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L&S / All News / Understanding the cause of crime: Sociology and criminology
Understanding the cause of crime: Sociology and criminology
There are talented people working on the practical side of the criminal justice system, but crime has an important and fascinating academic component. Every day, researchers are compiling statistics to pinpoint the causes of crime, how to reduce it, and how to make the justice system fairer and more effective.
UWM Sociology professor Aki Roberts is one of those researchers. She sat down to talk about her research and the nuances of crime and justice in the field of criminology.
Here's the obvious question: what is criminology, and how does it relate to sociology?
In sociology, we typically try to look for social causes of all kinds of phenomena. Criminology is one of the largest and fastest-growing subfields of sociology, and criminologists focus on sociological explanations for causes of crime. They also take a sociological view of how the criminal justice system, including police, prosecutors, and judges, responds to victims and offenders. Of course, criminologists do not ignore individual causes of crime, such as personality and psychological characteristics, but in general, they are especially interested in factors related to the larger world in which individuals live.
Are there sub-specialties? Criminology seems like a very broad field.
Yes, there are. I already mentioned one distinction, between research that is mainly about crime itself and that which is mainly about the criminal justice system. Within these there are further differences. In the first group, some criminologists may focus on neighborhoods and crime, while others may study differences in crime rates across nations. In the second group, some researchers examine the police while others look at courts and corrections. Research projects may draw on more than one of these areas, but the scope of criminology has grown too large for one researcher to know all its parts.
Aki Roberts studies criminology in the UWM Sociology department.
What is your area of interest?
One of my specialties is homicide clearance. A crime is considered "cleared" when police have arrested at least one offender for the crime incident. It is important to study crime clearance since it is the first stage of criminal justice processing of a crime incident.
When you look at the homicide clearance rate in different countries, there turns out to be great variation. For example, Japan's rate is 98 percent, while in the U.S. it is only 60 percent. That got me interested in why the U.S. has a lower homicide clearance rates than many other advanced countries.
Did you find any reasons for that in your research?
One important part of this is that the U.S. (compared to Japan and other countries) has a larger proportion of murders committed by guns. That leaves less physical evidence on the victim than when people are killed by means like strangulation or stabbing. In those cases the offender leaves relatively more evidence, often including their own blood, for police to effectively investigate, aiding clearance. In Japan most homicides are by these means, because gun ownership is usually illegal.
Also, in the U.S. there tend to be more homicides committed by strangers (to the victim). Of course, if a murder is committed by a stranger, it is harder to investigate and clear than if it is committed by, say, a family member.
People tend to think that the Japan's higher homicide clearance rate shows that Japan has a more effective police force than the U.S., but in fact, this mainly follows from the reality that more of the murders that Japanese police confront are easier to investigate and solve. It is like Japanese police are getting easier homework than their U.S. counterparts.
This point is important even in comparisons within the U.S. Police cannot control what kinds of murders occur in their jurisdiction. Yet, the homicide clearance rate is often used to judge police performance. This isn't really fair to some departments, as their seemingly poor performance may reflect the sort of homicide cases that they have to investigate, rather than the genuine effectiveness of their police work. One of my studies statistically adjusted for the fact some department have more easy-to-investigate homicide cases than others. In some cases this adjusted measure suggested a much different assessment of an agency's effectiveness than one would get from the raw clearance rate.
What kind of jobs can undergraduates get with a criminology concentration?
Many undergraduates who studied criminology later get jobs in law enforcement and other parts of the criminal justice system. Some go onto law school. Others students fi nd jobs with government, non-profit, and community organizations. Because criminology uses data and data analysis – I teach one class on data analysis using social and crime data – some of my students have gotten jobs as data analysts supporting research on crime being done by state or local government agencies.
This is an impossibly broad question, but – in your estimation – why do people commit crimes?
It is hard to pinpoint "the cause of crime", not just because criminology is a relatively young field and still has much to discover, but because so much depends on the specific circumstances of a particular time and place. However, there are some regularities that seem pretty well-established. For example, one relatively consistent social predictor of crime is income inequality. Societies with higher levels of income inequality like the U.S. tend to suffer from higher crime rates. You compare yourself to economically well-off members of the community, and for many people, that creates economic strain or stress. This feeling of relative deprivation is associated with many kinds of criminal behavior. On the other hand, it's probably easier to live with one's own absolute poverty if everyone else around is also poor.
While economic factors are clearly signficant, it is also important to understand what limits or enhances a community's ability to work together to control crime. For example, a community with many short-term residents or which lacks trust in police may struggle more with crime. Large-scale societal changes are important too. For instance, when women typically stayed at home, their exposure to victimization and opportunity for offending were both limited. The improved status of women brought lifestyle changes that increased exposure to victimization, and also created more potential for crime-inducing feelings of blocked opportunity to fulfill economic goals. Women's offending and victimization is still quite different from men's, but these changes should narrow this gap.
-Sarah Vickery
svickery@uwm.edu
Aki Robertscrimecrime statisticscriminologyhomicideLetters & ScienceSociologyUWM
The view from the bench: History alum lays down law
Alum finds career change in Indian country law


