text:
Clinics 'peddling false hope for autism with potentially hazardous 14,000 cell therapy' – Mirror Online
By daniellenierenberg
Clinics have been accused of peddling false hope to parents of autistic children with potentially hazardous treatment.
A Sunday People probe found dozens of private firms charging up to 14,000 for stem cell therapy, claiming it provides a whole range of benefits.
Clinics insist the treatment in which donor cells are fed into a patients bloodstream via a drip can help improve youngsters social skills, speech and concentration.
But there are counter-claims that the therapy is unproven, could be distressing for children and even cause them more harm than good.
One mum blasted adverts for it as horrifying while other parents who forked out huge sums of cash complained it had little effect.
One called the therapy a 99 per cent failure and another said: I spent a ton of money on my two kids and nothing happened.
Professor Richard Mills, consultant for non-profit AT-Autism, said: Stem cell therapy is regarded within the medical community as potentially quite hazardous and there isnt so far a reliable evidence base that would cause it to be recommended.
It is controversial and experimental and Im not aware of any independent studies which prove it works.
Prof Mills said parents should see the high costs, the absence of regulated independent trials and testimonials as red flags of caution.
He added there were also huge ethical issues linked to treating children who may lack the capacity to consent to it.
He said: Using an intravenous injection, an infusion of fluid goes into the brain, which is unpleasant at best and may be highly distressing and traumatic for an autistic child.
One in every 100 kids in the UK has some form of autism, for which there is no medical cure.
The clinics we found work on the disputed premise that autism is a neurological disorder with clear causes that can be altered by intervention.
Most say stem cells, which can develop into other types of bodily cells and renew themselves, will have a reparative effect on the brain.
Stem cells are approved for treating some blood conditions, skin grafts and cornea repairs but remain unproven in regard to autism.
Only after full clinical trials can procedures be declared safe and better than existing treatments.
Prof Mills went on: These practitioners attempt to interfere with the core symptoms of autism, as they put it, but the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has said there are no proven ways of altering this.
The Autism Regenerative Centre in Marylebone, central London, claims to have given therapy to over 500 children since 2014 without complications and says 80 per cent of them showed improvement.
An online ad for the private clinic says its treatments pass beyond the limitations of conventional therapies. We found further clinics around the world advertising in English and welcoming patients of all nationalities.
Swiss Medica features an online testimonial from a British family whose autistic child was treated at its premises in Goldach, Switzerland.
The online clip shows Paul from Reading saying the treatment in the UK is not what we liked for his three-year-old autistic son, but that the family were now feeling more optimistic.
The Swiss clinics website claims conventional treatment methods for autism only smooth out the specific symptoms, targeting one or two of them, whereas stem cell therapy is an entirely new tool.
The Stem Cell Institute in Panama charges between 10,000 and 13,000 for four-day packages for children.
It says the therapy decreases inflammation in the brain which may alleviate autism symptoms.
German International Clinic in Frankfurt charges more than 14,000 for the procedure, which it says will be effective for just three to eight months and recommends follow-up sessions.
It lists improved communication ability and memory as benefits.
But Brit mum Emma Dalmayne, whose children Damien, 12, and Skylar, seven, are autistic, was disgusted by the ads.
Emma, 44, who is autistic herself and runs the Autistic Inclusive Meets group, said: Its horrifying that parents of vulnerable children are being presented with a medical procedure thats not scientifically proven.
There has to be regulation to stop this. Emma, of Woolwich, south-east London, begged families to invest in occupational and speech therapies instead.
She warned: If you go down the pseudo-science route, youll be encouraged to part with huge sums of money that could otherwise go towards a proven therapy.
One US mum who spent 30,000 on treatment for her two kids in Mexico with no results said she believed stem cell therapy was a scam.
The woman, a 52-year-old nurse from New York who took out loans to fund the treatment, was taken in by online testimonials.
But she said: Nothing happened, nothing at all. Its a money-maker there are a lot of desperate people out there.The National Autistic Society accused firms of exploiting parents.
Director of external affairs Jane Harris said she was not aware of any stem cell trials for autism, and added: Private companies are taking advantage of autistic people and their families, asking them to pay for unproven and even dangerous treatments.
Dr Jon Goldin, vice chair of the Child and Adolescent faculty at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: There is currently no known cure for autism nor is there any scientific evidence that stem cells can be used safely and effectively as a treatment.
Labour MP Jonathan Reynolds, vice chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on autism and father of an autistic son, said: It is incredibly worrying to hear that people might be being exploited when they are in such a vulnerable position.
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text:
Q: How to write object list to textfile with just the properties? I am trying to write my list to a txt file. But instead of adding the properties of my list object items.
Like just Animal.Name, Animal.Number etc. It also adds the ToString() text in front of each property.
How do I prevent this from happening? I know I can do txt.Write(animal.Name, animal.Number etc.) but can't I simply exclude the ToString values?
public void Save(string fileName)
        {
            Txt = new StreamWriter(@"path" + fileName);
            foreach(Animal animals in Animals)
            {
                Txt.Write(animals + "\n");
            }
            Txt.Close();
        }

This is my ToString():
        public override ToString()
{
            string info = "Animal ID: " + ChipRegistrationNumber
                          + "\nAnimal Birthdate: " + DateOfBirth
                          + "\nAnimal Name: " + Name
                          + "\nAnimal Status: " + IsReservedString
                          + "\nAnimal Gender: " + Gender;

            return info;
}

The current output in my textfile is:
Animal ID: 0
Animal Birthdate: 10-12-1999
Animal Name: Snoopy
Animal Status: Not reserved
Animal Gender: Male
Days since last walk: 34
Dog Price: €200,00

So I just want the object data from the list not the ToString.

A: You can add another method ToShortString():
 public string ToShortString()
{
            string info = ChipRegistrationNumber + DateOfBirth + Name + IsReservedString + Gender;
            return info;
}

Then you can call this method in your loop:
foreach(Animal animals in Animals)
            {
                Txt.Write(animals.ToShortString() + "\n");
            }

