2017 was a huge year for Jordan Rakei. The talented 25 year old vocalist, producer and songwriter made his debut on Ninja Tune with his album "Wallflower" offering up a distinct take on Soul that captured a sonic and emotional awareness that belied his age. Through the summer he graced stages at Glastonbury, Dimensions, North Sea Jazz Festival, Farr Festival and more before selling out his debut headline US tour, then heading around the world, including his largest show to date at a rammed O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire in London. In the midst of this he found time to record an incredible version of Frank Ocean's 'Lost' featuring Alfa Mist and present Jamz Supernova's BBC Radio 1Xtra radio show whilst she was away. He ended the year with a prestigious Album Of The Year nomination at Gilles Peterson's Worldwide Awards and was voted #2 in the shortlist.
So far 2018 has yielded a return to the US for a second headline tour (finishing up in Austin for KCRW's SXSW Showcase) and two sold out nights at legendary London venue Ronnie Scott's with a cast of friends joining him onstage from Loyle Carner to Rosie Lowe and Richard Spaven. In the coming weeks he is set to play the BBC Biggest Weekend in Belfast, support labelmate Bonobo at Alexandra Palace, share the bill at Field Day with Erykah Badu, Madlib and Jeff Mills & Tony Allen and then onwards to the summer festivals: Soundwave, Pukkelpop, Lost Village, Lowlands, Electric Picnic and Smokin' Grooves.
'Wildfire' - a brand new track premiered this morning as part of Jordan's live session for Lauren Laverne on BBC Radio 6 Music - is Jordan's first new music since completing "Wallflower" and moving into a new studio that he shares with Alfa Mist.


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Мальпартіда-де-Касерес () — муніципалітет в Іспанії, у складі автономної спільноти Естремадура, у провінції Касерес. Населення —  особи (2010).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 260 км на південний захід від Мадрида, 11 км на захід від Касереса.

Демографія

Галерея зображень

Посилання

Примітки

Муніципалітети провінції Касерес

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Bees get their key nutrients from pollen. There is a lot of nourishment within these woody particles, but they are hard and spiky and their insides are difficult to get at (figure 1).
So the bees' digestive system has to be able handle this food source. This article looks at the anatomy of the organ where most of this digestion happens, the ventriculus.
Swallowed pollen grains pass along the esophagus to enter the crop. From here they are gathered by the proventricular 'mouth' and passed into the ventriculus, through a sleeve, the cardiac (or stomodeal) valve (figure 2) which prevents regurgitation. Within the ventriculus the swallowed pollen is kept within membranes, the peritrophic membranes (figure 3). These thin membranes are secreted by the cells lining the ventriculus (epithelial cells). Nearly all insects have membranes like these, and a considerable amount of study has gone into establishing the role that they play in digestion. In the honey bee these membranes are produced by some of the epithelial cells and successive sheets of membrane peel away from the wall and coat each bolus of pollen as it arrives (figure 3).
Figure 2. The first part of the ventriculus. The stomodael (or cardiac) valve (1) is a sleeve surrounding the opening bringing food from the crop through the proventriculus. It prevents regurgitation back into the crop.
Figure 3. Two peritrophic membranes (1) in the ventriculus. These contain pollen (2) at two different stages of digestion.
The pollen can move relatively quickly along the length of the ventriculus within the membrane, arriving at the end of the ventriculus within minutes. Here it is generally held for some hours before passing through to the next part of the digestive system which lies beyond the opening of the malphigian tubules, through the pyloric valve, the small intestine (figure 4). Once a layer of peritrophic membrane has peeled away, a further layer is formed, and several layers can be seen in some histological sections through the ventriculus. These peritrophic membranes move more slowly along the ventriculus and are also, ultimately, digested.
Figure 4. The digestive system. Oesophagus (1), crop (yellow, 2), ventriculus (green, 3), malphigian tubules (4), proventriculus (5), small intestine (red, 6).
Figure 5. Epithelial cells in the ventriculus laden with packages of digestive enzymes which are seen as small dark particles in the cells.
The membranes were previously thought to provide protection for the lining of the ventriculus from sharp points on the pollen. However, it is more likely that they are important in concentrating a range of digestive chemicals (enzymes) where they are most needed. These enzymes are produced by the epithelial cells themselves and they break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The production of enzymes varies along the ventriculus, a higher proportion are released towards the end of the ventriculus (figure 5), whereas in the first part of ventriculus many are bound to the surface of long, finger-like microvilli (figure 6).
Figure 6. Transmission electron microscopy (x5600) image of the surface of a ventricular cell (1). Numerous finger-like villi (2) carrying digestive enzymes extend into the liquid layer over the surface. Further from the surface the liquid is thick with digestive enzymes and particles, the glycocalyx.
The peritrophic membranes probably create compartments within the ventriculus (Moritz and Crailsheim) (figure 7). For example, there is evidence that the enzymes released towards the end of the ventriculus are washed back up the ventriculus in a stream of liquid between the outermost membrane and the ventricular wall. This stream of liquid is likely to come from the malphigian tubules as their flow onwards can be impeded by a ring of muscles at the beginning of the small intestine, the pyloric sphincter. This fluid flowing back up the ventriculus is probably largely absorbed by ventricular cells and returned to the haemolymph from where fluid is once more collected by the malphigian tubules. In this way fluid is recycled between the digestive and excretory systems. In addition a cycle of fluid moves within the ventriculus, forward within the membranes and backwards around the sides (Jimenez and Gilliam). This countercurrent flow system has been observed in other insects.
The enzymes brought back up the ventriculus pass through the membranes and mix with swallowed pollen. In this way enzymes are concentrated within membrane packages where they can be most effective in penetrating pollen and digesting out the contents (figure 8). Once the pollen is finally released from the end of the ventriculus it passes into the small intestine.
intestine, after their contents have been digested while passing through the ventriculus.
Polypeptides and other complex molecules released from within the pollen need to be broken down further. The molecules pass through pores in the peritrophic membranes before being cleaved to simpler compounds by enzymes outside the peritrophic membranes and in a viscous layer, the glycocalyx, that coats the epithelial cells, as well as by enzymes bound on the surface of microvilli. Finally, simple compounds are absorbed through the ventricular epithelial cells and released into the haemolymph.
Jimenez D.R., Gilliam M. Age-related changes in midgut ultrastructure and trypsin activity in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Apidologie 1989; 20: 287-303.