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Q. Why give through UNCW's Annual Giving program?
A: State appropriations, along with student tuition and fees only provide approximately 70% of UNCW's annual budget. Universities like ours, which strive to provide a top-rated academic experience, are expected to raise and earn the funds necessary to support student programs. The annual giving program provides opportunities for you and other donors to support UNCW in meaningful ways that provide the greatest impact.
The annual giving program does not receive support from your designated gifts, it simply acts as a facilitator to connect you with areas that are important to you and have the greatest need. Due to the program existing on-campus, its initiatives are able to provide valuable, hands-on learning experiences for current UNCW students who are employed as Dubrai$ers or volunteer in student philanthropy groups.
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A: By making an unrestricted gift to the UNCW Fund, you enable the university to use your donation immediately — where it's needed most.
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Q. What is the Alumni Participation Rate?
A: The alumni participation rate is the percent of UNCW alumni who made a gift to the university within the last fiscal year (July 1 - June 30). This participation rate is one of the factors considered in the U.S. News and World Report statistics and other university rankings.
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Read more about endowments, or contact us if you are interested in learning more.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: sum column based on another column laravel I want to sum column AMOUNT, and the result is fill the column BALANCE. if column TYPE is DEBIT, then it will sum.. but if column TYPE is KREDIT, then it will be minus. this is the table table image
to create that table, i used this query in laravel controller :
$get_result        =  DB::select( DB::raw("SELECT statement.created_at, statement.descript, statement.amount, statement.sign, statement.reference
                                                    FROM statement,lender
                                                    WHERE statement.created_at BETWEEN DATE_ADD(' $date_from ',INTERVAL 1 DAY)
                                                    AND '$date_to'
                                                    AND statement.lender_id = lender.id
                                                    AND lender.user_id= $userId ") );

and I used this code in view to display data :

                                    Date
                                    Description
                                    Amount
                                    Type
                                    Reference
                                    Balance

@foreach($get_result as $statement)

                                        {{SUBSTR($statement->created_at,0,10) }}

                                        {{$statement->descript}}

                                        IDR {{number_format($statement->amount, 0, '.', ',')}}

                                        {{ $statement->sign }}

                                        {{ $statement->reference }}

@endforeach

I do not know how to make the proper code to calculate it all.
Please help me.
Thanks in advance

A: Try this query
SELECT statement.created_at, statement.descript, statement.amount, statement.sign, statement.reference,
(sum(case when  statement.descript = 'Credit' then statement.amount else 0 end) -
sum(case when  statement.descript = 'Debit' then statement.amount else 0 end)) balance
  FROM statement,lender  WHERE statement.created_at BETWEEN DATE_ADD(' $date_from ',INTERVAL 1 DAY)  AND '$date_to' AND statement.lender_id = lender.id  AND lender.user_id= $userId

A: The "classical" way for this (it is a special case of a running sum) is to use a correlated query:
SELECT statement.created_at, statement.descript, statement.amount, statement.REFERENCE,
    ( SELECT
      SUM(CASE WHEN t2.descript = 'Debit'  THEN t2.amount
               WHEN t2.descript = 'Credit' THEN -t2.amount ELSE 0 END )
      FROM statement t2
      WHERE t2.created_at <= statement.created_at
    ) AS Balance
FROM statement
ORDER BY statement.created_at ;

or use a sql variable like in this:
SET @csum := 0;
SELECT statement.created_at, statement.descript, statement.amount,
       statement.REFERENCE,
    (CASE WHEN statement.descript = 'Debit' THEN
            (@csum := @csum + statement.amount)
          WHEN statement.descript = 'Credit' THEN
            (@csum := @csum - statement.amount)
         ELSE  0
     END) as Balance
FROM statement
ORDER BY statement.created_at ;

Check the sqlFiddle for a working code - not including the lender join and your other where criteria yet.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When you retain an attorney, you are likely enduring the stress and frustrations of a crucial legal issue. Lisa eases the anxiety associated with the legal system by providing you with the exceptional, personalized representation you deserve. She compassionately listens to your concerns, promptly responds to your questions and regularly updates you on the status of your case. Because legal problems do not always conveniently occur during normal business hours, Lisa schedules appointments during evenings and weekends so you know your attorney is accessible when you need her. A Spanish interpreter is readily available to ensure you receive superior legal services even if English is not your native language.
When you retain Lisa, you know what to expect from initial consultation to conclusion — a committed advocate of your rights. Lisa thoroughly analyzes your case, develops clear legal strategies and explains to you your options. As your case progresses, she constantly fine-tunes her tactics and informs you of next steps. Lisa's meticulous preparation gives you the peace of mind that your legal issues are being efficiently and successfully resolved.


Founded by the Bozzini sisters, cellist Isabelle and violinist Stéphanie, the eponymous Montréal-based string quartet has been a significant presence in Canadian new music since the early 2000s. The Bozzini's two CDs, one each of works by US composer Phill Niblock and Québec's Simon Martin, are the latest additions to a substantial catalogue of recordings of sound- and concept-based contemporary music.
Baobab presents two large-scale works by Niblock (b. 1933). Both pieces—Baobab, originally composed in 2011, and Disseminate, composed in 1998—were first written for orchestra and appear here as revised in 2017. By means of multi-track layering, they've been rearranged for string quartet multiplied times five. Both pieces are quintessential Niblock—thickly textured swarms of drones made up of microtones and moving timbres. Sustaining the requisite long tones undoubtedly is a challenge to the players' physical stamina, but the sounds never falter.
For Musique d'art, a five-movement, hour-long work for string quintet by Martin (b. 1981), the quartet—which in addition to the Bozzini sisters includes violinists Alissa Cheung and Clemens Merkel—is joined by double bassist Pierre-Alexandre Maranda. Like Niblock's two pieces, Musique d'art is centered on the development elongated chords, but with more variability of density, dynamics and rates of harmonic change. Pitches drop out and fade in; discordant tones come and go as the intervals between notes widen and narrow; bow articulations shift to introduce changes to timbre and to add complexity to the stacked overtones. Not all of this is about pitch relationships: while at times the quintet sounds like a robust, tuned and detuned tamboura, at other times their collective sound dissolves into harsh, grey noise and rough, unpitched textures. Martin set out to create a fecund dialectic of sound and music with the piece, and in that he has succeeded.
In this edition, we're highlighting albums released from January 15 through February 15, including the newest in a series of conceptual noise albums exploring the pains of growing up, and a fictional movie score from an anonymous composer.
An evening of music and discussion curated by Tom Baker with Seattle composers Ha-Yang Kim, Neil Welch, Kaley Lane Eaton, Blake Degraw, Lily Shabbabi, Liam Hardison. The Seattle Composers' Salon fosters the development, performance and appreciation of new music by regional composers, featuring finished works, previews, and works in progress in a casual setting.
Earshot Jazz is pleased to present Brooklyn bassist Stephan Crump and his Rosetta Trio, a "string ensemble for the new century" with Liberty Ellman on acoustic guitar and Jamie Fox on electric guitar. The lack of drums is unexpected, and the ensemble embraces the rhythmic flexibility and challenges it presents. The result is a sound that sits within the liminal space of jazz, avant-garde, and contemporary folk.


