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Since the late 1970's, the United States has established a network of bilateral Social Security agreements that coordinate the U.S. Social Security program with the comparable programs of other countries. This article gives a brief overview of the agreements and should be of particular interest to multinational companies and to people who work abroad during their careers.
International Social Security agreements, often called "Totalization agreements," have two main purposes. First, they eliminate dual Social Security taxation, the situation that occurs when a worker from one country works in another country and is required to pay Social Security taxes to both countries on the same earnings. Second, the agreements help fill gaps in benefit protection for workers who have divided their careers between the United States and another country.
Agreements to coordinate Social Security protection across national boundaries have been common in Western Europe for decades. Following is a list of the agreements the United States has concluded and the date of the entry into force of each. Some of these agreements were subsequently revised; the date shown is the date the original agreement entered into force.
Entry into Force Date paid
Italy November 1, 1978
Germany December 1, 1979
Switzerland November 1, 1980
Belgium July 1, 1984
Norway July 1, 1984
Canada August 1, 1984
United Kingdom January 1, 1985
Sweden January 1, 1987
Spain April 1, 1988
France July 1, 1988
Portugal August 1, 1989
Netherlands November 1, 1990
Austria November 1, 1991
Finland November 1, 1992
Ireland September 1, 1993
Luxembourg November 1, 1993
Greece September 1, 1994
South Korea April 1, 2001
Chile December 1, 2001
Australia October 1, 2002
Japan October 1, 2005
Denmark October 1, 2008
Czech Republic January 1, 2009
Poland March 1, 2009
Slovak Republic May 1, 2014
Hungary September 1, 2016
Brazil October 1, 2018
Uruguay November 1, 2018
Slovenia February 1, 2019
Iceland March 1, 2019
Dual Coverage
The Problem of Dual Coverage
Without some means of coordinating Social Security coverage, people who work outside their country of origin may find themselves covered under the systems of two countries simultaneously for the same work. When this happens, both countries generally require the employer and employee or self-employed person to pay Social Security taxes.
Dual Social Security tax liability is a widespread problem for U.S. multinational companies and their employees because the U.S. Social Security program covers expatriate workers--those coming to the United States and those going abroad--to a greater extent than the programs of most other countries. U.S. Social Security extends to American citizens and U.S. resident aliens employed abroad by American employers without regard to the duration of an employee's foreign assignment, and even if the employee has been hired abroad. This extraterritorial U.S. coverage frequently results in dual tax liability for the employer and employee since most countries, as a rule, impose Social Security contributions on anyone working in their territory.
Dual tax liability can also affect U.S. citizens and residents working for foreign affiliates of American companies. This is likely to be the case when a U.S. firm has followed the common practice of entering into an agreement with the Department of the Treasury pursuant to section 3121(l) of the Internal Revenue Code to provide Social Security coverage for U.S. citizens and residents employed by the affiliate. In addition, U.S. citizens and residents who are self-employed outside the United States are often subject to dual Social Security tax liability since they remain covered under the U.S. program even if they maintain no business operations in the United States.
Other features of U.S. law increase the odds that foreign workers in the United States will also face dual coverage. U.S. law provides compulsory Social Security coverage for services performed in the United States as an employee, regardless of the citizenship or country of residence of the employee or employer, and irrespective of the length of time the employee stays in the United States. Unlike many other countries, the United States generally does not provide coverage exemptions for nonresident alien employees or for employees who have been sent to work within its borders for short periods. For this reason, most foreign workers in the United States are covered under the U.S. program.
Paying dual Social Security contributions is especially costly for companies that offer "tax equalization" arrangements for their expatriate employees. A firm that sends an employee to work in another country often guarantees that the assignment will not result in a reduction of the employee's after-tax income. Employers with tax equalization programs, therefore, typically agree to pay both the employer and employee share of host country Social Security taxes on behalf of their transferred employees.
Under the tax laws of many countries, however, an employer's payment of an employee's share of a Social Security contribution is considered to be taxable compensation to the employee, thus increasing the employee's income tax liability. The tax equalization arrangement generally provides that the employer will also pay this additional income tax, which in turn serves to increase the employee's taxable income and tax liability even further. The employer again pays the additional tax, etc., etc.
As one can readily see, the employee's foreign Social Security coverage results in a substantially greater tax burden for the employer than the nominal Social Security tax alone. Depending on the other country's tax rates, in some countries this "pyramid" effect has been known to increase an employer's foreign Social Security costs to as much as 65-70 percent of the employee's salary, as illustrated below.
Pyramid Effect
Salary: U.S.$50,000
Foreign Social Security Tax Rate: 30% (employer--U.S.$8,000; employee--U.S.$7,000)
Foreign Marginal Personal Income Tax Rate: 72%
Under the tax equalization arrangement, the employer pays both the employee's foreign Social Security tax of U.S.$7,000, plus the employee's foreign income tax.
$7,000 multiplied by 72% $5,040
and so on multiplied by 72% $3,483
TOTAL EMPLOYER PAYMENTS (U.S.$)
Salary $50,000
Employer Social Security Tax $8,000
Employee Social Security Tax $7,000
Income tax $18,000
Effective tax rate = $33,000 (total tax) divided by $50,000 (salary) = 66%
Exacerbating the cost concern is the fact that workers who are subject to dual Social Security taxation usually receive no additional benefit protection for the contributions paid to the foreign country. Even if the worker resides abroad for several years, the duration of employment may not be sufficient for the individual to become insured for benefits under the host country's Social Security program. For all practical purposes, the contributions are lost.
Eliminating Dual Coverage
The aim of all U.S. totalization agreements is to eliminate dual Social Security coverage and taxation while maintaining the coverage of as many workers as possible under the system of the country where they are likely to have the greatest attachment, both while working and after retirement. Each agreement seeks to achieve this goal through a set of objective rules.
A general misconception about U.S. agreements is that they allow dually covered workers or their employers to elect the system to which they will contribute. This is not the case. The agreements, moreover, do not change the basic coverage provisions of the participating countries' Social Security laws--such as those that define covered earnings or work. They simply exempt workers from coverage under the system of one country or the other when their work would otherwise be covered under both systems.
Territoriality Rule
The provisions for eliminating dual coverage with respect to employed persons are similar in all U.S. agreements. Each one establishes a basic rule that looks to the location of a worker's employment. Under this basic "territoriality" rule, an employee who would otherwise be covered by both the U.S. and a foreign system remains subject exclusively to the coverage laws of the country in which he or she is working.
Detached-worker Rule
Each agreement (except the one with Italy) includes an exception to the territoriality rule designed to minimize disruptions in the coverage careers of workers whose employers send them abroad on temporary assignment. Under this "detached-worker" exception, a person who is temporarily transferred to work for the same employer in another country remains covered only by the country from which he or she has been sent. A U.S. citizen or resident, for example, who is temporarily transferred by an American employer to work in an agreement country continues to be covered under the U.S. program and is exempt from coverage under the system of the host country. The worker and employer pay contributions only to the U.S. program.
The detached-worker rule in U.S. agreements generally applies to employees whose assignments in the host country are expected to last 5 years or less. The 5-year limit on exemptions for detached workers is substantially longer than the limit normally provided in the agreements of other countries.
The detached-worker rule can apply whether the American employer transfers an employee to work in a branch office in the foreign country or in one of its foreign affiliates. However, for U.S. coverage to continue when a transferred employee works for a foreign affiliate, the American employer must have entered into a section 3121(l) agreement with the U.S. Treasury Department with respect to the foreign affiliate.
Under certain conditions, a worker may be exempted from coverage in an agreement country even if he or she was not assigned there directly from the United States. If, for example, a U.S. company sends an employee from its New York office to work for 4 years in its Hong Kong office and then reassigns the employee to work for 4 additional years in its London office, the employee can be exempted from U.K. Social Security coverage under the U.S.-U.K. agreement. The detached worker rule applies in cases like this provided the worker was originally sent from the United States and remained covered under U.S. Social Security for the entire period preceding the assignment in the agreement country.
Italian Agreement - An Exception
The agreement with Italy represents a departure from other U.S. agreements in that it does not include a detached-worker rule. As in other agreements, its basic coverage criterion is the territoriality rule. Coverage for expatriate workers, however, is based principally on the worker's nationality. If a U.S. citizen who is employed or self-employed in Italy would be covered by U.S. Social Security absent the agreement, he or she will remain covered under the U.S. program and be exempt from Italian coverage and contributions.
Self-Employment Rules
U.S. Social Security coverage extends to self-employed U.S. citizens and residents whether their work is performed in the United States or another country. As a result, when they work outside the United States, citizens and residents are almost always dually covered since the host country will normally cover them also.
Most U.S. agreements eliminate dual coverage of self-employment by assigning coverage to the worker's country of residence. For example, under the U.S.-Swedish agreement, a dually covered self-employed U.S. citizen living in Sweden is covered only by the Swedish system and is excluded from U.S. coverage.
Although the agreements with Belgium, France, Italy and Germany do not use the residence rule as the primary determinant of self-employment coverage, each of them includes a provision to ensure that workers are covered and taxed in only one country. You can obtain more details on any of these agreements here on our web site or by writing to the Social Security Administration (SSA) at the address below.
Special Exceptions
Despite the fact that the agreements are designed to assign Social Security coverage to the country where the worker has the greatest attachment, unusual situations occasionally arise in which strict application of the agreement rules would yield anomalous or inequitable results. For this reason, each agreement includes a provision that permits the authorities in both countries to grant exceptions to the normal rules if both sides agree. An exception might be granted, for example, if the overseas assignment of a U.S. citizen were unexpectedly extended for a few months beyond the 5-year limit under the detached-worker rule. In this case, the worker could be granted continued U.S. coverage for the additional period.
As a cautionary note, it should be pointed out that the exception provision is invoked fairly infrequently and only in compelling cases. It is not intended to give workers or employers the freedom to routinely elect coverage in conflict with normal agreement rules.
Certificates of Coverage
Workers who are exempt from U.S. or foreign Social Security taxes under an agreement must document their exemption by obtaining a certificate of coverage from the country that will continue to cover them. For example, a U.S. worker sent on temporary assignment to the United Kingdom would need a certificate of coverage issued by SSA to prove his or her exemption from U.K. Social Security contributions. Conversely, a U.K.-based employee working temporarily in the United States would need a certificate from the U.K. authorities as evidence of the exemption from U.S. Social Security tax.
When SSA issues a certificate certifying U.S. coverage, a copy of the certificate usually must be presented to the appropriate foreign authorities as proof of entitlement to the foreign exemption for the U.S. employee and the employer. When the other country issues a certificate certifying that the employee is covered by the foreign system, the employer can immediately stop withholding and paying U.S. Social Security taxes on the employee's earnings. The certificate should just be retained in the employer's files so it can be produced in the event the Internal Revenue Service ever questions why no taxes are being paid for the employee. A self-employed U.S. citizen or resident must attach a photocopy of the foreign certificate to his U.S. tax return each year as proof of the U.S. exemption from self-employment taxes. In accordance with Revenue Procedure 84-54, the foreign certificate serves as proof of the exemption from U.S. Social Security taxes for the period shown on the certificate.
Employers generally are required to request certificates on behalf of employees they have transferred abroad; self-employed persons request their own certificate. Certificates of U.S. coverage may be requested by writing to the address at the end of this article.
Requests should include the employer's name and address in the United States and the other country, the worker's full name, place and date of birth, citizenship, U.S. and foreign Social Security numbers, place and date of hiring, and the beginning and ending dates of the assignment in the foreign country. (If the employee will be working for a foreign affiliate of the U.S. company, the request should also indicate whether U.S. Social Security coverage has been arranged for the employees of the affiliate under section 3121(l) of the Internal Revenue Code.) Self-employed persons should indicate their country of residence and the nature of their self-employment activity. When requesting certificates under the agreement with France, the employer (or self-employed person) must also certify that the worker and any accompanying family members are covered by health insurance.
(N.B. The provisions for eliminating dual coverage apply to coverage and contributions under the U.S. retirement, survivors, disability and hospital (Medicare) insurance programs, and the retirement, survivors and disability insurance programs in the foreign countries. Some agreements may also apply to coverage and contributions under additional programs in the foreign country, such as insurance for short-term sickness, work accident and unemployment. As a result, workers exempted from foreign coverage by one of these agreements pay no Social Security taxes for these additional programs and generally may not receive benefits from them. In this case, the worker and employer may wish to arrange for alternative benefit protection.)
Totalization Benefits
The Problem of Gaps in Benefit Protection
In addition to providing better Social Security coverage for active workers, international Social Security agreements help assure continuity of benefit protection for persons who have acquired Social Security credits under the system of the United States and the system of another country.
Workers who have divided their careers between the United States and a foreign country sometimes fail to qualify for retirement, survivors or disability insurance benefits (pensions) from one or both countries because they have not worked long enough or recently enough to meet minimum eligibility requirements. Under an agreement, such workers may qualify for partial U.S. or foreign benefits based on combined, or "totalized," coverage credits from both countries.
To qualify for benefits under the U.S. Social Security program, a worker must have earned enough work credits, called quarters of coverage, to meet specified "insured status requirements." For example, a worker who attains age 62 in 1991 or later generally needs 40 calendar quarters of coverage to be insured for retirement benefits. Under a Totalization agreement, if a worker has some U.S. coverage but not enough to qualify for benefits, SSA will count periods of coverage that the worker has earned under the Social Security program of an agreement country. In the same way, a country party to an agreement with the United States will take into account a worker's coverage under the U.S. program if it is needed to qualify for that country's Social Security benefits. If the combined credits in the two countries enable the worker to meet the eligibility requirements, a partial benefit can then be paid, which is based on the proportion of the worker's total career completed in the paying country.
The agreements allow SSA to totalize U.S. and foreign coverage credits only if the worker has at least six quarters of U.S. coverage. Similarly, a person may need a minimum amount of coverage under the foreign system in order to have U.S. coverage counted toward meeting the foreign benefit eligibility requirements.
Filing Totalization Benefit Claims
People generally do not need to take action concerning Totalization benefits under an agreement until they are ready to file a claim for retirement, survivors or disability benefits. A person who wishes to file a claim for benefits under a Totalization agreement may do so at any Social Security office in the United States or the foreign country.
International Social Security agreements are advantageous both for persons who are working now and for those whose working careers are over. For current workers, the agreements eliminate the dual contributions they might otherwise be paying to the Social Security systems of both the United States and another country. For persons who have worked both in the United States and abroad, and who are now retired, disabled, or deceased, the agreements often result in the payment of benefits to which the worker or the worker's family members would not otherwise have become entitled.
The agreements also favorably affect the profitability and competitive position of companies with foreign operations by reducing their cost of doing business abroad. Companies with personnel stationed abroad are encouraged to take advantage of these agreements to reduce their tax burden.
Anyone who would like more information about the United States' Social Security Totalization agreements program including details about specific agreements that are in force should write to:
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Board index ‹ Non-Regular Shows ‹ Gridstream News
This Week In Music History Week 1
Gridstream's Weekly news show featuring news topics: Music/Entertainment, Gaming, and Gridstream Specific. Hosted by Vallikat.
by Vallikat » Mon Aug 20, 2018 3:06 am
Hi there - Here are some of the music history and birthday stories for the week of August 20 - 26th. The source I used for this week is https://calendar.songfacts.com:
2016: Former 3 Doors Down guitarist Matt Roberts is found dead in a Wisconsin hotel room at age 38, presumably from an accidental overdose of prescription drugs.
2016: Tom Searle of the band Architects dies of skin cancer at age 28.
2012: Edgy alt band Green Day continues its hip appeal by partnering with the smash hit video game "Angry Birds." A special 10-level edition of the game, featuring Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt and Tre Cool as green pigs, is launched by video game maker Rovio and players can even unlock a new Green Day song from the tenth level of the game.
2011: Jazz singer Ross Barbour (of The Four Freshmen) dies of cancer in Simi Valley, California, at age 82.
2009: Keyboardist/bassist Larry Knechtel (of Bread) dies of a heart attack in Yakima, Washington, at age 69.
2005 On what would have been Phil Lynott's 56th birthday, a concert is held in Dublin featuring Thin Lizzy members Brian Downey, Scott Gorham and Brian Robertson. Eric Bell, the original lead guitarist with Thin Lizzy, and Gary Moore share the lead on the classic "Whiskey In The Jar."
1987: Lindsey Buckingham, who helped turn Fleetwood Mac into one of the biggest-selling groups of the '70s, leaves the group after refusing to tour behind its latest album, Tango In The Night.
1981: Thin Lizzy's Phil Lynott appears at Kingston Crown Court where he is fined £200 for possessing cocaine.
1979: Bob Dylan, a recent convert to Christianity, releases the faith-driven album Slow Train Coming.More
1977: The Voyager 2 space probe is launched, carrying with it a "Golden Record" of sounds and images representing Earth.More
1973: The Rolling Stones release "Angie."
1992: Demi Lovato is born in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
1979: Rod Stewart and his first wife, Alana Hamilton, have a baby girl. Kimberly Stewart grows up to become an actress and model.
1970: Nu-metal pioneer Fred Durst (frontman for Limp Bizkit) is born in Gastonia, North Carolina.
1952: Folk rocker John Hiatt is born in Indianapolis, Indiana.
1952: Country singer/guitarist Rudy Gatlin (of The Gatlin Brothers) is born in Olney, Texas.
1952: Doug Fieger (lead singer for The Knack) is born in Oak Park, Michigan.
1949: Bassist/vocalist Phil Lynott (of Thin Lizzy) is born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England.
1948: Robert Plant is born in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. Best known at Led Zeppelin's lead singer, he wins the Album of the Year Grammy for Raising Sand, his 2007 collaboration with Alison Krauss.
1947: Trombonist James Pankow (of Chicago) is born in St. Louis, Missouri.
1946: Ralf Hutter (lead singer, keyboardist for Kraftwerk) is born in Krefeld, Rhine Province, Germany.
1944: Blues drummer "Uncle John" Turner (of Johnny Winter's backing band) is born in Beaumont, Texas.
1944: Jon Povey (keyboardist for The Pretty Things) is born in London, England.
1942: Soul superstar Isaac Hayes is born in Covington, Tennessee.
1941: Space rock musician Dave Brock (of Hawkwind) is born in Isleworth, Middlesex, England.
1940: John Lantree (bass guitarist for The Honeycombs) is born in Newbury, Berkshire, England.
1935: Country singer/songwriter Justin Tubb is born in San Antonio, Texas, to Texas Troubadour Ernest Tubb.
1934: Country/rock musician "Sneaky" Pete Kleinow (of The Flying Burrito Brothers) is born in South Bend, Indiana.
1931: Paul Robi of The Platters is born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
1931: Jazz drummer Frank Capp is born in Worcester, Massachusetts.
1926: Jazz trombonist Frank Rosolino is born in Detroit, Michigan.
1924: Jazz vocalist Joya Sherrill is born in Bayonne, New Jersey. Known for "I'm Beginning to See the Light" with Duke Ellington's orchestra.
1923: Country singer Jim Reeves is born in Galloway, Texas. Known for the 1957 hit "Four Walls."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I felt very fortunate today for having met one of the most colourful birds that visit this park. This is my first encounter with the Red-crowned Barbet. The colours around its face resembles an artist palette. Striking red crown, blue throat, brilliant yellow at the cheek and a soft pastel green for its underparts and jungle green for its upper parts. It is a darling when I first saw it, a quiet bird that can remain still for a considerable length of time and did not produce any call. It is a medium-sized bird and came singly. Just the other day, it was the duller Brown Barbet that came by and got me overly excited. Both birds seemed to have a liking of the ripe black berries of the Eugenia oleina. Today's sighting caused me overwhelmed with joy, happiness and amazement at nature's beauty. Truly the park has attracted many unique Borneo birds which previously I could only see in books. Today's sighting I hope is a prelude to more surprises and amazement in this humble wildlife sanctuary.
The Many-coloured Barbet taking a rest and remaining still for minutes on the branch of the Eugenia oleina tree.