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Home movie reviews
Review: Peter Parker finally grows out of that awkward phase in SPIDER-MAN: HOMECOMING
By: Kyle Pinion Thursday, June 29, 2017 0 comments
With a third try at the bat, Sony's team-up with Marvel Studios to once again "get Spider-Man right" as Spider-Man: Homecoming plops Peter Parker (Tom Holland) into the current Marvel Cinematic Universe in tone, visual style, and at its most macro-level, plotting. There's a bit riding on this picture, as its the first team-up between the once competing studios, and another misstep would run the risk of poisoning the well. The title of the film is a cute bit of meta-wordplay in that Spidey is finally allowed to exist within the Marvel world he belongs to, while at the same time the plot itself centers around the upcoming homecoming dance at Peter's high school.
We're not thrown directly into Peter's high school life right away though, as Homecoming opens with some significant connective tissue to Captain America: Civil War, viewers are given an opportunity to see the major action set-piece of that film from Peter's POV. Additionally, as we long-time followers of the MCU know, we haven't seen much of the aftermath of the events post-splintering of Captain America and Iron Man's relationship, thusly Homecoming provides some minor details in that regard. The connective threads don't stop there though, as Homecoming offers a mini-origin story for the film's antagonist, Adrian Toomes (Michael Keaton), a city contractor who has to resort to illegally scrapping alien tech after his business is undercut by the Tony Stark-led Department of Damage Control. From here, is born, The Vulture – who with his cadre of thugs like The Tinkerer (Michael Chernus) and The Shocker (Bokeem Woodbine) -aims to put the Chitauri alien tech and other superpowered goods for sale on the black market.
Once that table setting is complete, we're finally offered a better glimpse into Peter's everyday life, which involves patrolling the streets of New York, keeping his extra-curricular activities hidden from Aunt May (Marissa Tomei), and trying to get close to his crush, Liz (Laura Harrier), the captain of his Academic Decathalon Team. His only support structure for both aspects of his life, is his long-time pal Ned (Jacob Batalon), who not only shares his high school outcast struggle, but also acts as his "man in the chair" for his rogue escapades. This is where Homecoming really works best, as when the tone is light and breezy and more concerned with character over plot. The script (credited to no less than six(!!) writers) displays a very affable spirit that reflects a kind of spin on the teenage/coming of age genre. While we often hear about how each Marvel Studios effort tries to inhabit other types of films beyond superhero pictures (Ant-Man as a heist movie, Winter Solider as a political thriller, etc), this is probably the first of these projects that successfully embodies the genre it targets. This is helped with genuinely funny and warm dialogue delivered by really well cast young actors, who are, for the most part, age appropriate – we've come a long way since Tobey Maguire and James Franco played high schoolers. It's pertinent to note that this movie lives and dies on Tom Holland's performance, which is easily the best live action depiction of Spider-Man. In-costume, he is just as funny and wise-cracking as you'd hope he'd be, he's the perfect physical specimen, wiry and acrobatic as is appropriate, and outside of the costume, he has a sort of earnestness ala Marty McFly that someone like Andrew Garfield could never quite capture. Here's the thing, I would argue that Tobey Maguire was a great Peter Parker but a bad Spider-Man, Andrew Garfield was a great Spider-Man, but a bad Peter Parker, with Tom Holland we finally get both.
My initial reaction to his opposite number, The Vulture, was less warm, where I, at first, came out of the film thinking he was just another addition to the pile of generic Marvel baddies. But on reflection, and further discussion, I think there's a bit more beneath the surface thematically that makes the character stand apart. The blue collar nature of Toomes himself is unique, putting a very literal spin on his villainous alter-ego: he actively picks the bones of battles and disasters for financial gain. He's also an active comparator to Tony Stark (Robert Downey Jr.), where he views his job as being not that different from Iron Man's, the only significant distinction between them in his eyes is power. Tony operates with the support of the government and America's institutions, providing technology, aide, and in some cases literal weapons to the country's defense; and as one of the character's points out, Tony is paid not only to make the mess, but also clean it up. This consolidation of wealth and power leaves no place for Toomes in the world, so he makes his own path under the cover of night. Keaton straddles a thin line here, as his performance is aimed somewhere between "phoning it in" and realism. Given the Vulture's salt of the earth demeanor in this incarnation, a more restrained essaying of the role is fitting. Toomes also has a deeper connection to the above-mentioned genre trappings that is especially clever.
Those really rock-solid foundations of strongly defined characters and performances allow Homecoming to largely succeed, but it doesn't fully escape from some of the blander elements that often infect Marvel Studios efforts. For instance, while the film is a fun teenage romp, it's not exactly an enticing action picture. Holland looks great when he's working solo in broad daylight to keep the streets safe, but is less effective in giant action set-pieces where he's barely visible and once again, no one has been able to solve the "rubber band man" problem where Spidey's more superpowered exploits are concerned. The majority of this falls at the feet of director Jon Watts, whose action chops are sub-optimal, particularly for a character in need of a filmmaker who can make the best use of his powerset. There are action sequences in the film, both in the middle, and in the third act especially, that are an utter chore to get through. And for a movie that is 133 minutes long, this can feel like an eternity.
A more minor concern is within the arc itself for Peter, where the story is pitched to be about change and growth, but all told, the Peter you start with is basically the Peter you end with. It's unclear that we actually saw Peter grow in any way, but instead was just luckier in one set of circumstances than the other. Peter is imbued with a certain amount of innocence and heroism right from the start, that any further change in his outlook seems a bit unclear, which in turn undercuts his journey somewhat. Because this angle within the story is undercooked, much of Tony and Happy Hogan's (Jon Favreau) screentime seems fruitless and at times cut and paste into the film.
Those issues aside, it's easy to declare this, at the very least, the most successful Spider-Man film since Raimi's second as it skirts some of its more troubling aspects with a healthy dose of charm, humor, and the best central performance the character has ever been treated to.
(One last thing, it also features one of Marvel's best Easter Eggs, and one of its absolute worst. I look forward to you all finding out which is which.)
for the most part...
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History Nigeria
Enslavement Of Hausa People Till Further Notice
Published On GlobalNewsCity
Editor: Arinze Chiukwu Okoye
Urthman dan Fodio a Fulani descendant from Asia continent was born in 1751.
He was a slave to the King of Gobir in Hausa Kingdom after being allowed to stay in the Kingdom.
He was pampered, supported and was giving all kinds of humanitarian help to grow healthy.
Joined him to the growing numbers of traveling Islamic scholars through the Hausa Kingdoms in the 1770s and became quite popular in the 1790s.
Originally, dan Fodio's preaching received the support of all the leaderships of Gobir, as his influence increased because of the supports giving by King and leadership of Hausa Kingdom so he began to advocate for self-defense and to be free from slavery by trying to deceive them. "I am sent by Allah to liberate you to life".
He started plotting against the Hausa Kingdom, deceiving his slave mates and other suffering peoples to kill the King of Gobir and take their land. However he started arming his followers, his favor with the leadership decreased. Sarkin Gobir Nafata, the king of Gobir, placed a series of restrictions and laws on dan Fodio's preaching.
Pres. Buhari sponsoring fulani herdsmen with AK-47 arms, Nigeria Police Force PRO Jimoh Moshood Concluded/ Video
In 1801, Sarkin Gobir Yunfa, a former pupil of dan Fodio, replaced Nafata as King of Gobir. However, King Yunfa increased the restrictions and laws on dan Fodio and exiled him from Gobir to the village of Degel for he became evil minded violating all the rules and laws of the land.
Dan Fodio being thrown out from the Kingdom his hatred to Hausa people grows so deadly.
With his few followers he became to invade the minorities of Hausa Kingdom, killing, raping, hanging, beheading, Torturing, slaughtering, rampaging, burning homeland, villages, burning hausa people alive, pregnant women, men, children and old, taking out baby from pregnant women and kill, taking them as slaves and forcing them to fight their own people in torture and hunger, he didn't spear anyone, the land was smelling bloody, he thereby planning a major attack on Gobir Kingdom.
When the King Sarkin Gobir Nafata, the former King of Gobir
heard all his destructions, he regretted that he would have killed him.
"After allowing, supporting and helping dan Fodio to grow healthy in my Kingdom, he betrayed now turns and plot to kill us all, take our land and subject us to slavery".
A crisis developed later in 1803 when King Yunfa attacked and captured many of the followers of a group associated with dan Fodio. King Yunfa then marched the prisoners through Degel, enraging many of dan Fodio's followers that attacked the army, gave them message to deliver to dan Fodio and freed the prisoners.
Nigerian Federal High Court Freed Another 475 BokoHaram Terrorists To Undergo "Rehabilitation" While IPOB Innocent Unarmed Citizens Are Dying In Various Jails.
King Yunfa gave dan Fodio the option of exile before destroying Degel completely, which led to the large-scale conquering of more Hausas as slaves "hijra" all the followers of dan Fodio a community left to Gudu. So many people went with dan Fodio throughout the state that on February 21, 1804, Hausa communities, Kingdoms keep being rampaging, home land burnt and destroy, people forcefully kidnapping to join dan Fodio for the upcoming Jihad war in the whole of Hausa Kingdom, dan Fodio enslaving more large numbers of Hausa indigene with great torture and death.
King of Gobir Yunfa declared war on dan Fodio, to kill him before he deceives all his people and orders serious punishment to anyone joining him.
Several fights arises between the two forces at the Battle of Tsuntua. King Yunfa with his army was victorious and dan Fodio lost large number of men, due the battle did not diminish his forces.
He retaliated by capturing the village of Matankari, enslaved more Hausa indigene with horrifying impunity and torture which he "lied" and told them that he want to safe them from suffering "I am sent by Allah to fight for you and give you life" he said, he therefore commanded multitudes of Hausa people to go to war, because there are very less numbers of Fulani people, which resulted the deadly battle of Tafkin Kwattoa, a major fight between King Yunfa and dan Fodio's forces. A large numbers of Dan Fodio's forces precisely Hausa people were massacred but were able to prevent King Yunfa from advancing on Gunu.
Radio bbc Igbo Service Is A Deception, Fraud And Injustice By British Govt. Against Biafran People ~ Be Warned
Dan Fodio thus capturing lots of Hausa communities and Kingdoms lying was his instrument of war to Hausa people "I am sent by Allah, I came to set you free from suffering" and convincing larger numbers of people to join his forces, Hausas not knowing that dan Fodio have deadly mindset against them, thereby using them to massacre themselves then will enslave them for eternity.
Dan Fodio only wants their land and enslave them as they did to him the very time he came to Hausa Kingdom, he wasn't counting on humanitarian help and support but totally negative.
In 1805, the majority of Hausa forces of dan Fodio, the jihadists, captured the Hausa Kingdom of Kebbi after lots of deadly and inhumanity blood spills of large number of Hausa people living peacefully.
By 1807, the jihadists had taken over the peaceful people in the states of Katsina and Daura, and the important kingdom of Kano in a deadliest horrifying bloodshed and unlawful impunity. The whole of Hausa Kingdom was smelling blood and fear.
Dan Fodio lies so much that he wanted Hausa Kingdom so warmly, he keep deceiving them daily "I am sent by Allah to liberate you from suffering into life", but in other hands, forcefully beheading, torturing, Hausa indigene till death both men, women, kids, old, he spears know one even pregnant women so that they may fear him and take him as a prophet of Allah.
Followers of dan Fodio declared him to be the "Amir al-Mu'minin", commander of the faithful, and denounced their allegiance to Gobir, that was the fall of Hausa Kingdom. "Trust".
Daily lies of Urthman dan Fodio grows so high following his Hausa forces, he then assembled them and a few numbered Fulani's to lead in jihad against the Hausa-Kingdoms of the north, now Nigeria.
The Hausa forces of Urthman dan Fodio slowly in continuously wipe totally away the Hausa Kingdom in deadliest horror, that's unlawful and unimaginable, not easy to narrate [...] took over more and more of the Hausa kingdoms, capturing Gobir in 1808 and executing King Yunfa with horrific torture after
raping his wives to death infront of him.
"Nigeria Was Built For Britain Not To Go Bankruptcy" British Govt, Deadliest Terrorist World Affairs Is Afraid To Proscribe Till This Day, Built BBC For Media Weapon
With the capture of Gobir, the jihadists saw that they were part of a wider regional struggle. They continued with battles against a number of Hausa Kingdoms with impunity and lots of Hausa slaves were captured.
The Sokoto Caliphate expanded over the next two years by deadliest horror, killing, destroying, burning villages, raping, thus lots of uncountable devilish activities was melted Hausa people by dan Fodio to achieve his dreams.
The last major expansion of the jihadists was the toppling of the Sayfawa dynasty in 1846 where Hausa peoples blood were pumping like a river.
"Due many articles were hidden"
The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate and no more Hausa Kingdom, headed by Urthman dan Fodio, which became one of the largest states in West Africa in the 19th, populated by Hausa indigene as his slaves.
He now forcefully commans Fulani men to marry Hausa women to create more populations of Fulani's in the land. His success inspired similar jihads in Western Africa.
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Esther Millison, Fancy Work Editor, Wichita (KS) Weekly Eagle
The daily Wichita (KS) Eagle newspaper published a weekly farm paper, the Weekly Eagle, from January 27, 1888, to May 20, 1919.
The weekly paper inaugurated "My Fancy Work," August 22, 1913, as a special feature of the "Our Home" page edited by Esther Millison. Initially discovered in a scrapbook found at a local yard sale, the feature is typical of localized quilt pattern sources that occurred across the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
During the nine months ending June 5, 1914, the paper illustrated 79 quilt designs in 33 of the newspaper's 39 issues, many of them contributed by readers. At the beginning of the period, the feature includes the first known publication for several designs, and others with names not previously known. By the end of the period, however, the editor reverted to designs published by earlier sources, primarily the Ladies' Art Company catalogs from St. Louis, Missouri.
Although there was an Esther Millison in 19th century America who would have been deceased by the 1910s, and another lady with this name in the 1950s who was born after the 1910s, the identity of the Weekly Eagle's Esther Millison has not been discovered and was likely a pseudonym. Her name is not listed in Wichita's city directories or in Kansas censuses or in censuses in any other state during the right time frame, and has not yet been found in other newspapers. It's possible the household feature emanated not from the Weekly Eagle, but from one of several newspaper unions (early syndicates) that furnished features to hundreds of small weekly newspapers throughout the midwest. Among these was Western Newspaper Union, one of the largest and most pervasive at the time. Miss Millison's columns for the Eagle are poorly edited if at all and replete with grammatical errors.
This is the only clipping in the scrapbook with the headline and date still intact which made my job much easier documenting the feature in the newspaper's microfilm. Left to right, top to bottom, the designs are identified as Star of Many Points, The Double T, Churn Dash, The H, The Double Wrench, and Cross and Crown. One design came from a lady in Helen, Arkansas, two from Oklahoma, and two from Kansas readers. The location of the sixth contributor is not identified.
See separate page for Mrs. Grace Jones, a 1914 Weekly Eagle contributor living in Iowa.
© Wilene Smith, September 24, 2010, all rights reserved (updated December 8, 2010)


