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Space Force & Beyond: Gen. Raymond's 3-Ring Space Circus
Posted by Theresa Hitchens on June 28, 2019
Gen. Jay Raymond, Commander US Space Command, Commander Air Force Space Command and maybe Chief of Staff US Space Force.
UPDATED: The Air Force argues that no, really, there will be only two hats.
WASHINGTON: The newly confirmed Commander of US Space Command, Gen. John Raymond, may face not one, not two, but three Herculean tasks over the next year: standing up SPACECOM as a new Combatant Command; managing the long-standing Air Force Space Command as it moves under the new SPACECOM; and — if the Senate has its way –starting up the new Space Force.
If this sounds both confusing and daunting, that's because it is.
"It makes no sense to ask a single individual to do all three jobs, especially during the critical first two years," says Doug Loverro, former deputy assistant secretary of defense for space policy and a long-time proponent of a Space Force. "That is basically setting it up for failure."
Another former DoD official agreed: "There is concern that Gen. Raymond will be overloaded, especially as his job isn't to run multiple organizations which would be hard enough, but to create them."
A retired senior Air Force officer with close ties to all things space was a bit less worried — but he raised a much larger question: What's the point of all this reorganization if, in the end, the same people will be doing the same jobs, just wearing different badges?
"Triple hatting is a bit much in terms of span of control," he told me wryly. (Span of control is the longstanding organizational principle that no one manager or commander should have too many subordinates reporting to them directly).
"That said, since the personnel in all three commands are all the same personnel, it can be accomplished, as Jay [Raymond] is a capable and competent leader," he continued. "However, it begs the question of what are the actual tangible improvements to our operational space architecture that will result?"
(click graphic to expand)
Space Agency Bingo
Because we are talking acronym soup, it's worth breaking this down:
First, the new SPACECOM was officially established in February by a White House Executive Order, although it's not yet officially stood up. It shares the name of the old Space Command that started in 1985 — before the Goldwater Nichols Act created the modern system of geographical and functional joint Combatant Commands. In 2002, the original SPACECOM merged into US Strategic Command. Now a new SPACECOM is being created by taking elements out of STRATCOM. But the new version will function very differently.
Reagan-era SPACECOM's job was to centralize missile warning and space launch operations at a time when only major powers had significant numbers of satellites. Today's 2.0 version will focus on a new and wider range of threats in a much busier orbital setting, from inadvertent debris that can damage satellites by accident, to missiles that can destroy them on purpose, to cyber and electronic warfare attacks that can cripple the networks that connect them to the users on the ground. As the commander of this functional Combatant Command, Raymond will be responsible for command and control of all space 'warfighters' in peacetime and wartime.
So when will the new SPACECOM officially open for business? According to multiple sources, the ribbon cutting will wait until after NASA finishes its planned celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing. The 'optics' of celebrating the new warfighting command clash with those of NASA's peaceful mission in a way that is not politically helpful with the US public or with allies, these sources explain. So the best guesstimate about the timing of the standup is late this summer. One source saying that the paperwork is already prepared for the Secretary of Defense's signature (or Acting Secretary as the case may be).
The core of the new SPACECOM, which Raymond leads, will be the existing Air Force Space Command, which Raymond also leads. ASFPC is a step below a combatant command: It's a "major command" under the Air Force, for which it provides satellites, ground control centers, and skilled personnel, and acts as STRATCOM's Joint Force Space Component (JFSCC), alongside co-equal components for missile defense, air operations (i.e. bombers), and nuclear missile submarines.
Under AFSPC, in turn, is the Space & Missile Systems Center (confusingly, "SMC") that actually develops and procures space systems. The relationship between AFSPC's Space & Missile Systems Center and the nascent (and embattled) Space Development Agency, however, is painfully unclear, including to a skeptical Congress.
Air Force Space Command will continue to exist: It'll keep doing the same missions, just change who it reports to: SPACECOM instead of STRATCOM. (Although in future its leader might be a three-star instead of a four-star, but that is down the road.) So AFSPC 'warfighters' who currently report to JFSCC — led by Raymond — will now report to SPACECOM — also led by Raymond — and get new insiginia on their uniforms. (The new logo, I'm told is already designed).
The relatively small Joint Force Space Component Command (JFSCC) element — about 140 Air Force, Navy, Army and Marine Corps troops at Schriever AFB in Colorado — will essentially dissolve into the new SPACECOM.
An Air Force spokesperson explained to me today: "Air Force Space Command will remain in place with its OT&E [organize, train and equip] mission, and all the Operational Wings under AFSPC will continue to execute their critical operational missions that directly support the Joint Force."
Clear-ish so far? Well, now it really gets complicated.
What About The Space Force?
Enter Space Force. Or at least the Senate version of it included in the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). That bill would make the commander of SPACECOM, Gen. Raymond, also the chief of staff of the new Space Force. In practice, the Space Force would take over all the Air Force's space-related acquisition, sustainment, and personnel functions. Eventually it might also take over space segments of the Army, Navy, and Marines, but not for at least a year.
This version of the Space Force would be a co-equal armed service alongside the Air Force within the Department of the Air Force, just as the Marine Corps is a co-equal service inside the Department of the Navy. As an armed service, not an operational warfighting command, the Space Force's role would be to "organize, train, and equip" units for use by Space Command, which would run actual operations.
But wait a second. Isn't providing forces to SPACECOM exactly what Air Force Space Command is supposed to be doing? Why, yes it is!
How that division of labor/bureaucratic overlap/organizational horror show gets resolved is not at all clear. But if Raymond is handed command of Space Force, he will need to build it from the bottom up, starting with Air Force assets and people and perhaps expanding from there as Congress sees fit.
UPDATE: To further muddy the waters, AFSPC is arguing that actuality, there will only be two hats in the ring if the Senate plan goes through. A spokesperson told me this evening that because the Senate would simply redesignate AFSPC as the Space Force: "As such, Raymond would then be dual-hatted as both commander of US Space Command and of the Space Force for one year before the jobs are split. Thus, there is no triple hat recommendation."
However, according to well-placed space official: "They are being semantic. Sure under JUST the Senate plan, AFSPC and Space Force are the same. But you still have to run AFSPC as you establish the Space Force, so it is still a new job to add to the other already existing jobs. Setting up a new service is more than just changing the signs at the gate. It is establishing personnel policy, new connective tissue to the other space organizations, and rethinking what it means to be a separate force."
UPDATE ENDED
Of course, we don't know what is ultimately going to come out of the Senate and House on the establishment of Space Force, which depends on the final language incorporated in the annual National Defense Authorization Act. The full House is expected to vote on the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) version of what it calls a Space Corps — with pretty much the same organizational structure as the Senate but less detailed, and with a different name — sometime in July. Then, we can expect the conference committee to haggle out a compromise between the House and Senate versions of the NDAA.
Of course, the NDAA can only authorize the creation of the Space Force/Corps/Empire. The appropriations committees have to provide actual funds for it. And that funding is up in the air, given that the House committee has snubbed the Trump Administration by appropriating only $15 million for a study of the proposal. The Senate appropriators are more likely to go along with the administration's request for $72.4 million in startup costs, but even the Republican leadership of the committee have concerns about the potential costs.
So everything is up in the air — or maybe much higher. Watch this space.
AFSPC air force air force space command Gen. John Raymond HASC House Armed Services Commitee NDAA 2020 SASC Senate Armed Services Committee space space command Space Corps Space Force
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REACH Senior Program Officer Promoted to Vice President of Programs
The REACH Healthcare Foundation is pleased to announce the promotion of Carla Gibson to Vice President of Programs. Gibson has been with REACH for 14 years as Senior Program Officer, responsible for program development and grants administration. Gibson also has guided the foundation's health equity investments.
"Carla has been a thought leader internally and in the community, helping REACH pursue its vision that all people in our communities achieve equitable health outcomes," said Brenda Sharpe, President & CEO. "Carla has played a particularly important role in cultivating community collaborations to address racial disparities and health inequity."
As Vice President of Programs, Gibson will assume responsibility for all program functions of the foundation, developing strategic community investments designed to implement REACH's mission of advancing health equity in its six-county service area.
"My goal is to remain focused on fulfilling the foundation's commitment to addressing the inequities and challenges in our safety net healthcare system and ensuring access to quality care and coverage for those most in need," said Gibson. "I am excited to bring my experience and passion to this new role and look forward to the next chapter in my professional journey with REACH."
Gibson helped to design a metro Cultural Competency Initiative that ultimately drew multiple funders and partners, and continues to operate as the Cultural Competency Collective. She worked with community leaders to launch a new learning community, Communities Concerned for Immigrants and Refugees, and managed the grant and serves on the Steering Committee for the Welcoming KC Region planning process.
Prior to joining REACH, Gibson directed community health programming at Kansas City CARE Health Center and served as a Ryan White HIV/AIDS case manager at Swope Health Services. Gibson also worked for the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services as a health program manager for the northwest region.
Gibson currently chairs the Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce's Behavioral Health Action Team and serves on its Diverse Business Committee. Additionally, Gibson is treasurer of both the Board of Directors of the Greater Lee's Summit Health Care Foundation and the Missouri Rural Health Association.
Previously, Gibson was an appointee to the Office of Minority Health's National Partnership for Action – Heartland Regional Health Equity Council (RHEC VII). She also co-chaired the host team for the national 2017 White Privilege Conference and chaired the KC Chamber's Resilient KC Trauma Initiative.
Gibson was honored with an Ace Award from the KC Chamber for outstanding achievement in the nonprofit industry. She was also awarded the Bold Health Champion award for being a credible voice of faith in the Kansas City metropolitan health community, as well as the Regional Health Champion Award for leadership in healthcare. Additional honors include the Spirit Award in social justice leadership from Communities Creating Opportunities; the Health Hero award from the Black Health Care Coalition of Greater Kansas City for her work in addressing access to care, advocacy and health promotion in the African American community; and, the Cross-Cultural Leadership Award from the Institute for International Medicine.
She and her husband Robert Gibson live in Lee's Summit, Missouri.
Click here to read Gibson's full bio.