Here are highlights of pagan events in and near London for Beltane week. To see future events, click on the events link at the top of the page.
Bank Holiday Monday 25 April; The Magical Faerie Festival in Canterbury with stalls, workshops and entertainment (This is the last day of a three-day event but well worth going to). Special guest: Toyah Willcox. Venue: The Westgate Hall, Westgate Hall Road, Canterbury, Kent. For further information visit http://www.magicalfestivals.co.uk/ or phone 07845438340. The festival is organised by the publishers of The Magical Times magazine: http://www.themagicaltimes.co.uk/.
Tuesday 26 April; Meeting at London Earth Mysteries Circle. Admission is £4.50, concessions £4, members £3, concessions are £4. Talks are usually held on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month at 7.15PM at First Floor, 50 Gloucester Place, London W1U 8EA.
Wednesday, 27 April; Unveiling the Mystery of Divine Birth: Women's Greatest Shamanic Practice. Talk by American author Marguerite Rigoglioso. author of The Cult of Divine Birth in Ancient Greece and Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity. Optional, affordably priced meal at 7pm offered by the Women's Café followed by the talk at 8pm. Free event. Location: Dalston Boys Club, 68 Boleyn Road, Dalston, London N16 8JG. For more info, contact Caroline Smart on 07515505732. For more information on Marguerite Rigoglioso's work, visit http://cultofdivinebirth.com/.
Saturday, 30 April; Free and Open Gorsedd Beltaine Rite by the Free and Open Gorsedd of Caer Abiri at The Sun Circle, Avebury, Wilts, Avebury, United Kingdom. Druidic style open ceremony to welcome in summer - all faith paths welcome. Meet at the Red Lion pub from noon for ceremony from 1.30pm-3pm. Offerings of bread or cake, mead, poetry and song are welcome.
Saturday 30 April; The Circle of Ankwycke Beltane ritual. Location: Ankerwycke, near Staines. Time: 7.45pm for 8pm start. For more details and to reserve a place call 07733 554321.
Sunday 1 May; Anderida Gorsedd Imbolc open ritual at the Long Man of Wilmington, Sussex. Meet near the car park between 1.30pm and 2pm for a walk up to the chalk hill figure at 2pm. Afterwards back to the Giants Rest pub in Wilmington for a social drink together.
Sunday 1 May; Cauldron of Cerridwen Open Beltane Ritual. Open ritual to celebrate the Sabbat. Meet in the Golden Grove pub, Ruxbury Rd, St Annes Hill, Chertsey, at 8.30pm to travel to the ritual site. Bring food and drink to share, a torch and suitable clothing for an evening in the woods.
The photo at the top is by Sarah Crofts. It shows the Fowlers Troop and the Deptford Jack in the Green processing through the streets of London.


