chance it's going to do well on the Billboard Charts. Like Justin Bieber and Lady Antebellum well.
In fact, the only albums to chart higher than The National's new album High Violet during the week of May 10th was Bieber's My World 2.0 and Lady Antebellum's Need You Now. According to Billboard, the Brooklyn outfit sold 51,000 copies of its fifth studio album last week — its best week ever. For the sake of comparison, the band's 2007 album Boxer debuted and peaked at #68.
Let's just hope they don't see a MGMT-like decline this week.
Franz Nicolay joins Against Me!
Report: Kings of Leon, My Morning Jacket, Al Green for Outside Lands '10


text:
2022 Fast Cat 5k/10k and Kids One Mile
Sat April 2, 2022 Directions
Register for the 2022 Fast Cat 5k/10k and Kids One Mile today!
5k Open
$30 8:30AM CDT Price increases after March 1, 2022 at 11:59pm CST
5K - Students 18 and under
$30	$25 8:30AM CDT Registration ends April 2, 2022 at 7:45am CDT
10K Open
10K Open - Students 18 and under
10K ELITE - $100 PRIZE PURSE
1 Mile Kids Run
Plainfield North High School, 12005 S 248th Street, Plainfield IL
We are excited to race with you again in 2022!
Join us for the 11th Annual FastCat 5k/10k and one mile kids run!
Celebrate 11 great years of racing with us on April 2, 2022 at Plainfield North High School. NEW CERTIFIED COURSE for the 10K ! This is a fast, flat USATF certified course that benefits the Plainfield North High School Track and Field team. Note that FastCat is the track team's only fundraiser!
FastCat will take place rain or shine! All runners registered by March 17th will be guaranteed a technical event T and goodie bag. After March 17th ~T shirt is based on availability. Covid safety measures: * We will follow guidelines in place at the time of the event. Dogs and strollers are allowed but we ask that they start at the back of their heat.
8:00am Kids 1 Mile run
8:25am - Elite 10K
8:30am - 10K and 5K Open and High School start
Thursday March 31 5:00PM - 7:00PM Location TBD
Friday 4/1 4:00PM - 7:00PM Location TBD
Saturday 4/2 6:30AM - 8:00AM at the Race Site
Awards Categories
5K: Top 3 Male/Female Overall, and Top 3 M/F in each Age Group (14 and under, 15-18, 19-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+)
10K Elite: Top 3 Male/Female Overall. Additionally, the Top 1 Male and Top 1 Female will each win $100. Note: To win an overall award or cash in the 10K race you must race in the Elite division. Additionally, elite runners are not eligible for age group awards.
10K Open: Top 3 M/F in each Age Group (18 and under, 19-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+)
10K Relay: Top 3 Relays Overall.
Kids: Top 3 Boys Overall and Top 3 Girls Overall.
Participants who opted in will receive a text message with their time shortly after crossing the finish line.
Results will be updated throughout the day at www.ItsRaceTime.com/Results.aspx?ID=2434
If you have any questions about this race, please contact the race director at
Friends of FastCat
Race Info Find a Participant Volunteer
Event Info Donate Sponsors
Sign Up Refund Policy Store


text:
It's a deadly game of 'tag' and Cary Grant is 'it'...
item number: 66H99
North by Northwest (Blu-ray) for $18.70
North By Northwest (1959) TV Spot (Trailer)
North By Northwest - Trailer
North by Northwest | Full Movie Preview | Warner Bros. Entertainment (Clip)
Released: November 9, 2010
Label: Turner Classic Movie
Note: Commentary by Screenwriter Ernest Lehman
Music-Only Audio Track
Dual Layer
Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo - English, French
Dolby Digital 5.1 - English, French
Subtitles - English, French
Starring Cary Grant & Eva Marie Saint
Performer: James Mason, Leo G. Carroll, Jessie Royce Landis, Philip Ober, Josephine Hutchinson & Martin Landau
Directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Edited by George Tomasini
Screenwriting by Ernest Lehman
Composition by Bernard Herrmann
Art Direction by Merrill Pye
Produced by Alfred Hitchcock
Director of Photography: Robert Burks
Total Count: 75
Rating: 5/5 -- North by Northwest, Alfred Hitchcock's very own adrenalin-fuelled action blockbuster. Full Review
Times (UK)
You know, whether the film is first- rate or not, that you are going to have fun there: because Hitchcock him- self is invincibly good fun and pretty well every- thing he touches becomes so too. Full Review
By seeming to acknowledge the insanity that surrounds him and taking droll pleasure in it, Grant implicitly allows the audience to revel in it too. Full Review
The Arts Desk
Rating: 5/5 -- As the template for a certain kind of old-school confection - Cold War, Wrong Man - it's unbeatable. Full Review
Its ingenious and witty script by Ernest Lehman was one of the handful of notable "originals" at a time when adaptations from "pre-sold" successes were all the rage in Hollywood. Full Review
A hopelessly attenuated round of mistaken identity, cloak-and-dagger doings, sympathetic but helpless friendly agents, a double-dealing woman, and so forth. Full Review
This is the purest piece of entertainment filmmaking we have had from him in some years; it is also, which does not inevitably follow, the most purely entertaining. Full Review
NORTH BY NORTHWEST is a suspense thriller that finds Cary Grant in the role of Roger Thornhill, a Manhattan advertising executive mistaken for a spy. Considered by many to be the prototypical pure action movie (creating the template for later James Bond and Indiana Jones films), the film is a cross-country roller-coaster ride with Alfred Hitchcock at the helm. The film is duly famous for several classic and indelible scenes, including the desert biplane encounter and the Mt. Rushmore climax. The original title was THE MAN IN LINCOLN'S NOSE, which was replaced by a reference to a line from William Shakespeare's HAMLET (in which Hamlet says, "I am but mad north-north-west."). The magical combination of Hitchcock and the debonair Grant--who made four wonderful films together--makes NORTH BY NORTHWEST a suspense-filled standout.
When Thornhill finds himself in the wrong place at the wrong time, the world as he knows it comes to an end. Suddenly danger threatens as the hapless businessman is targeted as an American intelligence agent and set up as a killer. All of Thornhill's attempts to straighten things out only make matters worse--and soon the desperate man is on the run from murderous foreign operatives, the CIA, and the police. The supporting cast, including Eva Marie Saint, James Mason, and Martin Landau, is uniformly excellent.
Adventure | Classic | Romance | Spies | Suspense | Thriller | On-The-Run | Mistaken Identity | Recommended | Blockbuster | Theatrical Release | Spy | Essential Cinema
Hitchcock cameo: The director can be seen missing a bus at the opening.
Shot in studios and on location on Long Island, New York, and in Chicago, Rapid City, and South Dakota.
Ernest Lehman received the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Screenplay of 1959.
NORTH BY NORTHWEST is number 40 on the American Film Institute's list of America's 100 Greatest Movies.
NORTH BY NORTHWEST was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1995.
In 2001, Ernest Lehman received the first honorary Academy Award ever presented to a screenwriter.
It's a Wonderful Life (Platinum Anniversary Ed.) (2-DVD)
Casablanca (70th Anniversary) (Blu-ray)
Casablanca (70th Anniversary)
It's a Wonderful Life (75th Anniversary) (Blu-ray)
Saboteur (Blu-ray)
The Man Who Knew Too Much (Blu-ray)
The Third Man (Blu-ray)
Rotten Tomatoes: Certified Fresh
Sales Rank: 2,802
Bullitt (DVD)
Medicine Man (DVD)
King Solomon's Mines (DVD)
Swiss Family Robinson (2-DVD)
The Phantom (DVD)
The Hunt for Red October (DVD)
Deliverance (DVD)
For Whom the Bell Tolls (DVD)
Thunderstruck (DVD)
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (DVD)
Panic (Retro Cover Art + Postcard)
The Day the Earth Stood Still
A Christmas Carol (Colorized)
Good Morning, Vietnam
My Cousin Vinny
Classified X: The Representation of African Americans in...