If your properties of your Animal class change often, you can also use reflection. But this will decrease your performance.
public string ToShortString()
{
            PropertyInfo[] properties = GetType().GetProperties();
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            foreach(var prop in properties)
            {
                result.Append(prop.GetValue(this));
            }
            return result.ToString();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ON BEING OLD
(Formerly "The Getting Old Blog")
GETTING TO 128: A Memoir
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION
PERRY: A Memoir
SELECTED ESSAYS AND OTHER SHORT PIECES
SELECTED NON-FICTION
WHY BLOG ABOUT GETTING OLD?
MUSICAL CHAIRS December 24, 2019
READY, SET, GO — AGAIN! October 19, 2018
STILL TIMELY: A 14TH-CENTURY CASE OF OF ASSAULT October 4, 2018
LIFE LESSON FROM LAW SCHOOL October 3, 2018
GAME CHANGER, NAME CHANGER September 20, 2018
NEW TRAVEL COMPANION September 2, 2018
SO WHAT HAPPENED? August 28, 2018
NEVER TOO OLD FOR ADVENTURE! September 11, 2017
OLD'S NOT ALWAYS BAD September 3, 2017
PROUSTIAN MEMORY August 31, 2017
advertising advice Age Anecdote anti-semitism Baku blogging Books Boyfriend cartoons Cat Cats children college conversation cooking courage dating Death dialogue dieting divorce dream Early Twentieth Century history eating ethics Extreme Old Age family family history fantasy father fear feminism fiction food getting old Greece happiness History humor husband Joy law law firm law school Learning About Life letter writing Life Literature loneliness Loss love Lydia Davis Madison Avenue marriage Me meditation memoir memories Memory Men Michael Raginsky Mother old age old old age pain philosophy photographs photography photos pronunciation questions quotations reading Real Life relationships romance Russia sadness self-awareness self awareness self help sex short story sleep Social history Soviet Union spring Summer survival the age thing Time travel vanity Weight loss words World War II Writing writing short youth
Follow ON BEING OLD on WordPress.com
GRAN HOTEL: YOU'LL NEVER LEAVE!
HINTS ON ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION FOR FOREIGNERS
PROUSTIAN MEMORY
WHO WANTS TO READ LONG SHORT STORIES WITH ME?
READY, SET, GO -- AGAIN!
WRITING SHORT: 47/50
[Come summer heat, much of my blogging momentum melts away. Hence an experiment until Labor Day: fifty minimalist posts about whatever.]
For some mothers, the hard part is never over.
A high-functioning daughter is on the phone. Such a nice surprise. "We've just rented a beach house for next August," she says. "You'll have to come for a weekend. The kids will be back from day camp then. Bob and I will both have off."
It's only October. What closely scheduled lives. But the mother knows she can't say that. "Oh, lovely," she replies. "Something to look forward to."
Christmas and New Year's come and go. Easter rolls round. The mother thinks about summer. She hardly ever sees these young grandchildren now all three are in school and then rushing to after-school sports, music lessons, playdates. At least those are the excuses.
"Which weekend should I plan on?" she asks carefully at a dinner given by her son-in-law's mother. The daughter's face assumes a familiar unpleasant expression. "No weekend, actually. We owe such a lot of people. We've invited too many as it is."
Did the daughter forget the invitation? Or had it become inconvenient? "I thought it was a big house," says the mother, not having learned from experience. "I could also come during the week." She hates herself for having to beg.
The daughter is decisive. "Not such a big house. And we need the weekdays to recover from the guests." She offers a tight smile, as if what she'd said was amusing.
The mother perseveres. "So does that mean I won't be seeing you this summer?"
"You" could be taken as plural. But the mother really means singular "you" — the "you" who used to be her difficult, brilliant, much loved baby girl. "Looks like it," says the daughter. "Maybe we can find time in the fall. I'll check with Bob."
Why be surprised? For a long time, the mother's been on tenterhooks with this daughter. Should she have nailed down her August weekend with a confirming email last October? Who does such things with family? It's been explained by others (counselor, doctor, childless friend) that with this disorder, the daughter can't know how it makes the mother feel. She shouldn't take it personally.
The mother nods. Easy for them to say.
It's not their daughter, she thinks. Not their heart that hurts.
[Reblogged from June 23, 2015]
Tags Anecdote, feelings, High-functioning Asperger's, mother love, Mothers and Daughters, Real Life, story
A well-known Boston law firm shattered, and its various rain-making partners took their business and legal staff elsewhere. One of those partners came to the firm where I was an associate. He needed more lawyers to work on his cases; I was drafted. That's how I met Attorney S., a former full partner at the now-defunct firm, only a "contract" partner without equity at this one. She was fashionable, hard-working, judgmental and cold. A superb trial lawyer, she had absolutely no mentoring skills. The other associates called her "The Ice Queen."
However, there was a certain unspoken camaraderie at that firm among its few women lawyers. Not that anyone would have laid her job on the line for you. But when my mother died and I went to tell Attorney S. I'd be away for five days, she came out from behind her majestic partner desk and put her arms around me. When I informed her, among others, that I'd been given a year's notice, she was the only one who actually gave me names of contacts with whom to begin my job search. And long after the partners decided to rehire me to practice in another department and she herself had left to join a new boutique firm as a full equity partner, she sporadically stayed in touch. Then she offered me a better job.
Of course, I was grateful. But at the boutique firm, was she now any friendlier? She occasionally invited me to one of her parties, if the guest list was short. We might have lunch, if she found herself free. But on weekends she never had time. That's when she shopped, and socialized with more important people. After moving to Princeton, I now and then sent emails; she always answered, never wrote first. From a distance I pitied her: no children, no close family, no longer young. So year after year I also sent birthday greetings. And each time she replied she was so happy I remembered — yet never sent greetings to me.
At last, I gave up. As they used to say, it takes two to tango. Whatever she felt and couldn't express, who needs that kind of friend?
Tags Anecdote, friendship, Life, memoir, Relationship, Self respect, Uneven playing field, Women lawyers
What if I'd been less timid in days gone by? Such as when teaching Freshman English at USC. Aged twenty-two, I would sit cross-legged on the front desk in pencil skirt and white linen blouse, imparting my view of life to a group of sorority and fraternity pledges, a few Korean War vets, and several members of the Freshman football team who sat slouched against the back wall, exchanging sotto voce opinions about my ankles and other anatomical parts.
The weekly writing assignments generally resulted in compositions mediocre to bad. (I was not an easy grader.) However, one stood out. The writer had a strong sense of what was wrong with the world and no hesitation about putting it on paper. Despite his technical mistakes, I gave him an A minus and a "See me."
He was eighteen, and not frat material. Not a jock either. Strongly built, tall and suspicious, he was racking up D's and F's in all his other courses. They were basically crap, he said. He'd pretty much stopped going. How come the A minus? I told him how come. I encouraged him. He wrote more. He never missed a class. He hung around afterwards, wanting to talk. Intrigued, I listened.
His father had thrown him out a year before, for unacceptable behaviors he didn't itemize. He was living on his own and paying for college by running drugs into California from Mexico on a boat belonging to his uncle. (Whether the uncle knew was not made clear.) He'd had girls, but never a keeper. Soon he was wishing for someone like me.
I had a steady boyfriend. Tony was my student, and four years younger. But I'd never before met a strong, angry drug runner who wanted someone like me. I let him buy me a beer.
We had the beer at an out-of-the-way bar where no one would see. Then his eyes asked the question. I chickened out. The next semester, he left school. He'd knocked up a girl and was marrying her. He said It was the right thing to do.
All the same, I sometimes wonder. Suppose I'd gone down the road less traveled. Would my life have been different? Would his?
Tags Anecdote, memoir, Memory, questions, Risk, Robert Frost, sex, Teacher-student relationship, Timidity, writing short
WE'RE HAVING A BAH, HUMBUG HOLIDAY AT OUR HOUSE
I was at the upscale pet food store at the mall earlier today to nail down a bag of the fancy frozen raw venison chunks with which we spoil our cats at dinnertime. (The store only stocks one or two of these a week. Not many cat owners as nutsy as me out there.)
No one else was in the store yet. I had two young male clerks entirely at my disposal. "Happy Holidays," they chorused as I paid.
"Thanks, but I take the 'bah, humbug' approach," I said, putting on my agent provocateur hat. "Now that my kids are grown with kids of their own, and all of them are somewhere else, I'd just as soon pass on the holidays. I've mailed out the presents. I'm ready for January 2."
One of the clerks — the taller, cuter one — laughed. "I don't care about Christmas either, " he said. "But I can't wait till New Year's Eve."
Cuteness shouldn't count but it does, so I was conciliatory. "Well, you're a guy. But I always dreaded New Year's Eve because it meant going to parties where you had to be kissed at midnight by men you'd rather not be kissed by."
