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Lord Falconer of Thoroton moved Amendment No. 65:
Page 7, line 38, leave out "75" and insert "81"
The noble and learned Lord said: My Lords, the amendments in this group are of a minor and technical nature. Amendment No. 65 is necessary for the proper operation of the Bill in Northern Ireland. Amendments Nos. 108, 122 and 127 replace "a" with "another" in Clauses 33, 38 and 43 for the sake of consistency with other clauses.
In Committee I tabled an amendment in relation to the definition of a community home for the purposes of the abuse of trust offence. Amendment No. 141 makes a similar change for the purposes of the care worker offences. I beg to move.
On Question, amendment agreed to.
Baroness Noakes moved Amendment No. 66:
Page 8, line 5, leave out paragraph (a).
The noble Baroness said: My Lords, Amendment No. 66 seeks to make the offence of meeting a child following sexual grooming an offence which could be tried only on indictment.
We welcome the new offence created by Clause 17 and the Government's decision in Committee to raise the maximum sentence to seven years. The issue raised by the amendment is whether it should be possible for the offence to be tried summarily, thus involving a sentence of only six months or a fine.
When we debated this issue in Committee the noble and learned Lord said that the summary option was to deal with, for example, a 19 year-old talking to a child of 15 years and 11 months. I do not believe that using ages gets to the heart of the issue. A vulnerable 15 year-old is entitled to as much protection as a 12 year-old. As the Minister knows, it is always difficult to know where to draw lines, but having chosen the lines—18 years for the defendant and 16 for the victim—we should stop at that and not choose examples around the margins to justify an approach to penalties.
The offence is a serious one. It is designed to catch sexual predators—both on and offline—who entice their intended victims into situations where sexual offences could be committed. The offence does not entail a sexual activity but it is the nearest thing. If a child is involved in sexual activity under Clauses 9 to 11, there is only a possibility of an indictment. These are serious offences and there is no option of a lesser offence. It is my contention that this approach should be carried over into Clause 17. Making the offence indictable only would encourage the police and the CPS to see this as the very serious offence that it is intended to be and not one which should encompass marginal cases.
2 Jun 2003 : Column 1141
If the Minister is not in favour of removing the possibility of summary conviction from the whole offence, what is his attitude towards children under 13? Should they not be protected by a stronger offence with no soft option of a summary trial? I beg to move.
Lord Falconer of Thoroton: My Lords, I know that the noble Baroness is pursuing in this amendment a more general concern that she raised earlier in debate to ensure that certain sex offences could be dealt with only at the Crown Court. Amendment No. 66 would remove the provision that the offence at Clause 17 can be tried summarily as well as in the Crown Court. I believe that it is important in the grooming offences that we retain the possibility of summary trial.
In this offence, the offending behaviour that we are targeting is at a preparatory stage before a substantive physical sexual offence against a child has been committed. The essence of this offence is an adult meeting or travelling to meet a child, following two meetings or communications with them, intending to engage them in sexual activity at either that meeting or a subsequent one.
The adult charged with the offence may never have met the child concerned. He may have simply communicated with the child online or via a telephone text message. He may not have said or done anything overtly sexual towards the child. It may be the first time that he has been charged with anything remotely like a sexual offence. It might be a 19 year-old and a 15 year-old. Evidence may be obtained relating to the defendant talking to other people which indicates that the sexual offence considered would not be at the more serious end of sexual offences. As in all those cases, it is incredibly important to keep this in perspective and to recognise that the landscape is from the not so serious to the extremely serious offence.
Therefore, for example, the paedophile seeking to groom children for offences should plainly be tried in the Crown Court. But is every 19 year-old who sends a text message to someone suggesting that they meet with a view to perhaps going to the cinema and committing what technically constitutes a sexual offence always to be tried in the Crown Court? I am not so sure and I believe that the right course to take is to look at each case on its merits. I think we can trust the CPS to do that. It is not right to limit where charges for this offence can be heard. I understand the motive behind it, but it is the wrong approach. For those reasons, I shall be resisting the amendment.
Baroness Noakes: My Lords, I thank the Minister for that reply. I believe that the difference between us is that he sees this offence as covering a wide range of activity—for example, a 19 year-old texting a 15 year-old about a sexual liaison. I have never considered the offence created by Clause 17 as remotely covering those types of activities, which are not serious sexual predator activity. To use the examples cited earlier, this is about men going out with condoms and ropes in their pockets to entrap young, vulnerable children,
having enticed them to a meeting. It is not about text messages between teenagers slightly above and slightly below the age limits.
I am particularly concerned about under-13 year-olds and sending the right messages. I may return to this issue later. In the mean time, I shall read carefully what the noble and learned Lord said. I beg leave to withdraw the amendment.
Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
Clause 18 [Abuse of position of trust: sexual activity with a child]:
Lord Thomas of Gresford moved Amendment No. 67:
Page 8, line 16, leave out from "the" to end of line 20 and insert "other person is over 13, it is a defence for the defendant to show that he did not know, and had no reasonable cause to believe, that that other person was under 18."
The noble Lord said: My Lords, we move from child sex offences to a series of groups of offences between Clauses 18 and 49—four groups in all—which deal with particular relationships: the position of a person who is abusing trust; the familial relationship; offences against persons with a mental disorder or learning disability; and care workers.
One of the curiosities of the Bill is that those four groups are not all dealt with in the same way. In respect of people in a position of trust, familial relationships and care workers, the policy of the Government is to transfer to a defendant in the particular circumstances outlined in the Bill the persuasive burden of establishing his innocence. I shall not weary those brave few noble Lords who remain with a repetition of what I said earlier.
Interestingly, in the group which appears in the middle of all these—that is to say, the group that concerns people with a mental disorder or learning disability—the persuasive burden is not transferred. If one looks at Clause 32(1)(d), one observes that it is still for the prosecution to prove that the defendant knows or could reasonably be expected to know that the complainant has a mental disorder or learning disability and that because of it that person is likely to be unable to refuse. So the approach of the Government to the four groups is not consistent.
The formulation in relation to the three groups where the burden transfers to the defendant to prove his innocence—I am using shorthand here—passes the persuasive burden to the defendant to prove—I refer to Clause 18(2)—that he believed that the other person was 18 or over, and then transfers the persuasive burden back to the prosecution to satisfy the jury that the belief was unreasonable.
I have already wearied your Lordships in Committee about the difficult mechanisms that are involved in such a transfer. If one had to sum up to a jury, it would in my view be extraordinarily difficult to instruct a jury that in relation to a number of the matters that are set out in this offence it has to be satisfied when it comes to passing the burden to the
defendant to prove his defence that it is on a balance of probabilities. When the persuasive burden shifts back to the prosecution it has to be sure, having been satisfied on a balance of probabilities that the defendant believed the other person was 18, that the belief was unreasonable.
Those with little experience of the criminal courts may think that this is a simple matter and that juries are capable of being so directed. I reflect upon the words of the noble and learned Lord, Lord Lloyd, earlier today when he talked about the experience of those who drafted the Bill. I think that they are very enthusiastic and very bright, but I am not sure that they are very experienced. I would say the same about the Minister when it comes to criminal matters. It seems to me that the difficulties that would arise in directing a jury have not been properly assessed.
I consider, as I said in relation to the earlier provisions that we discussed, that the passing of the persuasive burden to the defendant in the case we are discussing is likely to offend Article 6(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights. If I were defending a person in that situation, I would certainly make that application. I can distinguish the situation, however, from the charges of rape or more serious sexual offences that we discussed earlier, because the sentences in those cases are very much greater.
I do so also because it is possible to say that, because of the relationship with a care worker, the familial relationship, or that with the person in a position of trust, it is right to impose an almost strict liability and say, "You will not have sex with anyone under the age of 18, anyone with a mental disability who is in your care, or any member of your family under the age of 18. That is the offence". Only then is the defence raised, which might satisfy the fair trial provisions of Article 6(2). There is a distinction to be drawn because, unlike the offences that we discussed earlier, which apply right across the board, we are concerned with imposing an almost strict liability on people in a specific tight relationship.
Having said that—if I were to concede that, and I do so only for the purposes of argument—it is still wrong in principle to adopt the formulation that the Government have adopted, which brings the burden back to the prosecution to prove that a belief was unreasonable. If someone is to take the convention on and say, "We are going to define the offence tightly, but there is a defence of reasonable belief", it seems to me that they should go the whole way and say, "The defence is that you have to prove that you have a reasonable belief", rather than falling back on the prosecution to satisfy the jury that it is sure that the belief is unreasonable.
Those who drafted the Bill have fallen between two stools. They have not been confident enough to say, "We are going to breach the presumption of innocence in these instances, and we are going to say that it is for the defendant to prove something—his reasonable belief—entirely". Instead, they have come to a halfway house where they divide the responsibility between the prosecution and the defence—between the defence and
prosecution, I should probably say—and hope that that satisfies any challenge that may subsequently be made to it in the courts under Article 6(2).
I am against the provision in principle, because it could offend against Article 6(2). I am against it from a practical point of view, in that the way it is framed is unworkable. Noble Lords have heard today from judges of a greater standing than me who have criticised the unworkability of parts of the Bill. Across the board, in the three groups where the attempt is made, the provisions are unworkable. I would much prefer to see a formulation that follows that—curiously, it is in the middle of everything, between Clauses 32 and 41—which relates to those who have a mental disorder or learning disability. I beg to move.
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This week has been a week of patience for me. I have been teaching my 12 year old daughter to sew. Although one of my most favorite things to do in life is sew, teaching someone to sew is not easy. I remember as a young girl, begging my mom, "PLEASE! JUST LET ME USE YOUR MACHINE." All the memories of what my mom must have felt as she dreaded pulling that machine out, became my realization this week. I thought she just didn't want to sew. I didn't know she was trying to avoid teaching me to sew!
Of course, it's not that I don't want my children to learn how to sew. I want my children to have the special memories I did of creating something from scratch. I want them to know the satisfaction of finishing a project and knowing I made it. But, someone has to take time and patience to get them there. And I'm the one that has been chosen for the job. Did you get that moms? He, the God of the infinite universe, has plucked me out of infinite eternity to have patience with this 12 year old girl. Right here. Right now. He knew, once I found my place in maturity (haha), that I would have exactly what I needed to take care of THIS child. He showed me that, just like her, I need to grow into what God has called me to do.
I look back on my life and realize that I'm just like that child that needs to learn to sew. No, I don't need to learn to sew, but I need God's grace and mercy (for me these are other words for patience) to "perfect" that which He has started in me. I'm still really busy in trying to figure it all out, but like the loving Father that He is, He gently leads me from where I'm at to where I need to be. No, I don't always like the tough stuff that polishes me and softens me, because those things tend to be hard and even painful, but He waits patiently for me to come to a place where I learn to rely fully on Him.
Today, we are learning to move beyond threading the machine and sewing straight lines. I know it might be a long day, but I am ready! She said to me last night that she can't hardly stand to go to bed, because sewing is just so addictive! I agree, Baby, I agree. A girl after my own heart. Now to try and get anything else done besides creating on our machines. This momma's heart is happy and right where she's suppose to be.
This is so REAL to me!! When I was 12, (really), I was taking Home Ec in jr. high and sewing was one semester. My mother was an expert seamstress. She could look at something someone was wearing and, without a pattern, figure it all out and make it, but with her own special touches. Well, it was my turn and she would "help" me with the jr. high skirt I was trying to make. She made me rip out more seams than it had to rip! But she wanted me to learn the right way to sew. I did, but the patience on her part must have run mighty deep! This is great to be reminded for my Mama has been gone from this earth for almost 2 1/2 years now, but the sewing memories are dear. I would even ask her "how tos" as I needed help with something while she was aging in her 90s in a nursing homes. She loved to help me even then.


