text:
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XL, Germany and Berlin, 1969–1972
235. Message From the Ambassador to Germany (Rush) to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
Bonn, May 11, 1971.
Last night, Bahr, Falin and I had a long and useful discussion (from 8:00 p.m. until after midnight) in my residence. Falin, whom I met last summer in Moscow, adopted throughout a low-key, non-controversial negotiating stance of give and take. The discussion of our respective points of view was very helpful to Bahr and me in clearing up many ambiguities of the Russian position, and in turn Falin evidently understood for the first time much of the reasoning underlaying our position. A continuation of this type approach could lead to substantial progress and possibly a final agreement in the near future.
Falin speaks adequate English, and thus all of our discussion was in English. The difference between Falin's and Abrasimov's personality [Page 700] and style and the elimination of the language barrier represents an improvement difficult to overestimate. Falin is thoroughly conversant with his subject matter, as of course is Abrasimov, but has a high degree of flexibility of approach in contrast to the rigid, polemical approach of Abrasimov.
The basis for our discussion was that neither side would attempt to impose its concept of legal position on the other and that to achieve this neutral language would be employed in the general provisions. Another cardinal principle is that our decisions are tentative and subject to withdrawal or change in the light, for example, of any objections or suggestions you may have or of possible reactions from the French and British when the issues reach them.
With these underlying principles, we went through the non-substantive parts of what I shall call the Bahr draft, as sent to you with my message of April 30.2 A detailed review of these provisions resulted in the tentative conclusions set forth at the end of this message.
Last week Bahr pressed me hard to consent to giving Falin at once the substantive parts of the draft, stating that the Chancellor very much wanted this to be done. I explained to him that this was not advisable, but should be delayed until after the working level meeting, for several reasons; namely, (a) I had told you that this would not be done until after that meeting, (b) by waiting until after the meeting we will have the benefit of additional input from it and at the same time will be in a factual position of having outlined orally the conceptual approach of the Bahr draft to the British and French before we give it to the Russians (something that might some day be useful in the event there should ever be a leak with regard to our talks with Falin), and (c) the passage of a week to ten days could make virtually no difference with regard to going forward to final agreement. Bahr accepted this, but again last evening, with Falin present, urged that we forthwith give Falin the substantive portions. Once again I refused, and Falin remained silent concerning this issue.
The next meeting of us three will be on Wednesday evening, May 19, following the working level meeting. At that time, unless you think otherwise, we would plan to start giving to Falin, either section by section or, perhaps preferably, in their entirety, the substantive parts of the Bahr draft. This would seem to be justified in view of the negotiating stance of Falin last evening, clearly indicating his desire to push forward to an agreement that would be satisfactory to all parties.
We must soon determine the best method of feeding the results of our talks into the negotiations. There are various ways of doing this, [Page 701] one way for example being that the Chancellor, through Bahr, could advance them to the three powers as representing the desires of the FRG. They would then be fed into the regular channels of the three powers. I shall discuss this question fully with Bahr soon and send you our recommendations.3
TENTATIVE DECISIONS WITH REGARD TO THE BAHR DRAFT
The first issue that arose was whether to use the term "Western sectors of Berlin," "Western Berlin" or "Berlin (West)." Falin contended that "Western sectors of Berlin" violates their concept of the status of the city, since it indicates acceptance of our view that all of the city is still under Four Power control and that the Eastern sector is not a part of the GDR. Our position is basically (a) that the use of the words "Western sectors" is necessary to establish clearly that these sectors are not a separate political entity and (b) that their use does not prejudice the Russian legal concept. Falin contended, with justification, that both the Allies and the FRG have repeatedly referred to the area as "West Berlin" or "Berlin (West)" and that our argumentation therefore was not entitled to great weight. The term "West Berlin" is not acceptable to the FRG, who are pressing for use of the term "Berlin (West)" and have been using this term quite a bit lately in public statements and otherwise. We agreed that the issue was subject to further discussion but that tentatively the term "Berlin (West)" would be used so that we could go forward to the other parts of the agreement.
Comment: Since the Russians have consistently taken such an adamant position with regard to this throughout our discussions, and since in my opinion the issue is not of major importance to us, I would [Page 702] recommend that at the proper time we accept use of the term "Berlin (West)." In my opinion this would not prejudice our position.
A. Preamble. This remains unchanged.
B. Part I. General Provisions.
Paragraph 1. The words "in the area of their jurisdiction" were deleted, and "within the subject matter of this agreement" was inserted instead, so that this subdivision 1 would read as follows:
"1. The four governments are of the unanimous view that, within the subject matter of this agreement, the use or threat of force must be excluded and disputes shall be settled solely by peaceful means."
Paragraph 2 is unchanged.
Paragraph 3. The words "and as provided for herein and in the other agreements referred to herein" were inserted so that this paragraph would read as follows:
"3. The Four Powers are of the unanimous view that the situation which has developed in this area, irrespective of the difference in legal positions, and which is provided for herein and in the other agreements referred to herein shall not be changed unilaterally."
C. Part II.
It was concluded that for purposes of balance all of the introductory parts of the opening clauses of the subdivisions of Part II should conform. Giving effect to this, the following changes were made:
Paragraph 1. The word "respected" was deleted.
