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spatial interface design
spatial interface design: augmented reality and neuroscience
Augmented reality (AR), creators can use the space around participants to visualize media, enable participants to organise those aspects with their own, and share it all with peers face-to-face. This is a Spatial Interface.
META an augmented reality glasses company researched SPATIAL INTERFACE DESIGN GUIDES in collaboration with a diverse team of neuroscientists, led by Professor Stefano Baldassi (previously of Stanford University), UX designers and developers, advisers from industry and academia, and Meron Gribetz (founder and CEO of Meta), studying the way that the brain understands natural 3D interfaces.
Guideline 1
Think Spatial: Place Tools and Content in Space
Replace flat layouts of windows, menus, and buttons, with a Spatial Interface that arranges tools and content in 3D space around the user.
Arrange volumetric tools and content in space.
Cram traditional GUI elements (windows, icons, menus, etc.) into 2D panels.
UI Design Suggestions
1. Reconsider traditional windows and screen-based conventions
For example, don't place a "start menu" in space, since it was designed for a small screen and presents a cluttered mess of buttons, abstract icons, and tools.
2. Separate elements into two buckets: volume and content
Text and video are inherently flat, and should be contained within tangible 3D structures with their own sense of affordance. 3D models, on the other hand, may exist as free-standing objects of their own and their design should suggest their use.
3. Distinguishing between tools and content
Content is an experience in and of itself; it conveys information or some kind of sensory experience. Tools, on the other hand, serve the purpose of creating, modifying or in some way interacting with content. The "three-dimensional tool" needs to be based on the user's intuition, and the "content" may have an abstract and flat shape, or it may have a realistic and three-dimensional shape. For example, text and video are flat, but need to be embedded in some three-dimensional structure. On the other hand, since the 3D model is originally three-dimensional, it can exist as an independent object.
4. Avoid expandable or hidden menus in AR
Instead of imitating the flat world of traditional traditional UIs into a three-dimensional world as they are, it is necessary to get inspiration from actual work sites such as art studios and workshops. Instead of thinking about menus and buttons, you should think of tools that the user can actually grasp.
Minimize Abstractions: Design Tools with Volume and Affordances
Now that we understand how to arrange objects in space, how should we design the objects themselves? Replace abstract representations (like flat icons) with volumetric tools featuring physical characteristics that suggest their use without explicit instruction, leveraging the neuroscience of affordance.
Use realistic volumetric designs for tools and content, creating intuitive affordances for the user.
Represent objects with abstractions such as iconography
1. Design with affordances in mind
Design tools with affordances, which are physical characteristics that suggest how the tool should be grasped or used. For example, a holographic eraser might have grooves to invite grasping it on one side, and a flat surface for erasing on the other side. Objects and tools designed with affordance in mind are better than abstract icons. Can be understood quickly and deeply.
2. Build on the user's prior knowledge of a tool instead of defining your own
Design based on prior knowledge, to enhance usability. For example, don't reinvent the paintbrush in some radically new way.
3.Use tools only if direct hand manipulation is insufficient or biomechanically challenging
Direct hand interaction is preferable for most simple tasks, such as moving, rotating, or scaling an object.
4. Avoid use of buttons in AR as much as possible
For instance, rather than presenting a "send" button when the user writes an email, provide a mailbox that the user can drop the email into.
5. Compensate for lack of haptics with other sensory cues
For instance, consider synchronized audio cues when the user's hand interacts with tools and content, or build hybrid tools that mix digital interfaces with real-world objects, or use physical markers that permit holographic drawing in space.
You are the OS: Organize Holographic Files and Tools in the User's Environment
Replace the traditional abstract and complex hierachy of file systems with spatial organization of files that makes sense for people, it makes them easier to engage with.
Use the physical environment to create organization and structure.
Use the abstract, nested file systems of traditional UIs.
1 Use space as an organizational tool
For example, if the user places a holographic object in a specific area of a physical desk, their spatial memory of its placement makes it easy and faster to search later.
2 Use volumetric containers and holographic furniture
Also, the object should use a three-dimensional container rather than an abstract folder or file system. Unless these containers have a deep hierarchical structure, files can be easily retrieved ergonomically.
3 Don't overload the user's working memory with nesting
These containers should not be nested. Nesting overloads the user's spatial memory and makes the file unintuitive. If the application does need nesting, then do not exceed one level. Despite being commonplace in traditional UIs, a holographic drawer should not also feature hidden "sub-drawers" within it.
4. Preserve the user's spatial memory
When the user is selecting an object, other unselected objects should not be hidden Yes. This is because hiding impairs the integrity of the user's spatial memory. Highlight the selected object instead of hiding it.
5 Miniaturize content and tools to optimize space
On the other hand, miniaturizing content and tools (or vice versa) is effective in maximizing the user's workspace without disrupting spatial memory.
For example, family photos are routinely kept by the thousands in labeled albums, which can then be organized on shelves. This does not represent a violation of those principles because the photo albums are already exposed, and once opened, the user immediately arrives at the content they're looking for—hence one level of hierarchy deep. This use of furniture, simple grouping, and shallow nesting provides AR developers and designers with an effective model for organizing huge amounts of holographic content without the cognitive overhead of abstract file systems.
Touch to See: Use the Hands to Interact Directly
The brain naturally tends to recognize objects near the hand. The tools and the content they operate on should not be physically or spatially separated. That is, the user should not operate the content from a distance or mediate abstract objects such as gestures, buttons, and menus.
Use direct hand manipulation to use tools and interact with content.
Use remote gestures and abstract pointers.
1. Touch content to act on it
Tools, actions, and the content on which they operate should never be physically or spatially separated.
2. When grabbing¨ pushing¨ or expanding
It is necessary for the object to reflect the user's physical movements and movements such as grasping and spreading. It should not be associated with gestures that the user must first learn the action and function of, such as opening a fist or waving to spread an object.
3. Avoid gestures that require specialized knowledge or memorization
While power user shortcuts are enticing ways to speed up interaction with an interface, they leave behind most of humanity (the non-power users). Instead of discrete gestures, use affordances to encourage the user to interact with objects in more natural ways.
4. Persistence and the usage of tools
Tools intended for persistent use (such as a paint brush, a conductor's wand, or a flashlight) should realistically respond to the user's manipulation, instead of requiring a discreet hand gesture to activate or deactivate. For instance, the brush should draw when pressed against a surface, rather than in response to a separate trigger like a gesture or button press.
5. Proximity feedback is your friend
Provide proximity feedback when the user uses or touches an object or content. By doing this, it is possible to compensate for the lack of tactile sensation and emphasize collisions and movements. Glows and subtle audio cues are a good way to accent a collision or movement while compensating for the lack of haptics.
Do Not Disturb: Do not interrupt the User's Workflow
Spatial computing demands spatial notifications. Rather than interrupting the user's workflow with pop-ups, allow users to designate a separate container to passively collect incoming notifications. This allows the user to remain focused on their task, only stopping to check for updates when desired.
Establish a passive notification receptacle: non-intrusive, segregated from the task at hand by default, and easy to move.
Interrupt the user's task flow with active notifications and pop-ups.
1Separate designated areas
Allow the user to designate a container or space to collect incoming notifications away from their workspace, instead of interrupting them directly with pop-ups or alerts. This preserves the user's control over their experience by allowing them to focus on the task at hand, only breaking their concentration for updates when desired. Ideally, such a box would be located outside the user's field of view and at some reasonable distance, ensuring disruptions are avoided. As a default, prioritise the user's concentration, only allowing disruptive notifications when requested explicitly by the user.
2. Design tools for specific purposes
Certain tasks require bottom-up disruptions to break top-down flow (like when your timer beeps), and should be incorporated into tools designated for that specific purpose, but even these tools should mimic real world tools like alarm clocks and egg timers. Most importantly, the user should always understand how to turn off the sounds and visuals associated with alerts.
3 Allow for tailoring and flexibility
Create flexibility by allowing the user or developer to designate multiple boxes, and tailor them to receive certain kinds of notifications. For instance, one box might be associated with all social media apps from different services or people, while another might be for email only. A third box might handle all incoming phone calls, making it easy for the user to selectively allow calls to disrupt their work (by bringing this particular box closer to the workspace). Boxes can also be connected to specific people or groups, allowing for further organization of incoming notifications. Furthermore, the design of the box itself should use affordances to suggest its use, such as a lid that can be closed to mute notifications, or opened to enable them.
4 Consider gradual notifications over abrupt ones
Even if users choose to place notifications within their workspace, they should consider using gradual visual and audio cues instead of explosive alerts.
Avoid Surprises and Magic Tricks: Pair Actions with Intuitive Outcomes
Avoid "magical" events that appear unrelated to user behavior or earlier causes, or events that ignore the laws of physics as these only confound the user.
Create predictable connections between a user's actions and the result.
Use nonsensical, disorienting quirks and surprises.
1Avoid "magic" by tailoring outcomes to match the user's actions
Here, "Magic " refers to anything that confuses the intuitive sense of cause and effect. A magic wand, for example, is confusing because it looks more like a stick and there is no affordance associated with a particular task. Also, people can't predict the consequences of using it. On the other hand, most users will immediately know how to use an eraser; its use can be understood and its effects predicted with no additional explanation.
2. Use realistic physics to create intuitive object interactions and behavior
It also confuses the user when the object does not respond in a reasonable way.
For example, even if you gently push a holographic ice cube and slide it on a desk, do not fly across the room at 900 m / h. It is necessary to have a clear relationship between actions and effects.
3 Enforce causality with clear associations between action and effect
A sound triggered by a user's action should occur immediately in real-time and emanate from the appropriate location. Likewise, visual feedback such as glowing highlights, shadows, or physical deformations should be proportionate and spatially close to the event that triggered them.
The Holographic Campfire: Don't Obscure Hands and Faces with the UI
Our ancestors have evolved to face each other, both in pairs and in tribes. Therefore, we are very sensitive to the gaze of the eyes and the facial expressions of others, and the dedicated areas of the brain continuously perceive those sensations.
Our perception of the line of sight extends to its surroundings and is immediately noticed when someone else is looking at something of interest.
Avoid blocking eye contact, create shared spaces that encourage a mutual gaze, and ensure hands are visible while collaborating.
Replace UIs that disrupt eye contact with a shared space. Also, collaborate by directly manipulating shared content.
Obscure or occlude the face of others with interface elements, or use single modality collaboration, such as face-to-face collaboration without the hands or voice chat without video.
UI Design Suggestions
1. Promote unobstructed views
Avoid interfaces that occupy the entire field of view and obscure facial expressions—two significant components of personal communication. Within a shared physical space, interfaces should be arranged around users, not between them.
2. Support collaborative experiences when working in the same location
For example, a collaborative design tool should encourage all participants to manipulate the same object in the same place, as opposed to private instances visible to each individual separately.
3. Show hands when collaborating
The interface must clearly indicate the position of the user's hands. When a user's hands are within the sight of other users, the ability to learn from collaboration and demonstration increases.
4.When collaborating remotely¨ use 3D video of participants instead of avatars or virtual characters
Artificial expressions such as still images, icons, and virtual characters only reduce the accuracy of communication and improve cognitive burden and social anxiety.
Public by Default: Shared Understanding Reduces Anxiety Among Users
We have evolved to constantly observe the attitudes, movements, and behaviors of those around us in order to attempt the intentions of others, and to guess the minds of others. By default, other people's content should be viewable. All users should be able to see the same holographic environment, just as they see the same physical environment in the real world.
Make tools and content public by default. Maintain the ability to make
things private if needed.
Offer private, asymmetric UIs (like the ones seen in Google Glass).
1. By default¨ ensure content can be viewed by anyone else wearing a headset
All users should be exposed to the same holographic surroundings, just like we all see the same physical surroundings in the real world. When a user's content is hidden from other users in AR, the action appears to be in an empty space . To confuse. Furthermore, devices like Google Glass have demonstrated our distrust of private interfaces because they allow aggressive or invasive actions that can be performed secretly, even when face-to-face. Such practices may divide users, rather than encourage cooperation, and may contribute to social anxiety.
2. When privacy is necessary¨ use a blocking object like curtains or dividers
Do not simply make sensitive content invisible from the perspective of unauthorized users, as this creates a disparity between users that can lead to confusion and distrust. Instead, just as in real life, establish privacy with holographic curtains or dividers. This approach ensures a consistent experience across all users without confusion or mixed signals, and eliminates the disorienting sight of gestures performed on empty space.
3. Privacy is a function of etiquette¨ not a feature of the interface
Augmented reality is most powerful when treated as a single, shared space. Don't relegate privacy to an on/off switch that segregates user experiences. Confusion arises when this otherwise collaborative experience is unknowingly changed from one user to another for the sake of privacy or discretion. For example, a user who wishes to view financially sensitive information should do so within an interface that has privacy features, such as a curtain, divider, or display that can be tilted away from unwanted viewers. Users should design their own privacy within the rules of the shared space, as opposed to breaking the rules.
Augmented, Not Mixed, Reality: Enhance the User's Perception with Relevant Information
Rather than block out users' reality (as in virtual reality) or distort the user's reality (as in mixed reality), provide access to metadata about the world placed near by, without masking it—add something useful to people's understanding of their environment. Create an informative, powerful, and unobtrusive layer of digital information on top of the real
Present information and tools that reflect the user's reality and deepen their understanding of it.
Block or distort reality, whether fully or partially.
1. Complement the real world
When images and sentences added in the user's field of view by the AR (Augmented Reality) interface are added to the real world without discomfort, the user can understand them intuitively and effectively. Design interfaces to complement real-world objects, instead of masking or transforming them. For instance, a panel with a Wikipedia page about a flower placed near, but not occluding, the flower would be considered augmented reality. Consider a user that is able to touch a flower and learn about the amount of DNA s/he shares with it. This simplistic example demonstrates how one can enhance their connection with their surrounding environment.
2. The experience of turning the gym floor back to the surface of the pool, in contrast, causes unnecessary confusion and misleads the user about how it works.
This is because it changes or distorts the physical properties of the actual object.
3. Add value and insight for the user
Rich content should be displayed to provide information with as much clarity and depth as possible. Text, video, volumetric content, and the Web can all play a role in empowering the user with deeper understanding and connection to their world.
4 A note about use cases in gaming, In games, we recommend allowing virtual characters to pass through the actual user's environment, rather than "breaking walls" or covering them with overly distorted visuals. On the other hand, for certain uses, such as interior decoration, momentary changes in the environment are tolerated. This use case leads to changes and improvements in the physical properties of the real world.
The report is further summarised in these two blog posts:
https://realityrookie.com/2017/03/16/use-neuroscience-to-design-the-ar-interfaces-of-the-future/
https://qiita.com/A_kkie/items/37f5496838012791ae77
For the full report, together with example images and related neuroscience references, see:
https://pages.metavision.com/meta-augmented-reality-design-guidelines/
Immersive INTERFACE DESIGN
Immersing a Creative World into a Usable UI (USER INTERFACE)
UI designer Steph Chow discusses how to embed a game's world into its user interface (UI), and how to strike the right balance between player immersion and player usability.
Immersive game elements include characters, VFX (visual effects), environments and UI
UI is not just about bright juicy green buttons. UI is part of an immersive strategy.
AR AND UI IMMERSION
A big focus on camera visuals needs to be balanced by minimal game controls
The balance between familiarity and fantasy is also important
But there still needs to be a way to imply the AR world when the camera is off
VR and UI IMMERSION
A huge opportunity for immersive, in-game visuals and physical interactions
Animation, audio and haptic effects can also enhance player feedback
But complicated tasks still require explanatory visual interfaces and accessible buttons.
ENGAGEMENT IN UI IMMERSION
Players play games not just because they are fun, but because audiences grow to love the unique worlds (fictitious universes) in which they are set.
Details that go beyond characterisation like typography, colour palettes, shapes and iconography can help to keep a player immersed and engaged. Chow aims for a branded experience through both visuals as well as functionality.
The interface needs to be immersive and usable.
The process of embedding a game's world in its interface unfolds in 3 phases
Research, 2) Exploration and 3) Iteration
What is the visual culture behind your world?
This is the time to seek out the visual elements that make your world distinct. This can be inspired by history e.g. the 1950s American iconography of the Fallout Series
Or by Nature e.g. Paradise Bay, reminiscent of oceans and rocks
Or by Subcultures e.g. Splatoon 2 takes its inspiration from punk references, including graffiti.
Chow recommends taking research beyond google searches – e.g. watching movies, visiting museums
It's important to explore the spectrum offered by your ingredients
Diegetic (included in game-world, so seen and heard by in game-characters) vs non-diegetic (only visible to players)
Diegetic is more likely to be fully immersive, easy to grasp narratively and preserves the 4th wall
But if you have a lot of information to show it can be buried in a diegetic look
can help guide players through complex tasks by clearly separating game-play challenges from the detailed content. Needs to be designed carefully however to avoid distraction and further complicating the task.
Deciding between these 2 approaches depends upon 3 things
Amount of platform screen space
The complexity of the game mechanics e.g. simple game mechanic vs complex strategy
How player is interacting with the game (touch, controller, camera)
Skeuomorphic vs flat
Skeumorphic (incorporating non-functional design elements) creates a sense of familiarity by emulating materials whilst flat design stays true to its medium (ignoring colourful details to focus instead upon the inventory, for example, and its function in the game).
It's worth exploring different layout options to judge the best approach.
Can provide both immersion and usability – draws upon familiarity to improve clarity, makes functions and form clear in the visuals
Actions can communicate timing urgencies, be pinned to interactions, direct player attention and create a sense of pace.
Iteration: To find the balance between narrative impact and usability
Things to evaluate
Readability – Has the interface been over-designed to the point of confusion?
Personality – Are the brand's keywords visually implied in the design?
Implication – Are interactive and non-interactive elements distinct and clear?
Scale – What is the memory load of your design?
Also keep usability heuristics in mind
Visibility of system status
Match between system and the real world (e.g. using conversational language)
User control and freedom (e.g. providing clear abort, or restart procedures)
Consistency and standards
Error prevention
Recognition rather than recall
Flexibility and efficiency of use
Aesthetic and minimalist design
Help users recognise, diagnose and recover (e.g. with simple error messages that point to solutions)
(Easily discoverable) Help and documentation
Chow, Steph. 2018/2020. Immersing a creative world into a usable UI U.S.: Game Developers Conference.
The USW Audience of the Future research team is compiling a summary collection of recent research in the field of immersive, and enhanced reality media
Accessible Media
Alternate Reality Game
AR Core
AR Design
AR Glasses
AR UI
Audience Journey
Audience Journey Research
Augmented Fiction
Augmented User Interface
Dialogue Systems
Digital Fiction
Embodied Interaction
Experience Creation
Experimental Games
Fiction Engineering
Full Motion Video Games
Game Writing
Honeypot Effect
I-docs
Immersive Design
Immersive Heritage
Immersive Storytelling
Immersive UI
Inclusive Design
Interactive Factual
Interactive Movies
Interactive Narrative
Location Based Games
Locative Media Technology
Mobile Storytelling
Narrascope
Non-verbal Interactions
Para-social
Participatory Urbanism
Physical Interaction
Ralph Koster
Social Game-play
Spatial Interface
Strong Concepts
Technology Acceptance
Ubicomp
User Experience Design Guide
User-experience Design Guide
Virtual Reality Non-fiction
Virtual Reality UI
VRNF
Walking Simulators
Wandering Games
Writing Augmented Reality
Writing Virtual Reality


