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« "Same Fringe" Revisited
Computer Security Breaches Are Preventable »
Within a single address-space, the capability-security properties of actor references are guaranteed by the actor run-time. Memory-safe implementations of actor languages ensure that actor references cannot be forged. Having a reference to an actor means you have permission to send it a message. A single machine may host multiple independent actor address-spaces, each of which is a separate actor configuration. This is what Tristan Slominski calls the Memory Realm.
We would like actors to communicate and collaborate across configurations. When a local actor within a configuration must be referenced from another configuration, we call that actor a receptionist. From the perspective of each referencing configuration, this is an external actor [1]. In order to support references that span across multiple configuration address-spaces, we need a new kind of designation. We substitute unguessability for unforgeability and assign a randomly chosen swiss number (as Mark Miller et. al. called it) to each receptionist [2]. We choose this number from a large enough pool that we can be confident that the designation uniquely identifies a single actor without collisions. This gives us a single virtual address-space for all actor references, so we can extend our definition of equal globally [3]. If two designations are equal, they must designate the same actor [4]. Tristan Slominski calls this the Trusted Realm.
Proxies and Stubs
An actor becomes a receptionist when a reference to it is exported from its host configuration. At that point, a stub is created that can deliver messages to the actor. The stub is not visible from inside the configuration. It exists only to represent the receptionist outside the configuration.
When an actor reference is imported into another configuration, a proxy is created that represents the external actor. The proxy is visible from inside the configuration. In fact, it is indistinguishable from a local actor. It exists to translate messages into a form that can be transported to the remote configuration hosting the target actor.
Figure 1 – Initial Configuration
Figure 1 shows an initial actor configuration where Alice has references to Bob and Carol. The reference to Carol is simply a direct reference to a local actor. The reference to Bob begins with a proxy, in Configuration X, representing Bob as an external actor. The proxy, in turn, uses the globally-unique virtual address of Bob to transport messages across a private connection between configurations. The stub for Bob, on Configuration Y, has a direct reference for delivering messages to Bob.
Figure 2 – Alice Sends A Message
In Figure 2 Alice is sending a message to introduce Carol to Bob. From Alice's perspective, this is no different than sending a message to the local actor Carol. As usual, all actor messages are asynchronous and travel over one-way references, so a delay in delivering Alice's message does not change the semantics. Note also the very real possibility that messages may arrive in a different order than they are sent (or not at all). This is simply the nature of physical communication.
Figure 3 – Stub Created
In Figure 3 the proxy for Bob translates the message (a reference to Carol) into a serialized format for transport between configurations. This is usually called "marshalling". In the process, Carol becomes a receptionist, so Configuration X creates a stub for Carol. The marshalled message contains a reference to this stub. Note that Alice is not a receptionist. Since there are (currently) no external references to Alice, no stub is required.
Figure 4 – Proxy Created
In Figure 4 the stub for Bob receives the marshalled message containing the virtual address of Carol. Since Carol was not previously known, Configuration Y creates a proxy to represent Carol locally. The message is unmarshalled (or deserialized), translating Carol's virtual address into a reference to this proxy. The resulting message is delivered to Bob.
And thus the connectivity graph of actors grows by successive introductions. Proxies for external actors and stubs for receptionists are created by configurations as needed to support the evolving topology. Each actor sees only its collection of opaque actor references, each representing the capability to send asynchronous messages to the designated actor. The tart-marshal project demonstrates a working example of this scheme implemented in NodeJS.
Beyond the Circle of Trust
We would like actor configurations to be able to safely collaborate without assuming that they trust each other, or the network connecting them. Since actor designation implies access authorization, we must take steps to protect the designations from intermediaries (like the network/routing system components) which have no need-to-know the designation. This is what Tristan Slominski calls the Public Realm.
In order to communicate securely across untrusted channels, we wrap each message in an opaque envelope (securing the contents) and place a label on the outside which provides routing information for the target actor. The routing information does not, by itself, provide authorization to send a message to the target. It must be combined with authorization to open the envelope in order to deliver the message [5].