Posted on 4th July 2017.
I really loved this fabulous business portrait photography session in Cambridge last autumn. Kate contacted me as she was setting up her own small business in marketing, and needed some fun, stylish and relaxed business portraits and lifestyle shots. We met up in Cambridge and had a lovely few hours wandering around some gorgeous cafes and restaurants, making the most of lovely locations to create some fun business photographs.
We spent time discussing her brand. Kate had idea for images that would help her with social media and her website. Lovely relaxed, natural and fresh images would be so useful for all aspects of her branding.
We got a great selection or portraits and lifestyle photographs around the beautiful Cambridge. Such an amazing city to explore and use as stunning lifestyle backdrops.
If you're interested in portraits and lifestyle photography for your small business, then please do get in touch and we can chat about ideas and options to suit you. You can see more about what I do and what I can offer you and your small business here.


text:
Orthodox Frequently Asked Questions
Orthodox FAQ's
Orthodox/Catholic Timeline
Discussion on the Pope, the Bishop of Rome
Filioque
Why more books in the Orthodox Bible than the Catholic Bible?
Decomposed bodies of Saints
Mary's Assumption
Nicene Creed Text
Purgatory dialogue with an Orthodox Christian
Does the Orthodox Church predate the Catholic Church?
The Orthodox Bible. Did the Council of Nicea II confirm the Council of Carthage
The 1054 Split between Catholic and Orthodox
Orthodox position on divorce
Orthodox position on Contraception
The Crusade sack of Constantinople
Did the Apostle Andrew establish the Church in Constantinople?
Why can't babies receive communion in the Catholic Church?
Why can Orthodox Christians receive Catholic Communion but Catholics can't receive Orthodox Communion?
The history of the Church in Bulgaria
Heresies - listed
Has the Orthodox Church changed on significant issues?
If Peter had primacy, why did James make decision (Acts 15)?
Is Papal infallibility a "one man council"?
Is Peter the Rock of Matthew 16:18?
Are the other Patriarchs dependent on Rome?
Did Rome force Latin on the Eastern Churches?
Why did the Pope have a Kingdom?
Evangelicals becoming Orthodox
Did Catholics force "Mortal Sin" on eastern churches?
What's wrong with abortion
Who's body is it?
Pope Benedict on Gender Theory
Catholic & Orthodox Church
Babies can receive the Eucharist in the Orthodox Church, why do Catholic children have to wait?
We got an email that said:
Is it true that in the Catholic Church children cannot participate in the Holy Eucharist? In the Orthodox Church, children can be part of the Eucharist as soon as they have been baptized, and even newborn babies can recieve communion (of course, only the Blood of Christ at first). What is the reason/ explanation for this?
Yes, it is true that in the present-day Roman Rite of the Catholic Church reception of the Eucharist is delayed until children reach the age of reason. Now, this was not always the case in the Western Church. The very ancient Western Church used to administer the Eucharist (and Confirmation --that is, Chrismation) to infants at the time of their Baptism, just as the Eastern Orthodox still do today, and as Eastern Catholics (Uniates) still do today.
History of why Catholics delay communion until the age of reason
So, you are following the older custom. However, sometime in the early Middle Ages (when we Romans were still in full communion with the East), the Western Church decided that it would be of benefit to delay the Eucharist until children realized Who and What they are receiving. This came about because the Romans in the West were, at this time (the early Middle Ages) converting the German and Celtic peoples of northern Europe; and in a situation when there were mass conversions like this, the Western Church followed yet another custom of the very early Church, which was to exclude converts from the Eucharist until they were fully catechized --that is, fully acquainted with the Faith. For example, if you read the writings of St. Athanasius the Great or St. Cyril of Jerusalem (both of whom were Eastern fathers), they describe how, when it came time for Holy Communion (the Eucharist), all of the Christian novices (pagan converts preparing for Baptism) were asked to leave the room, so that they could not even watch the Baptized Christians partake of the Eucharist.
This was done because the Eucharistic Mystery is so profound and so sacred, that the Church wanted to make 100% sure that the new converts were fully educated in the Faith so that they would not look at the Eucharist as if it were mere bread or mere wine, but believe with all their hearts that it is the Real Presence of the risen Jesus Christ. And, while it is true that the ancient Church only did this for people who were not yet Baptized, the medieval Western Church decided that it would be beneficial to treat Baptized Christian children like this --that is, to withhold the Eucharist from them until they were old enough to realize what it is and to believe in it.
It doesn't mean babies and young children are not in communion
Now, to the Eastern mind, this may seem to imply that we Western Romans are saying that Baptized children are not in full communion with the rest of us. But, this is not what it means to the Western mind at all. Rather, it is just a Western discipline that developed as part of our Western experience, and the need to make sure that children fully understood Who and What they are receiving in the Eucharist. So, here again, we have a case in which East and West faced different situations, and responded to them differently --according to their different cultural sensibilities. But, we both believe the same thing about the Eucharist. Anyone who is Baptized into Christ and belongs to the true Apostolic Faith may receive the Eucharist, even a baby. And, in the Eastern rites of the Catholic Church (i.e., those Eastern Churches which are already in full communion with us Romans), babies are given the Eucharist (the Precious Blood or a small piece of the consecrated Bread --the Body of Christ) at the time of their Baptisms. In the Roman rite, we merely feel that it works better (in our culture) if we delay giving the Eucharist to children until they are old enough to appreciate it and receive Him in conscious faith.
Differences in adminstration of sacrements are pastoral, not doctrinal
We recieved another question as follows:
I wonder if you could cite some sources for your assertion that the church made a conscious decision to delay reception of communion until the child could understand who he is receiving. I have always understood that the theology behind the delayed reception of Communion developed after practical considerations resultedin the withholding of Communion from infants and young children. My source for this is the well respected Fr. Robert Taft, who wrote: "The practice [of communing infants] began to be called into question in the 12th century not because of any argument about the need to have attained the "age of reason" (aetus discretionis) to communicate. Rather, the fear of profanation of the Host if the child could not swallow it led to giving the Precious Blood only. And then the forbidding of the chalice to the laity in the West led automatically to the disappearance of infant Communion, too. This was not the result of any pastoral or theological reasoning. When the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) ordered yearly confession and Communion for those who have reached the "age of reason" (annos discretionis), it was not affirming this age as a requirement for reception of the Eucharist....
Nevertheless, the notion eventually took hold that Communion could not be received until the age of reason, even though infant Communion in the Latin rite continued in some parts of the West until the 16th century. Infant Communion, they refused to agree with those who said it was useless and inefficacious — realizing undoubtedly that the exact same arguments used against infant Communion could also be used against infant baptism, because for over ten centuries in the West, the same theology was used to justify both! " This is actually the only explanation I've ever heard, and I'm interested in hearing more about the explanation that you give.
Also, I would be interested in your take on the fact that the Western Church currently (and for the last 100 years or so) administers the sacraments of initiation out of order.
Mark Bonocore responds:
Thanks for writing. I'll of course be happy to address your question. However, before I do, I must address the apparent, overall context of your concern:
You say that you are a Byzantine Catholic "with [Eastern] Orthodox leanings," and you are "constantly looking for affirmation in [your] decision to stay with Rome." Fair enough. However, this being the case, it should be pointed out that any incidental differences (or the motivations for those differences) in the administration of the Sacraments between the Byzantine Catholic Church and the Roman Catholic Church are merely pastoral matters, not doctrinal ones. …and certainly not dogmatic ones. In other words, if Byzantine Catholics and Roman Catholics administer a Sacrament differently (according to different pastoral practices), this is most certainly not a Church-dividing issue. For, needless to say, the unity between Byzantine Catholics and Roman Catholics is not based on common pastoral practice, or even on a common Liturgical Rite, but rather on a unity of substantial Apostolic doctrine, and most especially of substantial dogma. This is the nature of our unity. Aside from this unity of substantial / dogmatic doctrine (i.e., a substantial unity of Faith), we are two, entirely different (regional) Churches, originating from, and reflecting the cultural concerns and preoccupations of, two very different civilizations –the remnants of the Eastern Roman Empire vs. the remnants of the Western Roman Empire. It is only the substance of the Apostolic Faith (our common heritage) that unifies us. And we of course express this common substance differently, through the medium of our two different civilizations –Byzantine vs. Roman. And so, because of this dynamic, it simply should not matter to you (as a Byzantine) how we Romans administer the Eucharist, or why we do it in the manner that we do it. As long as we do not violate the essential, Apostolic nature of the Holy Eucharist, you (as a Byzantine) should be able to remain in full communion with us and to accept our (outwardly different but substantially consistent) pastoral practices. This is how it has always been in the universal Church. …not only when it comes to East vs. West, but also (as I'll illustrate below) among individual city-churches within our respective regions (e.g. different Eastern city-churches tolerating each other's pastoral or Liturgical differences).
Its not west verses east
The development of the current Roman Catholic pastoral practice of withholding the Eucharist from infants and very young children – is a practice differs from the current Byzantine practice, where a tiny morsel of the Eucharist is given to infants when they are Baptized. However, I must dispute several claims made by Fr. Taft, who unfortunately has bought in some modernist-liberal historical revisionism, and who paints with entirely too broad a brush. Indeed, Fr. Taft is apparently under the impression that this issue can be classified as a "Western" practice differing from an "Eastern" practice –as if the entire West chose to administer the Eucharist in one way, whereas the entire East chose to do it in another way. Yet, this is not the case. The historical reality is far more complicated and diverse. And the best way to explore this is to begin with the current Byzantine practice, in which (as I said) the Eucharist is first given to infants at the time of their Baptisms.
Now, as a Byzantine, you are most likely under the impression that the current Byzantine practice of giving the Eucharist to infants is the original practice of the universal Church (dating back …universally …to the time of the Apostles). This is the (mistaken) impression of many Eastern Christians (Catholic, Orthodox, and Monophysite), who share the current Byzantine practice today. However, even a quick glimpse of Church history will show that this has not always been the universal practice, not even in the East! For, in the ancient Church, both in the East and in the West, such Liturgical practices (which were rooted in local, pastoral concerns) often differed, not only from region to region (e.g. the patriarchate of Antioch vs. the patriarchate of Alexandria), but even between individual city-churches within these regions! And, again, this was true in both the East and in the West, neither of which had "monolithic" Liturgical practices until much later in history.
And, we know with great certainty that the ancient Eastern Church did not universally administer the Eucharist to infants (i.e., the current Byzantine practice) because we know that the ancient Eastern Church did not universally Baptize infants! Indeed, in both the ancient East and in the ancient West, there was strong disagreement among bishops as to whether or not Baptism should be delayed until adulthood, or at least until the child could decide for himself to enter into the Christian Covenant. This am not saying that any ancient bishop denied the validity of infant Baptism. On the contrary, even in those city-churches where Baptism was customarily delayed until adulthood, if an unbaptized child became sick (because infant mortality was of course very high in the ancient world), the bishop would Baptize this child immediately. So, as with our modern Roman view of giving the Eucharist to infants, it was not a matter of validity (infant Baptism was always and universally recognized to be valid), but a matter of appropriateness. Some ancient bishops (especially in the East) believed that it was not appropriate or helpful (under normal conditions) to Baptize a person while still an infant, but that Baptism would be taken more seriously if delayed until adulthood. And one of these bishops was of course the father of the great Eastern father St. Gregory of Nazianzus! For, even though his own father was the bishop of his native city, St. Gregory was not Baptized until he was an adult. And this was true of several Eastern Church fathers and other saints of the ancient Eastern Church.
If regional eastern city churches didn't baptise infants, they didn't give communion either
If a certain city-church did not even Baptize infants, it obviously did not give these infants the Eucharist either! This goes without saying; and it illustrates the historical fact that the current Byzantine practice was not the universal practice of the ancient Church. …Nor could it become common practice in the East until the practice of actually Baptizing infants became universally accepted. And, again, this was true in both the East and in the West.