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Tag Archives: Juniper Creek
Big Love – "The Mighty and Strong"
"The Mighty and Strong"
Big Love has always dealt with, by design, the trials and tribulations of Bill Henrickson and his extended family, reaching back into the depths of Juniper Creek and into the three houses that sit side-by-side in a Utah suburb. But over time, we've come to meet people who are connected to this extended family in different ways than the "family," people who are part of this world without necessarily being part of Bill's drama.
"The Mighty and Strong" certainly doesn't refer to Bill Henrickson, bully, with its title, nor does it refer to his three wives who are all struggling to come to terms with their current situations. Rather, it seems to refer to the people who are on the periphery, the people who are there for these characters when their worlds start to unravel or who are there to offer a critical gaze on the actions being undertaken. They are, in a sense, what we imagine ourselves to be in this world: someone who will cut through the politics, but through the sensationalism, and just treat these people like human beings rather than pieces in a elaborate puzzle.
And, unfortunately, they're people that the show's central characters don't always appreciate as much as they should.
Filed under Big Love
Tagged as Aaron Paul, Adaleen, Alby, Amanda Seyfried, Barb, Ben, Bill Henrickson, Bill Paxton, Build with Bill, Douglas Smith, Entertainment, Episode 4, Ginnifer Goodwin, HBO, J.J., Jodene, Juniper Creek, Margene, Nicki, Review, Roman Grant, Sarah, Scott, Season 4, State Senate, Television, TV
Season Premiere: Big Love – "Free at Last"
Big Love is a show that's all about high stakes, although it's a show where its idea of high stakes tends to oscillate. As I wrote about on Sunday, my relationship with the show is very new, and somewhat mixed: I appreciate many parts of the show, but I have my concerns with how it balances its various story elements. When the stakes are high because of nuanced character interactions and slowly-building plot elements, the show is television drama at its finest; when the show defines its stakes in terms of Juniper Creek's particular brand of insanity, or with any sense of comic zaniness, the show feels false in a way that does it no favours.
Unfortunately, the season is starting on a sour note, as "Free at Last" is a sad irony of an episode: no one is actually free, and the sheer volume of contrivances necessary to achieve that lack of freedom has weighted the show down considerably. There is some potential in these stories, but the episode glosses over so many issues in the early going that any sense of momentum or coherency coming out of Season Three has been damaged coming out of the gate, even if the show might eventually be able to turn this chaos into something substantial in the season to come.
Tagged as Alby, Amanda Seyfried, Barb, Bill, Casino, Corpse, Episode 1, Frank, Free at Last, HBO, Hericksons, Juniper Creek, Kenny Rogers, Lois, Margene, Nicki, Polygamy, Premiere, Roman Grant, Season 4, Season Premiere
Big Like: Appreciation vs. Adoration in Three Seasons of HBO's Big Love
Big Like: Appreciation vs. Adoration for Three Seasons of HBO's Big Love
About a month ago, I pulled my copy of Big Love Season 1 off of my "DVDs I bought but never watched" shelf and popped the first disc into my DVD player. It was a show that I missed because of its strange schedule, the first two seasons airing before I got "really" into serious dramatic television and the third season only airing after a considerably long gap. So while some critics were calling Big Love's third season (which aired early in 2009) its best, and while the show turned up on multiple "Best of" lists at the end of the year, I was definitely out of the loop with an impulse purchased Season 1 DVD set waiting for the day when I would eventually decided to catch up.
Now that this moment has finally come, I'm discovering just why Big Love is such a divisive show amongst critics. Maureen Ryan posted a great piece this week on the idea that there are shows which you know are good, but that you also know are not the right show for you. She lists Big Love (and Breaking Bad, which is also sitting on the aforementioned shelf) as examples of this phenomenon, and I can entirely see where she's coming from. Meanwhile, critics like James Poniewozik and Jace Lacob are very much in love with the series, while Alan Sepinwall sits in that critical position of wanting the show to focus more on the parts he finds interesting (which, considering how the show toyed with this idea at points of the third season, is not an unreasonable desire).
Considering the nature of the television critics' community, when I catch up with a show I can't help but place my own thoughts in context of their own. And when it comes to HBO's Big Love, I sit somewhere between appreciation and adoration, mediating my enjoyment of the show's complex personal relationships and value systems with my frustration with some of the show's pacing. The third season has gone a long way to convincing me, however, that despite my reservations at times, this is a show that is "for me."
It might, however, be a show for me to like instead of love when it returns for its fourth season tonight at 9pm ET on HBO and HBO Canada.
[Spoilers for the first three seasons of Big Love after the jump]
Tagged as Bill Henrickson, Bill Paxton, Chloe Sevigny, Come Ye Saints, DVD, Ginnifer Goodwin, HBO, HBO Canada, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Juniper Creek, Margene, Nicki, Polygamy, Review, Reviews, Roman, Sarah, Season 3, Season 4, UEB
For weeks people were like "Myles, you keep giving #Shameless a C-, when are you going to break out the D," and aft… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 14 minutes ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You can kill hornets and wasps by one thing most people have in their loos- hairspray. Use aerosol hairspray to spray their nests successfully sealing the larvae within the nest. If you're being bothered by adult wasps,simply level and spray immediately at the hornet to cease him in his tracks. You need to by no means tolerate pest into your home. If you don't take action straight away, the scenario will get worse. An pest-infested home will lose its worth, the pest will injury the home and some pest can actually transmit illnesses to pets and in some circumstances to people.
If you wish to rid your home of silverfish, do that tip. Leave a wet newspaper out in a single day. Many individuals have discovered this to be effective, seeing all of the silverfish on the paper. Seize the silverfish shortly and toss them into an outside trash container. Bugs and different kinds of pests love clutter. It offers them a number of shelter and locations to cover. While you scale back the quantity of litter in and around your house, you are decreasing the habitat for these pests. Take away outdated garments, books, bins, and other litter from around your private home to reduce your chances of an infestation.
If you happen to see ants in your house, comply with them. This should show you how to uncover the place they are getting in at. More often than not they'll find a crack or crevice near a window or the molding. As soon as you recognize the place the issue is originating from, put down a little laundry detergent (assuming you don't have children or pets that can get to it) to create a temporary repair. Having exterior lights on your property will be nice for entertaining or for preventing burglars from breaking in, however they can additionally entice pests. Use pink, orange or yellow bulbs open air, as these colors are much less engaging to bugs.
Unclog any drains that will have clogging points. Pests are drawn to that kind of natural material build up. Even just a minor clog can lead to roaches and flies coming into your property. Picking up some type of liquid de-clogger or a de-clogging snake tool will do the trick. If you recycle, that is likely to be something pests find engaging. Place your recycle bin exterior in a safe container. If this isn't doable, then rinse every thing you set in your inside bin. It's best to use sealed recycling containers everytime you do away with your rubbish in order that you do not attract pests.
You may also mix the powder with sugar to bait them.
Search for attainable entry factors round your property. Bugs and animals could be very creative when it comes to breaking into your private home. When you've got observed a new drawback, it's possible that they discovered a brand new manner in. Take a look around the exterior and inside house and seal any probably entryways for pests. Pesticides can have devastating results on the setting. It's best to rigorously assess the dangers earlier than using these merchandise. Don't use pesticides in case you are situated near a stream or a spot where children play. In the event you use a pesticide inside your property, open the home windows to let the poisonous chemical compounds out.
Comply with the trail ants take into your home. Learn the way they're getting into the dwelling. You can then use several strategies to maintain the ants away from your property. Citrus oil, cinnamon, cayenne pepper, lemon juice and low grounds are all choices. Store blankets, sweaters, quilts and other bedding and clothes in chests lined with cedar. The pure resin of cedar wooden repels moths and different pests with out harming fabrics. You may also use cedar hangers in your closet or place small planks of cedar in your drawers or storage containers for a similar impact.
For those who wish to cut back pests, then you want to cut back your home's litter. Your property has many places which can be utilized as a catch-all, akin to tables, bookshelves, counters, and so on. Eliminate clutter in your home and you'll successfully get rid of a lot of pest habitat. Did you know that bugs and pests can get into your own home by cracks or holes in your partitions? Examine the surface of your property for any cracks or holes. Depending on the kind of materials your own home is fabricated from, fill them with caulk to maintain out the bugs and pests.
A simple repair for this situation is to easily place a pie plate of stale beer around the backyard. The slugs love this and can crawl in and drown within the stale beer.