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Stay updated on the latest Texas Longhorns recruiting news brought to you by Longhorns recruiting beat writer Mike Craven of Hookem.com. The Dotted Line will publish M-F at 10 a.m. each morning to provide Texas fans with an in-depth look at the latest for the Longhorns on the recruiting trail.
Texas Longhorns Head football coach Tom Herman directs plays during drills during their first open practice to the News media at Frank Denius Fields on Friday, Aug. 3, 2018. RICARDO B. BRAZZIELL / AMERICAN-STATESMAN
The Dotted Line: Black parents, coaches explain how white head coaches can help dialogue
mcraven@hookem.com
Thousands of black college football players are preparing to return to campuses across the country amid the coronavirus pandemic and social unrest across the country. The Black Lives Matter movement entered most people's lives through the protests of former NFL player Colin Kaepernick. That protest was met with anger, leading to Kaepernick being black-balled from the league and eventually landing the NFL in a courtroom to settle with him.
UT Police Department along with UT football team kneel for 9 minutes in a demonstration against racism at the North entrance of the Texas State Capitol in Austin on Thursday, June 4, 2020. [LOLA GOMEZ / AMERICAN-STATESMAN]
Flash-forward to last week and players and coaches across the nation, including Tom Herman and Longhorns football players still in Austin, were marching with protestors and releasing statements about the continued problem of racism in America.
College football is played by predominantly black kids who are coached by predominantly white head coaches. Those coaches, like Herman, hold an important role in our ability to move forward together.
A coach must enter a young man's home on the recruiting trail and convince the family that the player is in good hands. That means hands that are willing to extend beyond racial barriers because the truth, people who need to hear the message that black lives matter are prone to pay attention to Herman more than the players wearing burnt orange on Saturdays.
"I hope the coaches realize there is more pressure on kids from the black community once they're on campus. They're the minority and held to different standards than the majority," said Yolanda Royston, the mother of UT safety B.J. Foster. "There is pressure to be an example and not let people use your actions to further a stereotype. A white kid messing up might not be met with the same vitriol as a black kid."
Texas-ex Tim Crowder also thinks that coaches must address these issues when athletes return to campus. It isn't enough to be a quiet supporter. White coaches in particular must show their young, black athletes that they care about them beyond football. That means caring about issues that impact a player on the team, even if the coach hasn't experienced racism before.
"We need more coaches to become aware," Crowder said. "I don't think the problem is as much about racism inside college football as it is about awareness of how we feel as young athletes on campus. Talk to your players. Allow an open dialogue. Encourage them to become part of their communities and speak out against injustice. Not everything has to be about football. Show up that first day and have a meeting and say 'hey, we're not talking about football today. Let's talk about race.'"
It can be said that coaches must play both sides of the fence, trying to appease their athletes while not offending the donors, who tend to be older, white men. And that's where the issue lies: Racism is so American that when it is protested, people feel like others are actually protesting against America. Saying black lives matter and acknowledging the plight of black people in America is different shouldn't be controversial. Recruits must start doing their research not only into the feelings of their coach, but if the donor base allows the coach to speak openly about injustice.
"I'd tell these young men to go to the bookstore when they're on a visit to a college and ask a random black person what it's like to be black on that campus," said D.J. Mann, assistant coach and recruiting coordinator at Cedar Hill High School in south Dallas. "Can you go jogging? Do your classmates support you?
"Back in my recruiting, we couldn't have those conversations. I didn't have a black coach in high school or college. There wasn't a dialogue to be had in the first place."
Diversity is important. Mann thinks kids, and their parents, should look toward a head coach's actions over his words. Does the head coach employee and empower his black assistants to one day become a head coach? Can that head coach speak his mind on an issue without worrying about the donors pulling support? Do the athletic director and support staff at the school take these issues as seriously as the player?
"I want people to know there is more to each player than football," said Jordan Sterns, a former star at Oklahoma State and the older brother of UT safety Caden Sterns. "Listen to each other. Value different opinions and perspectives. My favorite coaches were the ones who were upfront and vulnerable with me about their life and experiences. We're all away from home. We need people to listen to us, and actually listen."
And while most athletic departments are saying the right things, parents and players know that we can't allow these conversations to blow over. Systemic racism took centuries to progress. It'll take more than tweets to fix.
"For me, it's about what is happening six months from now. Sure, coaches will be open to talk about this right now, but what will you help me accomplish over the next six months to start making a change?" said Natalia Vaughns, the mother of Texas defender Byron Vaughns. "It's as easy as being respectful to the young men as people and not just football players."
Next story: The Dotted Line: Trio of prospects trending towards Texas
Recruiting and coaching guards among the priorities for new Texas assistant Elena Lovato
The Dotted Line: Trio of prospects trending towards Texas


Joey Jordan loves gymnastics: the thrill of performing a backflip on the beam, the cheers of the audience when she sticks a landing. But even with all her talent and style, she's never quite made it to that gold medal stand. Now big changes shake up Joey's life in and out of the gym. Joey wants to break out some daring new beam and floor routines--but she'll have to defy her strict coach to do it. Her best friend, Alex, is thinking about quitting gymnastics for good. And an old friend named Tanner just moved back to town, and he's suddenly gotten very, very, cute. Can Joey handle all the challenges coming her way, and make her gold medal summer happen at last? Drawing on her real-life experience as a competitive gymnast, acclaimed novelist Donna Freitas delivers both a terrific gymnastics story and a classic novel about stretching some limits, bending the rules, and finding your balance.