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What is the clear difference between consensus (ijmaa') and analogy (qiyaas)? Please give some examples to clarify, from the time of the Prophet and modern times.
Consensus (ijmaa') and analogy (qiyaas) both come under the heading of evidence based on general principles on which shar'i rulings may be based. Consensus comes after Qur'an and Sunnah in the list of shar'i evidence.
1.Decision, as in the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): "So decide upon your course of action [fa ajmi'u]" [Yoonus 10:71].
2.Agreement, as it is said Ajma'at al-jamaa'ah 'ala kadha [the group agreed upon such and such].
In Islamic terminology, it was defined by az-Zarkashi (may Allah have mercy on him) as follows: It is the unanimous agreement of the mujtahid scholars of the ummah of Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) after his death concerning some issue at any particular time.
1.The agreement should be among the mujtahid scholars of the ummah of Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him); this excludes the consensus of previous nations.
2.It should come after the death of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)), because consensus during his lifetime is of no significance.
3.It should come at a particular time, so that no one will think that what is meant is the consensus of all mujtahid scholars throughout all ages until the Day of Resurrection, because that is impossible.
Some Qur'anic texts support this principle too, such as the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): "And whoever contradicts and opposes the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) after the right path has been shown clearly to him, and follows other than the believers' way. We shall keep him in the path he has chosen, and burn him in Hell - what an evil destination" [an-Nisa' 4:115]. In this verse, He makes it obligatory to follow the way of the believers and warns against differing from them. This indicates that when they are unanimously agreed on something, it must be sound, because if it were possible for them to agree on a mistake, then the one who is told to follow them would be being told to follow them in their mistakes, but what Allah enjoins us to follow can only be true and correct.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said: The consensus of this ummah constitutes shar'i proof, because Allah, may He be exalted, has told us that they enjoin all that is good and forbid all that is evil. If they agreed on making permissible something that is forbidden, or waiving an obligatory duty, or prohibiting something that is permissible, or saying something false about Allah, may He be exalted, or any of His creation, that they would be described as enjoining what is evil and forbidding what is good.
Hence it is known that Allah, may He be exalted, has protected the ummah of Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) from agreeing on misguidance or error. There is a subtle reason for this that was explained by az-Zarkashi when he said: The reason why only this ummah was given this quality of only agreeing on what is correct is that they are now the only believing group on earth, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was sent to all mankind, whereas the Prophets who came before him were sent only to their own peoples, so the followers of each one were only part of the total number of believers. Therefore each community was not the only one that was the believing group in any particular era. But in the case of this ummah, the believers are all in this ummah (and not anywhere else), and the hand of Allah is with the jamaa'ah (main body of Muslims). Hence – and Allah knows best – they were given the privilege of agreeing only on that which is sound and correct.
There are no examples of consensus at the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) because, as we explained above, consensus can only be valid after the death of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). Al-Aamidi said: The consensus of those who lived at the time of revelation does not constitute proof or evidence at the time of revelation, according to scholarly consensus. Rather it only constitutes proof or evidence after the death of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him).
The consensus of the scholars on the prohibition on building new churches in Muslim lands. This consensus was narrated by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah. It says in al-Furoo' wa Tasheeh al-Furoo' (10/338): They are to be prevented from building new churches and synagogues. Our shaykh (Ibn Taymiyah) stated that there was consensus on this point. End quote. It says in al-Insaaf fi Ma'rifat ar-Raajih min al-Khilaaf by al-Mirdaawi (4/236): They are to be prevented from building new churches and synagogues. Shaykh Taqiy ad-Deen (may Allah have mercy on him) stated that there was consensus on this point. Our companions made an exception for what they (the Jews and Christians) stipulated at the time of making peace deals, if they said "These are ours." It was also narrated by as-Subki. It says in Fataawa as-Subki (2/369): Building (new) churches is forbidden, according to scholarly consensus. End quote.
There are several modern examples of consensus, such as the consensus of Muslim scholars that it is forbidden to play the role of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) or other Prophets and Messengers of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon them) in movies and TV shows. This consensus was mentioned by Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) when he said: Those scholars who allowed acting within certain guidelines are unanimously agreed that it – playing certain roles – is prohibited in the case of the Prophets and Messengers of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon them), and that it is prohibited in the case of the Mothers of the Believers, the wives of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and his descendants (peace be upon them), and in the case of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (may Allah be pleased with them).
This is evidence on which shar'i rulings may be based; it comes after consensus. In linguistic terms it refers to comparing and seeing similarities. In Islamic terminology, it was defined by Ibn Qudaamah as follows: Giving a ruling concerning a novel issue (i.e., one that is not directly mentioned in shar'i texts) that is the same as the ruling on a basic issue (i.e., one that is directly mentioned in shar'i texts), on the basis of some common factor between the two issues.
What is meant by giving the same ruling on a novel issue as that given on a basic issue is putting it under the same category and giving it the same ruling.
There are four pillars or components of analogy: the basic issue, the novel issue, the ruling and the common factor.
These components may be understood further by giving an example. If we say, for example, that nabeedh is an intoxicant, then it is haraam like khamr (wine). In this case the basic issue is khamr. This is called the basis of the analogy, which is the issue or item of which the text speaks or on which there is consensus.
The novel issue is nabeedh, which is the matter concerning which analogy is made. This is the matter concerning which there is no text or consensus; it is the issue for which we want to find the shar'i ruling.
The ruling is that it is prohibited. This refers to a ruling that is proven concerning the basic issue, whether on the basis of a text or consensus, and whether the ruling is one of prohibition or otherwise, which we want to transfer to the novel issue concerning which there is no evidence or direct mention in any text.
The common factor is intoxication. The factor is the reason for which the Lawgiver issued a ruling concerning the basic issue.
It is worth noting that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used analogy in his fatwas to point out this principle to the people and teach it to them.
These reports affirm the principle of analogy and highlight the comparison of matters to others that are similar. It was narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was asked about making up missed Ramadan fasts: could they be done separately (not one after the other)? He said: "What do you think, if a man owes a debt to another man, and he starts to pay it off little by little?" He said: There is nothing wrong with that. He said: "And Allah is more generous and easy-going." Thus he gave an analogy and highlighted points of similarity.
Another example is the hadeeth of 'Umar who said: I got excited and kissed (my wife) whilst I was fasting, then I said: O Messenger of Allah, today I did something serious; I kissed (my wife) whilst I was fasting. He said: "What you think, if you rinse your mouth with water whilst you are fasting?" I said: There is nothing wrong with it. He said: "So what is the problem?" The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) gave an analogy and pointed out something similar. End quote.