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Massage Therapy Foundation Looking for Runners for Their Team at the 2016 Boston Marathon
MASSAGE Magazine
The Massage Therapy Foundation (MTF) is pleased to announce that the John Hancock Non-Profit Marathon Program has granted us with three invitational entries (bibs) for the 2016 Boston Marathon.
MTF is looking for three qualified runners to be a part of the Team MTF-Running for Research. The selected runners will have a chance to participate in an event of a lifetime as well as raise money for the Massage Therapy Foundation. This is not an opportunity to be missed. Team MTF will be running in one of the world's largest marathons.
Last year's team consisted of three massage therapists; John Combe, Nathan Nordstrom, and Angie Parris-Raney. All three runners finished the race and raised over $43,200 for the profession.
Massage Therapy Foundation President, Jerrilyn Cambron, L.M.T., D.C., M.P.H., Ph.D., states, "We are so excited to be given the opportunity to participate once again in such an amazing program. We had an incredible team last year, and I am looking forward to finding out who the 2016 runners will be."
For 30 years, John Hancock has been the principal sponsor of the Boston Marathon. Each year John Hancock donates guaranteed running spots in the prestigious Boston Marathon to select non-profits, which recruit runners to raise money for their causes.
Last year, marathon participants ran on behalf of more than 200 non-profit organizations and raised $28.3 million for charity in the 119th running of the Boston Marathon. This includes $15.6 million raised through the Boston Athletic Association's Official Charity Program, $10.6 million raised through the John Hancock Non-Profit Marathon Program, and $2.1 million raised by qualified and other invitational runners.
The Boston Marathon is a world class event that brings together runners from around the world. The 2016 race will take place on Monday, April 18.
Applications for Team MTF-Running for Research runners are now available on the Massage Therapy Foundation website. The application deadline is November 15, 2015.
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text:
GALAHAD Merchandise
Non-Album Downloads & Streaming
History and Line-ups
Trackography
When The Battle Is Over: CD - Sold out but can be downloaded from our Galahad Bandcamp site
Avalon Records is proud to present an 'unexpected' new album by Galahad off shoot project the 'Galahad Electric Company'.
During these strange times in which we have found ourselves over the last few months it appears that Dean Baker and Stu Nicholson have tapped in to a rich vein of creativity resulting in a substantial collection of new music and songs.
Therefore, the time seemed right to re-activate the 'Galahad Electric Company' for the first time in over 20 years resulting in a new album 'When the Battle is Over'.
Much of the material is in a more 'electronic' vein as you would expect from Dean who, after all, is the Galahad keyboard player, but there are also a few musical surprises in order to mix things up a bit.
Also, due to more constraints than normal as far as the recording process was concerned a certain amount of experimentation was involved with some of the songs, a few of which were ad-libbed and written in an almost 'stream of consciousness' manner!
Stu remarked "This is the first album we have ever recorded whereby neither of us have actually been in the same room at the same time at any point! The actual main writing and recording process only took about five weeks in May and June which is very quick for us! In fact, it was a very easy, fun and quick album to write and record which should, in theory, always be the case but quite often isn't. "
The end result is an eclectic mixture of music and songs, examples of which are an adaptation of a poem by the famous 19th Century Dorset dialect poet and friend of Thomas Hardy, William Barnes (My Orcha'd in Linden Lea) and even Stu's cat Sammy Gorgeous contributes 'meows' to 'Mysterioso. There are also nods to dance, trip hop, folk, krautrock and even opera and gospel influences, all scattered throughout.
© 2011 Galahad