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ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- Married with two children, Melissa Devereaux is like many mothers, but a difference that may have set her apart decades ago is now increasingly common. Devereaux, 40, is of "advanced maternal age."
"On your medical chart, they put AMA," she says. "After 35, you get a big stamp on your forehead," she chuckles.
Devereaux had her first child at 36 and her second two years later. While women in their 20s are still the majority of women having children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more and more women are experiencing motherhood later in life.
Between 2002 and 2003, birth rates for women ages 30-34 increased by 4 percent and for women 35-39 increased by 6 percent. For women 40-44, the rate rose 5 percent. In the 22 years from 1981 to 2003, that demographic group's birth rate doubled, the CDC reported.
Experts say there can be some health consequences to waiting, even with the temptation of greater financial stability and flexibility as years go by.
Many women claim the advantages of having children later in life offset any negatives.
Still, while mothers who give birth to children in their 30s and 40s can relate to one another's experiences, their situations remain unique.
Instead of marrying and having children out of high school in their early 20s, an increasing number of women end up postponing motherhood -- sometimes focusing on their career, traveling the world or doing other things that are more difficult when you have children.
When she was single, Devereaux had a steady, full-time career and her own home. She and her husband dated several years before they married when she was 35.
Some women have families first and look for a career later, Devereaux notes. She has had the same ups and downs as many career women and many family women, she says -- just in a different order than others.
"I didn't think it was that unusual," says Devereaux. "I just didn't have children. I sort of front loaded that."
As for having children as an "AMA," Devereaux says she never felt out of place, given that many of her friends had similar experiences.
Devereaux's path might have been big news centuries ago, but not today, according to Mary Ellis Gibson, director of Women's and Gender Studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
"The more that women are in the industrialized workforce, as opposed to the agricultural workforce, the more that they work in occupations outside of farming;" says Gibson, noting the trend began in the 19th century. "There's a tendency to have children later."
Gibson echoes the thought that women are putting off motherhood because they are marrying later. More work and education, she says, often delays the entire process of starting a family.
While more women pursue their careers now than decades ago, it doesn't diminish the continuing pressure to hurry up and get hitched in hopes of starting a family.
Christine Dugan felt that pressure. The self-described late bloomer is now the director of media relations for Dickenson College, having previously worked for Hershey Foods and Boeing.
She was comfortable as a single, working, woman, but she says that didn't stop the constant inquiries.
"I would run into people I knew all over the country and even the world. And the first question: 'I can't believe you're not married.'"
Dugan always thought she'd marry and have children of her own. Even after she married her husband and became a stepmother to his son Brennan, whom she loves as her own, that pressure remained.
Somebody said ... you can have it all, you just can't have it all at once.
"There [were] still people in my family that insisted that I'd have children of my own, even though I kept saying I'm 40, that's not the plan at this point, having [Brennan] is sufficient," she says.
Aside from peer and family pressure, comes the underlying nudge from doctors who, like most women, know that fertility declines and health risks increase with age.
"The problem is we always thought we could do it all: We could become president of Chase Manhattan bank and then have our five children," says Mary Jane Minkin, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. "It doesn't work that way ... because, unfortunately, this time clock is real."
Dr. Minkin notes that as women age, their health risks increase whether they're pregnant or not. For women in their late 30s, their eggs are harder to fertilize.
Besides her medical expertise, she speaks from personal experience. A mother of two, she admits she had trouble conceiving her second child at 37 years old, and used an infertility drug to aid the process.
The American Fertility Association says the chances of having a baby decrease 3 percent to 5 percent each year after a woman reaches 30, and at a faster rate after age 40.
The age factor presents other risks as well, for prospective mothers as well as their would-be babies.
"After a certain age, there is an increase in congenital abnormalities ... Down syndrome, all kinds of things," says Dr. Emil Karlovsky, an infertility specialist who has been practicing since 1952. "Also, there's an increase [of] incidents of miscarriages in the older group."
While it might be less risky for a woman to have children in her 20s, there are plenty of successes for older mothers.
Valeria Simms was a mother of young children in her early 20s and, is again today, as a 40-something woman. The Lithonia, Georgia, resident has two grown children, ages 22 and 20, from a previous marriage. She decided to have more children with her second husband when she was in her late 30s.
Simms says things have been easier the second time around.
"I'm a lot more settled. I have a lot more patience now," she says. "When I was in my 20s with my first two, my tolerance was not there at all, [nor was] my understanding of how children need certain things or don't understand things. Like now, I play with my children more. So I'm a really happy older mom."
As to the chronological question of career before kids, Simms says striking a balance is key.
"If you really want your career, then go for that, finish it," she said. "And once you start slowing down, take time to have children because that is a career, that is a full-time job. To me, it's been easier, as I've gotten older, [to] balance the two."
Devereaux did just that. She says she feels fortunate to have had a career in her 20s but children today, with a part-time job with a local non-profit that allows her family flexibility.
"Somebody said ... you can have it all, you just can't have it all at once," she says, "and I really think that's right."


Eve Age: 30. When they connect they enhance each other life.
The grim claim that a Munckin suicide can be glimpsed in The Wizard of Oz has The story about the suicidal Munchkin actor (who was claimed to have killed.
Description:According to a article from CBS affiliate Debunking the Hanging Munchkin An explanation for the anomaly seen in the film is simple. The above-mentioned Meinhardt Raabe, who played the munchkin coroner in the film, asserts that what some people see as a hanging munchkin was actually a large bird brought on the set to add an open air ambiance. It also stands to reason that a suicide on the set would not have gone unnoticed by the actors, crew, and post-production personnel.


The good thing about the frigid winds this week, I decided last night, is that they make you walk quickly, and then the walk is lovely in the end, bracing and invigorating, even though the initial temptation was to stay by the fire. And there's nothing like an invigorating walk to help keep things in focus. Well, actually, now that I think of it, there are many things that help bring things into focus, and Paul McCartney the other night was another.
The walk truly was though, as many thankfully are, a lovely moment. Other moments are nothing short of divine, others still utterly horrid. But most, I find, are a bit of a potpourri, the delectable and unpalatable, the delightful and agonizing, the lovely and unlovely, all present side by side in a split second.
"Let it be," sang Paul McCartney as I wept. Words of wisdom, yes, words I do my best to heed every day of my life, but sometimes fail miserably at. I don't want to let some things be, I don't, I don't, not the big huge frightening things, nor the completely trivial but annoying ones. I want to be in control of my life.
But we're not in control, I just keep forgetting, and life is a little random and unpredictable, quite the ride at times. And though I loved roller coasters when I was a little younger, I no longer do, not since they have a few times unmercifully dumped me out into a terrifying freefall followed by a hard, hard landing.
I don't want to visit my oncologist next week again, nor do I want to fight not to think about it every second of every day between now and then.
Infinitely more trivial, but surprisingly powerful in its own weird way, I didn't want to get a party dress this Christmas either, because I have trouble letting things be. I have not, I realize, accepted my post-ovarian, post-chemo depletion and lumpiness, and shopping for underwear to go under pretty dresses is my new definition of misery.
But Let it Be inspired me. First thing next morning, I went out, walked into a store, and told the clerk to help me find a dress that did not require a waistline to look good in. (I've truthfully never had much of one for much of my life, but now, well now it's even worse, and menopause seems like a good thing to blame it on.) I asked the lovely young woman helping me to do it quickly too, before I changed my mind and opted for the couch and a movie instead of the party.
These young and beautiful fashion experts may often just be filling in time, but sometimes they are saints. She found me a dress, and I'm going to the party. And that, as trivial as it may sound, is not at all trivial. It represents the power of music, and kind and generous spirits, and another small victory in letting it be.