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Need another reason to love the Rag & Bone Brand even more? Check out their Fall 2014 womenswear campaign. The company commissioned a series of three films and one of them is with Mr. Abrahaminmotion himself. We reached out to the company and here's what rag & bone managing partners David Neville and Marcus Wainwright had to say about the project.
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text:
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/**
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   * @member {string} [message] Gets the message associated with the status.
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   * @returns {object} metadata of ComputeVmInstanceViewStatusFragment
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module.exports = ComputeVmInstanceViewStatusFragment;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


* Division Filter Buttons for Top Air Farmer and Top TP Farmer return list of players of choosen division.
For Top Tank Farmer - show farming statistics of player in choosen division of battles. Division of player placed on right.
Copyright © All Rights Reserved of North Citadel 2014-2018. eRepBox, Arar Baker.


The 16th Xiamen International Stone Fair grandly opened on March 6th, 2016. This is the first time for Foreign trade Department of HUNAN MAGPOW Group to attend Xiamen Fair.
During the Xiamen Fair, many foreign clients interested in our Stone Epoxy, and we signed nearly 10 sales contract with customers from India, Thailand, Iran, Egypt, Spain and South Africa. After the Canton Fair, some customer visit our factory, our production capacity, research strength, and the Quality control system, which greatly improved customers confidence to us.
After several times of sample testing and technical guidance in customer factory, MAGPOW Stone Epoxy are accepted by customers in Mideast and Southeast Asia, our Stone epoxy is successfully entered into the international market.


The USS North Carolina was one of the most important battleships in World War II. She was involved in every important battle in the Pacific. The North Carolina was built in 1940 and was the most advance ship during its time in WW2. Much of the history can be read on Wikipedia here. The key part of history that could account to paranormal activity was on September 15th 1942, a torpedo hit port side and killed six men. North Carolina received 15 battle stars for her service; she is the most decorated United States battleship of the war.
For more detail info on the history click here.
Here is a list of the paranormal activity that has been witnessed by others.
On June 15th of 2010, six people took on the investigation of Battleship North Carolina on a very hot muggy night for the first time. The people on the investigation were Shawn, Mickey, Josh, Phil, Nick, and Ryan. We arrived at the ship around 9pm at that time we took a tour of the ship. We seperated into groups of twos. One group remained with the DVR system and the other groups went out investigating the ship. We hit all the area of the ship including what seemed like the hot spot of the night, the brig. We ended our investigation around 4am the next morning.
After reviewing all the video and audio from the investigation we came to the conclusion that it was not a very active night. We did recover some evps that were pretty interesting which can be found below.
The audio clips are the original, nothing has been done to clean them up. The ship has a lot of background noise and we thought any audio clean up would distort what was recorded.
These two evps below were recorded when Nick and Ryan were in the shower area of the ship where the torpedo hit. They saw a shadow moving around the area and they gave chase. They twice felt a cool breeze go through them. Each time they felt coldness a voice was recorded.
Make sure the sound is all the way up. About 3 secs into audio, hear what we think is a name of a person. Ryan feels a coldness go thru him afterwards.
This evp has a voice that the very beginning we are unsure what is being said, if you have a guess email us. But at the 23 sec mark a voice can be heard that said "come back" because Nick and Ryan was leaving the area. Nick had a feeling of coldness pass through him right before this voice.
Again Mickey and Shawn in the brig when this noise or voice was recorded at the 15 sec mark. It sounds like "People can leave" but it could just be random noise. At the time Mickey and Shawn were trying to be very quiet and just listening to the noise that were 20 feet away in the darkness. The rest of the group was out on the deck at the time. They were hearing a lot of moving around from a distance during their time in the brig.


It's not often these days that Mark and I find ourselves in London for the whole weekend, so it was exciting to be around when there's something going on that we were particularly keen to do! With family visiting at the weekend, we headed to the Apple Day festivities at Borough Market.
I first learned about Apple Day in Pete Brown's book, The Apple Orchard, which I read earlier this year. If you haven't come across it, it's a great book for anyone with even a slight interest in the history of apples and orchards in England and some of the traditions surrounding them. Apple Day is actually a very recent festival started by a group called Common Ground in order to raise the profile of apple varieties outside of the limited number you can find in supermarkets these days. It's official date is the 21st October, but events are held on the surrounding weekends and throughout October. It's truly a celebration of the apple, with hundreds of varieties on sale up and down the country, gardening and orchard tips, apple juice and cider, cookery demonstrations, apple bobbing and traditional games, and sometimes harvest parades and celebrations.
The day opened with the sound of a bell tolling, followed by a procession and worship led by Southwark Cathedral. Later on there was a harvest parade where a Corn Queene was carried through the market accompanied by a Green Man or "Berry Man". Morris dancing went on throughout the afternoon and there were plenty of activities for children including conker competitions, storytelling, and some live animals to see.
The demo kitchen was tucked around a corner, but plenty of people were there to see Kathy Slack of glutsandgluttony.com rustle up some yummy food with the season's best produce.
Clearly it wouldn't be Apple Day without some apples! There were opportunities to sample a range of different apple varieties including some older and rare types, and plenty of stalls selling apples, apple juice, and cider. There was even a stall selling knitted apple cosies! Well if you can't do that on apple day then when can you? For lunch, I couldn't resist a pork bun with stuffing and apple sauce from Hobbs, and rounded out the afternoon with a hot cider from the New Forest Cider stand.
Autumn is absolutely my favourite season and I loved seeing all the huge piles of seasonal produce on show in the market in general – stacks of colourful and knobbly gourds, beautifully delicate punnets of wild mushrooms, and gleaming, glossy tomatoes.
It's a rare opportunity to be able to visit Borough Market on a Sunday, and the weather and cathedral bells certainly added to the magic of the occasion. I have to say it was very busy, so I might seek out a more local alternative for Apple Day in future years, but I'm glad to have experienced it this year. It's great to acknowledge some traditional English festivals and celebrate an often-overlooked fruit. Apples have such a history in this country, so I think it's important to get involved with a festival that aims to protect this fruit and the varieties we are at risk of losing.


