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Collection OverviewCollection Overview
Historical Note
Descriptive Entry
Open Container ListContainer List
Series 1 - MINUTES AND COMMITTEE REPORTS
Series 2 - CORRESPONDENCE OF THE COLUMBIAN INSTITUTE - FACSIMILES
Series 3 - PAPERS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE
Series 4 - TREASURER'S RECORDS
Series 5 - MISCELLANY
Series 6 - PAPERS OF FRANCOIS DE LAPORTE, COUNT CASTELNEAU DE LAPORTE
Series 7 - LARGE FORMAT MATERIALS
Series 8 - CORRESPONDENCE OF THE COLUMBIAN INSTITUTE - ORIGINALS (NON-CIRCULATING)
Finding Aid - Contains Digitized Material
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Finding Aids to Personal Papers and Special Collections in the Smithsonian Institution Archives
Record Unit 7051
Columbian Institute
Records, 1816-1841, with related papers, 1791-1800
General Information About This Collection
Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C. Contact us at osiaref@si.edu.
1816-1841, with related papers, 1791-1800
2.61 cu. ft. (3 document boxes) (1 half document box) (2 12x17 boxes)
Language of Materials:
This collection consists of records, mostly dated 1816-1830, concerning the founding and operation of the Columbian Institute by Edward Cutbush, Thomas Law, and others. Records document efforts to raise money for a building, publishing projects, and a botanical garden; and to collect natural history specimens. Also included are minutes of meetings and committee reports; treasurer's records; and correspondence of French naturalist Francois de Laporte, Count Castelneau de Laporte. Researchers should also consult the Peter Force Collection in the Library of Congress, which contains various minutes, papers, and correspondence of the Institute.
The Columbian Institute (1816-1838) was first organized as the Metropolitan Society, with the professed purpose of reducing the United States' dependence on a purely European cultural heritage. Its principal goal was utilitarian; the society concentrated on encouraging, by correspondence, exchanges, and a program of publication, the diffusion of information about agriculture, manufacturing, and natural resources. Though initially conceived as a local body, the Society soon decided to expand its operations, and so, still in 1816, changed its name to the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, under which name it was incorporated by Congress in 1818.
The Institute led a desultory existence. Its first president, Edward Cutbush, a naval surgeon, was energetic; but the Institute was never able to establish itself on a sound footing. Much of its membership seems to have been only casually interested in the Institute's work. Perhaps for this reason, and certainly because Congress gave no aid, there was always a dearth of money. Nor did an 1818 reorganization which added the fields of the liberal arts to its interests prove useful. In 1820 the Institute obtained a plot of land on the Mall and laid out a small botanical garden, virtually its only concrete accomplishment. A few natural history specimens and a small library were collected. The Institute's charter expired in 1838 and, in 1841, it was absorbed by the National Institute.
This collection consists of records, mostly dated 1816-1830, concerning the founding and operation of the Columbian Institute by Edward Cutbush, Thomas Law, and others. Records document efforts to raise money for a building, publishing projects, and a botanical garden; and to collect natural history specimens. Also included are minutes of meetings and committee reports; treasurer's records; and correspondence of French naturalist Francois de Laporte, Count Castelneau de Laporte.
Researchers should also consult the Peter Force Collection in the Library of Congress, which contains various minutes, papers, and correspondence of the Institute.
This collection is indexed under the following access terms. These are links to collections with related topics, persons or places.
Castelnau, Francis, comte de, 1812-1880
Cutbush, Edward, 1772-1843
Law, Thomas, 1756-1834
Metropolitan Society
National Institute
Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)
Physical Characteristics of Materials in the Collection
Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 7051, Columbian Institute, Records
Container List
MINUTES AND COMMITTEE REPORTS
Minutes and committee reports of the Columbian Institute, 1816-1839; arranged chronologically; consisting of minutes of meetings and reports of committees, largely ad hoc, appointed by the Institute; and, for 1816-1837, a set of photocopies of minutes taken from an unstated source. Some oversize materials are in Box 4.
Box 1 of 5
CORRESPONDENCE OF THE COLUMBIAN INSTITUTE - FACSIMILES
Incoming and outgoing correspondence of the Columbian Institute, 1816-1828, 1830-1835, arranged chronologically; concerning largely routine matters, with occasional references to the botanical garden. Originals are in box 5.
Folder 1: Letter from H. Meigs to Asbury Dickens, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, relating to internal improvements. Dated 21 January, 1822. Read, and ordered to lie on the table, 2 February 1822.
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Folder 1: Letter from John A. Brereton to Josiah Meigs, President of the Columbian Institute, proposing William Darlington, of Pennsylvania, as a corresponding member. Dated 1 February 1822. Read 2 February 1822.
Folder 1: Draft of a letter from the Committee appointed by the Columbian Institute on the 2nd Februrary, 1822, to Daniel Carroll. Esquire of Duddington, requesting his aid and concurrence in obtaining an extension of the land granted by Congress to the Institute. Dated 6 February 1822.
Folder 1: Draft of a memorial of the Columbian Institute to Congress, along with a letter to Daniel Carroll of Duddington, Esquire, for his concurrence. Dating 6 February 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from Eugene A. Vail to Asbury Dickens, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, desiring to be proposed as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 18 February, 1822. Presented [and read] 6 April 1822 and read.
Folder 1: Letter from Howard Horton to Josiah Meigs, President of the Columbian Institute, transmitting a specimen of gypsum to be delivered to the President and Secretaries Crawford and Calhoun. Dated 2 March 1822. Communicated [and read] 1 June 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from W. Appleton to the Josiah Meigs, President of the Columbian Institute, relative to certain distinguished foreigners, received 16 May 1822. Communicated [and read] June 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from Henry Bry to Josiah Meigs, President of the Columbian Institute, presenting a stone he found in Louisiana. Presented [and read] 1 June 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from George Watterston to Josiah Meigs, President of the Columbian Institute, relative to planting trees in the botanical garden. Dated 25 July 1822. Presented [and read] 3 August 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from William Lambert to Dr. Cutbush, relative to astronomical papers. Dated 7 September 1822. Presented [and read] 7 September 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from Thomas Tingey to the Treasurer of the Columbian Institute, dated 22 August 1822. Presented [and read] 7 September 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from H. Meigs, relative to Italian minerals in the hands of Dr. Mitchill, dated 20 September 1822. Presented [and read] 20 November 1822.
Folder 1: Report of the Committee on a room for the meeting of the Institute, and for the deposit of the various specimens, etc. Presented [and read] 20 November 1822. Recorded, Vol 1, pages 120, 121.
Folder 1: From John Q. Adams [sic] accepting the appointment of President of the Columbian Institute, dated 4 October 1822. Communicated [and read] 2 November 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from Mr. Carbery to Dr. N. Alex McWilliams regarding a room selected for minerals. Dated 26 November 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from William Elliot to John Q. Adams, President of the Columbian Institute, relative to books, instruments, etc. left by Rudolph Schaer, dated 19 December 1822.
Folder 1: Letter from William Lambert to Josiah Meigs, accompanied with two tables relating to the Moon's transits over the meridian. Dated 3 August 1821. Read 4 August 1821. [Image no. SIA2012-2045]
Folder 1: Letter from Josiah Meigs to Dr. Kent about a bill that has been presented to President of the United States. Dated 7 January 1820.
Folder 1: Letter from Henry R. Schoolcraft, accompanied with a list of American Minerals presented by him to the Columbian Institute. Dated 26 January 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from Asbury Dickens to Wm. Darlington, presenting thanks on behalf of the Columbian Institute for his donation of American plants. Dated 10 March 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from the Secretary of the Columbian Institute to H.R. Schoolcraft, Esq. presenting him with the thanks of the Institute for his donation of specimens of American minerals, dated March 10, 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from Asbury Dickens, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, to C.S. Rafinesque, Esquire, Professor of Botany and Natural History at the Transylvania University, Lexington, professing the Columbian Institute's admiration for Rafinesque's promotion of the sciences in the United States. Dated 6 June 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from H. Meigs to Joseph Meigs [his father], accompanied by a watercolor drawing relating to a building for the Columbian Institute. Dated 7 June 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from J. Elgar to Josiah Meigs stating that he had laid out 5 acres of land for the use of the Columbian Institute. Dated 12 August 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from J. Meigs to the Secretary of the Columbian Institute, relative to Mr. Schoolcraft, Mr. Elgar, and a special meeting of the Columbian Institute. Dated 13 April 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from George E. Ironside to Asbury Dickens, Esquire, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, acknowledging the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute,. Dated 4 September 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from Robert Barnard to Asbury Dickens, Esq., Secretary of the Columbian Institute, stating his desire to be proposed as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 22 December 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from Robert Barnard to the President of the Columbian Institute, regarding his election as a member to the Columbian Institute. Dated 22 December 1820.
Folder 2: Letter from Major Delafield to the Columbian Institute concerning sulphate specimens. Dated 21 January 1821.