Now, as with the East, the West also underwent a development of its own. In many places in the West (not all) the Eucharist was administered to infants. And, as Fr. Taft says, there was a common practice of giving only the Precious Blood to the infants, for fear that they would spit out the Eucharistic Bread. However, this Western practice developed very early; even proceeding the time of Constantine. For, in the A.D. 250's, we have St. Cyprian of Carthage (in [western] North Africa) relating a story that depicts the practice in the church of Carthage in his day. He writes:
"Listen to what happened in my presence, before my very eyes. There was a baby girl, whose parents had fled (i.e., during the persecutions) and had, in their fear, rather improvidently left it in the charge of its nurse. The nurse took the helpless child to the magistrates. There, before the idol where the crowds were flocking, as it was too young to eat the flesh, they gave it some bread dipped in what was left of the wine offered by those who had already doomed themselves. Later, the mother recovered her child. But the girl could not reveal or tell the wicked thing that had been done, any more than she had been able to understand or ward it off before. Thus, when the mother brought her in with her while we were offering the Sacrifice, it was through ignorance that this mischance occurred. But the infant, in the midst of the faithful, resenting the prayer and the offering we were making, began to cry convulsively, struggling and tossing in a veritable brain-storm, and for all its tender age and simplicity of soul, was confessing, as if under torture, in every way it could, its consciousness of the misdeed. Moreover, when the Sacred Rites were completed and the deacon began ministering to those present, when its turn came to receive, it turned its little head away as if sensing the Divine Presence, it closed its mouth, held its lips tight, and refused to drink from the chalice. The deacon persisted and, in spite of its opposition, poured in some of the Consecrated Chalice. There followed choking and vomiting. The Eucharist could not remain in a body or mouth that was defiled; the Drink which had been sanctified by Our Lord's Blood returned from the polluted stomach. So great is the power of the Lord, and so great His majesty!" ---St. Cyrian, The Lapsed" Ch. 25, circa 249-258 A.D.
Now, of special note in this account by St. Cyprian is the fact that the pagans gave this Christian infant some bread (from their pagan sacrifice) soaked in wine (from their pagan sacrifice). This is, needless to say, similar in form to the current Byzantine practice. Yet, the Carthaginian Christians at this time did not use a similar form, but gave only the Eucharistic Wine to the infant. So, as can be seen in this account, as early as the 250's, the pastoral practice in the North African church of Carthage was to administer the Eucharist to infants from the Chalice only. The Eucharistic Bread was not given to them.
But, this was still not a universal practice in the West, nor even in North Africa itself! For, along with this account from St. Cyprian, we have statements from his historical contemporaries showing that other areas of North Africa (Cyprian's own providence, over which he himself was Metropolitan) were still delaying Baptism until adulthood! …and so were obviously not giving the Eucharist to unBaptized infants! For example, Cyprian's contemporary Tertullian writes …
"And so, according to the circumstances and disposition, and even age, of each individual, the delay of Baptism is preferable; principally, however, in the case of children." (Tertullian, On Baptism A.D. 212).
There was respectful disagreement among bishops
And this respectful disagreement among local bishops in North Africa over the appropriateness of infant Baptism continued under Cyprian, who likewise allowed each African bishop to maintain his own position on a variety of other pastoral concerns, such as the supposed need to re-Baptize heretics who sought communion with the Catholic Church. In Cyprian's own words, "None of us [meaning: 'none of we Africans'] makes himself a bishop of bishops." And so, even though he (as Bishop of Carthage) was the Metropolitan Archbishop over all Africa, Numidia, and Mauriatania (a vast amount of territory in the Roman Empire), Cyprian did not impose his own (Carthaginian) pastoral practices on the other African bishops. This would obviously have included the local decisions to Baptize infants and to administer the Eucharist to them. It would also include whether infants were to be given the Eucharist under both Species (Bread and Wine), or just the Wine.
Indeed, elsewhere in the West (and even in Italy), local pastoral practices continued to differ from church to church, and from region to region. This was especially the case given that the ancient and medieval Western Church did not subscribe to a single, Roman Rite (as is predominately the case today), but was rather divided into those churches which subscribed to the Roman Rite and those churches which subscribed to the various forms of the Gallican Rite (i.e.. its sub-rites: e.g. the Ambrosian Rite of Northern Italy; the Isidorian and Mozabrian Rites of Spain; the Celtic Rite in Ireland and Britain, etc.). All of these Liturgical spheres of Western Christendom expressed themselves differently, and treated the reception of the Eucharist differently. Some mirrored the developing Byzantine Rite and gave the Eucharist to infants at the time of their Baptism and thereafter. Others delayed the Eucharist, either to another time, or until the child was older. And, again, this diversity came into being very early on (mirroring the diversity that existed regarding the appropriate age for Baptism), and it could very well manifest itself among different churches within the same districts, if not within the same cities or towns! Indeed, within a given parish, there might even be a situation in which one priest subscribed to one pastoral custom (giving the Eucharist to infants) while another priest favored a different custom (and so excluded children until they were older). And this was all part of the natural, historical development of an evolving Western Christian society. As in the East, solutions came into being over time and in accord with approved or rejected practice.
Orthodox priest, Fr. Taft is mistaken in his assmptions
So, Fr. Taft is simply incorrect (or, at best, overly simplistic) when he says "The practice [of communing infants] began to be called into question in the 12th Century." It was most certainly an issue long before that. However, Fr. Taft is correct when he says that the current Roman practice did not originally (or entirely) stem from a concern that the child attain the "age of reason." Such a "psychological" concern would not be at the forefront of medieval thought. Rather, in both the medieval and the ancient mind, the concern was not one of proper "psychological development" for the child, but rather of mature experience and cultural awareness. As with the ancients and their concern about the appropriateness of infant Baptism, the issue was not whether or not the child was "psychologically ready" to be Baptized, or whether or not Baptism would be able to "take effect" for an infant, but rather the bishops' desire to maximize the recipient's cultural appreciation of Baptism by delaying it until adulthood. In the same way (and most likely, in many places, in direct historical relation to the desire to delay Baptism), the delay in administering the Eucharist was designed to maximize the recipient's cultural appreciation of the Real Presence. For, just as it was feared that someone who was Baptized as an infant might "take their Baptism for granted" and (when they became an adult in a totally Christian secular society) not appreciate the serious Covenantal commitment that they entered into when they were Baptized (as an infant), so it was feared that someone who received the Eucharist from earliest childhood may likewise "take the Real Presence for granted" and (when they became an adult in a totally Christian secular society) not appreciate or manifest the proper awe and reverence with which the Eucharist should be treated. So, in neither case, it was not a matter of some concern for proper psychological development on the part of the recipient of Baptism or the Eucharist, but rather a concern that these holy Mysteries might not become too "familiar" or "matter of fact" for a person raised in a Christian family and belonging to a totally Christian secular society. In this, it was rather like the present Byzantine practice of withdrawing oneself from the Eucharist for a time, so that you might develop a proper 'spiritual hunger' for the Eucharistic Lord, and so a deeper and truer appreciation for the Holy Mystery. This was the understanding.
It's tied to infant baptism
And, as I touched on above, the delay of giving the Eucharist to infants or children may likely have originally developed (in various places) as a kind of "compromise" with those bishops who were originally opposed to the normality of infant Baptism. In other words, once infant Baptism became universally accepted as the norm, various places began to delay the Eucharist (to separate the giving of First Communion from the time of Baptism) so as to protect the Eucharist from being under-appreciated or "taken for granted." Sadly, I cannot provide direct historical testimony to account for this development. It would of course be very helpful to have one or two Church fathers directly commenting on this development. Yet, given the historical dynamics, the notion that such a development must have taken place is quite commonsensical (at least to my own mind).
In addition to this, there is also the development of profound, medieval Western piety in regard to the Eucharist, which led many Christians (often correctly and appropriately) to believe that they were not worthy to receive the Eucharist. And this created a dynamic in Western Christendom in which reception of the Eucharist (or even making one's First Holy Communion) became a rare and neglected thing. And while the reception of the Eucharist should of course not be rare or neglected for Christians, one needs to appreciate how such an attitude developed (with considerable validity) in the Western Church. For, unlike in the East, where Roman (Byzantine) civilization and urban life continued without much interruption, Western Europe experienced a literal collapse of civilization with the fall of the Western Empire. And, for the next 1,000 years or so, Western civilization became highly militarized, engaging in near-constant wars, raids, and other acts of (arguably) very "non-Christian" behavior. The "Christian" aristocracy of this society was a warrior elite, and it routinely had copious amounts of blood on its hands. And, because of this, the aristocrats of Western Europe who were paradoxically both viciously warlike and sincerely pious at the same time, typically felt that they were unworthy to receive the Eucharist …at least until later in their lives (when there military careers were over, and when they could spend their old age repenting for their sinful lives). And this was, by no means, a new phenomenon. Constantine the Great exhibited a similar sensibly, even delaying his own Baptism until his deathbed! And so, the military aristocracy of medieval Europe (who were, nevertheless, Baptized) followed Constantine's implicit example and considered themselves to be unworthy of fully participating in the Sacramental life of the Church. And the common people simply followed their example; the result being that reception of the Eucharist at the Western Liturgies became infrequent for the vast majority of laity. And this situation (which began with some validity, based on sincere piety) was not corrected until the time of Pope St. Pius X, who initiated an earlier age for First Holy Communion, and encouraged the more frequent reception of the Eucharist for the laity. And this is of course the present practice of the Roman Catholic Church. Some (such as myself) would of course argue that this present practice needs to be amended, given that it has gone too far, allowing for wide-spread abuse of the Sacrament, with many people receiving the Eucharist unworthily at ever Mass. Pope St. Pius (in the 19th Century) did not of course foresee such a thing.
The decision of the Council of Trent
As for the decision of Trent that it is not essential that infants receive Communion, this was and is understood in the sense of the corporate (communal) dynamic of the Church as the Body of Christ. In other words, what Trent is saying is that, even though the infant himself does not physically receive the Eucharist, the grace of the Eucharist is imparted to the Baptized infant via the infant's one-Flesh unity with the entire Church, into which the infant is Baptized and with which the infant is one-Flesh, one-Body. This is why (even in the Byzantine Rite) those who abstain from the Eucharist for a time (for the sake of "oikonomia") STILL REMAIN part of the one Body of the Church, and so still part of the Eucharistic Mystery of the Church (and in the Liturgy), even though they have no physically partaken of the Sacrament. A Western parallel would be our practice and theological understanding that it is not necessary for each member of the congregation to partake of the Precious Blood of Christ at the Liturgy, but that the priest on the altar receives the Chalice (the Chalice of the New Covenant") on behalf of the congregation …and because he (acting "in the Person of Christ") acts as the Sacramental Head to the Sacramental Body of the assembled Church. So, the merits and graces associated with the Eucharist likewise reach the infant who, as yet, is not considered properly disposed to receive the Eucharist physically. Since, by virtue of his Baptism, he is part of the Eucharistic Body (the Church), the infant is not deprived or excluded. This is our Roman theological understanding.
There is a claim Romans apparently "administer the Sacraments of initiation out of order." By this, we assume you mean the Sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation (Chrismation). This would be misunderstanding our Liturgical Rite of Baptism. We do not administer them out of order. The oil that is placed on a baby's head at the time of Baptism is not the Sacrament of Confirmation / Chrismation, but rather a kind of "foretaste" of it. In our Rite of Baptism, we are proclaiming that the new Christian is taking on the character of Jesus Christ, and so we anoint the new Christian as "a Priest, a Prophet, and a King." This is something different from the Anointing that is given in Confirmation / Chrismation. And to appreciate it properly, one must study how our two rites developed.
Mark Bonocore
Edited by Hugh
Lord Jesus, let Your prayer of unity for Christians
become a reality, in Your way.
We have absolute confidence
that you can bring your people together,
we give you absolute permission to move.
Show all Catholic/Orthodox topics