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【 Easy to install 】-place the big clip of the table tennis net on the table and fix it on the table.


Dell Vostro 3550, Windows 10 and Office 2010. Great condition and has a 128Gb SSD with 4Gb Ram (DDR3). So it is a very fast laptop. i5 4 core processor. Bluetooth. Finger printer scanner.. Intel Graphics. USB 3, Backlit keyboard. Wifi - Group N adapter. AC adapter. DVD writer. Webcam, A very nice machine, and fully reloaded with a fresh copy of Windows ready to go.


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Shortly before 4:00 a.m. fire crews were alerted to a fire in a shopping plaza. The fire was under control by 5:00 a.m., due in part to the activation of the building's fire sprinkler. The fire's origin was a sofa, and the cause appears to be a nearby lamp. No injuries were reported in the incident.


Sophia Bush Dress Herve Leger Grey Bandage Dress [Sophia Bush Dress Herve Leger Gr] - $140.00 : Herve Leger Online Store,Herve Leger Outlet.
didn't skimp on the accessories, wearing some diamond earrings and a silver-beaded bracelet with some sassy grey, suede platforms.
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Here's a change in pace for once.
| General Discussion (Anxiety Free Zone) | Music / Audio | Topic: Here's a change in pace for once. 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
A few old ditty's from the past to bring on a smile and a short break in the daily cycle of Shaking our Heads at whats happening to the world around us.
Re: Here's a change in pace for once.
You're gonna LOVE this one too.These two are just 2 of my 260 Favorite hits from 1960 to present I keep on a USB for driving tunes..
| General Discussion (Anxiety Free Zone) | Music / Audio | Topic: Here's a change in pace for once.


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text:
TargetQ Views
Research, analysis, and thoughts on retirement investments & the future of personalization
Target Date Fund Exposure: The Next 10 Years
It's a bit hard to believe, but we just said goodbye to the 2010's and entered a new decade. We can fondly look back at the past decade, though, while wondering what the next decade will bring.
Control Tower, Cleared to Land?
All 2020 Target Date Funds reach their target year in 2020 but not all will take action. Why? Because every glide path is different.
Target Date Fund Basics
Target Date Funds (TDFs) are designed to reduce equity exposure as the target date approaches, becoming more conservative as participants age.
It's the holiday season once again. With the numerous parties that often come at this time of year, whether it be with coworkers, friends, or family, quite often the celebration involves food, drinks, and hard to resist treats! The preparations for these parties often include menu planning, such as depicted in the best Christmas movie ever, National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation.
TDF Holdings: Active vs Passive (vs Both!)
It's the holiday season once again, and for the kid in us, it's time to look forward to unwrapping presents. It's not unusual to be surprised by what's inside the box. Sometimes it's for the best but, unfortunately, sometimes it's for the worse.
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Foundations of TargetQ Views
What is A Glide Path?
The Importance of Glide Path Analysis
How Do Target Date Funds Work?
Target Date Fund Indices
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About TargetQ Views
Everyone has a different target for retirement which may lead to questions. TargetQ Views is a resource designed to inform your research in developing a personalized investment strategy for retirement accounts. Follow along to see our thoughts on the market, investments, technology, and industry trends in the one-size-fits-all dominated retirement space.
The opinions expressed herein are those of Stadion Money Management and are subject to change without notice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Investments are subject to risk, and any of Stadion's investment strategies may lose value.
Stadion and the Stadion S are registered service marks of Stadion Money Management, LLC. All rights reserved.
Investment advisory services and products provided by Stadion Money Management, LLC, a registered investment adviser. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. More information about Stadion's investment advisory services can be found in its Form ADV Part 2, which is available upon request.


text:
Q: To Have Eclipse 4.5 in Path? I downloaded the precompiled Eclipse Mars 4.5 in the official site here.
Pseudocode

*

*Extract the tarball eclipse-jee-mars-2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz

*Move extracted Eclipse directory to some location where it can be at PATH.

*eclipse
Sjsam's contribution [so deprecate this way]

*

*Extract the tarball eclipse-jee-mars-2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz

*sudo mv eclipse /usr/local/bin/ where /usr/local/bin/ in my PATH

*sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/bin/

*eclipse
Output

and in Terminal

Gtk-Message: GtkDialog mapped without a transient parent. This is
  discouraged.

The README does not have Unix installation instructions, just Windows one.
Additions to garethTheRed's answer
I did
sudo mv eclipse /usr/local/
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/local/eclipse
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/local/eclipse
sudo ln -s /usr/local/eclipse/eclipse /usr/local/bin/eclipse
eclipse

Done!

How can you have Eclipse 4.5 in your Path?

A: The problem is caused because you moved eclipse to a location outside the directory where you installed it.
Instead of moving eclipse to a directory in your path, create soft link to the executable.  Assuming Eclipse is extracted within your home directory:
sudo ln -s /home/masi/eclipse/eclipse /usr/local/bin/eclipse

You can then run eclipse without prefixing it with the path.

A: First of all moving eclipse binary to /usr/local/bin/ was a bad move.
Many executables need to to link to dynamic link libraries - usually called shared objects or .so - to work properly.
When you moved eclipse to /usr/local/bin you might have forgotten to move its corresponding shared objects to the same location and that is why you got :

The Eclipse executable was unable to locate its companion shared
  library

The solution here should be simple.

*

*Move Eclipse back to its original place.

*Run pwd to see the absolute name of the parent directory

*Append export PATH=$PATH:/folder/you/got/in/the/above/step to /home/your_user_name/.bashrc

*Start a new shell session

*Run eclipse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fritz Güttinger (* 30. Januar 1907 in Zürich; † 21. Mai 1992 ebenda) war ein Schweizer Übersetzer, Pädagoge und Literaturwissenschaftler.

Leben
Fritz Güttinger kam am 30. Januar 1907 in Zürich als Sohn des Sekundarlehrers Johann Friedrich Güttinger und der Emma, geborene Duttweiler, zur Welt. Güttinger studierte Germanistik und Anglistik an der Universität Zürich, wo er 1938 promoviert wurde. In der Folge unterrichtete er von 1946 bis 1975 Englisch an der Kantonsschule Winterthur. Außerdem war er Literaturkritiker bei der Neuen Zürcher Zeitung, beim Bund und bei Der Tat. Er trat als Übersetzer englischsprachiger Klassiker hervor, insbesondere Boswells und Melvilles. Außerdem leistete er Maßgebliches zur Analyse des Stummfilms und war eng befreundet mit Thornton Wilder.

Fritz Güttinger heiratete im Jahr 1960 Elsbeth Charlotte, geborene Mahler. Er verstarb 85-jährig, am 21. Mai 1992, in seiner Geburtsstadt Zürich.