text:
Time Express Nig We give only facts
FG explains why ASUU must join IPPIS
The Accountant-General of the Federation (AGF), Mr Ahmed Idris Why we're against it – Lecturers The Federal Government says the October deadline it gave all Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) of government to enrol in the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System stands.
The Accountant-General of the Federation, Ahmed Idris, in a statement yesterday, described the ASUU's opposition to the compulsory migration of all federal government staff to the IPPIS as an "open endorsement of corruption".
He stated: "ASUU opposition to IPPIS is an open endorsement to corruption in the Nigeria University system as the IPPIS platform will not allow employment of workers at will without compliance to due process on employment."
He noted that the IPPIS, a policy of government for which President Muhammadu Buhari directed that all MDAs drawing their salary from Consolidated Revenue Funds should join by the end of October 2019, was aimed at saving costs and wastages.
The AGF, who said other unions in the universities, had complied, advised ASUU to do same before the deadline. He said: "To meet the deadline of government, the process of enrolment is on-going; we, therefore, urge all university staff to ensure they enrol on to the IPPIS platform.
"It is a known practice all over the world that employees are entitled to their salaries and wages as at when due. That notwithstanding, there is nowhere employees dictate to their employers as to how he or she should be paid as being dictated by ASUU."
Meanwhile, ASUU President Biodun Ogunyemi yesterday said "the IPPIS is a scam as it creates more problems than it solves". Ogunyemi, at a meeting met with the Senate leadership said the IPPIS would undermine universities' autonomy and infringe on academic freedom.
He said with the recent experiences of other MDAs that implemented the IPPIS, vis-à-vis the peculiar nature of universities, ASUU members across different universities had reservations about the imposition of the IPPIS on them.
"One of the biggest challenges of IPPIS is that it poses a great threat to our national security. The system is not strategic for a sovereign nation in a world system where almost all countries are vulnerable to sabotage by international cyber criminals and states.
"Once such sabotage happens, the entire country would be plunged into confusion and dysfunction. This has happened before and can happen again.
"It will constitute an impediment in the way of the ability of the universities to provide staff for new programmes as well as replace staff. This is because new staff members cannot be paid salaries until they are enrolled into the IPPIS database, which will take months to actualize.
"The IPPIS system only recognizes staff members that are on permanent and pensionable appointments. Universities are universal in outlook in terms of recruitment of staff and student intake.
According to him, "the IPPIS restricts the ability of universities to employ much needed staff at short notice. Such staff, when recruited, may not be paid until cleared by the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation, thus creating avenues of corruption.
"The dynamism associated with staff recruitment will become cumbersome with the introduction of IPPIS. Lecturers in Colleges/ Faculties of Medicine serving as honorary consultants in teaching hospitals and consultants serving as honorary lecturers would face problems collecting their proper remunerations, as it is currently the case with some allowances of our members in Basic Medical Sciences.
"The IPPIS is designed in such a way that outsourced services such as cleaning and security, casual workers, NYSC, etc. cannot be captured.
"The IPPIS platform does not allow for deductions from staff salaries arising from legally sanctioned union and cooperative society activities. This will directly infringe on the constitutionally guaranteed fundamental right of staff to association."
Senate President Ahmad Lawan said: "My worry has always been why government will sign agreements that they know are difficult and sometimes impossible to implement. I'm meeting with the Minister of Finance to tell us what exactly is to be done because we do not want any strike".
How Imam suspends wedding over genotype, HIV/AIDS test
Producing quality teachers, our major focus – Provost
NDLEA intercepts trailer with 895kgs of Cannabis sativa in Kano
IAR, IWMI train young farmers in Kano on improve irrigation technology
Be good in your'r doings to succeed, Dr. Adamu urges youths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Гіоня () — село у повіті Джурджу в Румунії. Входить до складу комуни Улмі.

Село розташоване на відстані 23 км на захід від Бухареста, 66 км на північ від Джурджу, 131 км на південь від Брашова.

Населення
За даними перепису населення 2002 року у селі проживали  осіб, усі — румуни. Усі жителі села рідною мовою назвали румунську.

Примітки

Села повіту Джурджу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Detecting matching bits in C++ I'm trying to take two bitset objects, for example
a = 10010111
b = 01110010

and remove bits from both variables if they match in the same position/index. So we'd be left with
a = 100xx1x1 = 10011
b = 011xx0x0 = 01100

Is there any way to achieve this?

A: Other answers have shown nice, idiomatic C++ ways of doing this. Unfortunately, they are going to be rather slow. Even AndyG's clever template-based solution, although it does do as much of the work as possible at compile time, still causes the compiler to generate a lot of code that must be executed at runtime.
If you care about speed and are targeting a processor that supports the BMI2 instruction set (which would be Intel Haswell and later, or AMD Excavator and later), then you can use the PEXT instruction, which performs a parallel bit extraction. This allows you to literally solve the entire problem in about two machine instructions.
Since you're not writing in assembly, you would use the corresponding intrinsic for the PEXT instruction, which is _pext_u32. In its basic form, the code is simple, readable, and extremely efficient:
#include <stdint.h>      // for uint32_t
#include <x86intrin.h>   // for _pext_u32()  [on MSVC, drop the 'x86']

void RemoveMatchingBits(uint32_t& a, uint32_t& b)
{
   const uint32_t mask = (a ^ b);
   a = _pext_u32(a, mask);
   b = _pext_u32(b, mask);
}

First, you bitwise-XOR the two values (a and b together). This will generate a mask, where each bit in the mask is set if the corresponding bit is set in either a or b, otherwise that bit is not set. This mask is then used as the basis for the bit extraction performed by _pext_u32. The same mask is used for both bit-extraction operations, so only a single XOR instruction is required. Each _pext_u32 intrinsic will compile to a PEXT instruction. So, aside from some MOV instructions to shuffle around values (which will depend on the compiler used to generate the code and whether this code is inlined), there are only three machine-code instructions required. Here's how contemporary versions of GCC and Clang compile the above function (MSVC and ICC emit code that is extremely similar):
RemoveMatchingBits(unsigned int&, unsigned int&):
    mov     eax, DWORD PTR [rdi]    // rdi contains a pointer to 'a'
    mov     edx, DWORD PTR [rsi]    // rsi contains a pointer to 'b'
    xor     edx, eax
    pext    eax, eax, edx
    mov     DWORD PTR [rdi], eax
    mov     eax, DWORD PTR [rsi]
    pext    eax, eax, edx
    mov     DWORD PTR [rsi], eax
    ret

As you can see, most of the extra instructions here are MOVs, mandated by the way that we've written the function to accept its arguments by-reference and modify those values in place. Tweaking how the function is written, and/or by getting the optimizer to inline it at the call site, will yield an even more efficient implementation.
If you want to use a std::bitset, just modify the code slightly. The to_ulong() member function allows you to access the raw bits for manipulation. Something like:
void RemoveMatchingBits(std::bitset<8>& a, std::bitset<8>& b)
{
   const std::bitset<8> mask = (a ^ b);
   a = _pext_u32(static_cast<uint32_t>(a.to_ulong()), static_cast<uint32_t>(mask.to_ulong()));
   b = _pext_u32(static_cast<uint32_t>(b.to_ulong()), static_cast<uint32_t>(mask.to_ulong()));
}

Note that this further decreases the efficiency of the generated code, given the need to deal with the std::bitset object. In particular, the to_ulong() member function has to detect and throw an exception in the case of overflow, and MSVC seems incapable of optimizing that check out, even though a std::bitset<8> cannot possibly overflow a 32-bit integer type. Oh well—the code will be fast enough, and no one said abstractions were completely free.

If you cannot compile assuming BMI2 support, you can check at runtime using the CPUID instruction (virtually all x86 compilers provide an intrinsic for this).
If it is not available, you are not targeting x86, or if you just don't want to worry about the complexity of run-time delegation, then you can fall back to an alternative bit-twiddling implementation. Specifically, what you want is a "compress" operation. Discussion and code for this is given in section 7–4 of Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s classic book, Hacker's Delight.
Here is a straightforward, loop-based implementation of "compress", adapted from Figure 7–9 in Hacker's Delight:
uint32_t compress(uint32_t value, uint32_t mask)
{
   uint32_t result = 0;
   uint32_t shift  = 0;
   uint32_t maskBit;
   do
   {
        maskBit = (mask & 1);
        result |= ((value & maskBit) << shift);
        shift  += maskBit;
        value >>= 1;
        mask  >>= 1;
    } while (mask != 0);
    return result;
}

This adequately simulates the PEXT instruction, but it isn't fast. The following code implements the same algorithm, but uses a faster "parallel suffix" method based on Figure 7–10 in Hacker's Delight:
uint32_t fallback_pext_u32(uint32_t value, uint32_t mask)
{
   const int log2BitSize = 5;                     // log_2 of the bit size (here, 32 bits)

   value &= mask;                                 // clear irrelevant bits
   uint32_t mk = (~mask << 1);                    // we will count 0's to the right
   uint32_t mp;
   uint32_t mv;
   uint32_t t;
   for (int i = 0; i < log2BitSize; ++i)
   {
      mp     = mk ^ (mk <<  1);                   // parallel suffix
      mp     = mp ^ (mp <<  2);
      mp     = mp ^ (mp <<  4);
      mp     = mp ^ (mp <<  8);
      mp     = mp ^ (mp << 16);
      mv     = (mp & mask);                       // bits to move
      mask   = ((mask ^ mv) | (mv >> (1 << i)));  // compress mask
      t      = (value & mv);
      value  = ((value ^ t) | (t >> (1 << i)));   // compress value
      mk    &= ~mp;
   }
   return value;
}

This fallback implementation be slower than a single PEXT instruction, but it is completely branchless, so there won't be any hidden penalties for mispredicted branches when dealing with random input. You should get maximum possible throughput from your CPU here, but either way, it will certainly be much faster than a for loop with a series of conditional branches, as proposed by the other answers.