Does anyone ship cakepops from hot weather states during late spring/summer? If so, do you use cool packs/styrofoam etc.. any source ideas?
Angela Morant-Roques I don't usually ship past Easter but I have someone wanting something in late summer and I was wondering the same thing??
Ashley Chadwick Kaiser We ship from AZ all year, but only next day - with cold paks and styro, after freezing 24 hours. We had custom boxes made though to fit ours so they are separated. We didn't ship them during summer until we got our boxes.
Dawn Mitchell I was wondering the same thing -- shipping from the East Coast to AZ/TX. Next day was so expensive and other methods would have them melt. Any suggestions?
Darlene Badgett Ritchey I don't ship from Texas. Too hot!
Raleigh Cake Pops We ship every day! Looking for the least expensive? Try Express mail through USPS (overnight service for around $25). Use a thermal/cooler bag (try uline) with 2 or 3 ice packs/bricks. Add ice packs to bottom, cover with excelsior or (not so eco-friendly) styro peanuts...put your boxed pops in the bag...close up the bag THEN box the bag. Good luck!
Carlynn Shapero Goodman This page (and people responding) rocks!
The Sweet Life~All your sweetest treats I have used dry ice in a few packages and it seems to work well.


Fairfax Media reports Newcastle are set to extend the contract of coach Nathan Brown for a further two years, until the end of 2020.
The deal, which will be struck by club new owners Wests Group, will include performance indicators.
"The key for us is the head coach, getting him sorted out for the next period of time," Wests chief executive Phil Gardner said.
"I think we're keen to sign him on those performance conditions and get him extended for another two more seasons. Then we can offer some certainty for the players we're trying to attract.
"It's very hard to say to the players: 'He's only signed for one more year but we'd like you to sign for three or five'.
Gardner said similar on the day the agreement was formalised. Browny was always on for an extension after supporting the take over.
Super interested to see the performance indicators.
Hopefully we will get to see them. But in the end Brown is the right coach for us at the moment and hopefully if results continue, in to the future.
Newcastle are set to revolutionise the way contracts are done.
First it was Mitchell Pearce's deal filled with a series of performance based triggers and now coach Nathan Brown is on the verge of signing a similar deal.
Off-contract at the end of this season, Knights chief executive Phil Gardner revealed to Market Watch negotiations with the coach are well advanced, with performance clauses a focal point of the deal.
"We're in negotiation with Nathan and his management and we expect to have his contract renewed soon," Gardner told Market Watch.
"We're hoping we'll have it done by the end of March.
"Coming off three wooden spoons it needs to be a performance-based contract, so there's a fair bit of negotiation with how that sits … and what the performance criteria is.
Market Watch can also reveal the Knights are leaning towards a three-year extension, which would tie Brown to the club until the end of 2021 depending on results.
While Gardner is hoping to have the deal finalised within the next four weeks, there's no hurry or consideration that the team's start to the 2018 season will impact on negotiations.
Gardner admits there's "a fair bit for us to negotiate," with the deal the first of it's kind, where triggers will see the coach rewarded for success in terms of ladder position and finals matches - as opposed to a set salary.
"It certainly is a new era for this," he said.
"The better we perform, the more people are coming through the gates and the more revenue will be there, the players and coaches should benefit from that and the converse needs to be true.
"If we don't get the performance we get the impacts on the bottom line and that needs to follow through to them as well.
"I think you'll see more of it, particularly the long-term contracts some players are signing.
Brown is in the final season of a three-year contract and on board with the idea of having performance-related clauses as part of his contract.
"We are in a results-driven business," Brown told Market Watch.
Gotta love dropkick journalists like Nathan Ryan/Foxsports who know nothing about the deal, yet calling it revolutionary expecting people to get baited by the headings and think they will go into detail about it when in reality they know as little as we do.
Great but will surely ruffle the feathers of the 'Lynch Browny' gang!
Have'nt heard much from the Lynch Browny gang seeing we have won both games so far but as soon as we have a loss i'm sure they will be in fine voice again ..Browny cant coach , the club is doomed , the players he bought are crap , that sort of thing lol.
Battler, The Artist Formerly Known as Aku'd, Lefty and 2 others like this.
Gee some people get caught up in silly drama. There was never really a "lynch" mob just some doubting Brown's ability to actually coach a football side in the nrl as so far we have really only seen rebuilding phases.
I took it with a grain of salt. Some people like to argue the fact. Makes for conversation I suppose.
We've conceded 30 a game and "won' 2 spoons in Brown's first 2 years. Him and Mooney have done a great job with the roster but I'll judge Brown's coaching ability on what I see this year because my Grandmother couldn't have done any worse in 16/17.
mozza and slotmachine like this.
Absolutely loved this quote and shows the quality of Wests as owners. Everyone knows the job Brown and Mooney were brought in to do. It was never going to be pretty and wins were never likely, Brown said that from day one. To then, after the seeming near completion of the rebuild, tell them to hit the road because results have been poor would've been a disgrace. As a player looking to sign for the club I would've looked at that and really questioned the clubs honesty and integrity. Brown has been so great for this club, he has brought in great people who have really elevated the club 100%. Mooney is the obvious one, but there's also Tony Ayoub, who frankly is the best buy Newcastle have had in years. Our players look fitter and faster than I can remember since the Glory years of Newcastle. No more over weight Leilua's or Chubby Pat Mats.
The last thing is Brown can actually coach! You only need to look at some of the set plays from this year and even last year. I remember the game against Brisbane last year where we ran a really nice set play from about 40m out. Fairly sure Ross streaked through a hole after a nice bit of build up play, however the last pass from Feeney was poor and we knocked on. I remember thinking that it was an outstanding play call if only we'd had a half capable of delivering it properly.
Proud of the club for sticking by Brown and Mooney despite the obvious poor record.
Wobbles, Battler, EASBay17 and 2 others like this.
I think this is Pat's year. He can't even make the bench in NSW Cup anymore, but this is definitely his year.
I love how people see Browns coaching as two wooden spoons etc. on the surface yes. If you actually look how the team has improved in those two seasons, deeper then the results, he has done a really good job, it's always on the coach to have the team turn up.
You look at the slop the coaches of the Raiders, Eels, Panthers have dished up. They have been playing together for years and still can't get it right. Even with their talent.
It's the exact same when we made the 8 under Bennet, we got their on the back of talent and got caught out against the Roosters.
He dropped Levi which I thought was madness. But that's an example if he hasn't had praise for, not too many if any coaches would have dropped Levi. It was a bold move and it appears to have worked.
Battler, Tasgirl, Ethan and 1 other person like this.
The weekly article where Gardner says Brown will sign soon - presumably when he comes to terms with there being no other offers coming for him, so he has to accept the "make the 8 or get sacked" performance clause.
We can point out the odd set play and agree there was improvement towards the back end of the season but we've still leaked almost 30 a game for 2 years. It was all Aku's fault apparently. According to Pearce Brown's a very smart coach when it comes to the attack. Let's see what he can do for our defence. Maybe call Ivan Cleary.
If only Rick Stone would come back. Some would be happy with that. Get that gun Mamo back also.
Brown has done a very good job so far this year.
His strategy of playing "opposed sessions" with his top team settled and playing together for months has got what is just about a complete new side up to scratch for round 1.
We might have a price to pay however, because our team is basically 10 weeks in to what might turn out to be a 35 week season for them.


The brochure for the 2019 Vacation Term for Biblical Study is just out, and there is an impressive lineup of lecturers. The VTBS is a unique opportunity to have lectures from top-notch scholars in biblical studies (and related subjects), and a lovely setting in Cambridge (UK). I give here the brochure so you can see for yourself: VTBS Brochure 2019.
Share the word, fellow bloggers!


