text:
Small CCD camera and parameter setting controller
A small CCD camera includes an imaging parameter setting terminal that can be connected to an external imaging parameter controller via a cable, thereby allowing the imaging parameters of the small CCD camera to be set and/or modified remotely using the external imaging parameter controller. Because the small CCD camera does not include a parameter controller, which typically includes a number of control buttons and a display, the size of the CCD camera may be minimized.
Igarashi, Shigehisa (Yamagata-ken, JP)
Watec Co. Ltd.
348/E5.024
H04N5/76; H04N5/225; H04N5/232
20060182275 Method for inserting synchronization markers into a video stream, compatible with a block cipher August, 2006 Nicolai
20060170880 Brightness and colour control of a projection appliance August, 2006 Dambach et al.
20090109342 Method and System for Hierarchically Layered Adaptive Median Motion Vector Smoothing April, 2009 Heng et al.
20040071211 Video production system with mixed frame removal April, 2004 Washino
20070263866 MULTIPLE STREAM DECRYPTING AND DECODING SYSTEMS AND RELATED METHODS THEREOF November, 2007 Yeh
20060023285 Pixel differential polygon scanning projector February, 2006 Lai
20080211955 Camera Modules With Lens Drive Device September, 2008 Avital et al.
20070192741 Imaging device and user interface August, 2007 Yoritate et al.
20080303900 Miniature Low Cost Pan/Tilt Magnetic Actuation For Portable And Stationary Video Cameras December, 2008 Stowe et al.
20090262199 NOTEBOOK INFORMATION PROCESSOR AND PROJECTIVE TRANSFORMATION PARAMETER CALCULATING METHOD October, 2009 Miyamoto et al.
20080192118 Three-Dimensional Surveillance Toolkit August, 2008 Rimbold et al.
GILES, NICHOLAS G
William III, Paradice L. (2686 MCALLISTER STREET, SUITE 1, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, 94118, US)
1. A small CCD camera, comprising: a memory for storing one or more imaging parameters; and a parameter setting terminal coupled to the memory and adapted to be coupled to an external parameter controller, wherein the small CCD camera is configured to receive the imaging parameters from the external parameter controller.
2. The camera of claim 1, wherein the camera does not include circuitry for generating or modifying the imaging parameters.
3. The camera of claim 1, wherein the parameter setting terminal of the camera is coupled to the external parameter controller via a detachable cable.
4. The camera of claim 1, wherein the external parameter controller is configured to generate the imaging parameters.
5. The camera of claim 1, wherein the external parameter controller is disconnected from the camera when the camera is used for capturing images.
6. The camera of claim 1, wherein the memory comprises a non-volatile memory.
7. The camera of claim 1, further comprising: a power supply and video output terminal for providing power to the camera and for outputting a video signal from the camera, wherein the power supply and video output terminal are separate from the parameter setting terminal.
8. The camera of claim 1, further comprising: a write-read unit coupled to the memory and to the parameter setting terminal, the write-read unit configured to write the imaging parameters received from the external parameter controller to the memory, and configured to read the imaging parameters from the memory for output to the external parameter controller via the parameter setting terminal.
9. A camera system, comprising: a small CCD camera having a memory for storing one or more imaging parameters, and having a parameter setting terminal coupled to the memory; a detachable cable having a first end adapted to be connected to the parameter setting terminal, and having a second end; and a parameter controller having a terminal coupled to the second end of the cable and configured to send the imaging parameters to the camera via the detachable cable, wherein the parameter controller is external to the camera.
10. The camera system of claim 9, wherein the camera does not include circuitry for generating or modifying the imaging parameters.
11. The camera system of claim 9, wherein the external parameter controller is configured to generate and/or modify the imaging parameters.
12. The camera system of claim 9, wherein the camera further comprises: a write-read unit coupled to the memory and to the parameter setting terminal, the write-read unit configured to write the imaging parameters received from the external parameter controller via the detachable cable to the memory, and configured to read the imaging parameters from the memory for output to the external parameter controller, via the detachable cable.
13. The camera system of claim 12, wherein the parameter controller comprises: a setting operation unit configured to generate and modify the imaging parameters to be stored in the camera's memory.
14. The camera system of claim 13, wherein the parameter controller further comprises: a display unit configured to display the imaging parameters read from the camera' memory via the detachable cable.
15. The camera system of claim 9, wherein the camera further comprises: a power supply and video output terminal for providing power to the camera and for outputting a video output signal from the camera, wherein the power supply and video output terminal are separate from the parameter setting terminal.
16. A method of operating a small CCD camera, the method comprising: generating a set of imaging parameters in a controller external to the camera; connecting a detachable cable between the camera and the external controller; transmitting the imaging parameters from the external controller to the camera via the detachable cable; and storing the imaging parameters in a memory provided within the camera.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: disconnecting the detachable cable from the camera; and capturing images using the camera without the camera being connected to the external controller.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: re-connecting the detachable cable between the camera and the controller; modifying the imaging parameters in the external controller; transmitting the modified imaging parameters from the external controller to the camera via the detachable cable; and storing the modified imaging parameters in the camera's memory.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising: re-connecting the cable between the camera and the controller; sending the imaging parameters from the camera to the external controller via the detachable cable; and displaying the imaging parameters on a display provided on the external controller.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the imaging parameters are not generated in the camera.
The present invention relates to a small CCD camera and a parameter setting controller used for setting imaging parameters for the camera.
Conventionally, a small CCD camera is designed to be cylindrical, three dimensional, and rectangular for the external shape so that it is suitable for miniaturization, and is typically provided with a lens unit at one end portion and a power supply and video output terminal at the other end portion. In use, a cable is connected to the power supply and video output terminal and a video signal is outputted through the cable.
To minimize size, small CCD cameras typically do not include circuitry that allows a user to set or modify various imaging parameters (e.g., exposure control, color balance control, gamma characteristics, and the like) on the CCD camera. Instead, these imaging parameters are typically generated by the CCD camera's manufacturer and then loaded into the CCD camera by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the CCD camera from the manufacturer to a user. As a result, the user is typically unable to set and/or modify the imaging parameters of such small CCD cameras.
However, it is often desirable for a user to adjust the imaging parameters of the small CCD camera, for example, depending upon the intended use of the camera and/or the characteristics of objects or images desired to be captured (e.g., photographed) by the small CCD camera. Because the imaging parameters of the CCD camera cannot be adjusted by the user, to adjust the camera's imaging parameters, the user must typically return the camera to the manufacturer, which in turn disassembles the camera, changes the camera's imaging parameters using a special tool in association with color samples and the like provided by the user, and then returns the camera to the user. Thereafter, the user typically tests the small CCD camera to ensure that the adjustments to the camera's imaging parameters made by the manufacturer are acceptable to the user. If the adjustments to the camera's imaging parameters are not acceptable to the user, the user must then re-send the camera to the manufacturer for further adjustments to the camera's imaging parameters. Sending the small CCD camera back and forth between the user and the manufacturer is a time consuming process.
Therefore, there is a need for a small CCD camera whose imaging parameters can be adjusted by a user without sending the camera back to the manufacturer.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the invention is to provide a small CCD camera capable of allowing a user to change the camera's imaging parameters without sending the camera back to the manufacturer. In accordance with the present invention, a small CCD camera includes a parameter setting terminal adapted to connect the camera to an external parameter setting controller via a detachable cable. The external parameter setting controller may be configured to generate and/or modify various imaging parameters for the camera, and may send the imaging parameters to the camera for storage therein via the detachable cable. Thereafter, the cable may be disconnected from the camera, for example, so that the camera may be used to capture images without being connected to the external parameter setting controller. By allowing the imaging parameters, to be sent from the external parameter setting controller to the camera via the detachable cable, the settings of the imaging parameters stored within CCD cameras of the present invention may be modified by the user without sending the camera back to the manufacturer, thereby providing an advantage over prior art small CCD cameras that must be sent back to the manufacturer to modify the imaging parameters.
Further, by sending the imaging parameters and any modifications thereto from the external parameter setting controller to the camera via the detachable cable, the camera does not need to include circuitry for generating and/or modifying the imaging parameters, thereby allowing for miniaturization of the camera. In addition, the ability to send imaging parameters from an external controller to the camera via the detachable cable allows for modifications to the camera's imaging parameters, even when the camera is not accessible by a user's hand.
For some embodiments, the parameter setting terminal may be provided separately from the camera's power supply and video output terminal. In this manner, when the camera is taking images, the power supply and the video output may be connected through a cable from the power supply and video output terminal in a manner similar to that of conventional small CCD cameras.
For some embodiments, small CCD cameras of the present invention may include a non-volatile memory for storing the imaging parameters, for example, provided by the external parameter setting controller. Further, small CCD cameras of the present invention may include a write-read unit configured to write the imaging parameters received from the external parameter setting controller via the detachable cable into the camera's non-volatile memory. The write-read unit may also be configured to read the imaging parameters from the non-volatile memory and send them to the external parameter setting controller via the detachable cable. In this manner, the imaging parameters stored in the camera's non-volatile memory may be modified and/or verified using the external parameter setting controller.
For some embodiments, the external parameter setting controller includes a display unit for displaying the imaging parameters read from the small CCD camera, and also includes a setting operation unit capable of modifying the imaging parameters for the small CCD camera. In this manner, the setting of and modifications to the camera's imaging parameters may be observed using the display unit of the external parameter setting controller.
The parameter setting controller need not supply power to the small CCD camera or receive a video output signal from the CCD camera. Since the power supply and the video output can be performed separately from the parameter setting controller, the camera may be used for capturing images without being connected to the external parameter setting controller.
The features and advantages of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and are by no means intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular embodiments shown, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a small CCD camera and an external parameter setting controller according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the small CCD camera of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the external parameter setting controller of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the external parameter setting controller of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the small CCD camera of FIG. 1.
Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawing figures.
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with respect to an exemplary small CCD camera for simplicity only. It is to be understood that embodiments of the present invention are equally applicable to other small CCD cameras. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. In other instances, well-known circuits and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not to be construed as limited to specific embodiments described herein but rather includes within its scope all embodiments defined by the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a small CCD camera system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. The camera system of FIG. 1 includes a small CCD camera 10 that may be connected to an external parameter setting controller 20 via a detachable cable 18. Although shown in FIG. 1 as cylindrically shaped, the small CCD camera 10 may, for other embodiments, be of other suitable shapes. The external dimensions of camera 10 are relatively small, for example, having a cylindrical outer diameter less than 20 mm. In this manner, the small CCD camera 10 is particularly suitable, for example, to be attached to mobile industrial equipment as a testing camera built into a testing self-propelled robot, a testing camera built into a working robot of a production line, and the like. Further, the camera 10 can be built into portions of industrial equipment and/or housing that are difficult to access by a person. Of course, the camera 10 is not limited to such exemplary applications.
The front end portion of the cylindrical small CCD camera 10 includes a lens unit 12, and the cylindrical rear end portion thereof, as shown in FIG. 2, includes a power supply and video output terminal 14, and also includes a parameter setting terminal 16 that may be connected to the external parameter setting controller 20 via the detachable cable 18.
It is to be noted that camera 10 does not include any parameter setting buttons or an electronic display unit for displaying such parameters, thereby allowing camera 10 to be miniaturized as much as possible.
The interior of camera 10, an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 5, includes a data processing unit 102 for software-processing an imaging signal, a non-volatile memory 104 (e.g., such as an EEPROM, flash memory, and the like) for storing imaging parameters, a write-read unit 106 for writing data to and reading data from the non-volatile memory 104, and an I/O interface unit 108 for delivering the data between the parameter setting terminal 16 and the write-read unit 106. Alternatively, the functions of the write-read unit 106 may be incorporated into the data processing unit 102 and/or into the non-volatile memory 104.
Referring to FIG. 3, the parameter setting controller 20, which is also small and portable, has a front surface that includes a liquid crystal display unit 22, item selection buttons 24, and a menu dial 26. Further, on the upper surface of the controller 20, there are a power supply terminal 30 and a camera connection terminal 28. The power supply terminal 30 may be used to provide power to controller 20 via an external power source (not shown for simplicity), and the camera connection terminal 28 may be used to connect the controller 20 to the camera via detachable cable 18. The item selection buttons 24 and the menu dial 26 constitute the setting operation unit of external controller 20. Further, inside the parameter setting controller 20, a battery unit (not shown for simplicity) may be provided to supply power when an external (e.g., commercial) power supply is not available.
The menu dial 26 may be used to set and/or modify the imaging parameters of the camera via cable 18. The imaging parameters selectable by the menu dial 26 may include, for example, an electronic iris setting, a fixed electronic shutter speed, an AGC setting, a fixing gain setting, a photometric data weighting setting, a white balance setting, a contour correction, a gamma setting, a mirror reversing, a chroma on and off, and the like.
The CCD camera 10 and the external parameter setting controller 20 are usually not connected when the camera 10 is in use. When the camera 10 is built into industrial equipment or housing and the like, after or before it is built-in, if it is desired to change the camera's imaging parameters from the initial values set by the camera manufacturer (e.g., at the time of shipment), the camera connection terminal 28 of the parameter setting controller 20 and the parameter setting terminal 16 of the CCD camera 10 may be connected by the cable 18, and while observing the liquid crystal display unit 22 of the parameter setting controller 20, the item selection buttons 24 and the menu dial 26 may be used to modify the camera's imaging parameters from the controller 20 via cable 18. Further, when the controller 20 is used to modify the imaging parameters of the camera 10 via cable 18, the power supply and video output terminal 14 may be connected to a video monitor (not shown for simplicity) so that the video monitor may be used to confirm changes to the video signal.
The imaging parameters set as described above may be inputted to the CCD camera 10 through the camera's parameter setting terminal 16 to the I/O interface unit 108, and may be written into selected addresses within the camera's non-volatile memory 104 by the write-read unit 106.
Further, the imaging parameters stored in the non-volatile memory 104 of the CCD camera 10 may be read by the write-read unit 106, and may be outputted to the parameter setting controller 20 through the camera's I/O interface unit 108 and parameter setting terminal 16 via cable 18 so that the contents of the camera's memory 104 may be displayed on the liquid crystal display unit 22 of external controller 20.
In this manner, after the setting and changing operations are completed, the cable 18 may be removed from the parameter setting terminal 16 of the CCD camera 10, and another cable may be connected to the power supply and video output terminal 14, for example, so that the CCD camera 10 may be used by itself without carrying the external parameter setting controller 20.
Thus, according to the present embodiment, because the CCD camera 10 does not include a parameter setting controller such as controller that contains the parameter setting buttons 24/26 and the electronic display unit 22 for displaying the parameters, a small external shape can be maintained for the CCD camera 10. Further, by connecting the camera 10 to the parameter setting controller 20 after the shipment of the camera from the plant, for example, in a sales store or even at the scene, the camera's imaging properties may be set and/or modified, e.g., without sending the camera back to the manufacturer. Further, even after the camera is built into industrial equipment, the parameters can be changed using the external controller 20 when connected to the camera 10 via cable 18. The ability to set and/or modify the imaging parameters of the camera 10 using external controller 20 is especially advantageous for situations in which the CCD camera 10 is difficult to access by a person (e.g., where the camera 10 is built within industrial equipment or housing). For such situations, a person need only connect the cable 18 to the camera 10 to allow the camera's imaging parameters to be set and/or modified using external controller 20.
Conversely, for prior art cameras that include a parameter setting function controller, the setting buttons, and a display screen, it may not be possible to correctly operate the buttons and confirm the imaging parameter settings if the prior art camera is deployed in a system such that its setting buttons and display are difficult to access by a person, which in turn may require removing the prior art camera from the system to change its imaging parameters. Further, because the parameter setting controller 20 of the present invention does not provide supply power current or the video output signal to the CCD camera 10, the CCD camera 10 may be used for normal functions (e.g., capturing images) without the parameter setting controller 20, thereby allowing for greater miniaturization of the camera 10.
Further, by connecting a plurality of CCD cameras 10 in order to one set of the parameter setting controller 20 via the cable 18, the setting of a plurality of CCD cameras 10 can be changed.
While the principles of the invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, and particular modifications thereof, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of invention.
Previous Patent: Digital camera, and signal processing method and signal processing apparatus for the same
Next Patent: Image capturing apparatus