Wirken
Fritz Güttinger veröffentlichte 1944 die erste vollständige deutsche Ausgabe von Moby Dick. Als Filmsammler und -historiker galt sein besonderes Interesse dem Stummfilm als sinnliche Erfahrung und ästhetisches Phänomen. Seine sprachwissenschaftliche Annäherung an den Film machte in der Schweiz und in Deutschland Schule.

Im Jahr 1969 wurde Fritz Güttinger mit dem Preis der Max Geilinger-Stiftung für seine gesamten Übersetzungen englischsprachiger Literatur ausgezeichnet.

Werke (Auswahl)
 Die romantische Komödie und das deutsche Lustspiel, Huber, Frauenfeld u. a. 1939 (= Wege zur Dichtung. Band 34, , zugleich Dissertation an der Universität Zürich ).
 Zielsprache. Theorie und Technik des Übersetzens. Manesse, Zürich 1963 ().
 Ein Stall voll Steckenpferde. Über amerikanische und englische Literatur, nicht ganz ohne Film. Manesse, Zürich 1966 ().
 Der Stummfilm im Zitat der Zeit. Deutsches Filmmuseum, Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-88799-005-6.
 Köpfen Sie mal ein Ei in Zeitlupe! Streifzüge durch die Welt des Stummfilms. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zürich 1992, ISBN 3-85823-373-0.

Literatur

 Neue Zürcher Zeitung, vom 5. Juni 1992.
 Kintop. Bd. 1, 1992, , S. 100–102.

Weblinks

Literaturwissenschaftler
Anglist
Autor
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literatur (Schweiz)
Schullehrer
Sachliteratur
Essay
Übersetzer aus dem Englischen
Übersetzer ins Deutsche
Literaturkritiker
Schriftsteller (Zürich)
Schweizer
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 1992
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Billboards with the coat of arms of counterintelligence of SBU appeared at the Russian Embassy in Kiev
Billboards with the emblem of the counterintelligence of the security Service of Ukraine appeared near the Russian Embassy in Kiev and consulates in Odessa and Lviv to the Day of Russia, reported on Friday a press-service SB.
Russia day is celebrated on June 12.
"The Russian Embassy in Kiev and consulates in Odessa and Lviv, there were billboards with the emblem of counterintelligence of the security Service of Ukraine. And in Kharkov - a good Patriotic mural. Greetings from the SBU to the so-called "Day of Russia", - stated in the message SAT in the Telegram.
Relations between Moscow and Kiev deteriorated on the background of the situation in the Donbass. Ukrainian authorities have repeatedly accused Russia of meddling in the internal Affairs of the country. In January 2015 the Verkhovna Rada adopted the statement in which Russia is called "an aggressor country". Russia charges Ukrainian side denies and calls unacceptable. Moscow has repeatedly stated that it is not a party to domestic conflict and is interested in Kiev overcame political and economic crisis.
The Ukrainian authorities in April 2014 began a military operation against the breakaway LC and the DNI, which declared independence after a coup in Ukraine in February 2014. According to the latest UN victims of the conflict were about 13 thousand people. The settlement of the situation in the Donbass is discussed, including during meetings in Minsk the contact group, which from September 2014 adopted three documents regulating the steps to de-escalate the conflict. However, after the armistice agreements between the parties to the conflict continue shooting.
#The security service of Ukraine
#The Verkhovna Rada Of Ukraine


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text:
Q: Magento 2.3.2 Element 'sequence': This element is not expected. Expected is ( module ) I'm using module Sebwite/SmartSearch. When i try to command line:
php bin/magento dev:tests:run default

It show a bug:
Failed asserting that an array is empty.
D:\xampp7212\htdocs\alothemess\bigsale\dev\tests\static\testsuite\Magento\Test\Integrity\Xml\SchemaTest.php:45
D:\xampp7212\htdocs\alothemess\bigsale\vendor\magento\framework\App\Utility\AggregateInvoker.php:56
D:\xampp7212\htdocs\alothemess\bigsale\dev\tests\static\testsuite\Magento\Test\Integrity\Xml\SchemaTest.php:48

Data set: /app/code/Sebwite/SmartSearch/etc/module.xml
Error validating D:/xampp7212/htdocs/alothemess/bigsale/app/code/Sebwite/SmartSearch/etc/module.xml against urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd
Array
(
    [0] => Element 'sequence': This element is not expected. Expected is ( module ).
Line: 12

)

Content of file /app/code/Sebwite/SmartSearch/etc/module.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright © 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 *
 * Author: Sebwite
 */
-->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd">
    <module name="Sebwite_SmartSearch" setup_version="2.0.0"/>
    <sequence>
        <module name="Magento_CatalogSearch"/>
        <module name="Magento_Search"/>
    </sequence>
</config>

A: Opening module tag should have a closing tag:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright © 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 *
 * Author: Sebwite
 */
-->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd">
    <module name="Sebwite_SmartSearch" setup_version="2.0.0"/>
      <sequence>
         <module name="Magento_CatalogSearch"/>
         <module name="Magento_Search"/>
      </sequence>
    </module>
</config>


Comstock Lodge condominiums offer an excellent location across from the ski shuttle stop to Snow Park Lodge at Deer Valley Resort, and directly on the free shuttle route. Wonderful log cabin atmosphere, custom furnishings, great views, private hot tub and master suites make this the perfect getaway in Deer Valley. Each condominium features a spacious living room, fully-equipped kitchen, fireplace, elevator access and underground parking. You'll enjoy wonderful views of the Deer Valley ponds, making Comstock Lodge a great getaway for the entire family in summer or winter.
This upgraded 2-bedroom/2-bath condo features an kitchen with granite counters and stainless appliances, dining area, and living room with gas river rock fireplace. The bathrooms have been beautifully updated with granite sinktops, slate tile, glass showers and contemporary fixtures. Bedding includes a king in the first bedroom, king in the second bedroom, and queen sofa sleeper in the living room. Watch the snow fall from the private outdoor hot tub as you soak away sore muscles from a long day on the slopes. For our summer guests, this unit does not have air conditioning; however, a fan has been provided in each bedroom for your comfort.


Fido is the inspiration behind this work. He gives me a lot of information about himself, which I in turn want to share with you. He loves humans more than his own.
I firmly believe pedigree and breed may have very little to do with the character of a dog (or pets). What I learnt from Fido, a stray dog found on streets.. was that if you love him enough he will love you 100%.
Now, Fido is old and needs me more, which I believe I can give till the end.
Hi I'm Alex. Fido is the only pet thus far who impressed me 100%. I believe every pet when treated well will give 100% to his master. Hence this information site.


text:
Q: symfony 1.4 and strange 403 forbidden error We have dev server and production server and it happens only in production server.
When we access the site with http://[domain].com/index.php , it is working fine.
But if we access with slash at the end http://[domain].com/index.php/ , it shows 403 forbidden error.
The strange thing is, it also shows 403 forbidden error when there is /xxx.php/ or /xxx.asp/ or /xxx.js/. It seems it doesn't redirect to index.php in these cases.
If we access like /abc/ or /abc.a/ or etc, it redirect to index.php and shows symfony 404 error which is correct.
Anyone has experience this situation?

A: RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L]
RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L]

place it in your .htaccess file root folder.

A: Have you tried to modify your .htaccess file in your web root? i.e add the following rule:
RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]

This way the URLs ending with the trailing slash will be normalized as if the didn't have it


Earwig Academic, part of the EDUCATE programme's cohort 4 intake, has been mentioned in a Department for Education (DfE) report into the future of assessment of pupils with special needs and disabilities.
The report, Piloting the 7 aspects of engagement for summative assessment: qualitative evaluation, published in November, is an evaluation of the findings of a pilot designed to explore the use of the 7 aspects of engagement approach as a method of summative assessment for pupils not engaged in subject-specific learning.
Ministers want to roll out a new approach to assessing pupils with complex needs from 2020, which will focus on their abilities in special areas such as awareness, curiosity and anticipation.
Earwig Academic, a tool for teachers to record, track and assess pupils, particularly children with special needs, is mentioned as one of the on-line platforms used by some of the pilot school to monitor pupil progress and outcomes using their chosen assessment methods.
Earwig offers teachers a granular and flexible way of keeping records and is suitable for using wide variants that may be necessary for some pupils. It allows teachers to input data easily, including information about the specific curriculum they are using, so they can benchmark pupils against what they are achieving, and customise it for any individual child's needs.
Peter Gelardi, Earwig Academic's CEO, said: 'The DfE's requirements for the on-going assessment of special needs children has become much more comprehensive in recent years and the software designed for this purpose ten or fifteen years ago simply can't provide schools with what they need.