text:
Community Psychology in Global Perspective
Keywords Black Lives Matter COVID-19 Climate change Community Psychology Italy Poverty, Rural, Climate Change, Global South. RSEs class strugles climate change community community psychology culture diversity migration resilience resistance sense of community social justice social representations social-environmental conflicts structural violence
Publication Home > Vol 6, No 1 (2020) > Tessitore
Land of care seeking: Pre- and post-migratory experiences in asylum seekers' narratives
Francesca Tessitore, Giorgia Margherita
Since 2015, the arrival in Europe of thousands of asylum-seekers has thrown in crisis the certainties on which our continent has built his common identity, configuring the forced migration issue as a social, political, humanitarian and psychological priority. Researches in the field of refugees and asylum-seekers are mainly focused on their increased risk of psychological distress and psychopathology, but the adverse effects of trauma are also compounded by different post-migration stressors, including living difficulties, unemployment, discrimination. Taking a psychodynamic perspective,the present study aims to look at the forced migration experience as a multilevel phenomen and to explore the migratory experiences of 20 North-African asylum seekers hosted in Italy. In-depth interviews, developed ad hoc, were administered and then analysed by the software T-LAB. The analysis of the interviews showed 4 thematic clusters: Not a human place, Crossing the dark of the Mediterranean Sea, When everything started, Land of care seeking. Repeated traumatic experiences and an ambivalent view of Italy and of the reception centres emerged from narratives. Reflections on the implications of the study in terms of research as well as clinical practice will be outlined.
DOI Code: 10.1285/i24212113v6i1p74
Keywords: forced migration; asylum seekers; Italy; qualitative research; narratives.
Arnetz, J., Rofa, Y., Arnetz, B., Ventimiglia, M., & Jamil, H. (2013). Resilience as a protective factor against the development of psychopathology among refugees. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(3), 167-172. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182848afe
Beiser, M., & Hou, F. (2017). Predictors of positive mental health among refugees: Results from Canada's General Social Survey. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54(5–6), 675–695. doi:10.1177/1363461517724985
Belz, M., Belz, M., Özkan, I., & Graef-Calliess, I.T. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in refugees: Assessment of a sample from a German Refugee Reception Center. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54(5–6), 595–610. doi:10.1177/1363461517745473
Bohleber, W. (2007). Remembrance, trauma and collective memory: The battle for memory in psychoanalysis. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 88(2), 329-352. doi:10.1516/V5H5-8351-7636-7878
Bolasco, S. (1999). Analisi multidimensionale dei dati. Metodi, strategie e criteri d'interpretazione [Multidimensional analysis of data: Methods, strategies and criteria for interpretation]. Roma, Italy: Editore Carocci.
Buckingham, S.L., Brodsky, A.E., Rochira, A., Fedi, A., Mannarini, T., Emery, L., Godsay, S., Miglietta, A., & Gattino, S. (2018). Shared communities: A multinational qualitative study of immigrant and receiving community members. American Journal of Community Psychology, 62(1-2), 23-40. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12255
Caponio, T., & Cappiali, T. (2017). The Persistent Issue of Refugees: Organized Hypocrisy, Solidarity, and Mounting Protest. Italian Politics, 32(1), 175-193. doi:10.3167/ip.2017.320111
Carrera, S., Sanchez, G., Vosyliute, L., Smialowski, S., & Allsopp, J. (2018). Fit for purpose? The Facilitation Directive and the criminalisation of humanitarian assistance to irregular migrants: 2018 update. European Parliament; Policy Department of Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved from https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/60998
Carswell, K., Blackburn, P., & Barker, C. (2011). The relationship between trauma, post-migration problems and the psychological well-being of refugees and asylum seekers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(2), 107-119. doi:10.1177%2F0020764009105699
Cleveland, J., Kronick, R., Gros, H., & Rousseau, C. (2018). Symbolic violence and disempowerment as factors in the adverse impact of immigration detention on adult asylum seekers' mental health. International Journal of Public Health, 63(8), 1001-1008. doi:10.1007/s00038-018-1121-7
Crepet, A., Rita, F., Reid, A., Van den, B.W., Deiana, P., Quaranta, G., Barbieri, A., Bongiorno, F., & Di Carlo, S. (2017). Mental health and trauma in asylum seekers landing in Sicily in 2015: A descriptive study of neglected invisible wounds. Conflict and Health, 11, 1-11. doi:10.1186/s13031-017-0103-3
D'Angelo, A. (2019) Italy: the 'illegality factory'? Theory and practice of refugees' reception in Sicily, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(12), 2213-2226. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1468361
D'Angelo, C., Corvino, C., De Leo, A., Sanchez Martin, R. (2019). How can performing arts and urban sport enhance social inclusion and interculturalism in the public space? Comunicazioni Sociali On-Line, 1, 1-14. doi:001200000050
Decree-law no. 113 of 4 October, converted, with amendments, into Law no. 132 of 1 December 2018. Retrieved from https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2018/10/04/18G00140/sg
Decree-law n.53 of 14 June converted, with amendments into Law no. 77 of 8 August 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2019/06/14/19G00063/sg
De Luca Picione, R., Martino, M.L., & Troisi, G. (2019). The semiotic construction of the sense of agency. The modal articulation in narrative processes. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 53(3), 431-449. doi:10.1007/s12124-019-9475-9
Dinan, D., Nugent, N., & Paterson, W. E. (2017). The European Union in Crisis. London, UK: Macmillan International Higher Education.
Dixon, T., Hawkins, S., Heijbroek, L., Juan-Torres, M., & Demoures, F. (2018). Attitudes towards national identity, immigration and refugees in Italy. More in Common. Retrieved from: https://www.thesocialchangeinitiative.org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/ItalyENFinal_Digital.compressed.pdf
Drožđek, B., Wilson, J.P., & Turkovic, S. (2012). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and psychopathology in refugees: A Reflective cross-cultural contextual view of mental health interventions. In U.A. Segal & D. Elliott (Eds.), Refugees worldwide-volume three: Mental health, (pp.165-186). Westport, London: Praeger Publisher.
Esposito, F., Ornelas, J., Briozzo, E., & Arcidiacono, C. (2019). Ecology of sites of confinement: Everyday life in a detention center for illegalized non‐citizens. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63(1-2), 190-207. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12313
Esposito, F., Ornelas, J., Scirocchi, S., & Arcidiacono, C. (2019). Voices from the inside: Lived experiences of women confined in a detention center. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 44(2), 403-431. doi:10.1086/699344
Esposito, F., Ornelas, J.H., & Arcidiacono, C. (2015). Migration-related detention centres: The challenges of an ecological perspective with a focus on justice. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1), 13. doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0052-0
Fédida, P. (2007). Umano/disumano [Human/Inhuman]. Roma, Italy: Borla.
Gabrielli, L. (2017). Deconstructing migration and refugee "crises" in the Mediterranean. The need for a broader temporal and geographical view for a policy reorientation in Europe. IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.iemed.org/observatori/areesdanalisi/arxiusadjunts/anuari/med.2017/IEMed_MedYearbook2017_migration_refugee_crises_Gabrielli.pdf
Gargiulo, A., & Margherita, G. (2019). Narratives of self-harm: The experience of young women through the qualitative analysis of blogs. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 1-19. doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2055
Giacco, D., Laxhman, N., & Priebe, S. (2018). Prevalence of and risk factors for mental disorders in refugees. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 77, 144-152. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.030
Giannetto, L., Ponzo, I., & Roman, E. (2019): National report on the governance of the asylum reception system in Italy. CEASEVAL research on the common European asylum system (21). Retrieved from: http://ceaseval.eu/publications/WP3_Italy.pdf
Grinberg, L. & Grinberg, R. (1989). Psychoanalytic perspective on migration and exile. Yale, USA: Yale University Press.