The scope of a minor kitchen update is proscribed to mainly beauty improvements. According to the 2016 Cost vs. Value Report, an update like this in the Twin Cities will average approximately $23,000.
You likely spend most of your time at home and invest rather a lot into it. We believe this means you need to have it appear to be you and be really one-of-a-form. Our bathroom design service works to maintain your lavatory tailor-made to your tastes. Everything from the ground to the fixtures, walls, cabinets, and tubs will be exactly how you like them if you hire us. We customise all that we install so that you're completely glad every time you stroll in the door.
Lars Remodeling & Design has over 25 years of experience serving to San Diegans remodel their kitchens. The combined information of our skilled designers makes Lars Remodeling & Design one of the premier kitchen transform firms in San Diego. Our staff knows find out how to make your practical and sensible kitchen one of the putting rooms in your house.
We encourage you to visit our lavatory showroom as properly to see how our quality reworking works in these areas. Many of the same providers are supplied, equivalent to countertop and cupboard set up and numerous repairs. Whichever room we transform is certain to be much more vitality efficient and up-to-date as soon as we're performed. If you are not sure where to start, we're glad to supply toilet rework concepts to offer you inspiration. Once you've your vision, we make it actuality.
Our model at New Spaces is exclusive. For a modest fee, our designers work with you to explore a number of design plans and options. This gives you the chance to see how the scope of the venture, and the merchandise you choose affect the bottom line. We consider that educating homeowners so they can make their own decisions with confidence is one of the best ways to guarantee that our clients get the kitchen rework they deserve – regardless of price range.


Most everyone knows about the Garfield Halloween TV special, but not so many people remember the infamous comic strips from 1989. For a week, Garfield lived in a world where niether he, nor anyone else in his household, existed any more. The house was empty and abandoned, but worse yet, so were the refridgerator and cupboards. The ending is a trifle odd, which has caused much debate as to what truly happened. It was the stated intent of Jim Davis that the whole thing was supposed to be a sort of dream sequence, but the way Garfield uses "denial" to escape from his prison leads to the impression that he is still there and slowly starving to death, while forgetting his pain by losing himself in memories of a happier time.
When thinking about Garfield starving to death while lost in his delusions gets too depressing for you, you can cheer yourself up a bit with this halloween themed Garfield flash game.
Okay, that is uncharacteristically odd – and bleak! Nice find!
Great eerie Garfield treat, Drahken.
Reminds me of the oddly dramatic Garfield: His 9 Lives TV movie.
That thing had some weird animation styles.
I think it was covered here on the site, at some point.