Paragraph 2. As we are talking in the agreement only about civilian traffic, not military traffic, it was agreed, for purposes of simplification and conformity, that the words "surface," "by road, rail and waterways" and "carried out unhindered and on a preferential basis" would be deleted. The "carried out unhindered and on a preferential basis" will be inserted in the text of Annex II.
Paragraph 3. The term "Berlin (East)" disturbed Falin for the same reasons as mentioned above, namely, this would imply that Berlin (East) is not a part of the GDR. Accordingly, we adopted the phrase "to Berlin (East) and the districts of the GDR," striking the words "environs" and "city." Since the GDR is divided into districts (similar to the FRG being divided into Laender) and since Berlin (East) is not a district, this language could be interpreted by us in the manner that we desire, namely, that "Berlin (East)" is not modified by "of the GDR," while it could be interpreted by the Russians as being modified by "of the GDR."
In addition, the words "communications and the exchange of small areas" and "arranged for" were deleted and the words "related items" were inserted.
[Page 703]
Paragraph 4. The word "settled" was deleted.
As so modified, Part II in its entirety would read as follows:
"Part II. Provisions Relating to Berlin (West)
"1. The relations between Berlin (West) and the Federal Republic of Germany shall be in accordance with the provisions set forth in the letter from the governments of the three powers to the Government of the USSR (Annex I).
"2. Civilian traffic between Berlin (West) and the Federal Republic of Germany for all persons and goods shall be in accordance with the provisions set forth in the letter from the Government of the USSR to the governments of the three powers (Annex II).
"3. Travelling of permanent residents of Berlin (West) to Berlin (East) and the districts of the G.D.R. and other related items shall be in accordance with the provisions of the letter from the Government of the USSR to the governments of the three powers (Annex III).
"4. Problems relating to the representation abroad of the interests of Berlin (West) shall be in accordance with the provisions of the letter from the governments of the three powers to the Government of the USSR (Annex IV)."
D. Part III. Final Provisions.
This remains unchanged.
E. The Annexes.
Only the initial clauses of the annexes, terminating with the colon, were given to Falin. The conclusions were as follows:
Annex I. He objected to the term "after consultation hereon with the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany." However, on our insistence that this is necessary to balance Annex II's reference to the GDR, he withdrew his objection.
Annex II. This, as you know, is a key issue in controversy, for it is essential in this case that the undertakings be by the Russians and not by the GDR. Falin said that in your discussion with Dobrynin you had accepted the Soviet formulation of this initial clause, but I told him that this obviously was an error of communication, for you and I had been in close touch and you had given Dobrynin the same formulation which we were discussing. He did not press the point, and while he said that he might want to suggest some changes in the formulation, he could insure that it would be acceptable to us.
Annexes III and IV were unchanged.
F. Final Act.
The Final Act was basically satisfactory, except that we concluded that the agreements resulting from the negotiations between the GDR and the FRG with regard to details of access and between the FRG and [Page 704] the Berlin Senat with regard to details of inner city movement should be included in a wrap-up clause, so that the Four Powers would have contractual responsibility for their provisions. As you know, we have been urging this, while the Russians have been resisting it, and I was surprised that Falin tentatively accepted the concept without too much argument. We further concluded that paragraph 3 should be clarified and made more precise, but this was left for another time since the hour was quite late.
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 59, Country Files, Europe, Ambassador Rush, Berlin, Vol. 1. Top Secret; Sensitive; Exclusively Eyes Only. The message was sent through the special Navy channel in Frankfurt. No time of transmission appears on the message; a handwritten note indicates that it was received in Washington on May 11 at 2230Z.↩
Document 230.↩
In a special channel message to Kissinger on May 11, Bahr reported that the meeting had been "encouraging," particularly since Falin had adopted an "unpolemical and constructive attitude." On the assumption that Rush would report details of the discussion, Bahr continued: "The main problem at the moment: how should the result be introduced in London? Could you possibly give Hillenbrand some guidelines? I would prefer any method that would leave the process to the Americans themselves but am ready, of course, to offer any necessary cooperation." These excerpts were translated from the original German by the editor. (National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 60, Country Files, Europe, Egon Bahr, Berlin File [2 of 3]) For the German text, see also Akten zur auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1971, Vol. 2, p. 744. Kissinger replied by special channel on May 12: "I am delighted that at last we are making progress. I look forward to hearing about your next meeting. As for introducing it in London I think it would be best to have you present your concept. Rush will support you. If you have other suggestions we are open-minded. I prefer not to give guidelines to Hillenbrand until after the meeting." (Ibid.) For their memoir accounts of the exchange, see Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 828–829; and Bahr, Zu meiner Zeit, pp. 362–365.↩
Germany and Berlin, 1969–1972
Abbreviations and Terms
Germany and Berlin, 1969–1972 (Documents 1-388)
Bahr, EgonDobrynin, Anatoly F.Falin, Valentin M.Hillenbrand, Martin J.Kissinger, Henry A.Nixon, Richard M.Rush, Kenneth
FRGGDRNSCUSSR


Occasionally people talk about "wrestling in prayer." They are referring to the fact that prayer is not easy. Saying prayers may not be difficult if it means simply reciting what we learned as children. But really praying, really laying hold of God, really pouring out the soul fervently and earnestly, does not come without a struggle. So we need help.