Sometimes you don't need occasion-specific decorations, Sometimes you just need high-quality, colorful party decorations to round out your décor. You've come to the right place! We have a wide variety of occasion-neutral party decorations, ranging from confetti, to streamers, to hanging decorations, to a number of different miscellaneous decorations, all of which can be utilized for just about any party theme.
The best thing about neutral decorations is they can be used and reused for many different parties. Your summer party supplies can be used again as birthday decorations, or as décor for a Luau party. If you are looking for standard party supplies, this is the place to get them!


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Meet Yoni: Jewish Actor of the Week
by Rachel Kriegsman / May 25, 2021
Hailing from New York, Yoni Bronstein has found his community in Fairfax. An actor by training, Yoni loves exploring DC's theater scene as well as Mosaic's blossoming arts scene. Of course, a dream day in DC would include a trip to the museums and catching a Nats game. When he's not in DC or Fairfax, you can catch Yoni by the water in Alexandria or exploring the abundant trails in the mountains just to the west.
Read this week's 1:1 interview to learn more about Yoni!
Rachel: What brought you to DC and what made you stay?
Yoni: I moved to DC with my then-girlfriend, and now fiancé, at the end of 2019. My fiancé Megan and I both graduated from Columbia's School of the Arts Theatre Program in May of 2019 and began searching for jobs and trying to figure out what our next steps would be. Megan landed a great job at George Mason University's School of the Arts. She's a stage manager by trade, so that gig has worked out really well for her.
DC has a great theater scene, so I thought it would be great for me as an actor to see what I could find. Also, I grew up in New York, so it's nice that DC isn't too far from where my family lives.
Rachel: What motivated you to work in theater?
Yoni: Acting has been my passion since I was a kid. I remember telling my mom one day in the kitchen during my senior year of high school that I was going to be an actor. I went to Brandeis University to get my Bachelor of Arts, because I wanted to study a variety of things. I specifically did not go to [an acting] conservatory for that reason. But once I got to Brandeis, I was pretty quickly all in on theatre. I think the theatre is such a beautiful thing, it's such a unique and special way to connect to other people. It's not valued the way it should be.
As a Jewish person, I think that it can sometimes be hard to be Jewish because the theater culture isn't necessarily conducive to observing Shabbat or the Jewish holidays. That said, there are so many opportunities for Jewish people to express themselves in unique and special ways in the theater that I would love to see more of. A dream of mine is to help cultivate that in whatever my work turns out to be as an actor.
I am also very interested in writing and definitely want to do more of it over time. There is great TV nowadays that is coming from Israel. I think these shows are really special and could only be written by and come from Jews. And luckily shows like Shtisel, Valley of Tears, and Our Boys have an audience here in the US.
One challenge for Jews in the US is how we relate to our Judaism and what tensions exist in relation to our Jewishness. It's an interesting question that is rife with dramatic tension and is great for storytelling.
Rachel: I hear you recently got a new job. Tell me about it.
Yoni: I got an offer from the American Jewish Committee (AJC) to work with their US Regional Offices team. The AJC is a national advocacy organization that fundraises and puts together events that are relevant to the American Jewish community, including a lot of interfaith and diplomatic work. My job will be focused on coordinating with regional offices across the country to help with social media, messaging, and fundraising efforts. I'm excited about it because it's an opportunity to connect with Jewish communities across the country – from big communities like mine in New York to much smaller communities where creating Jewish programming is so important.
Rachel: Describe your dream day in the DMV from start to finish.
Yoni: I'll start with the caveat that my time in DC, pre-Covid has been so brief. That said, I'm really looking forward to taking more advantage of the DMV as things begin to open back up.
My dream day would involve walking at least 5 miles all around DC getting to explore the city. I love urban areas and think DC is such a beautiful city. It would be fun to spend the day exploring it by foot. When we first moved to the area, I worked near Capitol Hill. I would walk over to the steps of the Capitol or to the National Mall for my lunch break and it was so nice.
In an ideal world, I would also catch a Nationals game and hopefully the Mets would be in town. At night, I would see a show at one of the great theatre companies – Arena Stage, Theater J, or Studio Theatre.
Rachel: Is there anything you would change about DC?
Yoni: I would love for DC to become a state as soon as possible. That would be so great.
Another thing is that I love how New York incorporates its boroughs into the city and, as someone who lives in Northern Virginia, I would love to see the outer boroughs of DC become more integrated into the city.
Finally, the theater in DC is truly so fantastic. I wish people would take more advantage of it. If you live in the DMV, check out your local theater and go see a show. Get out there and experience the cultural energy that is so vibrant in DC.
Rachel: What's one thing that you can't get through the day without?
Yoni: Music, for sure. I love music of all kinds; nothing makes me feel more deeply.
Rachel: What is something that people might be surprised to learn about you?
Yoni: I think sometimes people are surprised to learn that I consider myself introverted. People often think I'm super outgoing and happy-go-lucky. I'm glad I exude that, but I often feel much more shy or introverted.
Rachel: What do you do to relax at the end of a long week?
Yoni: I play my guitar as much as I can and I hang out with my cat, Gracie. My fiancé and I also love to hop in the car and drive west to the mountains. There is such a wealth of trails and gorgeous views. DC-ers are lucky to have such beauty so close.
Rachel: What is your favorite spot to visit in Fairfax?
Yoni: I live about a mile from the Mosaic District. It has been fairly built up over the last few years and has a lot of great restaurants. But most importantly, it has an Angelika Film Center, which is a chain of independently owned movie theaters. I used to think there was only one in downtown Manhattan, but there are a few around the country, including one in Fairfax.
The Angelika Film Center puts together great festivals, including a Jewish Film Festival. And they bring in a variety of independent films and host classic series, things like Hitchcocktober. It's such a fun way to go to the movies.
Old Town Alexandria is another really beautiful spot that I highly recommend visiting. In fact, it's where I proposed to my fiancé!
Rachel: When the Jews of DC Gather…
Yoni: all the haters better scatter.
This interview has been edited for length and clarity. The views and opinions expressed in this blog and on this website are solely those of the original authors. These views and opinions do not necessarily represent those of the organization GatherDC, the GatherDC staff, the GatherDC board, and/or any/all contributors to this site.


Unlike perhaps many of the people who will flock to this book, I am a relative novice in the world of famed 19th century preacher Charles Haddon Spurgeon. I know of his revered Morning and Evening devotion book, but little of the prolific writer and speaker behind it.
Yet, even to a such a novice, The Lost Sermons of C.H. Spurgeon there was much to appreciate about the volume.
As beautiful as it is with full color reproductions of Spurgeon's actual notebooks, it is not conducive to reading through from cover to cover. It is precisely as it states, "outlines and sermons." Some of these outlines are more complete than others, but there are many that contain incomplete thoughts that would have been filled in during the actual delivery of the message.
Edited by Christian T. George, the volume contains plenty of footnotes to help guide the reader to other materials – such as Spurgeon's autobiography and collections of his lectures and sermons – that help fill in the blanks left by the outline format. The notes also help to guide readers through the potential thought process of the great preacher as it notes places where words were added to the outline or where words and phrases were stricken.
The introduction to the book is truly an asset in establishing the setting into which Spurgeon was writing and delivering the sermons he outlined. It also contains colorful charts, graphs and even a word cloud to illustrate the content on which Spurgeon concentrated during this season of his ministry.
While beautifully presented, this book is best considered as a reference work for scholars, pastors and students looking for more insight into the world of Spurgeon. Casual readers or newcomers to Spurgeon's writing may be better served by starting with one of his more accessible volumes.
Disclosure: I was provided with a complimentary copy of The Lost Sermons of C.H. Spurgeon: His Earliest Outlines and Sermons Between 1851 and 1854 in exchange for my unbiased review.


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Kevin Strauss | Children's Author, School Speaker, Story Programs
Minnesota based storyteller, author, speaker
Stories to Read & Watch
Skoll and Hati
Skoll and Hati (Norse)
copyright 2001 Kevin Strauss
Long, long ago, at the beginning of time. The god Odin, the all-father put the sun and moon into magical chariots to fly across the sky. The god told sun and moon to take their chariots and travel across the sky once a day, but that wasn't how it worked out.
Sun liked watching waves crash on the shore, so she would hold the sun for hours close to the earth. All of that heat turned the land into a desert, and left the rest of the world dark and cold. Moon liked the sight of the deep forests, where he would tie his horses for hours on end. What's more, the animals and people, even the gods didn't know when to wake and when to sleep.
The gods in Asgard sent messengers to Sun and Moon, they offered them gifts of gold and jewels, but the children just laughed.
"We shine more brightly than gold or jewels," said Sun.
Odin even threatened them with his magic spear, but Sun and Moon knew that the gods needed them to travel across the sky. Now that they had the job, they were going to do it just the way that they wanted. Besides, if the gods attacked their chariots, they may destroy the sun and moon forever.
Loki, the god of mischief smiled as he watched Odin and the other gods rage over the work of Sun and Moon. But his smile turned to a frown when he realized where the Sun had stopped his chariot. It was right above the volcano home of Surt, the fire giant. Loki had long been plotting to sneak into Surt's mountain and steal the fire diamond, a huge and beautiful gem made of living fire. Now, with the sun always shining, the giants that guarded the mountain were always awake, and Loki couldn't sneak past them.
Loki was thinking about his problems as he walked through a forest. He was far from the Sun and the trees stretched long shadows across the ground. Loki heard a growling sound. He quickly climbed into a tree and saw a pair of wolves chasing an exhausted deer through the forest. That gave Loki an idea.
Loki knew that no ordinary wolves would do for his plan, so he traveled to the Ironwood, a land of giants and trees as strong as steel. There he found two giant wolves, Skoll and Hati.
Loki went to the forest and shot a deer with his bow. He roasted its meat with garlic and onions, and brought it to the wolves' cave.
"I have a gift for you," said Loki, giving them the meat.
The creatures gobbled the meat down in a single bite. They had never tasted cooked meat and spices before.
"More! We want more! Get us more," they growled.
"I can't help you with that, but I can tell you where to find some more meat like this," said Loki.
Loki took the wolves outside and pointed to the Sun and the Moon, sitting motionless in the sky.
"That is where you will find more meat like that," said Loki.
"Grrr what good does that do us? We can't fly," said Skoll.
"Now I can help you there," said Loki, and saying that, he took out the pouch of flying powder that he had stolen from Odin and sprinkled it on each of the wolves.
The giant wolves leapt into the sky.
"Grrr, I want the Sun," growled Skoll.
"Fine, but I get the Moon," said Hati.
And the wolves were off.
When sun and moon saw the wolves, they drove their chariots high into the sky.
From that day on, the sun crosses the sky to make day, and the moon crosses the sky to make night, and all parts of the world get at least some light and some darkness, so animals, people and gods all know when to sleep.
But you may have noticed that at some times of the year, the Sun moves more quickly over the sky and at other times, it moves more slowly. That is because during the summer time, when the south wind blows, Skoll gets tired, and his fur feels warm, so he slows down. But When the north wind blows, and cold winds waft over the world and sky, Skoll feels stronger and chases the sun even faster than before, making out winter days much shorter than our summer days.
Did Loki ever get the fire diamond from Surt? Well, that is a story for another time.
Kevin Strauss, Storyteller • 507-993-3411 • Rochester MN 55903 • Copyright © All rights reserved