Caught in the budget crunch?
Providing a world-class education for all kids may no longer be possible without outside financial help. Administrators, parents, and school board members have discovered that nickel-and-dime fund-raising tactics like bake sales, candy sales, and car washes can no longer carry the financial burden.
Everywhere we look, schools and districts are feeling the budget crunch. Worthwhile programs like music, art, and foreign languages have been curtailed or eliminated. Extracurricular activities and sports have been dropped, and teachers have been let go.
What's needed to alleviate the budget crunch? Consider a large-scale fund-raising effort coordinated and articulated across district lines.
Tax-supported state colleges and universities have faced similar budget constraints over the years, yet have figured out how to deliver world-class programs by establishing development offices. These offices are staffed by people with experience in conducting major campaigns to raise funds through corporate, foundation, and government grants, as well as grants and gifts from individual donors.
Colleges and universities also have discovered that a coordinated effort utilizes the services of professional and volunteer staffs, top administrators, board members, and the university president. These development offices are good role models for the public schools, and we can learn from them.
Some school districts have recognized that development offices are good investments that bring in more money than it costs to establish and maintain them. With realistic expectations, development offices should pay for themselves in two years or less. School and district 501(c)(3) foundations have become popular, with more than 10,000 established across then U.S. and more in the development stage.
Parent and civic groups, chambers of commerce, alumni, booster clubs, and friends of the schools have established foundations. School boards and districts also have developed their own.
Public schools have many supporters. Millions of people have attended and graduated from schools all across the country. Many of these same people have children and grandchildren in the schools and want to give back to show their appreciation and support. While all can't give money or other assets, many can donate time as volunteers. Go after these people with gusto and learn how to ask for their help!
Superintendent: With the board's blessing, the superintendent is the overall leader in a big-time fund-raising effort. This would include, but not be limited to, the establishment of a districtwide development office including the employment of competent, experienced development office staff.
Working with the development staff, as well the local education foundation, central office staff, principals, teachers, parents, volunteers, consultants, and the school board, the superintendent can bring power, prestige, and creativity to the district's overall needs and vision.
Recently, a superintendent and I visited two foundations in the San Francisco Bay area. In both instances, the foundations' executive directors said this was the first time that they had met with a superintendent on their turf. Both were very pleased that the superintendent felt it was important enough to make a personal visit. Needless to say, both foundations provided major support, and the superintendent discovered that when CEOs meet and work together, good things start to happen.
With training, the superintendent should learn how to ask for gifts from wealthy individuals and others within the school community. A solicitation team—used so effectively by college and university presidents—that includes the superintendent will reap major rewards. Meeting with potential donors personally is the key to money rolling in to your district. Remember, if you don't ask for it, you won't get it.
School board members: Individual board members are key players in the effort as well. Most board members I know have many friends and contacts in the community and elsewhere, including key people in the business world. Use these contacts by soliciting cash and noncash gifts from friends and colleagues. If you can make cash or noncash gifts yourself, why not do it? Board members in the nonprofit world as well as at the private school, college, and university levels contribute regularly to the good causes they represent. Why not in the public schools?
Board members should be strong supporters and advocates of large-scale fund-raising efforts. They should approve the establishment of a development office and expect it to be a profit center in two to three years.
Remember: More than 80 percent of all grants and gifts to good causes come from individual donors. Therefore, encourage and support the superintendent and the development office staff to seek big grants and gifts from individuals. Assist in identifying and soliciting others in the community who have the ability and interest in contributing. By setting a good example of contributing yourself, you will create a lot of excitement and interest.
Principals: Principals have critical roles as well, and they can make or break a program by their attitude and involvement. As school leaders, principals should take on a role similar to that of the superintendent, making personal visits to wealthy constituents and others in their attendance area. Principals should be part of the team that meets with program officers and CEOs of corporations and foundations that are interested in funding their specific school.
Teachers, coaches, and other staff: Your staff is the heart of your fund-raising effort because they are on the firing line each and every day. They make the community proud of their involvement and commitment to kids. Band and choir directors, sports and academic coaches, and teachers in both core subjects and the creative and performing arts should be key players. Prospective donors probably know one or more of these people through their kids or grandkids, have been influenced by their good work, and want to help out.
School and district foundations are becoming more prominent in providing outside funding for schools. Foundation staff must work cooperatively with the district's development office in articulating and coordinating the total fund-raising effort. School board members in some districts also sit on the foundation board.
Depending on the district's size, the development office might consist of one or more staff members. A full-fledged development office staff includes a director of development, two coordinators (one for corporate, foundation, and government grants and another for individual giving), and one or more grant writers.
The director of development has overall responsibility for the district's total fund-raising effort. This includes supervising the development office staff and serving as the liaison with school sites and school and district foundations. The director will have extensive fund-raising experience at the school or district levels.
The coordinator of corporate, foundation, and government grants is in charge of prospect research. This person works cooperatively with school site personnel, volunteers, and grant writers and notifies them of available grants. The position requires grant-writing experience, as well as experience in working with corporate, foundation, and government funders.
The person responsible for obtaining grants and gifts from individual donors will be the key to opening funding doors to angels within your community. The people who make large gifts—more than $50,000—to your cause will bring about positive change within your school or district in the fastest and most significant way. Someone who has extensive experience in both obtaining big gifts, and in training others to obtain them as well, should fill this key position.
Depending on your district's size, having one or more full-time, experienced grant writers is essential. In large, urban school districts, a cadre of full-time grant writers is needed. A number of people across the country have experience in this area, and you should go after them with gusto.
To assist you in recruiting staff, announce these positions in the Chronicle of Philanthropy, a journal read by most people with experience in the field.
Parents and volunteers are important members of your team and can help you reap major rewards in time and money. Most parents want to help the schools, but they are tired of nickel-and-dime fund-raising efforts. Many have good contacts in the school community and know where the outside money is. Invite them to make personal visits to prospects along with other members of the solicitation team and encourage them to make contributions as well.
Wealthy people and others with money, especially those who are graduates or former public school staff, should take an active role in giving and soliciting grants and gifts from their friends and family. A number of these people would welcome an invitation to give back to the schools by contributing time and money. Invite them into the schools and involve them in your cause. Ask them to assume leadership positions in your foundation. If they contribute large sums of money, consider naming a classroom or other part of a facility in their honor. It's being done everywhere else. Why not the public schools?
Because of the tremendous costs involved in developing world-class learning environments, it is imperative that everyone be responsible and help the schools in their effort to bring positive change. Our schools need your help. Show them that you care.
School level: These foundations support innovative classroom practices and supplement, augment, and complement programs and activities (art, music, physical education, and athletics) not provided in the budget. Some of these foundations also provide mini-grants for teachers.
Community-based: These independent foundations see themselves as advocates for public education, school improvement, and school reform. These foundations look to broaden the constituency and keep the community informed about the schools' strengths, challenges, and needs. An example of these types of foundations would be the Public Education Funds sponsored by the Public Education Network.
Districtwide: These foundations serve as an arm of the district just like those at colleges, universities, and private schools. This type of foundation coordinates and facilitates the district's total fundraising effort through a development office with full-time staff and board-approved financial support.
This article is © 2008 Stanley Levenson, Ph.D. Permission is granted to make individual copies for your colleagues provided that credit is given to the author. Teens2Teams warmly thanks Dr. Levenson for his permission to republish the article.


In the wake of the Enron implosion and the subsequent revelations of numerous cases of corporate misconduct, sweeping legislation was enacted to reform the system of corporate financial oversight and to ensure protection for employees and investors. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, signed into law by President George W. Bush on July 20, 2002, is a landmark in policymaking, business law, and social activism. Whisteblower Law is the first book to explain and analyze the impact and implications of this legislation, especially as it pertains to the rights of whistleblowers―those who dare to come forward with evidence of wrongdoing. Written by the leading experts in the field and drawing on their extensive experience in advising law-makers, arguing cases, and training professionals, Whisteblower Law will become the standard reference for lawyers, judges, and mediators; corporate executives and managers; employees of publicly traded companies; labor leaders and human resource advocates; and potential whistleblower alike.
The authors point out that the impact of Sarbanes-Oxley and related reforms in law and policy will have a profound effect on the corporate and legal communities. For example, the law mandates for the first time that all publicly traded companies establish formal whistleblowing programs and that corporate attorneys must divulge information that would implicate their clients in criminal acts, effectively becoming whistleblowers themselves.
STEPHEN M. KOHN is a partner in the Washington, D.C., law firm of Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, LLP, and Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the National Whistleblower Center. He is the former Director of Corporate Litigation for the Government Accountability Project. Nationally recognized for his scholarship and litigation on behalf of whistleblowers, Kohn in 1985 authored the first legal text on whistleblower law. He is the author of Concepts and Procedures in Whistleblower Law (Quorum, 2000).
Stephen M. Kohn is the nation's leading whistleblower rights attorney. He represented UBS Swiss banker Bradley Birkenfeld, and won the largest reward ever paid to an individual whistleblower: $104 million dollars obtained under the IRS tax fraud whistleblower rewards program. His record of winning whistleblower cases, at trial and on appeal, dates back to 1984. Many of his court victories have become landmark precedents in modern workplace law.
A respected scholar as well as a litigator, he has testified in Congress on behalf of whistleblowers and worked with the Senate Judiciary and Banking committees to draft corporate whistleblower protections under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Dodd-Frank Act and Whistleblower Protection Act. He is the author of the first legal treatise on whistleblowing and is the world's most published author on whistleblower protection. He is a partner in the Washington D.C. law firm of Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, and serves pro bono as the director of the National Whistleblower Center. He currently specializes in whistleblower cases filed under the False Claims Act, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the IRS tax fraud whistleblower rewards law, the Securities Exchange Commission's whistleblower program and qui tam whistleblower laws.
MICHAEL D. KOHN is a partner in Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, P.C., and a member of the National Whisteblower Center. A specialist in whistleblowing law, he is co-author, with Stephen M. Kohn, of The Labor Lawyer's Guide to the Rights and Responsibilities of Employee Whistleblowers (Quorum, 1988).
DAVID K. COLAPINTO is a partner in Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, P.C., and a member of the National Whistleblower Center. He has represented numerous whistleblowers before the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
This is an extremely well written, clear, and cautious overview of new federal protections for whistleblowers, because that's really what has happened since 2002. Do take note that it is really directed for employees in the private sector; if you are in a government job things may be somewhat different. Or very, very different depending on your location. It would be nice to learn more about private sector jobs that are subcontracted out by government agencies and the whistleblowing is "on" the contractors, but this may be too complex or may need to go through the courts.
Certainly I wish that I had had something like this 14 years ago, when I was caught up in a whistleblowing problem that cost me my job and my life (not that I died, obviously, but that my life could never be the same, not that I really wanted it to be). I took whatever legal guides I could find, but in addition to their being contradictory and sketchy, their bindings were insufficient for the size of their pages and all collapsed within a matter of weeks.