Daniel identified the great resource for stimulating prayer: it was as he was "studying the writings of the prophets" that he was prompted to turn to the Lord and plead with him (9:2). Daniel read Jeremiah's prediction that the Exile would last seventy years (Jer. 25:11-12). Daniel did not understand what this meant, so he prayed. As he did so, he began to think about the behavior of God's people, which had led to divine retribution, and his heart was moved to confess the sins that had led them into their predicament of exile.
It is worth noting that Daniel's prayer was sprinkled with allusions to the Scriptures that he had been reading. For instance, when he exclaimed, "We have sinned and done wrong. We have rebelled against you and scorned your commands and regulations" (Dan. 9:5), he may have been thinking of Jeremiah 14:7. And when he affirmed, "Lord, you are in the right; but our faces are covered with shame, just as you see us now" (9:7), he may have had Jeremiah 3:25 and 23:6 in mind. Daniel's talking to God was a direct result of God talking to him. This is exactly how it should be, for in no other way can we be confident that we are praying as we ought.
It may strike us as odd that Daniel should include himself in the prayer even though he had led such an exemplary life. But we should remember that while we are individually responsible for our actions, we are also products of our culture, and if that is corrupt, then we are corrupted.
Daniel prayed from a heart touched by the Scriptures. He was conscious of God's righteousness and human sinfulness because of what the Scriptures teach, and he was looking for God's promises in the word to be fulfilled. His praying was not shooting from the lip; it was responding to God's word.
The relationship and fellowship between God and his children, like all relationships, needs communication, and communication involves listening and talking. In the divine-human relationship God talks to us in his word, and we should listen. Then we talk to him in prayer—and he does listen!


text:
Share the Knowledge: ISSUP members can post in the Knowledge Share – Sign in or become a member
Better Prevention of Drug Use, Healthy and Safe Development of Children in Belarus
UNODC had the honour of facilitating a seminar for policy makers in Belarus at the request of the Ministry of Interior of the country. The event was organised with the support of the UN Resident Coordinator and the contribution of UNAIDS, UNFPA and UNICEF. More than 40 policy makers, including representatives from the Ministry of Education, Information and Health, as well as CSOs were present at the training. Participants worked together over three days to
Read more about Better Prevention of Drug Use, Healthy and Safe Development of Children in Belarus
UNODC Partnership with Lions Club to Develop Personal and Social Skills of Adolescents
The UNODC/WHO Second Update Edition of the International Standards on Drug Use Prevention http://bit.ly/2D1Qua4 identifies evidence-based education on personal and social skills as one of the effective strategies to prevent drug use and other risky behaviours in early adolescence. We also know from the work of the WHO Violence Prevention Alliance that such programmes have been found to be effective in preventing youth violence ( https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/en/ ). This is why UNODC was delighted to attend
Read more about UNODC Partnership with Lions Club to Develop Personal and Social Skills of Adolescents
The American Society of Addiction Medicine Standards of Care
This document is a useful resource for physicians that manage care services of patients with drug use disorders and its related consequences.
Read more about The American Society of Addiction Medicine Standards of Care
Mentor Launches Quality Mark for Alcohol and Drugs Education
Mentor UK , an organisation focused on drug prevention and education, have launched a Quality Mark for alcohol and drugs education. The quality mark has been developed in addition to a set of developmental quality standards for schools and practitioners which aims to improve alcohol and other drugs education in England. The quality mark is supported by Public Health England (PHE) while the charity is financially backed by both PHE and the Home Office which
Read more about Mentor Launches Quality Mark for Alcohol and Drugs Education
The International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies
University of Victoria, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research
The Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria have released The International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies.
Comprising of a set of guidelines, methods, and tools this resource was produced with the aim of creating a standardised set of methodologies for alcohol researchers.
Read more about The International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies
Technical Consultation on Updating the Prevention Standards
Gilberto Gerra, Chief of the Drug Prevention and Health Branch at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), opens the meeting on the "Technical consultation on updating the prevention standards" at UNODC headquarters in Vienna. Jeff Lee, Executive Director of ISSUP, is attending this important meeting along with invited representatives from around the world. The two day meeting will address how to build on the UNODC international Prevention Standards produced in 2015 and
Read more about Technical Consultation on Updating the Prevention Standards
Webinar: Enhancing Residential Addiction Treatment Services
Webinar, Canada, 3 February 2017
Online Learning for Prevention Standards
The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA) has released an online learning module that will help prevention professionals better understand the Portfolio of Canadian Standards for Youth Substance Abuse Prevention . The module aims to help prevention teams, mental health professionals, school administrators, law enforcement personnel and others to plan, select, implement and evaluate prevention initiatives in their communities and schools, and at home. The module: Identifies barriers to implementing the Canadian Standards for Youth
Read more about Online Learning for Prevention Standards
ATTC
CADCA
Colombo Plan
COPOLAD
European Prevention Standards Partnership
EUSPR
ICUDDR

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Using the infrared satellite AKARI, a Japanese research team has detected the existence of water in the form of hydrated minerals in a number of asteroids for the first time. This discovery will contribute to our understanding of the distribution of water in our solar system, the evolution of asteroids, and the origin of water on Earth.