They both were kind enough to laugh again. (Clearly they had nothing better to do until another customer showed up.) Encouraged, I went on: "So all those New Year's Eves have run together in my mind and I can specifically remember only two. One was in 1949, before you were born, when my boyfriend took me to a party at friends of his parents to admire a small black-and-white television set, the first any of us had seen. We all sat around on bridge chairs in front of it, with the lights out, as if it were a shrine. Holding hands in the dark was nice, though."
My mentioning 1949 must have silenced them, allowing me to continue. "And the second was in 1959 when we were all toasting Fidel Castro for having come down from the Sierra Maestra to bring democracy to Cuba. A lot we knew. The midnight kissing at that party wasn't so great either. But all the thousands and thousands of other New Year's Eves in my life? Nada! Gone with the wind!"
Tall and cute tried to top me. "I went to one a couple of years ago where I drank so much I got sick right at the party and vomited all over myself, the couch, somebody's shoes, the rug….." He chuckled in happy reminiscence. (And this is the guy who can't wait to ring in 2015.)
"Well, there you go," I said, feeling we'd now run the subject into the ground and it was time to leave. "When you're in your eighties, you'll have at least one good New Year's Eve story to tell!"
The idea of being in their eighties was even funnier than the vomit. Merry peals of laughter followed me out the door.
But you all have yourself a real good holiday. And never mind grumpy old us. We'll be having one, too. Only our way.
Tags Anecdote, Bah Humbug, Cats, getting old, Holiday Spirit, photos
[A follower of this blog who prefers to remain anonymous and therefore never posts comments online sent me an anecdote by email yesterday that she thought might be right up my alley because it takes place in a courtroom. I haven't been inside a courtroom (professionally or otherwise) for upwards of nine years. But she did roll it up the right alley. Whether it's the old Pavlov's dog reflex, or simply the new blogging me always on the qui vive for fresh material, I asked if I could use it, without attribution of course, and she at once replied, "You betcha." Rest assured it has no redeeming intellectual value whatsoever.]
Anglo-American juries may be comprised of twelve people not smart enough to get out of jury duty. But you can usually count on them not to be bamboozled in the end.
A defendant was on trial for murder. Overwhelming evidence in the record indicated guilt. But there was no corpse! Suspecting his client would nevertheless be convicted unless he could raise last-minute doubt in the minds of the jurors, counsel for the defense resorted to a trick in his closing statement.
"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury," he said, as he openly checked his watch. "I have a surprise for you all. In exactly one minute, the person my client is charged with having murdered will walk into this courtroom." He spun on his heels and looked directly at the courtroom door. The jurors, stunned expressions on their faces, all turned expectantly to the courtroom door as well.
A minute elapsed. The door remained closed. Defense counsel then turned back to the jurors. "And now, ladies and gentlemen of the jury," he said, "I have a confession to make. I lied to you just now. I have no idea where the alleged victim in this case may be. But you all looked eagerly to the door when I promised he would walk through it. Therefore I put it to you that each and every one of you has a reasonable doubt as to whether anyone was killed in this case, and you must return a verdict of not guilty!"
The jury retired to deliberate. It took them very little time to return. "And what is your verdict?" inquired the judge. "Guilty!" pronounced the foreman.
"But how?" stammered counsel for the defense. "You must have had some doubt. I saw all of you stare at the door."
"Yes, we looked," the foreman replied. "But your client didn't."
Tags Anecdote, blogging, Defense Counsel, humor, joke, Lawyering, Murder Trial
Once upon a time, say in September 1978, a little boy moved with his mother, father and older brother from New York City to a small and pretty town on the south shore of Massachusetts called Duxbury. It was the first place the Pilgrims had come after spending the winter of their arrival in the New World on the Mayflower, the ship with which they had made the voyage. As soon as the weather warmed up, they sailed across Massachusetts Bay and called the place they landed "Duke's Borough." [I forget which Duke, but you can be sure he was English and Protestant.] John and Priscilla Alden built a house there, now a tourist attraction. The town also has a monument erected to the memory of Miles Standish.
An executive search lady had steered the little boy's parents to Duxbury because it was equidistant between Boston and Hyannis, on Cape Cod, where she was hoping the little boy's father would accept a position as CFO for a privately held corporation. According to the little boy's mother, who tended to be hoity-toity about such things, public schools in Hyannis were unacceptable, and there were no private ones anywhere near, except Catholic parochial schools, which were also unacceptable because the little boy's parents, and therefore their children, were nominally Jewish. Also she felt she might die if she couldn't get to a big city once in a while, preferably one with a reputation for culture and learning, like Boston.
Thus Duxbury it was. When the little boy's older brother first heard where they were moving, he asked, "Is there also a Chickenbury and a Turkeybury?" But he was already beginning to make sardonic comments about many things, even though he was only eleven, so never mind that. Duxbury was certainly lovely when the family came up one weekend to look at it before making a commitment — all green trees, and winding roads, and historic New England houses with plaques bearing dates of construction going back as far as, and occasionally even farther than, the late eighteenth century, and steepled white churches of nearly every Protestant denomination dotted here and there on well kept lawns. There was also one red brick Catholic church, and a yacht club with its own tennis courts and golf course, and a beautiful expanse of golden beach on the Atlantic Ocean reserved for town residents.
They moved in on the first Saturday in September. School began the following Monday. The little boy's brother was in a higher grade, in a different building, served by a different school bus. So he would be going alone to his new school. In New York, they had walked with friends from their apartment house to their respective schools. The yellow school buses here were new to them. On the first day, the little boy's mother therefore walked him the half-block down their street to the corner where the lower school bus would pick him up, and waited until he was safely inside.
She was back on the corner at 3:00, when school let out. The little boy descended the bus steps, happy to see her, and took her hand as they ambled back to the house. "You don't have to come anymore," he declared proudly. "I can do it myself." In the kitchen, she poured him a glass of milk to go with the plate of chocolate chip cookies on the table, and sat down opposite to ask how his first day had gone. Everything was good, he assured her. Teacher nice, other kids fine. Except for one thing on the bus in the morning. "What thing?" asked his mother. So he told her, which is what he'd been wanting to do all along.
A big kid had got on at the next stop after his and sat down in the empty seat next to him. A very big kid. [As the lower school to which the bus was going only went through fifth grade, the size of this "big kid" must be considered in relation to the size of the little boy, who was about to enter fourth grade. We're not talking teenagers here.]
The big kid looked the little boy over. "Never saw you before," he said. "New?" The little boy nodded. The big kid asked his name and where he lived. "What kind of name is that?" he wanted to know. "My name," said the little boy, bravely.
Then the big kid asked which church the little boy went to. The little boy was next to the window or he would have got up and changed his seat, but he couldn't do that. So he said he didn't go to any church. Not even the Catholic one? The little boy shook his head. No.
Right away the big kid demanded, in a not friendly way, "Are you a jew?"
The little boy had already sensed that "jew" might not be a very good thing to be in this new town. Or at least, not on this bus. On the other hand, he also knew one shouldn't lie.
So after a moment, he said to the big kid, "Which would you rather be? A jew… or Hitler?
The big kid had to think about that one. "A jew, I guess," he said finally.
"Well then," said the little boy. "You see?"
"Was that a good answer?" he asked his mother that afternoon.
"It was a very good answer," said his mother, getting up and kissing the top of his curly head as she went to pour more milk.
The big kid never bothered the little boy again. The following weekend, his mother and father took him (and his brother) to Fenway Park in Boston to see the New York Yankees play the Boston Red Sox as a present for his ninth birthday. It was harder for him to decide which team to root for than it had been to decide what to say on the bus.
His mother is still very proud of him.
Tags Anecdote, anti-semitism, bravery, Duxbury Massachusetts, Jew, Kids, little boys, Memory, parenting, quick thinking, school bus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home / 2016 Toyota Highlander Near Lebanon NH
2016 Toyota Highlander Near Lebanon NH
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text:
\section*{\large{Supplemental Material}}
}