'One of the most brilliant first novels I have come across' Telegraph'One of the top 100 novels of the century' Independent 'Brilliant...irresistible...compelling' New York Times'Macabre, bizarre, and impossible to put down' Financial Times'Read it if you dare' Daily Express The Wasp Factory is a bizarre, imaginative, disturbing, and darkly comic look into the mind of a child psychopath - one of the most infamous of contemporary Scottish novels. 'Two years after I killed Blyth I murdered my young brother Paul, for quite different reasons than I'd disposed of Blyth, and then a year after that I did for my young cousin Esmerelda, more or less on a whim.
It was just a stage I was going through.' Enter - if you can bear it - the extraordinary private world of Frank, just sixteen, and unconventional, to say the least.


text:
Air Force's Mysterious X-37B Space Plane Nears Orbital Record
The U.S. Air Force's X-37B space plane is just eight days away from setting a record on its current clandestine mission.
If the robotic vehicle stays aloft until March 25, it will break the X-37B mission-duration mark of 674 days, which was established back in October 2014.
It's unclear whether that will actually happen, however; the Air Force is tight-lipped about most X-37B payloads and activities, including touchdown plans. [The X-37B's Fourth Mystery Mission in Photos]
"The landing date will be determined based on the completion of the program's on-orbit demonstrations and objectives for this mission," Capt. AnnMarie Annicelli, an Air Force spokeswoman, told Space.com via email when asked when the current mission might end.
The U.S. Air Force's robotic X-37B space plane, known as the Orbital Test Vehicle, is shown here in a 2009 photo at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. An X-37B spacecraft is currently flying the fourth classified mission for the U.S. Air Force. (Image credit: U.S. Air Force)
The U.S. Air Force's robotic X-37B space plane is a miniature space shuttle capable of long, classified missions in orbit. See how the X-37B space plane works in this Space.com infographic. (Image credit: By Karl Tate, Infographics Artist)
The uncrewed X-37B (also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle, or OTV) looks a lot like NASA's now-retired space shuttle, only much smaller. The X-37B is just 29 feet (8.8 meters) long and 9.6 feet (2.9 m) tall, with a wingspan of about 15 feet (4.6 m). Two of the vehicles could fit inside a space shuttle's payload bay.
The Air Force is known to have two X-37Bs, both of which were built by Boeing. These twin craft have flown four missions to date. OTV-1 launched on April 22, 2010, and landed on Dec. 3 of that year, spending 224 days in orbit. OTV-2 started on March 5, 2011, and wrapped up on June 16, 2012, after 468 days in space. OTV-3 launched on Dec. 11, 2012, and landed on Oct. 17, 2014, after circling the Earth for more than 674 days.
The current mission, OTV-4, lifted off on May 20, 2015.
All four X-37B flights have launched from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and the first three landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. But the Air Force has been working to consolidate X-37B launch and landing activities on Florida's Space Coast, and that vision includes bringing the vehicles down at the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC), which is next door to Cape Canaveral.
The U.S. Air Force's X-37B space plane launches atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket on May 20, 2015. The liftoff kicked off the X-37B program's fourth mission. (Image credit: United Launch Alliance )
Rumors have swirled that OTV-4 will land at KSC, but that's all they are at the moment — rumors. Capt. Annicelli declined to confirm or refute such speculation.
"While the program has the capability to land at either KSC or Vandenberg, the landing location is determined by a variety of factors," she said.
Because of the secrecy surrounding the X-37B program, some people have speculated that the vehicle is a space weapon. But the Air Force has always vigorously contested such claims, saying that the space plane is simply testing technologies and helping researchers conduct in-space experiments.
"Technologies being tested in the program include advanced guidance, navigation and control, thermal-protection systems, avionics, high-temperature structures and seals, conformal reusable insulation, lightweight electromechanical flight systems, advanced propulsion systems and autonomous orbital flight, re-entry, and landing," the Air Force's X-37B fact sheet states.
Coronavirus Death Toll Surpasses 100: Live updates on 2019-nCoV

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In general Vitamin E is the most useful nutrient for the body, but studies have proven that for people who drink or smoke, it acts as very bad vitamin and badly affects men health, majorly their Immune system.
Based on the lifestyle selections, taking vitamin E complements for boosting immune system can have diverse effects on amending the danger of pneumonia in older men health, an investigation has found.
The recent investigation had showed that vitamin E had enlarged pneumonia menace by 68% amid men who had the maximum exposure to smoking and who did not exercise regularly.
On the other hand, vitamin E really decreased pneumonia threat by 69% amid participants who had the minimum exposure to smoking and who work out during their free time.
"The influence of vitamin E on men health consequences might depend on numerous appearances of people and their existence," said main author Harri Hemila from the University of Helsinki in Finland.
As a result, a single worldwide estimation of the vitamin E result might be considerably deceptive for some populace groups, Hemila told.
For the investigation, the group considered the effect of this on the peril of pneumonia on males aged 50 to 69 years old in Finland among 1985 and 1993. There were 898 people of pneumonia amid 29,133 contestants of the investigation.
The author claims that these conclusions disprove by being an even effect of vitamin E supplementation on the menace of pneumonia.
Assumed the present limited understanding about who might profit, it should not be recommended for the overall population for enlightening the immune system, Hemila suggested.
The study was available in the British Journal of Nutrition.


Okay gals, here you are. This one is for you. I will do my best to tell you how you can benefit your functional fitness training with sandbag training.
Whether you make your own or buy ours or somebody else's workout sandbags does not matter. What matters is you match your strength and power abilities with the right size and weight sandbags. Notice I said "size and weight". For instance, our exercise sandbags come in a small size that can hold up to 40 pounds of sand. Or, and this is my point, it can also hold 20 or so pounds of rubber mulch pellets. And, it can also be partially filled with only 25 to 30 pounds of sand. Our medium fitness sandbags can hold up to 80 pounds of sand. Or, they can be partially filled with 55-70 pounds of sand. Partially filling a sandbag is a great idea because it increases the amount of shifting that the sand does, which increases the benefit to your stabilizer muscles. And, the medium sandbags can be filled with 30-40 pounds of rubber mulch pellets. And our large sandbags can be filled with anywhere from 80-120 pounds of sand, or 40-60 pounds of rubber mulch pellets.
So, you get the idea of how many options you have for the weight of your sandbags. Of course different exercises call for different sizes and/or weights of sandbags. Here is another idea for you: Use leather work gloves to protect your hands.
There are some exercises that I can only do with a small sandbag. And I weigh right at 200 pounds. I use small a small sandbag to put on my back and do pushups with. I highly recommend this exercise. I consider it superior to bench presses for chest and arm training. You might want to do this with the rubber mulch pellets or a very loose amount of sand in the sandbag. Another favorite sandbag exercise of mine is the x-lift. I use a small sandbag for it. It involves lifting the sandbag from beside one foot and crossing across the body in a half-x motion. The motion ends by lifting the sandbag up and over the shoulder on the opposite side of your body from the foot you lifted it up from in the first place. All these exercises can be seen on the sandbag workouts page.
The point of describing the x-lift and the pushup is that they are strenuous for a big guy like me with a small sandbag filled with sand. So, you might want to either partially fill the sandbag with sand, or fill it with rubber mulch pellets.
The medium sandbag is useful to me for doing most of the exercises I do with sandabags. One of my favorites is the smackdown. I simply lift it from the floor on one side of my body and smack it down on the other side. Ladies, for this exercise, you might want to use a small sandbag. Also, I really like doing lateral throws. I lift the sandbag from one side of my body and throw it across my waist to the floor beside the other side of me. Again, this would probably be best done with a small sandbag by an average sized lady.
I think you get the idea by now. If you have any questions, please contact me for more details. Keep it safe, keep it fun, and keep fit for life. Here are our fitness sandbags.