The findings were made by the team led by the Project Assistant Professor Fumihiko Usui (Graduate School of Science, Kobe University), the Associate Senior Researcher Sunao Hasegawa, the Aerospace Project Research Associate Takafumi Ootsubo (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), and Professor Emeritus Takashi Onaka (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo). The results were published on December 17 in the online Advanced Access edition of Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan.
Our Earth is an aqua-planet, and is the only planet in our solar system where the presence of water on the planet surface has been confirmed. We are, however, not yet sure how our Earth acquired water. Recent studies have shown that other celestial bodies in our solar system have, or used to have, water in some form. Asteroids are considered to be one of the candidates that brought water to Earth. Note that the liquid water is not flowing on the surface of asteroids, but water is retained in asteroids as hydrated minerals, which were produced by chemical reactions of water and anhydrous rocks that occurred inside the asteroids, that is, aqueous alteration. Hydrated minerals are stable even above the sublimation temperature of water ice. Thus, by looking for hydrated minerals, we can investigate whether asteroids have water.
Infrared wavelengths contain characteristic spectral features of various substances, such as molecules, ice, and minerals, which cannot be observed at visible wavelengths. Therefore, it is indispensable to observe at infrared wavelengths for the study of solar system objects. Hydrated minerals exhibit diagnostic absorption features at around 2.7 micrometers. The absorption of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the terrestrial atmosphere prevents us from observing this wavelength with ground-based telescopes. It is absolutely necessary to make observations from outside of the atmosphere, that is, in space. However, observations with space-borne telescopes have been scarce; the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), launched in 1995, did not have a sufficient sensitivity to make spectroscopy of faint asteroids and the Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in 2003, did not have a coverage of this wavelength range. For this reason, it has not fully been understood how much water is contained in asteroids.
The Japanese infrared satellite AKARI, launched in February 2006, was equipped with the Infrared Camera (IRC) that allowed us to obtain spectra at near-infrared wavelengths from 2 to 5 micrometers. Using this unique function, the spectroscopic observations of 66 asteroids were carried out and their near-infrared spectra were obtained. This provides the first opportunity to study the features of hydrated minerals in asteroids at around the wavelength of 2.7 micrometers.
The observations detected absorption, which were attributed to hydrated minerals for 17 C-type asteroids. C-type asteroids, which appear dark at visible wavelengths, were believed to be rich in water and organic material, but the present observations with AKARI are the first to directly confirm the presence of hydrated minerals in these asteroids. The absorption strength detected at around 2.7 micrometers varies for each asteroid, and some show absorption features of other substances, such as water ice and ammonia-rich material at around 3.1 micrometers.
When examining C-type asteroids in more detail, the research team discovered a clear relationship between the wavelength of the deepest absorption and the depth of the absorption for the 2.7 micrometers feature. This shows a trend seen in the process where hydrated minerals are being heated up and gradually losing water. The heating energy could be supplied by the solar wind plasma, micrometeorite impacts, or the decay heat from radioactive isotopes in the rocks. This trend had been predicted by meteorite measurements, but this is the first time that it has been confirmed in asteroids. Many C-type asteroids display this trend, suggesting that C-type asteroids were formed by the agglomeration of rocks and water ice, then aqueous alteration occurred in the interior of asteroids to form hydrated minerals, and finally C-type asteroids were heated and dehydrated.
On the other hand, rocky S-type asteroids were considered to not contain water, unlike C-type asteroids. In the present study, hydrated minerals were not detected in most S-types, but it was newly discovered that there are exceptional cases of a few asteroids that show slight signs of hydrated minerals. The signs of water found in such S-type asteroids were probably not generated by aqueous alteration as in C-types, but were produced by collisions of other hydrated asteroids, that is, it is the exogenous origin that brought about the hydrated minerals. Asteroid collisions with each other occasionally occur. At the early stage of the solar system formation, a number of small bodies including asteroids were larger than the present, and collisional events must have been more frequent. From the fact that Earth would have experienced collisions with many asteroids, it is imagined that at least some amount of water on Earth was brought from asteroids by such collisions.
AKARI completed its operation in November 2011. For the next opportunity to perform spectroscopy in 2.7 micrometer wavelength with space-borne telescope, we will have to wait until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope by NASA, scheduled in 2021.
Currently, the Japanese asteroid explorer Hayabusa2 and the American OSIRIS-REx are surveying asteroids (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu, respectively. Each explorer has a capability to make measurements in the 2.7 micrometer range to look for the signature of water. "In-situ" observations of asteroids with spacecrafts can provide detailed information about craters and topography, aspects that ground-based and Earth-orbiting telescopes cannot reveal. The present results significantly help increase the scientific values of the data obtained by the explorers and understand the properties of asteroids Ryugu and Bennu in details.