Each actor configuration creates a public/private key-pair \(\langle e, d \rangle\) to allow encryption and decryption of messages. This is operationally equivalent to a matched pair of seal and unseal functions [6]. The payload \(p\) can only be read if you hold the decryption (private) key.
p = d(e(p))
A secure sturdy-reference to a receptionist consists of the encryption (public) key of the host configuration and the swiss number of the actor \(\langle e, a \rangle\). This information is sufficient to designate, and therefore authorize access to, a unique actor. A sender will use \(e\) to seal an envelope containing the target actor reference and the message.
s = e(\langle\langle e, a \rangle, m\rangle)
However, we do not trust the network/routing system with \(e\). The label on the sealed envelope is a cryptographic hash of the encryption key \(r = h(e)\) so the network only sees \(\langle r, s \rangle\). This means that the network must be able to route the sealed envelope \(s\) using only the routing hint \(r\). The envelope can only be unsealed by the appropriate decryption key (held privately by the target configuration), and the routing hint can not be used to reveal the encryption key.
When the sealed envelope is presented to the host-configuration designated by the routing hint, the configuration uses the decryption (private) key \(d\) to recover the contents of the envelope, which will be the target actor reference and the message.
\langle\langle e, a \rangle, m\rangle = d(s)
If the envelope can be opened, we can be certain that it was destined for the receiving configuration. The sender is assured that the message can only be read by the designated recipient. No one who observes the message in transit \(\langle r, s \rangle\) will be able to use this information to send an unsolicited message, nor will they be able to tamper with the original message without detection. All receptionist references are protected from exposure, including the target actor and any designations contained in the message itself.
Principle of Least Authority
Authority should be provided only on a need-to-do basis. Each component in a system should be given no more power (or knowledge) than it requires to perform its designated function. This is easier to accomplish when there is good separation-of-concerns among components.
The network/routing system is responsible for transporting opaque (encrypted) blobs to their proper destination. To accomplish this, each configurations is given a unique designation. However, that designation does not confer the authority to send an arbitrary message, only to deliver a blob to a host. The network/routing system maintains mappings from configuration designations (called routing hints above), to network endpoints which host configurations. This implies that the unit of mobility is the configuration, rather than the actor. A configuration may persist across host restarts, or even move among host machines.
Each configuration is responsible for authenticating inbound messages and delivering them to the designated receptionist actors. Blobs that cannot be authenticated (by decryption) are not delivered. They are also responsible for maintaining the encryption keys needed to secure outbound messages for configurations hosting external actors, and giving the resulting labelled envelopes to the network/routing system.
Actors are responsible for performing computations based on asynchronous messages they receive. External actors, receptionists, and internal actors are all designated by unforgeable references. Actors are never exposed to the external representations of their references. The directed-graph of actor references places an upper bound on the authority available to each actor (potentially attenuated by the behavior of intervening actors).
Actors can directly implement Object Capability Security (ocaps). This provides a strong basis for reasoning about distributed security properties. Using these reusable mechanisms, we can design secure protocols among mutually suspicious participants [7]. Each component of the system is given only the authority required to accomplish its design goals. Security is achieved by controlling access to powerful objects, represented as actor references.
G. Agha , I. Mason , S. Smith , C. Talcott. Towards a Theory of Actor Computation. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Concurrency Theory pp.565-579. August 1992.
M. Miller. Cryptographic Capabilities. Capabilities As A Cryptographic Protocol, Retrieved 2017-02-07.
H. Baker. Equal Rights for Functional Objects or, The More Things Change, The More They Are the Same. ACM OOPS Messenger 4(4):2-27. October 1993.
M. Miller. The Grant Matcher Puzzle, Retrieved 2017-02-07.
M. Miller. Rights Amplification. From Objects To Capabilities, Retrieved 2017-02-07.
J. H. Morris. Protection in Programming Languages, Communications of the ACM 16(1):15-21, 1973.
M. Miller, C. Morningstar, B. Frantz. Capability-based Financial Instruments. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Financial Cryptography pp.349-378. Springer-Verlag, Anguila, BWI, February 2000.
This entry was posted on Thursday, February 16th, 2017 at 12:56 pm	and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
One Response to "Distributed Security"
Dale Schumacher December 10th, 2018 at 9:21 am
A very accessible discussion of the Principle Of Least Authority (POLA) and how it could mitigate damage caused by security violations. https://medium.com/agoric/pola-would-have-prevented-the-event-stream-incident-45653ecbda99
« Jan Sep »