Yeh Hai Mohabbatein 12th May 2016: In the last episode Abhishek caught culprits and freed Adi. He met Raman and Ishita in the station. Raman told Simmi about Ishita and Mr. Bhalla heard that. Mrs. Bhalla reached Ishita's home and shocked to see her and told her that she would do her grah parvesh.
Check: Baaghi Box Office Collection.
Mrs. Bhalla told Simmi that she would get Ishita and said she would take care of Raman's anger. Adi supported her and said Ishi maa had to come. She hugged and blessed him. He wondered to make Ishita helpless. Pihu asked Adi to do something as she recently decorated her room and wouldn't leave that. He said he couldn't go against dad. She insisted. He said he had an idea and asked her to act.
He called Aliya. He apologized and said they both did wrong and asked her to be a friend and said he's not that bad and is a decent guy. She agreed. He asked her help and told her that he's son of Ishita and Raman, Adi Bhalla. He said they all didn't want Ishita to return Australia and said he wanted her to meet her own daughter Pihu.
So, that she couldn't go after meeting her and sent her the address where he wanted her to send Ishita. She agreed to help and hung up the call. Adi and Pihu waited for Ishita and Pihu asked her why they were waiting here? He asked her to be patient. She saw Ishita and said that garland aunty and rushed to meet her and struck in the middle of the road.
Ishita and Adi both ran to save her and Ishita saved her from car driver and scolded him. Adi remembered in the same way she saved Ruhi. She hugged her and shocked to see her and said Ruhi! Pihu said her name is Pihu, not Ruhi and called her garland pic's aunty. Ishita smiled and hugged her and said same eyes, lips, and eyes like Ruhi.
She got amused and said haar wali aunty is also a nice name and hugged her. Adi got happy to see them together. Then Raman came and took Pihu and scolded Ishita. Pihu said she saved her life, Raman denied and said her faith and luck saved her and said Ishita couldn't be her good luck and asked who got her there. She said Adi brought her there to make her meet someone.
Raman slapped Adi, Ishita asked him to stop. He again slapped him and asked Ishita to be quiet and asked to stay away from his children. He asked Adi to be on track and told him to go home and take Pihu along. Adi cried and Ishita hugged her and consoled him. She told Adi that Raman loved him and was helpless of his anger.
She said he missed him a lot and apologized to her. He said he missed her too and loved her a lot and just wanted her to take home. She thanked him for making her meet Pihu and said she's identical to our Ruhi and told him that Raman already warned her if she would come home everything would be ruined. In the ways back Pihu told Raman that she loved that aunty and felt the comforting warmth in her hug.
She wished to hug her again. Raman stopped the car and wondered she was her real mother while thought no to tell Raman that she was Iyer aunt's daughter.
Previous PostThe Powerpuff Girls Season 1 Episode 15 Watch Online Live: Blossom to sway a famous scientist?


text:
Q: Storing files (videos/images/music) in CouchDB/Cloudant vs CDN (CloudFront)? I am new to CouchDB/Cloudant and CDN (CloudFront).
I am about to build an application using CouchDB as database.
This web application will handle a lot of files.
I know that CouchDB can store files in the database as attachments. But then I have heard about leveraging CDN to store and distribute the files all over the world.
My questions:

*

*How is storing files in CouchDB compared to CDN (CloudFront)?

*How is Cloudant's service compared to CDN (CloudFront)?

*Is Google storage also a CDN?

*What is the difference between Amazon CloudFront and S3?

*Do I have to choose to store files either in CouchDB/Cloudant or CDN, or could/should I actually combine them?

*What are best practices for storing files when using CouchDB?

A: Some of these questions are based on your specific implementation, but here's a generalization (not in any particular order):

*

*Unless they have Cloudant mirrored on numerous servers around the world (effectively a CDN in its own right, just sans static files), a true CDN would probably have better response time, depending mostly on how you used Cloudant (eg, you might get good response times, but if you load the entire file into memory before outputting it, you're losing the CDN battle).

*CouchDB has to process more data server-side before it can output an attachment.

*CloudFront (and CDNs in general) are optimized for the fastest possible response time with the closest server.

*S3 is only storage; CloudFront uses that storage and distributes it across many servers that serve the content based upon which one is closer to the user requesting that content.

*Yes, you have to choose between Cloudant or the CDN; one stores them in the filesystem verbatim, the other stores them in the filesystem within the database.
I don't know the answer to some of these, eg, how CouchDB actually handles attachment storage at a low level, nor its best practices, however, this should give you enough of an idea to at least start thinking about which suits your needs best.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I think Gaius made something of a misstep this week. I'm not suggesting that we put Morgana's seer abilities on the Camelot Newsletter but he should at least have let her know that she has the gift. She's smart enough not to march up to Uther and say "Hey look here Kingie, I can see the future now whattaya think of that?" I think that Morgana knew what she dreams about could come true then it would help them fight the forces of evil and all that.
Anyway this was a good episode despite Gaius' overprotectiveness of the truth. Arthur falls in love with some woman who isn't in fact a woman but a magical fairy called a Shi trapped inside the body of a woman. And he doesn't exactly fall in love with her. Instead it's more like she places a magical enchantment of some kind on him so that he would do anything for her. So it's up to Merlin to save the day. The best bit in this episode was Merlin using the woman-who-isn't-a-woman's father's staff to blow them up to peices. I watched it and I was like 'woah'. I knew Merlin's magic was powerful but now he's blowing people up. No wonder the king wanted it banned. Not that the banning of magic has actually achieved anything. All it's done is forced the evil magic users, those determined to use magic at any cost, underground and prevented those who use their magics for good from using it to effectively fight back against them. In short Uther is an idiot. A well-meaning idiot granted but an idiot nonetheless.
Anyway this was a good episode. I liked how excited Gaius was about Merlin seeing Avalon and how disinterested Merlin was in the whole subject of the place you see before you die or whatever. I would have loved it had Merlin responded to Gaius' question of how it looked by saying 'blue and shiny'. The afterlife is blue and shiny. Brilliant. Of course you realise what I'm doing now is enjoying my own imagination more than I enjoyed the episode. Not a good sign. If I enjoy my imagination this much why don't I use it to write a novel for the National Novel Writing Month? That's what I want to know.