text:
Chrysopilus subamurensis är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Nina Krivosheina och Vasily S. Sidorenko 2006. Chrysopilus subamurensis ingår i släktet Chrysopilus och familjen snäppflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Snäppflugor
subamurensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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 * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
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								'Tables are sortable.',
								'Forums are an easy way to add functionality',
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								'Did you know that ExpressionEngine.com has over 75,000 registered members! If we laid down in a line we\'d circle the Earth and then some!',
								'Make sure you assign a status group to all of your channels.',
								'Have you backed up your database lately?',
								'Did you know… that the help button is context sensitive based on where you are in the control panel?',
								'Did you know… that you can view previously sent email from the Communicate tool?',
								'Did you know… that Accessories can be assigned to member groups?  Or even sections of the control panel?',
								'You can use the "disable" parameter to eliminate unneeded queries and improve performance.',
								'Need help? Want to network? Visit the forums.',
								'To hide EE tags in your templates you can use the EE comment feature {!—EE Comment—} as opposed to typical HTML comments <!—HTML Comment—>',
								'"Display SQL Queries & Template debugging" is a great way to see under the hood of EE during development.',
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Associations and unions Robert Bronk takes helm as Ontario Construction Secretariat's CEO
Robert Bronk has become the Ontario Construction Secretariat's (OCS) new chief executive officer today (Oct. 2), replacing the previous CEO Sean Strickland, who left the organization in April to become Pomerleau's director of business development and industry relations.
Joe Keys, president of the OCS board of directors, made the announcement at the organization's annual general meeting on Aug. 30. Bronk took the helm at the OCS after leaving his previous job as executive director of the Ontario Industrial and Finishing Skills Centre.
New appointments/reappointments to the OCS board include:
Labour: John Grimshaw, IBEW Council of Ontario and Joe Redshaw, International Union of Operating Engineers; and management: Joe Keyes, Construction Labour Relations Association of Ontario; Jim Lyons, Windsor Construction Labour Relations Group; and Brendon Pageau, Mechanical Contractors Association of Ontario.
The OCS was formed in 1993 to represent the collective interests of the unionized construction industry in Ontario's industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) construction sector. As a joint labour-management organization, the organization says it is dedicated to enhancing Ontario's unionized ICI construction industry by developing relationships, facilitating dialogue and providing value-added research.
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The SynCardia Total Artificial Heart is a biventricular device that fully replaces a patient's failing heart in order to maintain cardiac health when a patient's heart may have otherwise failed before receiving a donor transplant. The device works by completely removing the two ventricles and four valves of a patient's heart in a manner that leaves the atria, aorta, and pulmonary artery intact. When a donor heart becomes available, the Total Artificial Heart is removed from these sites, and the new heart is easily attached to the remaining circulatory structures. The Total Artificial Heart is powered by a portable driver the patient can wear like a backpack.
What sets this artificial heart apart from others currently on the market is the increased biostability of the Elast-Eon™ Polymer PHV (Pulmonary Heart Valve).The nanotexture surface that coats the Elast-Eon™ Polymer PHV is designed to create adhesion between tissue and the device, enhancing the "stickiness" of the device and allowing it to sufficiently bind to the surrounding tissue. Adhesion is achieved by optimizing texture, electrostatic charge, and molecular binding sights known as ligands. The surface is also designed to have an affinity for endothelial cells but not platelets. This allows the device to be naturally coated by the patient's cells, replicating the environment found on the endocardial layer of a heart, without developing the risk of platelet clotting through coagulation. Lastly, because it contains a synthesized, biocompatible co-polymer of silicone macrodiols and polyurethanes that the body does not recognize as foreign, the coating reduces the likelihood of rejection and eliminates the need for immunosuppressant medication.
The Total Artificial is able to serve as an immediately available mechanical circulatory support device to restore cardiac and organ vitality of the patient, increasing their viability a transplant candidate. Its nanotexture polymer surface decreases post-op risk associated with transplant rejection by the body's immune system, and mechanical failure due to device dislodgement.
The Total Artificial Heart immediately and completely eliminates the symptoms and source of heart failure. Unlike donor transplants, which have availability of approximately 3,500 per year worldwide, the Total Artificial Heart is immediately available at any SynCardia Certified Center. The Total Artificial Heart restores the cardiovascular health of the patient by increasing cardiac index, overcoming high pulmonary arterial pressure, and restoring central venous pressure, which revives the health of vital organs. The Total Artificial also increases survival rate by 33% compared to those who did not use the device as a bridge to their second transplant.
One difficulty in heart implants is the risk of having blood flow cause the implant to detach from its site. There also remains a risk of the patient's immune system rejecting the device.


text:
Hawaii Failed In Its Pandemic Response. It Has Another Chance To Get It Right - Honolulu Civil Beat
Nonprofit News Powered By Eric Chang Suzanne Courtney Nanette Hee Frederique Kandel Janet Moya Readers Like You
Hawaii Failed In Its Pandemic Response. It Has Another Chance To Get It Right
The pandemic has revealed deep cracks in Hawaii's government and social system, but also created an opportunity for real change.
By Jessica Terrell / September 23, 2020
Reading time: 16 minutes.
Editor's note: This is the first in a series of articles that analyze Hawaii's experience with the coronavirus over the past six months. We're taking a collective deep breath and exploring what's transpired in a number of different areas — including leadership, communications and data, schools, hospitals, business and the economy, tourism and even with people themselves — to better understand how we came to be in the situation we're in now and how best to move forward. For this overview analysis, Deputy Editor Jessica Terrell revisits what's happened since the virus emerged in March. She spoke with numerous public health, economic, government and social science experts who put Hawaii's experience in perspective and provided some thoughts for the future.
It's been six months since Hawaii's first stay-at-home order went into effect, barring residents from most public spaces and shuttering thousands of businesses in an attempt to stop COVID-19 from spreading across the islands.