Folder 2: Form of a letter from Asbury Dickens, notifying various persons of their election as members, dated February and June 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from Asbury Dickens to Major J. Delafield, communicating the thanks of the Institute for mineralogical specimens. Dated 6 February 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from Robert Barnard to Asbury Dickens, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, desiring information whether he has been elected a member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 3 March 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from Pishey Thompson to Asbury Dickens, presenting a volume (title not expressed) and desiring to be considered as a candidate for admission. Dated 14 March 1821. Presented and read 7 April 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from Monsieur De Neuville to Asbury Dickens, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, acknowledging the receipt of a letter notifying him of his elevetion as an honorary member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 19 March 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from J. Meigs stating that it will not be in his power to attend a meeting of the Columbian Institute this evening. Dated 7 April 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from J. Meigs to the Secretary of the Columbian Institute, transmitting a certificate of the location, by the President of the United States of five acres of land, for the benefit of the Institute. Dated April 13, 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from Asbury Dickens to Pishey Thompson notifying him of his election as a member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 5 May 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from M. Dickerson to Asbury Dickens, acknowledging the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a corresponding member. Dated 20 May 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from Asbury Dickens to Doctor Sewall and W. Lambert, notifiying them of their election as resident members. June, 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from William Lambert to Asbury Dickens, Esquire, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, acknowledging the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 23 June 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from John A. Brereton to Josiah Meigs, desiring that another member may be appointed of the Committee on Dr McWilliams's of a ship gauge. Dated 17 July 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from H. Meigs, to Asbury Dickins [sic], Esquire, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, in answer to a letter notifying him of his election as a corresponding member. Dated 17 July 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from John A. Brereton to J. Law, Esquire, inclosing accounts of sundry members of the Columbian Institute. Dated 19 September 1821. [Image no. SIA2012-2101]
Folder 2: Letter from Asbury Dickins [sic] to Honorable W. Darlington, House of Representatives. Dated 16 December 1821.
Folder 2: Letter from William Darlington to Asbury Dickens, Esquire, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, regarding a national Herbarium. Dated 14 December 1819.
Folder 2: Letter from Benjamin Homans to Benjamin L. Lear, relative to notifications usually given by the Secretary of the General Committee of the Columbian Institute. Dated 2 November 1818.
Folder 2: Letter from E. Cutbush to A. Dickins [sic], relative to a special meeting of the Columbian Institute, to be held on Tuesday next. Dated 26 June 1818.
Folder 2: Letter from Nathaniel Cutting to Dr. Cutbush, resigning the office of Secretary to the Columbian Institute; but desiring to be still considered as a resident member. Dated 27 January 1818.
Folder 2: Letter from Nathaniel Cutting to Judge Joseph Anderson, stating that the latter has been nominated to join a committee to create by-laws for the Columbian Institute. Dated 3 November 1817.
Folder 3: Letter from Rudolph Schaer acknowledging the receipt of a letter informing him of his election as a member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 28 October 1817.
Folder 3: Copy of Circular from Nathaniel Cutting, addressed to the members of the General Committee of the Columbian Institute. Dated 27 October 1817. [Image no. SIA2012-2120]
Folder 3: Letter from Reverend William Matthews to Nathaniel Cutting, acknowledging the receipt of a letter, notifying him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 15 October 1817.
Folder 3: Letter from Dr. William Thornton, declining to serve in quality of a curator. To Nathaniel Cutting, Esquire, the Secretary of the Columbian Institute. Dated 6 October 1817. [Image no. SIA2012-2123]
Folder 3: Letter from Nathaniel Cutting (Copy of Circular to the Newly Elected Members), to Reverend Laurie, October 9, 1817.
Folder 3: Letter from Samuel H. Smith to Benjamin Homans, relating to a special meetng of the General Committee of the Columbian Institute. Dated 13 September 1817.
Folder 3: Letter to Edward Cutbush requesting a special meeting of the General Committee of the Columbian Institute. Request is attached to a letter from Edward Cutbush to Nathaniel Cutting asking the latter to schedule the requested meeting.
Folder 3: Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Law thanking him for Jefferson's honorary membership to the Columbian Institute. Dated 24 February 1817.
Folder 3: Letter from Dr. Cuttbush [sic] signifying his compliance with the wishes of the members of the Columbian Institute to have a copy of his oration for the Press. Dated 12 January 1817.
Folder 3: Letter from Nathaniel Cutting to Dr. Cutbush, thanking him for his address and asking that a copy of his oration be released to the Press. Dated 12 January 1817.
Folder 3: Letter from Edward Cutbush to Benjamin Homans relative to a discourse to be delivered by the President of the Columbian Institute. Dated 13 December 1816.
Folder 3: Letter from Dr. William Thornton, apologizing for nonattendance on the General Committee. Dated 7 November 1816.
Folder 4: Letter from William Fitzhugh to Asbury Dickins, Esquire, accepting his nomination as a member of the Columbian Institute, and inclosing $5 for the membership fee. Note from W.L. [William Lambert] Rec'd five dollars. Dated 10 November 1826. Read 2 December 1826. Abstract recorded, Vol. 1 Page 231.
Folder 4: Letter from Edward Cutbush, resigning his membership in the Columbian Institute. Dated and read 9 December 1826. Note from W.L. [William Lambert] Rec'd the check. Abstract recorded, Vol. 1 Page 233.
Folder 4: Letter from William Cranch to Asbury Dickens acknowledging the receipt of a letter informing him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 19 October 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from William Tell Poussin to Asbury Dickens acknowledging the receipt of a letter informing him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute, dated 18 October 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from G. Ducatel to Asbury Dickens accepting his nomination as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 18 October 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Dr. James Lovell to Asbury Dickens, accompanied with a meteorological register? [sic] Dated 18 October 1826, presented 4 November 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Brigadier General Simon Bernard, acknowledging the receipt of a notification of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 23 August 1826. Read 2 September 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Mr. Adams, dated Quincy, 6 August 1826, [sic] acknowledging the receipt of resolutions in honor of the memory of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Communicated to the Institute 12 August, 1826.
Folder 4: Form of a letter from the Secretary to the relatives of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Dated July 27 1826. Accompanying the minutes of the Institute, 12 August 1826.
Folder 4: Letter accompanying a requisition to call a special meeting of the Institute, from Dr. Nathanial P. Causin, Reverend Obadiah Brown, and Dr. Tobias Watkins. Dated 17 July 1826. Read 19 July 1826. Recorded Vol 1, page 223.
Folder 4: Requisition for a special meeting of the Columbian Institute, on Saturday 15 July 1826, made by Robert Little, William Elliot, William W. Seaton, Thomas Law; sent to Asbury Dickens. Dated 15 July 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Edward Everett to Misters Dickens, Thornton and Sewall, declining to give the address at the annivesary celebration of the institute, citing work and personnal obligations from giving him adequate time to prepare. Dated 14 May 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Dr. James Lovell, Surgeon General, relative to specimens of seeds, plants, minerals, etc. required to be forwarded for the use of the Columbian Institute, by the Medical department of the Army. Dated 29 April, 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Dr. Watkins, inclosing 50 printed copies of his address delivered on the 7th of January, 1826. Abstract recorded, Vol 1, Page 193. Dated 21 January 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Stephen Collins, to A. Dickins, stating his inability to attend some previous meetings of the Columbian Institute. Dated 14 January 1826.
Folder 4: Letter from Thomas Law, stating his inability to attend the meeting of this evening, but enclosing suggestions for a committee to be formed to meet with Congress. Dated January 14 1826. [Image no.
Folder 4: Letter from Dr. Alexander McWilliams, relative to an herbarium of the plants in the District of Columbia, to the members of the Columbian Institute. Dated and read 14 January 1826. Recorded in abstract , Vol 1 Page 192.
Folder 4: Letter from Robert Little, stating the loss of a valuable self registering thermometer, etc. Allowed a credit of $10 for his thermometer, and authorized to purchase another. Dated and read 31 December 1825. Abstract recorded, Vol 1. Page 191.
Folder 4: Letter from John C. Calhoun requesting to be attached to the class of physical sciences. Dated 20 December 1825. Read 24 December 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from the Honorable John C. Calhoun to the Treasurer of the Columbian Institute, inclosing $5 in full of his admission, as a resident member of the Institute. Dated 20 December 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from John N. Moore, presenting a book of original letters from Dr. Maskelyne, and the Reverend M. Hitchins to Joshua Moore, dated between the years 1788 and 1793. Dated 20 December 1825. Read and thanks of the Institute given 31 December 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from Richard Rush acknowledging the receipt of a letter, notifying him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute, dated 19 December 1825. Read 24 December 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from Dr. Tobias Watkins presenting 107 coins of various dates. Dated [and read] 17 December 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from George Watterston, relative to drawing the Botanic garden. Dated 28 November 1825. Read 3 December 1825. Abstract recorded, Vol 1. Page 181-182.
Folder 4: Letter from Edward Cutbush to Asbury Dickins [sic], stating that the president of the Institute declines to deliver an address at the next anniversary of the Institute. Dated [and read] 12 November 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from Jeremy Robinson, acknowledging the receipt of a letter, notifying him of his election as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 29 October 1825. Read 12 November 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from Edward Everett, acknowledging the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a correspondng member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 22 October 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from Benjamin L. Lear, resigning his membership in the Columbian Institute. Dated 30 September 1825. Read 1 October 1825.
Folder 4: Letter from John A. Brereton, stating reasons for withdrawing from the Columbian Institute. Dated 29 September 1825. Read 1 October 1825.
Folder 4: Envelope from Rebello
Folder 4: Letter from J. Silvestre Rebello, stating that the Emperor of Brazil has permitted him to accept the appointment of corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 28 September 1825. Read 1 October 1825.
Box 1A
Folder 5: Letter from Samuel Southard, acknowleding the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a resident member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 9 August 1825. Read 3 September 1825.
Box 1A of 5
Folder 5: Rough draft of a letter from the Secretary of the Columbian Institute to John A. Brereton, Overton Carr, Edmund Saw, Benjamin L Lear, George W. May, George E. Ironside. Dated 11 August 1825. See Statement C. Record Book, Vol. 1, pages 175, 179.
Folder 5: Copy of a letter from William Lambert to Asbury Dickens regarding sundry calculations. Dated 27 May 1825. [Image no. SIA2012-2215]
Folder 5: Letter from Jeremy Robinson, desiring to be proposed as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 2 April 1825.