This report documents work at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) to validate enzymatic reduction, colorimetric determinative methods for nitrate + nitrite in filtered water by automated discrete analysis. In these standard- and low-level methods (USGS I-2547-11 and I-2548-11), nitrate is reduced to nitrite with nontoxic, soluble nitrate reductase rather than toxic, granular, copperized cadmium used in the longstanding USGS automated continuous-flow analyzer methods I-2545-90 (NWQL laboratory code 1975) and I-2546-91 (NWQL laboratory code 1979). Colorimetric reagents used to determine resulting nitrite in aforementioned enzymatic- and cadmium-reduction methods are identical. The enzyme used in these discrete analyzer methods, designated AtNaR2 by its manufacturer, is produced by recombinant expression of the nitrate reductase gene from wall cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Unlike other commercially available nitrate reductases we evaluated, AtNaR2 maintains high activity at 37°C and is not inhibited by high-phenolic-content humic acids at reaction temperatures in the range of 20°C to 37°C. These previously unrecognized AtNaR2 characteristics are essential for successful performance of discrete analyzer nitrate + nitrite assays (henceforth, DA-AtNaR2) described here.
Method detection levels (or limits; MDL) estimated for standard- and low-level DA-AtNaR2 nitrate + nitrite methods were 0.02 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L) and 0.002 mg-N/L, respectively, which are comparable to 2010 NWQL long-term MDLs of the continuous-flow analyzer, cadmium-reduction methods (henceforth, CFA-CdR) they replace. Typically, reagent-water blanks for standard- and low-level DAAtNaR2 nitrate + nitrite methods are one half MDL or less. Nitrate + nitrite concentration differences for between-day replicates were 3 percent or less at or above 5 times the MDL and were as great as 35 percent near the MDL. Typically, nitrate spike recoveries from reagent water, surface water, groundwater, and high-phenolic-content, humic-acid-amended reagent water were 100±20 percent.
In addition to operational details and performance benchmarks for these new DA-AtNaR2 nitrate + nitrite assays, this report also provides results of interference studies for common inorganic and organic matrix constituents at 1, 10, and 100 times their median concentrations in surface-water and groundwater samples submitted annually to the NWQL for nitrate + nitrite analyses. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical analyses of results determined by CFA-CdR methods and DA-AtNaR2 methods indicate that nitrate concentration differences between population means or sign ranks were either statistically equivalent to zero at the 95 percent confidence level (p ≥ 0.05) or analytically equivalent to zero—that is, when p < 0.05, concentration differences between population means or medians were less than MDLs.
1 U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver, Colo.
2 Veterans Health Administration, VISN 21 Pharmacy Benefits Management Group, Reno, Nev.
Patton, C.J., and Kryskalla, J.R., 2011, Colorimetric determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B8, 34 p.


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Q: Products of trig functions and the Thue–Morse sequence I was studying transformations of finite products of trig functions into sums, and empirically observed that the following curious identity appears to hold for all non-negative integer $m$:
$$\prod_{n=0}^m \sin\left(\frac z{2^n}\right)=\frac1{2^m}\sum _{n=0}^{2^m-1} (-1)^{\large t_n} \sin\left(\frac{\pi\,m}2+\frac{2\,n+1}{2^m}\,z\right),\tag{$\diamond$}$$
where $t_n$ is the Thue–Morse sequence.$^{[1]}$$\!^{[2]}$$\!^{[3]}$ How can we prove this identity?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"On the Analysis of Intrahost and Interhost Viral Populations: Human Cy" by Nicholas Renzette, Susanne P. Pfeifer et al.
Intrahost and interhost assessments of viral diversity are often treated as measures of separate and distinct evolutionary processes, with numerous investigations reporting seemingly incompatible results between the two. For example, in human cytomegalovirus, the nucleotide diversity estimates are 10-fold higher for interhost data, while the number of segregating (i.e., polymorphic) sites is 6-fold lower. These results have been interpreted as demonstrating that sampled intrahost variants are strongly deleterious. In reality, however, these observations are fully consistent with standard population genetic expectations. Here, we analyze published intra- and interhost data sets within this framework, utilizing statistical inference tools to quantify the fitness effects of segregating mutations. Further, we utilize population level simulations to clarify expectations under common evolutionary models. Contrary to common claims in the literature, these results suggest that most observed polymorphisms are likely nearly neutral with regard to fitness and that standard population genetic models in fact well predict observed levels of both intra- and interhost variability. IMPORTANCE: With the increasing number of evolutionary virology studies examining both intrahost and interhost patterns of genomic variation, a number of seemingly incompatible results have emerged, revolving around the far greater level of observed intrahost than interhost variation. This has led many authors to suggest that the great majority of sampled within-host polymorphisms are strongly deleterious. Here, we demonstrate that there is in fact no incompatibility of these results and, indeed, that the vast majority of sampled within-host variation is likely neutral. These results thus represent a major shift in the current view of observed viral variation.
Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology. Publisher PDF posted as allowed by the publisher's author rights policy at http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/ASM_Author_Statement.xhtml.
Renzette, Nicholas; Pfeifer, Susanne P.; Matuszewski, Sebastian; Kowalik, Timothy F.; and Jensen, Jeffrey D., "On the Analysis of Intrahost and Interhost Viral Populations: Human Cytomegalovirus as a Case Study of Pitfalls and Expectations" (2017). Open Access Articles. 3131.