ATLANTA – December 20, 2016 – With offices in Zurich and Geneva, CMS Switzerland, one of the country's leading law firms, have selected the Aderant Expert solution to fulfill their need to cover as many processes as possible with one suite of products. In addition to the Expert core solution, CMS will also be adopting additional Aderant applications, including FoundTime for increased efficiency, Collections for accounts receivable, and Spotlight for enhanced business analytics.
When CMS partner Alain Raemy sought a solution for the firm's needs, in addition to the single suite of products element, he expressed the need for a modern architecture and appealing user interface. Perhaps the largest emphasis was wanting a robust partner that would ensure constant development of the software. "At the end, Aderant were preferred because the functionalities of Expert are more thought through," said Raemy.


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Q: "Unexpected error from external database driver (1)." I have .xlsx file with 27,000 rows. When executing the SSIS package on the server I get the above error. I have tried running the package in 32-bit mode, it did not work. Microsoft does not have a good explanation. I have installed access driver on my machine and on the server.

A: Assuming that you tried running in 32-bit, and you downloaded Access Database Engine and the issue is not solved
This is caused by a windows security update, this is noticed in the Microsoft Support article, also they provided patches link.
There is a similar question on MSDN about this issue, read the accepted answers:

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*Unexpected error from external database driver (1)

Side Note: Try opening the Excel and saving it as new Excel workbook to ensure that the excel is not damaged

A: Remove the Ace Oledb driver 10 and install Ace 2016 version .The Security patch Microsoft provided in October 2017 is causing this issue. Test your SSIS package locally ,if everything is fine install Ace 2016 version on your server .
Here is the download link:

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*Microsoft Access Database Engine 2016 Redistributable

A: This issue is caused if the Excel file is in Read-Only mode. Changing the Read-Only mode will fix the issue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Facebook has banned the sale of copyright infringing devices
Samuel OToole
Facebook's Commerce Policy has been updated and now includes a restriction on "products or items" that allow for unauthorized access to digital media.
Amazon has also recently changed its terms and conditions to ban the sale of copyright infringing devices. It has stated "Products offered for sale on Amazon should not promote, suggest the facilitation of, or actively enable the infringement of or unauthorized access to digital media or other protected content," However, a quick search on the website and they are still readily available.
Facebook's updated Commerce Policy states "Items, products or services sold on Facebook must comply with our Community Standards, as well as the Commerce Polices. Sale of the following is prohibited". Rule 13 goes on to state "Products or items that facilitate or encourage unauthorised access to digital media". This new rule clearly seems to have so called Kodi boxes in its sights.
Kieron Sharp, Federation Against Copyright Theft chief, has already welcomed the move by Facebook. He went on to say "It is great to see Facebook follow the likes of Amazon and eBay in making changes to their policies to prohibit the sale of illicit streaming devices on their platforms,"
The European Court of Justice, in April, confirmed that it is illegal to sell piracy-configured media players, and that users that stream infringing content to their homes are also breaking the law.
If you'd like to know more about this article please send an email to Michael Coyle quoting the article title and any questions you might have, alternatively call the office number on 02380 235 979 or send an enquiry through our contact form.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


auto dim welding helmet - is this normal?
Re: auto dim welding helmet - is this normal?
i wouldn't trust any of those cheap ones. looks too much like restickered hardbor frieght's vision killers.
cool. id rather use a gold plated flip down tho. costs about the same to run, looks great under the hood.
pretty much if your wearing safety glasses that are worth anything they will protect you from the damaging rays. it just hurts from the sheer amount of light.
Quick Reply: auto dim welding helmet - is this normal?