Folder 5: Letter from J. Elgar to A. Dickins [sic]. Read 2 April 1825 and informed to the Board of Administration, with instructions to do what they may deem proper in the matter. Read in the Board of Administration 6 April 1825 and acted upon.
Folder 5: Letter from William W. Seaton to A. Dickins, enclosing 20 dollars, received from Mr. Harvey and W. Eddy, corresponding members of the Institute. Dated 1 March 1825. 6 April 1825 - paid to the Treasurer.
Folder 5: Letter from J. Silvestre Rebello, acknowledging the receipt of a letter, notifying him of his election as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 18 January 1825. Presented and read 2 April 1825.
Folder 5: Letter from P. Obregon to A. Dickins, acknowleding the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 9 February 1825 and read 2 April 1825.
Folder 5: Letter from A. H. Everitt, acknowledging the receipt of a letter, notifying him of his election as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 8 January 1825 and read 2 April 1825.
Folder 5: Letter from J. Silvestre Rebello presenting specimens of minerals. Dated 29 November 1824. Presented and read 5 December 1824, thanks of the Institute for the donation.
Folder 5: Letter from J. Elgar, to the President of the Columbian Institute, stating that the room in the Capitol appropriated by Congress for the use of the Institute is now filled up. Dated 20 November 1824.
Folder 5: Letter from J. Cox Barnett, to John Q. Adams [sic], acknowledging the receipt of a letter from A. Dickins notifying home of his election as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 10 July 1824. Presented [and read] 5 December 1824.
Folder 5: Unsigned letter advising the removal of the books, and other property of the Columbian Institute, to room No. 44, in the Capital prior to the next slated meeting of the Institute. Dated June 1 1824. Note: In Mr. Shefford's opinion the handwriting is that of John Quincy Adams, then Secretary of State.
Folder 5: Letter from Jose Silvestre Rebello on behalf of Leandro de Sacramento of Rio Janeiro regarding the exchange of seeds between the two countries, presented 1 May 1824. Presented to the Columbian Institute on the 1 May 1824 and referred to the Botanical committee. An English translation of the letter appears on page 3.
Folder 5: Letter from Hersant, presenting seeds, etc to the Columbian Institute. Dated 23 January 1824. Presented and read 6 March 1824.
Folder 5: Letter from the Marquis La Fayette [sic] acknowledging the receipt of a letter notifying him of his election as a member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 5 January 1824 and read 2 April 1825.
Folder 5: Form of a letter of the Secretary, notifying members (resident, corresponding, etc) of their election. Dated 1 January 1824.
Folder 5: Letter from Nathaniel Cutting, resigning his membership in the Columbian Institute. Dated 22 July 1823.
Folder 6: Letter from William W. Tuckfield to Ann Lawton conveyance of title to land, etc. Accompanying a report of Capt. T. Randall, a committee to ascertain the lawful owner of the buiding in the Botanical Garden. Dated 7 June 1823.
Folder 6: Letter from Thomas Munroe to Mountjoy Bayley, Lease etc. Accompanying the report made by T Randall, 7 June 1823. (Thomas Munroe to Mountjoy Bayley. Received the 2nd day of September 1813 to be recorded and the same day --- recorded in Siber NH Vol 31 folios 192, 193, and 194 one of the same ------- County in the District of Columbia and examined by William Brent.)
Folder 6: Letter from Jeremiah Elkins to A. Dickins, presenting a box of minerals. Dated 22 May 1823. 7 June 1823, thanks of the Institution given.
Folder 6: Note that accompanied one box of minerals that was to be sent to Asbury Dickins. From New York. Dated 2 April 1823. [Image no. SIA2012-2258]
Folder 6: Letter from H. Meigs to the Secretary of the Columbian Institute relative to a box of minerals. Dated March 7 1823. Communicated [and read] 5 April 1823.
Folder 6: Letter from Asbury Dickens to William Elliot, enclosed are the minutes of June late and your own note of the meeting in July. Undated.
Folder 6: Letter from William Elliot, Treasurer, regarding Bills to be collected by John Hughes for the Columbian Institute. Dated 1 June 1835.
Folder 6: Letter from B Washington to the President of the Columbian Institute, resigning his office as Treasurer and requesting his accounts be examined. Dated 28 May 1832.
Folder 6: Letter from J. Silvestre Rebello to Asbury Dickens regarding a donation of a box of mineral specimens, Dated 4 November 1831, read 9 April 1832.
Folder 6: Letter from William Tell Poussin regarding the presentation, on behalf of General Bernard, a work on chymistry by A. F. Foureroy, M.D. and professor of chymistry [sic]. Dated 14 July 1831 and presented 3 August? 1831.
Folder 6: Note from Eugene Vail regarding the receipt from the Secretary of the Columbian Institute of a memoir, and his promise to return it to the Institute's files. Dated 6 June 1831. [Image no. SIA2012-2272]
Folder 6: Letter from Nathaniel P. Poor, for himself, William Green, and Company, the proprietors and publishers of the American Journal of Improvements in the Useful Arts, and Mirror of the Patent Office, to the members of the Columbian Institute, requesting that they contribute articles for the publication, dated 2 May 1831 and read 6 June 1831.
Folder 6: Letter from William W. Seaton to Asbury Dickens, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, enclosing a letter from W. d'Azambya, and apologizing for missing the last meeting, dated April 9, 1831.
Folder 6: Letter from W. d'Azambya regarding the delivery of two bags of Portuguese wheat grains, dated 3 April 1831, read 6 June 1831.
Folder 6: Letter from Louis de Rochelle to the Gentlemen and Members of the Columbian Institute, regarding the offer of help from the French Geographic Society. Dated 21 March 1831. Read 6 June 1831.
Folder 7: Letter from N. Webster to Asbury Dickens regarding his election as a coresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 8 January 1831. Presented 7 February 1831.
Folder 7: Letter from Louis de Rochelle to Asbury Dickens, January 6, 1831. Presented February 7, 1831.
Folder 7: Letter from William Seaton stating his inability to attend the meeting of the Columbian Institute, September 6, 1830.
Folder 7: Letter from A. Dubios regarding not being able to attend an upcoming meeting and the plans for the botanical garden. Dated 6 September 1830.
Folder 7: Letter from Francis Barnes to the Columbian Institute proposing a lease for the upkeep and maintenance of the botanical garden, which will contribute to the civilizing of Washington. Dated 29 July 1830.
Folder 7: Letter from William Elliot to Asbury Dickens regarding the letting out of the botanical garden as a pleasure garden to a private individual from New York. Dated 6 August 1830.
Folder 7: Letter from Gales & Seaton to Dr. B. Washington regarding dues to the Columbian Institute. Dated 3 July 1830.
Folder 7: Mr. Bulfinch requests Mr. Dickens to deliver to the care of Nr. Nott copies of eulogies and discourse. Dated 2 June 1828.
Folder 7: Letter from Levi C. Bootes on behalf of Gales & Seaton inclosing [sic] an additional account against the Columbian Institute, from the 8th August 1816, to 3 July 1820. Letter dated 17 May 1828, rendered May 20, 1828.
Folder 7: Letter from William Lambert to the Columbian Institute, on the establishment of a National Observatory at the seat of government of the United States. Dated 3 December 1827. Referred to the mathematical class. Vol. 1, page 275.
Folder 7: J. Trumbull's letter of acknowledgement for his admission as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 5 November 1827. Read 5 November 1827.
Folder 7: Letter from Col. Isaac Roberdrau, to the committee appointed on a letter from the committee of the public buildings. Dated 8 October 1827. Accompanying a report of the committee, made 5 November, 1827. Vol.1 pages 273-274.
Folder 7: Letter from Thomas Law, suggesting that some marked attention should be paid to the memory of Robert Little, deceased. Dated 13 August 1827. Read and ordered to the table, 13 August 1827.
Folder 7: Note from John P. Ingle to William Elliot. Dated 19 June 1827. Accompanying a report of a committee [made] 5 Novmeber 1827.
Folder 7: Letter from J. Elgar, Commissioner of the public buildings. Dated 9 June 1827. Read 2 July 1827. Referred to a select committee who will inquire with all the matter connected therewithin, and report to the Institute at the next meeting. The committee consists of Mr. Elliott, Mr. Lambert, Mr. Hale. July 2, 1827. 5 November 1827, report made.
Folder 7: Letter from F. Hall to Robert Little, Secretary of the Columbian Institute, regarding his appointment as a corresponding member of the Columbian Institute. Dated 27 May 1827. Present [sic] 4 June 1827.
PAPERS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE
The reports listed are a selection of reports included in this series.
Folders 8-9 Papers submitted to the Institute, 1791-1816, 1818, 1821, 1825-1828, 1830, 1834-1835, 1837, 1840, and undated, arranged chronologically, loose; concerning topics in natural history, astronomy, and mathematics. Some oversize materials are in Box 4. Papers include:
William Elliot, "Memoir by Wm. Elliot of Washington on a New Method of Calculation, by means of printed Rods," March 31, 1821.
William Lambert, ["... a method to find the ratio of the Earth's equatorial and polar diameters, by having the measure of a degree in two latitudes"], August 3, 1825.
Thomas Law, ["... suggestions relating to enclosure of the Mall.."], January 14, 1826.
Dr. Henry Huntt, "Observations on a change of Climate in Pulmonary Consumption, Read before the Columbian Institute February 11th 1826."
William Lambert, "... calculations relating to the ratio of the equatorial diameter to the polar axis of the Earth etc.," April 29, 1826.
William Lambert, "Solar Eclipse of April 3d, 1791," October 17 and 27, 1826.