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The original item was published from 8/22/2021 12:30:00 PM to 8/22/2021 3:08:20 PM.
[ARCHIVED] Hurricane Henri Update - 8/22/2021, 11:00 AM
Hurricane Henri Update - 8/22/2021, 11:00 AM
TRACK FOR T.S. HENRI SHIFTED TO THE NORTHWEST AND ACCELLERATED…T.S. HENRI MAKING LANDFALL IN STONINGTON AT THIS TIME…TROPICAL STORM WARNINGS REMAIN IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE STATE…FLOOD WATCHES ARE ALSO IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE STATE…FLOOD WARNINGS ARE NOW BEING ISSUED IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN CONNECTICUT…
At 11:00 AM Tropical Storm Henri was located approximately 15 miles east of Montauk Point, Long Island. Henri is moving to the north northwest at 12 MPH with maximum sustained winds of 60 MPH.
At Noon radar showed the eye of T.S. Henri making landfall near the town of Stonington. Rain and wind bands from Tropical Storm Henri continue moving across the state from southeast to northwest. Northeast winds are currently gusting to 45 - 55 MPH along the southeast coast. A wind gust to 70 MPH was reported earlier at Point Judith, RI. Eversource and UI are currently reporting a total of 20,065 customers without power across the state mainly in eastern CT. During the next few hours winds and rainfall will continue to increase across the state with the strongest winds moving from southeast corner of the state into the center of the state.
Moderate River and Major Urban Flooding Expected: Henri is forecast to bring 4" – 8" of rainfall to most of the state. Flood Warnings and Flash Flood Warnings are currently being issued for southern CT. This heavy rainfall will likely cause moderate to major urban flooding and moderate river and stream flooding lasting into late this evening.
Moderate to Major Tree and Powerline Damage Possible: Winds may gust to 60 – 70 MPH at times in southeastern CT early this afternoon (Note the shift in the wind scale). Wind gusts of 40 – 60 MPH are expected across the rest of the state. These strong wind gusts could cause a few pockets of major tree and powerline damage in southeastern CT and moderate tree and powerline damage across the rest of the state.
Hurricane Henri Update - 8/22/2021, 8:00 AM
TRACK OF T.S. HENRI HAS SHIFTED TO THE EAST AND HAS INCREASED IN FORWARD SPEED…
HENRI NOW FORECAST TO ARRIVE EARLIER AND MAKE LANDFALL NEAR THE CONNECTICUT/RHODE ISLAND BORDER BETWEEN 1:00 – 2:00 PM THIS AFTERNOON…HURRICANE WARNINGS ARE IN EFFECT FOR NEW HAVEN, MIDDLESEX AND NEW LONDON COUNTIES, TROPICAL STORM WARNINGS IN EFFECT FOR THE REST OF THE STATE…FLOOD WATCHES ARE IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE STATE…
At 8:00 AM Tropical Storm Henri was located at Lat. 40.7 North Long. 71.3 West or approximately 40 miles south southeast of Montauk Point, Long Island. Henri is moving to the north northwest at 16 MPH with maximum sustained winds of 70 MPH.
At 8:00 AM radar showed rain bands from Tropical Storm Henri moving across the state from southeast to northwest. North winds are currently gusting to around 35 MPH along the southeast coast. During the next few hours bands of rain and wind will continue moving into Connecticut from southeast to northwest. Winds will increase across the state with the strongest winds in the southeast corner of the state. Henri is now forecast to make landfall near the Connecticut/Rhode Island border between 1:00 – 2:00 PM as a strong tropical storm with sustained winds of 65 MPH and gusts to 80 MPH.
Moderate River and Major Urban Flooding Expected: Henri is forecast to bring 4" – 6" of rainfall to most of the state. This rainfall will likely cause moderate to major urban flooding and moderate river and stream flooding starting this morning and lasting into late this evening.
Moderate to Major Tree and Powerline Damage Possible: Winds may gust to 60 – 75 MPH at times in southeastern CT late this morning and early this afternoon. Wind gusts of 40 – 60 MPH are expected across the rest of the state. These strong wind gusts could cause major tree and powerline damage in southeastern CT and moderate tree and powerline damage across the rest of the state.
Please prepare now for the storm and visit the town website for more information on storm preparations: https://www.trumbull-ct.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=1734
Hurricane Henri Update - 8/21/2021, 7:00 PM
The Trumbull Emergency Management team has been monitoring the storm and is making preparations.
Tropical Storm Henri strengthened to a hurricane earlier today. Hurricane Henri is forecast to continue moving up the U.S. east coast tonight. The first effects of Henri are still expected to begin between 6:00 AM and 10:00 AM Sunday morning. Wind and rain are expected to steadily increase during the late morning and thru the afternoon. Henri is now forecast to make landfall near Old Saybrook, CT Sunday evening between 6:00 – 7:00 PM as a strong tropical storm with sustained winds of 65 MPH and gusts to 80 MPH.
Moderate River and Major Urban Flooding Expected: Henri is forecast to bring 4" – 8" of rainfall to western CT and 2" – 4" in eastern CT. This rainfall will likely cause moderate to major urban flooding and moderate river and stream flooding in western CT and minor to moderate urban and small stream flooding in eastern CT Sunday afternoon and evening.
Moderate to Major Tree and Powerline Damage Possible: Winds may gust to 65 – 80 MPH at times in southeastern CT Sunday afternoon and evening with wind gusts of 40 – 60 MPH across the rest of the state. These strong wind gusts could cause major tree and powerline damage across the state.
Tropical Storm Henri Update - 8/20/2021, 7:00 PM
This is First Selectman Vicki Tesoro with important information about Tropical Storm Henri:
The National Weather Service at this time is predicting that our area will see the effects of Tropical Storm Henri beginning tomorrow night through Sunday. We can expect high winds and rain.
We are anticipating significant tree damage throughout the State. UI is geared up for large scale power outages. We are asking all residents to prepare for extended times for restoration.
If you have a power outage – Contact United Illuminating 800-722-5584 or www.uinet.com. Residents who lose power are encouraged to shelter in place until it is safe to travel. If you are in need of shelter, please reach out to family and friends.
If there is a Life Safety Emergency – call 911.
For help in a non-emergency situation, please call the Trumbull Police Department non-emergency number, 203-261-3665.
Please also remember to check your elderly and disabled neighbors to be sure they are safe.
Please remember to operate generators at a safe distance from your home to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the home.
Residents are advised to secure all loose items outside.
Please stay away from all down power lines.
Individuals who are medically compromised are reminded to review their contingency plans.
Please register for the Trumbull Citizen Alert System, https://www.trumbull-ct.gov/408/Trumbull-Citizen-Alert, for emergency information. Individuals with disabilities who need assistance can register by calling the Director of Information Technology at (203) 452-5101.
Please prepare now for the storm and visit the town website for more information on storm preparations. https://www.trumbull-ct.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=1734
Check the Spotlight and Town News on the Town website's home page: https://www.trumbull-ct.gov


The plan stems from a 2014 executive action that Obama took after Congress didn't pass immigration legislation. Lower courts blocked the action after 26 states, including Texas, sued to stop it. Each state, governed by a Republican, said that Obama was overreaching his powers as president.
What Does Obama's Order Entail?
The executive order lifted the threat of deportation against more than 4 million undocumented immigrants; all of the immigrants affected are those who have no criminal record and have children who are U.S. citizens.
Those affected by the order would be eligible to work legally and receive some federal benefits. None of the actions in Obama's order required states to kick in for benefits.
Opponents of the executive order have been pacified by lower courts' refusal to allow the hold, but proponents claim the move will separate families who are already living in the U.S. and pave the way for mass deportation that leaves children without parents.
"President Obama is doing what he can within his well-established constitutional authority," said Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid.
"The president's actions fall well within the clear constitutional and legal authority of his office, and the well-established precedent set by every president since Eisenhower," said House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi.
Kentucky's Mitch McConnell disagreed. "The plan [Obama is] presenting is more than just, as the president himself has acknowledged, an overreach – it's also unfair," McConnell said.
Whether or not the Supreme Court chooses to hear the case, one thing is certain: there needs to be some type of action protecting people who have lived in the U.S. and have children who are U.S. citizens.
Many people choose to work with an immigration lawyer in Milwaukee who understands the complexity of the process.
If you need help immigrating to the U.S., or if you need assistance changing your immigration status, we may be able to assist you.
Call our Milwaukee immigration lawyers at 414-383-6700 or get in touch with us online for a free case evaluation today.
The U.S. Supreme Court hasn't yet decided on whether they'll hear President Barack Obama's bid to revive the plan that will shield more than 4 million immigrants – many of them women and children – from deportation.


The Allen Americans are here to help your company do more business and do business better! We have several ticket packages for any small, medium or large size business.
Partner with the Americans to showcase your business to one of the most loyal and affluent fan bases in the DFW Metroplex area. We have several partnership opportunities to meet your marketing objectives that will fit your budget constraints.
To learn more about partnering with the 2-time ECHL Kelly Cup Champions fill out the form below or feel free to contact one of our Corporate Account Managers at 972-912-1022.


Katrina is planning to host a few challenges next year, and this one looked very appealing, the Latin American Reading Challenge. This challenge will run for 4 months, between the 1st January - 30th April 2009. The aim is to read a 4 books from Latin America, these can be fiction or non-fiction the mix is up to you. There are several options to chose from, check out her post for the details.
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
I haven't thought of any books yet but I would like to read something from these countries. I read a mystery from Peru last month that was very good. A list will be developed soon.
Here's a South America country quiz and a North America country quiz to see how many countries you are familiar with.
I would fail any quiz, so I won't bother. But this challenge would be a good way for me to learn more about South America, because my inerest has been rising over the past few years. I'd love to travel there, so reading up first would be a good idea.
By the way, we are in The Complete Booker together. So today is my day to check out the blogs of all my fellow participants. What an interesting and creative bunch of fellow readers! Keep up the good work!
I'm not very good at listening to my own rules...I'm not supposed to be joining any more challenges, but I really, really want to do this one!