\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue, anchorcolor = blue,citecolor = blue,filecolor = blue, urlcolor = blue}

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
\begin{document}

\title{Post-Quantum Quench Growth of Renyi Entropies in Perturbed Luttinger Liquids}
\author{Sara Murciano}
 \email{smurcian@sissa.it}
\affiliation{SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy}
 \author{Pasquale Calabrese}
 \email{calabrese@sissa.it}
\affiliation{SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy}
\affiliation{International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy}
\author{Robert M. Konik}
\email{rmk@bnl.gov}
\affiliation{Condensed Matter Physics \& Materials Science Division,
 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA}
\date{
    \today
}

\date{\today}
\begin{abstract}
The growth of Renyi entropies after the injection of energy into a correlated system provides a window upon the dynamics of its entanglement properties.  We provide here a scheme by which this growth can be determined in Luttinger liquids systems with arbitrary interactions, even those introducing gaps into the liquid.  This scheme introduces the notion of a generalized mixed state Renyi entropy.  We show that these generalized Renyi entropies can be computed and provide analytic expressions thereof.  Using these generalized Renyi entropies, we provide analytic expressions for the short time growth of the second and third Renyi entropy after a quantum quench of the coupling strength between two Luttinger liquids, relevant for the study of the dynamics of cold atomic systems.  For longer times, we use truncated spectrum methods to evaluate the post-quench Renyi entropy growth.
\end{abstract}

\maketitle

\noindent\textbf{Introduction:}
Luttinger liquid theory is a paradigm that provides the basis for the description of a wide variety of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) systems \cite{Voit_1995,tsvelik_2003,Giamarchi}.  Luttinger liquids are typically non-Fermi liquids: interactions, even those that are arbitrarily weak, lead to the breakdown of Fermi liquid theory and the absence of Landau quasi-particles. Luttinger liquids provide the theoretical basis for spin-charge separation in 1D metals and nanotubes \cite{Laroche631,Wang2020}, power-law correlations of the dynamic structure function in 1D cold atomic systems \cite{CC1,atom_chip}, and the fractionalization of magnons into spinons in quasi-1D spin chains \cite{Lake2009,Hirobe2016}.  Even when a Luttinger liquid is gapped out by an interaction, the underlying bosonic description of the unperturbed liquid provides an excellent starting point to understanding any underlying phenomena.  So for example, the Peierls effect in 1D metals, Heisenberg couplings between 1D spin chains, and 1D atomic gases in the presence of an imposed lattice potential, all have descriptions of bosonic sine-Gordon like theories.

While Luttinger liquids, perturbed or otherwise, are well understood in equilibrium, this is less so when the liquid is placed out-of-equilibrium. Certain non-equilibrium phenomena here are already understood.  The effects of sudden changes of the interaction strength in the liquid have been investigated, showing that the out-of-equilibrium Luttinger liquid is governed by different power laws than its in-equilibrium counterpart \cite{PhysRevA.80.063619,PhysRevLett.107.150602,PhysRevLett.112.246401,Mitra_review}.  And the non-perturbative effects of turning on a periodic potential have been considered \cite{PhysRevB.88.115144,Mitra_review} where the role of the potential is to supply a source of backscattering for excitations created in the quench.

One important way to understand how energy injection into a previously equilibrated Luttinger liquid affects its correlations and dynamics is to study the growth post-injection of entanglement measures.  The determination of such measures in a non-equilibrium setting has heretofore remained out of reach.  The required field theoretic quantities, what we here term generalized mixed state Renyi entropies (GMSREs), were not available.  This has now changed, as we summarize in this letter.

As we will show, knowledge of generalized Renyi entropies allow one to determine the time-dependence of the Renyi entropy,
\begin{equation}
    R_n(t) = (1-n)^{-1}\log {\rm Tr}(\rho(t)^n),
    \label{Rn}
\end{equation}
of a bosonic system with a time-dependent reduced density matrix, $\rho(t)$.  The Renyi entropies are of interest to the condensed matter community because they provide a means to detect phase transitions and provide universal information on the nature of nearby critical points \cite{ent_rev1,ent_rev2,ent_rev3,ent_rev4}.  For the high energy community, Renyi entropies play a key role in understanding holographic conformal field theories where they can be interpreted geometrically as the area of a dual cosmic brane \cite{Dong2016}, generalizing the famous Ryu-Takayanagi holographic formula \cite{RT} for the entanglement entropy in an AdS/CFT setting. Renyi entropies with $n=2,3$ have been experimentally measured in non-equilibrium cold-atom and ion-trap setups \cite{2016,m-2018,vitale2021symmetryresolved,neven2021symmetryresolved}. While our focus here is demonstrating the computation of time-dependent Renyi entropies, our work also allows the determination of time-dependent relative Renyi entropies \cite{Ohya_Denes_2004,Araki:1976zv,RevModPhys.74.197,Audenaert2005}.  The relative entropy, defined here as
\begin{equation}
    R_n(\rho(t)||\rho(0)) = -\partial_n({\rm Tr}(\rho(t)\rho(0)^{n-1})/{\rm Tr}(\rho(t)^n),
\end{equation}
can be viewed as a measure of the distinguishability of the time-evolved reduced density matrix
from its $t=0$ value.  The relative entropy is not only a UV finite quantity, it is also closely connected to the entanglement spectrum of a system, a quantity which can be deeply connected to a system's topology \cite{LiHaldane}.