A: You could use boost::dynamic_bitset<> for the result, then using push_back you can create the bitset dynamically.
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/dynamic_bitset.hpp>
#include <bitset>

int main()
{
    const int N = 8;
    boost::dynamic_bitset<> a_out(0);
    boost::dynamic_bitset<> b_out(0);
    std::bitset<N>a(0x97); //10010111
    std::bitset<N>b(0x72); //01110010

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        if (a[i] != b[i])
        {
            a_out.push_back(bool(a[i]));
            b_out.push_back(bool(b[i]));
        }
    }

    std::cout << a_out << "\n";
    std::cout << b_out << "\n";

    return 0;
}

Try here!

Output:  10011  01100

[EDITED]
And if you want to optimize you can add this before the for loop(But you must to have boost 1.62 or newer to use reserve())
//@5gon12eder Optimization
const auto xorified = a ^ b;
const auto n = xorified.count();
a_out.reserve(n);
b_out.reserve(n);

And inside the for loop compare bits as:
if (xorified[i]) { ... }

A: You are going to need to write your own algorithm.  Something like this might work:
std::bitset<size> mask = a^b;  //A zero will be put in place where a and b do match
int offset = 0;
std::bitset<size> fin(0);   //This will hold the answer for the a bitset
for (int x = 0; x < size; x++)
{
  if (!mask[x])  //If the bit is zero we are keeping the bit
  {
    if (a[x])
    {
      fin.set(offset);
    }
    offset++;
  }
}

A: Everything computed at compile time
Demo (requires C++17)
The other answers around here are great, and what you should prefer in the general case, because likely you won't know what the initial two bitsets are.
However, that's not any fun. For your specific example, we do have enough information to solve it all at compile-time, and with the use of constexpr if, variadic templates, a variable template, and integer sequences* we can perform all the computation and conversion to string literal (for initializing bitset) at compile-time.
The approach

*

*Represent the bitsets as integer sequences

*

*std::integer_sequence<int,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1>, and std::integer_sequence<int,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0>

*Filter the sequences according to your logic (same bits in same position removed)

*

*See my other answer for how to do this

*Convert the integer_sequences into char sequences

*

*I mean a std::integer_sequence<char, ...>

*Use a variable template to convert the char sequence into a null-terminated string literal that can be used to construct a std::bitset

*

*The size of the bitset to create can be obtained from the resulting std::integer_sequence<int, ...> via the size() member function:

Full code:
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <bitset>

// sequence concatenation
template <typename INT, INT ...s, INT ...t>
constexpr auto
concat_sequence(std::integer_sequence<INT,s...>,std::integer_sequence<INT,t...>){
   return std::integer_sequence<INT,s...,t...>{};
}

// base case; empty sequence
template<class INT, INT a, INT b>
constexpr auto Filter(std::integer_sequence<INT, a>, std::integer_sequence<INT, b>)
{
    if constexpr (a == b)
        return std::integer_sequence<INT>{};
    else
        return std::integer_sequence<INT,a>{};
}

template<class INT>
constexpr auto Filter(std::integer_sequence<INT>, std::integer_sequence<INT>)
{
   return std::integer_sequence<INT>{};
}

// recursive case
template<class INT, INT a, INT... b, INT c, INT... d>
constexpr auto Filter(std::integer_sequence<INT, a, b...>, std::integer_sequence<INT, c, d...> )
{
    static_assert(sizeof...(b) == sizeof...(d), "Sequences should initially be the same length");
    return concat_sequence(Filter(std::integer_sequence<INT, a>{}, std::integer_sequence<INT, c>{}),
                           Filter(std::integer_sequence<INT, b...>{}, std::integer_sequence<INT, d...>{}));
}

// for constructing bitset/printing
template <char... s>
using char_sequence=std::integer_sequence<char,s...>;

template <char ...s>
constexpr static char const make_char_string[]={s... , '\0'};

template <char ...s>
constexpr auto const & make_char_string_from_sequence(char_sequence<s...>){
   return make_char_string<s...>;
}

template<class INT, INT digit>
constexpr auto make_binary_charseq()
{
    static_assert(digit < 2, "binary digits are 0 and 1 only");
    return char_sequence<digit == 1? '1' : '0'>{};
}

template <class INT, INT... elts>
struct convert_binary_to_charseq_impl;

template <class INT, INT n, INT ...rest>
constexpr auto convert_binary_to_charseq(std::integer_sequence<INT, n, rest...>){
   return concat_sequence(make_binary_charseq<INT, n>(),
                          convert_binary_to_charseq_impl<INT, rest...>{}());
}

template <class INT, INT... elts>
struct convert_binary_to_charseq_impl{
   constexpr auto operator()()const {
      return convert_binary_to_charseq<INT, elts...>(std::integer_sequence<INT, elts...>{});
   }
};

template <class INT>
struct convert_binary_to_charseq_impl<INT>{
   constexpr auto operator()()const{
      return char_sequence<>{};
   }
};

and our test:
int main()
{
    using left_result = decltype(Filter(std::integer_sequence<int,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1>{}, std::integer_sequence<int,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0>{}));
    using right_result = decltype(Filter(std::integer_sequence<int,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0>{}, std::integer_sequence<int,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1>{}));

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<left_result, std::integer_sequence<int, 1,0,0,1,1>>, "Filtering did not work");
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<right_result, std::integer_sequence<int, 0,1,1,0,0>>, "Filtering did not work");

    std::bitset<left_result::size()> a(make_char_string_from_sequence(convert_binary_to_charseq(left_result{})));
    std::bitset<right_result::size()> b(make_char_string_from_sequence(convert_binary_to_charseq(right_result{})));

    std::cout << a << std::endl;
    std::cout << b << std::endl;
}

Output:

10011
01100

The downside here is that I effectively do the calculation twice, but I'm sure it could be reworked (and this is all at compile-time so we don't care, right!?)
* Credit where credit is due: Peter Sommerlad's CppCon2015 talk was invaluable for the conversion of the sequence to a string. Slides

A: If you're using std::bitset, you can first use XOR operator.
This will give you new bitset, filled with 0's on indexes where values are same, and 1's otherwise.
After that you just remove indexes at which new bitset has 0's.