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Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 3.
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saying the necessities of the Army of the Potomac have bottled me up at Bermuda Hundred. See Report of Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant, of the Armies of the United States--1864-65, July 22, 1865. While Butler's main army was making movements toward Richmond, Kautz was out upon another raid on the railways leading to that cit of the Army of the Potomac was virtually closed, and, in view of the gloomy aspect of affairs, it recommended the setting apart of an early day throughout the United States as one for fasting, humiliation, and prayer. It also called for 400,000 more troops, and threatened an immediate and peremptory draft for that number if they an I was willing to make, all could not be accomplished that I had designed north of Richmond. --Report of Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant, of the Armies of the United States--1864-65, July 22, 1865. He had seriously crippled his adversary, who lacked means for recuperation, and he now determined to starve him into submission. Havi
Florida (Florida, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
as unknown by the Nationals, and a wise caution, rightfully exercised, caused a delay fatal to the speedy achievement of such victories, for strength was quickly imparted to both posts. When the movement of Butler and the arrival of Gillmore with troops from Charleston harbor was first known to the Confederates at Richmond, Beauregard was ordered to hasten from Charleston to the latter place, with all possible dispatch, with the troops under his command there, others drawn from Georgia and Florida, and such as he might gather in his passage through North Carolina. He instantly obeyed, and when General Kautz struck the Weldon road, as we have seen, he found these re-enforcements for Lee passing over it. A large portion of them were left south of that cutting, D. H. Hill, with 8,000 troops, had passed northward, and Beauregard, with 5,000, was south of Stony Creek Station. Besides the bridge and track, a large quantity of provisions and forage was destroyed at that place. but as K
Virginia (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
Chapter 12: operations against Richmond. Movements of the Army of the James, 317. seizure of City Point and its vicinity, 318. operations in Southeastern Virginia, 319. Confederate troops called from Charleston to the defense of Petersburg and Richmond, 320. events between Petersburg and Richmond, 321, 322. Union cn the opposite page, omitted by accident when that record was printed, will not only give the reader an idea of the entire region of stirring operations in Southeastern Virginia at that time, but may be usefully consulted when studying the great and decisive campaign we are now considering. and they made preparations accordingly. Butler's Address to the Soldiers qf the Army of the James, October 11, 1864. The movement was a complete surprise to the Confederates, Operations in South eastern Virginia. and produced great consternation at Richmond. In the mean time the armed vessels had been busy in keeping the river open, and they now engaged in the peri
Williamsburg (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
est Point, at the head of York River, to begin the construction of wharves, Confederate defenses between Hampton and Williamsburg. while cavalry made a demonstration in the direction of Richmond. He also sent the bulk of his army in that direction as far as the old lines of McClellan For an account of the operations of McClellan between Fortress Monroe and Williamsburg, see Chapters. XIV. and XV., volume II. The route from Hampton; the fortifications at Big Bethel, and in the vicinity of Yorktown and Williamsburg, are indicated in the little map on this page. at Yorktown and Gloucester Point; and so successful was the stratagem, that the Confederates were satisfied that Butler was about to move on Richmond in the pathway trodden byhe bridge there; while Colonel Robert M. West, with about eighteen hundred cavalry (mostly colored men), advanced from Williamsburg up the north bank of the James River, keeping parallel with the great flotilla of war vessels and transports on its bo
Fortress Monroe (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
force was about forty thousand men, and was composed chiefly of the Eighteenth Army Corps, commanded by General W. F. Smith, and the Tenth Army Corps, which had lately been ordered from South Carolina, led by General Gillmore, who arrived at Fortress Monroe on the 3d of May. Butler's first care was to mislead the Confederates concerning his intentions. For that purpose he first sent May 1. Henry's brigade of New York troops to West Point, at the head of York River, to begin the constructioeen Hampton and Williamsburg. while cavalry made a demonstration in the direction of Richmond. He also sent the bulk of his army in that direction as far as the old lines of McClellan For an account of the operations of McClellan between Fortress Monroe and Williamsburg, see Chapters. XIV. and XV., volume II. The route from Hampton; the fortifications at Big Bethel, and in the vicinity of Yorktown and Williamsburg, are indicated in the little map on this page. at Yorktown and Gloucester
Westover (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
mbarked at the head of the York, and sent back by water to Bermuda Hundred. Then the Army of the Potomac moved. Warren's corps, preceded by Wilson's cavalry,. forced the passage of the Chickahominy at Long Bridge with very little trouble, and made demonstrations in the direction of Richmond, to mask the real movements of the army. Hancock followed Warren across the stream, and marched directly to Wilcox's Wharf, on the James, below Harrison's Landing, between Charles City Court-House and Westover, See page 455, volume II. where he was ferried across. Wright and Burnside crossed the Chickahominy at Jones's. bridge, lower down; while the trains, for greater safety, took a route still further east, and crossed at Coles's Ferry. Lee discovered the withdrawal of his antagonist from his front on the morning of the 13th; but finding Warren across the Chickahominy, and on the road leading through White Oak Swamp to Richmond, he concluded that Grant was about to march by that route up
Trevilian (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
ral railway at Trevilian's Station, where he expected the co-operation of General Hunter. That leader, as we have seen, See page 815. was at Staunton, and Sheridan was left to deal, alone, with the gathering Confederates on the railway. At Trevilian's he encountered and routed some horsemen under Hampton, and then destroyed the road almost to Louisa Court-House, where he was attacked by a much larger force. After a contest, he was compelled to retrace his steps to Trevilian's, where he foTrevilian's, where he fought a sanguinary battle, and then withdrew. He swept around, by Spottsylvania Court-House and Guiney's Station, to White House, and rejoined Grant's army, having lost during his raid over seven hundred men, and captured nearly four hundred. He inflicted a loss of men upon the Confederates quite equal to his own. Among their killed was the active General Rosser. Grant continued moving slowly to the left, and keeping up the appearance of an intention to cross the Chickahominy and march on R
Gettysburg (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
urther attempts to take the Confederate lines by storm were abandoned for awhile. It was evident to the Lieutenant-General that the bulk of Lee's Army was behind them, and he prepared for a regular siege of them. He at once began intrenching, and to extend his left in the direction of the Petersburg and Weldon railway, which he desired to seize, and thus envelop Petersburg with his Army. The Corps of Hancock Hancock was now disabled by the breaking out afresh of his wound received at Gettysburg, and General Birney was in temporary command of the Second Corps. and Wright were moved June 21, 1864. stealthily to the left, for the purpose of turning the Confederate right; but when the former, moving in the advance, reached the Jerusalem plank road, between the Norfolk and Weldon railways, it was met by a Confederate force, and pushed back to a position where it connected with the Fifth Corps. On the following morning June 22. both Corps (Second and Sixth) advanced together, and we
Long Bridge (Louisiana, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
ne, 1864. when every thing was in readiness for the army to move to the James. White House was abandoned as a base of supplies; the rails and ties of the York River railway leading from it to Richmond were taken up and sent in barges to City Point, and the command of General Smith was re-embarked at the head of the York, and sent back by water to Bermuda Hundred. Then the Army of the Potomac moved. Warren's corps, preceded by Wilson's cavalry,. forced the passage of the Chickahominy at Long Bridge with very little trouble, and made demonstrations in the direction of Richmond, to mask the real movements of the army. Hancock followed Warren across the stream, and marched directly to Wilcox's Wharf, on the James, below Harrison's Landing, between Charles City Court-House and Westover, See page 455, volume II. where he was ferried across. Wright and Burnside crossed the Chickahominy at Jones's. bridge, lower down; while the trains, for greater safety, took a route still further ea
Chickahominy (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 12
lla of war vessels and transports on its bosom. This expedition, and the advance of the Army of the Potomac from the north, were grand movements preliminary to another dreadful struggle for the possession of Richmond in the vicinity of the Chickahominy River — a region made forever memorable by the seven days battles there, in the summer of 1862. The expedition moved so unexpectedly and rapidly up the river, that the Confederates could make no effective dispositions for opposing it. Portionstheir rifle-pits. Meanwhile, Wright had formed on the left of Hancock and Burnside on his right; while Lee strengthened his own right, now menaced by Warren. Grant was now satisfied that he would be compelled to force the passage of the Chickahominy River, and he was equally satisfied that it would be folly to make a direct attack upon Lee's front. So he planned a flank movement, and prepared to cross the Chickahominy on Lee's right, not far from Cool Arbor, See note 2, page 886, volume


WEAR YOUR VINTAGE GEAR! THE MORE NORDIC THE SWEATER THE BETTER! • When: Saturday, March 2, 2019 o 5k Race begins at 10:00 am with a $15 fee o 10 and under race at 11:00 am with no fee • Location: Antelope Butte Mountain Recreation Area • Registration: Sign up in person at the Sheridan Recreation District office at 1579 Thorne-Rider Park, call 307-674-6421, or sign up online. Medals will be awarded for top three finishers for each gender. Prizes to be raffled following the races. All proceeds go to Antelope Butte Nordic Ski Team. For questions, call 307-674-6421.
WEAR YOUR VINTAGE GEAR! THE MORE NORDIC THE SWEATER THE BETTER! • When: Saturday, March 2, 2019 o 5k Race begins at 10:00 am with a $15 fee o 10 and under race at 11:00 am with no fee • Location: Antelope Butte Mountain Recreation Area • Registration: Sign up in person at the Sheridan Recreation District office at 1579 Thorne- Rider Park, call 307-674-6421, or sign up online. Medals will be awarded for top three finishers for each gender. Prizes to be raffled following the races. All proceeds go to Antelope Butte Nordic Ski Team. For questions, call 307-674-6421.