On Wednesday — 184 days later — residents on Oahu are waiting to emerge from a second stay-at-home order, with many wondering what there is to show for months of personal sacrifice.
The Like Like Drive Inn went out of business in April, one of scores of COVID-19 related closures in the state.
More than 11,000 people in Hawaii have been diagnosed with the virus. Outbreaks at jails and nursing homes are challenging our ability to manage the disease in vulnerable settings. And the virus has established itself so firmly in the community that the federal government had to step in to help health officials get a grip on the exploding number of cases — this in a state that had only recently made plans to market itself as "the safest place in the world."
"There's no way to look back at what happened and come up with any conclusion other than we failed," says Carl Bonham, executive director of the University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization.
Things are not all bad. Despite its summer surge, Hawaii still had the sixth-lowest per-capita rate of cases in the country as of Monday — though much of that may be due more to luck than effective governing.
Hawaii's limited entry points likely gave it an advantage in controlling the early phase of the pandemic.
Hawaii had major advantages aiding its pandemic response: An ocean to help seal its borders more tightly than any other state seeking to quarantine travelers. A population more likely to don masks than residents on the mainland unfamiliar with the custom or unwilling to give up personal comfort in the name of safety. The support of residents, a majority of whom said they were willing to bear extreme financial burdens in order to keep the state safe.
And we had time: Washington state saw its first fatality from COVID-19 on Feb. 29. Hawaii didn't lose a resident to the disease until April 1.
Still, six months into the pandemic, the fight against the virus has battered Hawaii's economy and taken a serious toll on the mental health of residents.
As beleaguered parents brace for the second month of virtual classes, businesses continue to lay off employees and federal benefits dry up, the state is facing perhaps its biggest challenge yet: restarting tourism safely when just relaxing restrictions for residents was enough to send cases skyrocketing and force the state back into lockdown.
"We sort of have a second chance now," Bonham says, "and we have to get it right."
So where did it all go wrong? And more importantly, where do we go from here?
A lack of clear leadership, failure to bolster contact tracing when cases were low, and poor public communication undercut the state's virus response. To get it right moving forward, the state will need to get better at pivoting quickly as situations change and bring a more diverse group of experts to the table to help find solutions.
Hawaii moved quickly at first to contain the virus and prepare for economic fallout.
State and federal officials hammered out an agreement in early February for Pearl Harbor to serve as a quarantine site. Lawmakers approved $10.5 million in emergency funding to combat the virus. House Speaker Scott Saiki created a 26-member panel with some of the biggest names in Hawaii business to buttress the economy. Gov. David Ige appointed Lt. Gov. Josh Green, an emergency room physician, to work with health care providers as the state's coronavirus health care liaison.
Within two weeks of Hawaii identifying its first coronavirus case on March 6, the government's pandemic response was already being slowed by political infighting, poor communication and missed opportunities.
Part of the problem is that states are not equipped to handle major health crises like a pandemic, says Scott Greer, a political scientist and professor at the University of Michigan who has done research on past pandemic responses.
Lt. Gov. Josh Green, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 earlier in September, was appointed the state's health care coronavirus liaison early in the pandemic.
States simply don't have the incentive or the cash to build the kind of response system needed, Greer said. There is no state that can fund an agency with the necessary firepower.
"The whole system depends on the federal government and the federal government depends on the White House," Greer said. "So in the event that the White House just simply refuses to do its job, there's literally nobody else capable effectively of picking up and replacing it, which gives us the situation we're in now."
In the absence of strong federal leadership, Hawaii faltered. Ige, well-known for his deliberative governing style, was slow to impose closures and so county mayors began acting on their own — despite little guidance on what power they had to make such decisions.
Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell ordered bars and restaurants to close to in-person dining, and shut down all city parks, even though he said he was uncertain what state laws or county ordinances gave him the power to do so. Kauai Mayor Derek Kawakami ordered a nightly curfew, and Maui Mayor Mike Victorino put limits on public gatherings and restaurant service.
Jay Nordyke holds his shirt over his face while standing in line in the parking lot of Sams Club in March. The state has since mandated masks in most public spaces.
By March 19, Saiki sent a letter to Ige calling his pandemic response "utterly chaotic" and implored the governor to quarantine incoming travelers and impose a statewide lockdown on residents.
The health department identified the first cases of community spread on March 20, and a day later Ige announced a 14-day quarantine for travelers arriving from out of state.
Still, Ige resisted ordering residents to stay home. So once again, county officials acted on their own. Caldwell issued a stay-at-home order for Oahu residents starting March 23. Victorino issued a similar order on Maui. Ige followed suit with a statewide stay-at-home order starting two days later, but only after intense lobbying from lawmakers.
By then Green — who had also been critical of the governor's action, or lack thereof, had been sidelined from the pandemic response. Green and Ige publicly patched up their differences, but criticism of the government response kept rolling in.
A Communication Crisis
A pandemic is as much a communications emergency as it is a medical crisis, points out Tetine Sentell, director of the Office of Public Health Studies at the University of Hawaii Manoa.
"Public health really depends on public trust," Sentell said. "And if people feel they're being misled or misinformed, they won't be willing to make sacrifices."
The failure of state and county leaders — in Hawaii and across the country — to clearly articulate why they were making decisions and what data they were basing those decisions on, is pointed to as a major failure by most experts Civil Beat interviewed for this story.