text:
Beqaa Valley
Title: Beqaa Valley
Subject: Agriculture in Lebanon, Qaraoun, Lake Qaraoun, Geography of Lebanon, Shia Islam in Lebanon
Qaraoun Lake in the Bekaa Valley
Aammiq wetlands
The Beqaa Valley (Arabic: وادي البقاع / ALA-LC: Wādī l-Biqā', Lebanese: [bʔaːʕ]; also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ or Becaa; Armenian: Բեքայի դաշտավայր) is a fertile valley in east Lebanon. It is Lebanon's most important farming region.[1] Industry also flourishes in Bekaa, especially that related to agriculture.
The Chtaura-Taalabaya-Saadnayel-Zahle urban area, the valley's largest
Majdal Anjar
The Beqaa is located about 30 km (19 mi) east of Beirut. The valley is situated between Mount Lebanon to the west and Anti-Lebanon Mountains to the east. It forms the northeasternmost extension of the Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to the Red Sea. Beqaa Valley is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) in length and has an average width of about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi). It has a Mediterranean climate of wet, often snowy winters and dry, warm summers. The region receives limited rainfall, particularly in the north, because Mount Lebanon creates a rain shadow that blocks precipitation coming from the sea. The northern section has an average annual rainfall of 230 millimetres (9.1 in)), compared to 610 millimetres (24 in) in the central valley. Two rivers originate in the valley: the Orontes (Asi), which flows north into Syria and Turkey, and the Litani, which flows south and then west to the Mediterranean Sea.
From the 1st century BC, when the region was part of the Roman Empire, the Beqaa Valley served as a source of grain for the Roman provinces of the Levant. Today the valley makes up 40 percent of Lebanon's arable land. The northern end of the valley, with its scarce rainfall and less fertile soils, is used primarily as grazing land by pastoral nomads, mostly migrants from the Syrian Desert. Farther south, more fertile soils support crops of wheat, corn, cotton, and vegetables, with vineyards and orchards centered on Zahlé. The valley also produces hashish and cultivates opium poppies, which are exported as part of the illegal drug trade. Since 1957 the Litani hydroelectricity project—a series of canals and a dam located at Lake Qaraoun in the southern end of the valley—has improved irrigation to farms in Beqaa Valley.
1 Districts and towns
3 Wines
4 Illicit drugs
Districts and towns
Zahle, the capital of the Bekaa Valley
Zahlé is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Beqaa Governorate. It lies just north of the main Beirut–Damascus highway, which bisects the valley. The majority of Zahle's residents are Lebanese Christian, including those who are Melkite Greek Catholic, Maronite Catholic, and members of the Greek Orthodox Christians. The town of Anjar, situated in the eastern part of the valley, has a predominately Armenian Lebanese population and is also famous for its 8th-century Arab ruins.
The majority of the inhabitants of the northern districts of Beqaa, Baalbeck and Hermel, are Lebanese Shia, with the exception of the town of Deir el Ahmar, whose inhabitants are Christians. The Baalbeck and Hermel districts have a Christian and Sunni minority, mainly situated further north along the border with Syria.
The western and southern districts of the valley also have a mixed population of Muslims, Christians and also Druze Lebanese. The town of Jib Janine with a population of about 9,000, is situated midway in the valley, and its population is Sunni. Jib Janine is the governmental center of the region known as Western Bekaa, with municipal services like the emergency medical services (Red Cross), a fire department, and a courthouse. Other towns in the Western Bekaa district are Machghara, Sabghine, Kamed al Lawz, Qab Elias, Sohmor, Yohmor. These towns are all a mix of different Lebanese religious confessions. Rachaiya al Wadi, east of the Western Bekaa district, is home to Lebanon's share of Mount Hermon and borders Syria also. The district's capital, also Rachaiya al Wadi (as not to confuse with Rachaiya al Foukhar in South Lebanon), is famous for its old renovated souk and what is known as the castle of independence, in which Lebanon's pre-independence leaders were held by French troops before being released in 1943. The southern section of the district is inhabited with Druze and Christian Lebanese, while the other northern section is mainly inhabited by Sunni Lebanese.
Due to wars and the unstable economic and political conditions Lebanon faced in the past, with difficulties some farmers still face today, many previous inhabitants of the valley left for coastal cities in Lebanon or emigrated from the country altogether, with the majority residing in the Americas or Australia.
Temple of Bacchus in Baalbek
The ancient Roman ruins of Baalbek, an ancient city named for the Canaanite god Baal. The Romans renamed Baalbek "Heliopolis" and built an impressive temple complex, including temples to Bacchus, Jupiter, Venus, and the Sun. Today, the ruins are the site of the Baalbeck International Festival, which attracts artists and performance groups from around the world.
The Umayyad ruins of Anjar
Our Lady of Bekaa, a Marian shrine located in Zahlé, with panoramic views of the valley.
Lebanon's tallest minaret, located in the town of Kherbet Rouha
The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bechouat
Pheonician Ruins, located in the village of Kamid al lawz
Roman Ruins, located in the town of Qab Elias
The Aammiq Wetland habitat for a myriad of migrating and resident birds and butterflies
The Pyramid tower of Hermel at the northern end of the valley
The famous Wadi Arayesh area of Zahle, consisting of beautiful open air restaurants, cafes and arcades located on the river side of the Berdaouni river, a stream linking to the Litani
The Beqaa Valley is home to Lebanon's famous vineyards and wineries. Wine making is a tradition that goes back 6000 years in Lebanon. With an average altitude of 1000 m above sea level, the valley's climate is very suitable to vineyards. Abundant winter rain and much sunshine in the summer helps the grapes ripen easily. There are more than a dozen wineries in the Beqaa Valley, producing over six million bottles a year.[1]
Château Musar[2]
Château Ksara[3]
Massaya[4]
Château Ka
Château Khoury
Château Marsyas
Château Qanafar
Clos Saint Thomas
Kroum Kefraya
Kabelias
Drugs have a long tradition in the Bekaa Valley, from the days of the Roman Empire until today cultivators and tribal drug lords working with militias built up a thriving cannabis trade. During the [5] of cannabis were limited to the extreme north of the valley, where government presence remains minimal. Every year since 2001 the Lebanese army plows cannabis fields in an effort to destroy the crops before harvest,[6] it is estimated that this action eliminates no more than 30% of overall crops. Although important during the civil war, opium cultivation has become marginal, dropping from an estimated 30 metric tonnes per year in 1983 to negligible amounts in 2004.
Due to increasing political unrest that weakened the central Lebanese government during 2006 Lebanon War and 2007 (Opposition boycott of the government) and due to the lack of viable alternatives (U.N. promises of irrigation projects and alternative crop subsidies that never materialised) drug cultivation and production have significantly increased,[7] but remain a fraction of civil war era production and limited north of the Town of Baalbek, where the rule of tribal law protecting armed families is still strong.
Kamid el-Loz
^ a b Global eye - Spring 2006 - Eye on Lebanon - The Bekaa Valley
^ "Chateau Musar". Chateau Musar. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ "chateauksara". chateauksara. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ "Lebanese wine". Massaya. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ CIA - The World Factbook - Lebanon
^ United Press International, Feb 26 2002 'Lebanon army destroys drugs'
^ Lebanese find troubles fertile ground for cannabis | Editor's Choice | Reuters
Beqaa Photo Gallery Ya Libnan
Valleys of Lebanon
Royal Family of Emesa
Visitor attractions in Lebanon
Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Israel
Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Middle East, Syria
Lebanon, Beirut, Brazil, Argentina, Canada
Syrian Civil War, Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia
Agriculture in Lebanon
Lebanon, Beqaa Valley, Economy of Lebanon, Geography of Lebanon, History of Lebanon
Qaraoun
Lebanon, Beqaa Valley, Rashaya District, Beirut, Saint Joseph University
Lake Qaraoun
Beqaa Valley, Lebanon, %s%s, Litani River, Beirut
Geography of Lebanon
Lebanon, Turkey, Lebanon Mountains, Anti-Lebanon Mountains, Mediterranean Sea
Shia Islam in Lebanon
Lebanon, Shia Islam, Ottoman Empire, Beqaa Valley, Druze in Lebanon