Cover form with about a 1/4 of an inch of paper clay or Celluclay (I like to keep a bowl of water by me so that my hands can stay wet. I find that the clay doesn't stick to me as much like this).
With your wet fingers, carve out your jack-o-lantern's face features by pushing the clay off to the side or removing it completely.
If there are any lines or edges that need smoothing, wet your hands and softly smooth the clay out. When done, let dry in the sun (or in your oven on warm).
After spraying your pumpkin with a finish (like this. I like mine glossy because I think it looks nice) to keep it safe from the elements, drill two holes near the top on opposite edges for the wire. Then decide how long you want your wire chain (I buy my wire at Home Depot in a big roll for about $3) and cut a piece twice that length. Fold in half and twist all the way down.
Bend the sharp tip in towards itself so that it creates a loop and holds in place.
Tah-dah! All done! Now you are ready for your trick-or-treater to collect as much loot as they please on Halloween night! I hope this tutorial was helpful! Have a wonderful Halloween!
Came over via Southern Lovely.
Hi! Just found your site via Totally Tutorials, and I must say I am your newest follower and fan! Your site it AMAZING, you are so talented, and I just LOVE every single cotton-pickin' post! :) I'm so happy that you are sharing your creativity and awesome tutorials, thank you!
ps-Your babies are absolutely PRECIOUS!
I love these pumpkins! Thanks for sharing!
What a fun project! Thanks for linking up with us at Show & Share! Can't wait to see what you link up this week!
Wow you did a great job with these! Love it!
Absolutely love the vintage style of your paper mache pumpkins. Beautifully done!
My son and I tried to make paper mache pumpkins just like this and failed! They were too thin. Great link to the paper mache clay, that will help so much. Thanks!
These are just adorable!! They have a great vintage Halloween look!
Thanks for sharing your fun pumpkin project. I have been wondering what type and gauge of wire did you use for the pumpkin totes? What section/dept of Home Depot did you find the wire?


This knitting project bag will have a hard time staying as a project bag. Mine has already been elevated to purse statice. The Angora goat fleece is so soft and so much fun. The fabric used is a hemp, organic cotton blend. The hand straps are black bridle leather.


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Generally cloudy. High 29F. Winds WNW at 15 to 25 mph. Higher wind gusts possible..
Amy Brown, head of the Danville Noon Rotary selection committee for the Vocational Service Award, with recipient Mike Hulvey and fellow committee member Stephen Nacco.
Mike Hulvey, recipient of the Danville Noon Rotary Vocational Service Award.
The Rantoul Township High School cheerleading squad finished second in its division in Pontiac competition.
Middle front, Champaign County sheriff's deputies Zachary Johnson, Brian Plotner and Matthew Stuckey have graduated from the Police Training Institute.
The St. Joseph-Ogden constitution team at a post-dinner celebration at Crane Alley.
Constitution team members, from left, Stasia Connerty, Jonny Poulter, Angie Chahine, Ashlyn Lannert and Deanna Cummins at a dress rehearsal for the January state finals.
Danville Lions Club presented a $100 check to Mai Nguyen. Runners up were Jocelyn Wear and Evan Canfield.
Name Dropping | Danville's Hulvey 'blown away' by award
Dave Hinton
Our County Editor
Dave Hinton is editor of The News-Gazette's Our County section and former editor of the Rantoul Press. He can be reached at dhinton@news-gazette.com.
The sun must've been shining when Mike Hulvey entered the world. He's one of those people who seems to know how to make lemonade out of any lemon situation.
"I was born with it," Hulvey said of a naturally positive attitude. "My birthday was March 4th. It is the only command in the calendar. And my blood type is B-positive."
He said he tells people they have a choice of attitude and how they can help their community.
"It comes somewhat naturally," he said. "It doesn't mean you don't have bad days, but you need to find the good" in things.
"March forth and be positive" — Hulvey joked he will have it on his tombstone.
Attitude plus action have taken Hulvey a long way. On Monday, the chief operating office for Neuhoff Communications was recognized as the Danville Noon Rotary Vocational Service Award recipient — selected from among seven nominees. It's Rotary's highest award.
He also received the Paul Harris Fellow Award. The list of prior winners is an impressive one that includes astronaut Joe Tanner, Illinois Supreme Court Justice Rita Garman, world-renowned ophthalmologist David Dillman and industrial business owner and philanthropist Lou Mervis.
Hulvey said he was "blown away" by the news he had been selected.
"When you go from Lou Mervis to Judge Garman and Joe Tanner, that's among Vermilion County's Mt. Rushmore for sure," he said. "Just to be on the tour bus headed for the monument is a real honor for sure."
More than 70 Rotarians, plus members of Hulvey's family and friends, were on hand for the presentation.
Danville Mayor Rickey Williams Jr. credited Hulvey for his selfless service to the community.
State Rep. Mike Marron (R-Fithian) and State Sen. Scott Bennett (D-Champaign) issued proclamations praising Hulvey for his generous support of civic causes.
Hulvey credited his parents and Mervis for inspiring him in his career successes and in his championing the STEP Up Vermilion County initiative. He has also served as a community board member for Presence United Samaritans Medical Center, has served as co-director for the NJCAA men's national basketball tournament the past 26 years and teaches a sports broadcasting class during summers at Danville Area Community College.
Amy Brown, head of the award committee, said the club presents the award annually to a community member who epitomizes the Rotary ideal of service in demonstrating outstanding achievement in his or her profession.
"In selecting Mike Hulvey, the committee couldn't have selected a worthier recipient," Brown said.
Hulvey, who lives in Danville with his wife, Julie, said life is slowly returning to its prepandemic routine.
"Before the pandemic I was in the car a lot more to our various radio stations in Lafayette, Danville, Champaign, Bloomington, Decatur and Springfield."
He worked primarily from Danville during the pandemic and looks forward to getting out more.
"Honestly, I really enjoy meeting people and being engaged," he said. "I really enjoy central Illinois and west-central Indiana."
An employee of Neuhoff since 1992, Hulvey continues to lend his broadcast talents to a number of radio shows.
In his early days with the company, the Neuhoff family operated television stations in Idaho, which meant regular trips to that state for Hulvey.
"Driving to Springfield is a lot easier than flying to Idaho. It was beautiful country though," he said.
As chief operating officer, he said his job is to support the markets and radio stations.
"Whatever our team needs, I want to be there to support them," Hulvey said.
Neuhoff Communications reaches an audience of more than a million people in Illinois and Indiana. It has 20 radio stations as well as 16 music-and-entertainment websites.
Hulvey is also active in the broadcast industry, serving as the board chair of the national radio advertising bureau. Hulvey also serves on the boards of the national and state broadcasters associations.
In his downtime, Hulvey and his family root for the Indianapolis Colts. He has been a Colts season ticket-holder for more than 20 years.
"We've made Colts games a family experience for a long time," he said. "Our 7-year-old granddaughter went to her first game."
The Hulveys' two daughters live in Indianapolis, and their two sons live in Champaign-Urbana.
A native of Bloomington, Hulvey attended Danville High School.
Rantoul cheerleading earns a second
Rantoul Township High School's cheerleading squad came home with a second-place finish in the medium varsity division Dec. 4 in competition at Pontiac.
"We worked through nerves, made last-minute switches and gave it our all," head coach Liz Dietz said.
"Bringing home a trophy feels great, but the experience and memories will last forever. We're building a legacy and sure are proud to be Eagles."
Members of the squad are David Gutierrez, Janya Holmes, Titina Rodriguz, Nylashae Shedd-Johnson, Hannah Benton, Marin Leng, Taylor Mennenga, Danica Wrobel, Tyler Young, Siera Chipman, Chloe Clements, Kennedy Hedrick, Katelyn Graham, Adrianna Cobb and TeShyah Spinks. Assistant coach is Laura Fondia.
Three with sheriff's office complete PTI
The ranks of the Champaign County Sheriff's Office is increasing by three deputies.
Deputies Zachary Johnson, Brian Plotner and Matthew Stuckey have graduated from the 14-week Police Training Institute.
The new hires will now ride with a field training officer for six months.
Fifty-four people comprise the sheriff's office staff.
SJ-O team training for first in state
Members of the St. Joseph-Ogden High School constitution team are dreaming of a first-place finish in state competition.
The team prepared for the Jan. 6 event with a dress rehearsal at the Champaign County Courthouse that included several area court judges.
"I greatly appreciate their service and dedication to civic education as they engage in conversations about constitutional principles with my students," instructor Marshall Schacht said.
He said he feels the dress rehearsal gave the students a feel for the event and the competition in Chicago. SJ-O is participating in the Illinois State Finals for the sixth time "and hope to finally break through after five straight second-place finishes," Schacht said.
In four of those years, the team advanced to the national finals as the Illinois wild card entry.
"After last year's virtual competitions, we loved being in person again," Schacht said. "We are hopeful that we have the opportunity to return to D.C. in April."
Danville Lions Club honors young artists
Young artists at Schlarman Academy's south campus were honored by the Danville Lions Club Dec. 14.
A $100 check was presented to Mai Nguyen, 11, a fifth-grader, as the local winner of the club's peace poster contest.
Her poster showed wildlife, fish, plants, butterflies and other creatures living in harmony.
Also recognized were runners up Jocelyn Wear and Evan Canfield, both 11.
Students ages 11-13 were asked to create a poster via drawing or painting to express their feelings about the importance of peace, tolerance and international understanding. This year's theme was "We are all connected."
Several Danville schools, as well as the Boys & Girl Club and Danville Art League, were invited to participate. Honorable mention went to Simone Modest, a sixth-grader who attends the Boys & Girls Club.
Kim initiated into honor society
Champaign native Gina Kim was recently initiated into the Grove City College Circle of Omicron Delta Kappa, the national leadership honor society.
The society welcomed more than 1,100 new initiates from 41 universities in November.
Students initiated must be sophomores, juniors, seniors or graduate/professional students in the top 35 percent of their class, demonstrate leadership experience in at least one of the five pillars and embrace the ODK ideals. Fewer than 5 percent of students on a campus are invited to join annually. Omicron Delta Kapp Society was founded Dec. 3, 1914 in Lexington, Va.
St. Thomas More student takes act on road
Abigail Deptula, a high school student at St. Thomas More in Champaign, was one of more than 600 high school cheerleaders and dancers from across the country who represented the camp brands of Varsity Spirit in the Varsity Spirit Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade in Honolulu Dec. 4-8.
Deptula performed with the Varsity Spirit All-Americans in an exclusive performance prior to the opening ceremony of the parade and then was part of the parade before thousands of fans lining the streets of Waikiki Beach. The trip marked the 80th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941.
Deptula said she was honored to be selected "and for the opportunity to honor our nation's military, specifically those who were a part of the history of Pearl Harbor. ... As I stood looking out at Pearl Harbor, I felt as though I was carrying with me the memory of my own family who served in the various branches of the military during World War II."
She said she couldn't wait to see the Pacific Ocean.
Dave Hinton is editor of The News-Gazette's 'Our County' section. He can be reached at dhinton@news-gazette.com or 217-249-2404.
Name Dropping | Champaign native a Grammy-nominated performer
Champaign native Christopher Otto and the other members of the JACK Quartet, which he co-founded, will learn next month whether they can add a Grammy Award to their list of accolades.
Suspected drone attack in Abu Dhabi kills 3, wounds 6
N. Korea fires short-range missiles in 4th launch this month


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Speerwurf ist eine Disziplin der Leichtathletik, bei der ein Speer nach einem Anlauf möglichst weit zu werfen ist. Dafür stehen im Wettkampf sechs Versuche zur Verfügung.