This card gains 100 ATK for each "Chrono HERO" monster in your Graveyard. Once per turn, if a monster(s) with ATK higher than this card's original ATK is Special Summoned to your opponent's field (except during the Damage Step): You can make that monster lose 1000 ATK until the end of this turn. If this card is destroyed by battle or by your opponent's card effect: You can target 1 of your banished "Chrono HERO" monsters; Special Summon it.


Wates Construction has ousted Kier as sole contractor on a £133 million regional property framework for the local authority body East Midlands Property Alliance (EMPA).
Kier had worked for four years on the previous framework for the EMPA Provincial framework which is managed by local authority controlled central purchasing body Scape.
Two further frameworks, for Intermediate projects, worth a total of some £230 million, will be announced soon. Kier and Wates are both incumbents of the existing Intermediate frameworks. A Minor Works framework worth a total of as much as £140 million is also being tendered, with results expected shortly.
EMPA says it is committed to using a high percentage of local contractors and suppliers in the area of each project to maximise the benefits of the frameworks investments to the local economy.
Scape is wholly owned by a number of local authorities - Derby City, Derbyshire County, Gateshead, Nottingham City, Nottinghamshire County and Warwickshire County councils. It is defined as a Contracting Authority and Central Purchasing Body under EU procurement rules.
Scape has frameworks valued at £2.5Bn under its control across the country, including Major Works, Minor Works, Asset Management, Surveying and Design Services, Project Management and Quantity Surveying. It operates regional frameworks across the East Midlands for EMPA.