\noindent\textbf{Model for Non-Equilibrium Luttinger Liquids:}
To explore the non-equilibrium Renyi entropies in non-equilibrium Luttinger liquids, we will consider a canonical Hamiltonian density describing their dynamics:
\begin{equation}\label{ei}
    H(t)=\int dx \frac{v_F}{8\pi}(\partial_x\phi^2 + \Pi^2) + 2J_1(t)\cos(\beta\phi).
\end{equation}
$\phi(x,t)$ is a real compact Bose field which admits the following mode expansion:
\begin{equation}\label{eii}
\phi(x,t=0) =  \phi_0 + i \sum_{k\neq 0} \frac{1}{k}(a_k e^{\frac{i2\pi k x}{L}} - \bar a_{-k} e^{i\frac{i2 \pi k x}{L}}),
\end{equation}
where the $a_{-k}$'s are the bosonic creation operators for the oscillator modes and $L$ is the total length of the periodic system.
The parameter $\beta$ is related to the Luttinger parameter, $K$, of the theory via $\beta=(2K)^{-1/2}$. $K$ determines the power law correlations in the model when $J_1=0$.

In order to explain how time-dependent Renyi entropies, $R_n(t)$, can be computed in a non-equilibrium setting, we need to review the Hilbert space of the $J_1=0$ theory, which here will serve as a computational basis for both our perturbation theory and numerics.  All states $|\Psi_i\rangle$ of the theory have the (unnormalized) form:
\begin{equation}\label{eiii}
|\Psi_i\rangle = \prod^{N_i}_{k=1} a_{-n_k}\prod^{\bar N_i}_{k=1} \bar a_{-\bar n_k}|\nu_i\rangle, ~~~ |\nu_i\rangle \equiv e^{i\nu_i \phi_0}|0\rangle.
\end{equation}
Here the $|\nu_i\rangle$, with $\nu_i$ an integer multiple of $\beta$, are plane waves states of the zero mode $\phi_0$ of the boson.

We now want to imagine that we have done a quantum quench or that $J(t)$ has some non-trivial time dependence.  We are going to suppose that we are tracking the time dependence of the state, $|\Phi(t)\rangle$, of the system via the following representation:
\begin{equation}\label{eiv}
|\Phi(t)\rangle = \sum_i \alpha_i(t)|\Psi_i\rangle,
\end{equation}
where $|\Psi_i\rangle$ are the states just discussed of the unperturbed bosonic theory.  Our focus on using the states of the unperturbed Luttinger liquids to describe entanglement dynamics differs from the form factor bootstrap approach where the emphasis is on the basis of gapped states of the sine-Gordon model \cite{oca,horvath2021branch}.  The corresponding density matrix of the system is
\begin{equation}\label{den_mat}
\rho (t) = \sum_{i,j}\alpha_i(t)\alpha^*_j(t) |\Psi_i\rangle\langle \Psi_j|.
\end{equation}
It will be with the density matrix in this form that we attack the problem of computing $R_n(t)$.

\noindent\textbf{Time-Dependent Renyi Entropies:}
Let us focus on the second Renyi entropy, $R_2(t)$, for simplicity.  Imagine that we perform a partial trace of region $B$ of the system ($=A\cup B$) from the density matrix in Eqn.~\ref{den_mat}. The second Renyi entropy will then take the form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{re_td}
R_2(t) &=& -\log\big(\sum_{i,j,i',j'}\alpha_i(t)\alpha_j(t)^*\alpha_{i'}(t)\alpha_{j'}(t)^* R_{i,j;i',j'}\big)\cr\cr
R_{i,j;i',j'} &=& {\rm Tr}_A ({\rm Tr}_B |\Psi_{i}\rangle\langle \Psi_{j}|{\rm Tr}_B |\Psi_{i'}\rangle\langle \Psi_{j'}|).
\end{eqnarray}
The object $R_{i,j;i',j'}$ is different than that normally considered.  If all the $|\Psi_i\rangle$'s are the same and are relatively simple (i.e. primary) states, we recover an object first studied in Ref. \cite{Sierra1,Sierra2} where the Renyi entropies of excited states in a conformal field theory were considered.  In the case when $i=i'$ and $j=j'$, the quantity at hand is related to the relative entropy, something that has been studied for the case of bosonic theories \cite{PhysRevLett.113.051602,rc,mrc_2019}.  The most general case $i\neq i'\neq j \neq j'$ has only been considered for low-lying descendant states in free fermionic theories \cite{Palmai,Palmai1}.  Here we exploit our recent development of general closed form expressions for the generalized mixed state Renyi entropies (GMSREs), $R_{i,j;i',j'}$ for bosonic field theories.  This development amounts to computing the $n$-point functions that arise in inserting operators at $t=\pm \infty$ on a multi-sheeting Riemann surface \cite{SupplementalS1}. Here we combine this development with unitary perturbation theory and truncated spectrum methods to compute $R_2(t)$ at all times after a quench involving two coupled Luttinger liquids.

\noindent\textbf{Quenching from Luttinger Liquids to the Sine-Gordon Model:}
We now want to consider a specific quench, imagining preparing the system in the Luttinger liquid ground state (i.e., taking $J_1$=0 in Eqn. \ref{ei}) and observe the dynamics of the system by turning on at $t=0$ a finite $J_1$.  For $J_1>0$ the dynamics of the system will be that of a far-from equilibrium sine-Gordon model. How far from equilibrium can be quantified.  The energy of the ground state of the sine-Gordon model is
\begin{eqnarray}
    E_{gs} &=& L\Delta_s^2\tan(\pi\xi/2)/4, ~~~\Delta_s=c(\beta^2)J_1^{(2-\beta^2)^{-1}};\cr\cr
    c(\beta) &=& \frac{2\Gamma(\xi/2)}{\sqrt{\pi}\Gamma(1/2+\xi/2)}\Big(\frac{\pi\Gamma(1-\beta^2/2)}{2\Gamma(\beta^2/2)}\Big)^{1/(2-\beta^2)},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\xi=\beta^2/(2-\beta^2)$ and $\Delta_s$ is the gap of the sine-Gordon soliton excitation.  $c(\beta^2)$ was first determined in \cite{zamo}.
On the other hand the energy of the pre-quench state $|\Phi(t=0)\rangle$ relative to the post-quench Hamiltonian is $-\pi/(6L)$ and so the quench pumps in a finite energy density of $\tan(\pi\xi/2)\Delta_s^2/4$ at large volumes into the system.