What is Fault Lines?
"Fault Lines" is a special project that explores discord in Hawaii and what we as a community can do to bridge some of the social and political gaps that are developing. Read more here.
In April, the stay-at-home orders appeared to be working. Cases started to decline and by the end of the month, people who had recovered from the virus outnumbered people still sick with the disease. But Hawaii officials at every level of government were struggling to clearly communicate — with the public and with each other.
The failures were on clear display. On April 17, a Senate budget briefing descended into a shouting match between lawmakers and the governor's chief of staff, who senators accused of withholding information critical to the state's pandemic response.
The information-sharing challenge has never been fully resolved, despite months of pushing for data from the Department of Health about the source of infections, locations of case clusters and contact tracing capacity.
Month after month during the pandemic, as new emergency orders and restrictions were rolled out and then lifted, confusion abounded. County mayors called for new restrictions publicly before getting approval from the governor, and announced — and then retracted a day later — decisions that were not made on clear science.
This kind of instability and unpredictability has a trickle-down effect on the public.
"It creates a lot of tension and, you know, a sense of instability and unpredictability that also contributes to our mental health," said Jane Chung-Do, an associate professor at the Office of Public Health Studies at UH Manoa.
The Spike Begins
At the start of the pandemic, officials worried that Honolulu airport was going to be the site of a superspreader event. It was not. Our spike came from within.
In June and July, as restrictions eased across the state, residents freed from the confines of overcrowded homes and set loose in a Hawaii devoid of tourists for the first time in generations, started gathering together again. Restaurants and bars reopened. People could suddenly shop and go to beauty parlors again.
Clusters began to pop up. At a Hawaiian Airlines training. Gyms. Bars. Honolulu Hale. The health department shared little information about where the cases were spreading from and how successfully they were able to trace those cases. Then the number of cases skyrocketed.
People start returning to Ala Moana Beach Park in late May as the island started opening up after weeks of COVID-19 restrictions. No cases have been definitively linked to the beach.
Ronen Zilberman/Civil Beat
Every successful effort in the last century to halt a pandemic through public health measures has involved four essential tactics, Greer says: test, trace, isolate, protect.
The goal of a shutdown, then, is to reduce the number of cases to a level that testing and tracing can be effective — and to buy enough time to bolster the government's ability to wield those four tools, Greer said.
This didn't happen.
"We did make the right decisions on the quarantine," Bonham said. "And then, you know, while we should have been doing the hard work to be prepared for opening, we dropped the ball."
Even as cases dropped, concerns began to surface about the health department's ability to contact people diagnosed with the virus and identify the source of new infections. Health officials, meanwhile, insisted for months the department had the staff it needed to handle its workload. By the time the department admitted it was overloaded, it was too late.
By now, the rest of the story should be familiar. Hawaii suddenly had one of the highest rates of infection in the country. Plans to restart tourism through a pre-travel testing program were pushed back again and again. That program is now supposed to go into effect on Oct. 15, but few details have been released on how it will work.
The federal government paid for thousands of tests in a surge testing program that determined Oahu has a relatively low positivity rate overall.
The state re-instituted an interisland travel quarantine. Oahu went back under a stay-at-home order that it will start to emerge from later this week. The U.S. surgeon general flew to Oahu to help launch a federally funded testing surge. When he got here, the surgeon general called out the racial disparities in Hawaii's COVID-19 cases as "astounding."
Broader Challenges
If Hawaii's unique geography and culture helped stave off an initial wave of infections, its political culture presents its own set of challenges.
The state has new leadership at the Department of Health, but that may not be enough to change systemic challenges, Bonham says.
To make matters worse, Hawaii's government is not very nimble — a quality that it desperately needs to survive this crisis, says Peter Adler, a professional mediator.
"We've gotten fat and lazy on a lot of stuff and just not very responsive," Adler said. "We don't have very good ways of engaging the public."
The state doesn't have enough community-level forums for problem-solving, Adler says. COVID-19 is a unique challenge, and recovering from this crisis will call for new approaches that bring together good thinkers, diverse people, not just the same old people.
Hawaii's government needs better ways to engage citizens in solutions to problems, says mediator Peter Adler.
Cory Lum
Bringing more people to the table could play a critical role in moving forward, said Catherine Pirkle, an associate professor of Health Policy and Management at UH Manoa.
The people who are driving the response so far have not necessarily been experts in population health or behavioral health — two disciplines that can help us understand how people as societies behave and engage.
"We're asking people to fundamentally change behaviors that are usually very healthy and that are very much at the essence of what it is to be a human being," Pirkle said of efforts to limit socializing. "And so if we're asking for such fundamental changes in behavior, then it's really important to bring experts to the table who are experts in things like behavioral change."
Working with people from hard-hit communities is also critical. Non-Hawaiian Pacific Islanders have the highest rate of COVID-19 cases of any ethnic group in Hawaii, but community leaders had to fight hard for resources, attention — and to be involved in the state's response, points out Tetine Sentell, professor and director of the Office of Public Health Studies at UH Manoa,
One of the things that has happened is that fault lines or inequities in our society have become very clear, Sentell said. These inequities have exacerbated the pandemic, but it also gives Hawaii a chance to finally address them.