text:
David Dike
Openings & Events
David Dike Powered By Nativz
Preusser, Robert
ROBERT PREUSSER (Am. 1919-1992)
ROBERT PREUSSER CATALOGUE
ROBERT PREUSSER: THE NEW BAUHAUS AND BEYOND
By: Larry Boettigheimer
Robert Preusser started art lessons in 1930 at the age of eleven. His teacher was Ola McNeill Davidson. McNeill Davidson was known to be a representational painter, but she was broadminded teacher with an affinity for modernism. She had been to Paris and was well acquainted with European modernism. While in Paris she received instruction from the noted French modernist André Lhote. McNeill Davidson taught art at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, but in 1938 opened her own art school and gallery in a converted two-story garage. Davidson introduced her students to the work of the great European Modernists. Among her students was a circle of young Houston avant-garde painters including Robert Preusser, Forrest Bess, Frank Dolejska, Gene Charlton and Carden Bailey. Preusser recalled the group would discuss art and modernism late into the night as well as attend symphonies and ballet. This core group of artists marks the beginning of the modern movement in Houston, Texas.
By 1935, at the age of 16, Robert Preusser began to make a name for himself with the entry of a painting in the annual juried show at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. The next year brought additional recognition with Preusser receiving honorable mention for his entry. This feat is even more remarkable when you take into account the museum jury and patrons were firmly in the camp of representational art and Texas Regionalism was the style of the day. Robert Preusser had taken a radical direction for a Texas artist, but his work was so innovative and inspired he could not be ignored by the jury, the press, or the Houston museum patrons.
The two watercolors in this exhibition are from 1937-1938. Preusser described his early watercolors in his oral history interview for the Smithsonian Institution. Many of them were titled "Improvisation" and were exhibited in 1990 in simultaneous exhibitions at the Transco Towers and the Parkerson Gallery (both exhibitions organized and curated by Sandy Parkerson). Preusser related that he had stashed about 100 watercolors from 1937-1938 in a trunk and when he saw those watercolors he realized "I had something here that should not stay in the trunk." Preusser recalled that the watercolors were true improvisations and were completely abstract and spontaneously painted without any elements of representation.
In looking at this early period of Preusser's work (1935-1939) it is tempting to say that the artist was highly influenced by Kandinsky, Klee, or Miro, but Preusser revealed that his true source of inspiration was a book given to him by Ola McNeill Davidson. The book was written by Albert Barnes, an important collector rather than an artist, called The Art in Painting." Preusser stated that this book was "a bit of my bible at the time." Barnes' book rejected the notion of understanding fine art in terms of narrative and representation, but extolled "formal values" such as color, light, line, mass, composition, symmetry, angularity. So if for example, an artist wanted to convey a feeling of tragedy, he would not rely on depicting a tragic scene, the artist would instead use somber or harsh colors, constricted spaces, jagged lines, depending on the artist's own feelings and experiences with those artistic devices.
By 1939 at the age of twenty, Preusser started looking outside of the Houston area to further his art education. He had seen an article in Time magazine about the "New Bauhaus" Institute of Design in Chicago and revealed, "the reason I went to there was what I saw in Time magazine, a little article on the opening which was the year before of the New Bauhaus, it was called. And that's when I said I want to go there just from the review of the opening and what it was all about."
Preusser further related:
"As a matter of fact, it's an interesting thing that happened. McNeill Davidson and my mother drove me to Chicago to interview Moholy. And Moholy told McNeill, he says, "I can't teach your former student to paint. I can't do anything to change his" – not to change. He says, "I cannot teach him to be an artist, but I can teach him things about structure and about Bauhaus, old Bauhaus philosophy and all that sort of thing."….
"But he admitted right away when he saw my work that I was on roll in terms of what I was doing in that he couldn't contribute to that aspect of it."….
"It was so different from than anything that existed in the country. I studied. I know I wanted to study it, but I'd never seen anything that was of the approach. And, of course, I was proven to be right because eventually, history has proven that Bauhaus and the Institute of Design I followed is the greatest influence in teaching in art and design in this country. So I made a wise decision, I think."….
"It was a very structured program, and it included professors from the University of Chicago teaching biology and mathematics and chemistry and all of that, but it also primarily was focused on drawing. It was minor, but there was a drawing class. And there was light and color class, and there was photography, the first time I ever tried a camera. And architecture, George Fred Keck, who was a well-known Chicago architect was an architectural instructor."……
"I had all of them, yes. I had the complete program. Yes, it was a full day's program, and I went there for only one year, '39 to '40. And then '40, '41, I was in New Orleans, and you'll see some things that I did there. And then '41, '42, I went back to Chicago, the Institute of Design."
The philosophy of the Bauhaus originated in Weimer Germany. The word literally means "construction house" or "School of Building." The Bauhaus was first founded by Walter Gropius and combined crafts, fine art, and architecture. Gropius formulated the manifesto for the Bauhaus which stated "The final goal of all artistic activity is architecture."
The Bauhaus Principals:
"The Bauhaus principles are best summarized by Alfred Barr, the Director of the Museum of Modern Art 1938, in his preface to the book Bauhaus (edited by Gropius and Bayer):
• most students should face the fact that their future should be involved primarily with industry and mass production rather than with individual craftsmanship
• teachers in schools of design should be men who are in advance of their profession rather than safely and academically in the rearguard
• the schools of design should, as the Bauhaus did, bring together the various arts of painting, architecture, theatre, photography, weaving, typography, etc., into a modern synthesis which disregards conventional distinctions between the "fine" and "applied" arts
• it is harder to design a first rate chair than to paint a second rate painting-and much more useful
• a school of design should have on its faculty the purely creative and disinterested artist such as the easel painter as a spiritual counterpoint to the practical technician in order that they may work and teach side by side for the benefit of the student
• manual experience of materials is essential to the student of design-experience at first confirmed to free experiment and then extended to the practical workshop
• because we live in the 20th century, the student architect or designer should be offered no refuge in the past but should be equipped for the modern world in its various aspects, artistic, technical, social, economic, spiritual, so that he may function in society not as a decorator but as a vital participant."
It is fascinating that a brilliant young artist would choose a school that rejected "art for art's sake," but instead emphasized practical industrial design, interdisciplinary study, and man's physical as well as aesthetic needs, but Preusser was a modernist and also clearly saw the need for an interdisciplinary approach for art in the accelerating machine age of the 1930s and 1940s. The New Bauhaus program was not focused exclusively on art. Preusser recalled that during his studies, except for his drawing class, his professors never saw or criticized his art. The only thing they ever saw was his completed class exercises! Preusser received rigorous instruction in design and composition, but his technique, and visual vocabulary were his own. His teachers never set foot in his studio or critiqued his painting.
The drawings in this exhibition are all from 1941-1942 during Preusser's time at the New Bauhaus. In his oral history interview Preusser reveals the origins of these drawings: "On Sundays, I would sit down and make little 8 x 10 on typing paper as the surface and made ink drawings, thermals of weird figures and others completely abstract and then birds…"
These drawings are notable because they exemplify the beauty and artistic potential of the simplest artistic element, the line. A number of these drawings consist of one, two, or a few continuous unbroken line segments. In some of these drawings the artist would complete the entire complex drawing only lifting the pen from the paper a few times. Other drawings have networks of finely spaced lines spontaneously drawn with such precision and so close together they almost defy human capability. The extreme precision of Preusser's line drawings is apparent, and what is more remarkable is that he accomplished these without erasure or changes to composition. In effect, they are like jazz improvisations. No do-over's – no safety net.
It was at the New Bauhaus in 1941-1942 (the dates of the above mentioned drawings) that Preusser began realizing the deeper goals of the Bauhaus tradition. Barely at the age of twenty years old Preusser also became an instructor at the New Bauhaus. He also was involved in research studies concerning camouflage techniques for the military in case of war with Germany or Japan. Preusser worked on a camouflage design incorporating a series of lights in Lake Michigan that could fool a potential night bomber into dropping his bombs over Lake Michigan instead of the downtown Chicago. Ultimately when the war came Preusser was drafted and worked in the camouflage unit of the U.S. Army.
After the end of World War II, Preusser spent one year at the Art Center School in Los Angeles. He stated the reason he attended that school was that he wanted to try something that was different from the Bauhaus to get another kind of experience. He said that the war did not change or affect his art and that he simply picked up where he left off. After a year studying art in Los Angeles, Preusser returned to Houston. He quickly took teaching positions at the Museum of Fine Arts school, the University of Houston, the Port Arthur Art Association (summer), and the Houston Jewish Community Center (summer), besides competing and winning in local, regional, and national juried competitions.
In 1948, Robert Preusser, Walter Furmer, Alvin Romansky, Karl Kamrath, Buck Schwietz, and Robert Strauss founded the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston. Preusser served as the co-director of the museum. It is in both Preusser's education, as well as museum activities, that his dedication to New Bauhaus principals became the most evident. Preusser's own art was not identifiably New Bauhaus since much of Preusser's style was self directed rather than imitated from his teachers or mentors. Preusser became an evangelist of sorts for modern art in Houston, bringing the modern aesthetic to the general population via the newly formed Contemporary Arts Museum, as well as extolling the modern aesthetic via his teaching activities with university students, aspiring painters and even hobbyists.
Preusser was very involved in the exhibitions at the Contemporary Arts Museum. He made sure that the programming and exhibitions not only showcased "pure art," but also industrial design, architecture, machine design, photography, as well as other "applied arts." In fact, in this manner Preusser realized one of Walter Gropius primary objectives of bringing together the various arts of painting, architecture, theatre, photography, etc., into a modern synthesis that disregards conventional distinctions between fine art and applied arts.
In 1949, upon the death of the New Bauhaus' founder, Lazlo Moholy-Nagy, Robert Preusser formally introduced the New Bauhaus and his mentor Moholy-Nagy to Houston, Texas with a retrospective memorial exhibition. In the true Bauhaus tradition paintings, photographs (Moholy –Nagy was also an accomplished photographer) industrial design, furniture, and architecture; fine as well as applied arts were part of the exhibition.
In 1954, at the urging of György Kepes, one his former teachers at the New Bauhaus, Preusser accepted a temporary teaching assignment at the MIT School of Architecture. This "temporary" one-year position evolved into a 31-year career as a tenured professor of architecture in the field of visual design, color theory, and lighting. As the art department grew, Preusser generally pushed for adding instructors with Bauhaus training. When there were attempts to move the MIT art department to the School of Humanities from the School of Architecture, Preusser along with his friend Kepes vigorously opposed the move. Preusser's view of art education at MIT was aligned exactly with Walter Gropius that "the final goal of all artistic activity is architecture."
It is now easier to spot the seeming contradiction in Robert Preusser's art. As a painter, Preusser was producing "art for art's sake"; pure art not applied art; but in his teaching career at MIT Preusser was dedicated to teaching applied art and architecture. Listed below are some representative of some of the research titles and seminars Robert Preusser gave during his tenure as a professor of Architecture at MIT:
They include topics such as:
"Color in Architecture", 1960 Producers Council, Boston Chapter "Lighting in Church Architecture," 1962; New England Conference on Church Architecture "New Approaches in Art Education," Witte Museum San Antonio, 1964; "Science, Technology and Art," Houston Art League, 1967; "Creative Arts in Education," University of Texas, 1964; "Science, Engineering and Creativity in Art," University of Surry England, 1969; "Technology Invades the Arts," IBM Corporation, 1968." Preusser's role as a professor of Architecture was dedicated to the applied arts. Preusser's classes at MIT used a novel technique to teach art to technical students. The students were generally science, engineering, or architecture students. Preusser realized that the traditional approach of teaching art (composition, life drawing, etc.) would not work well. The student would spend their entire semester learning the basics of drawing, and would never advance far enough to be beneficial to their technical studies. So Robert Preusser did something radical. He put the technical students directly into a lab and tasked them with experiments using their own discipline to produce art. So a chemical engineer might create something involving crystal growth, a mechanical engineer might use motors to develop kinetic forms, a computer engineer might write a program that produced a geometric design, and an architectural student might complete a lighting design for a building.
Preusser's classroom was more of a lab. His students were encouraged to experiment and discover for themselves. Preusser used this same approach in his own studio. He became an experimentalist. He rarely used only oil paint or watercolor. Preusser was now starting to include space-age and engineered materials in his art. Plastic paint, aluminum paint, industrial adhesives, polyurethane foams, glass beads, sand, and industrial abrasives were all incorporated in his own art. The paintings in this exhibition include many of these materials and media.
Unfortunately, like Madam Curie the famous chemist, Preusser was poisoned by his own experimentation. In 1983 he went to reorder his polyurethane resin for his polyurethane reliefs (there are two polyurethane reliefs in this show), and his supplier said they could no longer sell the material to him. When he asked for a reason, the supplier told him that they could not give him a reason, but that he could no longer purchase it from them. It was at that point that Preusser realized the polyurethane was likely a real health hazard. A few years later, Robert Preusser's pulmonary condition and health had deteriorated to the point that his artistic production had virtually ceased. There were a few late paintings that had already been started that the artist was able to complete after 1985, and a few more produced by 1990 two years before his death.
MIT held a Robert Preusser retrospective in 1990. In preparing for his retrospective Preusser reckoned from archival photographs he took of his paintings, sales records, and from his personal inventory he produced about 800 quality paintings and drawings over a 60 year career. Preusser lamented a bit that 800 was a fairly small number for lifetime production compared to many other artists, but that number did not reflect his teaching activities. As a teacher there were many years where his artistic production was only during the summer. Preusser reflected on his retrospective, and when asked if he was pleased with his lifetime career in art as both a painter and teacher, he said that he was very pleased with his work. He found it an amazing experience to see them all displayed in retrospect. Preusser noted that even he was a somewhat surprised with the diversity of his work over the whole of his career.
In reflecting over great diversity of his artistic output Preusser remarked:
"That's right, that's right, yes. And I think less of a consistency as many artists have had. I have never striven to be identified with one form of abstraction, for example. During my Chicago years and after, for a while, I had been very much influenced by Moholy-Nagy and the Bauhaus approach, and I had very geometric forms. And I'm proud of that period because it was something I did on my own. I was not influenced there." …."But by and large, I think what the "Art News Review" says, I concur, and that is that I was a painter that did not adhere — adhered to my own call and not to trends."
It is clear that the Bauhaus philosophies guided Robert Preusser's entire career from 1939 onwards, and he adhered to those principals from the age of twenty until his death. Robert Preusser was fully committed to Bauhaus design principals, but his painting style was an invention all his own and completely original. He espoused the highest ideals of Modernism and was truly an innovator in both his fine art and his approach to art education.
"The Bauhaus does not aim at the education of geniuses or even 'free artists' in the old sense. There are too many 'free artists' in the world: they are often minor talents with minor problems and without the possibility of ever making a living. The Bauhaus does not want to add to their number. As members of human society the Bauhaus students must learn to face practical as well as spiritual problems. If, however, by taking in all the practical and spiritual material offered to them during their training, some of the Bauhaus students develop into 'free' artists, the school certainly will be glad. This will be their own personal achievement. But as long as they are in the Bauhaus, they must see themselves as designers and craftsmen who will make a living by furnishing the community with new ideas and useful products."
László Moholy-Nagy, Vision in Motion, 1947 posthumous publication.
Sources askART biography of Robert Preusser The Tech Online Edition (MIT newspaper) Obituary for Robert Preusser MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections – Robert Ormerod Preusser Papers "The Bauhaus People, Places, Products & Philosophy," Chris Snider "Contemporary Arts Museum" Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) "Curriculum/Philosophy of the New Bauhaus," Caeley Harihara "Meet a Leading Evangelist in the Movement to Introduce Modern Art to America," Jed Perl "Robert Preusser Oral History Interview," Smithsonian Institution
Essay by: Larry Boettigheimer