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Beneficiary: Shadi Ibrahim
Shadi is a married man who has two beautiful daughters; Mira (12 years) and Nay (9 years), he used to work in distributing goods with many different companies throughout his long career and he is the only provider for his family. This family was living a peaceful life at their house in Al-Warshah (a neighborhood near Al-Hamidia) until the cruel war forced them to leave everything behind seeking safety, so they went to a village near Homs. When things got...
Shadi is a married man who has two beautiful daughters; Mira (12 years) and Nay (9 years), he used to work in distributing goods with many different companies throughout his long career and he is the only provider for his family. This family was living a peaceful life at their house in Al-Warshah (a neighborhood near Al-Hamidia) until the cruel war forced them to leave everything behind seeking safety, so they went to a village near Homs. When things got better in their old neighborhood, Shadi's family came back home to find their house destroyed, they had no choice but to stay at his brother's house temporarily.
Being the sole breadwinner for his family, Shadi quickly found a job for a distributing company but unfortunately, in 2020 it was closed due to the hard economic circumstances and he was back again looking for another source of income.
Shadi applied for a mini pick-up truck through the Micro Projects Program which was his last hope after being unemployed, working on this truck will help him support his family with a decent income and at the same time give him more work independence and flexibility.
Beneficiary: Adham Nehmeh
After suffering many heart problems, Adham had to stop his work in floor tiling, this decision was not easy specially that he worked in this job since 1990. The father of two bought a mini pick-up truck (Suzuki) and started transporting goods from and to the workshops. He chose this job mainly because it was suitable for his health condition, and also because he has very good relations with many craftsmen. Unfortunately, he has not been spared from the dangers...
After suffering many heart problems, Adham had to stop his work in floor tiling, this decision was not easy specially that he worked in this job since 1990. The father of two bought a mini pick-up truck (Suzuki) and started transporting goods from and to the workshops. He chose this job mainly because it was suitable for his health condition, and also because he has very good relations with many craftsmen. Unfortunately, he has not been spared from the dangers of war and his vehicle was completely destroyed in an explosion, he lost his only source of income and had no other choice but to work again as a floor tiler.
The Micro Projects Program was the chance Adham needed and with the good reputation he built, he will have the opportunity to regain his job on the pick-up truck and provide a sufficient income for his family.
Cars Repairing Workshop
Beneficiary: Suleiman Kadar
Suleiman lives with his family of six; his father, his wife and 3 daughters. In 2012, the industrial area became very dangerous and he couldn't reach his workshop for car repairs that he had opened there back in 1998, when the family's journey with displacement had started.
the family fled to a village near Homs where they had to stay at their relatives' place with another 6 families for 3 months, being the sole breadwinner, Suleiman rented a workshop there but...
the family fled to a village near Homs where they had to stay at their relatives' place with another 6 families for 3 months, being the sole breadwinner, Suleiman rented a workshop there but unfortunately there were many well-known workshops that he couldn't compete with, so he moved to another village called Fairuza looking for a new beginning, he found a suitable place and started working with simple capabilities.
The good news was the withdrawal of the armed group from the family's neighborhood. Suleiman and his father rushed to Homs to check on their house which was damaged and started to repair it, while his wife and the three girls stayed in Fairuza.
After that long and tiring journey, the family was finally able to return home. Suleiman kept working in his workshop but needed many equipment and tools. Hearing about the Micro Projects Program restored his hope, he is now able to provide many services he was unable to do before, in addition to the improvement in his income and livelihood.
Beneficiary: Noura Fayad
Noura who studies psychological counseling is the youngest girl in her family, she lives with her parents after her three brothers traveled abroad searching for job opportunities to help their father in supporting the family during the hard economic circumstances.
Noura as well thought of a way to provide her own income, especially that her father has many health problems so she decided to use her skills in doing makeup, her mother who encouraged and believed in her talent helped her in...
Noura as well thought of a way to provide her own income, especially that her father has many health problems so she decided to use her skills in doing makeup, her mother who encouraged and believed in her talent helped her in preparing a suitable room at their house where she could work.
The main obstacle in her way was not being able to afford buying the essential tools to start her project. She applied for makeup kit and materials so she could work as a makeup artist and this way she would be able to do what she loves and to help her family at the same time.
Homemade Candles
Beneficiary: Hanaa Hakkoum
Hanaa is a married woman and a mother of three; two sons and a daughter. Her husband has been suffering for eleven years from heart disease and went through many surgeries which put huge financial burdens on the family.
In 1992, she opened a sewing supplies shop to help her husband but after the war, life became harder and the economic crisis affected small businesses so heavily. Since Hanaa was young she had many hobbies like making handmade items and candles,...
In 1992, she opened a sewing supplies shop to help her husband but after the war, life became harder and the economic crisis affected small businesses so heavily. Since Hanaa was young she had many hobbies like making handmade items and candles, she became very good at these crafts and mastered them, after her husband's severe illness she found that it's time to use these skills in strengthening her work so she added "candles making and decorating " service to her shop, people loved this idea and Hanaa sold a lot of decorated candles.
However, by the beginning of 2020 Corona Virus began to spread which was combined with a dramatic rise in prices, all these factors affected Hanaa's shop negatively and weakened it as she became unable to provide her shop with the essential primary materials and other merchandises.
Hanaa heard about the Micro Projects Program and thought to herself that this is her great chance to revive her job again, support her family, and most importantly encourage her children to complete their education during these hard circumstances.
Beneficiary: Bernard Hakkoum
When someone believes in his thoughts, what was difficult becomes very easy; that was exactly what happened with Bernard who believed in his life-project from the very beginning and did not give in to life difficulties. He is the only provider for his family; his wife Jocelyn, his son Jamy and his brother-in-law George who has M.S(Multiple sclerosis), they are living with his brother's family of three all in the same apartment.
Bernard worked for an advertising and marketing company since 2006,...
Bernard worked for an advertising and marketing company since 2006, until this company shut its doors at the beginning of the war in 2011 when he and his family had to flee to Tartus city and stayed there for a full year, after that they returned to Homs where he started working as a maintenance technician because he had studied this field in high school and mastered it, however, his income was not stable as the factories don't need maintenance on a daily basis.
Finding a job during the hard economic circumstances wasn't easy, the current situation encouraged him to think of a job that would allow him to secure a steady income and bring his experience with machines and his love for engineering and drawing together; so he had the idea of working on a laser cutting machine which is rarely existed in the city of Homs.
Bernard studied his project comprehensively and believed in it from all of his heart, but unfortunately, he was unable to start his dream project due to his limited financial resources. Having the opportunity to buy the laser cutting machine will be his last hope to support his family and to ensure decent life.
Mobile Phones Store
Beneficiary: Fadi Salloum
Fadi lives with his wife Yara and their son George, he used to work at his own shop since 2012, which is located in a crowded area at the intersection of two important streets.
War and its subsequent circumstances like the economic crisis and the high costs of living led him to a very difficult situation as he was unable to provide the shop with more merchandises and supplies making it half-empty, his business was affected badly and his income became insufficient for his family's basic needs.
Fadi needs to improve his business by supplying his shop with more goods and mobile phone accessories that will ofcourse help him to revive his only source of livelihood especially that he has a great reputation in the area.
Beneficiary: Alaa Al-Fares
Alaa used to work in goods distribution on his van since 2008, he was living with his wife Sally a happy life at their small house in Al-Hamidia neighborhood and planning to start a lovely family.
Unfortunately, the vicious war came and changed all their plans, their neighborhood became a dangerous place so they went to his village (Om-Sharshouh) which was safe back then but they didn't expect that war would chase them there to take everything they had.
In 2013, the...
In 2013, the family lost their village house and Alaa lost his van, his only source of livelihood, this couple had no choice but to leave to Homs where he had to work as a construction worker and they stayed in a rented apartment, that job was very tiring and its income was not enough to cover their needs as a family and pay the rent.
Al-Hamidia neighborhood became safer in 2014, at that time they decided to come back home after all the suffering they experienced. Alaa worked for a distributing company with a modest salary and kept dreaming of having his own van since driving the company vehicles took a huge amount of his income, especially that his family grew and now he has two beautiful boys to provide for.
Helping him to get his own van was a great support for him and his family, Alaa's dream became true and today he will be able to provide a decent income hoping to see his children grow and live in better conditions.
Beneficiaries: Katia Abboud, Anwar Abboud
Katia's life turned upside down when her husband, the only provider for the family was diagnosed with brain cancer. Katia is a mother of three; two daughters and a son, this family was living peacefully at their house in Homs until 2011, the year that their life was changed forever.
This family was displaced from their home but their real suffering began when the head of the family started his battle with cancer. In 2014, the city of Homs became safe...
This family was displaced from their home but their real suffering began when the head of the family started his battle with cancer. In 2014, the city of Homs became safe and Katia's family returned home, at that time she was forced to find a source of livelihood to support her family. Her brother-in-law Anwar helped her and they opened a small grocery shop together where her husband can help them as this job doesn't require a lot of effort.
While Anwar is a married man who lives with his wife and three daughters, the war left him a bad memory too when one day he got injured by a shell and lost vision in one of his eyes.
This mini market was the only hope left for them despite all the hardships they experienced. Supporting their life project will definitely make a positive difference and ensure a better life for the two families.
Beneficiary: Kamal Azar
Kamal inherited his father's shop which was opened 40 years ago, this shop has always been known for meeting all the needs of any family with wide variation in food commodities and cleaning products. Kamal lives with his wife, his daughter and his son and he is the sole provider for the family.
The devastating war on Syria caused a sharp increase in prices and low purchasing power, the business was affected badly and it became harder to buy new goods....
The devastating war on Syria caused a sharp increase in prices and low purchasing power, the business was affected badly and it became harder to buy new goods. thus, the sales rate dropped which reflected on the income and made it insufficient for a family of four.
Raising the level of work in his shop, improving the provided services and covering all of his customers' needs were Kamal's main purpose when he applied to the Micro Projects Program.
Getting the needed support helped him to revive his business and now his shop is back to the way it was before and hopefully it will thrive more and more.
Beneficiary: Elias Hanna
War has divided many Syrian families and Elias's family was one of them. Elias is a married man and a father of three sons; his elder son was martyred in the war while the other son left the country seeking a better life.
Today, Elias is living with his wife and his son Rami who chose to stay with them, Elias used to work in a small shop he opened in 2004, this shop has always been his only source of...
Today, Elias is living with his wife and his son Rami who chose to stay with them, Elias used to work in a small shop he opened in 2004, this shop has always been his only source of income but unfortunately, economic inflation was a real problem and it became very hard to supply his shop with more goods.
Life was very tough on a man of his age and after all the tragedies he went through, Elias decided to stand on his feet and continue. Supporting his project helped him to overcome all the bad memories he had and gave him and his family hope to have a fresh start.
Beneficiary: Wissam Elias
Wissam (35 years old) who works in a mobile phones store is the sole provider for his father and mother. He started learning about this domain in 2013 when he was working in someone's else store, he worked there for 3 years and when he mastered this profession he was able to open his own store in 2016, he rented a store in a good location in a densely populated area, and indeed, this store helped him to stand on...
Wissam (35 years old) who works in a mobile phones store is the sole provider for his father and mother. He started learning about this domain in 2013 when he was working in someone's else store, he worked there for 3 years and when he mastered this profession he was able to open his own store in 2016, he rented a store in a good location in a densely populated area, and indeed, this store helped him to stand on his feet.
Unfortunately, his success didn't last for long as a result of the economic crisis which caused a deterioration in his profits, in addition to the spread of COVID-19 which affected his business greatly.
Despite all these hardships, Wissam found hope when he heard about the Micro Projects Program, the support he got was what he exactly needed to revive his business and be able to take care of his family.