Hollifield M., Warner, T.D., Lian N., Krakow, B., Jenkins, J.H., Kesler, J., Stevenson, J., Westermeyer, J. (2002). Measuring trauma and health status in refugees. A critical review. JAMA, 288(5), 611–621. doi:10.1001/jama.288.5.611
inCAStrati. (2016). Accogliere: La vera emergenza [Welcome: the true emergency]. Retrieved from https://www.cittadinanzattiva.it/files/primo_piano/giustizia/LasciateCIEntrare-rapporto.pdf
Kellezi, B., Bowe, M., Wakefield, J.R., McNamara, N., & Bosworth, M. (2019). Understanding and coping with immigration detention: Social identity as cure and curse. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(2), 333-351. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2543
Kirmayer, L.J., Kienzler, H., Afana, A. H. & Pedersen, D. (2010). Trauma and disasters in social and cultural context. In C. Morgan & D. Bhugra (Eds.), Principles of social psychiatry, 2nd ed. London, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kirmayer, L.J., Lemelson, R., & Barad, M. (2007). Understanding trauma: Integrating biological, clinical, and cultural perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Krzyżanowski, M., Triandafyllidou, A., & Wodak, R. (2018). The mediatization and the politicization of the "refugee crisis" in Europe. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 16, 1-2, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2017.1353189
Laban, C.J., Komproe, I.H., Gernaat, H.B., & de Jong, J.T. (2008). The impact of a long asylum procedure on quality of life, disability and physical health in Iraqi asylum seekers in the Netherlands. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(7), 507. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0333-1
Lancia, F. (2004). Strumenti per l'analisi dei testi [Tools for text analysis]. Roma, Italy: Franco Angeli.
Li, S.S., Liddell, B.J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0723-0.
Lysaker, P.H., Clements, C.A., Plascak-Hallberg, C.D., Knipscheer, S.J., & Wright, D.E. (2002). Insight and personal narratives of illness in schizophrenia. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 65(3), 197-206. doi:10.1521/psyc.65.3.197.20174
Margherita G., & Tessitore, F. (2019). From individual to social and relational dimensions in Asylum-Seekers' Narratives: A multidimensional approach. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 21(2), 96-111. doi:10.1080/13642537.2019.1599977
Margherita, G., & Gargiulo, A. (2018): A comparison between pro- anorexia and non-suicidal self-injury blogs: From symptom-based identity to sharing of emotions. Psychodynamic Practice. doi:10.1080/14753634.2018.1535326
Margherita, G., Troisi, G., Tessitore, F., & Gargiulo, A. (2017). Teen mothers who are daughters of teen mothers: Psychological intergenerational dimensions of early motherhood. Children and Youth Services Review, 83, 294-301. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.10.010
Margherita, G., Boursier, V., Gargiulo, A., & Nicolò, G. (2017). Sognare e narrare la maternità. Un'analisi tematica dei sogni delle gestanti [To dream and to narrate motherhood. A thematic analysis of pregnant women's dreams]. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, XXI(2), 237-256. doi: 10.1449/87536
Mannarini, T., Talò, C., Mezzi, M., & Procentese, F. (2018). Multiple senses of community and acculturation strategies among migrants. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(1), 7-22. doi:10.1002/jcop.21913
Mannarini, T., & Salvatore, S. (2019). Making sense of ourselves and others: A contribution to the community-diversity debate. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 5(1), 26-37. doi:10.1285/i24212113v5i1p26
Maercker, A., Heim, E., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2018). Cultural clinical psychology and PTSD. Gottinga, Germany: Hogrefe Verlag.
Melchionda, U. (2016). Intra Moenia. Il sistema di accoglienza per rifugiati e richiedenti asilo in Italia nei rapporti di monitoraggio indipendenti [Intra Moenia. The reception system of refugees and asylum seekers in Italy in the monitoring independent relations]. Roma, Italy: IDOS.
Ministry of Interior (2018). I numeri dell'asilo [The numbers of asylum]. Retrieved from: http://www.interno.gov.it
Nakash, O., Nagar, M., Shoshani, A., & Lurie, I. (2015). The association between acculturation patterns and mental health symptoms among Eritrean and Sudanese asylum seekers in Israel. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(3), 468. doi:10.1037/a0037534
Paloma, V., García-Ramírez, M., Camacho, C., & Olmedo, L. (2016). How are we studying migrant well-being? A critical view from a liberating community psychology approach. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 2(1), 73-86. doi: 10.1285/i24212113v2i1p73
Papadopoulos, R. (2007). Refugees, trauma and adversity-activated development. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 9(3), 301-312. doi:10.1080/13642530701496930
Phillimore, J. (2011). Refugees, acculturation strategies, stress and integration. Journal of Social Policy, 40(3), 575-593. doi:10.1017/S0047279410000929
Reinert, M. (1995). I mondi lessicali di un corpus di 304 racconti di incubi attraverso il metodo Alceste. [The lexical worlds of a corpus of 304 narrations of nightmares through Alceste method]. In R. Cipriani & S. Bolasco (Eds.), Ricerca qualitativa e computer [Qualitative research and computer] (pp. 203–223). Milano, Italy: Franco Angeli.
Risso, M., Boeker, W. (1992). Sortilegio e delirio [Sorcery and delirium]. In V. Lanternari, V. De Micco, & G. Cardamone (Eds.), Psicopatologia delle migrazioni in prospettiva transculturale [Psychopathology of migrations in transcultural perspectives]. Naples, Italy: Liguori.
Ryan, D.A., Benson, C.A., & Dooley, B.A. (2008). Psychological distress and the asylum process: A longitudinal study of forced migrants in Ireland. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(1), 37-45. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31815fa51c
Salvatore, S., Mannarini, T., Avdi, E., Battaglia, F., Cremaschi, M., Fini, V., Forges Davanzati, G, Kadianaki, I., Krasteva, A., Kullasepp, K., Matsopoulos, A., Mølholm, M., Redd, R., Rochira, A., Russo, F., Santarpia, A., Sammut, g., Valmorbida, A, & Veltri, A.G. (2018). Globalization, demand of sense and enemization of the other: A psychocultural analysis of European societies' sociopolitical crisis. Culture & Psychology, 25(3), 345-374 doi:10.1177%2F1354067X18779056
Simich, L., & Andermann, L. (2014). Refuge and resilience: Promoting resilience and mental health among resettled refugees and forced migrants. New York, NY: Springer.
Stein, C.H., & Mankowski, E.S. (2004). Asking, witnessing, interpreting, knowing: Conduction qualitative research in community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology 33(1-2), 21-35. doi:10.1023/B:AJCP.0000014316.27091.e8
Tessitore, F., & Margherita, G. (2019). The asylum seekers images-mediated narrative interview: Evaluation of a new methodology on narrative meaning-making processes. In M. Bottini, L. Carnelli, M. Di Sarno, G. Perego, G. Tognasso (Eds.), Proceedings XXI National Congress
Italian Psychological Association Clinical and Dynamic Section Milan – 27-29 September 2019. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology MJCP, 7(2) Suppl. 2019. doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2268
Tessitore, F., Glovi, F.A., & Margherita, G. (2019). Pre- and post-migratory experiences of refugees in Italy: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology MJCP, 7(3), 1-17. doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2171
Tessitore, F., & Margherita, G. (2019). Female Nigerian asylum seekers in Italy: An exploration of gender identity dimensions through an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Health Care for Women International. doi:10.1080/07399332.2019.1692849
Tessitore, F. & Margherita, G. (2017). A review of asylum seekers and refugees in Italy: Where is the psychological research going?. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology MJCP, 5(2), 1-35. doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1612
Turcotte, D., & Silka, L. (2007). Social capital in refugee and immigrant communities. In J. Jennings (ed.) Race, neighborhoods, and the misuse of social capital. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230604827_7
Turner, V. (1969). Liminality and communitas. In V. Turner, R.D. Abrahams, & A. Harris (Eds.), The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure (pp.125-30). London, UK: Routledge.
UNHCR (2018). Update, 2018.
Vargas-Silva, C. (2012). Handbook of research methods in migration. Cheltenham Glos, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Varvin, S. (2017). Our relations to refugees: Between compassion and dehumanization. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 77(4), 359-377. doi:10.1057/s11231-017-9119-0