Die besten Speerwerfer erreichen bei den Männern über 90 m (Weltrekord: 98,48 m), bei den Frauen etwa 70 m (Weltrekord: 72,28 m). In den 1980er Jahren waren andere Speere üblich als in der Gegenwart, mit denen sich weitaus höhere Weiten erzielen ließen (Weltrekorde: 104,80 m bei den Männern, 80,00 m bei den Frauen). Aus Sicherheitsgründen wurden jedoch 1986 (bei den Männern) und 1999 (bei den Frauen) die Normen für die Beschaffenheit der Speere verändert (Verlagerung des Schwerpunktes), sodass diese weniger weit flogen.

Der Speerwurf war schon Bestandteil der Olympischen Spiele der Antike und kam in der Neuzeit erstmals 1906 als "Freistil-Speerwurf" ins Programm der Olympischen Zwischenspiele. Der heute übliche Speerwurf ist seit 1908 Bestandteil der Olympischen Spiele für Männer und seit 1932 für Frauen. Zusätzlich wurde bei den Olympischen Spielen 1912 beidhändiger Speerwurf ausgetragen.

Geschichte

Der Speer ist die älteste Jagdwaffe der Menschheit. Wann zum ersten Mal eine bearbeitete Steinspitze an einem zur Jagd benutzten Stock befestigt wurde, verliert sich ebenso im Dunkel der Urgeschichte wie die erste Gelegenheit, bei der dieses Werkzeug auch zum sportlichen Kräftemessen verwendet wurde. Die ältesten vollständig erhaltenen Funde sind die Schöninger Speere aus dem Paläolithikum, deren Alter auf 270.000 bis 400.000 Jahre geschätzt wird.

Nach der griechischen Mythologie war bereits Herakles ein ausgezeichneter Speerwerfer. Der verzauberte, von Zwergen geschmiedete Speer des nordischen Gottes Odin heißt Gungnir. Bei den Olympischen Spielen der Antike 708 v. Chr. soll es erstmals als Disziplin des Fünfkampfs auf dem olympischen Programm gestanden haben. Der Speer wurde allerdings in den Teildisziplinen Weit- und Zielwurf mit Hilfe einer Schleuder, der sogenannten Ankyle, geworfen. Das war eine Schnur, die mehrmals um den Speer gewunden und am Ende zu einer Schlinge gebunden wurde, in die der Werfer zwei Finger einführte. Beim Wurf wickelte sie sich ab und gab dem Speer einen Drall und somit eine ruhigere Luftfahrt. Tatsächlich haben moderne Versuche ergeben, dass ungeübte Speerwerfer mit dieser Technik größere Weiten erzielen können als ohne Wurfschlinge.

Im 18. Jahrhundert erfreute es sich in Skandinavien wieder großer Beliebtheit. Besonders für die Finnen wurde der Speer und damit der Speerwurf zum nationalen Symbol der Unabhängigkeit.

In seiner bis heute nahezu unveränderten Form (dem Weitwurf) kehrte der Speerwurf 1906 in Athen (Männer) bzw. 1932 in Los Angeles (Frauen) ins olympische Programm zurück.

In Deutschland wurde der Speerwurf erst bekannt, nachdem es der Erfinder der modernen Speerwurftechnik, Eric Lemming im Mai 1906 beim Schwedenmeeting des SC Komet vorführte. Den ersten deutschen Rekord stellte im gleichen Jahr der Berliner Ernst Mallwitz mit 37,70 m auf (Weltbestleistung zu dieser Zeit: Eric Lemming aus Schweden, 53,90 m).

Dominierten bei den Herren lange Zeit skandinavische Werfer die Wettkämpfe, war das Bild bei den Damen weniger homogen. Seit den 1970er und 1980er Jahren schoben sich immer öfter Athleten aus dem Ostblock an die Weltspitze. Wie in allen olympischen Sportarten waren dabei Sportler aus der DDR überproportional vertreten. Bei einem hochklassig besetzten internationalen Sportfest 1984 in Berlin übertraf Uwe Hohn aus Potsdam mit 104,80 m erstmals die 100-Meter-Marke so deutlich, dass die IAAF das Reglement änderte und den Schwerpunkt des Speers verlagerte. Die damit verbundene Verkürzung der Weiten war aus Sicherheitsgründen notwendig geworden – die Stadien wurden zu klein. Hohns Speer blieb nicht weit entfernt von den parallel durchgeführten Sprungwettbewerben und der Laufbahn stecken. 1988 stellte Petra Felke aus Jena mit exakt 80,00 m ebenfalls einen ewigen Weltrekord auf. 1999 verordnete die IAAF auch den Damen einen veränderten Speer.

Bedeutende Athleten und Weiterentwicklung

Männer
 Mauritz Mexmontan (FIN) warf mit 30,58 m den ersten registrierten Rekord der Neuzeit. Allerdings war der Speer leichter als 750 g.
 Eric Lemming (SWE) stellte 1899 mit 49,32 m den ersten offiziellen Rekord auf und dominierte ca. 15 Jahre die Entwicklung. Seine 62,32 m von 1912 hatten bis 1919 Bestand.
 Franklin Held (USA) sorgte mit seinem Aluminium-Hohlspeer in den 1950er Jahren für Rekordweiten in Serie – und für technische Reglementierungen. 1953 warf er mit 80,41 m als Erster über 80-Meter-Marke weit.
 Mit 91,72 m durchbrach der Norweger Terje Pedersen 1964 die 90-Meter-Marke.

Doch so greifbar die 100-Meter-Marke auch zu sein schien – erst ab den 1970er Jahren tasteten sich die weltbesten Werfer mit Standardweiten deutlich über 90 m langsam an sie heran. 1973 warf der Deutsche Klaus Wolfermann 94,08 m.
Sportler wie der Finne Seppo Räty, Steve Backley (GBR), Jan Železný (damals noch TCH) wetteiferten in den 80ern mit den Deutschen Klaus Tafelmeier (BRD), Uwe Hohn und Detlef Michel (DDR) um die besten Weiten. Letzterer wurde 1983 mit "nur" 89,48 m Weltmeister.

 Uwe Hohn schockierte schließlich 1984 die Konkurrenz. Fassungslos starrten Zuschauer und Offizielle beim Olympischen Tag in Berlin auf die Anzeigetafel, die 04,80 m zeigte – sie war nur für zweistellige Weiten konzipiert. Die Funktionäre beschlossen danach eine Verlagerung des Speerschwerpunkts nach vorn. Die neue Regelung trat 1986 in Kraft.
 Klaus Tafelmeier (BRD) erzielte im September 1986 den ersten Weltrekord mit dem neuen Gerät: 85,74 m, konnte sich aber nur wenige Monate lang darüber freuen.
 Mit 87,66 m stellte Jan Železný im Mai 1987 einen neuen Rekord mit den neuen Speeren auf. Der Tscheche – mit je drei Olympiasiegen und WM-Titeln erfolgreichster Speerwerfer der Geschichte – schraubte die Rekordmarke bis 1996 kontinuierlich auf den noch heute gültigen Wert von 98,48 m. Ihm immer auf den Fersen blieben bis Ende der 1990er die Altmeister Räty und Backley.