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Sports Range
Founded in 1981 by Jean Todt, Peugeot Sport has competed in the world's greatest and most demanding events and championships obtaining many accolades including victories at the iconic Le Mans 24 Hours, Pikes Peak International Hill Climb and Dakar Rally.
This pursuit for success and overcoming technological challenges is imbued at Peugeot Sport and it was this pursuit that prompted their return to Dakar in 2015. In addition, Peugeot Sport also currently competes in the FIA World Rallycross Championship which is one of motor racing's most spectacular and fastest growing series.
Drawing on the expertise gained on the track, as well as a wide range of achievements, Peugeot Sport has been designing radical sports cars for the road for many years and building on this rich legacy we are proud to offer the 308 GTi by Peugeot Sport.
OUR SPORTS RANGE MODELS
308 GTi by Peugeot Sport
The ultimate hot hatch from Peugeot Sport
19" Aluminium wheels
GTi and Peugeot Sport branding
High-pressure injection engine
Sporty interior with red accents
VIEW ALL MODEL RANGE


Return Policy | Springtime Inc.
At Springtime, Inc. we are so confident in the quality and effectiveness of our products that we offer a 60-day product return policy.
If you are not happy with any product, simply return it within 60 days for a credit or refund. No questions asked. (Returns are subject to prorated refund). Shipping fees are non-refundable. Springtime is not responsible for returns from resellers of Springtime products (products not purchased directly from Springtime).
Clearly providing this information will help us expedite the processing of your return.


Opti 3 Complete Omega-3 is a 100% natural, high-potency EPA and DHA supplement that offers the benefits of Omega-3s without the need for fish or other animal by-products.
Opti3's unique complex provides a balanced blend of 835mg total Omega-3 essential fatty acids per daily dose of 2 convenient capsules, giving you exceptional potency at a very reasonable price. The unique high-strength formula ensures adequate levels of DHA and EPA for vegans and vegetarians, whose diets are often lacking in these essential fatty acids. Opti3 is suitable for children and adults alike and is safe to take during pregnancy and while breast feeding.
Omega-3 fatty acids are required by the body for general well being. Opti3 is an alternative to fish sources of DHA and EPA, as this algae-extracted version is grown in a pure environment and is free of animal by-products and contaminants. This prevents the need for worry about consuming animal products and ensures a product that is free of mercury and other toxins often common in the ocean (an issue with fish-based DHA/EPA supplements). Opti3 is also free from sugar, wheat and dairy.
One 2-capsule serving of Opti3 contains 300mg EPA and 500mg DHA, with 835mg total Omega-3s per serving. Each bottle of Opti3 contains 60 capsules, which is a 30-day supply at the regular dosage of 2 capsules per day. $26.99 per bottle.
From Kim Ward of Calgary, Alberta on 8/1/2013 .
These don't have a fishy aftertaste, which is great.
Best Vegan Omega 3 Ever!
From Maria of Las Vegas, Nevada on 3/25/2011 .
This stuff rocks! No weird fishy aftertaste or smell, easy to swallow and even has EPA. I'm hooked.
From Jody of Los Angeles, California on 12/16/2010 .
Opti3 is wonderful! For so long I've been looking for a great vegan EPA and DHA. This is it! Great price and great product. I recommend this to absolutely everyone - goodbye fish omega-3s!!
From Martin Rodriguez of Montevideo, Uruguay on 11/8/2010 .
Im really glad i found this page i live in a country where finding supplements animal-free is impossible, i bought this among whit a multivitamin and it really REALLY improved my day routine ( i train everyday like 3 hours and study) the 2 capsules serving size its kinda optional for me as it has a lot of omega3 epa and dha! it almost doesn't have any taste!


Induced Impacts results from the employees and local residents purchasing good and services during the event, external to normal purchasing. This is a difficult number to evaluate, but assumptions can be made that this event stimulates spending on things other than what happened at the Arena or Curling Club. The resulting profits from the event will further be expended to improve the Curling Club. It is the Induced Impacts that warrant the Municipality's encouragement to sports groups to be active. And what of the local, provincial and national media attention!!?? There are impacts of which no exact monetary value can be assigned.
To evaluate, consider the time over which planning and actual tournament operations occur. The planning is one year for a 4-5-day event.
Without getting into the evaluative details, a World Curling Tour event will generate over $250,000 into the local economy. This is not a minor economic generator for any population centre. The organizers are to be commended for their diligence and community spirit. Take that to your councilors and area businesses to generate sponsorship and advertising income.


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En dubbeldäckare eller tvåvåningsbuss är en buss med två våningar. Bland de mer kända modellerna återfinns de röda Routemasterbussarna i London, som sattes i trafik 1956 och med åren kommit att bli något av en symbol för staden. Dessa togs den 9 december 2005 ur reguljär trafik, och trafikerar sedan dess bara museilinjer i centrala delarna av staden.. Trafiken med museilinjerna i London med klassiska Routemaster upphörde i september 2019 och kommer enligt beslut av kollektivtrafikmyndigheten i London inte att fortsätta. Begagnade exemplar av Routmaster har sålts till bland annat Sverige, men är dock inte lämpade att användas i trafik med anledning av den svenska högertrafiken. Det finns dock inget i förbud mot att göra det.

Dubbeldäckare som stadsbuss finns även i fler städer i Storbritannien, samt i Berlin i Tyskland, där många av stombusslinjerna trafikeras med moderna dubbeldäckarbussar.

Sverige

Linjetrafik på landsbygden

I Norrland finns sådana som linjebussar på längre linjer, till exempel på linje 100 mellan Sundsvall - Umeå - Luleå - Haparanda samt på linje 45 mellan Östersund och Gällivare. I Östergötland går det dubbeldäckare på den hårt belastade sträckan mellan Linköping och Norrköping. I Västra Götalands län trafikerar Västtrafik sträckan Borås-Göteborg med dubbeldäckare sedan december 2010. Den 24 juni 2011 började det även att gå dubbeldäckade bussar i linjetrafik på SL:s linje 676 mellan Stockholm och Norrtälje av typen VDL Synergy. Under sommaren 2012 började UL trafikera sträckorna Uppsala-Enköping och Uppsala-Västerås med Vanhool-dubbeldäckare, på linjerna 773 och 774. På grund av problem med blåst som orsakat flera olyckor togs dubbeldäckarna ur trafik sommaren 2022.  Sedan 2015 kör Skånetrafiken dubbeldäckare på Skåneexpressen linje 10 mellan Helsingborg och Örkelljunga. Även Skåneexpressen 1, 2 och 15 samt regionbusslinje 177 trafikeras med dubbeldäckare inom Skånetrafiken.

Turisttrafik

Det finns också turistbussar av dubbeldäckartyp. Då kan man inte ha bagage under golvet, utan istället är bakre delen av första våningen gjord för det. Då detta bagageutrymme är begränsat är det vanligt att man använder en släpvagn för att få plats med allt bagage.

Linjetrafik i tätort

Stockholm
I Stockholm har dubbeldäckade bussar i linjetrafik förekommit sedan 1930 då den första importerades från Storbritannien av varuhuset NK. Bussen användes under Stockholmsutställningen för att transportera besökare mellan varuhuset på Hamngatan och NK:s paviljong på Norra Djurgården. Sedan dröjde det över 30 år innan man kunde se en dubbeldäckare i linjetrafik igen. Det var en Routemaster som gick i trafik mellan Norrmalmstorg och Sankt Eriks-Mässan i Storängsbotten under några veckor försommaren 1962. I augusti 1963 satte AB Stockholms Spårvägar (SS) för första gången en dubbeldäckare i trafik, även denna gång mellan Norrmalmstorg och Sankt Eriks-mässan. Bussen var tillverkad av det tyska företaget Büssing. Just denna modell levererades i tre exemplar, främst avsedda för prover av olika slag inför en eventuell större beställning av liknande bussar. Försöken blev lyckade och ett drygt år senare, i december 1964, levererades den första av en större serie bussar från Büssing. Även det brittiska företaget Leyland Motors fick i uppdrag att leverera dubbeldäckare till SS. 1976 togs den sista dubbeldäckaren i staden ur trafik.

Åren 2012 och 2013 fanns den privata busslinjen "Djurgårdsbussen" i Stockholm som använde dubbeldäckare i reguljär tätortstrafik. Linjen gick i 20-minutersintervaller under dagtid från Cityterminalen i Stockholm till Skansen på Djurgården och hade hållplatser gemensamt med Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL) vid bland annat Hötorget, Kungsträdgården och Nybroplan.

Under dubbeldäckarnas tid i Stockholm kunde busspassagerarna på andra våningen ibland se in i husen längsmed gatorna, vilket blev mindre populärt bland de boende längsmed busslinjerna.

Källor

Externa länkar

Typer av bussar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Netherlands' Noordwijk coast lost a local landmark recently as a full-scale model of Europe's largest ever environmental satellite was removed from the visitor centre for ESA's technical heart.
The eight-tonne Envisat satellite was launched in 2002. Carrying 10 instruments, the lorry-sized satellite spent a decade monitoring the terrestrial environment, paving the way for Europe's current Sentinel series.
This metal and plastic replica was installed outside Space Expo – the visitor centre for ESA's ESTEC technical centre – in July 1999, but it eventually fell prey to the terrestrial environment: years of exposure to North Sea winds led to pieces dropping off.
The decision to dismantle it was taken to prevent it becoming a danger to the public.
The operation began with workers on a cherry picker pulling the main body apart. Then cutting torches split its support structure and solar wings, with an articulated hauler used to pull everything down. The work took place on 18 December.
The actual Envisat – drifting in its 800 km-altitude orbit since contact was lost in 2012 – is itself due for disposal. It is the planned target of ESA's proposed e.Deorbit mission, intended to pioneer the concept of space debris removal.
Due for launch in 2021, e.Deorbit will rendezvous with the lost satellite and then secure it for a controlled atmospheric reentry.
Space Expo might have lost one attraction, but new ones are arriving regularly – an Ariane 5 Vulcain engine is among its latest acquisitions. Visitors can also book guided tours of the adjoining ESTEC establishment.
A replacement satellite replica is planned to be installed in Envisat's place, but its identity is yet to be announced.