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text:
Q: Evaluating $\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{ GPF(n) GPF(n+1)}\,$, where $\operatorname{ GPF}(n)$ is the greatest prime factor $\operatorname{ GPF}(n)=$Greatest prime factor of $n$, eg. $\operatorname{ GPF}(17)=17$, $\operatorname{ GPF}(18)=3$.
$\operatorname{ LPF}(n)=$Least prime factor of $n$, eg. $\operatorname{ LPF}(17)=17$, $\operatorname{ LPF}(18)=2$.
$P_n=n$'th prime number, eg. $P_5=11$.
How to evaluate convergence/divergence/value of the sums
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n\operatorname{ LPF}(n)}\,?$$
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{P_n\operatorname{ LPF}(n)}\,?$$
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\operatorname{ GPF}(n)\operatorname{ GPF}(n+1)}\,?$$
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\operatorname{ GPF}(n)\operatorname{ GPF}(n+1)\operatorname{ GPF}(n+2)}\,?$$
How to prove this diverges?
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\operatorname{ GPF}(n)\operatorname{ GPF}(n+1)\operatorname{ GPF}(n+2)...\operatorname{ GPF}(n+1000)}\,?$$
Related:
Evaluating $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n\operatorname{ GPF}(n)}$, where $\operatorname{ GPF}(n)$ is the greatest prime factor

A: I can prove the third series diverges, but I don't believe it is known whether or not the fourth, or the more general series, converge.  (It is a hard problem, see the remarks at the end)
There is a very good survey paper on integers without large prime factors by Hildebrand and Tenenbaum. They go over the history of results about $\psi(x,y),$ and the Dickmann Debruijn function. For your particular question, we are interested in
$$\psi_F(x,y):=\left|\left\{ 1\leq n\leq x:\ P\left(F(n)\right)\leq y\right\} \right|$$
where $F$ is any integer valued polynomial.  There are few results regarding general polynomials, and some regarding particular cases, fortunately one of which fits exactly this problem.  In Hildebrand's paper On integer sets containing strings of consecutive integers, he proves that for $F(x)=\prod_{1\leq j\leq k}(x+j)$, we have $$\psi_F(x,x^\alpha)\asymp_{\alpha,k} x$$ provided $\alpha>e^{-1/(k-1)}.$  Now, I could not access the paper on the Cambridge journal site, so I have not actually read it, but this result is referred to in the related paper Polynomials values free of large prime factors by Dartyge, Martin and Tenenbaum which is where I first saw it.
Divergence of third series: For $k=2$, the number of $n\leq x$ such that $n(n+1)$ has no prime factors greater then $x^{1/e+\delta}$ is bounded below by a positive constant multiple of $x$.  From this it follows that the set $$S:=\{n:\ P(n),\ P(n+1)\leq n^{\frac{1}{e}+\delta}\}$$ is dense in the integers.** Since $$\frac{1}{P(n)P(n+1)}\geq \frac{1}{P(n(n+1))^2},$$ by restricting the sum to the set $S$, we are summing $\frac{1}{n^{0.74}}$ over dense subset of integers, and hence the series diverges.  (A monotonic positive sequence whose series diverges, still diverges when restricted to any dense subset)
The problem for the fourth series and higher:  We could try the same thing for the fourth series, and look at $k=3$ above.  However, we can only take $\alpha=\frac{1}{\sqrt{e}}\approx 0.6$, and we have three terms which takes us to $n^{1.8}$, and that series converges.  If we could lower the bound on $\alpha$ in Hildebrand's Theorem to $\alpha>\frac{1}{k+\delta}$ instead of $\alpha>e^{-1/(k-1)}$, then the series would diverge for any number of consecutive terms.  I think this is likely true, and proving it would be interesting, but it is not that easy.
** We have to be careful when switching from $P(n)\leq x^{1/e+\delta}$ on an interval, to showing the set $S$ is dense, since $S$ is defined with the condition $P(n)\leq n^{1/e+\delta}$.  To make the switch rigorously, lets take $\delta/2$, and then look at the interval $(x^{1-\delta/2},x)$.  We know there will be at least $cx$ integers $n$ such that $n(n+1)$ has no prime factor greater then $x^{1/e+\delta/2}$.  For these $n$, the same condition holds with $P(n(n+1))\leq n^{1/e+\delta}$, so there are at least $cx$ integers $n\in S$.  This holds for every interval, so $S$ is dense.

A: The first diverges, just look at the terms with even $n$. The sum of these "is" $\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{4k}$.
The second diverges, by Euler's result on divergence of $\sum\frac{1}{p_n}$. Note that Euler's result implies that $\sum \frac{1}{p_{2n}}$ diverges, and putting an additional $2$ in the denominator doesn't help.
The third problem is potentially difficult. Convergence, if it happens, will be very slow.

A: I suspect that the asymptotic density of integers $n$ with $GPF(n) \le \sqrt{n}$ is positive (and I wouldn't be surprised if this is provable).  That being the case, it's also likely (but maybe not provable with current techniques) that the asymptotic density of integers $n$ with $GPF(n) GPF(n+1) \le n$ is also positive, and therefore that series 3 diverges.
EDIT: in fact, the asymptotic density of integers with $GPF(n) \le \sqrt{n}$ is $\rho(2) = 1 - \ln 2$ where $\rho$ is the Dickman-de Bruijn function.

A: While I don't have an answer for the third problem, I think it's worth pointing out the difference between this and the previous problem that makes this problem almost certainly intractable while so much progress was made on the other.  The question about $\Sigma 1/n\mathrm{GPF}(n)$ has, despite the sum up front, an essentially multiplicative nature - the fact that $n$ is bundled with its own greatest prime factor allows the sum to be turned 'inside out' and expressed in terms of a sum over primes, letting convergence be proved by comparing sequences.
By contrast, this problem bundles $n$ with $n+1$, layering an additive structure on the problem - and virtually nothing is known about the additive structure of primes and factoring.  I think it's safe to say that there's a general consensus that factoring 'behaves randomly' with respect to addition; that is, that aside from not being factorable by the numbers that are factors of $n$, the factorization of $n+1$ 'looks like' the factorization of any other number of roughly that size - but no one knows how to prove anything like this; every conjecture of this nature that you can think of (the Twin Primes conjecture, the infinitude of Mersenne primes or even of primes next to smooth numbers) is (as far as I know, anyway) open.  It feels safe to say that your third problem is likely well out of reach of current mathematics.  (EDIT: let this be a lesson to always be careful what you say is 'well out of reach'!  In fact, as noted between Robert Israel's excellent answer below and Eric Naslund's comments, the divergence of this series is already provable; the key point is presumably that the density of numbers with 'small enough' greatest prime factors is so high (i.e., positive) that it's possible to prove they must occur consecutively often enough.)