Some will say that what I'm talking about here doesn't exist in their life. They've evolved out of it or never felt it, never thought like this, nor associate with people like this. They may say that anyone who thinks like this or knows people like this, brings it upon themselves for being in such a circle of mentality.
They won't need this post.
But I'm going to be honest here, and talk about two things that exist in the world, jealousy and insecurity. We see something, we want it -- it's not a nice feeling. It's close to either anger or depression, depending on how you react to it. It's easy to be happy for someone when good things happen to them if you like them and they're your friend, but if it's someone you don't know or if it's more of someTHING that you wish for yourself or your family, that could make it harder to high five that universe that's smiling on this person right now.
Why is there jealousy? Years ago, during a Sociology 101 class in college, our professor told us there is a biological need filled by every human behavior. When we studied jealousy, envy, coveting, what we learned made sense. Our textbook explained that in cave-dwelling primitive times, physical assessment and determination by others about others, was necessary to weed out any threats to our well-being and survival. We had to guard our offspring, make sure we populated. We had no Whole Foods to run to for our mastodon meat and we needed to fiercely keep our meat provider for ourselves. We had to watch and guard and whatever else we needed to do so that we could stay alive and multiply.
If another person was considered a threat to this, our brain put us on high alert. Guard guard guard! The possibility of losing our life partner was everything. When a woman needed a man to bring down a mammoth to feed her children, she had to watch out for any risk. When a man could lose the caretaker of his children or the source of his offspring, it was a threat to his lineage. All so Paleolithic and club-thumping, I know.
But that was jealousy's purpose: protection. Do we still need jealousy now? We still have it. Jealousy for some is closely tied to insecurity, painfully making them question their abilities. For others, it runs along the same vein as loss of social position, no longer being Top #1 and tumbling down out of choice offers and status. Then there is the straight out covet. We want it, prizes, awards, looks, money, status, title, accolades, power, IT. Do we still need to feel envy? Because it's there, rearing its head, instinctively.
Is our biological evolution flawed in this area?
With awareness, can we change the instincts that fly to our brains faster than our ability to talk it through. Rather than being scared or sinking low because our minds tell us someone is better, we can reprogram that millions-of-years-old behavior and wipe out that message that shouts threat threat threat.
If we all aspire, do the work and put in the time, then we can't help but get better at anything we do. I know that for some, that thought provides little comfort – the fall back is to resist change, because change is work, and look how easy it is to be led by trigger emotions and blame it on circumstance, situation, other people. Unfairness. Even if it is true.
If you've made it this far in this post, let me take the words out of your mouth, What the heck brought this on? I'm writing this for myself as much as I'm writing it for anyone reading it. Right now, I'm battling with the insecurity of seeing parents pulling out all the stops for their kids this summer. Caribbean vacations, thousand dollar camps, backyard parties with catered menus, day adventures that run in the hundreds of dollars. I can't do this. Each of my children have their dreams, and the years go by with time shrinking the chance to ever give them what they hope for. The oldest has talked of Hawaii since he was five. After the middlest saw the shores of Sanibel Island on a PBS kids' show, he'd share the exact types of seashells he'd look for. And my youngest, asking for Disneyland, meanwhile, his height inches closer to my 5 foot 5 inch frame. I feel the visceral sting of not being able to set the stage for memories and a childhood that I imagine other children will have, that when compared to the flat memories my mind tricks me into believing will be my children's -- some days, it does me in. My shoulders droop. A not so nice dialogue runs through my head.
I've made a decision, that this instinctive thread of jealousy and insecurity that live on a specific strand of Neanderthal club-wielding DNA is not going to win. As if I haven't evolved in two million years.
I don't have a cave mind and if I need meat, there's a Whole Foods eight minutes away.
I don't believe for a second that your three would trade your joy and love for more sparkle. I know that isn't what you mean, as I feel the tug for a bit more pizazz as well. Love the flower quote! I have to go get some groceries now...candy...lots of candy!
Holy cow. I can't even believe that the thing you are insecure about is the thing that I most admire in you!!! I'm not sure my kids will come home to a huge Happy Graduation sign on our driveway (they enter through the tiny front gate anyway). I'm not sure there will be these amazing helium balloons welcoming them. And the pride - the beautiful beaming pride! That is worth far more than anything material. Waste no more minutes on insecurity, my friend, because you are a HEROINE of a parent to me.
1. You are so dang nice and genuine, I can't help but feel happy for you about the good things you have and share.
2. I remind myself that I could have made different choices. I remind myself that if I really do want some things to be different in my life, I've got choices today and every day in front of me that can shape my future days.
3. I remind myself that everyone--no matter how fortunate they may appear--has had to choose some things over others. None of us get to have it all. And we all have hurt and regrets.
My ex-husband takes our son on a tropical vacation every year. I haven't felt able to afford one of any kind since we divorced. But even in our humdrum, stay-at-home summers, I know I give our child some things his father can't. They aren't visible and I can't really take pictures of them, but I remind myself (often!) that they are probably more important and will last long after his tan has faded.
Oh, Rita, I am so HAPPY I know you. Friend. Thank you!
I battle this daily. It's healthy to admit to feeling a twinge of jealousy and covetousness - so many don't, and resort to anger or the mean "I hate her" reaction when we meet someone who has what we want.
I want everything for my children - everything I can give them and everything that you can give yours and everything that every movie star, Kardashian, and king can give theirs. But it's not love, all this excess. Love is what we give to our kids every day - the care, the time, the simple fulfilling of needs and the listening to their plans. When I take time to consider that, I stop looking at what others have and the jealousy goes away.
That's it, Andrea. Coming clean, confessing, losing the weight of it: it changes the ugly nature. I have what I have... and I give it to them with my whole heart. THANK YOU.
You know what's really funny? I have the money. I can do all those things and more, and I do many of them. Yet, I find myself jealous of the successes you have in writing so openly, deeply and profoundly. I can't do that and be as successful at work. I'm trying, desperately, to grab at bits I can manage along the way, but I can't accomplish all that and keep everything else going too.
I think your kids are going to look back on all of the amazing words you have written for them, and be far more grateful than they would be for the spread you put out at their graduation party.
Thank you, Cheryl. I work at changing my mental dialogue... but I want to give them their dreams. Each one, has their dreams. Thank you!
What a relevant, pervasive and eye-opening post. We are all guilty. The J word. It can eat us alive when our hearts fall out of focus. (I may have to share this post with my youngest son to help shed light on "keeping up with the Joneses," his 16-yr-old tendencies having fallen into that snare).
The flowers. Let's remember the flowers! Love that.
I so feel this way sometimes! I complain to my husband all the time about how I am just not doing things as amazing as I see on the internet. When I think about it though it really is the small simple things that our kids will remember. I really enjoyed this!
I can understand why you would feel this way, but your children have always exuded happiness and confidence. I can't imagine that they would ever trade in their best mom in the world for a chance at some bling and a suitcase in an airplane.