William Lambert, "To find the Moon's true longitude, latitude, right ascension, and declination by the method of interpolation from successive differences...," November 25 and December 9, 1826.
William Lambert, "Principal Appearances of the Solar Eclipse which happened on the 16th of June, 1806," April 7, 1827.
William Lambert, "On the ratio of the diameter to the circumference of a circle," April 7, 1827.
William Lambert, "To find the latitude of a place, and the correct apparent time...," April 7, 1827.
William Lambert, "Rules and processes to determine the latitude of a place...," April 7, 1827.
William Lambert, "Calculations of the ratio of the equatorial diameter to the polar axis of the Earth...," October 1, 1827.
William Lambert, "To find the longitude of a place, by the Moon's altitude," March 14, 1828.
Thomas Law, ["A National Currency"], August 2, 1830.
Wm. Elliot, "On a Demonstrative Moral System...," February 3, 1834.
Wm. Elliot, "On the Unit of Measurement and Weight," March 10, 1835.
William Elliot, "To multiply numbers by Napier's Bones," n.d.
"On Comets," n.d.
TREASURER'S RECORDS
Fiscal records of the Institute, 1816-1837, arranged chronologically; accounts, receipts, disbursements, reports.
Membership lists and records, circa 1816-1832
Map of the Institute's plot for botanical garden on the Mall [moved to Box 4]
Other miscellaneous papers
Samuel Harrison Smith, "Memoir of the Life, Character, and Writings of Thomas Jefferson...," Washington: S. A. Elliott, 1827
Samuel Lewis Southard, "Anniversary Address Delivered Before the Columbian Institute, at Washington...," Washington: 1828.
Papers presented to the Columbian Institute, 1791-1816
PAPERS OF FRANCOIS DE LAPORTE, COUNT CASTELNEAU DE LAPORTE
Papers and, for the most part, correspondence of Francois de Laporte, French naturalist, in French and English, circa 1829-1833. Links to two of the letters, below.
Letter from Francois de Laporte, circa 1829-1833, containing cross-writing in three different directions. The letter is in French and the cross-writing makes it hard to determine where the letter starts. This letter 1, side 1. [Image no. SIA2012-9999]
Letter from Francois de Laporte, circa 1829-1833, containing cross-writing in three different directions. The letter is in French and the cross-writing makes it hard to determine where the letter starts. This letter 1, side 2. [Image no. SIA2012-10000]
LARGE FORMAT MATERIALS
Large format materials removed from Series 1, 3 and 5.
CORRESPONDENCE OF THE COLUMBIAN INSTITUTE - ORIGINALS (NON-CIRCULATING)
Original correspondence from Series 2.
Finding Aid encoded on: 7-11-2017
Contact us at osiaref@si.edu


Volunteers are the backbone of Credit Union of Denver. For over 87 years, the credit union has provided value and financial stability to its members. This accomplishment can be attributed to the expertise of the past and present volunteers. Volunteers determine the direction of the credit union and approve policies that govern the credit union's operations and growth.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Board members are responsible for establishing policies for the credit union operations and activities. They provide leadership through sound judgment in business and financial matters involving members and the community. The Board of Directors meets once a month. Board members also serve on various committees that meet occasionally as needed. Three, 3-year term positions are open on the Board of Directors.
SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Supervisory Committee is responsible for the accurate financial reporting and safeguarding members' assets through auditing and supervision of our operations as governed by the bylaws and the state and federal regulators. This committee meets once a month. Three, 3-year term positions and two, 1-year term positions are open on the Supervisory Committee.
CREDIT COMMITTEE: Credit Committee members are responsible for evaluating member loan requests on a fair and impartial basis. The Credit Committee must ensure compliance with relevant state and federal laws that affect lending guidelines. This committee meets monthly and corresponds via email once a week or as often as needed. Two, 3-year term positions are open on the Credit Committee.
NOMINATIONS CLOSE TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2019 Candidates can be nominated by applying to the Nomination/Election Committee, or by petition. For more information, or to get in touch with a Nomination/Election Committee Member, please contact Katie Danek-Sodt at 303.239.1113.
Committee Liaison and Staff Contact: Katie Danek-Sodt, 303.239.1113.
As a member-owner of Credit Union of Denver, your support is vital to the success of your credit union. There will not be an election conducted by ballot if there is one candidate or less for each position to be filled.


How to retrieve API details from Ecwid admin panel?
In order to perform an Ecwid migration, merchants will have to provide their store's API details.
Remember! To access the Ecwid APIs, you should have a paid Ecwid plan. (Venture, Business or Unlimited). Merchants on Free plans cannot use Ecwid API.
2. Tap on the link to get the access to the data you need.
3. After this, click on the Connect with Ecwid button.
4. Then, copy the URL to your personal Postman collection.
It already contains your Store ID and access token.
5. Then, go to the C2C migration Wizard and paste the URL into the Personal collection URL field.
Note: If you have problems and cannot access the page with API details from your Admin Panel, contact Ecwid Support Service.


The Bureau of Justice Statistics has released two new reports on prisoner population in 2010. The total number of prisoners has declined for the first time in 40 years. But while the number of state prisoners declined, the number of federal prisoners increased.
The total U.S. prison population fell to 1.6 million at year end 2010, a decline of 0.6 percent during the year, the first decline in the total prison population in nearly four decades.
This decline was due to a decrease of 10,881 in the number of state prisoners, which fell to just under 1.4 million persons and was the largest yearly decrease since 1977. The federal prison population grew by 0.8 percent (1,653 prisoners) to reach 209,771, the smallest percentage increase since 1980.
1 in 33 adults, 7.1 million people, were under the supervision of adult correctional authorities at the end of 2010. The reports are Correctional Population in the United States, 2010 and Prisoners in 2010.
These are some statistics from the Department of Justice reflecting data through 2005.
What they tell us: America continues to be a prison nation. The drug war doesn't work. Over-incarceration doesn't work. Our elected officials in Congress need to spend time addressing these issues in 2007.


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Veteran of the Month
March Madness roundup: Loyola Chicago, Sister Jean get past Illinois, into Sweet 16
Published 10:42 pm Sunday, March 21, 2021
By News Service Report
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Loyola Chicago carried out 101-year-old superfan Sister Jean's plans to a T on Sunday, moving to the Sweet 16 with a 71-58 win over Illinois, the first No. 1 seed bounced from this year's NCAA Tournament.
Cameron Krutwig delivered a 19-point, 12-rebound masterpiece and the quick-handed, eighth-seeded Ramblers (26-4) led wire to wire. They befuddled a powerful Illinois offense to return to the second weekend three years after their last magical run to the Final Four.
The Ramblers will next play either Oklahoma State or Oregon State in a Midwest Regional semifinal.
Their 2018 trip to the Final Four was headlined by Sister Jean Dolores Schmidt, the venerable team chaplain, who received both COVID-19 vaccination shots and clearance to travel to Indianapolis to see what inspiration she could provide in 2021. Jean delivered a pregame prayer that could've been stripped straight from a John Wooden handbook.
Illinois (24-7) earned top seeding for the first time since its own Final Four run in 2005, but fell behind by double digits in the first half and never got within striking range. The Illini committed 16 turnovers and scored 23 points fewer than their season average.
Illinois' 7-foot second-team All-American Kofi Cockburn finished with 21 points on 7-for-12 shooting, but worked hard for every shot.
And Loyola's handsy guards, Lucas Williamson and Keith Clemons, kept first-team All-American Ayo Dosunmu from ever finding his comfort zone. He finished with nine points, 11 under his season average.
SYRACUSE 75, WEST VIRGINIA 72
Buddy Boeheim carried his father, Jim, to the Hall of Fame coach's 20th Sweet 16 appearance, scoring 22 of his 25 points after halftime to lead 11th-seeded Syracuse past third-seeded West Virginia.
Jim Boeheim's Orange got the better of another legend, Bob Huggins, in the second March Madness meeting between coaches with at least 900 Division I victories. Huggins won No. 900 when West Virginia beat Morehead State in the first round on Friday. Boeheim got his 982nd at Huggins' expense.
Syracuse (18-9) advanced to face second-seeded Houston.
Buddy "Buckets" Boeheim erupted in the second half, when he made all but one of his six 3-pointers. He finished 6 of 13 from deep and 8 of 17 overall, and he helped put the game away with three late free throws.
Sean McNeil scored 23 points to lead the Mountaineers (19-10), who last made the Sweet 16 in 2018.
HOUSTON 63, RUTGERS 60
Quentin Grimes scored 22 points, Tramon Mark converted a soaring three-point play with 24 seconds left, and Houston beat Rutgers.
DaJon Jarreau overcame a series of bumps and bruises to score a key bucket down the stretch and finished with 17 points for second-seeded Houston (26-3).
The 10th-seeded Scarlet Knights (16-12) still had a chance after Mark's free throws, but Geo Baker turned the ball over and Marcus Sasser made two more to extend the lead. Rutgers rushed back up the floor and Ron Harper Jr. let fly a potential tying 3 from the wing that clanked off the side of the rim as the final buzzer sounded.
Baker finished with 14 points for Rutgers but was holding back tears following his late turnover. Montez Mathis also had 10 points for the Scarlet Knights, who failed to advance to the Sweet 16 for the first time since 1976.
BAYLOR 76, WISCONSIN 63
Davion Mitchell scored 16 points and spearheaded a dominant defensive first half, helping top-seeded Baylor avoid another NCAA Tournament upset with a 76-63 win over Wisconsin on Sunday.
Not long after Illinois became the first No. 1 seed to bow out, the Bears (24-2) looked every bit a Final Four favorite in the first half, smothering Wisconsin with the type of defensive pressure they played before a late-season COVID-19 pause.