The sine-Gordon model is integrable and while integrability does not allow us to determine the non-equilibrium time evolution of the system, it does provide us with knowledge of the dynamically generated non-perturbative scales in the problem.  This include the gap of the solitons, $\Delta_s$, above in terms of $J_1$. It also includes the gaps of solitonic bound states, the breathers.  In sine-Gordon's attractive regime, $\beta<1$, the model has $\left\lfloor\xi^{-1}\right \rfloor$ breathers with gaps
\begin{equation}
    \Delta_{b_n} = 2\Delta_s\sin(\pi n \xi/2), ~~~ n=1,\cdots,\left\lfloor\xi^{-1}\right \rfloor .
\end{equation}
For $\beta \ll 1$, the model has a large number of breathers much lighter than the soliton and it is these excitations that dominate the dynamics.  In this work we will be focusing on the attractive regime and will suppose that $\beta <1$.
With knowledge of these scales, it is possible to write down scaling behavior of various quantities post-quench.  We will focus on both the time-dependent Renyi entropy density as well as the order parameter, $C(t)=\langle \cos(\beta\phi)\rangle(t)$.

A quantity $O(t)$ with scaling dimension $a$ is going to have a scaling form
\begin{equation}
    O(t) = \Delta_{b_2}^{a} g_O(\Delta_{b_2} L, \Delta_{b_2} t)
\end{equation}
where $g_0$ is a dimensionless scaling function. For the order parameter $C$, $a=\beta^2$, while for the Renyi entropy densities, $R_n/L$, $a=1$.  We now will determine these scaling forms in the limit of early and late times focusing on the experimentally interesting limit of system sizes $L\Delta_{b_2} \gg 1$.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Renyi.pdf}
	\caption{The growth of the second Renyi entropy for an equal bi-partition of the system as a function of time for different system sizes and postquench couplings $J_1$ chosen such that $\Delta_{b2}L$ is constant and thus scaling collapse is expected. Error bars (blue dots) arising from extrapolation in $\chi$ are shown.} \label{scaling_re}
\end{figure}

\noindent\textbf{Early Time Analysis, UPT:}
At early times, we can use unitary perturbation theory (UPT) to determine the leading order term in $J_1$ to the scaling forms.  At the heart of unitary perturbation theory is a similarity transformation that transforms the original unperturbed set of bosonic states to an energy-diagonal one where time evolution is easily evaluated.  In doing so it allows one to derive expressions that are bounded in time \cite{upt}.
Using this framework, the scaling form, $g_O$, simplifies to
\begin{eqnarray}
g_O(x,y) = x^{m(2-\beta^2)-a} h_O(y/x).
\end{eqnarray}
Here $m$ is the order in $J_1$ that gives the leading order correction to $g_0$ in unitary perturbation theory.  For the cosine order parameter, $m=1$, while for the Renyi entropies $m=2$ \cite{SupplementalS2}.  While physically less relevant, we also expect this scaling form to hold to arbitrary times in the small volume limit, $L\Delta_{b_2} \ll 1$ as low order UPT becomes increasingly accurate in this limit.  At leading order in UPT, $h_O(z)$, is quadratic in $z$ in all cases.  Thus the initial growth of $C(t)$ and $R_n(t)$ goes as $t^2$.  However at short times $C(t)\sim \beta^2t^2$ while $R_n(t)\sim \beta^4 t^2$.  This difference in the order of $\beta$ reflects how quantum field theoretic the quantity is at short times.  UPT shows that $C(t)$ is determined solely by the zero mode plane wave states $|\nu_i\rangle$ -- that is $C(t)$ at short times is really a quantum mechanical problem of the zero mode, not a field theoretic problem.  The Renyi entropies, $R_n(t)$, in their dependence on a higher order power of $\beta$ directly reflects the presence of the oscillator part of the Bose field.

\noindent\textbf{Longer Time Analysis, TSM:}
While UPT can be used to compute the early time behavior of the growth of $C(t)$ and the Renyi entropies, for longer times we need to use a wholly numerical approach.  The natural choice here is the truncated spectrum methodology (TSM) \cite{yurov1990truncated,yurov1991truncated,James_2018}.  This method provides for a controlled computation of non-equilibrium quantities in a field theoretic setting.  It employs as a computational basis the states of the unperturbed Luttinger liquid, i.e. the $|\Psi_i\rangle$'s, precisely the states for which we now know how to compute the generalized mixed state Renyi entropies.  It gains its name from the need to introduce an energy cutoff, $E_c$, above which we exclude states in the Luttinger liquid basis.  We discuss details of its implementation in \cite{SupplementalS4}.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{OP.pdf}
	\caption{The growth of the order parameter as a function of time for different system sizes and post-quench couplings $J_1$.  We again see the expected scaling collapse.  Error bars (blue lines) arising from extrapolation in $\chi$ are shown.} \label{scaling_op}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}[t]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c||}
 \hline
 $\beta$ & $J_1$ & $T_{eff}$ & $(R_2(t=\infty)-R_{2gs})$ & $R_{2,thermal}$ & $\langle \cos(\beta\phi)\rangle(t=\infty)$ & $\langle \cos(\beta\phi)\rangle_{thermal}$ & $R_2$ growth & $\cos(\beta\phi)$ growth \\
 \hline \hline
  $3/20$ & 0.1 & 0.45  & $0.17$ & $0.66$ & $-0.43$ & $-0.17$ & $0.0075\Delta_{b2}$ & $- 0.003\Delta_{b2}$\\
  \hline
  $1/\sqrt{8}$ & 0.0375 & 0.29 & $0.081$ & $0. 19$ & $-0.42 $ & $-0.31$ & $0.0075 \Delta_{b2}$ & $-0.023\Delta_{b2}$ \\
  \hline
   $1/\sqrt{2}$ & 0.0375 & 0.24 & $0.043$ & $0.093$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.32$ & $0.02 \Delta_{b2}$ & $-0.14 \Delta_{b2}$\\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Here we report for three values of $\beta$ the late time values of $R_2$ and $\cos(\beta\phi)$, comparing them to their thermal values as determined by the effective temperature $T_{eff}$.  The post-quench values of $J_1$ are chosen such that $\Delta_{b2}(\beta)L$ are constant.  We also report these quantities' early time growth rates.  All values of $R_2,\cos(\beta\phi)$ are scaled by $\Delta_{b2}L/2,\Delta_{b2}^{\beta^2}$.}
\label{growth_and_asympotes}
\end{table*}