In this compilation, we have combined practical guides and ideas for women's business in small formats and with minimal investment, starting with the types of activities that can be opened at home.
As a rule, women are interested in a business that meets one or several criteria from the set "beautiful, simple, profitable and for the soul". In this compilation, we have compiled guides on the most common types of women's business, and also included several ideas that have become popular in recent years.
Salt caves are a business that is ideal for women. There are several reasons. First, the target audience of the salt rooms are children and families, with whom it is easy for a woman to find a common language. Secondly, this is a very simple and passive business model: the halogenerator does all the work for you, and visitors, in fact, only come and pay you money. Thirdly, it is beautiful. The choice of cave design is a creative and fascinating process. And finally, fourth, salt caves are profitable even in small towns.
It would seem that the new may be in the business of selling cosmetics? But in this direction there are still many niches where small businesses still have where to turn. Cosmetics can be elite and professional, natural and decorative, brand and handmade, medical and homemade, oriental and Arabic, and it can be sold in various formats from catalogs, online stores and islets in the shopping center to large stores.
Among the female population of Russia, the fashion for professional manicure and visiting specialized nail salons is becoming increasingly more established. It is interesting that women are not ready to refuse manicure and other beauty services even during a crisis: according to the VTsIOM survey results, only 1% of women are ready to save money on this.
Manicure business can be opened in various formats: nail bar, manicure room, manicure studio, manicure at home or at a beauty salon. To create your own manicure room you will have enough 300 thousand rubles, which can pay off in 4 months of work.
Trade in freshly squeezed drinks fits perfectly into the trend for a healthy lifestyle, and also perfectly quenches thirst on new items, so a fresh bar is an idea that will definitely be in demand. This business is attractive for its low investment (enough from 350 to 500 thousand rubles), a high level of mark-up on drinks and simple ways to make them.
Selling flowers is a traditionally female type of business. No matter how saturated the market is, you can always stand out. If it's not a trading tent on the market, but at least a small shop or island in a shopping center, then it will take about 200-350 thousand rubles to open, which can be paid back in 4-5 months of work.
Service studio has always been in high demand. Therefore, if you have experience in sewing business and the desire to start a business, feel free to open a studio. The two main services are tailoring and clothing repair. The business is unique in that it can be opened even at home with investments of 80-100 thousand rubles and work in a self-employment format. There are a little more expenses for opening a studio outside the house: 150 thousand rubles may be enough for a start.


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Babilônia Norte – A transmedia project aimed to change a forbidden part of the city.
Brasilia is a city that was built from scratch to be the capital of Brazil, in 1960. The blocks are based on an urbanistic plan model, making them all pretty much the same. Instead of having street names, the addresses are based on a numeric code from 1 to 16 and are divided between Southern Wing and Northern Wing. But, in the middle of the sameness, there is a block that stands out to be different: that's 205/6 Northern, AKA Babilônia Norte. By making a transmedia project, a brand was created for the block, reinforcing its nickname Babilônia Norte and positioning it as an artistic and cultural venue in the city. In short term, the block that usually was seen as an awkward place now is being seen as a space that represents art and culture in the city.
Team: Coletivo Capadócia (Nei Valente, Fred Gallo, Elias Guerra, Renan Montenegro, Pato Sardá)
Click on CC to watch with subtitles in english
Posters making of
Full movie in portuguese only.
Colloquial Digital
Art Direction, Branding, Graphic Design


26+Garage Rental Space Collections: 21 Meilleur De Collection De Rent Lease Agreement Template. 26 California Residential Lease Agreement. 38 Lovely Rent A Center Rental Agreement. Basic Rental Agreement Residential Lease Free Printable. Sample Parking Lease Agreement Rental Agreement Archives Resume.