Frauen
 Der erste überlieferte Rekord bei den Frauen stammt von der Tschechin Božena Šrámková aus dem Jahr 1922. Sie beförderte das 600 g leichte Gerät auf eine Weite von 25,01 m.
 1928 warf Guschi Hargus 38,39 m, im Vorjahr verbesserte sie bereits als 18-Jährige bei den internationalen Frauenwettkämpfen in Berlin die von der Polin Lonta aufgestellte Weltbestleistung im Speerwurf und wurde die jüngste Weltrekordlerin, und begründete eine lange Tradition erfolgreicher deutscher Werferinnen, Ihr folgten u. a. Ellen Braumüller, die 1930 als erste über 40-Meter-Marke schaffte (40,27 m) und Annelie Steinheuer (47,24 m).
 Die nächsten beiden Jahrzehnte nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erlebten eine erdrückende Dominanz sowjetischer Athletinnen. Natalja Smirnizkaja übertraf 1949 Steinheuers Rekord von 1942 um mehr als 6 m und eroberte deutlich die 50-Meter-Marke: 53,41 m.
 In den Folgejahren trieben fast ausschließlich sowjetische Werferinnen den Rekord Richtung 60 m. Mit 62,40 m war es schließlich Jelena Gortschakowa, die 1964 diese Marke durchbrach.
 Ruth Fuchs aus der DDR führte in den 1970er die deutsche Tradition fort und bestimmte rund ein Jahrzehnt lang die Weltspitze mit. Zweimal hintereinander verbesserte sie den Weltrekord. Dazwischen lagen acht Jahre. Trotzdem war es ihr nicht vergönnt, die nächste Schallmauer zu durchbrechen. Mit 69,96 m im Jahr 1980 verfehlte sie diese um ganze 4 cm. Noch im gleichen Jahr warf Tatjana Birjulina den Speer auf 70,08 m und verbuchte wieder einmal einen historischen Rekord für die Sowjetunion.
 Doch schon stand Fuchs' würdige Nachfolgerin für die DDR am Start. Der Kampf zwischen Petra Felke und der Finnin Tiina Lillak um die Weltspitze bestimmte die 1980er Jahre. Die Britin Fatima Whitbread, Weltmeisterin von 1987, griff ebenfalls ein. Felke nahm mit 75,40 m 1985 mit einem gewaltigen 5-Meter-Schritt auf Birjulinas Marke zunächst die Zwischenhürde, nahm 1987 mit 78,90 m Maß und setzte mit passgenauen 80,00 m 1988 einen Wert, der bisher nie wieder erreicht wurde. Mit dem Olympiasieg von 1988 krönte sie ihre Karriere (Weite: 74,68 m).
 Seit den 1990er Jahren führte an der Norwegerin Trine Hattestad kein Weg vorbei. Die Weltmeisterin von 1993 und 1997 musste 1996 trotzdem der Finnin Heli Rantanen den Olympiasieg überlassen und sich mit Bronze begnügen. Die Deutschen Silke Renk und Karen Forkel traten zunächst die Nachfolge von Petra Felke an und gewannen neben anderen internationalen Medaillen bei den Olympischen Spielen 1992 Gold bzw. Bronze, konnten aber auf Dauer ebenso wenig mit der überragenden Norwegerin mithalten wie später Steffi Nerius und Tanja Damaske.
 1999 verordnete der Internationale Leichtathletikverband auch den Frauen einen veränderten Speer und rückte damit Felkes Rekord in nahezu unerreichbare Ferne. Die Doppelweltmeisterin Osleidys Menéndez (Kuba) bestimmte seit ihrem Weltrekord von 71,54 m im Jahr 2001 bis 2005 die Szene, als sie diesen bei den Weltmeisterschaften auf 71,70 m verbessern konnte. Nach ihren Europarekorden 2005 und 2007 schien die Deutsche Christina Obergföll die nächste dominante Werferin werden zu können, wurde allerdings schon bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2007 von der Tschechin Barbora Špotáková geschlagen, die 2008 nicht nur den Olympiasieg schaffte, sondern sich zunächst den Europarekord mit 71,42 m und schließlich auch den Weltrekord mit 72,28 m holte.

Weitere Weltrekordentwicklung
Nach dem Rekordwurf von Uwe Hohn wurde der Speer verändert, um die schnell wachsenden Weiten zu reduzieren, die aufgrund neuer Materialien und verbesserter Flugeigenschaften eintraten. Die Änderungen waren umstritten, da sie die Vergleichbarkeit der Rekordentwicklung unmöglich machen und zumindest bei den Männern nach wenigen Jahren bereits wieder Weiten in den gleichen Größenordnungen erreicht wurden.

Im Jahr 1992 warf der Brite Steve Backley mit dem "neuen" Speer wieder über 91 m. Der tschechische Ausnahmeathlet Jan Železný, der schon zu Hohns Zeiten zur Weltspitze zählte, verbesserte den Weltrekord seit 1993 in Serie bis zum noch immer aktuellen Rekord von 98,48 m im Jahr 1996. Bei den Frauen haben fünf Athletinnen mit dem neuen Gerät weiter als 70 m geworfen, die erste war die Kubanerin Osleidys Menéndez 2001 mit 71,54 m, danach Christina Obergföll, die aktuelle Weltrekordlerin Barbora Špotáková mit 72,28 m, die Russin Marija Abakumowa und die Polin Maria Andrejczyk.

Technik und Regelwerk

Der Speerwurf ist eine der technisch anspruchsvollsten Disziplinen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Wurfdisziplinen ist ein kurzer Anlauf gestattet, aus dem heraus die Phasen des Schwungholens und Abwurfs miteinander synchronisiert werden.

Der Speer ist ein schlanker, sich nach beiden Enden verjüngender Stab aus Holz, Metall, Carbon oder Kombinationen daraus. Bei den Herren ist der Speer 260 bis 270 cm lang und wiegt 800 g, bei den Damen ist er 220 bis 230 cm lang und wiegt 600 g. Alle Speere haben eine 25 bis 30 cm lange Metallspitze. In der Mitte, an der Griffstelle, befindet sich eine textile Umwicklung, einschließlich derer der Durchmesser nicht mehr als 3 cm bei den Herren und 2,5 cm bei den Damen beträgt. Die im Jugend- und Seniorenbereich verwendeten Speere sind leichter und dementsprechend auch kürzer.

Der Wurfbereich ist ein Kreissektor mit 29° Öffnungswinkel und einer Länge von 95 m. Er wird an der Abwurfstelle durch einen 4 m langen bogenförmigen Abwurfbalken begrenzt, der vom Werfer nicht berührt oder überschritten werden darf. Der Anlauf darf für einen gültigen Wurf erst verlassen werden, wenn der Speer den Boden im Sektor berührt hat.

Der Speer muss laut Reglement in der Mitte gefasst werden und die Spitze muss beim Abwurf in Wurfrichtung zeigen. Dass dies nicht selbstverständlich ist, zeigte in den 1950er Jahren der Spanier Félix Erausquin mit einer Drehtechnik, die Weiten bis zu 100 m ermöglichte. Er muss mit dem Kopf zuerst und innerhalb des Sektors auftreffen, braucht aber nicht stecken zu bleiben. Gemessen wird von der Stelle des ersten Abdrucks bis zur Innenkante des Balkens.

Alle Werfer absolvieren im Wettkampf zunächst drei Würfe. Die acht Besten haben drei weitere Versuche und ermitteln die vorderen Plätze unter sich.

Griffarten
Es gibt mehrere Griffarten. Als Gemeinsamkeit haben diese leicht verschiedenen Griffarten, dass zwei Finger den Griff am hinteren Ende umschließen und für den Kontakt während des Wurfes sorgen. Die am häufigsten angewandte Griffart ist der Daumen-Zeigefinger-Griff. Hier liegen der Daumen und der Zeigefinger hinter der textilen Wicklung des Speers. Alle anderen Finger liegen auf der Bindung. Zum Zeitpunkt des Wurfes kann es durch die Verwendung dieser Griffart leichter zu einem seitlichen Ausweichen des Speers kommen. Weitere Griffarten sind der Daumen-Mittelfinger-Griff und der Zangengriff. Im Gegensatz zum Daumen-Zeigefinger-Griff wird hier die Wicklung des Speeres mit dem Daumen und Mittelfinger hintergriffen. Der Zeigefinger stabilisiert den Speer, indem dieser leicht gestreckt unterhalb der Wicklung anliegt. Beim Zangengriff bilden der Zeige- und Mittelfinger die Kontaktstelle zum Griff. Hier dient der Daumen zur Stabilisierung seitlich auf dem Griff.

Um den Kontakt zwischen Fingern und Wicklung zu verbessern, ist die Nutzung von Harz oder Magnesia erlaubt.

Am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts gab es neben dem gewöhnlichen ein Freistil-Speerwerfen, bei dem das Greifen des Speeres in der Mitte nicht obligatorisch war und ein Greifen am Ende des Speers zu teilweise größeren Weiten führte. Freistil-Speerwurf war 1908 bei den Olympischen Spielen eine eigene Disziplin, 1906 bei den Olympischen Zwischenspielen gar die einzige Disziplin.

Am Ende des 19. und Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde bei Wettbewerben ein beidhändiges Werfen verlangt, wobei der Speer jeweils sowohl mit dem stärkeren als auch mit dem schwächeren Arm geworfen wurde und die besten Ergebnisse der Würfe beider Arme zusammengerechnet wurden. 1912 war beidhändiges Speerwerfen eine eigene Disziplin bei den Olympischen Spielen.

Anlauf und Speerrücknahme
Der Anlauf ist ein Steigerungslauf. Um die Wurfauslage vorzubereiten, wird die Speerposition während des Anlaufs verändert; zunächst wird der Speer locker oberhalb des Kopfes getragen. Dann wird der Speer vor den letzten fünf Schritten nach oben-hinten geführt, um eine möglichst große Verwringung des Körpers zu erzielen.

Diesen Vorgang (i. d. R. über zwei bis vier Schritte) bezeichnet man als Speerrücknahme. Hier gibt es zwei übliche Verfahren: die finnische (bogenförmig von oben-vorne über unten nach oben-hinten) und die schwedische Rücknahme (geradlinige Zurückführung neben dem Kopf).

Die letzten drei Schritte (Impulsschritt und Stemmschritt – links–rechts–links beim Rechtswerfer) sind dabei sehr bedeutend und bilden die Grundlage für gute Bogenspannung und kraftvollen Abwurf.

Physik des Speerwurfs
Die Flugbahn und damit die Wurfweite eines Speeres beim Speerwerfen nach dem Loslassen beschreibt die klassische Physik. Dabei spielen hauptsächlich drei Effekte eine Rolle:
Schwerkraft
Unter Vernachlässigung des Luftwiderstandes beschreibt der Speer eine Parabel als Flugbahn mit maximaler Weite bei einem Abschusswinkel von genau 45°. Da sich der Abwurfpunkt etwas höher befindet (Schwerpunkt ca. 220 cm, Hand beim Loslassen) als der Auftreffpunkt (Schwerpunkt ca. 100 cm), stellt sich bei gegebener Abwurfgeschwindigkeit die maximal mögliche Wurfweite bei einem Wurfwinkel von knapp unter 45° ein. Den gleichen Effekt erzeugt der Luftwiderstand. Er verschiebt den optimalen Abwurfwinkel auf unter 45°.
Luftwiderstand
Der Luftwiderstand bremst den Speer und reduziert die Flugweite. Der Effekt ist bei Höhenwettkämpfen und bei sommerlichen Temperaturen geringer ausgeprägt, da er von der Dichte der Luft abhängig ist.