At the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, as a limited duration employee, performs one or more of a variety of tasks and assigned duties of a seasonal nature.
Works under the supervision of an employee of the same or higher grade.
IN THE FIELD: Collects samples of plants, insects or soils; applies treatments; may tend plots; may count insects or plants; plants, transplants, cuts or trims trees; maintains grounds, assists in the maintenance of farm plots; performs landscaping duties; performs related duties as required.
GENERAL: Loads and unloads supplies; drives a motor vehicle or other power equipment; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may be required.
Ability to follow instructions; laboratory and/or field experience.
b. College training in a specific field.
Incumbents in this class must possess and maintain adequate physical strength and stamina to perform the duties of the class.
Permanent status cannot be attained while working in this classification.
The approved salary range for is $10.10 to a maximum of $14.00 per hour.
The replaces the existing specification for the classes of Environmental Protection Seasonal Resource Assistant (CAES) in Salary Group VR 99 approved effective June 27, 2014. (Revised to modify content due to the separation of parenthetical job titles).


text:
Chapter Two: Nothing Sacred
Chapter Three: Pink Poison
Chapter Four: Bombay Highway
Chapter Five: Dressed To Kill
Chapter Six: Take The High Road
Chapter Seven: Carpe Threesome
If You Liked Lipstick Jungle
The Black Donnellys
Based on the best-selling book by Candace Bushnell ("Sex and the City"), this sexy drama follows three high-powered friends as they weather the ups and downs of lives lived at the top of their game. Movie exec Wendy (Brooke Shields, "Suddenly Susan") does everything she can to balance career and family. Nico (Kim Raver, "24"), editor-in-chief of a hot fashion magazine, has her eye on becoming CEO. And free-spirited designer Victory (Lindsay Price, "Beverly Hills, 90210") longs to make her dreams come true -- and maybe find "Mr. Right" along the way. Armed with humor and strength, these three modern New York women support one another through the triumphs and tears that are all part of making it big in the Big Apple. Also starring are Andrew McCarthy ("Joy Luck Club"), David Noroña ("Frasier") Paul Blackthorne ("Big Shots") and Robert Buckley ("Fashion House") The series is executive produced by Oliver Goldstick ("Ugly Betty"), Timothy Busfield ("The West Wing") and Bushnell. Based on the book by Bushnell, "Lipstick Jungle" is from Universal Media Studios.


text:
Home Lulu and Rocky Visit the North Point Lighthouse
Lulu and Rocky Visit the North Point Lighthouse
Nov. 11, 2018 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.
North Point Lighthouse and Museum 2650 N. Wahl Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
Stop by the North Point Lighthouse Museum, Sunday, Nov. 11 from 1-3 pm and meet the author and illustrator of Lulu and Rocky's latest book about their trip to Milwaukee where they make a stop at the lighthouse and climb the tower. Books for signing will be available for purchase in our gift shop. (Museum Admission Required)
From the best-selling author of Mama, Do You Love Me? comes a new series — Our City Adventures —and the first stop is Milwaukee, Wisconsin! Join cousins Lulu and Rocky as they dart across this mid-western metropolis on a surrey bike, indulge on fried cheese curds, bask in the glory of the Pfister Hotel, test out a Harley-Davidson, and more! With a city like Milwaukee, there's so much to explore!
Written by Barbara Joosse and illustrated by Renée Graef, this is the first book in the Our City Adventures series. The perfect story for those who hold Milwaukee near and dear to their heart, as well as first-time visitors who want tips on what to explore! This book combines the classic sites of Milwaukee with modern-day slang and technology — a great read for any age!
Location North Point Lighthouse and Museum 2650 N. Wahl Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
Event Type Kids & Family, Museums & Tours
Email please enable javascript to view
Date & Time Nov. 11, 2018 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.
Today in Milwaukee