The Badgers (18-13) showed a bit of fight after being backed into an 18-point corner, rallying to within seven midway through the second half behind D'Mitrik Trice (12 points).
The Bears answered the run with a dash of more D to reach the Sweet 16 for the fifth time under coach Scott Drew. They'll get Villanova or North Texas next.
ARKANSAS 68, TEXAS TECH 66
Justin Smith had 20 points and played a key role in a final-play defensive stop, helping Arkansas beat Texas Tech and secure the program's first trip to the Sweet 16 in a quarter-century.
In the final seconds of a tense finish, Smith found himself defending Kyler Edwards beyond the 3-point arc. Edwards drove into the paint with Smith on his hip and missed a layup, with Arkansas guard JD Notae snagging the rebound and sprinting up court to run the final seconds out.
The third-seeded Razorbacks are off to the regional semifinals for the first time since 1996 under famed former coach Nolan Richardson. Arkansas (24-6) next faces No. 15 seed Oral Roberts.
Star freshman Moses Moody had 11 of his 15 points after halftime for the Razorbacks, who led by 13 points only to have the sixth-seeded Red Raiders twice whittle that margin to a single point.
Terrence Shannon Jr. scored 20 points for Texas Tech (18-11).
ORAL ROBERTS 81, FLORIDA 78
Oral Roberts became just the second No. 15 seed in NCAA Tournament history to advance to the round of 16, sending No. 7 seed Florida home.
Oral Roberts opened the tournament by stunning No. 2 seed Ohio State.
Kevin Obanor and Max Abams carried the Golden Eagles out of an 11-point deficit. Obanor scored 28 points and Abmas, the regular season national leading scorer, finished with 26 as the Golden Eagles (18-10) closed the game on a 25-11 run to overcome the 11-point lead Florida held with less than 10 minutes remaining.
Oral Roberts joins Florida Gulf Coast — those guys from Dunk City — as the only No. 15 seeds to reach the round of 16.
Tre Mann led the Gators (15-10) with 19 points, but went quiet late in the second half, failing to score over the final 17 minutes.
More College
Cunane, No. 4 Wolfpack women beat No. 16 Blue Devils 84-60
Mabrey scores 24, No. 20 Irish women top No. 21 Tar Heels
College basketball: Wake ends 9-game skid against Virginia
Coach K back as No. 8 Duke rolls inside to beat NC State
Bueckers helps UConn rout High Point 102-59 in NCAA…
Will the Sam Moir Christmas Classic shooting be an inflection point and produce change needed to stop another, similar incident?
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The S1000XR claims to have founded a new Adventure Sport market but we all know that there are already a few bikes out there which fit this mould.
Some of these are more "Tourer" than "Sport" but the Ducati Multistrada is the obvious competitor to the XR. However, will BMW steal their crown in this niche market? Should Ducati be worried or will they respond by upping the game? Something to ponder !
I've had a look at Multistrada whilst deciding what to buy and have pondered over the MS forums for weeks. Whilst it's obviously a fantastic bike it doesn't seem short of issues. Ducati have curied many of their electrical problems but seems they won't go away and now again more still keep poping up. Can't be doing with that, I need something that works. Ok the S1000R had a few teething problems initially but they seem to be ironed out now so I'm thinking that the S1000XR will be good from the off.
There will the loyal Multistrada Ducatisti who love the brand who no doubt will slag off the BM as a Bararian tech meister but at least it will probably be on the road than in the workshop far more than Duke. Don't get me wrong I like the MS and it's very capable but I do want reliability as well as the fun factor.
Multistrada is a great bike but pound for pound (and there's quite a few £££'s involved) I'd rather bet on the BMW. Ive ridden both a MS and an S1000R and in my book the BMW wins hands down. Ducati was far too harsh for my liking although handled really well.
Ok the S1000R had a few teething problems initially but they seem to be ironed out now so I'm thinking that the S1000XR will be good from the off.
You could argue that the S1000R should have been good from the off, it being based on the S1000RR. Truth is modern BMWs while being at the cutting edge in terms of engineering and ride-ability, are probably the least reliable bike out there. I say this based on both experience and people I know in the trade. I owned a 2009 K1300S and it went back to the dealership 10 times in 18 months before I moved it on. 3 of these times were for the left hand switchgear going wrong, which is also still the subject of recalls 5 years later on the S1000R.
Someone who I know in the trade sells bikes with the usual non franchised 3/6 month warranties on them. The ratio of BMWs requiring work under these warranties is far higher than any other marque.
My view is that if you get a modern BMW then you will have one of the best machines you can ride at the moment. But if you think it will be the most reliable then you are sadly deluded. It will be recall after recall. If you look on the S1000R forum some of the bikes have already had half a dozen recalls.
I've got a MTS1200 & a S1000R in the garage. I love both bikes, and use them for totally different purposes. BOTH bikes have had issues, and I've had them both from brand new I don't think any manufacturer is perfect, and as long as they sort the problems out in a timely manner then I'm OK with it.
I was intending on swapping my Multistrada for the new version, however they seem to have all been sold in the UK, and no more are due until September. So I'll be looking at swapping to the XR. If it proves to be anywhere near as good as my Ducati then I'll be swapping. I'm just waiting for a test ride whenever they appear.
I have just chopped in a 2013 multistrada for the XR with no regrets.
The XR corners MUCH better than the Multi and it's auto adjusting suspension is far better and more stable. On rough back roads or any bad surface I found the Multi transmitted too much of that bad surface back up the forks and through the bars to the rider. I was amazed how little in comparison the XR transmits.
The multi had a tendency to shake its head when encountering any bump or bad surface when cranked into a corner (happened a lot on fast Spanish sweepers) or when being pushed near its speed limits.
The main reason I was looking to change was the low speed difference in an IL4 compared to the twin. I loved the Multi when it was being thrashed, that engine was great, but when negotiating slow traffic, road works, town & city centres I could have dumped it at the curb sometimes it was such a pain.
The XR will pull away quite happily from 25mph in 6th and the combination of good fuelling and cruse control make average speed camera covered road works almost a pleasure.
The top gearing on the XR could have been a little higher, like the 6th on the Multi being an overdrive.. it would feel a little more relaxed for motorway work, but that aside, (in my humble opinion) the XR has moved the goalposts with this bike.
Fit, finish and fasteners are better on the BM, reliability I cannot comment on yet..
The Multi never let me down mechanically or electrically so I hope the XR can equal the Italian beauty there.


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Four freedoms really at risk in America?
I found a photo that reminded me of Norman Rockwell's "Freedom from Want," and wrote about it.
Then I ran into a tweet from Texas educator Bonnie Lesley:
4 Freedoms in America That Don't Exist Anymore http://t.co/XfGiYSAi
— Bonnie Lesley (@EdFocus) January 30, 2013
That in turn led to an Alternet post, displayed at Reader Supported News (RSN), by a guy who claims that, compared to 1941 and the progress made on the Four Freedoms, all four of them are in danger, in America, today.
Could that be right? In was in his State of the Union address in January 1941 that Roosevelt described the four freedoms he said the U.S. should work to secure around the world — this was clearly a philosophical foundation-laying for going to war on the side of Britain, and against Germany, in the World War that was already raging, but which the U.S. had managed to stay out of for five years in Asia and two years in Europe.
Near the end of the speech on January 6, 1941, Roosevelt explained why freedom needed to be fought for, what was important to us, as Americans in the freedom of others in other nations.
Here is an excerpt of the speech, the final few paragraphs:
I have called for personal sacrifice, and I am assured of the willingness of almost all Americans to respond to that call. A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my budget message I will recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying for today. No person should try, or be allowed to get rich out of the program, and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.
If the Congress maintains these principles the voters, putting patriotism ahead of pocketbooks, will give you their applause.
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
Norman Rockwell's "Freedom from Fear," 1943 painting based on FDR's 1941 State of the Union address, "The Four Freedoms." This painting was used on posters urging Americans to buy War Bonds.
The first is freedom of speech and expression — everywhere in the world.The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic under- standings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants — everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor — anywhere in the world.
That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called "new order" of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
To that new order we oppose the greater conception — the moral order. A good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.
Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change, in a perpetual, peaceful revolution, a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly, adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women, and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose.
To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
Posters showing all four of Rockwell's paintings also were printed for the War Bonds Drive. Image from the digital collection of the libraries at the University of North Texas
This speech inspired Norman Rockwell to create a series of paintings in tribute to the four freedoms, which paintings were used as posters for War Bond drives.
Paul Bucheit argues we're losing those four freedoms, which we as a nation fought to secure, in the Pacific, in the Atlantic, in Africa, Europe and Asia:
The 2013 version shows how our freedoms have been diminished, or corrupted into totally different forms.
Freedom from want? Poverty keeps getting worse. . .
Freedom from fear? The new Jim Crow. . .
Freedom of worship? Distorted by visions of the Rapture. . .
Freedom of speech? No, surveillance and harassment. . .
Mr. Bucheit offers longer explanations. I don't think I agree completely, but I'm interested in your opinion: Are we losing the Four Freedoms we fought for?
Tip of the old scrub brush to Bonnie Lesley, @EdFocus on Twitter.
There is a Four Freedoms Park on Roosevelt Island, off of Manhattan
Freedom from Fear 2010, a rather brilliant update by Dan Nance (and pricey!)
A lot more about Rockwell and his paintings, at the Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Great materials on FDR's "Four Freedoms" speech at the FDR Library in Hyde Park, New York; teachers, there's a fair deal of DBQ source material here
"Say, whatever happened to 'Freedom from Fear?'" Herblock cartoon in the Washington Post, August 13, 1951, on McCarthyism and the hunt for communists in government jobs. CJR290 image; click image for more information.