The U.S. Department of Agriculture has developed software that helps farmers decide on the best days to spray pesticides on their fields. The software was developed by USDA's Agricultural Research Service at its Fort Collins, Colorado research facility.
The software, called PhenologyMMS (Modular Modeling System), was developed by agronomist Greg McMaster and plant science technician Debbie Edmunds for farmers and ranchers in the central Great Plains. It predicts the timing of plant growth stages to help farmers and ranchers determine how their crop is progressing and when to apply pesticides, fertilizers, and water, as well as time other management tasks.
Instructions from pesticide developers may give the scientific name for a crop's growth stage, but not much more. PhenologyMMS. on the other hand, offers common names with the scientific names and tells growers how to identify the growth stage, and when to expect each stage, based on weather reports and soil moisture.
The program covers corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, dry beans, sunflowers, and several millet varieties, and is continually being expanded. Farmers need to answer questions such as the planting date and the moisture of the soil at planting time (choices: "optimum," "medium," "dry," or "planted in dust").
The last step is to identify the nearest weather station to access weather data to run a simplified model of crop growth for each crop chosen, focusing on cumulative temperature. The program then simulates crop growth stages for the entire growing season, giving farmers a good idea of when each stage should occur.
USDA makes the program available for free (registration required), and can be downloaded from the USDA Web site.


The volumetrics diet has been around for many years. It is one of the better diet plans for people to follow. The volumetrics diet allows people to eat as much as they want to get full and stay full for a longer time. This diet is designed to get rid of the feeling of being deprived and hungry that is experienced with so many other diets. This diet plan is not going to work for you if you cannot stand to eat vegetables and fruits.
The theory behind the volumetrics diet is that people eat the same amount of food each day regardless of how many calories they consume. Some foods have more calories per gram such as a plate of cookies. If you eat 1 or 2 pounds of cookies you will gain weight. The volumetrics diet will show you how to eat the 2 pounds of food, but it will be food with fewer calories and more nutritional value that the cookies.
By choosing more fruits and vegetables you will eat more food with more nutrition and fewer calories. Instead of gaining weight you will lose weight.
The volumentrics diet teaches you to eat low density food. This means the foods have fewer calories relative to how much you eat. High density foods, on the other hand, have lots of calories for a small amount of food.
The diet plan does not have foods that are prohibited. One of the aspects of the volumetrics diet is the eat foods which are up to 95% water based and this includes many fruits and vegetables. You can eat a whole plate full of these fruits and vegetables for less calories than a slice of cake or pie or an ice cream sundae. In addition to eating fruits and vegetables you eat lean meat and fish.
To follow the volumetrics diet plan you do not need to purchase any special foods so your grocery bill should stay about the same. It is not difficult to follow the diet plan when eating in a restaurant. There are no membership fees. You design your own diet plan following the diet guidelines.
Foods are categorized as very low density which includes nonstarchy fruits and vegetables, broth based soups and nonfat milk. Low density foods include starchy fruits and vegetables, low fat meat, legumes and grains. Medium density foods include meat, pizza, cheese, French fries, salad dressings, bread, ice cream and cake. Finally, high density foods include chips, chocolate candies, butter, and crackers. When deciding on your menu choose most foods from the very low density and low density group. Be careful of your portion size when choosing medium density foods and only eat high density foods sparingly. There are books and recipes available for the volumetrics diet plan if you want more in depth information.
Following the volumetrics diet you can expect to lose one or two pounds per week, This may not sound like much, but over a period of time it can result in significant weight loss. The diet is not extreme and provides acceptable ranges of the necessary nutrients. It is an eating plan that many people have adopted as a life style change. Following the plan has allowed them to not only lose the weight, but to keep it off.
It always helps to include some exercise each week as week as well as following a healthy eating plan.


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NYLJ "'Final Version' of Settlement Agreement Not Enforceable When Client Withholds Signature"
By Thomas E.L. Dewey
A party can withhold his signature and remain unbound by a settlement agreement, even when his attorney had actual authority to approve material terms of the settlement and approved a "final version" of the settlement draft. That was the court's conclusion in a recent case in the Southern District of New York.
In Fernandez v. HR Parking, 16-cv-2762, the court denied a motion to enforce a written settlement agreement that attorneys on both sides had approved, after two of the five plaintiffs refused to sign. Using the four-factor test from Winston v. Mediafare Ent., 777 F.2d 78, 80 (2d Cir. 1985), the court concluded that the parties had communicated an intent not to be bound until a written agreement had been
fully executed.
This article first appeared in the New York Law Journal on February 10, 2022. L. Lars Hulsebus , an associate of the firm, assisted in the preparation of the article.
#publications
NYLJ "Court Reviews Fair Use Protection for Publishers Embedding Social Media Posts"
Dewey Pegno & Kramarsky / Emily M. Glavin joins the firm
NYLJ "Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down: New York Court Analyzes Meaning and Impact of Emoji..."
DPK in the News/ Best Law Firm
NYLJ "No Breach of Settlement Agreement Where Conduct Not Prohibited by Non-Disparagement Clause"
Dewey Pegno & Kramarsky / Christine Kim joins the firm
DPK Partners Recognized by Super Lawyers
NYLJ "When 'Following' Doesn't Make You a 'Follower'"
Dewey Pegno & Kramarsky / Q&A with Associate Ed Lee
NYLJ "Trademarks and the Digital Storefront: SDNY Analyzes Likelihood of Confusion in Search Ads"


text:
Q: CakePHP cannot create/ find action in controller I am having some trouble creating an additional view in CakePhp
From what I understand you need to match the view file name and the controller function.
The function is in the correct controller, but CakePHP still gives me this error:
Error: The action userMutualFriends is not defined in controller UserProfileController

Error: Create UserProfileController::userMutualFriends() in file: app\Controller\UserProfileController.php.

<?php
class UserProfileController extends AppController {

    public function userMutualFriends() {

    }

}

Though I pasted the exact same function into the controller.
I have no experience with CakePhp, so maybe I am just missing something..
Thanks,
Sam

A: I am the biggest idiot, was using a back-up so changing the wrong files..
Sorry for wasting your time.


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Milford homicide suspect arrested, charged
Abdul White was extradited to Delaware this week and charged with murder, home invasion, and other charges
Milford homicide suspect arrested, charged Abdul White was extradited to Delaware this week and charged with murder, home invasion, and other charges Check out this story on delawareonline.com: https://delonline.us/1QkY2os
Jon Offredo, The News Journal Published 4:01 p.m. ET Dec. 4, 2015 | Updated 4:23 p.m. ET Dec. 4, 2015
Abdul T. White
A Philadelphia man wanted on murder charges for allegedly breaking into a Milford home and killing a man was arrested and charged in Delaware on Wednesday.
Abdul White, 31, was extradited to Delaware this week after city police arrested him in September. White faces a murder, home invasion and other charges in the Aug. 8 slaying of John G. Harmon, 40, who was shot to death in his home on the the 500 block of N. Walnut St. in Milford.
Harmon, a father of eight, was shot in front of his children during the early-morning home invasion. One family member said three men broke into Harmon's house and corralled Harmon and five of his kids who were staying with him at the time. Then they pistol-whipping Harmon and shot him.
White's girlfriend, Ashley Gonzalez, 25, of Dover, remains at-large and is wanted for questioning in the home invasion and homicide.
White was arraigned and committed to the Delaware Department of Corrections and held without bond. Milford police say the investigation is ongoing and additional charges are pending for White.
White and Gonzalez also face charges in connection to a September drug ring bust made by state police.
Contact Jon Offredo at (302) 324-2226, on Twitter @jonoffredo or at joffredo@delawareonline.com
Read or Share this story: https://delonline.us/1QkY2os


text:
Q: I need 2 for loops to fill a matrix in Eigen but I can fill it with only 1 for loop in Matlab - can I get rid of the extra for loop? I am filling an Eigen matrix with the following code:
int M = 3;
int N = 4;
MatrixXd A(M, N);

double res = sin(4);

for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
        A(i, j) = sin(i+j);
    }
}

In Matlab I only need 1 for loop to do the same thing using vectorization:
M = 3;
N = 4;
N_Vec = 0:(N-1);
A = zeros(M,N);
for i=1:M
    A(i,:) = sin((i-1)+N_Vec);
end

Is it possible to do something similar in C++/Eigen so that I can get rid of one of the for loops? If it is possible to somehow get rid of both for loops that would be even better. Is that possible?

A: Using a NullaryExpr you can do this with zero (manual) loops in Eigen:
Eigen::MatrixXd A = Eigen::MatrixXd::NullaryExpr(M, N,
      [](Eigen::Index i, Eigen::Index j) {return std::sin(i+j);});

When compiled with optimization this is not necessarily faster than the manual two-loop version (and without optimization it could even be slower).
You can write int or long instead of Eigen::Index, if that is more readable ...


Suffering from Melasma or Hyperpigmentation?
What is Melasma? is a very common patchy brown, tan, or blue-gray facial skin discoloration, usually seen in women in the reproductive years. It typically appears on the upper cheeks, upper lip, forehead, and chin of women 20-50 years of age. Although possible, it is uncommon in males.
What causes Melasma? Most of those with melasma are women. Melasma is thought to be primarily related to external sun exposure, external hormones like birth control pills and internal hormonal changes as seen in pregnancy. Most people with melasma have a history of daily or intermittent sun exposure, although heat is also suspected to be an underlying factor. Melasma is most common among pregnant women, especially those of Latin and Asian descents. People with olive or darker skin, like Hispanic, Asian, and Middle Eastern individuals, have higher incidences of melasma.
How best to treat Melasma? Chemical peels and hydro microdermabrasion both work by increasing cell turnover, which speeds the transit of that unwanted pigment out of your skin. They can be helpful for all types of brown spots regardless of their origin.
Sunscreen, Sunscreen, Sunscreen! You will not have success treating melasma if you don't block light. Every time ultraviolet light hits these brown spots it makes them worse. Your sunscreen must block UVA as well as UVB. Ask Us About our sunscreens.
This treatment series is good for people who have melasma and hyperpigmentation. Perfect for all skin types, especially skin of color.
Cost Per Session: $159.00: Treatment includes the following below. These treatments are customized to your skins conditions, color type, and texture. Chemical peels are done monthly or every 4-6 weeks.
Photo Imaging Scanning (X-ray that measures skin damage beneath the surface) taken before and after each session.
Does not include home care products.
Copyright © 2019 Faces Skincare Centers - All Rights Reserved.