As a validation of the accuracy of our TSM results, we demonstrate scaling collapse.  If we fix $L\Delta_{b2}$, we expect data collapse if we plot our post-quench data for $R_2/(\Delta_{b2}L)$ and $\cos(\beta\phi)/\Delta_{b2}^{\beta^2}$ against $t\Delta_{b2}$ for different values of $J_1$ and $L$.  This is what we find, as illustrated in Figs. \ref{scaling_re} and \ref{scaling_op}.  Here we present data that has been extrapolated in the TSM cutoff, $E_c \rightarrow \infty$ (for $R_2$ and $\langle\cos(\beta\phi)$) and the GMSRE exclusion parameter, $W\rightarrow 0$ \cite{SupplementalS4}.  If $|\bar\alpha_i\bar\alpha_j\bar\alpha_k\bar\alpha_l|<W$ ($\bar\alpha_i$ is the time-averaged counterpart of $\alpha_i(t)$), we exclude the contribution of $R_{i,j;i',j'}$ to $R_2(t)$ in Eqn. \ref{re_td}.  Because we work with computational bases of size $N_{cb} \sim 10^4$, computing all $R_{i,j;i',j'}$'s would require the computation of $\sim 10^{16}$ different quantities -- something that is computationally prohibitive.  Fortunately the contribution of the vast majority of GMSREs is negligible (because $|\alpha_i(t)\alpha_j(t)\alpha_k(t)\alpha_l(t)|$ is negligible) and we need to only compute a very small fraction of GMRSEs in order to compute $R_2(t)$. We conjecture this pattern continues to computing the higher Renyi entropies, $R_n(t)$, i.e. that only a small fraction of the $N_{cb}^{2n}$ GMSREs need to be computed in order to obtain a converged value of $R_n(t)$.  Further details on the extrapolation methods are found in the \cite{SupplementalS4}.

\begin{figure}[b]
	\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{ftbeta0pt15.pdf}
	\caption{We analyze here $\beta=0.15$ the oscillation frequencies of the late time behavior of $R_2$ and $\cos(\beta\phi)$ via Fourier transform (FT).  The notation $(e_1,e_2)$ labeling peaks in the FT of $\langle\cos(\beta\phi)\rangle(t)$ indicates a frequency $\omega=|E_{e_1}-E_{e_2}|$ where $E_{e_i}$ is the energy of excitation $e_i$.  Similiarly the notation $(e_1,e_2,e_3,e_4)$ indicates a frequency $\omega=|E_1-E_2+E_3-E_4|$.} \label{power}
\end{figure}

The $R_2(t)$ data at $\beta=3/20$ presented in Fig. \ref{scaling_re} shows collapse for four different values of $J_1$ and $L$ (chosen such that $\Delta_{b2}L$ is constant within a few percent) over a time window of $(0,100/\Delta_{b2})$.  We provide error bars associated with the extrapolation procedure.  However for $R_2$ the extrapolation procedure is particularly robust and the error bars are small.  For the collapsed $\langle\cos(\beta\phi)\rangle(t)$ data in Fig. \ref{scaling_op}, we are restricted to a more narrow time window $(0,40/\Delta_{b2})$.  At times $t>40/\Delta_{b2}$, because of dephasing, we cannot reliably extrapolate the order parameter data in $E_c$.  This is reflected in error bars in Fig. \ref{scaling_op} that are visible to the eye for times $t>20/\Delta_{b2}$.

At very early times, UPT predicts quadratic growth in time of $R_2(t)$ and $\langle \cos(\beta\phi)\rangle(t)$.  After UPT breaks down, both of these quantities experience a window in time where they grow linearly.   We report this growth rate in Tab. \ref{growth_and_asympotes} for three different values of $\beta$.  We see that with increasing $\beta$, the growth rates increase in magnitude.

At late times both $R_2(t)$ and $\langle \cos(\beta\phi)\rangle(t)$ saturate.
We expect $R_2(t)$ to approach its late time value via a correction vanishing as $\log(t)/t^3$, valid for integrable quenches with coherent quasi-particles \cite{Fagotti_Calabrese}.  Using this as a fitting form, we report the value of $R_2(t=\infty)$ in Tab. \ref{growth_and_asympotes}.  We see that asymptotic value of $R_2(t)$ is extremely sensitive to the value of $\beta$.  The late time value of $\langle\cos(\beta\phi)\rangle$ however is not.  We see its final value is almost $\beta$ independent.  Because $\langle\cos(\beta\phi)\rangle (t)$ approaches its asymptote by oscillating about it, its value can be determined most readily by performing a time average over the data obtained after the initial linear growth.

One useful metric to which we can compare the $t=\infty$ values of $R_2$ and $\cos(\beta\phi)$ are the values that would be obtained if the ensemble governing late time dynamics was thermal.  Because we know the amount of energy injected by the quench, we can use the analytic expression for the energy of the sine-Gordon model arising from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) to compute both the effective temperature that governs the thermal ensemble with this same energy and then the $t=\infty$ values of $R_2$ and $\cos(\beta\phi)$ \cite{rtv-93,km-90,SMTBA}.  We see the expected thermal values of $R_2(t=\infty)$ far exceed that of its post-quench extrapolated value.  Because the sine-Gordon model is integrable, the generalized Gibbs ensemble that governs late time behaviour is going to involve contributions from the higher conserved quantities in the theory.  The system is thus more tightly constrained and so the asymptotic value of the entropy $R_2$ will be smaller than would be expected in a thermal quench.  We also see that the value of $\cos(\beta\phi)$ is in general larger than would be expected from the thermal value.  As this expectation value is directly related to the interaction energy, we can see that the GGE arising from the quench favours interaction over kinetic energy uniformly for different values of $\beta$ in comparison to the thermal ensemble.

As a final comparison between the behavior of $R_2(t)$ and $\cos(\beta\phi)(t)$, we consider the power spectrum of the late time oscillations of these two quantities \cite{SupplementalS45}. This is, in effect, a spectroscopic probe of the post-quench Hamiltonian: the frequencies at which power appears here is at the differences of energies of the excitations \cite{delfino-2014,mc-2016} of the post-quench sine-Gordon Hamiltonian.  For $R_2(t)$ these differences involve four excitations while for $\cos(\beta\phi)(t)$ the differences involve two excitations \cite{SM4}.  In Fig. \ref{power} we present the results of the power spectra.  Because of the ability to compute accurately $R_2(t)$ out to longer times, our spectroscopic information for $R_2(t)$ is much resolved in energy than that for $\cos(\beta\phi)(t)$.