Three raid frames enter. One raid frame leaves.
As a healer, my raid frames are the most important part of my user interface. If you had asked me 2 months ago what my raid frames of choice were I would have said Grid, hands down. This is both because it is an excellent addon that tells me everything I need to know but also because I'm stubborn and refused to try out any others. After patch 4.0.1 Grid hit me with some very annoying issues that caused the most important parts, the HoT timers, to stop working as I liked. This gave me a very good excuse to broaden my horizons and try out some new raid frames, namely the default Blizzard raid frames and VuhDo. Here's my evaluation of them. For the TLDR version, skip down to the summary.
I'm going to insert a big spoiler here and tell you that the default raid frames do not win this contest. However, they underwent a major overhaul recently and I thought they deserved a proper look.
Customization of the default raid frames is extremely limited. You can change the size of the frames, though even the smallest settings are still very large, you can choose to display class colours or leave everyone green, you can also choose whether or not you want to see things such as incoming heals, aggro, power bars, and debuffs.
The default raid frames don't allow for nearly as much customization as I'd like. The biggest problem for me is the size. I like to keep my raid frames as small as possible so I get a good view of the action rather than have the raid frames take up too much space on my screen. The size of the smallest setting needs to be cut in half in order to make me happy. I also prefer vertical health bars, which is not an option.
The raid frames really aren't bad-looking. The things I like most are the incoming heals and the raid roles clearly indicated on everyone's frame. However, there are many things I don't like. As I mentioned already, the frames are too big. I also think the percentages are unnecessary.
Your own HoTs are shown in the bottom right corner of the raid frame, represented by the spell icon. There are no numerical countdowns to tell you how long the duration is but it does show time left though shading. Only three HoTs are shown at a time. There are no options to change the size or display of the icons. As you can see in the above example, with mana bars showing and the smallest setting, HoT icons cover the health percentage display.
Debuffs are shown in the bottom left corner. There is an option to show only dispellable debuffs.
Lack of options make the default raid frames very easy to set up.
I've been a staunch Grid supporter for almost as long as I've been healing. It is highly customizable and can show you everything you need to know to heal effectively.
Grid can be customized in many ways.
Size of the raid frames can be anything from teeny, tiny to very large. You can set it to expand/contract to a certain number of groups based on your circumstances.
Triggers (HoTs, debuffs, aggro, etc.) can be set to appear in the area of your choice. You have the option to show things in the four corners, on the four sides (requires an additional mod), in the center of the frame or as a border.
You can customize how the triggers display by changing the colour, priority or adding filters. You can add custom buffs and debuffs, or use a mod like GridStatusRaidDebuffs to add them all for you.
2) numerical countdowns to let me know how long my HoTs are ticking for.
I have a separate countdown timer for each of my HoTs, displayed in different areas of the frame. This makes it very easy to tell, at a glance, which HoTs are up and how much longer they will tick for. The Lifebloom counter is colour-coded to tell me how many stacks are up.
Debuffs are shown as an icon in the middle of the frame. I do not use a generic trigger to tell me when I can dispel something (though you can), instead I learn to recognize all the icons.
With many options comes much confusion. I've introduced a few people to Grid and they were quite overwhelmed by it at first. The menus are not very intuitive and it does take quite a bit of work in order to turn the out-of-the-box frames into something usable and informative.
For me, the biggest downside to Grid is the number of addons you need in order to get it working optimally. Search for Grid on Curse and you will get 3 pages of results. In addition to the main addon, I use extra modules in order to show: side indicators, text indicators, mana bars, HoT timers, raid debuffs. As you can imagine this makes staying up to date a bit of a pain. They are not all updated at the same time and occasionally (like after 4.0.1) this can cause problems.
No longer the new kid on the block, VuhDo has been around for a while. Those who use it swear by it, so I finally decided to test it out.
VuhDo has almost every single option for customization that I could want.
Customize the scale, size and spacing of your raid frames.
Customize where you want your HoTs displayed on the frame (2 layout options with a total of 7 spaces for HoT icons), which HoT goes where, how big they are and how they look.
Decide where to display debuffs and how they look. You can set sound alerts or animations to draw extra attention to certain debuffs or set it up so the frames change colour to indicate what type of debuff is present (not pictured).
You can assign your spells to mouse keys, add keybinds and set smart casts.
I've set up Vuhdo so it looks almost identical to Grid. The frames are a little brighter, and there are many different textures to choose from for the frame backgrounds. HoTs are shown with both icons and countdown timers which I really like. The only aesthetic problem I have is that there is no option to make mana bars vertical (if I'm wrong about this, please let me know).
All my HoTs are displayed in their own part of the frames. The icon for each HoT is displayed along with the countdown for how long it will tick for. This makes the frames very easy to read. Lifebloom has an extra counter to show the number of stacks.
Debuffs are shown in two ways. First, the icon is displayed in the top left corner along with a countdown timer. Second, name of the player changes colour to let me know what type of debuff they are affected by (blue for magic, purple for curse, green for poison).
There is also a nifty feature that shows which direction people are, relative to you, when they are out of range to make finding them easier.
As with Grid, the huge number of options makes setup a little complicated. A nice thing about VuhDo is that the option screens are clear and full of large, well-labelled, colourful buttons and tabs. When setting it up I was able to figure out most things fairly quickly, but did have to resort to Tam's excellent guide a couple of times to figure out some of the options.
The best thing about VuhDo is that you get everything – frames, HoT timers, debuffs, mana bars, click-bindings – all in one addon.
Verdict: The default raid frames have improved immensely, but they still aren't quite there for healers who want to track everything that's going on. Customization options are very limited. If there was an option to scale down the size of the frames further, I would use the default raid frames on dps characters, but as they are now these frames do not fulfill my healing needs.
Verdict: Grid, combined with the click-healing mod Clique, has provided me with everything I need for in a raid frame for years. There are a ton of options which let you customize the appearance and information displayed to suit your needs. The biggest downside to Grid is that you need multiple addons installed in order to have a complete raid frame package. Most modules are maintained by different developers which means they are not all updated at once and can lead to problems.
Verdict: VuhDo has a ton of customization options and can be set up in almost any way you could think of. All HoT timers, debuffs and notification options are included in a single addon. With its built-in click and keybindings, it provides everything I need to stay informed and heal effectively.
In terms of aesthetics and ability to display the information I need Grid and VuhDo are neck-and-neck. Both show me everything I need to know in a compact and attractive package.
In terms of setup, both mods do take a bit of work. VuhDo has a slight advantage in this area as the option screens are cleaner and more intuitive.
The biggest difference between Grid and VuhDo is the number of mods needed to get it to work effectively. In order to set up Grid as I like I need 7 or 8 different mods, for VuhDo I just need one. Because of this, VuhDo is now my raid frame addon of choice.
I've only been playing for over a year, so I'm still discovering new stuff in Add-Ons every week. This week I saw where ScrollingCombatText had preset customization. It would be a great improvement if Grid and VuhDu could add in presets for each healing spec based on some of the top healers out there (harder to do for Grid since it doesn't use just one add-on, as you said). It'd be nice to find out later today that I'm just missing it since I just started healing using an Add-On.
Agreed. Would be nice to have presets for each class, I guess the idea is everyone likes to have different settings, but I think in general it would be helpful.
If you have a preset for Vudhu for your druid/disc priest I would definitely be interested (as I run a Resto druid and Disc priest as well). I currently use Healbot due to simplicity of setup.
great blog btw, one of best healing blogs out there!
I'm not exactly sure how I'd go about making/exporting a preset VuhDo setup. I could look into it. VuhDo can take a while to set-up, but I think it's worth it in the end.
Other than that, Great post.
Hi, I was wondering if someone could help me figure out why i cannot export my other guild mates my vuhdo settings. Every time i have tried this with a new vuhdo user it does not work and we wind up having to go through it verbally page by page UGH! Is there something they don't have set right? Do they perhaps have to save a profile first? I make sure to ask them if the have the box checked that enables them to receive profiles, but it still doesn't work. It says if fails.
I have never exported my settings before. I'd suggest going over to PlusHeal. They've got a whole forum dedicated to VuhDo and the author of the addon frequently answers questions there. Good luck!
hey there, ive just gotten Vuhdo and i love it, but only downfall is how do i make the frames as bright as yours? they seem really dell and dark and can't really see who is dieing and who isnt?