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Home > Womens Sports > Mountaineers Rank No. 24 on Floor Exercise
Mountaineers Rank No. 24 on Floor Exercise
WVU Gymnastics
by Ashley O'Brien - March 16, 2021 March 16, 2021 0335
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. (March 16, 2021) – The West Virginia University gymnastics team ranks No. 24 on floor exercise in this week's Road to Nationals Rankings.
The Mountaineers' (2-7, 0-6 Big 12) ranking is based on their 49.225 National Qualifying Score (NQS). This week's rankings are the third of the season based on NQS. Due to the limited number of meets for some teams in 2021, an NQS is calculated by taking a team's top four scores instead of six. The top four scores, two of which must be from road meets, will be averaged and no score will be dropped.
West Virginia, who has ranked inside the top 25 on floor every week this season, registered a season-high total of 49.3 against its regional rival Pitt on March 5. Of note, the squad has posted a 49.0 or higher in all but two meets this season.
Individually, junior Kendra Combs is the lone Mountaineer to rank inside the top 65 in all four events. She is tied at No. 65 on floor with an NQS of 9.888.
Regionally, the Mountaineers rank No. 6 in the Southeast for the second straight week with a 195.688 NQS. The team sits at No. 3 on floor and is No. 5 on balance beam (49.088 NQS). WVU also checks in at No. 7 on vault (48.825 NQS) and on the uneven bars (48.856 NQS).
Five Mountaineers are regionally ranked in the top 25 of the floor and beam rankings.
Combs paces the team at No. 7 on floor, while sophomore Abbie Pierson and freshman Kiana Lewis are tied at No. 17 with an NQS of 9.863. Sophomore Emily Holmes-Hackerd comes in at No. 23 (9.856 NQS), followed by senior McKenna Linnen at No. 25 (9.844 NQS).
On beam, freshman Chloe Asper leads WVU and ranks No. 15 with an NQS of 9.838. Linnen is tied at No. 16 (9.831 NQS), and Pierson is tied at No. 22 (9.819 NQS). Junior Rachel Hornung comes in at No. 24 with an NQS of 9.813, followed by Holmes-Hackerd, who is tied at No. 25 with an NQS of 9.8.
Additionally, Lewis is tied at No. 18 on vault (9.838 NQS), and junior Esperanza Abarca ranks No. 22 on bars (9.825 NQS).
The Mountaineers rank No. 4 overall in the Big 12 Conference. WVU ranks as high as No. 3 on floor and is No. 4 on vault, bars and beam. Individually, Combs sits at No. 10 on floor.
Press Release Courtesy of West Virginia University Athletics Communications
Ashley O'Brien
http://bluegoldsports.com
Strong third inning powers WVU baseball to 7-1 win over Morehead State
Mountaineers Return Home to Host BGSU
With Derek Culver Gone, Mountaineers Can't Make Same Mistake From Last Season
April 29, 2021 April 29, 2021 01440
Darius Stills Named to Lott IMPACT Trophy Watch List
June 5, 2020 June 5, 2020 01080