Next: our robot will wait on hold for GetHuman767996 to get a eBay rep on the line!
Ordene una mika de una Toyota Tacoma **** lado ozquierdo trasero y al llenar la solicitud en linea pedi que fuera enviafo a mi direccion nueva cuyo num. es **** Fort Kings Rd Apt ***, Zephyrhills Fl ***** y la enviaron hacen tres dias a ***** Villa View Circle, Tampa Fl. *****. Esa es mi direccion vieja. Ya no vivo ahi. Y el paquete ya esta pago. Quien me corresponde con la mercancia que mi hijo la estaba esperando para recibirla y no la hemos recibido.
GetHuman767996 did not yet indicate what eBay should do to make this right.
We are waiting for GetHuman767996 to fix the problem and share the solution with the rest of us customers.
See how GetHuman767996 fixes it.


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Q: How to backup a Solr database? I wonder how to backup (dump) a Solr database?
If it is only to copy some files, then please specify which files (filename, location etc).
Thanks

A: Typically, the index is stored in $SOLR_HOME/data.
Back up that entire folder.

A: We use Solr Replication to do our backup.
You can either have a slave that is dedicated to be a backup or use the "backup" command to make a backup on the master (I never used that last method).

A: In Solr 8/9 version solr backup and restore is available via its replication handler.
It will create a snapshot of the data which you can also restore later.
Here in the solr documentation page you can find more useful information:
https://solr.apache.org/guide/8_9/making-and-restoring-backups.html#standalone-mode-backups
So this can be used with new 8/9 version if someone is looking for it.


Clemente could field the ball in New York and throw out a guy in Pennsylvania. He was a great player and deserved a longer life.
And as for words of wisdom, the first she had heard out of him had been a fervent promise never to throw a rock at anyone again, offered after she had paddled his young backside for it.
It is intended that we shall accomplish all, through law, that we can accomplish for ourselves. God gives every bird its food, but does not throw it into the nest. He does not unearth the good that the earth contains, but He puts it in our way, and gives us the means of getting it ourselves.
It was time to be honest with myself. To survive all the shame this world will throw at you, you have to hold yourself tall, look your accuser straight in the eye. Even if it's your own face looking back at you.
I think it is important for all those young out there, who someday hope to play real football, where you throw it and kick it and run with it and put it in your hands, a distinction should be made that football is democratic, capitalism, whereas soccer is a European socialist sport.
I throw myself down in my Chamber, and I call in, and invite God, and his Angels thither, and when they are there, I neglect God and his Angels, for the noise of a fly, for the rattling of a coach, for the whining of a door.
— 1626 Sermon preached at the funeral of Sir William Cockayne, 12 Dec.
Boys throw stones at frogs in fun, but the frogs do not die in fun, but in earnest.
— Variant translation: Boys throw stones at frogs for fun, but the frogs don't die for "fun", but in sober earnest.
I forgot how to throw a boomerang, but then it came back to me.
We must never throw away a bushel of truth because it happens to contain a few grains of chaff.
"You must go home eventually." "I would throw myself off a precipice first, except that I would land in the arms of the gods, Whom I do not wish to see again."
I throw myself down in my chamber, and I call in and invite God and his angels thither, and when they are there, I neglect God and his angels, for the noise of a fly, for the rattling of a coach, for the whining of a door.
— No. 80, preached at the funeral of Sir William Cokayne, December 12, 1626.
To let friendship die away by negligence and silence, is certainly not wise. It is voluntarily to throw away one of the greatest comforts of this weary pilgrimage.
(Roberto) Clemente could field the ball in New York and throw out a guy in Pennsylvania.
— Peter Leo (July 11, 2006). "He just can't kick the baseball habit". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
It is not so much who you elect, it's who you throw out.
— 1981 On the campaign to clean up government. In the Chicago Tribune, 26 Jul.
The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. […] Hence plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow.
"Ralph could you please sit down and behave yourself or we are going to have to throw you out. As a matter of fact Ralph can you leave right now?....Ok sit down."
They're not going to teach science at all. What they do is take the science students down to the lake, tie them in burlap sacks and throw them in. If God thinks they're good science students, they float.
— About science education in the state of Kansas; quoted in Randi, James (November 11, 2006). "A Sure Test". Swift. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved on 2006-11-18.
I was feeling great today, plus I like the matchup when I face Carpenter or (Matt) Morris. It's good to have Carpenter on the other side. Every time I come here I want to throw my best game and throw like I did today.
I said earlier that I do not believe an artist's life throws much light upon his works. I do believe, however, that, more often than most people realize, his works may throw light upon his life. An artist with certain imaginative ideas in his head may then involve himself in relationships which are congenial to them.
The economy of a novelist is a little like that of a careful housewife who is unwilling to throw away anything that might perhaps serve its turn. Perhaps the comparison is closer to the Chinese cook who leaves hardly any part of a duck unserved.
The clerical work is par for the course. "Keep on file in numerical order" means throw in wastebasket. You'll soon learn the language. "Let it be a challenge to you" means you're stuck with it; "interpersonal relationships" is a fight between kids; "ancillary civic agencies for supportive discipline" means call the cops; "Language Arts Dept." is the English office; "literature based on child's reading level and experiential background" means that's all they've got in the Book Room; "non-academic-minded" is a delinquent; and "It has come to my attention" means you're in trouble.
— Albert Einstein (1926) in letter to Max Born (4 December 1926); The Born-Einstein Letters (translated by Irene Born) (Walker and Company, New York, 1971) ISBN 0-8027-0326-7.
Is it for the cultivated man, the man of broad and general views, to throw himself without reserve and with all his weight, into what, for aught he yet knows, may be only a cross-current and eddy, instead of the main stream of truth?
— William Greenough Thayer Shedd, p. 349.
Take a straw and throw it up into the air, you may see by that which way the wind is.
— John Selden, Table Talk, Libels.
throw a quilt over her.
— Who: Frederick II of Prussia, who noticed his greyhound shivering and issued this order to his valet.