text:
A Tale of three Mansions
Fintry, 101 Victoria Road, Bellevue Hill, NSW
Birida, 108 Brown Street, Armidale NSW
St Cecilia, 2 Callary Street, Peterborough, SA
1. Fintry, 101 Victoria Road, Bellevue Hill, NSW
Fintry has become infamous for the eviction of Mia Freedman and her husband Jason Lavigne. The couple founded the news site Mamamia together in 2007 and have three children.
Fintry is an inter-war bungalow in the affluent Sydney suburb of Bellevue Hill, built on an elevated site with panoramic views of Sydney Harbour.
The Mamamia founders have lived at the century-old mansion Fintry since January 2015
A NSW Supreme Court fight could see media power couple lose it altogether
The owner of the property has torn up their $12million contract of sale and claimed their deposit of $600,000.
The Lavignes and home owner Somna Lala Kumar are suing each other
101 Victoria Road. Not only does it score a Victoria Road address, but its hilltop position grants the home 180 degree views spanning from Bondi Beach to Sydney Harbour.
The 6-bedroom, 5-bathroom Arts and Crafts home sits on a generous 1,368sqm flagpole parcel of land that previously swapped hands for a very full-priced $10.2m in Nov 2007.
The owners then undertook a $1.019m renovation that saw the addition of a salt water infinity-edge pool (that overlooks Lachlan Murdoch's compound) and
with extensive interior and exterior refurbishments all while maintaining the original house footprint.
The result is impressive: extensive wood panelling, a modern kitchen, and plenty of view orientation.
At the time, the Lavignes entered into a deed with the owner with the London-based Somna Lala Kumar, and husband, Macquarie banker Joseph Jayaraj; the agreement allowed the Lavignes to rent the dress circle property from Ms Kumar but gave them the option to buy it down the track.
Ms Kumar had been unsuccessfully trying to sell the more than $12 million Bellevue Hill property for about three years until early 2015 when instead she entered into a deed that allowed the Lavignes to live there with the option of eventually buying it.
Late last year the Lavignes exercised the option to buy the property, but three months later a courier delivered a notice that the contract had been withdrawn.
A big point of contention between both parties was who would pay for repairs to the leaking slate roof, which the Lavignes contended was in a state of "dilapidation" that would cost $251,800 to fix.
Supreme Court orders resulted in them abandoning negotiations to settle on their mooted purchase of five years prior. They got to keep their deposit.
Now Mia Freedman and her husband, Jason Lavigne, have bought a Point Piper house for $12.75 million after their recent eviction from Bellevue Hill.


Hannah is a Rundl user with a personal profile. She also works for ACME and is a member of the ACME Rundl Group for the purposes of her day-to-day work. Meanwhile Hannah also works as a wedding photographer and is the owner of her own group Hanna's Photos, which she uses to manage her photography work. Moreover Hannah also volunteers for a charity as a consultant and is a member of another Rundl group for this purpose.


Learn the sparring, technique and conditioning of Boxing. A female only class taught by a qualified female boxing coach.
Stay in touch with us, simply enter your email address below.
At Hatton Health and Fitness there is a wide range of classes available, classes are free for members and run by our fully qualified instructors.


text:
Q: pytest-django doesn't discover my tests, unless explicitly invoked I just started using Django, and have only used PyTest for a couple of projects, but I love them both.
So I was happy to discover the pytest-django plugin that seems incredibly straight-forward and easy to use.
Per part 5 of the Django tutorial (I've been working through that), I've written a number of tests in mysite/polls/tests.py.  These run flawlessly with the built-in test runner.
So, now with pytest and pytest-django installed, when I run py.test from within the project root, or py.test polls I get nothing:

When I explicitly invoke my file with py.test polls/tests.py, I get the colorful expected output:

What have I missed?  I've followed the set up to the letter, and the Basic Usage docs of the plugin attest that a simple py.test should automatically find my tests. Why aren't they being found?

A: Following pytest naming conventions, try renaming your test file to:
test_[some text here].py
For example:
test_polls_unittests.py
Read more about pytest - tests naming conventions here.


text:
Benjamin Daniele Wahlgren Ingrosso (Danderyd, 14 september 1997) is een Zweedse singer-songwriter. In 2018 verwierf hij bekendheid door zijn deelname aan het Eurovisiesongfestival voor Zweden.

Biografie

Jeugd & Doorbraak
Ingrosso is de zoon van danser en componist Emilio Ingrosso en zangeres Pernilla Wahlgren. Hij is een kleinzoon van actrice Christina Schollin en een neef van dj en producent Sebastian Ingrosso.

In 2006 won Benjamin Ingrosso Lilla Melodifestivalen. Met Hey Sofia mocht hij vervolgens deelnemen aan Melodi Grand Prix Nordic 2006, waar hij als vierde eindigde. In zijn tienerjaren bracht hij verschillende nummers uit en speelde hij in verschillende musicals, vaak naast zijn moeder. In 2014 won hij Let's Dance op TV4. Sinds 2016 is hij samen met zijn moeder te zien in Wahlgrens värld op Kanal 5.

2017- heden : Eurovisiesongfestival & Identification
In 2017 nam hij deel aan Melodifestivalen, de Zweedse preselectie voor het Eurovisiesongfestival. Met het nummer Good lovin''' eindigde hij als vijfde. In 2018 waagde hij opnieuw zijn kans. Met Dance you off won hij de finale, waardoor hij zijn vaderland mocht vertegenwoordigen op het Eurovisiesongfestival 2018 in de Portugese hoofdstad Lissabon. Hier bereikte hij de zevende plaats.

In de zomer van 2018 bracht Benjamin samen met het Franse dance duo Ofenbach een zomer single uit : Paradise, de single werd een hit in Europa, zo scoorde het de top 10 in Polen, Rusland en in de Waalse Ultratop 50. In het thuisland van Benjamin kon het niet verder geraken dan een 99ste plaats.

Op 24 september 2018 kwam zijn debuutalbum Identification uit. Het album kwam meteen op 1 in de Sverigetopplistan, de officiële hitlijst van Zweden. Alle singles behaalden ook de top 100, waarvan Behave het best deed, met een top 10 positie. Later werd zijn debuutalbum met goud bekroond.