A: You can't remove bits from std::bitset so your result will have additional zeroes. I mean result instead of being 10011 will be 00010011
constexpr int num = 8;
std::bitset<num> a("10010111");
std::bitset<num> b("01110010");
std::bitset<num> a_result;
std::bitset<num> b_result;

unsigned int last_index = 0;
for(auto index = 0; index < num; ++index)
{
    if(a.test(index) ^ b.test(index))
    {
        a_result.set(last_index, a.test(index));
        b_result.set(last_index, b.test(index));

        ++last_index;
    }
}

Or you can use std::vector<bool> as result, that is a specialization of std::vector for bool that use bit sets internally(actually it's implementation defined). All possible solutions depend on what you want to achieve.
constexpr int num = 8;
std::bitset<num> a("10010111");
std::bitset<num> b("01110010");
std::vector<bool> a_result;
std::vector<bool> b_result;

for(auto index = 0; index < num; ++index)
{
    if(a.test(index) ^ b.test(index))
    {
        a_result.push_back(a.test(index));
        b_result.push_back(b.test(index));
    }
}

A: You try to use this algorithm
void Procedure(void)
{
unsigned char NumA, NumB;
unsigned char ResA = 0, ResB = 0;
int Count1 = 0;
int Count2 = 8;

NumA = 0x97; // 10010111
NumB = 0x72; // 01110010
while( Count1 < 8 )
    {
    if( (NumA & 0x80) != (NumB & 0x80) )
        {
        ResA = ResA << 1;
        if( (NumA & 0x80) == 0x80)
            ResA = ResA | 0x01;
        ResB = ResB << 1;
        if( (NumB & 0x80) == 0x80)
            ResB = ResB | 0x01;
        --Count2;
        }
    NumA = NumA << 1;
    NumB = NumB << 1;
    ++Count1;
    }
ResA = ResA << Count2;
ResB = ResB << Count2;
}

The result are stored in the ResA and ResB variables

A: Here's my C++ solution:
#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

pair<int, int> extractMatchingBits(int a, int b) {
  int cleanA = 0;
  int cleanB = 0;
  int matches = a^b;
  for (int i = 0; matches != 0; i++) {
    const int bitIdx = log2(matches & -matches);

    cleanA |= ((a >> bitIdx) & 1) << i;
    cleanB |= ((b >> bitIdx) & 1) << i;

    matches &= matches - 1;
  }

  return make_pair(cleanA, cleanB);
}

A: You can't have result of type bitset because you have to set bitset size at compilation time when you actually don't know how many bits positions are equal.