Our experienced attorneys will personally attend to your needs when it comes to your personal injury case. If involved in an accident, whether it be auto, slip and fall, or dog bite incident, we are here to serve you. Personal Injury lawsuits must be commenced within 2 years of the date of the incident.


How to do the Back Lever exercise, muscles worked, and a video tutorial.
Often performed in Calisthenics, Street Workout, and CrossFit, the Back Lever is one of the fundamental static strength holds in Gymnastics. It can be performed on rings, or a pull-up bar.
This was one of the first impressive gymnastic holds that I managed to attain. I remember feeling such a sense of accomplishment when I could do the straight-leg ("Full") version.
Where do I start? This is a total body exercise!
The Back Lever is a static strength exercise. I find it works my Lats, Upper Back and Posterior Deltoids (Shoulders) very hard.
Surprisingly, one of the weakest links is the lower back. Most people aren't used to lifting their hips up like this in any gym based exercises—so you may find that you're strong enough in the upper body to hold the position, but too weak in the lower back to extend your legs.
Other supporting muscles worked to a lesser extent are the Abs, Glutes, Pectorals and Quadriceps.
Then do a few reps of Skin the Cat in a not very taxing manner, to further warm up the area and avoid injury.
The Back Lever puts a lot of strain on your shoulders, biceps and elbows, so it's best to really take your time moving from one progression to the next, otherwise you can end up with an injury thattakes months to recover from.
After this you can progress to Back Lever Pullouts, which is doing the Back Lever down to Skin the Cat, and then pulling your body back up to an Inverted Hang.
Pullouts are a lot harder than lowering! Once you've mastered the Full Back Lever as a static hold, you may find you're only able to do Pullouts with a tucked body (rather than straight legs). It'll take time to build the strength to do it with straight legs.


text:
using namespace std;

namespace deregnet {

SuboptimalStartHeuristic::SuboptimalStartHeuristic(Graph* xgraph,
                                                   NodeMap<double>* xscore,
                                                   Node* root,
                                                   std::set<Node>* exclude,
                                                   std::set<Node>* receptors,
                                                   std::function<bool(double, double)> xcmp,
                                                   NodeMap<std::string>* xnodeid,
                                                   std::set<std::string>* xnodes_sof_far,
                                                   double xmax_overlap,
                                                   int xsize)
 : DeregnetStartHeuristic(xgraph, xscore, root, exclude, receptors, xcmp),
   nodeid { xnodeid },
   nodes_so_far { xnodes_sof_far },
   max_overlap { xmax_overlap },
   size { xsize }
{ }