In februari 2019 mocht de zanger de finale van Melodifestivalen openen, dat deed hij met All Night Long, een cover van Lionel Richie. Hij bracht de single ook uit op Spotify, de single kon meteen de top 10 halen van de Zweedse hitlijst.

 Singles

|-
|align="left"|Man on the moon''||2021||04-12-2021||tip21*|||| met Alan Walker
|}

Zweeds zanger
Deelnemer aan het Eurovisiesongfestival 2018
Zweeds deelnemer aan het Eurovisiesongfestival

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ultra Clear transparency; Ultra thin 0.3mm thickness.
Anti-shatter & anti-scratch; 9H hardness factor, tempered glass, ultra durable.
Oleophobic nano coating and HD optical transmittance; Super steel processing, burst the tiny particles to prevent the screen burst.
Oleophobic coating: Oleophobic coating defends against fingerprints and other contaminants and makes the film easy to clean;Anti-Shatter: This screen protector cracks into small pieces that are held within the film (if broken). They are not sharp, making it safer than other glass products.


I've heard mixed things about Fragile Things, too. Short story collections really are hit or miss sometimes.
Terry Pratchett! YES! Second person I've seen planning on picking up a Pratchett book in the next week. I love it. 😀 I should definitely read another Pratchett book week after next. Hmmm. I haven't read many yet, and I haven't gotten to Witches Abroad yet, but I love the ones I've read so far. Hope you enjoy!
I'm slowly making my way throughout the whole series, so I've been reading them in publication order for the past couple of years. I only read a couple last year though, so I really want to push myself to get through more of them in 2019.
Are you reading them in any particular order?
I think slowly is about the only way to make it through the series, as it's pretty massive. xD I've been doing about the same.
Death and his books are easily my favourite too. Sometimes I'm really tempted to just skip to his books, but I'm committed to going through them all as I have been, so I'll just have to be patient and stay the course.
It'll make it all the sweeter and more worthwhile when you get to them, I'm sure! They're fantastic.
Haven't heard of these but I hope you enjoy! Happy Reading!


The following is a list of collection categories, and is not comprehensive. It is intended to outline some general subjects in the collection. Please contact the Academy Archives or see Finding Aids for additional information about the collections.
These collections generally contain biographical material, photographs, writings, personal and professional correspondence, and other material. Among these are papers of Frank L. Boyden, Headmaster of Deerfield Academy from 1902-1968, Helen Childs Boyden, longtime Deerfield science teacher and wife of Frank Boyden, legendary Deerfield hero Thomas Ashley, Orra White Hitchcock's Herbarium parvum, pictum, and various others.
Student Life includes class records such as Commencement and Baccalaureate speeches and programs, Convocation material, and reunion related records. Material related to extracurricular life, such as scrapbooks and memorabilia provide a more personal view into the world of Deerfield Academy students. In addition, there are programs, photographs, and other records of performing arts, campus activity, and student organizations.
Academic Life material includes general information related to class life and curriculum. Some material consists of schedules, exams, student papers, records about special programs, and various departmental records.
Buildings and Grounds files contain photographs, architectural drawings, official correspondence and other records which document the growth and change of the campus and its buildings.
The Athletics Collection consists of records related to all sports at the school including photographs, schedules, administrative material and other records.
The Archives houses complete runs of the student newspaper, The Scroll, starting in 1927; the Deerfield Alumni Journal (Deerfield), starting in 1944, and the Pocumtuck yearbooks starting in 1928. The Archives also has many other student newsletters and small magazines, as well as official Academy publications such as course catalogs and view books, and the varied creative and academic writings from our own Deerfield Academy Press.
Administrative records provide information about specific office functions as well as the overall operation of the Academy. These include records from the Head of School, Dean of the Faculty, Registrar, Alumni and Development, Business Office, and others.
A unique resource to Deerfield Academy history, the Audiovisual Collection contains hundreds of films, videotapes, reel to reel tape recordings, audio cassettes, vinyl LPs, CDs, and DVDs. Content includes athletics, performing arts, special Academy speakers, and oral histories.