Whether you met one of our associates at an event or demo, found us on social media or through an online job forum, we're glad you're here.
If you're considering working as a promotional associate or brand ambassador, chances are..
– You're a people person, and love being the center of attention.
– You're excited at the prospect of representing well-known brands in a variety of industries.
– Variety is the spice of life for you. You love the fact that no two days are alike – different accounts on different days, maybe even on the same day? No problem!
– You understand that the job includes completing and submitting post event recaps and photos.
If so, we are always looking to add professional and reliable talent to our team. Create a profile in our Agency Pro Database and we will be in touch to get you started!
Join the Prestige Promotion Team now!


Demand for housing is intense for the NBA AllStar Game, the biggest sporting event in Charlotte's history that's expected to draw 150,000 visitors to the city. Many residents are looking to take advantage of the demand by renting their homes or apartments out over the weekend to make some extra cash.
With many hotels filled to capacity, thousands of visitors need a place to stay. They're visiting for the game itself and also for the dozens of fan activities, parties and other NBA events throughout the weekend.
The All-Star weekend, in fact, is expected to be the busiest weekend ever in Charlotte for Airbnb, the short-term home rental service.
Airbnb estimates 3,400 guest arrivals during the All-Star weekend Feb. 15-17, the most that the company has ever seen over a one-weekend stretch in Charlotte. Hosts here are expected to make a combined income of $ 720,000, Airbnb spokesman Ben Breit said in an email.
The typical host in Charlotte over the All-Star Game weekend will make $370, Breit said. In determining those figures, Airbnb looked at rentals just inside Charlotte's city limits, not in the suburbs.
The NBA contracted about 32,000 hotel rooms for the event from Feb. 7 to Feb. 15. Uptown has only 5,700 rooms, so over- flow is expected well outside the city center.
"We just see particular value from our platform during these types of major events that cause hotels to reach peak capacity," Breit said in an email.
Lejena Wynn is leasing two properties over the All-Star weekend. Her two-bedroom townhome near Villa Heights, roughly 2.5 miles from the Spectrum Center, is going for $400 per night over the All-Star Game weekend, for instance. Over the course of two nights, and including the cost of cleaning, a service fee and occupancy taxes and fees, the total comes to $960.
The following weekend, Feb. 22-24, however, it's about half that price ($160 per night, and $482 for the weekend).
"We have been doing Airbnb for three years and are Super Hosts and love people. That's why we are doing this," Wynn said of renting her home.
Prices get even steeper the closer you get to the arena, where the NBA will host a number of events over the weekend, including the Rising Stars game on Feb. 15, the AllStar Saturday Night events Feb. 16 and the All-Star Game on Feb. 17.
A one-bedroom highrise apartment near Romare Bearden Park will cost $800 per night, or $2,015 for the the weekend, with taxes and fees included.
For first-time Airbnb hosts, the Better Business Bureau is cautioning against scammers.
Tom Bartholomy, CEO of the BBB of Southern Piedmont and Western North Carolina, said that the bureau received notices of a type of fraud called "overpayment scams" by Airbnb renters during the Democratic National Convention in 2012.
When that happens, a renter/fraudster will pay in advance for the duration of their stay, often with a cashier's or other type of check. They'll then contact the host again saying they sent too much money, and request that it be wired back after the host deposits the check. The host complies, only to find that the check has bounced, and that he or she has been scammed.
The BBB also advises hosts to keep their valuables in a double deadbolt locked closet for security.
VRBO is another vacation home rental marketplace. The company has rentals available in Charlotte over All-Star Game but would not share data on the weekend because it's in a quiet week before its parent company, HomeAway, reports its quarterly earnings.
Heightened Airbnb demand is typical when a large-scale event comes to town.
Forbes reported last month that average Airbnb hosts in Atlanta stood to make about $690 from Jan. 27 to Feb. 3 for Super Bowl LIII. Airbnb hosts welcomed an estimated 9,200 guests from 59 countries and 49 states, according to Forbes.
Short-term rentals are popular throughout North Carolina as a way to generate supplemental income.
According to an Airbnb report last year, North Carolina residents who rented out their homes on the site made $97 million in 2017. Rentals were the most in demand in Asheville, where hosts earned almost $20 million. In Charlotte, hosts made $8.7 million, and in Raleigh, they made $3.8 million.
Cherry Treesort is a private 26 acre farm with 4 treehouses available to rent just outside of Charlotte.


text:
Abortion Info
TEXT: 515-369-2244 CALL: 515-440-2273
Maybe you don't have the time to come in for an in-person visit. We understand. Sometimes life gets busy, but … Continued
Can Women Die if They Can't Have an Abortion?
The topic of abortion can be a little confusing to understand at times, especially considering all the heightened fears and … Continued
What Are the Side Effects of the Abortion Pill?
"Simply take a pill, and everything will be fixed." This may be one of the many thoughts running through your … Continued
What Are the Risks of Ordering the Abortion Pill Online?
The FDA has established guidelines to protect women, and they note obtaining the abortion pill online could be detrimental to … Continued
What are the Risks of the Abortion Pill?
If you are in the early stages of an unexpected pregnancy, you may be looking into a medication abortion, which … Continued
3 Things Needed Before Abortion
If you think you might be pregnant, it's understandable that you may be anxious, mulling over the possibilities and what … Continued
What Are the Signs of an Incomplete Abortion?
Common signs of an incomplete abortion include moderate to severe vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. It's important to contact your … Continued
What Are the Mental Health Effects of Abortion?
Everyone has a different ability to handle certain emotional experiences. When it comes to abortion, some women feel nothing but liberation and relief. But for many women, having an abortion is a serious and traumatic experience.
What Are The Different Types of Abortion?
The two types of abortion are medication (or medical) and surgical. How far along a pregnancy is (gestational age) determines the abortion method performed.
"This is an amazing facility with a caring staff."
"My nurse was so helpful and made the process less stressful."
"Great care provided to me and my partner today!"
"I felt very comfortable given my situation."
"The people are supportive and amazing. Whatever your decision when you get pregnant, you have options and they will support and walk you through every step of the way."
"The clinic has a comfortable, family room atmosphere. The staff is pleasant and ready to answer any questions you have."
"Our nurse was awesome; we appreciated all her help and knowledge and for assisting us today."
"This place was extremely kind and helpful as soon as I came in the door."
"This was my first time here and I'm happy with the way I was treated and comforted. I was treated with respect and had no pressure on me nor felt judged. It's a great place here."
"Everyone was super helpful and friendly."
"I really needed a good person to help me through this today. Thank you for being so kind."
"Everyone was so nice and easy to talk to. I'm happy I found this place."
"Friendly staff. Amazing care."
"The customer service here was really good. Made me feel extremely comfortable with the staff today."
"Nurse treated me with utmost respect and answered all my questions."
"I was made to feel comfortable and all my questions were answered and I was educated about my health situation."
"Very professional and friendly."
"This was a wonderful team, thank you!"
"Very professional and knowledgeable."
"Amazing services!"
"I loved how easy it was to open up and talk about my situation."
"Loved the service I received. Everyone I encountered treated me kindly."
"I loved how welcoming the place is, they make sure you are comfortable and happy."
"Staff was phenomenal."
"My nurse was really knowledgeable and nice! She put my fears at ease."
"This is the nicest place I have ever been."
"This was an amazingly supportive experience!"
"Excellent customer service. They let you know all your options and don't pressure you to make a decision one way or another, just what was best for me."
"I highly recommend to anyone to come here as they are safe, and make you feel okay to share your situation. This is all around an excellent place."
InnerVisions HealthCare West:
1355 50th Street, Suite 400
West Des Moines, Iowa 50266
[ Get Directions ]
Scheduler@innervisionshealthcare.org
InnerVisions Healthcare South:
500 Army Post Road, Suite 100
Monday: 9 AM - 8PM (West Clinic)
Tuesday: 9AM-5PM (South Clinic)
Wednesday: 9AM-8PM (South Clinic)
Thursday: 9 AM - 8 PM (West)
9AM-1PM (South)
Friday: 9AM-5PM (South Clinic)
Innervisions Healthcare does not perform or refer for abortions.
Copyright © 2023 InnerVisions Healthcare . All rights reserved.