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Central concrete batching plants adopt JS twin-shaft mixer, so it can mix dry-hard concrete, plastic concrete, lightweight aggregate and kinds of mortar. What's more, due to its high working efficiency and large capacity output, the central mixing plant is widely used in large and medium sized construction, road, bridge, railway and others. In short, the central concrete batch plant is ideal equipment for users to buy.


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Ingersollrand India Ltd Share Price
INGERRAND EQ
About Ingersollrand India Ltd
Ingersoll Rand India Private Limited was founded in Kolkata in 1921, one of the first American investments in India. Ingersoll-Rand (NYSE:IR) and its consolidated subsidiaries are a $14 billion diversified global group that provides products, services and solutions to enhance the quality and comfort of air in homes and buildings. They transport and protect food and perishables, secure homes and commercial properties and increase industrial productivity and efficiency.
4194.76 Crore
Fri, Jan 14 1,325.00 1,328.80 0.29%
Thu, Jan 13 1,277.65 1,339.45 4.61%
Wed, Jan 12 1,280.95 1,284.85 0.30%
Tue, Jan 11 1,268.75 1,273.15 0.35%
Mon, Jan 10 1,250.00 1,252.70 0.22%
Thu, Jan 06 1,240.00 1,239.05 -0.08%
Debt to equity
Key indicators These are key financial factors that one should look at before investing in a stock. Use this information to run a fast check on the company's health and make informed investment decisions. P/E ratio (Price-to-earnings ratio) This helps you determine the market price of a stock as..
Op profit margin
Operational ratios
EV / EBITDA
These are a number of indicators that can give users valuable guidance on how strong the company is compared to its peers or its past performance.They also provide insights into the operational efficiency and stability of the company Profitability ratios Profitability ratios are used to evaluate th..
Foreign institutions-FII
Other domestic institutions
Retail and other
View pattern
Promoters pattern
Select a segment from the breakdowns to see its pattern here
Total Percent
Dec 2020 75 %
Mar 2021 75 %
Jun 2021 75 %
Sep 2021 75 %
Foreign institutions-FII pattern
Dec 2020 0.19 %
Mar 2021 0.09 %
Jun 2021 0.14 %
Sep 2021 0.21 %
Other domestic institutions pattern
Mar 2021 0.5 %
Retail and other pattern
Dec 2020 18.07 %
Mar 2021 18.72 %
Jun 2021 20.23 %
Sep 2021 20.5 %
Mutual Funds pattern
Jun 2021 4.3 %
Shareholding pattern reveals the distribution of a company's equity shares between promoters and different investors. A change in their holdings can indicate a change in performance outlook of the stock. Promoter holding It indicates the total percentage of shares held by the promoters of the com..
These are a number of indicators that can give users valuable guidance on how strong the company is compared to its peers or its past performance.They also provide insights into the operational efficiency and stability of the company
Profitability ratios
Profitability ratios are used to evaluate the ability of a company to generate profit relative to its revenue, assets, operating costs, and equity during a specific period of time
A higher ratio or value indicates the company is performing well by generating revenues, profits, and cash flow.
Op profit margin (Operating Profit Margin)
It measures the percentage of profit a company produces from its operations, prior to subtracting taxes and interest charges. It is calculated by dividing the operating profit by total revenue.
It measures how much net profit is generated as a percentage of revenue. It is calculated by dividing the net profits by net sales.
NIM (Net interest margin)
It measures the difference between the interest income generated and the amount of interest paid out to lenders by banks.
CDR (Credit deposit ratio)
It measures the amount of money banks have raised in the form of deposits and has been deployed as loans.
ROCE (Return on capital employed)
It measures the earnings as a proportion of debt+equity required by a business to continue normal operations. A higher ROCE is generally considered as better.
ROA (Return on assets)
ROA is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets.Higher value is desirable.
ROE (Return on equity)
It signifies how good the company is in generating returns on the investment received from its shareholders. Look for ROE equal to or high compared with other firms in the same line of business.
ROIC (Return on invested capital)