Camille Chalmers is a professor at the State University of Haiti since 1980, his courses include social planning and project management, where cost-benefit analysis is a component.
He is the coordinator of PAPDA (Plateforme haïtienne de Plaidoyer pour un Développement Alternatif), a civil society platform which includes organizations from a variety of sectors. The platform exists to engage with government on political and developmental alternatives.
He is also a member of two research groups within CLACSO (Concejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales), which works on identifying the principles obstacles to social and economic development.


text:
How to Calculate CPM in Demographics and Population
By Eric Bank, MBA, MS Finance
How Do I Calculate Fair Market Values for CPM & CPC Statistics?
How to Set Advertising Rates
How to Get Advertisements on Tumblr
What Is Audience Coverage Evaluation?
Advertising Differences on Radio Vs. Webcast
A small-business owner may have a limited budget for marketing and advertising. Getting the word out about your product or service is usually necessary if you want to draw new customers to your business, because you can't always count on people simply stumbling upon your offerings. CPM, or cost per thousand, is the price you pay to distribute your message to 1,000 individuals or households. You can calculate CPM for the general population or for specific demographic slices.
The Numerator
The numerator of CPM is the cost of one advertisement or ad group. This cost varies by the size or duration of the ad, the type of media and the specific media entity. For print media, the cost of an ad is based on the number of people with the potential of running across your ad -- in other words, readers. Ads come in standard sizes, from thumbnail to full page, and the costs are commensurate with the size. The same is true for ads you place on websites. Website ad costs often are based upon how many user clicks the ad generates. Broadcast ad costs depend on viewership or listenership ratings, time of day and length of the commercial. Package deals and large buys can lower your CPM.
The Denominator
The CPM denominator is an estimate of the total exposure your ad will receive, divided by 1,000. Mathematically, this is identical to using the exposure estimate as the denominator and multiplying the numerator by 1,000; you will generally find the CPM formula expressed this way. For print media and newspapers, the audience is the circulation of the publication, flier, mailing or other source. For highway signs, the audience is an estimate of how many drivers pass it within a given period. Broadcast media exposure is an assessment of the total number of homes that receive your message, but a more refined version accounts for the number of prospective customers within each home. For websites, the audience is the number of visitors.
Population CPM
Population CPM is a somewhat unrefined measure based on the number of people or homes that potentially are exposed to your ad. For example, broadcast ads reach as far as the signal travels. Cable TV ads can reach the entire country or can be tailored to run in only particular geographic segments. Advertisers use population CPM either because they don't have detailed audience data or because the price might be lower than the price of demographic ads. For a newspaper or magazine, population CPM is the entire circulation for the nation, a region or a city. Population CPM for web ads is total traffic without regard to the source of the traffic, such as web searches or links from other sites.
Demographic CPM
An advertiser can target its audience by specific demographic slices, such as age, income, hobbies, profession, marital status, gender and many other characteristics. In this way, a business devotes its advertising resources to the people who are most likely to buy a product or service. Advertisers often combine population and demographic strategies, such as, for example, advertising on TV programs that reach affluent young women in Boston. Demographic advertising on a website usually accounts for the source of the prospect who clicks on the ad. CPM rates are frequently higher for demographically targeted audiences because of the presumed higher effectiveness of these ads.
Kantar Media: Cost per Thousand
Google: Add Demographic Targeting to an Ad Group
SiteScout: Update -- Demographic Targeting Is Here!
The Nielsen Company: Reach Your Audience Across Touch Points
Based in Greenville SC, Eric Bank has been writing business-related articles since 1985. He holds an M.B.A. from New York University and an M.S. in finance from DePaul University. You can see samples of his work at ericbank.com.
How to Estimate CPM for Market Size
What Are Advertising TRPs?
What Are CPM Impressions?
How to Measure the Reach of TV Advertising
How to Determine the GRP in Advertising
Effectiveness of Magazine Advertising
How to Calculate TRP
How Do I Determine the Fair Market Values for CPM & CPC?
What Does Advertising Inventory Mean?
1 How to Estimate CPM for Market Size
2 What Are Advertising TRPs?
3 What Are CPM Impressions?
4 How to Measure the Reach of TV Advertising


Transmits and receives data over single-mode fiber.
Optigo Networks helps achieve scalability and high-speed communications with small form-factor pluggable transceivers (SFPs) for Passive Optical Networking (PON). These small devices transmit and receive light on fiber and translate it into electrical signals for the switches. The SFPs plug into the Smart Aggregation and Edge Switches' SFP ports, and then connect to the fiber. All fiber ends should be terminated with an SFP. These SFPs are unique to Optigo Networks' Connect product line.


AUSTIN, Texas, April 12, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pain Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq:PTIE) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the New Drug Application (NDA) resubmission for REMOXY®, an abuse-deterrent formulation of extended-release oxycodone (CII) capsules, is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. September 25, 2016 is the target action date under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA).
Pain Therapeutics will host a conference call on Wednesday, April 13th at 8:30am EDT to discuss the REMOXY NDA and this drug candidate's target market. Guest speaker Mr. John LaLota, a consultant to Pain Therapeutics, will join the call. Mr. LaLota has over 25 years of management experience in the analgesic marketplace. Having directed 6 major launch campaigns in the analgesic area, he is recognized as a foremost expert in the commercialization of analgesics. Major brands under Mr. LaLota's direction during his tenure at Johnson & Johnson, Wyeth and Knoll included the pain drugs Duragesic®, Orudis® and Vicodin®. Under his commercial direction, all three drugs became market leaders within 2 years of launch.
To participate in this conference call please dial toll-free 1-877-407-4018 (U.S.) or 1-201-689-8471 (international).
AUSTIN, Texas, March 29, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pain Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq:PTIE) announced today that it has resubmitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a New Drug Application (NDA) for REMOXY®, an abuse-deterrent formulation of extended-release oxycodone (CII) capsules. Pain Therapeutics expects to be notified by the FDA of a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) action date within 30 days. The original REMOXY NDA has a Priority Review designation.
"We continue to believe our lead drug candidate, REMOXY, is on-track for an NDA re-filing in mid-2015 by Pfizer," said Remi Barbier, Chairman, President & CEO of Pain Therapeutics. "FENROCK expands our pipeline and is consistent with our strategy to eventually develop drugs in four major categories of pain management: mild, moderate, moderate-severe and severe pain. There is no change to our financial guidance for 2014, as FENROCK's development costs are already reflected in our projected cash use of about $12 million in 2014."
AUSTIN, Texas, Feb. 4, 2014 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pain Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq:PTIE) today reported financial results for 2013 and provided guidance for 2014. Net profit in 2013 was $31.5 million, or $0.70 per diluted share, compared to a net loss in 2012 of $3.4 million, or $0.08 per share.
"We are excited about what lies ahead for PTIE in 2014," said Remi Barbier, President & CEO. "We'll be watching the progress of REMOXY carefully over the next few quarters, as Pfizer has stated an intent to refile an NDA mid-2015. Any moves towards risk-reduction around this drug candidate may accelerate our corporate strategy to transition from purely an R&D company to a mix of R&D and product revenue. Based on the clinical and commercial profiles of REMOXY, and potential upside of our early-stage assets, I believe 2014 may be a pivotal year for us."
AUSTIN, Texas, Oct. 22, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pain Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq:PTIE) today reported Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) has informed us that, having achieved technical milestones related to manufacturing, they will continue the development program for REMOXY® (oxycodone) Extended-Release Capsules CII.
We also were informed that, following guidance received from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) earlier this year, Pfizer will proceed with the additional clinical studies and other actions required to address the Complete Response Letter received in June 2011. These new clinical studies will include, in part, a pivotal bioequivalence study with the modified REMOXY formulation to bridge to the clinical data related to the original REMOXY formulation, and an abuse-potential study with the modified formulation.
The FDA did not require any further drug efficacy trials. As previously disclosed, the complete response submission is not expected to occur prior to mid-2015.
Pfizer is our exclusive, worldwide partner for REMOXY (except as to Australia/New Zealand). We are eligible to receive from Pfizer a $15.0 million payment upon FDA approval of REMOXY. After commercial launch, we will receive from Pfizer a royalty of 20% of net sales of REMOXY in the United States, except as to the first cumulative $1.0 billion in net sales, which royalty is set at 15%. The royalty rate outside the U.S. is 10%.
In addition, we will also receive from Pfizer a supplemental payment of 6% to 11.5% of net sales, depending on the range of total dollar sales in each year. This supplemental payment is tied to the full amount of our financial obligations to Durect Corporation (Nasdaq:DRRX), our exclusive supplier of certain excipients.
Pfizer has returned to us all rights with respect to abuse-resistant formulations of hydrocodone, hydromorphone and oxymorphone. These drug assets now vest exclusively in PTI without any royalty or other obligation to Pfizer. We are now free to develop and commercialize these assets on our own or with a licensee of our choice, and may do so without notice or approval from Pfizer. Investigational New Drug (IND) applications for all three drug assets are in place with FDA. We have not yet made a decision to develop or to out-license the three drug assets.
AUSTIN, Texas, May 10, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pain Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq:PTIE) announced today that yesterday it received correspondence from Pfizer, Inc. (NYSE:PFE).
The company furnished the correspondence with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the submission of a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Pain Therapeutics will host a conference call on Monday, September 26th at 9:00am Eastern time to discuss the Complete Response Letter. To participate in this conference call please dial toll-free 1-877-407-4018 (U.S.) or 1-201-689-8471 (international).