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Power Rankings: far too early, presumptuous pre-season rankings
Power Rankings are back as teams start dressing again and playing some quasi-competitive football, mainly as a means of thinning their rosters.
To some this might come way too early, and while it's important not to give too much weight to performances in preseason and reports you hear in training camp, negative performances for potentially important players could raise alarm bells for September onwards that home fans may just not want to hear.
Since my last rankings after the draft, we've had a lot of news so I've been able to make corrections where some teams fell because of hold-outs or injuries.
With all that said, let's have some fun – and I'll see you guys for the next update which will be before Week 1 of the regular season.
1. Tampa Bay Buccaneers (-)
Nothing really to add here, they're a great group that's all coming back and now in a much easier division with New Orleans in some low-key disarray. It should be a no-brainer for them to win the division, potentially even get the #1 seed.
2. Kansas City Chiefs (-)
The Chiefs had one glaring issue going into camp this year: their offensive line. The first drive of their pre-season game against the San Francisco 49ers showed them part their D-line like Moses and the Red Sea.
3. Buffalo Bills (-)
The only noise coming out of Buffalo is from Cole Beasley. Otherwise, it's business as usual and Josh Allen got paid. Their division will be trickier this year as Miami and New England have got better, but Buffalo are the class of the AFC East.
4. Green Bay Packers (+2)
Here's my first riser and it's all because Aaron Rodgers is back. Normalcy is restored in Wisconsin and the NFC North as a whole.
5. Cleveland Browns (-1)
First faller, and only because of Green Bay. The defense looks completely transformed just by the look of their first pre-season game causing Trevor Lawrence and company massive issues all night. Look out for Jeremiah Owusu-Koramoah, he was put down as third-string but won't be for much longer after being just so explosive with eight tackles and a sack on Saturday night.
6. Baltimore Ravens (-1)
Another Rodgers-induced faller. There would actually be other camp related reasons to justify a minor fall too as they've had a chaotic time of late. Lamar Jackson got COVID-19 for a second time and missed time in camp, and now their rookie wide-receiver Rashod Bateman will miss considerable game time due to an injury. One day saw over 20 players absent too. Not panic button worthy of course, but it should at least be noted.
7. San Francisco 49ers (-)
I've been higher on these than most but there's too much telling me they're a top team. The addition of Trey Lance will cause selection headaches between now and Week 1, and if he's not the starter it'll hang over them any week they don't win. It's something that could prove a distraction – but the team is ready to get back to the post-season despite a stacked division.
8. Los Angeles Rams (+1)
Competition for the 49ers is immediate with the Rams. Matthew Stafford will give them an edge but the loss of Cam Akers is gutting for them, effectively cutting off a strong running game, which is why I can't put them as high as others have the Rams in their Power Rankings.
9. Seattle Seahawks (-1)
I feel that Seattle are the least improved team in the NFC West from last year, and while that's still strong across the NFL as a whole, it's going to put them third in their division.
10. Tennessee Titans (+3)
A big riser, in part because of the falling stock of those who were arguably directly above them. A strong side that probably hadn't massively improved but as the Colts seem to have lost a couple of important pieces for their difficult start to the season, the division is a lot brighter in their sights.
11. Los Angeles Chargers (-)
No changes here. Brandon Staley has a real chance of being Coach of the Year if he can guide the Chargers to the playoffs this year and you can feel the electricity around the team. I don't see them winning the division over the Chiefs for obvious reasons, but should make the playoffs as a wildcard at this stage.
12. Miami Dolphins (-)
Dolphins are the kind of team to create a tier watchlist for. I'm unconvinced by Tua Tagovailoa going into his second season and the interception on his drive against the Bears backs up that doubt. But if the camp rumours are true, and he is feeling more assured, then Miami might get rolling to their potential, which is probably a wildcard berth at this point.
13. Indianapolis Colts (-3)
This has been a brutal start to the 2021 season for the Colts. Wentz and Nelson both requiring surgery the first week of camp and potentially being out the first five contests is NOT what the Colts needed to hear. They'll need to hope that they're back on the earlier side of their estimated timeframes as the start of the Colts' season is brutal.
14. New England Patriots (+1)
A sneaky riser, the Patriots have been quietly going about their work and they do look a much better unit this year and Mac Jones impressed in his first start. He looked one of the more composed new starters this weekend and I think he could elevate New England if given the chance to this season. The AFC East looks to be competitive this year.
15. Pittsburgh Steelers (+1)
Pittsburgh have risen more out of the misfortune of others and I still see a difficult season ahead for them, but the introduction of Najee Harris and a commitment to a running game should help Ben Rothlisberger throw less. The O-line remains an issue however.
16. Dallas Cowboys (+4)
The Cowboys are one of the biggest risers in this edition, but they're also the most volatile. Dak Prescott coming back is big and there are no issues with his leg it seems. However, with him looking to get an MRI on his shoulder, we could be looking at different issues that could plummet the Cowboys chances this year. The social media team insist it's not a setback though.
17. Washington Football Team (+4)
That defense remains one of the scariest in the league and with Ryan Fitzpatrick they've got a quarterback that will be able to get points on offense. Plus some young weapons. I certainly wouldn't want to face them on a short week this year.
18. Arizona Cardinals (-)
I'm not as hot on the Cardinals as a lot of others are but they will be tricky customers for any team they meet this season. They've recruited well, but Kingsbury will be under the cosh this year as they should still be last in the NFC West.
19. Minnesota Vikings (-2)
I don't see an improved defense, which is what the Vikings really need, but they should be able to remain interesting by letting Dalvin Cook cook on the ground.
20. Chicago Bears (+2)
Justin Fields got a lot of admirers after his performance in the game against Miami on Saturday afternoon but I'm not ready to buy just yet. Realistically it was two plays that any QB should make with a second/third-string defense blowing up their own coverages. But the signs are positive that the Bears are taking positive steps and their defense remains one of the best around.
21. New Orleans Saints (-8)
I know, I'm sorry. But can you feel confident in either Jameis Winston or Taysom Hill under centre this season? And then, can I ask, who would they be throwing to anyway? I see an offensively frustrated Saints team relying on Kamara to excel on the ground as they are helped in no way by Michael Thomas deciding only now to have surgery and expected to be out for several weeks.
22. Las Vegas Raiders (-3)
Another team that you've not heard too much from in recent weeks and probably won't. You imagine, though, that the Chiefs and Chargers are too much in their division and it'll be a fairly mundane middle-of-the-road season for the Vegas outfit.
23. Philadelphia Eagles (+4)
I felt that the NFC East was potentially a little mistreated because they all went below .500 last year, so this is more of an unconscious reordering for most of those teams. Jalen Hurts looks capable, but they're definitely not the Super Bowl winning side of old anymore. Potential Watson rumours are something to keep an ear to the ground for. One of the better rebuilding sides.
24. Denver Broncos (-)
Drew Lock hasn't seemed great, you feel that the Broncos rumours of getting Aaron Rodgers were the highlight of Denver's offseason. The defense is good, and they have young weapons that can do a job – there's just no faith in Lock as I think he drags them to a bottom finish in the AFC West.
25. New York Giants (-2)
There was a video that surfaced from the Giants FanFest where Danny Dimes through the ball straight to a linebacker with no offensive player within 10 yards around him. Another team like Denver who have potential but the man under centre is going to steal wins from them.
26. Atlanta Falcons (-)
I get the feeling that I've gone too low on Atlanta, but I've yet to find much to bump them up. The loss of Julio Jones will hurt and there aren't a great number of household names either side of the ball but they were on the wrong end of some close games last year and sometimes you get that luck back. One to watch a rise from.
27. Carolina Panthers (-2)
I'm told these are ones to watch to hover around .500 but not yet convinced. I don't think moving from New York to Carolina will change too much for Darnold apart from not being criticised on the back pages quite as ferociously but expectations for the Panthers as a whole should be muted.
28. New York Jets (-)
I've not seen enough of the Jets to move them up or down just yet but positive signs have been heard in camp regarding Zach Wilson and they're going to need him to fire up early. I like some of the moves they've made in the summer too and they seem to be one of the most improved of the bottom tier sides.
29. Cincinnati Bengals (-)
I had an existential crisis trying to place the Bengals, as they too have improved on paper considerably, but there's only so many stories from beat writers and interviews from the players concerned before you simply have to believe that fans will need to be patient before Joe Burrow feels confident in the pocket on that knee. I continue to feel that they needed a top-tier prospect on the line compared to Ja'Marr Chase but we will see.
30. Jacksonville Jaguars (-)
After watching the Browns/Jaguars pre-season game last night and seeing Trevor Lawrence get sacked by the Browns' second-string defensive line on the first play, you know that the Jags are not on the same level as most of the league. Lawrence might be their saviour, and they do have other pieces that will be important to build on from such as Shenault, Chark and Griffin, but that will take time and patience. He looked way too static in the pocket and the O-line will be judged the same manner as the Bengals last season if it ends up that easy for second and third stringers to bring down their new franchise QB.
31. Detroit Lions (-)
Nothing really to add here as I've not seen much to change my mind that they will be in the running for the first draft pick next year.
32. Houston Texans (-)
Deshaun Watson has been in Texans training camp but does that mean anything at all? If he suits up on Week 1 (highly, highly unlikely) then we could see a small uptick that would probably put them in the Jets/Bengals tier. Watson's good but the roster is not.
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Insanity is a difference in valuation from norms.
He opened the door and put the tray on the bunk across from her. 'If I've made the drink too stiff let me know and I'll add some water to it,' he said.
She didn't answer but she didn't look angry or disconnected either. Some progress, maybe. He closed the door and went back into the main cabin and started to fix his meal . . .
There are three ways she can go, he thought. First, she can go into permanent delusions, cling to this doll and whatever else she's inventing, and eventually he'd have to get rid of her. It would be tricky, but it could be done. Just call a doctor at some town they came to and have him look at her and figure out what to do from there. Phaedrus didn't like it, but he could do it if he had to.
The trouble is there's a self-stoking thing where the craziness makes people reject you more and more, which makes you crazier, and that's what he would be getting involved in. Not very moral. If it went that way she'd probably spend the rest of her life in an insane asylum, like some caged animal.
Her second alternative, he thought, would be to cave in to whatever it was she was fighting, and learn to 'adjust.' She'd probably go into some kind of cultural dependency, with recurring trips to a psychiatrist or some kind of 'social counselor' for 'therapy,' accept the cultural 'reality' that her rebellion was no good, and live with it. In this way she'd continue to lead a 'normal' life, continuing her problem, whatever it was, within conventional cultural limits.
The trouble was, he didn't really like that solution much better than the first.
The question isn't 'What makes people insane?' It's 'What makes people sane?' People have been asking for centuries how to deal with the insane and he didn't see that they'd gotten anywhere. The way to really deal with insanity, he thought, is to turn the tables and talk about truth instead. Insanity's a medical subject that everyone agrees is bad. Truth's a metaphysical subject that everyone disagrees about. There are lots of different definitions of truth and some of them could throw a whole lot more light on what was happening to Lila than a subject- object metaphysics does.
If objects are the ultimate reality then there's only one true intellectual construction of things: that which corresponds to the objective world. But if truth is defined as a high-quality set of intellectual value patterns, then insanity can be defined as just a low-quality set of intellectual value patterns, and you get a whole different picture of it.
When the culture asks, 'Why doesn't this person see things the way we do?' you can answer that he doesn't see them because he doesn't value them. He's gone into illegal value patterns because the illegal patterns resolve value conflicts that the culture's unable to handle. The causes of insanity may be all kinds of things, from chemical imbalances to social conflicts. But insanity has solved these conflicts with illegal patterns which appear to be of higher quality. Lila seems to be in some kind of trance-like state up there but what does that mean? In a subject-object world, trance and hypnosis are big-time platypi. That's why there's this prejudice that while hypnosis and trance can't be denied, there's something 'wrong' about them. They're best nudged as close as possible to the empirical trash heap called 'the occult' and left to that anti-empirical crowd that indulges in astrology, Tarot cards, the I-Ching and the like. If seeing is believing then hypnosis and trance should be impossible. But since they do exist, what you have is an empirically observable case of empiricism being overthrown.
The irony is that there are times when the culture actually fosters trance and hypnosis to further its purposes. The theater's a form of hypnosis. So are movies and TV. When you enter a movie theater you know that all you're going to see is twenty-four shadows per second flashed on a screen to give an illusion of moving people and objects. Yet despite this knowledge you laugh when the twenty-four shadows per second tell jokes and cry when the shadows show actors faking death. You know they are an illusion yet you enter the illusion and become a part of it and while the illusion is taking place you are not aware that it is an illusion. This is hypnosis. It is trance. It's also a form of temporary insanity. But it's also a powerful force for cultural reinforcement and for this reason the culture promotes movies and censors them for its own benefit.
Phaedrus thought that in the case of permanent insanity the exits to the theater have been blocked, usually because of the knowledge that the show outside is so much worse. The insane person is running a private unapproved film which he happens to like better than the current cultural one. If you want him to run the film everyone else is seeing, the solution would be to find ways to prove to him that it would be valuable to do so, Phaedrus thought. Otherwise why should he get 'better'? He already is better. It's the patterns that constitute 'betterness' that are at issue. From an internal point of view insanity isn't the problem. Insanity is the solution.