This entry was posted on Friday, February 1st, 2013 at 9:36 pm and is filed under 1941-1945, Franklin Roosevelt, Free speech, Freedom - Economic, Freedom - Political, Freedom of the Press, History, World War II.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
8 Responses to Four freedoms really at risk in America?
James Kessler says:
And lets not forget the gop's targeting our freedom to vote. From their voter id bills to their voting restrictions to their new one…truing to get rid of the 19th amendment
Four freedoms really at risk in America? FDR's January 6, 1941 speech should still inspire | Millard Fillmore's Bathtub says:
[…] This is mostly an encore post. […]
Ed Darrell says:
If the freedoms are at risk in America, here's part of the reason why:
1. http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2013/01/29/1510041/sandy-aid-republican-hypocrites/
2. http://suyts.wordpress.com/2013/01/30/keynesian-theory-destroyed-by-sandy-storm/
i have the Four Freedoms framed and on our living room wall. I've been looking for a nice, but inexpensive photograph or painting of FDR to go next to Dr. King in my office but haven't found one.
One would be wise to ask what movements and organizations most threaten each of the freedoms. Al Qaeda certainly threatens our freedom from fear. But West Point recently published a scholarly, in-depth study of domestic terrorist organizations. It got almost no media coverage. So while Americans are well aware of the Islamic terrorist, they are largely ignorant of the knuckle-dragger next door.
The other freedoms?
Who most threatens our freedom of religion? The noise machine on the far right claims it's liberalism. I beg to differ. Rockwell's painting is not of a Baptist camp meeting, a Roman Mass or a Pentecostal snake-handling service. It depicts Christians, Jews, a Muslim and some obvious skeptics. That's real freedom of religion. Not the sort that would force children to offer some token, rote Christian prayer at the start of a school day. (As Indiana State Senator Dennis Kruse has suggested.)
Who most threatens our freedom of speech? I may be missing something here but I don't see too much censorship in America. I am glad, though, that there are some restrictions on things like pornography. Not bans, mind you, but parental warnings and placement of certain material behind the counter. Is there censorship of ideas in America? I'll let others here hash that one out.
Who most threatens our freedom from want? Clearly, undoubtedly — it's the Tea Party, anti-government right and those who would perpetuate income inequality, poverty and joblessness. Has anyone compared the rate of pay between employees and CEOs in 1975 with today? Or compared today's American differential with that of the Japanese?
Just some random ramblings. Thanks for the article, Ed. It's wonderful.
JamesK says:
Hence why the GOP needs to be out of power for a good long while.
Paul Sunstone says:
I've heard it argued, Ed, that these developments are largely the result of government policies implemented over the past 30 years. If so, the trends would seem likely to continue unless the policies are changed.
See, for instance, The State of Working America. 12th Edition.
Poverty is increasing. The middle class is shrinking. Is this a temporary fluctuation, or a more sinister development?
Businessweek has the figures: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-09-12/record-u-dot-s-dot-poverty-rate-holds-as-inequality-grows
Freedom from want? I have been reading that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, that wealth is being concentrated in the hands of the richest 1% of the population, that the mean wage is stagnant or decreasing for the rest of us, and that the middle class is shrinking. I think the situation is getting critical.
mountvernon.org/digital-e…


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Just a Broke Kid with a Rolex
Pinaki
Nov 9, 2021 · 8 min read
I was a teenager in the mid-Nineties, as my life was slowly being ripped apart. And the ever-present background to that tragedy was always that bookshelf, filled with words and dreams from around the world. Even the bar that was nestled in it held the promise of faraway places. Far, far away was always better than here.
And on that bookshelf, the National Geographics represented everything I yearned for. The absolute pinnacle of existence. The masculine whiff of my father's Drakkar Noir would, I was sure, trail me as I roughed it out in the most exotic, godforsaken corners of the world, oscillating between great romances destined to fail and crushing loneliness guaranteed to lead to great writing. I not only knew the magazines intimately, down to the smell of their pages, but knew the styles and thoughts and lives of their best photographers. And there, as I took a deep breath of everything I wanted, and turned the cover, was a double-page spread.
A man. Standing triumphantly in a world of ice, hands up, holding a flag. "To the ends of the earth and the top of the world. Only two of us have made it." I didn't know Erling Kagge. But more importantly, more than the fact that he had been to the North Pole, the South Pole and Everest, was what he had worn: the Rolex Explorer. And there it was. His name and achievements inscribed into its solid block of stainless steel.
I stared. It was almost ugly in its perfection. Massive, indestructible, timeless. No batteries, just a mechanical beating heart that would be powered by your movement, your life. What dreams were made of. I was sold.
Our neighbor had one. He was a retired film director. He also had an old Mercedes, and when he sold the car for nothing, my father asked him why he hadn't told him it was available. Mr Sen said it would've been too painful to see it every day with someone else. These were sentiments that real men appreciated in each other. Men like Mr Sen, my father, and me. Mr Sen also had thoughts about his Rolex. He said he didn't treat it as anything special. It had to be worn through everything, even when he washed the dishes. The vision of Mr Sen washing dishes would never have occurred to me, just as I wouldn't ever have imagined my father making his own coffee. But I now pictured him over the sink, soap suds over his Rolex, making sure it knew its place, and his, in the universe. My heart swelled with pride.
But men like them, with their aquiline noses and veneer of Bengali aristocracy, were only one layer of thinning hair away from a rage so consuming it became their identity and pride. I know this, because I was such a man too. Even if I was barely a man.
Escape, and childhood dreams of National Geographics, were foremost on my mind. They were all I had. I would have gone anywhere, grabbed on to anything, followed anyone. But there was no one, and nothing.
First desert crossing, sometime around 2004
I drowned for a decade, and then the universe, barely pausing, spat out something at me, and I grabbed on to it for dear life. I was on my way to Oman. I took everything I had in the bank and changed money at the airport. It was perhaps the worst place to do that but I wouldn't have thought of exchange rates. I wouldn't have known the difference anyway. Thirty thousand rupees, three hundred rials. Numbers meant nothing to me. I could barely count how many fingers I had. Barely knew which day it was, which year had passed. Had one? Time slipped through my fingers, and I hadn't even noticed.
I had to be at the palatial hotel for the sultan's royal orchestra. I needed a suit. I had worn a jacket once, which a friend's mother had lent me. It had been her husband's. It was black and white, and I had a black Gap turtleneck that my girlfriend had got me from Paris. The sleeves of the jacket were too short but the lady said I should push them up like a rockstar. That's how I got into my prom in college.
The orchestra was playing that evening. I walked into Cerruti and saw a gray silk suit. It looked liked something my father would have chosen. Although he hadn't owned a suit either. How much? The Lebanese man had his hair slicked back. Years later, I would meet his girlfriend, who managed a shop. She told me "everything here is for sale.. except me." He threw a number at me. It might have been my entire salary. I bought it.
I had always blamed my lack of interest in money on my parents. They believed that children shouldn't have any involvement with it. So I never got pocket money. Things were either bought for me or they weren't. And numbers never made sense to me. Of all the things in life, maths held a particular horror. Arithmetic that could not be explained. Things just were. You just had to learn them. A formula just is. There was none of the poetry or song of words to speak to me, to soothe my brain as it quietly crumbled. Maths, grammar, time.. a world of no logic or explanation. I was staring at a wall. Those first glorious days of Montessori school were long over. No old Parsi ladies to fawn over me, no Banyan roots by the sea to swing on.
I was in what was supposed to be one of the best schools in the country, and it was awful. Each classroom was in the shape of a hexagon, with 50 students (my previous school had eight of us in the last year). And there were six classrooms for every year. Six hexagonal rooms attached to a central hexagon, and 300 of us in gray and white. Even the goddamn window grills were hexagonal, as were the school badges pinned on our uniforms. I threw up on my first day. The art teacher specified that each figure drawn in crayon had to be as large as the distance between our middle finger and thumb. The music teacher had a cane so long it drooped as its thin hatred sliced towards us, as he'd sting us on the legs if we didn't keep to the rhythm.
And, back home, my father's eyes would narrow into dangerous slits as I stared at that wall, numbers on my page. There was no way out. We all knew how it would end. My throat caved in on me. I wanted to cry, or scream, but I couldn't even croak. My father's ears turned purple. Those were days when I thought being beaten was normal.
My first impression of Oman was open space. Endless space, on that first drive from the airport. Sand and rock and heaven, over which I would lose myself over the next years. The nothingness of the desert was everything for me. That emptiness that others shrank away in horror from, that saved me. That was my world, and the further, the harsher, the better. The worse it was, the more it repelled the others, the more I wanted it. Was it revenge? Was it pride? Was it self-flagellation? Was it desperation?
I had crossed the desert in an Abu Shenab, and arrived at the sea. Shot on Fuji Velvia
I didn't care. I was on fire. I was in a LandCruiser at the edge of the desert. There was a lone Bedouin. Just me and him and hot sand. I recited the first paragraph of Arabic greeting. And then words without grammar. He was going to take me to the other side of the desert. Just like that, on the spot. We decided that, man to man. First, he took me to his tent. An actual tent like in the movies. His wife was inside, her head uncovered, her long black hair loose. I thought I had to look away, but she walked to me, stretched out her hand and shook mine. The Bedouin have a freedom and poetry to themselves that people of the little cities of the interior never could imagine. I have always found this character in people who live in such places, from Oman to the loneliest depths of the Swiss alps. And I have always followed it.