\noindent\textbf{Connections to Cold Atomic Systems:} We close this letter by commenting on applications to quenches in cold atomic systems.  The quench considered here (that of joining two Luttinger liquids) has been performed experimentally in Ref. \cite{schmiedmayer2018} while the time evolution of $C(t)$ has been computed in Refs. \cite{dallatorre,horvath}.  Our ability to compute $R_2(t)$ to relatively late times (in comparison to $C(t)$) gives us the time window needed to see equilibration in this system.  At small $\beta$, the equilibriation time is 3 to 4 times longer than that needed by $C(t)$ to begin to oscillate about its $t=\infty$ value.  In our spectroscopic analysis of the late time oscillations of $R_2(t)$ and $C(t)$, we can see the outsized role played by the breather excitations of the post-quench Hamiltonian.  Importantly we see the post-quench dynamics cannot be described by the lowest breather alone.  Finally our determination of a $T_{eff}$ for the post-quench dynamics and corresponding thermal values of $R_2(t)$ and $C(t)$ allow us to quantify the importance of the higher conserved quantities in the GGE governing post-quench dynamics.

\noindent\textbf{Closing Remarks:} In this letter we have presented a general method to compute the time-dependent Renyi entropies using the notion of a GMSRE and have applied it to a quantum quench involving the joining of two Luttinger liquids.  Our ability to compute $R_2(t)$ has given us insight into equilibration times in the coupled Luttinger liquid, the importance of the GGE for describing the post-quench dynamics, as well as the importance of the role of higher order breather states that arise because of the non-linear cosine interaction term.
We mention that while the quasiparticle picture \cite{cc-2005} provides the exact time evolution of the von Neumann entropy ($n=1$) for arbitrary integrable models \cite{ac-2017,ac-2018}, the same is not true \cite{ac2-2017,ac3-2017,acm-2018,klobas2021entanglement} for the experimentally accessible Renyi entropies for which our approach is the only viable methodology for both integrable and chaotic post-quench dynamics.

\acknowledgements
 R.M.K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
 P.C. and S.M. acknowledge support from the ERC under Consolidator grant number 771536 (NEMO).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Awareness walk held to mark World AIDS Day
KARACHI: Sindh AIDS Control Programme under the auspices of Sindh Heath Department on Tuesday organized a walk at sea-view Karachi to raise awareness in general public against the HIV/AIDS. The walk was held to mark the World AIDS Day in a befitting manner to highlight the negative fall out of the deadly disease.
The walk was led by Additional Secretary Procurement Sindh Health Department Dr Sabir Memon, Program Manager Sindh AIDS Control Programme Dr Younis Chachar, Sardar Nazakat Ali of Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry and senior officers of health department. The participants were carrying banners and placards inscribed with different slogans about awareness and prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Sindh Dr Sabir Memon while addressing the participants, said that the government was taking practical steps to raise awareness among people so that they should adopt preventive measures against this disease. He stressed the need to make coordinated efforts from all segment of society to control the prevalence of HIV/ADIS in the province.
Dr Younis Chachar said official of program were actively working on plans for generating awareness against deadly ailments in the province. He underlined the need that people should be educated to check the spread of this deadly disease.
Sardar Nazakat Ali assured full support to Sindh AIDS Control Programme management on the behalf of chamber to curb the HIV/AIDS disease from the society.
Meanwhile, in connection with World AIDS Day activities, a candle vigil event was also organized by Sindh AIDS Control Program in a local hotel on Monday night.
Sindh Health Minister Jam Mahtab Dahar said that political and scientific commitment is a key to combat deadly disease of HIV/AIDS which has assumed critical dimension over the period of time stalking larger segment of the population.
"While pursuing wide ranging activities to combat lethal HIV disease, we must not overlook some of the vital aspects aimed at overcoming the issue of HIV/AIDS which includes political commitment, multi-spectral support, public health surveillance and monitoring, evaluation, prevention, care, support and treatment facilities besides health delivery systems". In addition, ongoing dynamic cooperation and integrated efforts of all stakeholders to control spread of HIV epidemic in Sindh must be strengthened in letter and spirit" he said.
The large number by the health experts, NGOs representative, victims of the disease and officials of the provincial health department attended the event . The event also observed one minute silence to remember those who have left this world for heavenly abode.
بریک تھرو انرجی کوالیشن زیرو-کاربن انرجی ٹیکنالوجیز میں سرمایہ کاری کرے گا
NUS Scientists use Patient Derived Cancer Cell Culture to Predict Survival and Treatment Outcome


text:
Q: mod_rewrite: Pass the path & query string URL as a parameter I'm using mod_rewrite to rewrite pretty URLs to a form supported by a Spring 2.5 application.
e.g. /category/cat1?q=x   =>  /controller?category=cat1&q=x

However from my controller I want to know the original URL the request came from (so I can generate a link if required).  This approach is needed generically across all pages so it is difficult to hard code.
How can I access the original path + query string from my controller?
I have tried using $0 to include the full path but this doesn't include the query string.  I can't just append the path and the query string as this would result in some parts of the path being added as parameters /category/cat1?category=cat1&q=x  Note the addition of the unwanted &category=cat1 parameter, this causes the URL to no longer match that sent from the browser.
I'm hoping mod_rewrite will let me reference the full URL and encode it as a parameter so my rule could look like:
RewriteRule /category/(.+)
            /controller?category=$1&_originalUrl=${escape:$0}?${escape:<original query string>}
            [QSA]

Using my original example the end result passed through to my controller would be:
/controller?category=cat1&_originalUrl=%2Fcategory%2Fcat1%3Fsearch%3Dx&search=x

The important part is the value of &_originalUrl which should be %2Fcategory%2Fcat1%3Fsearch%3Dx which in its unescaped version is /category/cat1?q=x (the original request URL that was sent from the browser).
Any suggestions welcome, thanks in advance!

A: The query can ony be tested with RewriteCond since RewriteRule does only test the URL path. See Jonathan Feinberg's example how to do that.
But you could also just set the QSA flag and the old query gets automatically appended to the new one:
RewriteRule ^/category/([^/]+)$ /controller?category=$1 [QSA]

Edit    In response to your comment to this question: If you want to get the initial requested URI path and query, you need to extract it from the request line (THE_REQUEST variable):
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]+\ ([^\s]+)
RewriteRule ^/category/([^/]+)$ /controller?category=$1&_originalUrl=%1 [QSA]

But in most languages there is an environment variable with the very same information.

A: You have to capture the query string in an initial, separate step.
RewriteCond %{query_string} ^q=([^&]+)
RewriteRule ^/category/(cat1)$ /controller?category=$1&q=%1

etc.

A: Is there a host header you can use? Sorry for being so vague, but last time I had to do this was using PHP (urgh, dont ask), and I think thats how we did it - eg REQUEST_URI (http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/mod_rewrite-variables-cheatsheet.html)
You also may be able to SET a host header in the rewrite (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html)
eg:
ReWriteRule /category/(cat1)?q=(x) /controller?category=$1&q=$2 [E=FOO:....]

(and no, I'm so totally NOT a mod-rewrite ninja)


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