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Occasionally I scan back over the essays I've written over the past couple of years, and yes, there's a lot of writing about death, one way or another, even before I had my intimation of mortality in the form of a fingernail-gone-really-bad. A friend of mine once observed that she thought that a lot of people considered me "morbid and macabre," and who am I to disappoint my fans?
That can be taken as the reincarnation option, of course, but I have a few revisions I'd make to the standard version. I'll get to those in a little while.
The first version of the "belief dependant afterlife" that I think I recall is from Mark Twain, but he may have been taking a page from James Branch Cabell (or given the dates, vice versa), who had the afterlife both dependant on the individual's religion and beliefs during life, but also subject to clerical errors, allowing one character to get the wrong afterlife because of tombstone erosion, the ultimate in typos. Robert Heinlein borrowed the Cabellian view in Job: A Comedy of Justice.
Reincarnation figures big in religions that don't cotton to heaven and hell. One way of looking at the "Great Wheel" that's featured in Hinduism is that this world is hell, and you are condemned to stay on the Wheel until you do a good enough job of it to get off into Nirvana, a sort of joyful non-existence (I'm simplifying here because it's important to be able to compress centuries of religious thought into facile one liners). I think the important thing about Nirvana is that you're supposed to be beyond all the petty desires, annoyances, pleasures, and minutia that, to me, make life worthwhile.
One unexamined feature of most reincarnation beliefs is that the incarnations are sequential in time; previous lives are in the past. But really now, there's no need for that to be the case, is there? If something can transcend death and invoke various heretofore unknown (and unprovable) principles of the universe, surely time shouldn't be a constraint. So there's no reason not to have a reincarnation that can work backwards in time, allowing your next incarnation to be Alexander the Great, or, more likely one of the guys Alexander killed on his twenty-third birthday as part of the celebration.
The usual end result of this is the "everyone is everybody" scenario, the Mystical Experience, We-Are-All-One, where there's a single, universal soul that inhabits everyone, and it's time to sing Kumbaya, dammit, the marshmallows are ready and so's the camp fire.
But if reincarnation can go backwards in time, there's no reason for it not to go sideways, into one of those parallel universes that we hear so much about (and that I've written about more than once). Alternately, you can view it as a really big version of the film Groundhog Day.
If we get our afterlife of choice, here's what I want: When I die, I want another go at it. In fact, I want all the goes at it. Not all of everyone's lives, all of my lives. I want every single quantum possibility of my life, starting at conception. That includes every variation on what happens during my life, of course, like this earthquake happened on a different day, that snowstorm didn't happen so I get to go to the banquet where I get the short story award when I was 15, Lee Harvey Oswald trips and sprains his ankle and can't climb the stairs of the Book Depository, even the one where that single atom of potassium decays one second later, to no significant macroscopic effect.
I have no idea how many lives that is, except that it's a lot. Nor do I really know how many of them can be considered "mine" given the slippery nature of identity. And since there's no way for there to be any memory or awareness of those other lives, there's no way to know if I will get / have gotten what I want.
Is that any comfort in the face of the knowledge of personal mortality? Let's just say I take at least as much comfort from it as from the prospect of singing in a choir for all eternity.
I find that sentiment to be semi-related to my expressed desire to learn "everything" at my moment of death per this rambling, semi-coherent post at WAAGNFNP. But I think yours is better.
A variant on the clerical error theme was described in Melvin van Peebles book The True American: A Folk Fable - Jesus is working the gate and is overwhelmed so you only get a cursory look over - one person was good and blameless etc, but they happened to die while drunk, so one whiff and Jesus sends them straight to hell.
Ah, that explains why it is so important to die "in a state of grace." Or at least sobriety.
Another reason to die in a state of grace is accordian avoidance.


GHAZNI: Taliban militants launched a pre-dawn raid on a district government compound in Afghanistan on Thursday, killing at least seven people including the local governor, officials said.
Six police also died and 10 intelligence officers were wounded in the attack on the Khwaja Omari district headquarters in the southeastern province of Ghazni, the provincial governor's spokesman Aref Noori told AFP.
The militants used a ladder to climb into the compound in the early hours of Thursday, deputy provincial police chief Ramazan Ali Mohsini told AFP.
Mohsini put the death toll at 13, including the governor, police and intelligence officers, adding scores of Taliban fighters were also killed but that could not be immediately confirmed.
"The attack is over and the district is under the control of Afghan security forces after reinforcement forces rushed to the scene following the Taliban attack," Mohsini added.
The Taliban claimed responsibility for the raid in a WhatsApp message to journalists, saying "more than 20 police" were killed and several others wounded.
"Our mujahideen have confiscated weapons and ammunition," Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said.
The attack was one of the deadliest by the Taliban in several weeks and comes as the militants prepare to launch their annual spring offensive, which marks the beginning of the traditional fighting season.
The Taliban are under pressure to take up President Ashraf Ghani's offer of peace talks but so far they have not responded directly to the proposal.
The militants had vowed to take revenge over an Afghan air strike last week in an area controlled by the group in the northern province of Kunduz.


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Article Explores Aseptic Technique that Prevents Infection
A new article by Eric S. Kastango, MBA, RPh, FASHP, published in the April 2009 issue of Pharmacy Purchasing & Products, explores the importance of spreading the word around an aseptic technique that prevents infection. Below is a small excerpt with a link to the full article.
As pharmacists and technicians, we are an integral part of the delivery of health care to patients in a variety of practice settings. One of the most important changes that we can actively contribute to is the "Targeting Zero" initiative, created by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) to prevent the most common and fatal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
HAIs in US hospitals account for an estimated two million infections and 90,000 deaths annually with an estimated cost of $20 billion.2 This is equivalent to a Boeing 747 crashing every day of the year. The CDC estimates the most common HAIs are urinary tract infections (32%), surgical site infections (22%), pneumonias (15%), and bloodstream infections (BSIs) (14%).1 Each year, an estimated 250,000 cases of central line-associated (i.e., central venous catheter-associated) BSIs occur in hospitals in the United States, with an estimated attributable mortality of 12% to 25% for each infection. The marginal cost to the health care system is approximately $25,000 per episode.
Pharmacists and technicians can impact HAI reduction efforts in three ways:
1. Use proper aseptic technique when preparing compounded sterile preparations (CSPs).
2. Work with other health care professionals (i.e., nurses, nurse anesthetists, and physicians) to establish proper aseptic technique for CSP preparation in other patient care areas.
3. Actively participate on the Infection Control Committee, including reporting, monitoring, and improving compliance with hospital-accepted quality indicators.
For a complete copy of the article click here (pdf).
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Amazon UK growth accelerates
Amazon's annual report has revealed just how much of a threat the e-commerce giant is to British retailers, as the ongoing rise of the online marketplace continues to accelerate.
In the year to 31 of December, UK revenues surged 19% to $11.4 billion, compared with annual revenue of $9.5 billion in 2016 and $9.0 billion in 2015.
When converted back to sterling using average daily exchange rates, the company's UK revenue increased by 25% to £8.8 billion in 2017, said market researcher Globaldata. This means Amazon's growth rate has been accelerating for three consecutive years and reached in 2017 its fastest rate since 2011, when it grew by 31% year-on-year.
"We believe that Amazon UK, is not only taking online market share, but driving the online market itself, and stealing increasingly large chunks of sales from physical store-based retailers. Rather than the threat subsiding as it matures, its latest results indicate that its impact on the market will be greater and faster than suspected," commented GlobalData.
The UK market remains relatively small for the online company, and accounts for less than 7% of total sales. But it's becoming increasingly important, boosted by an increase in overseas orders following the devaluation of the pound in 2016.
And currently, more non-food spend goes through Amazon's UK site than through any other retailer, GlobalData said.
Amazon is also investing heavily in its British infrastructure. Last year, it opened new headquarters in Shoreditch, London, and launched new fulfilment centres in Warrington, Daventry, Doncaster and Tilbury, and a new development centre in Cambridge, creating more than 5,000 new jobs across the country. The company has invested more than £6.4 billion in the UK since 2010.


Considered one of essentially the most widespread electrical wiring questions is regarding how to wire a swap. Even though making use of switches at home is very straightforward, wiring one may well not be that straightforward for everyone. An ON-OFF switch is really quite simple to wire. You'll find several types of switches, but for this instance, let us say you happen to be putting in a single-pole toggle switch, an exceptionally widespread change (and also the most straightforward).
You can find three hues of wires in the normal single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and green. Splice the black wire in two and hook up them within the terminal screws - just one on leading as well as the other about the bottom screw of your change. The white wire serves like a supply of uninterrupted power and is also normally connected to the light-weight coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Hook up the green wire towards the ground screw within your swap.
These methods would normally be ample to generate a typical switch function with out a trouble. Nonetheless, should you usually are not assured that you can carry out the job adequately and properly you superior enable the professionals do it as an alternative. Soon after all, there is certainly a explanation why this process is amongst the most frequent electrical wiring thoughts requested by plenty of people.
For a few purpose, ways to wire a ceiling fan can be one of one of the most typical electrical wiring questions. To simplify this undertaking, you need to use an individual switch for the single ceiling fan. To wire the supporter, it is merely a subject of connecting the black wire of the ceiling fan to the black wire from the change. When there is a light, the blue wire needs to be connected to your black wire of your switch in addition.
There are actually causes why these are typically by far the most generally questioned electrical wiring concerns. Just one, many think it is really very simple to perform, and two, these are typically the frequent electrical responsibilities at your home. But then you definately should not place your basic safety in danger inside your aim to economize. The stakes could even be much better in the event you attempt to get monetary savings and do an electrical wiring career with out enough understanding or working experience.