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text:
Not Dance
Who is Terpsichore and how do your pronounce her name?
By Terpsichore,
May 25, 2014 in Not Dance
Location: Holmfirth
When I was young which was not all that long ago nearly everybody who was likely to appreciate ballet would have studied at least a little Latin and probably some Greek. They would have known who Τερψιχόρη was or, at the very least, how to pronounce her name correctly. Sadly that is not the case today for I am often introduced or referred to as Terpsi-core. For future reference there is a useful pronunciation guide (albeit with an American accent) on YouTube.
I don't know whose fault it is but I suspect Lady Williams who did away with grammar schools. If not her then maybe one of Lady Thatcher's Education Secretaries who sacrificed the classics in pursuit of the chimera of relevance. If that was indeed the aim then it was sadly misconceived for nothing has prepared me more for life than the classics. Not only have they helped me understand and express myself in my own tongue but they have helped me learn also other natural languages including those not derived from Latin such as Japanese. They also helped me to learn programming because computers are (or at least were) very unforgiving just like my masters at St. Paul's. I suspect the abandonment of Latin has much to do with the decline in our children's ability to code and the rise of UKIP.
Anyway I digress, Terpsichore was one of nine muses who personified the arts and literature. They were the daughters of Zeus, the ruler of the gods. Terpsichore was the muse of dance and she carried a lyre. The others in alphabetical order were Calliope, muse of poetry, Clio (history), Erato (lyric poetry), Euterpe (song and elegiac poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Polyhymnia (sacred music), Thalia (comedy) and Urania (astronomy). You will see them all lined up in the frieze on the Wikipedia entry. I believe Terpsichore is third from the the right. There are more images of Terpsichore on the Warburg Institute website.
As the muse of dance Terpsichore has been the subject of many ballets including one by Marius Petipa to the music of Cesare Pugni. She also appears in Balanchine's Apollo which was revived recently by the Royal Ballet. There are many dance schools around the world that call themselves Terpsichore. There is lots of other references to her in film, drama and literature and I have even found a page for Terpsichore on Facebook.
Location: South London
I find the above post overly political, especially the second paragraph, and patronising in the extreme. Although I left a secondary modern at age fifteen to go out to work, I have always known the correct pronunciation of Terpsichore and as someone who has been visiting Greece regularly for over forty years, I also understand the Greek alphabet despite not being taught it in school.
I completely agree with you MAB-I rarely post on this forum (which i have enjoyed reading for many years )but just remarked to my husband about the above post being out of place in my opinion.
There is a long tradition of anglicising foreign names though: we don't even say Paris as its natives do, let alone Athens, Moscow, Cologne, Rome, Gothenburg - and Melbourne sounds like "Melburn" in Australia. Latin in England has long had its own pronunciation - the hard C and G for example - to the mystification of our fellow-Europeans who keep it closer to the sounds of modern Italian. I have heard a theory that this disconnect has its roots in the English Reformation when (setting theology aside here) the use of Latin became a hot political issue.
Location: Windsor
Agree - for me it will be a dull place if we each start a thread talking about ourselves rather than dance.
If folk are offended by this thread any moderator has my permission to delete it.
annamicro
"who Τερψιχόρη was or, at the very least, how to pronounce her name correctly. Sadly that is not the case today for I am often introduced or referred to as Terpsi-core. For future reference there is a useful pronunciation guide (albeit with an American accent) on
I think that the English Terpsichore is more likely to come from the Latin Terpsichore than from the original Greek. This seems confirmed by the fact that the link is using the Latin accent and not the Greek one (as common also in Italian with that kind of names and I suppose in English, thinking also to Oèdipous, that in Greek is Oedìpous); but at the same time they seems to pronounce the final "e" as some would pronounce the eta, but for sure not a Latin "e". It seems an odd confused mix.
LinMM
Location: East Sussex
Well the info in your post on the muses is useful Thankyou Terpsichore.......Ive been meaning to look up the origin of your username for a while ......so a rather ignorant Grammar school girl then who did Latin to O level ......one had to if studying English, Foreign Languages and I believe History too but not so sure of the latter.....if you wanted to got to Uni as it was a requirement to get Latin to at least O level.
I knew the name and must have been told stories about the muses when in primary school .........but not only was guessing how to pronounce it I did not know who she was exactly!!
I thought it was TerpsiKORray .......capitals for the emphasis in the word ......
On the YouTube version the accent appears to be TerpSIkoray
I think many who went to,Grammar School in the 50's 60''s and 70's did Latin probably not so many did Greek though.
Learning Latin sort of died out when it was no longer a requirement for Uni entry at some point in the 70's not sure when.
However as a retired primary school teacher and EALS teacher (English as Additional Language) I can assure you children's decoding skills are alive and kicking......inspite of not learning Latin.
In fact some of my English students learned only too quickly how to decode English for example and could race through reading books they had no idea what they were about!! Slowing them down to read for meaning could be quite a task in some cases.
I think Latin has been useful in recognising the roots of words in both English and other Languages for me .....but almost certainly has not influenced my political views!!! I certainly don't get the UKIP connection!!
Bruce I think this is the Not Dance thread so is the one thread which presumably can be on topics which are not about Dance!!
I did both, Lin. Our grammar school made us all learn Latin but Greek was an accelerated course post O level. The powers that be decided I was good at languages so Greek would be easy for me. Wrong! I can just about remember the alphabet. I went to university and you are right, Latin was no longer an admission requirement although there was an unspoken understanding that if you wanted to do Arts subjects, it was necessary. We did need both English subjects, maths and a science. Maths was my Waterloo and it took me three attempts to pass Biology and a long search to find a decent university that would accept me without maths. It is now a requirement everywhere so I definitely would not get in now!
Well Maths was my Waterloo too Fiz!! I failed O level twice because I could not do Geometry.
Algebra and calculation .....ordinary Maths was okay but I just could not pass the geometry bit!!
Luckily by the time I was applying you could get away with a science subject if you didn't pass Maths and I did well at biology so was okay.
I too would not get in today if Maths is a definite requirement ......well if geometry is still part of it all at any rate.
I would probably not pass my Latin exam today either.
This is because I had to do a crash course in two years and I just learned whole sections of Latin text off by heart. Once I placed it I could remember the English translation!! Out of the question now......some of those lively little brain cells died off some time ago
My comprehensive school did not offer Latin as a normal curriculum subject (this was in the 1970s) but five of us took Latin 'O' Level in the Sixth Form in addition to our 'A' Level courses. We were taught by the local vicar and took (and passed, with good grades, possibly all As) the exam after four terms having started Latin from scratch in the Lower Sixth.
Location: Washington DC
We had to do Latin at O level but only a few did Greek. I remember being completely at sea over Latin despite being good at French. Somehow this business of "if you learn Latin, it'll help you with the other languages" didn't work in my case - it was only my ability with modern languages that got me through Latin. As for Greek, which we did for a few weeks after the O-levels were over, that was a total nonstarter because of the different alphabet. One of the reasons I didn't like travelling abroad was that I couldn't read anything - I think a week in somewhere like Japan or Russia, where even the alphabet was different, would have driven me demented.
I don't think the OP is especially political since it takes a swipe at both major parties for doing away with the grammar schools (although according to Wiki it was Anthony Crosland, not Shirley Williams, we have to thank for it). It struck me as more historical than anything, and I'm always a sucker for British history! although I don't think I agree that the rise of the UKIP has a lot to do with dropping Latin from the school curriculum but that really is a discussion for another forum.
Also, as Lin said, since this is the non-dance forum, I thought that talking about things other than dance was OK here. Maybe it'll all make more sense when I've had my cup of tea.
Edited May 25, 2014 by Melody
Rizzo was in Grease, and sang a good song called There Are Worst Things I Could Do
Anjuli_Bai
Location: San Diego, California, USA
In middle school (grades 7 through 9) we had a choice of Latin, French, German or Spanish if one wanted to prepare for college/university track.
I chose Latin and loved it. I have found through the years that, as Linn said above. Latin helps in recognizing roots of words.
Sometime in the 1970's Latin was no longer offered in many school districts in the USA. I think this is a loss. It kind of disconnects us from our past.
I've been told "there is no time for studies like Latin" in the school day. But, I note that the school day is shorter. The school term is shorter. There are many, many days which are designated as "half days" for the students and "enhancement" days for the teachers. When I was teaching ballet - I "enhanced" myself on my own time.
The actual time spent by the student with pen in hand (so to speak) is short and getting shorter.
It seems to me that the emphasis seems to be to make college/university education assessible to everyone rather than preparing the student to undertake higher education. It's more about lowering the bar(re) rather than raising the student.
I see no harm in a post regarding the Muses. For those who know it already - wonderful! For those who don't - it's a chance to learn a bit. And for those not interested - that happens every time a thread is minted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_(ballet)
All good ballet fans should know that Terpsichore is the Muse of dance, one of the three Muses in Balanchine's work Apollo. This was, and is one of his most widely danced ballets, still in the repertoire of many of the best companies in the world.
Yes I know Ive seen it a few times but not in recent years so had forgotten the names of the muses in the ballet.
Ian Macmillan
Location: Bishop's Stortford
I wouldn't normally do this but, in the circumstances:
http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2014/05/25/actualidad/1401042222_832144.html
Well Ian Ive just bookmarked that and will add it to my Spanish homework this week to translate!!
Beryl H
I HATED Maths and came bottom of the class in every exam we had, it was a good-natured joke that I would, as for Latin I don't think my secondary modern school knew it existed, the general choice available for us jobwise was to become a nurse, a typist, or a shop assistant, I think Terpsichore made a valid point somewhere in all this
Jan McNulty
I did Latin to O level and passed - not brilliantly - but I passed. That was largely due to the teacher we had in the 5th form (sadly she only stayed in the school one year) who treated Latin as a living language and I learnt more in that one year than I had in the previous 3! I must say that Latin has stood me in good stead ever since in terms of language roots and it was a great help when I went to Italian lessons some years ago.
The thing about languages is that you have to keep them up and sadly I let the Italian slip but the Latin words are still there in my brain after all these years!
Well, how times change regarding the importance of Latin! I attended a Northern comprehensive school and I did Latin up to the end of the third year, and it was one of my best subjects. However, I was not allowed to take it as an O'level because I was already taking two languages (French and German). My closest school friend could take the three languages, but because I was considered a good all-rounder the powers that be wanted me to take another science subject so as not to limit my options later. It was also compulsory to take a practical arts subject – the choice was domestic science, needlework, metalwork/woodwork and art – and none of these were my strong points! I have a distinct recollection of going to see the head of year and asking to be able to take Latin instead of art. But no – ten purely academic subjects (which was a lot in those days) was considered far too much. Of course, in the end, it was art which took up the most time and effort and which I just scraped through. In the sixth form, I was able to take Russian to O'level, but I've always had a niggling regret about not having Latin.
As for Terpsichore – the name, not the forum member! – I am most aware of the name through the ballet documentary The Captives of Terpsichore. As far as I know, this has never been released with English subtitles. I've just seen it in sections on the internet. If anyone knows any different, I'd love to know.
edited for typo
Edited May 26, 2014 by rowan
I love your expression "the powers that be" Rowan .......so many of us have been frustrated by those.....and especially difficult when you change schools and the powers that be don't really know you very well!
I remember my late friend Judith whose whole passion was for Art (we both transferred together into our local Grammar sixth form......as 11 plus failures) having to fight the "new regime" to do Art A level because it was going to clash with History .......a subject she had just added on to her A levels because she had done well at O level in it but not exactly a great passion!!
She was so upset at the prospect of not being able to do A level Art that she was planning (semi seriously) to run away to Paris where she one of our mutual friends was living at the time......however good old mum (who hated getting involved with any powers that be) sorted it in the end. And told the powers that be that she thought she knew her daughter rather better than they!!
I love your expression "the powers that be"
Actually, I think Fiz said it first and I thought it was very apt!
2dancersmum
I too attended a northern comprehensive school and latin was never on the curriculum and I have to question the importance of Latin in terms of learning other languages, computer programming and the decline in childrens ability to code. From Terpsichore's first post on this thread it would appear that most people under the age of fifty would be part of this 'decline in ability' and linked with the rise of UKIP - offensive to say the least!
Learning other languages - my degree is in modern foreign languages - fluent in three and I have a grasp of another two and can get by as a tourist in another few languages. I think only 2 off my course had done any latin. I don't think it is necessarily latin itself that is the key to learning other languages so much as actually learning another language in the first place. For example learn French and the other romance languages like Spanish, Italian, Portuguese become so much easier.
Computer programming - the strict teacher no doubt was the catalyst to learning. I doubt many if any of the people we would consider to be a 'computer genius' in the world today actually learned Latin in the first place so it has not held them back.
And as I said before I find it rather patronising and insulting to use the wording 'decline in our children's abilities to code'.
Though you may be interested to know that Latin seems to be offered as an 'additional' or 'optional extra' in an increasing number of schools. My niece took the GCSE foundation paper last week and takes the higher paper after half term - she is year 10 and has been doing Latin once a week after school since September and in my DDs school and another local to us GCSE Latin is an extra in 6th form.
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I must add, when I studied Latin at a comprehensive years ago, it was an option, and not a compulsory subject. My child attends an inner-city comprehensive and both Latin and Greek (ancient) are available as extra twilight subjects (taken at school outside of the normal curriculum). Mine did Latin for a while until it clashed with the ballet lessons!
Well, I have to admit that I automatically read your name as Terpsi-core, and it wasn't until I heard you say it that its origins 'clicked' (oops). I went to secondary school in Scotland in the 90s and was on the very tail end of Latin being offered - it was an option, but we only had a few taster classes towards the end of our second year, and then at Standard Grade (GCSE) it was timetabled to clash with the modern languages we'd already been learning for two years so it wasn't really a viable option - I think only three people chose Latin so the class didn't run, and that was the last time it was offered at the school.
I got most of my grounding in grammar and the structure of languages from my Spanish teacher, and an English teacher who mainly ignored the syllabus and insisted on teaching us grammar even though she wasn't 'supposed to'.
I always thought the lack of classics in our education was a shame, and a few years after I left school I did Open University courses in Classical Greek and Latin in an attempt to address some of that gap in my knowledge. I found the Latin fairly straightforward having studied other languages, but the Greek was one of the most challenging things I've tried to get my head round (I did pass.. just)!
The one thing I can say about my level of classical education is that, compared with say my parents, I don't pick up classical/ mythical references in literature etc quite so readily, and I feel like there's a chunk of cultural knowledge that a lot of my generation and younger is missing. What 'should' be included in education is definitely worthy of debate. I'm fairly sure I'd never have voted UKIP though, no matter what
This sounds a bit like the arguments about whether or not ballet, music, and drama companies should keep the classics in their repertoire or simply concentrate on modern works by current choreographers, composers, and dramatists on account of they're supposedly more relevant to modern life than works that have been around for hundreds of years. Every time I hear this stuff about "why do we need children to study Shakespeare?" or even "the professional companies should stop performing Shakespeare, at least so often," I do wonder why these people think the modern stuff will still make sense if we aren't familiar with its foundations. I didn't enjoy studying Latin but it did help to put some of my history and geography lessons in context.
Melody, this sounds vaguely like a discussion on another thread. At the time I think I asked if we should also ditch the works of Turner, Constable, da Vinci et al from the galleries because they are old!!
Mind you proposed changes to the English Literature syllabus may indicate that that is happening in the literature field! I signed a petition against this the other day...
Do you mean this latest thing about Michael Gove wanting to discourage kids studying American authors for GCSE or is there something else going on?


text:
Q: Annotation vs marker interface in Spring MVC Which do you prefer? In spring mvc, they use @Controller for all Controller classes. Could they have used some marker interface? Why did they select the annotation approach?
Better yet, they can have something similar to controller-scan similar to component-scan so any classes in the package can be assumed to a Controller class. Similarly service-scan and repository-scan can be defined in xml.