They shared their lunch of goat and rice and ghee with me. And after, he jumped into my car and drove me hours across the desert. At the end, the dunes swelled up, and there was a different blue on the horizon: the sea. And there, gathered at the edge of the world, were a crowd of Bedouin who had come back from the ocean, unloading their catch on to their LandCruiser pickups known as Abu Shenabs. And above us, thousands of birds, almost blotting out the sun, just as the squid ink blotted the sand. And my heart, bursting.
When I wasn't dreaming of the Bedouin and deserts, I'd explore the inner neighborhoods of Muscat, the capital. It was also home, and where my office was. And where the Rolex showroom was, too. It took me years to walk in. And for the first time in my life, I saw the Explorer. It was even bigger than I had imagined. National Geographic hadn't done it justice. You could kill someone with it. I tried it on. It was a shattering experience. My arms, which hadn't done a day's worth of physical work, looked ridiculous with it on. Maybe if I had been a sailor, or a miner, or a man who had gone to both poles and Everest… But I was not that man.
But there, away from the spotlight, something looked back at me. Something much smaller. Simplicity and elegance in stainless steel. So understated no one would ever know. And no one ever has, all these years, as it wound itself with every movement I have made since, across continents and lives, as time ran through my fingers. But mostly, I don't think of it. It's just a part of my body.
But, every once in a while, I remember. And when I raise it to my ear, I can just about hear that clicking that has never stopped since I first put it on. Something like a guarantee, in a life of none. Or perhaps a promise made to oneself. Maybe even a dream one once had.
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KERN HEALTH
Kern Education
"Switching Culture" In Streaming and TV Is Now A Thing
Arturo Gutierrez
We've been entertaining this hypothesis; that video viewers can and will follow preferred content wherever it goes. Regardless of platform, cable service provider, or mobile device, consumers can now comfortably navigate different service providers.
In a not so distant past, consumers were locked into single service providers by geographical boundaries. Entire counties could only be serviced with content from one cable company, for a determined amount of time, and if lucky, that might include a packaged bundle consisting of an email address (that you never used) and some Wi-Fi enabling equipment. Don't get us wrong, a bundle is still a wonderful tool for selling services that bring great value to consumers; however, the market has changed so much over the years that the cost savings associated with bundles have become increasingly challenged.
Some insights shared from 451 Research last October made it clear that Pay TV Customers are actively looking for special deals and promotions to switch from their current providers. From skinny tv packages to no equipment or rental fees, a desire to not only tailor but meet a growing demand of needs is persistent in the market for media and entertainment companies. Now, consider these needs alongside the growth of streaming behavior (HBO announced last week it grew from 2 to 5 million subscribers in the past year), its penetration across all age groups, pervasiveness in all devices, and it may lead one to wonder if content providers (OTT, TV, Satellite) can not only address consumers' swiftly changing behavior but also retain them long-term and mitigate churn.
This got us thinking beyond "why are people switching?" to the following questions:
What has happened in the marketplace that has allowed for switching to occur so easily?
Can customers in a multi-device world with multiple needs be retained long term?
Today we'll share our understanding as to changes in the marketplace that have resulted in the shift to switch providers and to do so regularly and readily. We'll cover long-term retention at a later time as it will require a more complex analysis.
Simply put, the pieces are in place. Cancellation fees and long-term contracts are no longer a barrier for TV viewers to leave one provider for another. Quality content has become ubiquitous, even available as a free add-on through new means (T-Mobile One and Netflix), and its shortened seasonal nature has become a perfect moment for viewers to jump around from one service to another within short periods of time. In March, a viewer may sign up for an OTT product delivering free Showtime so they can catch the latest season of Billionaires. Only to cancel their subscription to join HBO NOW for the newest season of Ballers. Additionally:
Devices like Chromecast and Amazon Firestick have become increasingly affordable. In most cases, the cost is less than a month's cable bill.
Internet speed is becoming a bit of a commodity… "it's fast enough." Finding an ISP with the fastest internet is no longer a priority, it's all fast.
It's questionable where loyalty lies… with the content, or the pipes that provide it?
Net-Net
As traditional barriers to switch, like price and contracts, continue to disappear, more high-quality content and preferred content becomes accessible across multiple channels, content providers should continue to feel increasingly pressured to not only expand acquisition and engagement programs but place even more emphasis on win-back strategies.
Customers will leave, but it looks like the market has created an environment where it's even easier to come back.
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Index of Films
Scene on a Sunday: Complete List
Encore Awards: 2012
Essential Performances of the '90s Tournament: Round Two, Showdown 12
Thanks for voting all, there are still more than half a dozen open polls (all HERE) so help me find the finest performance of the 90s.
The full bracket is HERE and if you're new to the showdown, background on its genesis is HERE. If you're interested enough and love any of the upcoming performances feel free to defend them on your own blogs and send me a link so (information HERE).
This poll closes in five days.
Leonardo DiCaprio in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993) as Arnie Grape
"It is hard to see a young Leo in there. We just see this extraordinary character." - Andrew B.
I've said it before and elsewhere but I become so focused on the work that DiCaprio does here that I keep thinking he's so much younger than he actually is here. There's an impressive ininhibitedness in his performance devoid of any actorly tics and the performance floors you just because of how earnest he is. Random: it's a toss-up between this, The Aviator and Revolutionary Road for my favourite Leo but his scenes with Depp are some of the finest acted ones of his career.
Stevee (Cinematic Paradox) writes a send-up to DiCaprio's performance here.
Uma Thurman in Pulp Fiction (1994) as Mia Wallace
"Uma channels her inner Anjelica Huston; a hawk-eyed seductress whose powers lie precisely in her mystery." - Jose
Jose pointed to it in his initial write-up - Uma is such a unique performer (aesthetically and in her talents) and her performance here works so well because Tarantino's script and camera make for such good use of that individuality. Uma had been performing for half a decade before, but this was the first specific use of her cadence. Random: 90s Travolta for me was only as good as his costars and between Jackson and Thurman his performance her becomes that much better.
poll by twiigs.com
Posted by Andrew K. at 17:38
Labels: 90s Showdown, Leonardo DiCaprio, Pulp Fiction, Uma Thurman, What's Eating Gilbert Grape
alleyandthemovies said...
Why Leo did not win an Oscar for WEGG is beyond me. Well, for any performance of his for that matter. I try to decipher his career in this article: http://randomfilmbuff.com/2012/04/01/why-hasnt-leonardo-dicaprio-won-an-oscar-yet-20/
Nick Prigge said...
If Uma loses, I don't think my heart can go on.
Leo has his share of haters and I'm not his best backer career wise but yes, they should have given him the Oscar no matter how much of a gamble that would have been at the time to invest an accolade on such a young and unpredictable actor.
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Song Review: Sexy Zone – Let's Music
Posted on March 24, 2021 by Nick 9 Comments
For a brief, shining moment last fall, Sexy Zone were five again. However, they've been knocked back to four as member Marius takes a break from the industry to focus on health. But even with these constant shifts in configuration, the group has somehow forged one of the strongest singles runs in modern J-pop. From 2018's Suppin Kiss/Karakuri Darake No Tenderness to the newly-released Let's Music, the group can't seem to take a musical misstep. Even more impressive, each of these songs has operated within a totally different set of genres and influences.
For Let's Music, the guys have adopted a brassy funk style. Think: SHINee's Married to the Music as filtered through the Johnny's prism. There's almost no chance of this going wrong, and Let's Music is another total standout for Sexy Zone. The song is a blast of joy. It's a celebration of music, driven by the group's personality-filled performance.
Let's Music brings me back to 2015-16, when global smash Uptown Funk inspired a surplus of brass-heavy pop in both Korea and Japan. It's a style that's hard to screw up, as its natural ebullience just elicits smiles. This song has a goofy appeal, fueled by chants and conversational verses supported by a kaleidoscope of rhythmic elements. At its center is an explosive chorus, bounding with spirit before segueing into an ascending post-chorus hook that begs for mass sing-alongs. The arrangement has a freewheeling energy, and becomes groovier as it goes on. But thanks to Sexy Zone's equally fun vocals, Let's Music never feels like a rip-off. It's distinctly them, and effortlessly charming.
Bias 10
(Youtube version edits out the second verse)
Tags: j-pop, Johnny's Entertainment, jpop, rating 9, review, sexy zone. Bookmark the permalink.
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9 thoughts on "Song Review: Sexy Zone – Let's Music"
You know this is awesome! I like how the brass in the verse seems to be a bari sax, which is a little more esoteric of a tone for brass pop. While the track is certainly funky, the brass also gets kinda epic. I feel like producers either do epic or funky horns, but I like that this track gives us both. I dk why but the chorus horns are kinda like a simpler the Chaser too haha.
I love how this song gets going and love where it takes us.
Really fun! I also like the power behind the singing, especially in the chorus.
yan zaman says:
Oh! Now I have been obsessing over this song over the past hour, Married To The Music is one of my favorite SHINee Tracks, but even I can say that Sexy Zone's version is much, much better. Something about their vocal tones is so triumphant!
Discount Seungmin says:
I cannot agree! I still prefer the polish of SHINee, but both tracks are great. I just want as much of this uptown funky sound as I can get.
Sexy Zone are currently in an imperial phase, and one of the best I've seen in modern times. I am not as much of a funk fan as most people on this blog, and I think that is because modern funk has lost any previous goals. Let's Music has a goal to be fun and it succeeds. Really enjoy it!
Anything that sounds inspired by Uptown Funk is an instant favourite for me! Somehow I thought this was not a new song because the title gave me a strong sense of deja vu.
Oh this is a lot of fun. Uncomplicated fun. I love how delightfully slightly shaggy SexyZone are. It takes a lot of talent to be this way.
EijiDoesThings says:
where can i find the full version? just wondering.