Node* SuboptimalStartHeuristic::get_best_root() {
    double best;
    Node* best_node { nullptr };
    bool overlap_matters { max_overlap < 1.0 / nodes_so_far->size() };
    if (receptors)
        for (auto v : *receptors) {
            if ( is_overlap_node(&v) && overlap_matters )
                continue;
            else
                update_best_node(&best_node, &v, &best);
        }
    else
        for (NodeIt v(*graph); v != INVALID; ++v) {
            if ( is_overlap_node(&v) && overlap_matters )
                continue;
            else
                update_best_node(&best_node, &v, &best);
        }
    return best_node;
}

bool SuboptimalStartHeuristic::search_further() {
    size--;
    if (size > 0 && found_node)
        return true;
    else if (size > 0 && !found_node)
        return false;
    else if (size == 0) {
        success = true;
        return false;
    }
    else
        return false;
}

bool SuboptimalStartHeuristic::feasible_node(Node* node) {
    bool overlap_node { is_overlap_node(node) };
    double potential_overlap { static_cast<double>( current_overlapping_nodes / start_solution->size() ) };
    if (exclude) {
        if (overlap_node) {
            if (   start_solution->find(*node) == start_solution->end()
                && potential_overlap < max_overlap
                && exclude->find(*node) == exclude->end()) {
                current_overlapping_nodes++;
                return true;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (start_solution->find(*node) == start_solution->end() && exclude->find(*node) == exclude->end())
                return true;
        }
    }
    else {
        if (overlap_node) {
            if (   start_solution->find(*node) == start_solution->end()
                && potential_overlap < max_overlap) {
                current_overlapping_nodes++;
                return true;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (start_solution->find(*node) == start_solution->end())
                return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool SuboptimalStartHeuristic::is_overlap_node(Node* node) {
    for (set<string>::iterator nodeID = nodes_so_far->begin(); nodeID != nodes_so_far->end(); ++nodeID)
        if ( *nodeID == (*nodeid)[*node] )
            return true;
    return false;
}

}    //    namespace deregnet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ontario's summer culture has become undoubtedly, and perhaps forever, linked with its abundance of music festivals. With more than a couple dozen of them happening across Ontario over the next three months, we know it's a lot to keep track of. That's why we created this short guide, showing you all the upcoming music festivals across the province. Check out below for where and when these festivals are taking place, some of the performing artists, and what you can expect from each experience.
About: Kitchener's infamous three-day EDM music festivals has become an established venue for some of the biggest performers from Toronto and beyond. A must attend for any adventurous bass lovers.
About: Runner for it's fifth year, Field Trip has become a celebration for Toronto's culture, art, music and diversity. Discovery and community are at the heart of this inclusive festival.
About: Having started in 1980 as a marching band, Sound of Music Festival has evolved tremendously since. Hosting a myriad of both emerging and legendary artists, each June they grow encompassing new attractions and performances. The largest festival in their area, the Sound of Music Festival last a full week just to contain all the amazing shows they are preparing.
Headliners: Way too many to list, see the full calendar here.
About: Known as North America's premiere jazz festival, the Toronto Jazz Festival has been running since 1987 and is expected to host over 1,500 musician across the city through its 10 day run. With over 85% Canadian artists, this festival helps support all things Jazz and Canada.
About: North by North East is a 10 day music festival that delivers more than just music. Gaming, comedy, interactive activities and much more. The three music days run from the 23rd to the 25th, but be sure to check out the many other activities that the 23rd annual NXNE festival has to offer.
About: This 2-day country music experience will be in London this Canada Day weekend. Drawing people from all across Southwestern Ontario, the festival is hosting some of the biggest names in Country music.
About: This two day country music festival launched only last year, but still drew amazing shows from artists like Zac Brown Band and Eric Church. The success of the festival brings it back in 2017, with more detail to be announced soon!
About: Beginning in 1994, Ottawa's Bluesfest has evolved from mainly focusing on blues music to encompassing a multitude of artists from a number of genres including rock, country, hip-hop, and rap. Taking place over a full week, each day is filled with several performers and features a headlining artist at the end of the day.
About: Originally known as Digital Dreams, Dreams Music Festival is one of Toronto's most popular electronic/EDM music festivals. Their current re-brand into a more mature and exclusive event may come with a few changes, but the possessive music and hypnotic light shows are sure to stick around.
About: An annual celebration of Canadian culture and music, the Elora Festival is one of the oldest festivals in Ontario. Be sure to check out all the special features the festival will be bringing in to celebrate Canada's 150th Anniversary.
About: More than a just a music festival, Mariposa hosts over 100 plus musicians, dancers, spoken word artists, amazing food vendors, and a variety of inclusive programs that expose the attendees to all things folk culture. Be sure to visit The Artisans' Village where folk artisans will be selling a variety of handcrafted works.
About: Growing to be one of the largest free African festival in North America, Afrofest was created to share the value of African culture with Toronto. Filled with diverse exhibits, performers, artists, and vendors, the festival invites people to celebrate African culture and diversity in Toronto. Help to keep it a free event by donating to this festival!
About: Spending its first 10 years catering to the Classic Rock demographic, London's Rock the Park Music Festival has grown to include a variety of genres. This year the festival is hosting a different music genre each day. These include Country, Rap/Hip-Hop, I Love the 90's (featuring artists such as Salt n' Pepa, Vanilla Ice and Color Me Badd), Alternative Rock and Pop Rock. Get your tickets fast, the I Love the 90s night has already sold out!
About: This 3-day, five stage festival hosts musicians, spoken word artists, and workshops from across Canada. Past performers include Gord Downie, Feist, The Weakerthans, Sloan, City and Colour, Arkells and several other great Canadian artists. A truly Canadian experience in the great outdoors.
About: This boutique summer music festival features emerging indie, roots, folk, punk and electronic artists. The location, Fishers' Paradise just South of River Valley, is the perfect natural setting that includes camping and swimming.
About: Every summer the renowned Toronto rapper Drake draws thousands of fans to his local stomping grounds for the now iconic festival named after his very own record label. The festival is known for surprising its audience with special guests and secret performers. Be sure to check out some of the rumours circling online about who will be attending this year's festival.
About: Not your typical music festival, Wayhome is running for it's third year on its values of bringing different and interesting people together to experience good music, food and all around togetherness. Hosting a multitude of stages with various indie performers, a seemingly endless row of amazing food trucks and variety of vendors selling handcrafted goodies, this festival is sure to become an Ontario staple. Be sure to invest in a camping space to get the full three-day party experience!
About: There has never been a country music festival quite as big as Boots and Hearts in Canada. This festival is a four-day celebration featuring some of the biggest names in country. The festival grounds are massive and surrounded by vast meadows that show off a beautiful Canadian landscape.
About: This will be the sixth annual Veld Music Festival. It may appear that the festival is short being only two days in length, but you will be exhausted by the end. Guaranteed. The festival features over 30 internationally acclaimed Dance Music and Hip-Hop acts which will continually keep you on your feet.
About: Another camping and music festival, Havelock Country Jamboree is a smaller scale to Boots and Hearts. It's four days long and it has been running for 27 straight years! This year, the festival has added new larger twin stages to up the ante from previous years.
About: This isn't so much a festival as it is a celebration of art and music that also raises awareness for local farmers and the local food movement. Nonetheless, it's on the list. The festival features a diverse lineup of musicians, both of local and international talent. There are tons of activities including fishing, hiking, canoeing and disc golf. There's even a Kids Area, so it's fun for the whole family!
About: This is the 9th annual Riverfest held in Elora. It started off as a humble little music festival held along the banks of the Grand River, and it has come a long way since then. The festival is predominantly Canadian and covers a wide array of genres.
As these amazing festivals get closer and closer we will continue to update our guide to fill all the information still to be announced! Let us know which music festival you are most excited for!
This post was created in conjunction with indieinterluded.com an alternative indie music blog from Toronto.