A: I think technically the same effect would be possible with marker interfaces. The problem is that marker interfaces are limited to classes and cannot be used for attributes or methods.
Spring is using annotations for adding meta data to attributes (e.g. @Autowired) or methods (e.g. @RequestMapping or @Transactional). So it is consistent to use the same approach for adding meta data to classes (like @Controller or @Service)
Note that Spring does not force you to use the provided annotations. @Controller and @RequestMapping are just the default way to define handler mappings. In theory you can come up with your own way of mapping incoming requests to method calls.

A: They both initially serve the same purpose; marking and discovering something.
Annotations are for the purpose of marking more direct. A marker interface actually defines a type, but when you declare a variable of said type there's nothing you can do with it. An annotation doesn't create a type, and it's up to the code processing the annotation to give a meaning to it.
Ultimately this is a matter of taste though.
Annotations do have the advantage of being able to store additional meta data. As in @Named("foo"). Marker interfaces have the advantage that you create collections which guarantee all items have the marker interface. E.g. there is no constraint that says a generic or variable type should have a specific annotation.
For annotations on methods vs methods in interfaces, there's the issue that methods in interfaces require an implementation (in Java 8 this will not strictly be required anymore) making classes quickly unwieldy, while annotations can be easier applied a la carte, but the compiler can't enforce a correct method signature. Meaning that some annotations require a method signature of say void foo(Bar bar), but this fact has to be looked up in the docs (if any).


text:
Vietnam tightens measures after rise in Covid-19 deaths
The latest wave in the pandemic has made the country more serious about containing the virus
by Phuong Pham August 29, 2020 August 28, 2020
Health workers wearing protective suits collect blood samples at a makeshift rapid testing center in Hanoi on July 31, 2020. Photo: AFP / Manan Vatsyayana
Given Vietnam's increasing number of deaths since the most recent wave of Covid-19, there is a huge concern over whether the country can handle this new wave well as it did with the previous two. In fact, the new deaths are having a galvanizing effect on both the government and the people, which, to some extent, increases Vietnam's momentum for the battle against the virus.
Massive resource mobilization
At first glance, Vietnam has been mobilizing almost all resources to counter the pandemic. The recent rise in fatalities implies that this wave will be more devastating, requiring more resources and efforts to contain.
Because of its limited resources, Vietnam has to maintain close coordination among different levels of authorities to allocate the necessary resources for the battle in the most optimal way.
Indeed, immediately after the 416th case was reported, the central and local governments responded quickly and forcefully. The central government ordered the evacuation of 80,000 people from Danang, the pandemic's epicenter in Vietnam. Also, all those arriving in other parts of the country from Danang must isolate themselves at their residence for 14 days. Besides, it has utilized the media to made information on the pandemic situation, even the new deaths, highly transparent.
Local governments and ministries have been making efforts to coordinate with the central government in mobilizing resources to deal with the crisis. The Ministry of Health has coordinated with local authorities to conduct RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) testing, a highly reliable method. At least 1 million tests have been conducted since January, a high number considering Vietnam's health-care budget.
In Hanoi, the local government has completed RT-PCR testing for 80,000 people returning from Danang, and will conduct further testing to contain the virus. As for Danang itself, it has conducted large-scale sterilization to prevent the spread of Covid-19, and tightened movement controls. Notably, it has set up a 500-bed field hospital to receive Covid-19 patients and share the burden with the city's main hospitals.
This massive mobilization has shown Vietnam's grave concern over new deaths and its strong determination to handle this new wave.
Rising anxiety
The new deaths have caused deep anxiety among the population. Vietnam handled the previous two waves well and eased the national lockdown sooner that most Southeast Asian countries without fatalities. This might have led people to think Vietnam was immune to Covid-19.
However, the most recent deaths from the pandemic, including of young patients, and the higher infectivity, send a clear message to people: This current wave is more dangerous and difficult to control than the previous ones. Therefore, to help slow the spread of the virus, they must adhere to the regulations as they did during the last lockdown.
In general, people in places that are vulnerable to the pandemic have been strictly following the government's guidelines and regulations. Since Directive 16 banning the gathering of more than two people in public places took effect, Danang people have strictly followed the "social distancing" practice in accordance with the directive, working from home and washing hands regularly.
Remarkably, one family in Hoi An town could not sign their patriarch's death certificate, since all of them either had Covid-19 or were in quarantine. This reflects people's strict compliance with government quarantine measures.
In Hanoi, people returning from Danang rush to get tested, voluntarily report their health situation and follow the mandatory quarantine. Also noteworthy, the contact-tracing mobile app jointly developed by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Information and Communication, Bluezone, has reached more 10 millions users so far thanks to users' sharing.
For the sake of public health, the government is considering making it compulsory for smartphone users to install Bluezone, and many people are in favor of this.
All these actions showcase Vietnam's strong community awareness of self-protection against the virus, which is rarely seen in countries that are suffering tremendously from the pandemic.
Additionally, Vietnamese people have been standing together with the government to support cities and provinces suffering from the crisis. The government has aptly used a war narrative for propaganda in the Covid-19 campaign. Thanks to this, people are supporting the government wholeheartedly to mitigate the consequences.
In fact, businesses, agencies and unions have successfully called for sending food and necessary equipment to isolated places to assist doctors and staff at the forefront of the battle against Covid-19.
Vingroup, the largest Vietnamese conglomerate, has provided 1,700 ventilators to the Ministry of Health and donated enough chemicals for 56,000 Covid-19 PCR tests for the three provinces of Danang, Haiphong and Bac Ninh. Moreover, it also sent health workers to Danang to help the city combat the virus.
Vinamilk, coordinating with the Ministry of Health, has sent more than 170,000 nutritional products to isolated areas in three provinces – Danang, Quang Nam and Quang Ngai – and donated money to support hospitals and medical centers amid the pandemic.
Such largesse illustrates a "united front" of Vietnamese people against the Covid-19, paving the way to bringing it under control.
More rigorous border control
Next, following the national fear of the Covid-19's return, the government has been implementing more stringent measures to control the border. The fact that Vietnam shares a border with China, where the outbreak was first reported, is a double-edged sword.
Thanks to its geographical proximity to China, Vietnam took measures earlier than most Southeast Asian countries. But this turns out to be an apparent risk for Vietnam now. Arguably, one of the main reasons for the Covid-19's return in Danang is illegal immigration, mostly from China. In this respect, Vietnam has put more efforts into stopping this from happening.
Currently, with the worsening pandemic situation, the central authority is coordinating with local ones, especially border provinces, as well as with related agencies, most importantly the military and police, to crack down on illegal immigration from China. Recently, Danang launched a mass inspection of foreigners staying in the city, with particular focus on Chinese.
Previously, Danang authorities arrested 24 Chinese citizens who had illegally entered Vietnam. The same has occurred in the north of Vietnam. On August 2, the Border Defense Guard in Cao Bang province arrested 17 Vietnamese illegal immigrants from China.
The surge in fatalities has prompted serious worries by both the government and the people about dealing with the re-emergence of Covid-19. The rising deaths show that this time, the pandemic could cause more dreadful consequences for Vietnam.
Notwithstanding this, the recent deaths could be a catalyst for the country to re-launch the campaign against the virus. With better preparedness and synergy between the people and the government, Vietnam could contain the virus soon.
Tagged: Coronavirus, Danang Lockdown, Opinion, Vietnam
Phuong Pham
Phuong Pham is a graduate student at the School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London. His articles have appeared in The Diplomat, East Asia Forum, Policy Forum, Global-is-Asian, Geopolitical Monitor and The Geopolitics.	More by Phuong Pham


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