text:
Category is... A History Of Ballroom
WORDS: NICK GORDON BROWN
The flamboyant ballroom scene, born in New York but now an international phenomenon, has been hugely influential in clubland's development, but its story has often flown below the radar. The dance with which it is inextricably linked, voguing, briefly hit the spotlight thanks to Madonna, and more recently has heavily influenced the likes of Beyoncé and FKA Twigs, but again its cultural importance has frequently been overlooked. Conceived, lived and breathed almost exclusively by black and Latin members of the LGBTQ community, it has literally proved a lifeline for some of society's most marginalised individuals.
"Ballroom life is not about what you could be in real life, but how you transcend what you couldn't be in real life" (Kiddy Smile in Madison Moore's 'Fabulous', 2018).
The Balls
Central to the scene – the balls themselves, extravagant affairs that are a direct response to the marginalisation of their attendees, an MC and DJ create a space in which competitors take centre stage, "a beautiful escape, a way to dance away the pain and oppression" (Kevin Omni Burris in Huffington Post, 2017).
"Balls are part of a broader history of black queer performance and spectacle that stretches back at least to the early days of the 20th century," Madison Moore, authority on gender and sexuality, told the Guardian in April 2019. "The Hamilton Lodge Ball, the so-called Faggots Ball of the early 1900s where up to 1,500 spectators came to see the best black queer performers, drag queens, female and male impersonators." However, it would still be decades until the scene was to build on these foundations and create a distinct community. As Tommy LaBeija, iconic member of the long running House of LaBeija, told Chantal Regnault in April 2011, for her seminal book documenting the scene, 'Voguing and the House Ballroom Scene of New York City 1989-92' (Soul Jazz books)*, "you had a certain amount of gay liberation in the 1960s, but for the femme queens, it felt like they were left in their own world. The ball culture brought that out, for them to be more accepted... once you come into the ballroom scene you build up a confidence that no one can penetrate."
"Many of those who pioneered the scene came into prominence during (the 80s)", explained fellow LaBeija member and 'house mother' Kia, speaking to the Guardian in June 2018. "Voguing really begins to start its journey into the limelight in a very visceral way at the end of the 80s, but there was also an eminent sense of loss, as our community was heavily impacted by the Aids crisis." This only helped add to the feeling of "beautiful escape" that Kevin Omni referred to. As Dominique Jackson, the trans actor who plays the indomitable Elektra Abundance in Pose, told the Guardian in April 2019: "The first time I went to a ball was phenomenal, I was like a kid at an amusement park. I saw people just like me. I saw joy. I just kept winning, until February of 2016 they named me 'iconic'."
Music #1 – the original classics
"'Love Is The Message' by MFSB was the theme song. The jazz breaks fluctuated so much that you could find a lot of moves to do off that song. Other voguing anthems included 'Ooh I Love It (Love Break)' by the Salsoul Orchestra," says voguer Muhammad Omni (House of Omni). *
"In 1985, the categories were pretty much basic. You had realness for the boys, looking very muscular in that way… and then you had realness for the femme queens," adds Robbie Saint Laurent, father of House of Saint Laurent*. Cheryl Lynn's 'Got To Be Real' inevitably became the song of choice for dancers.
The Houses
Xtravaganza, Omni, Ninja, LaBeija were amongst the exotic names of the 'houses' fronting the community's efforts to help many LGBTQ youths deal with rejection by their biological parents. The houses acted as surrogate families, each with a 'house mother' presiding over proceedings.
"When someone has rejection from their family, when they get out in the world, they search for someone to fill that void, I know this from experience because I've had kids come to me and latch hold to me like I'm their mother or father because they can talk to me," Pepper LaBeija told 1991 film documentary Paris Is Burning. Over 20 years later, her thoughts were echoed by ballroom commentator Precious Ebony, in Viceland TV's 'My House'. "Some people are lost. People who feel like they don't have a place in the regular world, they come to ballroom. Besides the culture of voguing, ballroom is a place that is actually a family. Balls happen, people come just to get a hot meal, to get tested for free, to know that they're not alone."
Voguing
Exactly how and when voguing began is the subject of much debate. David DePino, DJ at Paradise Garage and Tracks, and member of House of Xtravaganza, told Mixmag (October 2018), "Paris (Dupree) had a Vogue magazine in her bag, and while she was dancing she took it out, opened it up to a page where a model was posing and then stopped in that pose on the beat. Then she turned to the next page and stopped in the new pose, again on the beat. Then another queen came up and did another pose in front of Paris, and then Paris went in front of her and did another pose. This was all shade… and it soon caught on at the balls." Tommy LaBeija, meanwhile, claims: "Voguing came out of Peppa (LaBeija)'s involvement in haute couture. You had to be more like a model to walk, so Peppa used to do a lot of runway poses… the kids used to mimic this and it kind of turned into a dance. The younger kids turned that into dipping and flipping and other stuff."* Few would dispute that Madonna latching onto the dance placed it firmly in the public consciousness, but as Hector Xtravaganza points out, other mainstream artists had dipped a toe into it, only to leave Madonna a clear run. "The first time voguing was shown in a video was for a Jody Watley video with Tyrone Proctor. Then Janet Jackson also featured voguing. But she didn't run with it, and that's when Madonna decided to run with it after she saw House Of Xtravaganza voguing at the Paradise Garage."*
Music #2 – from underground to the top of the charts in 3 tracks
Conceived by downtown DJs and ballroom associates David DePino and Johnny Dynell, with vocals from David Ian Xtravaganza, 'Elements of Vogue' is the first vogue record.
"In 1989 I went to Paris to vogue with Willie Ninja for a show for the fashion designer Thierry Mugler… that was also how I met Malcolm McLaren and performed in the first vogue pop video, 'Deep In Vogue'," says voguer and designer Adrian Magnifique.*
If McLaren was very much a cultural tourist, vogue following on from his forays into both punk and hip hop, his dance chart hit was mostly seen as an uplift to the scene. When, in 1990, the biggest pop star on the planet took voguing to number one in 30 countries, opinion would be more divided, as it was when director Jennie Livingston put cameras on the ballroom scene for her documentary Paris Is Burning.
Cultural Appreciation vs Cultural Appropriation
"Most people associate Madonna with voguing faster than they do ball culture... this illustrates the heart of the issue with appropriation: it occurs on an uneven playing field where white, cisgender, heterosexual people are more likely to receive credit for something they didn't create. That, in sum, is the definition of appropriation… the first step in avoiding it is to be mindful of sharing the language or the customs of a group whose work you appreciate. Do your research. Become an ethical, conscious consumer of culture, aware of how stealing what marginalised people created can hurt them"(John Paul Brammer, oprahmag.com, 2018).
"When the whole culture of the ball came downtown, and the film Paris Is Burning happened, then the whole Madonna thing, the House of Xtravaganza got the most media exposure. It was one of the bravest things Xtravaganza did,"* says Hector Xtravaganza, a House of Xtravaganza mainstay for some four decades and consultant on Pose prior to his untimely death in December 2018. Fellow house member Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza takes up the Madonna story (Mixmag Oct 18): "I was introduced to her by a mutual friend, Debi Mazar, at the Sound Factory… she asked me and Luis [Camacho] to vogue for her on the spot, so we did. She loved it and asked us to sit with her to advise her who else in the club was good. She said she was doing this video that she wanted us to be in and maybe a tour as well, so invited us to the auditions, where seven of us were chosen from five thousand. Then she asked us to choreograph the video and to teach her how to vogue." The debate as to whether Madonna helped or hindered the ballroom community still rages - Angelica Ross, Candy Ferocity in Pose, summed up the contrasting feelings: "With 'Vogue,' Madonna showed us appreciation but I don't think she understood how we could take the next step for the community. She included people from the community like the Xtravaganzas, and she did change lives. But I feel like there were maybe missed opportunities and that Madonna could have done more. It was a fleeting moment in pop culture and I wish she had worked with the ballroom community to make it last longer" (Hollywood Reporter, June 2019).
Paris Is Burning was the first widely publicised project to document the ballroom scene. Director Jennie Livingstone, though gay herself, was seen by some as an educated white woman exploiting this self-governing community. This feeling heightened when the film became a surprise success, with many of the participants feeling they didn't reap enough of the attendant rewards. Livingstone defended herself against the charge when speaking with the Guardian in June 2015: "I didn't go to film school, I don't have a film education, and I never suggested that I did. I took one summer class, and I shot that one ball which is not in the finished film. I never said 'Babe, I'm gonna make you a star.' I went in and said, 'I'm interested, will you talk to me?' I honestly, to this day, do not believe that anybody who signed those release forms was incapable of understanding what it meant." Contemporary ballroom performer Jamel Prodigy (AKA Derek Auguste), speaking in the same feature, takes issue less with the accusations of appropriation, but more with what he sees as the film's underlying mood: "Jennie's film ended with a sad undertone, and I think our message is much more powerful than the impression that she left. We are an inspirational, creative and resilient community… it's time to show that we have prevailed. It's time to show that it's not a sad story."
Music #3 – tailor made for ballroom
The 1990s saw house records tailor made for the ballroom scene, extending its reach into clubland. Key players included Sound Factory DJ Junior Vasquez (including under his pseudonym Ellis D); and Robbie Tronco.
Perhaps more surprisingly, but most influentially, when Masters At Work revealed their rare left field style with 'The Ha Dance', it became an enduring ballroom anthem, even spawning myriad new voguing moves and cover versions / spin offs.
'The Ha Dance' has definite echoes of 1980s alternative dance hit 'Din Daa Daa' by George Kranz, a ballroom staple.
Ballroom in the 21st Century
"Before it was contained, New York was the mecca, there were a maximum of five balls each year. Now every house has a chapter in every state and every chapter has a mother and a father… and then the overall mother of the whole house. It's hard to control. It's now three cultures in one. Old school kids – legends and icons – the new school kids who are trying to break through in the mainstream, and then the Kikis, who are having their own little ballroom thing and running it much better than the houses in the major ballroom community" (Tommy LaBeija).*
Ballroom-specific tunes are still made, but as arguably the scene's leading contemporary DJ and producer MikeQ states, many miss the target, and reflect wider issues which are commonplace when those with limited knowledge of ballroom history attempt to replicate its magic: "A lot of producers who don't know anything about the scene are starting to make the 'ballroom sound' – they're completely not making ballroom music, but you can tell that's what they're going for. You have all of these people who are starting their own balls in different countries and states – which is cool – but they don't know anybody who is a long-time scene presence… I saw a clip of a ball in Russia. They were voguing but the music was wrong, the MC-ing was wrong, and everybody was sitting around watching quietly. That's not how ballroom is" (The Guardian, June 2015). However, there are many positives in the ongoing globalisation of ballroom, as DJ, producer and Defected artist Kiddy Smile (House of Mizrahi) told the BBC in August 2018: "In London, there's a growing ballroom culture, and in Amsterdam, Berlin, Madrid… Paris is definitely one of the most vibrant areas – mostly because it started at the heart of the community, as a place where LGBT people of colour could unite".
Music #4 – house gets fierce
Increasingly, ballroom tracks eulogise the culture in an ever more upfront way. The celebrated video for Kiddy Smile's 'Let A B!tch Know' was filmed in the heart of the Parisian 'banlieu' where Kiddy grew up. "During the filming, we got attacked, people threw stuff at us. Even afterwards there were threats and harassment towards people from the filming crew" (Mixmag, January 2020).
'Cunty' is used as a term of praise amongst vogue femme queens, indicating a fierce femininity. Ballroom legend Kevin Aviance caught the mood on vinyl.
Arguably the most prolific, dedicated producer of ballroom-specific tracks is New Jersey's MikeQ – here he teams up with scene face Kevin JZ Prodigy. Definite 'Ha Dance' / 'Din Daa Daa' influences.
Infiltrating the mainstream – and still fighting appropriation
With the 'Kiki' documentary film (2016), often dubbed the unofficial follow up to Paris Is Burning, and TV shows such as Viceland TV's reality series 'My House' (2018), and perhaps most notably, FX's glossy Ryan Murphy produced drama 'Pose' (2018-19), the spotlight has been firmly back on the ballroom scene - the appreciation vs appropriation debate remains both relevant and ever more nuanced. HBO has just hit the headlines regarding its forthcoming ballroom show Legendary, where 'made for TV' houses will compete in voguing competitions. In MikeQ, Leiomy Maldonado and Dashaun Wesley, the show has three leads with roots deep in the ballroom community. However, the choice of Jameela Jamil has plunged the show into controversy months before it hits the air. In the backlash, Jamil came out as queer – but as high profile house mother Trace Lysette (who had auditioned for the show) responded: "Being queer does not make you ballroom. Being any number of marginalised identities does not make you ballroom. The only thing that makes you ballroom is if you are actually from it. And most of us who are from it, sought it out when we had no one else" (Daily Beast, February 2020).
Madison Moore, in his fascinating book 'Fabulous' (Yale University Press, 2018), is blunt in his assessment of the mainstream's occasional dabbling with ballroom: "Media outlets, always on the hunt for the latest trend, regularly suggest that voguing is "back"... the irony being, in fact, that voguing has not gone anywhere or been out of vogue since it was originally created in the 1980s in New York by a group of disenfranchised black and Latino queer youths. The only thing that changes, actually, is the singer, artist, journalist or media outlet choosing to pay attention to it at the time." LGBTQ reporter Mary Emily O'Hara, writing for dailydot.com, takes a similar view when pointing out how ballroom terminology has slipped into widespread everyday use: "If you've ever used words like 'fierce' or 'shady' or commented 'yassss queen' or 'work' on a cute Instagram pic, you've been speaking the language of the ball scene – likely, without ever realising where it came from."
Elyssa Goodman, writing for them.us in April 2018, found both positives and negatives when analysing the appropriation controversy: "'Wonder Woman of Vogue' Leiomy Maldonado… began appearing in music videos like Icona Pop's 'All Night' and Willow Smith's 'Whip My Hair' doing her signature 'Leiomy Lolly' hair flip. It's a move that later inspired Beyoncé and Britney Spears, despite the lack of credit given to Maldonado for the move. Last year, Nike chose to highlight Maldonado in their #BeTrue campaign, acknowledging her own athleticism and talent, as well as that required for voguing."
The ballroom community fully expect their scene to drop out of the limelight once again, but they are prepared for that eventuality, and as Madison Moore opined: "Pose is a phenomenal breakthrough, but once the media stops paying attention, ballroom culture will still be popping. It's not about Madonna, it's about Kiddy Smile, the French pop star and runway diva. Voguing is about Sinia, the Icon Jack Mizrahi, Vjuan Allure and Mike Q, Lasseindra Ninja and Leiomy, the DJ and vocalist Shaun J Wright, Mother Steffie Mizrahi, Jay Jay Revlon and all the queer and trans people who push the culture forward" (The Guardian, April 2019).
In Our House We Are All Equal
"I'm still gagged every time I think about the fact that this story is being told…Visibility is essential for growth and understanding and love because you can't love something you don't understand. And the only way this world is going to get fixed is if we figure out how to love each other through our differences" (Billy Porter in The Guardian, 2019).
"The voguing and femme queens revived the club scene. Before it was gay clubs and straight clubs. Now we all party together. I think the ballroom community shaped the mainstream today" (Tommy LaBeija in 'VHB-NYC 1989-92', 2011).
"The fact that beauty and greatness comes from suffering. The fact that a community can be rejected, oppressed but you can never stop them to be. The fact that the definition of family goes beyond bloodline. The confidence. And how out of nothing they made magic and influenced generations… Glitterbox and voguing are really strong on their own and carry a very positive message. Glitterbox got introduced to voguing by Kiddy Smile and also through some of our male dancers. Slowly but surely Glitterbox is getting inspired and is celebrating this culture. I see it as a collaboration. Two movements who collide" (Glitterbox performer The Mx Fit, on the inspiration for Glitterbox's ballroom collaboration at Printworks on 7th March).
Check out a ballroom mix from MikeQ here: https://soundcloud.com/search?q=djmikeq
*All asterisked quotes taken from Chantal Regnault's essential book, 'Voguing and the House Ballroom Scene of New York City 1989-92' (Soul Jazz books)