Dynamischer Auftrieb
Aufgrund seiner Form wirkt auf den Speer eine durch die Luftströmung verursachte Auftriebs- oder Abtriebskraft (ähnlich der eines Flugzeugflügels). Diese Auftriebskraft setzt am Formschwerpunkt an, der früher mit dem geometrischen Mittelpunkt (also dem Halbierungspunkt des Speers) übereinstimmte. Die Größe der Kraft ist abhängig vom Anstellwinkel (Winkel zwischen Speerachse und Flugrichtung) des Speers, ein steil nach oben zeigender Speer erfährt einen großen Auftrieb, ein in Flugrichtung zeigender keinen Auftrieb und ein nach unten zeigender Speer eine Abtriebskraft.

Bei der Änderung der Regularien in den Jahren 1986/1999 wurde bei den neuen Speeren der Massenschwerpunkt etwa 2 cm vor den Mittelpunkt des Speeres gelegt. Dadurch drückt der Auftrieb die Speerspitze nach unten und reduziert dadurch den Auftrieb im weiteren Fluge des Speers.

Die Physik und Physiologie des Menschen vor dem Abwurf zum Erreichen einer hohen Abfluggeschwindigkeit ist ein komplexes Thema und wird hier nicht behandelt.

Statistik

Medaillengewinner der Olympischen Spiele

Männer

Freistil-Speerwurf, Männer (1906, 1908)

Beidhändiger Speerwurf, Männer (1912)

Frauen

Medaillengewinner der Weltmeisterschaften

Männer

Frauen

Siehe auch
 Medaillengewinner bei Olympischen Spielen
 Medaillengewinner bei Weltmeisterschaften
 Medaillengewinnerinnen bei Olympischen Spielen
 Medaillengewinnerinnen bei Weltmeisterschaften

Weltrekordentwicklung

Männer

Frauen
* : Von der Frauensportorganisation FSFI anerkannter Weltrekord, vor der Registrierung von Frauen-Weltrekorden durch die Internationale Leichtathletik-Föderation IAAF

Weltbestenliste

Männer
Alle Speerwerfer mit einer Weite von 87,60 m oder weiter.
Die Liste umfasst nur Würfe mit dem seit 1986 vorgeschriebenen "neuen" Wettkampfspeer.

Letzte Änderungen: 9. September 2022
 98,48 m , Jena, 25. Mai 1996
 97,76 m , Chorzów, 6. September 2020 (Deutscher Rekord)
 93,90 m , Doha, 5. Mai 2017
 93,09 m , Kuortane, 26. Juni 1999
 93,07 m , Doha, 13. Mai 2022
 92,72 m , Peking, 26. August 2015
 92,61 m , Sheffield, 30. Juni 2002
 92,60 m , Oslo, 21. Juli 1995
 92,06 m , Offenburg, 2. Juni 2018
 91,69 m , Kuortane, 24. Juni 2000
 91,59 m , Oslo, 2. Juni 2006
 91,53 m , Kuortane, 26. Juni 2005
 91,46 m , Auckland, 25. Januar 1992
 91,36 m , Taipeh, 26. August 2017
 91,29 m , Indianapolis, 21. Juni 2007
 90,88 m , Doha, 13. Mai 2022
 90,73 m , Tallinn, 23. Juli 2007
 90,61 m , Kuortane, 22. Juni 2019
 90,60 m , Nurmijärvi, 20. Juli 1992
 90,44 m , Linz, 9. Juli 1997
 90,18 m , Birmingham, 7. August 2022
 90,16 m , Lausanne, 9. Juli 2015
 89,94 m , Stockholm, 30. Juni 2022
 89,83 m , Turku, 14. Juni 2022
 89,55 m , Turku, 8. Juni 2021
 89,54 m , Hengelo, 6. Juni 2022
 89,21 m , Shanghai, 18. Mai 2014
 89,17 m , Palanga, 27. Juli 2019
 89,16 m , Potchefstroom, 1. März 1991
 89,15 m , Incheon, 2. Oktober 2014
 89,10 m , Austin, 24. März 1990
 89,06 m , Offenburg, 26. Mai 2019
 89,02 m , Brisbane, 29. Februar 2008
 88,98 m , Pori, 2. August 2015
 88,90 m , Tula, 7. Juni 2003
 88,84 m , Moskau, 24. Juli 2013
 88,75 m , Kuala Lumpur, 21. September 1998
 88,70 m , Stuttgart, 30. Juni 2001
 88,36 m , Brüssel, 16. September 2011
 88,34 m , London, 8. August 2012
 88,32 m , London, 12. August 2017
 88,24 m , Soini, 27. Juli 1997
 88,22 m , Kuortane, 20. Juni 1992
 88,20 m , Oslo, 5. Juli 1996
 88,01 m , Austin, 1. April 2017
 88,00 m , Togliatti, 14. Mai 1995
 87,83 m , Valga, 19. August 2003
 87,82 m , Kuortane, 24. Juni 1995
 87,70 m , East Stroudsburg, 9. Juli 2022
 87,60 m , San José, 27. Mai 1989

 Österreichischer Rekord: Gregor Högler – 84,03 m am 17. Juli 1999 in Kapfenberg
 Schweizer Rekord: Stefan Müller – 82,07 m am 16. September 2006 in Bern

Frauen
Alle Werferinnen mit einer Leistung von 64,68 m oder weiter.
Die Liste enthält nur Würfe mit dem seit 1999 vorgeschriebenen Wettkampfspeer.

Letzte Änderungen: 3. September 2022
 72,28 m , Stuttgart, 13. September 2008
 71,70 m , Helsinki, 14. August 2005
 71,40 m , Split, 9. Mai 2021
 70,53 m , Berlin, 1. September 2013
 70,20 m , München, 23. Juni 2007 (Deutscher Rekord)
 69,48 m , Oslo, 28. Juli 2000
 69,35 m , New York, 9. Juni 2012
 69,19 m , Chorzów, 30. Mai 2021
 68,92 m , Gold Coast, 11. April 2018
 68,43 m , Lausanne, 6. Juli 2017
 68,34 m , Elstal, 31. August 2008
 68,11 m , Brüssel, 2. September 2022
 67,98 m , Shenyang, 2. August 2019
 67,70 m , Luzern, 9. Juli 2019
 67,69 m , Peking, 30. August 2015
 67,67 m , Salamanca, 6. Juli 2005
 67,51 m , Sydney, 30. September 2000
 67,47 m , Oslo, 7. Juni 2018
 67,40 m , Offenburg, 26. Mai 2019
 67,40 m , East Stroudsburg, 17. Juli 2021
 67,32 m , New York City, 14. Juni 2014
 67,30 m , Adler, 19. Februar 2016
 67,29 m , Kirowohrad, 26. Juli 2014
 67,29 m , Shaoxing, 15. September 2020
 67,21 m , Baku, 18. Mai 2017
 67,20 m , Monaco, 18. August 2000
 67,16 m , Doha, 14. Mai 2010
 66,91 m , Erfurt, 4. Juli 1999
 66,83 m , Melbourne, 22. März 2014
 66,80 m , Runaway Bay, 5. August 2000
 66,53 m , Białogard, 5. Mai 2018
 66,25 m , London, 8. August 2017
 66,18 m , Brüssel, 9. September 2016
 66,17 m , London, 14. Juli 2012
 66,00 m , Kitakyūshū, 27. Oktober 2019
 65,91 m , Linz, 2. August 2004
 65,81 m , München, 20. August 2022
 65,47 m , Incheon, 1. Oktober 2014
 65,30 m , Ljubljana, 10. Juni 2000
 65,29 m , Santiago de Cuba, 17. März 2001
 65,17 m , Erfurt, 4. Juli 1999
 65,08 m , Bukarest, 10. Juni 2001
 64,98 m , Xi'an, 28. April 2021
 64,90 m , Helsinki, 10. August 2003
 64,89 m , Oslo, 28. Juli 2000
 64,87 m , Birmingham, 14. Juli 2002
 64,87 m , Shanghai, 18. Mai 2019
 64,83 m , Stuttgart, 9. September 2006
 64,83 m , Kawasaki, 10. Mai 2015
 64,75 m , Kawasaki, 10. Mai 2015
 64,68 m , Eisenstadt, 26. April 2021 (österreichischer Rekord)

 Schweizer Rekord: Géraldine Ruckstuhl – 58,31 m am 28. Mai 2017 in Götzis

Siehe auch
 Liste der olympischen Mannschaftskürzel

Weblinks

Quellen
 Javelin Throw All Time – Ewige Weltbestenliste World Athletics, Speerwurf Männer
 Javelin Throw All Time – Ewige Weltbestenliste World Athletics, Speerwurf Frauen
 Progression of World best performances and official IAAF World Records. 2003 Edition. Monaco 2003, S. 201 ff. und 330 ff. (englisch)

Leichtathletikdisziplin
Wurfsportart


Join local educator Anna Karsten as she shares what she learned at Project Atmosphere, an American Meteorological Society-sponsored program for teachers to help them understand how weather and the atmosphere works and to educate their students and community. Through this experience Anna received a behind-the-scenes look at how weather is observed, forecasted, and communicated.
This event takes place on Tuesday, April 16, at 6:30 p.m. at the Lake City Public Library.


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Q: How to recieve WebContent events from static page on Electron Hello so i am new with Electron and trying to capture event from my index.js into my index.html, but i cannot make it to work.
My index.js code is below

const electron = require('electron')
const { app, BrowserWindow, Menu, ipcMain, Tray, dialog, shell }  = electron

app.on('ready', () => {
  let win = new BrowserWindow({
    minWidth: 750, minHeight: 250, width: 820, height: 550,
    icon: __dirname + '/favicon.ico', maximizable: true, resizable: true,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: false,
    }
  })
  win.setMenu(null);
  win.loadURL(`file://${__dirname}/index.html`)

  var rows = { FirstName: 'John Doe' }
  result.then(function(rows) {
    win.webContents.send("resultSent", rows);
    console.log(rows);
  });

While on my index.html is
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Customer Management System</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css">

Home

But when i open the electron devTool is returns below error
Uncaught ReferenceError: require is not defined

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