Unfortunately, with most Johnnys songs you've got to buy the physical cds to get the full version. You might be able to find the full mv or song on bilibili if you search?
im back a year later and i still havent found the full song help me pls


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DEMOCRATS STILL BUSY SCHEMING TO GET OUR GUNS…
Posted by From the Front Porch on November 25, 2015
Yet another warning shot has now been fired across the bow of those of us law abiding citizens who choose to own a gun. We who desire nothing more than our constitutionally guaranteed right to protect ourselves and our families from those who would wish to do us harm. At a time when our president has seen fit to release thousands of convicted criminals from prison, allow millions into this country illegally and is now permitting an unknown number of Muslim terrorists in our country, it's members of his own party who now wish leave the American people so thoroughly vulnerable to a increasing population of potentially violent offenders.
This most recent shot over the bow comes in the form of what is nothing more than a very thinly veiled threat from one of the top-ranking Democrats in the Senate who vowed that his party will "bring a universal background check bill to the floor of the Senate early next year." It was none other than 'Little Chuckie' Schumer of New York who made this threat last Friday while at the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. He was there, oddly enough, to be honored with the "Sarah Brady Visionary Award," named after the wife of former President Ronald Reagan's press secretary Jim Brady, who was shot and left brain-damaged by an attempted Reagan assassin in 1981.
A press release issued by the pro-gun control organization quoted Chuckie's promise/threat to pursue the legislation, and he referenced 1993's Brady Act, which mandated federal background checks and imposed a five-day waiting period on gun purchases in the U.S. Chuckie said, "The Brady Bill proved – proved – that we could do something in this country to make our communities and neighborhoods safer without in any way abridging rights or threatening a legitimate part of the American heritage." However, there have been any number of studies that have shown that the Brady Bill has had virtually no impact on the number of gun homicides.
But none of that was enough to keep Chuckie from spewing his standard anti-gun drivel to what was, I'm quite sure, a very friendly crowd. Chuckie said, "The Brady Bill was step one… but it was always incomplete. We need to close the loopholes that still remain in the background check system and finish the job that Jim and Sarah Brady started so many years ago. If we could do it then, we can do it now…. We are going to bring the universal background check bill to the floor of the Senate, early next year, and with your help we're going to win!" Well, with the president cadre of limp-wrists Republicans, Democrats may well succeed here.
And it was in reference to a bill that would ban people who are on the terror watch list from purchasing guns that we heard White House Spokesmoron Josh Earnest, just yesterday, expressed his hope that Americans would discuss the need for gun control over Thanksgiving dinner. He said, "As people are sitting around the Thanksgiving table talking about these issues — as they should and I'm sure they all will across the country — I hope that is a question that will be raised and asked by members around the table." I'm not sure about anyone else, but any discussion about guns that comes up at my table won't involve any sort of gun control debate.
The new bill to which our esteemed Mr. Earnest alluded is one that many Democrats have now dubbed the Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act of 2015. It would give the U.S. attorney general, you know the very trustworthy Loretta Lynch, the authority to "deny the sale, delivery, or transfer of a firearm or the issuance of a firearms or explosives license or permit to dangerous terrorists." And according to several of the bill's Democratic sponsors, the proposed law would allow the attorney general to deny a criminal background check clearance to any individual whose name appears on the national terror watch list.
The huge problem with this expansive new power is that there are precisely zero statutory criteria for inclusion on this massive list. In fact, when statutory authority for the centralized government database was first codified into law via the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Congress gave all authority for determining criteria for inclusion in the watch list to unelected, unaccountable government bureaucrats. So now, if some faceless Beltway bureaucrat decides you might be a terrorist, then guess what, you're a terrorist. Needless to say the NRA is wary of such a bill due to what it says are numerous incidences of people being wrongly placed on the list.
And I think it might be worth noting here, that this terrorism watch list already has over one million names on it. Which does cause me some level of trepidation in light of just how eager the Democrats seem to be in their effort to violate our Constitution. And it's unlikely that those of us who legally own a gun will get any meaningful assistance from our gutless Republicans in Congress. And as I have made note of before, more laws are not what's needed, what's needed is for the laws currently on the books need to be enforced. But to do so doesn't accomplish for the Democrats that which they so desperately want. A completely unarmed American public.
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DEMOCRATS SAY, "YOU DON'T NEED TO WORRY ABOUT THEM PESKY TERRORISTS…YOU NEED TO WORRY ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE"…
OBAMA WATCHES AS THE WORLD GOES UP IN FLAMES…


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North America retains slim lead at 2018 WFG Continental Cup
By Terry L. Davis | Jan. 13, 2018, 5:27 p.m. (ET)
North America retains lead at 2018 WFG Continental Cup
(LONDON, Ontario) – Team North America retained its small lead over Team World as two more draws of the 2018 WFG Continental Cup of Curling came to a close at the Sports Centre at Western Fair District.
USA's Nina Roth rink scored a point in the eighth end to secure a tie with Sweden's Anna Hasselborg rink to add a half point to Team North America's total. North America leads Team World, 14-13, with three draws left to determine the 2018 champion.
Roth (McFarland, Wis.) and her team of Tabitha Peterson (St. Paul, Minn.), Aileen Geving (Duluth, Minn.), and Becca Hamilton (McFarland, Wis.) had a tight match with the Swedish Olympic squad and led 3-1 at the halfway mark. The Swedish ladies scored a deuce to start the second half and held the Americans to a single in the eighth to force the tie. Games at this event can end in a tie with the available points then split. North America picked up a point when Brad Gushue's team defeated Team World's Thomas Ulsrud, 7-2. However, Team World's Satsuki Fujisawa rink defeated North America's Rachel Homan, also by a 7-2 score, leaving Team North America with just a modest one-point lead in the race to the Cup title. The first side to reach 30.5 will be the Cup champion.
One more draw of team competition remains tonight with USA's John Shuster rink taking on Switzerland's Peter de Cruz rink at 7 p.m. ET. Tomorrow the point totals will increase as skins competitions take place at 2:30 and 7 p.m. Roth's team will battle Japan's Fuijiawa rink while Shuster will take on de Cruz's Swiss team once again in the 2:30 draw.
In the morning draw of mixed doubles, USA's Roth, Peterson, Geving, and John Landsteiner (Duluth, Minn.) each played four ends in a 9-6 loss to Team World's Rasmus Wrana (Sweden), Yumi Suzuki (Japan), Agnes Knochenhauer (Sweden), and Torger Nergard (Norway).
ESPN is carrying all of the Cup action on its live streaming app. Go to www.espn.com/watch to follow along. Live scores from the event are posted at http://www.curling.ca/2018continentalcup/results/.
USA line score:
North America (Roth) 002 101 01 – 5
*World (Hasselborg) 010 020 10 – 5
Other game scores, Draw 8: North America (Gushue) 7, World (Ulsrud) 2; World (Fujisawa) 7, North America (Homan) 2
Overall points: Team Doubles Skins Total
North America 8 6 0 14
World 7 6 0 13
7 p.m., Team
Sheet A — Team De Cruz (World) vs. Team Shuster (North America)
Sheet B — Team Tirinzoni (World) vs. Team Englot (North America)
Sheet C — Team Edin (World) vs. Team Koe (North America)
2:30 p.m. and 7 p.m., skins. Matchups listed here.
What's at stake:
Each side has three men's and three women's teams; the winning side receives $52,000 Cdn ($2,000 per member, including captain and coach), while the losing side gets $26,000 ($1,000 per member, including captain and coach). As well, the side that generates the highest points total from the six skins games will receive an additional $13,000 ($500 per player, plus captain and coach).
About the event:
The Continental Cup is similar to golf's Ryder Cup and features six teams from Canada and the U.S. taking on six teams from Team World in traditional team competition, mixed doubles, and skins with the chance to win $52,000 (Cdn) and the Cup title. North America is on a five-year win streak after capturing the title once again in Las Vegas last January.
This is the 14th edition of the World Financial Group Continental Cup. North America has won the Cup in 2002 in Regina, 2004 and 2007 in Medicine Hat, Alta., 2011 in St. Albert, Alta., 2013 in Penticton, B.C., 2014 in Las Vegas, 2015 in Calgary and back-to-back titles in 2016 and 2017 in Las Vegas. Team World emerged victorious in 2003 in Thunder Bay, Ont., 2006 in Chilliwack, B.C., 2008 in Camrose, Alta., and 2012 in Langley, B.C.
To learn more about the Continental Cup, go to http://www.curling.ca/2018continentalcup/.
USA Curling is sponsored by AtomOS, Nike, Brooms Up Curling Supplies, Cheetos, CryoMAX 8-Hour Cold Pack, Sitrin, The RAM Restaurant & Brewery, Thorne, BalancePlus, ISS (Ice, Sports & Solar Systems), and Brakebush, and is partnered with Laurie Artiss Ltd. – The Pin People, United Airlines, 12th End Sports Network, and CurlingZone.
For more information: Terry Davis, Director of Communications, terry.davis@usacurl.org, 608-338-9900 (mobile) or 715-344-1199, Ext. 202 (office).
American men pick up another big win in London Jan. 12, 2018
U.S. ladies secure win over Switzerland to help Team North America close gap Jan. 12, 2018
Late steal propels Japan past USA ladies at 2018 Continental Cup Jan. 11, 2018
Team World expands Continental Cup lead Jan. 11, 2018
Team World takes early lead at 2018 Continental Cup Jan. 11, 2018
Continental Cup matchups announced Jan. 10, 2018
Olympic Team heads to 2018 WFG Continental Cup this week Jan. 07, 2018
Aileen Geving
Becca Hamilton
Nina Roth
Tabitha Peterson