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Around 1.2 million women aged 50-69 years of age (56.2% of all women in this age group) took advantage of free mammograms in 2004-2005 through the BreastScreen Australia Program, according to the ninth national monitoring report on the Program released recently by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).
In the meantime, death rates from breast cancer continued to fall, from 30 per 100,000 women in 1990 to around 23 per 100,000 in 2005.
The decline has been even greater in the Program's target age group of 50-69 years, with the death rate falling from 69 per 100,000 women in 1990 to 52 per 100,000 in 2005.
The BreastScreen Australia monitoring report 2004-2005 shows that, although participation was just 56% in 2004-2005, once women commence screening, they tend to do so regularly. In 2004-2005 70% of women who were screened initially returned two years later for a second screen, and 81% of these returned for further screens.
More than half of the 3,680 invasive breast cancers detected by the Screening Program in 2005 were small diameter cancers.
There were also 925 cases detected in 2005 of the pre-invasive condition, ductal carcinoma in situ. This condition involves changes in the cells lining the breast ducts, which may then develop into invasive breast cancer if left untreated.
'Regular screening to detect breast cancers while they are small is particularly important because there is a very high chance of successful treatment when the cancer is at an early stage,' Sturrock said.
In total, 12,126 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in Australia in 2004.
Death rates from breast cancer continue to fall, with 2,719 deaths in 2005.
The BreastScreen Australia Program is a joint initiative of the Australian, and state and territory governments.
The invasive breast cancers detected by this program account for almost one third of the total number of new cases diagnosed in Australia.


text:
From Big Bang to Big Chill, physicist Brian Greene contemplates the beginning (and end) of everything
You might think it's depressing to contemplate the view that the universe is likely to end in everlasting darkness — but that's not how physicist Brian Greene rolls. "I am quite upbeat about the end of everything," he insists. Greene lays out what scientists have learned about the grand sweep of cosmic evolution, and its implications for phenomena ranging from the origin of life to consciousness and free will, in a new book titled "Until the End of Time." This latest work follows up on books dealing with topics ranging from string theory to parallel universes — and in its way,… Read More
Read the whole article at Yahoo!
'They are starting to get more and more desperate': Greta Thunberg responds to a Canadian oil company accused of creating a vulgar cartoon depicting her in a non-consensual sex act
X-Site Energy Services has denied creating the vulgar sticker that shows 17-year-old Thunberg...
How to stockpile healthy and nutritious food for a 14-day quarantine as coronavirus spreads across the US
Health officials have suggested there may be quarantines in the US as the coronavirus spreads. Here...
Coronavirus patients with heart disease have a 10% chance of dying. Here's the mortality rate for patients with various underlying health problems.
Coronavirus patients who have preexisting health problems are more likely to die from the virus, a...


As Marquette and Joliet proceeded down the river they passed the mouth of the Missouri, which at that time was probably subject to a great flood. When considerably below the mouth of the Kaskaskia River they came to a very noted object at least the Indians had many stories about it. This is what is known today as the Grand Tower. This great rock in the Mississippi causes a great commotion in the water of the river and probably was destructive of canoes in those days. On they went down the river past the mouth of the Ohio, into the region of semi-tropical sun and vegetation. The cane-brakes lined the banks, and the mosquitoes became plentiful and very annoying. Here also, probably in the region of Memphis, they stopped and held councils with the Indians. They found the Indians using guns, axes, hoes, knives, beads, etc., and when questioned as to where they got these articles, they said to the eastward. These Indians told the travelers that it was not more than ten days' travel to the mouth of the river. They proceeded on down the river till they reached Choctaw Bend, in latitude 33 degrees and 40 minutes. Here they stopped, held a conference, and decided to go no further.
Tonti was displaced as commander at Fort St. Louis and ordered to Quebec. La Salle not only secured a fleet for the trip to the mouth of the Mississippi, but also had Tonti restored to command at Fort St. Louis. La Salle sailed to the Gulf in the spring of 1685. He failed to find the mouth of the river and landed in what is now Texas. After hardships and discouragement almost beyond belief, he was murdered by some of his own men the latter part of March, 1687.


I think this is really missing it's point. The typography is not at all classy, and the box looks really plastic. This looks more like low-budget bottled water to me. But most of all, I don't see their message here. The hint to the cross in the Swedish flag – which is yellow – does not at all get through. The name is very strange; I'm Swedish and I've never heard of "blidfrukt", which doesn't tasty at all, and not poetic either.
"In contrast with the rough landscape" is sort of fun. To me it looks more in line with the sea, which by the way would have been a natural connection.
Sorry, except for the blue bottle, this one goes down.
I am also swedish, and I've never heard of anything called "blidfrukt", I suppose it's a word fabricated ad hoc. But yeah, I suppose it's kind of poetic.


text:
Barbara Francis
Barbara is business manager and advertising director for Baptist News Global. She is based in Richmond, Va.
Baptist News Global provides a free listing of ministry-related jobs for Baptist churches, theological institutions and organizations across the United States.
Recent church staff changes, anniversaries, ordinations and deaths within the moderate and progressive Baptist network.
Please submit transitions — including staff changes, ordinations, anniversaries or deaths — to Barbara Francis. This page will be updated weekly. STAFF CHANGES Monty Bennett, concluding his tenure as music director/organist for Park Road Baptist Church, Charlotte, N.C., effective July…
Baptist News Global provides a free listing of ministry-related jobs for Baptist churches, theological institutions and organizations across the United States. Each free posting is for 30 days and is limited to 150 words. Postings may be extended another 30…
Please submit transitions — including staff changes, ordinations, anniversaries or deaths — to Barbara Francis. This page will be updated weekly. STAFF CHANGES Nikki Byers, to First Baptist Church, Winston-Salem, N.C., as interim minister for missions. Michael Danishek, concluding his…
Please submit transitions — including staff changes, ordinations, anniversaries or deaths — to Barbara Francis. This page will be updated weekly. STAFF CHANGES Dennis Barton, to Oakland Baptist Church, Gum Spring, Va., as interim pastor. Claire and Zach Helton, to…


"This is an update (last modified: 2009-12-04) of the water mite chapter published by K.O.Viets (1978) in Limnofauna Europaea. Some taxa which are obviously or probably synonyms are included (see taxonomic remarks at the end of the line). Taxonomic remarks are given as often as they appeared necessary, but further comments will prove to be necessary in future."
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SUMMARY: That would be Ontario, California, not the other one.
I finally started having a little more energy by late Saturday afternoon, but really in terms of any ounce of extra energy for, say, typing up a blog entry, or driving down the block to the starbucks to post it--fagettaboutit.
Tika had a decent run in the Grand Prix semifinals except had faults and her time would never have made the cutoff into the finals anyway. But I wasn't unhappy with the run.
Tika's team ended up 88 out of 176 team, so--yes!--we were in the top 50%. Boost's team ended up something like 153, so--yes!--we were not last.
The most exciting part was that my traveling companion, Dogg, made it to both the Grand Prix finals and the team finals. Lots of our friends, classmates, and fellow Bay Teamers were in all the assorted finals, as well, so it made for a very personal interest in all the goings-on. Spent today watching the assorted finals, made a quick pass through the vendors for the first time (had no energy earlier in the week), packed everything up, and headed west.
Decided to spend the night in a nice hotel with plenty of space for 2 people and 3 dogs. We'll be on the road again in the morning. I have stories to tell and billions of photos, most of which I never had the energy to look at, and we'll see how long it takes me to get through any of them.
I see that a lot of people posted comments on earlier blog entries; haven't had time to look at them this evening and I'm ready for sleeeeeeeeep. Maybe I'll get a chance before I get on the road in the morning. Or maybe now.