"We can also very clearly see how we're all connected and we need to do well together as a collective for our shared health and economic growth," Sentell said. "Our economy is shut down in part because we couldn't figure out how to make sure everyone stayed safe, healthy, and informed."
As Oahu gets ready to emerge from its second shutdown, the state has a chance to do things differently.
But the stakes are high, Bonham says. A third shutdown would be worse than another round of delays, he said.
Bonham is hopeful that changes in leadership — the state has a new health director and a new person in charge of contact tracing — will pay off. But lawmakers and business leaders will have to demand better data to show that it's working.
"We can be cautiously hopeful or optimistic or whatever," Bonham said. "Well, we have to verify, right? It's like trust but verify. And the verifying part is really important."
If states reopen without a solid plan to test, trace and isolate, Greer said, the results will be bad.
You get a little bit of tax revenue, he said, but you've also set a time bomb for an explosion of COVID-19 infections.
Volunteers worked to distribute free food at the Windward Mall in Kaneohe. The pandemic offers Hawaii a chance to address longstanding inequities in the state.
Greer says his No. 1 piece of advice for governments is to throw everything at strategies to "test, trace, isolate, protect" — even if it means leaving government services faltering.
Those four strategies will only work, points out Pirkle, with careful implementation. Which is why bringing together a diverse set of voices from multiple professional fields becomes essential.
Underpinning all Hawaii's strategies should be a better communication strategy for keeping the public informed about the pandemic response.
"A lot of governments by now have comprehensively blown their credibility on this," Greer said.
But there's also an incredible appetite in the public for information, Greer said. So even governments that have destroyed public trust for information, still have a chance to get the benefit of the doubt by changing course.
The best strategy, Greer says, is to have a clear spokesperson — someone with credibility and good media presence — to voice health policies. When those policies change, explain exactly what changed and why.
"Give people the underlying logic so they don't get caught up in making fun of your pettifogging rules," Greer said. "Explain your reasoning."
Government reform often comes about in times of crisis, said William Eggers, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Government Insights.
The key is that government agencies have to start thinking of themselves as "learning organizations" with a big sense of urgency to adapt to the challenges ahead. To get better at anticipating challenges and moving quickly to put new policies and programs into place.
If that can happen, there may be a real silver lining from all this upheaval: communities that are better equipped to tackle the next big challenge.
"I think it's going to really dramatically accelerate that notion of what is a resilient city," Eggers said.
Civil Beat readership has more than doubled in the past nine months. That's incredible growth for which we're so grateful.
But for a small nonprofit newsroom that provides free content with no paywall, readership growth alone can't sustain our journalism. The truth is that less than 1% of our monthly readers are financial supporters.
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Jessica Terrell
Jessica Terrell is a deputy editor at Civil Beat. You can reach her by email at jterrell@civilbeat.org.
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Misfits Gaming will open a gaming arena in Berlin in September.
The facility will provide opportunities for fans to interact with the organization's League of Legends team.
Misfits currently competes in the EU LCS, which will move to a franchise system next year.
(EU LCS), which will adopt a franchise model next year. The list of teams accepted into the franchise program has not yet been announced.
Misfits will hold a grand opening for the arena in September at Berlin's Europa Center.


From the imposition of the city grid in 1811 through the present, the area known today as First Park has evolved from cemetery to neighborhood. From the early nineteenth century until the 1930s, Houston Street existed as a typical New York City street—narrow, edged on both sides by tenement buildings, characterized by the local cultural context of house, shop, neighborhood, and city, with clearly articulated identities of local and outsider. During the IND Subway extension project of the 1930s, the block between First and Second Avenues was cut in half; buildings on the north side of the street were demolished to widen the street. This dramatic, Haussmannian intervention on the Lower East Side brought the reality of the older section of town into closer proximity with the new city. When the building at 33 East 1st Street was razed and the remaining lot appropriated as parkland, a direct link was formed between these two conditions, what architects Silva Ajemian and Jorge Prado have described as the micro- and macro-locals. FSG exists to explore this fissure that has become a bridge, and a dynamic dialogue of the city with itself. Supported by New York City Parks and Recreation.
Tours will be meeting at StreetFest at 2:30 p.m. and ending at First Park at 3:00.


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11 - June - 2022
Lebanese, this is not your original martyrs statue!
Lebanese, this is not the original statue of the martyrs. If we go back tens of years to the same Martyrs Square, specifically to the Mandate period, it becomes clear that there is another stone statue, bearing the name "Les Pleureuses". So what is his story?
The original statue, sculpted by the Lebanese and international sculptor Youssef Howayek in 1952, was removed because it did not represent the scene of national unity. To ask the Italian artist "Marino Mazzacurati" to build another monument, which was inaugurated in 1960, during the era of President Fouad Chehab.
"Les Pleureuses" awaits lovers of the history of Lebanon, in the courtyard of the Sursock Museum in Ashrafieh.
Will it ever return to its place in Martyrs' Square, to remind the Lebanese once again of Beirut's fascination, culture and the beautiful time of the fifties?
Lebanon to devalue currency by 90% on Feb. 1, central…
Black dollar still swaying!
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Food commodities soon priced in USD!
Fishermen in Lebanon… Working in vain
Lebanon's land transport on the road to collapse
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