ROIC is the amount of money a company makes that is above the average cost it pays for its debt and equity capital.
EPS (Earnings per share)
EPS indicates how much money a company makes for each share of its stock and is a widely used metric for estimating corporate value.
They are used to evaluate the health of a company and provide useful insights into the financial well-being of of the company
Gross NPA (Gross Non Performing Assets)
It is the amount of all loans defaulted on by people who have received loans from the banking institution.Gross NPA ratio is the ratio of total gross NPA to total advances (loans) of the bank
Net NPA (Net Non Performing Assets)
It is the actual loss faced by the financial institution. It is calculated by subtracting any provisions related to unpaid debt from Gross NPA
CASA ratio (Current account savings accounts ratio)
It is the ratio of deposits in current and savings accounts to the total deposits
CAR (Capital adequacy ratio)
It is a measurement of a bank's available capital in relation to its risk weighted assets and current liabilities.
It measures the ability of a business to pay its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets
It measures the weight of total current assets versus total current liabilities of a company.
It is used to measure how well a firm can pay the interest due on outstanding debt. It's used to assess the risk of lending capital to a firm. A higher coverage ratio is better, although the ideal ratio may vary by industry.
Asset turnover ratio
It measures the efficiency with which a company uses its assets to produce sales
It indicates how much debt the company has compared to the amount invested by its shareholders. A low debt-equity ratio is favourable from an investment viewpoint.
They are used to evaluate the worth of a company with respect to its share price. They serve as useful tools for identifying investment potential.
P/E ratio (Price-to-earnings ratio)
This helps you determine the market price of a stock as compared to the company's earnings. A high P/E could mean that a stock's price is high relative to earnings and possibly overvalued.
P/B ratio (Price-to-Book)
EV/EBITDA (Enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ratio)
EBITDA measures a firm's overall financial performance, while EV (enterprise value) determines the firm's total value.Note: An EV/EBITDA value below 10 is commonly interpreted as healthy and above average by analysts and investors.
It's the amount of money a company pays its shareholders divided by its current stock price.
* All the information mentioned here is sourced from latest financial statements
Shareholding pattern reveals the distribution of a company's equity shares between promoters and different investors. A change in their holdings can indicate a change in performance outlook of the stock.
Promoter holding
It indicates the total percentage of shares held by the promoters of the company.Increase in promoter holding shows signs of trust while decrease may show lack of confidence.
Pledged promoter holding
It indicates the percentage of total promoter holding that is pledged.Pledging of shares is a way for the promoters of a company to get loans to meet their business or personal requirements by keeping their shares as collateral to lenders.Pledging can have negative impact as promoters are required to maintain the value of the collateral all the time by providing additional shares to lenders when the share value falls.
It indicates percentage of shares held by different mutual funds.Increase in holdings may signify their confidence in the growth of the company.
FIIs (Foreign institutional investors)
It indicates percentage of shares held by Foreign Institutional investors.Increase in holdings may signify their confidence in the growth of the company.
Other DIIs (Other Domestic institutional investors)
It indicates the percentage of shares held by domestic institutional investors other than mutual funds.
Retail and others
It indicates the percentage of shares held by retail investors.
These are key financial factors that one should look at before investing in a stock. Use this information to run a fast check on the company's health and make informed investment decisions.
P/B ratio (Price-to-book ratio)
It's calculated by dividing a company's stock price by its book value (total assets minus any liabilities). The lower a company's price-to-book ratio is, the better the value it generally is.
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