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text:
Celine Dion to headline British Summer Time festival
Celine Dion will play her only European date of 2019 at Barclaycard presents British Summer Time Hyde Park in July 2019.
The Canadian singer, best known for her hit My Heart Will Go On, the theme song from movie Titanic, will join this year's stellar lineup which includes Florence + The Machine, Robbie Williams, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young at the event held at London's Hyde Park.
Celine's performance will take place on 5 July, with support acts still to be announced.
"It's my first time doing a show in beautiful Hyde Park. I'm so excited," the Grammy-award winning artist said in statement. "I love London, and it's a great honour for me to be part of the Barclaycard presents BST Hyde Park concerts. I can't wait… summertime in London, here we come!"
In a video to fans, Celine added she's looking forward to sampling some "bangers and mash" – a famous English dish of sausages and mashed potato – and "sticky toffee pudding" when she comes to London.
Celine, whose hits include The Power Of Love and Because You Loved Me, will arrive in London a month after she finishes her second Las Vegas residency, A New Day, at the iconic Caesars Palace hotel – which set a new record as the highest-grossing concert residency ever, with ticket sales of $387 million (£300 million).
"Celine's record-breaking career has seen her perform her many iconic songs on the globe's most iconic stages, yet never before in Hyde Park," said James King, senior vice president of AEG Presents. "It is therefore with the utmost excitement that we are bringing Celine Dion to Hyde Park for her only European show of 2019."
Celine follows in the footsteps of musical legends, Carole King, Stevie Wonder, and The Rolling Stones, who have all graced the Great Oak stage.
Tickets go on special fan pre-sale on 23 January at 9am and on general sale on 29 January.
Source: http://www.music-news.com/news/UK/118676/Celine-Dion-to-headline-British-Summer-Time-festival


text:
Charter Act of 1833 or Saint Helena Act of 1833
July 13, 2021 by Sunidhi Singh
Provisions of The Charter Act of 1833
Changes in the 'Home Government'
Centralisation in the Administration
Financial Centralisation
System of Merit
Drawbacks of the Act
Charter act of 1833 also called as Saint Helena act of 1833 or Government of India Act 1833. This act was passed by the British parliament to increase the tenure of the East India company by 20 years as commercial and administrative privileges granted to the company by the act of 1813 were coming to an end in 1833.
When the charter act of 1833 was passed it was the period of the industrial revolution in England. Laissez-faire had become the cardinal principle of economic policy in British. The economists were starving hard to free trade from all the restrictions.
During the formation of the charter act of 1833, a strong section of the parliament was of the view of the transfer of the company's government in India to the British crown.
The bill was introduced in the parliament when the Whig party was in power and the parliament was in a mood to favor reforms, free trade, and codification of laws.
Macaulay however, pleaded for the retention of the company as an organ of the government. He propounded that "the House of Commons has neither the necessary time to settle the Indian matters nor has the necessary knowledge, nor it has the necessary will to acquire the knowledge".
At last, everyone agreed with the view of Macaulay. Finally, the Charter Act of 1833 was passed.
All the commercial Privileges of the company were abolished. This means the company could no longer enjoy its monopoly of China trade. It now has to act as governmental power to run the Indian administration as an agent of the British crown
The company was allowed to retain its territorial possessions as trustee for " His Majesty, his hires and successors".
All the restrictions imposed on the entry of Europeans and British which were granted under the charter act of 1813 were abolished and they could now freely acquire, hold or dispose of any property in India. They could now enjoy the freedom of travel and residence in India.
Governor-General of Bengal was made the Governor-General of India. William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of British India.
All the civil and military affairs were vested in the Governor-General in-council
The act for the first time provided for the appointment of 4th member in the Governor-General in council.
The fourth member entirely had the subject of legislation.
He had no power to sit or vote in council except for the purpose of making law.
Macaulay was appointed as the 4th member of Governor-General in the council of British India.
The legislative power of British India wholly vested in the Governor-General in council
The legislative powers of the presidency councils were curtailed. They could no longer make laws for their presidencies
The Governor-General in council could repeal, amend and alter any laws or regulations enforced in British India
If there is a dispute on any matter in the Governor-General counsels then the decision of the Governor-General will prevail and he can reject the majority decision
The act contained a provision that emphasized the creation of the presidency of Agra and Fort William by the division of the Bengal presidency but this provision never came into existence.
This act also provides for the centralisation of financial resources. The presidency governments could no longer raise revenues and incur expenditure only with the authority of the Government of India. The Governor-General's council took over all the financial matters including the raising of revenues and expenditure.
Section 53 of the charter act of 1833 provided for the appointment of a Commission known as "Law Commission", solely for the purpose of codification and consolidation of the Indian law.
The first Law Commission was appointed in 1834 under the chairmanship of Lord Macaulay, the other three members were J.M. Madeoa, G.W. Anderson, and C.H. Cameron who represented the presidencies of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay respectively.
The draft of the Penal Code was submitted by the Law Commission to the government in 1837 it was also called as "Macaulay Code" however the draft could not be enacted as the law until 1860.
The act provided for the free participation of Indians in the administration of the country without any restrictions as to religion, color, caste, and creed. The only criteria for the selection will be on the basis of merit.
The act also provided for the diminution of slavery. existing in British India.
The British parliament abolished slavery in Britain in 1833.
The act of 1833 increased the number of Bishopries to three and made the Bishop of Calcutta the Metropolitan Bishop of India.
The over-centralisation burdened the work of the government-in-council to such an extent that he could not devote time and attention to broad questions of principles or matters of public importance.
There was no representative from the presidencies in the supreme council. Therefore the government was not able to meet after needs, urgency, and requirements of the local government. This eventually led to dissatisfaction among the presidencies and they were indifferent towards the laws and measures introduced by the Supreme Council.
As the central government was established at Calcutta, it was difficult for the Governor General-in-council to exercise effective control over distant presidencies, particularly because of the lack of adequate means of communication at that time.
The power tested in the single authority i.e Governor-General, as a result, he became very powerful and at time acted as an autocrat.
The Charter Act of 1833 was undoubtedly the most important measure enacted by the Parliament during the 19th century. This act paved the way for the unification of British India and the establishment of a strong central government in this country. For the first time in the history of British India, this act provided for the codification of the laws and also set aside the narrow consideration of disqualification in the administration of the country. This act allowed the natives of India to freely participate in the administration of the county without any restrictions as to descent, color caste, creed, etc.
Author: Sunidhi Singh,
Amity University, Madhya Pradesh 2nd year, Student
Categories legal history, Law notes Post navigation
Actionable claim under Transfer of Property Act
Procedure of the Meetings and Proceedings of the Company
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Awesome stuff 👍


Just one month before America's favorite food holiday, the woman who created one of its most signature dishes has passed away. Dorcas Reilly, former manager of Campbell's Kitchens and inventor of the green bean casserole, died October 15 in Camden, New Jersey, at the age of 92. In her honor, here are four of the Internet's best green bean casserole recipes from scratch.
If you've ever wished for a noodle with zero calories, zero carbs, zero gluten and a neutral flavor profile ready to absorb spices, you'll understand why shirataki noodles are called a miracle. Also known as shirataki miracle noodles, miracle noodles or keto noodles, these slippery, watery, initially fishy noodles are similar to the ones you find in Asian stir-fries, soups or curries. Some people use them like pasta. Are they worth trying? Do they taste good? In the following post, I find out.
If we were sitting across the table, here is some of the stuff we might talk about this month.
If you think the Instapot is instant, an eyesore or unnecessary, you're not alone. But here's a look at these and other common misconceptions about the Instapot–as well as why you still might want one.