Here are the Vote for the Cheat "Cheat for recruit all with rocket launcher". Vote it for the Cheat-GTA.com Top-Ten! Just click a star and press submit.
No comments found for "Cheat for recruit all with rocket launcher" on www.cheat-gta.com. Just add a comment. With * marked fields are required for a comment to Cheat for recruit all with rocket launcher.
Cheat for recruit all with rocket launcher isnt the correct gta cheat code you are looking for?


text:
Kingdom Hearts (PS2) PAL platinum
Code: SCES-50967-P
Release Date: 15.11.2002. Kingdom Hearts is the first project from Squaresoft and Disney Interactive. This revolutionary relationship has created an entirely new genre of game--an action RPG that combines classic Disney characters and world...
Genre Action RPG
Popular Series Disney
Kingdom Hearts is the first project from Squaresoft and Disney Interactive. This revolutionary relationship has created an entirely new genre of game--an action RPG that combines classic Disney characters and worlds with new elements created in the renowned Squaresoft style. Kingdom Hearts tells the story of Sora, a 14 year old boy whose world is shattered when a violent storm hits his island home. The storm separates Sora from his friends, Riku and Kairi, and they are scattered to strange and unknown worlds. While searching for his friends, Sora meets Court Wizard Donald and Captain Goofy. They are the protectors of the magical Disney Castle and are on a mission to find King Mickey, who has disappeared in mysterious circumstances. They learn that some sinister creatures--known as The Heartless--are placing all of their worlds under threat. The Heartless are on a mission to recruit Disney villains to help them steal the pure hearts and souls of others. Now Sora must join forces with Donald, Goofy and many more Disney heroes to fight The Heartless and end their reign of tyranny. But his path will not be easy, and before he is able to return home, he will be forced to make the hardest decision of his life... Kingdom Hearts is an epic tale of adventure, heroism and, ultimately, sacrifice. Squaresoft and Disney invite players to embark on a fantastic journey, explore strange and familiar worlds, meet old and new friends, and make amazing discoveries at every turn.
LittleBigPlanet 2 (PS3)
Metal Gear Acid (PSP)
Horizon Zero Dawn Limited Edition (PS4)
3,000грн
Yakuza 4 SteelBook
Rayman Origins (PS3)
Rayman 10th Anniversary 3 Title Pack Limited Editi..


text:
churches give evidence about the equality bill
on Wednesday, 10 June 2009 at 2.08 pm by Simon Sarmiento
categorised as Church of England, equality legislation
The House of Commons committee continued its hearings on the Equality Bill yesterday.
The first session of the day (third session in total so far) heard first from the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church among others. You can read a complete transcript of the proceedings, starting at this page. This part of the session continues for four pages.
Update More user-friendly link to the transcript from TheyWorkForYou here.
The session continued with a second group of witnesses, from business and trade union organisations.
Later in the day, a further session was held, which can be followed from here. And the user-friendly link from TheyWorkForYou is here.
I will have my own comments in a while about the first part of the first session of the day, at which I was present.
There was no written statement from the Church of England. The written statement from the Roman Catholic bishops has been linked previously, and is here.
If I read the commiteee proceedings properly, with regard to the C of E and RC Church, in cases where being a practising member of a particular religion is a genuine occupational requirement, partnered gay people (who knows whether they are sexually active or not?) are not qualified: i.e., they are not really Anglican or RC.
It sounds like a whole lot of people just got virtually excommunicated — whether or not they ever apply for such jobs….
Fr Mark
William Fittall said: "The distinction that is drawn in most employment situations between private life and the workplace does not hold where people have a representational, pastoral or teaching role." Oh dear, we have to move on from a situation where church representatives talk like this. It wasn't many decades ago that schools, the civil service, the armed forces and many other employers all saw themselves as having the right to pry into their employees' private lives – all, no doubt, on grounds which they would have justified similarly to William Fittall. However, that way of viewing things has changed… Read more »
drdanfee
Thanks for exposure to this process. I especially like reading through the views of such a diverse panel. My general sense of it combines three themes. One theme is that it is hard to legislate fair behavior, period, if/when people feel they have very good religious or cultural reasons for unfair behavior. This seems to hold right across the boards, no matter whether we are looking at sexual orientation, disability, age, gender, or other targeted classes/clusters. In this regard, I read the Roman Catholics and the CoE mainly still wanting to eat their unfair discrimination behavior cake, and have it… Read more »
PeterTheWomble
I can't quite understand how this issue of a right to a private life is relevant. If it is a right to not answer the telephone when it rings during Eastenders, then that's one thing, but a right to behave in a way which is inconsistent with Godly living is something that no Christian has.
This is all just symptomatic of the muddle that the church has got itself in to because of the fundamental differences in opinion over issues of sexuality.
The term Anglican Communion seems to be a wonderful oxymoron.
Will the Equality Bill Committee be hearing from those who are LGBT people of faith? Yet again, it appears that there is little integration of the issues with Ben Summerskill of Stonewall quoted as speaking on the 'sexual orientation' side but no expertise to speak as a person of faith. William Fittall and Richard Kornicki, the latter also Chairperson of the highly partisan Thomas More Legal Centre which has led the campaign against same-sex adoption and Catholic agencies, speak for religious institutions, but not for LGBT members of those faith communities. It is hard to see how Kornicki can affirm… Read more »
There is another dimension to all of this Church politicking – that of the are of so-called *Spiritual Direction*. Most spiritual directors I know of who have been trained in New Zealand are called to exercise a special discretion towards directees who happen to be L,G, B, or T. Presumably the Church of England will not have to issue a directive to Anglican S.D.s forbidding them to give positive 'direction' to LGBT people who are practising Christians? If this were the case, then that may just be the end of this helpful process in the lives of both S.D.s and… Read more »
Peter the womble: "I can't quite understand how this issue of a right to a private life is relevant…. a right to behave in a way which is inconsistent with Godly living is something that no Christian has." You make it sound a very cut-and-dried matter to decide what is or isn't godly, whereas I think that a pastoral attitude tends not to put things in such stark terms. We all fall short in all sorts of ways, yes, even married heterosexuals do. The issue is whether putting cameras in people's bedrooms is a really sane or feasible way for… Read more »
Fr Mark, I did not mean to come across in quite such a harsh manner re Godly living, if it came 'naturally' for us to live as God wants us to we'd all be in a very different situation. And as a married heterosexual I am exceedingly aware of the many ways in which I fall short in many areas of my life. The point I was trying to get at was that we should aim to be no different in private than we are in public, and the term 'right to a private life' seems (to me at least)… Read more »
The right to privacy is often enshrined in law, as in the Irish constitution. Sexuality is one sphere in which what is glorious in private can be tawdry and disgusting when made public. Indeed one wonders what people mean by "godly" sexuality. D H Lawrence had his views on this, which may be closer to the Gospel than the intrinsically hypocritical puritan ethos that has such a long innings in Christian tradition.


text:
Q: Unknown column in where clause of subquery-of-subquery I am calculating the average of 5 last process execution, for that I am using a subquery since limit clause will calculate the average of all executions and not only 5. My problem is that in my subquery I have an unknown column error on the where clause.
Should I use join instead of subqueries? How can I achieve that?
SELECT s.id, s.name,ssch.name,s.refresh_delay,
(SELECT MAX(start_time) FROM runs    WHERE sp_id = s.id) AS    last_run_started,
(SELECT MAX(start_time) FROM runs WHERE sp_id = s.id AND sp_run_status_id = 27  AND confidence_level >= 90 AND manual_approval_id IN (0,1)) AS last_run_accepted,
(SELECT last_run_started + INTERVAL 15 MINUTE) AS dwt,
(SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(AVG(TIME_TO_SEC(times.completion_time) - TIME_TO_SEC(times.start_time))) AS tw FROM
(SELECT completion_time, start_time FROM runs **WHERE  sp_id = s.id** LIMIT 5) times) tw
  FROM spouses s
LEFT JOIN `time_zones` tz ON tz.`id` = `time_zone_id`

A: This is your query, simplified to show only the important part for the question:
SELECT s.id, s.name, ssch.name, s.refresh_delay,
       (SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(AVG(TIME_TO_SEC(times.completion_time) -TIME_TO_SEC(times.start_time))) AS tw
        FROM (SELECT completion_time, start_time
              FROM runs
              **WHERE  sp_id = s.id**
              LIMIT 5
             ) times
       ) tw
FROM spouses s LEFT JOIN
     `time_zones` tz
     ON tz.`id` = `time_zone_id`;

Two issues with this logic:

*

*(The most important) MySQL does not support correlation clauses in nested sub-sub queries.  That is, the correlation clause can refer to the outer query, but not to an outer-outer query.

*Second, using limit without order by is suspect.

One way is to do the aggregation as a subquery in the FROM clause, using variables to enumerate the rows for each sp_id:
SELECT s.id, s.name, ssch.name, s.refresh_delay,
       t.tw
FROM spouses s LEFT JOIN
     `time_zones` tz
     ON tz.`id` = `time_zone_id` LEFT JOIN
     (SELECT sp_id, SEC_TO_TIME(AVG(TIME_TO_SEC(times.completion_time) -TIME_TO_SEC(times.start_time))) AS tw
      FROM (SELECT sp_id, completion_time, start_time,
                   (@rn := if(@spid = sp_id, @rn + 1,
                              if(@spid := sp_id, 1, 1)
                             )
                   ) as seqnum
            FROM runs r CROSS JOIN
                 (SELECT @spid := 0, @rn := 0) params
            ORDER BY sp_id, start_time desc
           ) times
      WHERE seqnum <= 5
      GROUP BY sp_id
     ) t
     ON t.sp_id = s.id