text:
Balfour Beatty Rail
Track Engineering Services
www.bbrail.com
info@bbrail.com
Garmischer Str. 35,
D-81373 Munich,
+49 89 4 19 99 0
Balfour Beatty Rail is an international rail engineering, design and construction business offering expertise in track, power and electrification, and signalling for multi-disciplinary as well as single-discipline projects.
With over 7,000 committed rail specialists, we deliver innovative solutions in more than 30 countries to help customers meet their objectives.
Track power and electrification systems
We have an extensive international capability to deliver systems for all types of operation: high-speed passenger, freight and mixed traffic routes, dense commuter networks, metros and light rail.
Our services cover the whole project lifecycle and we offer new construction, upgrades, renewals and maintenance.
Our skills and experience in delivering multi-disciplinary design and build projects is supported by a complete range of asset management services. This knowledge of working throughout the supply chain – from initial concept to whole-life management – enables us to deliver complex projects efficiently.
Track work, power, electrification and signalling
Equally important to us is our ability to focus on the single infrastructure disciplines of track work, power and electrification, and signalling. This focus is also supported by own innovative products and solutions to enhance rail infrastructure asset performance.
We are able to draw on the skills of the wider Balfour Beatty group, a world-class infrastructure group operating in professional services, construction services, support services and infrastructure investments.
Our in-depth knowledge and integrated approach sets us apart in the market and enables us to work with our customers from the earliest design phase to match their requirements for buildability and lifecycle costing.
We work through alliances and partnering arrangements as well as traditional contracts. We serve both public and private railways successfully across all types of operation. We are helping customers meet their objectives across Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australia.
Our aim is to develop long-term partnerships with our customers through shared success.
Morley-Ellenbrook Line, Perth
The Morley-Ellenbrook Line is a planned 21km-long rail line along the Transperth network aimed at providing better transport facilities and connections to the communities in the suburbs located north-east of Perth, Australia.
Old Oak Common Station, London
Old Oak Common is a new railway hub being developed in London, UK, as the only station that will connect the new High Speed 2 (HS2) railway line with the Elizabeth line.
Route 96 Upgrade, Victoria
Route 96 is a 14km-long tram route operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne's tram network between Blyth Street, Brunswick East and Acland Street, St Kilda Beach in Victoria, Australia.
Peninsula Corridor Electrification Project (PCEP)
The Peninsula Corridor Electrification Project (PCEP) involves the electrification of approximately 82km of track between the Fourth and King Street Station in San Francisco and the Tamien Caltrain Station in San Jose.
Arna-Bergen Railway Line
The single-track Arna-Bergen railway line in Norway is being converted into a double-track route to facilitate increased speed and more flexible traffic evolution.
Calder Valley Rail Line Upgrade, West Yorkshire
Calder Valley line is a two-track railway line running from Manchester Victoria to Leeds in West Yorkshire, UK.
East Link Extension
East Link Extension is a 14.5 mile (23.33km) long light rail transit (LRT) planned in Seattle to connect the biggest and heavily populated Eastside areas with downtown Seattle, Sea-Tac Airport and the University of Washington.
Abbey Wood Station
Abbey Wood railway station is located in the suburb of Abbey Wood in south-east London, UK. It was opened in July 1849 by South Eastern Railway.
East Link/Ostlanken High-Speed Railway Line
The East Link/Ostlanken project is a planned 150km, double-track, high-speed railway line between Jarna locality, Stockholm County and Linkoping, Sweden.
Dallas to Houston High Speed Rail, Texas
Dallas to Houston High Speed Rail (HSR) is a proposed high-speed passenger rail project that will connect Dallas and Houston, two of the biggest metropolitan regions in Texas, US.
Balfour Beatty Rail Corporate Services
Garmischer Str. 35
D-81373 Munich


Hotel Arcantis La Rotonde is a modern and colourful property, recently renovated and open all year round. The hotel is beautifully located in a stunning environment in La Croix-Valmer, offering stunning views over Gassin and the sea. This property is the ideal place to stay on the French Riviera for leisure or business travellers alike. You will appreciate the vicinity of the seaside and several tourist cities, as well as Wi-Fi Internet access throughout the building and ultimate comfort offered by the rooms. Small pets are welcome in the property.


What are the most important points to consider when starting your technology business?
Firstly, and most importantly, it is not about the technology. It is all about providing a solution for your potential customers. So, know your customer, and validate the idea with customers by creating a prototype to test with real people. The "Lean" methodology espoused by Eric Ries in his book "The Lean Startup" provides detailed processes on how to take the product to market in the most cost effective manner.
The Exit Strategy is probably not top of mind at this stage of the company's lifecycle, but it should form one of the key contemplations for the leadership team. A key component of an exit strategy is to have a business plan in place.
All great businesses may start with an idea, but the first step toward turning an idea into reality is creating a well-thought-out business plan. Behind every great business is a well-crafted business plan. Actually sitting down and creating one, however, can be a challenge for any entrepreneur. Not only do you have to take your great ideas and articulate them on paper, you'll also have to set specific goals and come up with effective business strategies, despite all the uncertainties. While there are many resources on the Web (as an example go to http://www.startupdonut.co.uk/startup/business-planning/writing-a-business-plan) freely available to the entrepreneur to draw up a business plan, here are ten, perhaps, out of the ordinary angles to consider.
If companies focus only on themselves in their business plan, they are making a big mistake. Businesses should use their business plan partly to address the competition. It is important to know your competition and how your business differs. You do not want to be placed into a substitution category. Clearly outlining your competitors' strengths and weaknesses in your business plan will help your business position itself over the competition.
Companies that want to be innovative must make it a priority from the start. To accomplish this, companies should highlight the importance of innovation in a business plan. Innovation must be a critical component of every business plan. By making innovation part of the plan, the process becomes intentional, not reactive or accidental, and sets the stage for a culture of creativity and innovation for the long run.
Since it is highly unlikely that you will start a business without ultimately having to make significant changes, business plans should allow for change. In a digital era where businesses iterate much faster, it's vital to include a contingency in your business plan for knowing when you need to shift. An example of a contingency might be: 'If we do not have 1,000 paying customers within six months of operations, we need to shift product focus.' A metric such as this is especially vital if your business operates on the Web or builds software. A business plan is great, but there's no point in sticking with a failing plan for too long.
On the other hand, businesses also should use their business plan to prepare for unexpected success. When creating a business plan, be sure to set up contingencies for a normal scenario and an insanely successful scenario. Be prepared to think big and to plan for success and growth, compared to being surprised and having to rework the plan retrospectively.
Business plans are not much good unless companies and employees follow them. For that reason, companies and employees should be committed to follow the points included in a business plan. The business plan should include a signed commitment by the leadership team. This ensures that the leaders understand and will support the business plan. Consensus decision-making is key to moving a company forward. Many organizations fail to achieve their goals because of lack of understanding and buy-in to the plan.
A business plan is only as good as the ability to implement it so all business plans should include a guide to implementing the plan's ideas. This will also serve as a sense-check for the leadership team from the beginning so as to prevent wildly optimistic production and revenue forecasts. One of the key challenges for businesses is actually implementing the plan. This is because often by the time the planning process is over the team is exhausted and burned out and they have a tendency to just go back to doing things the way they've always done them.
For companies to succeed, they must effectively reach their target demographic. However, a business plan also should look to target customers by factors such as lifestyle, needs and desires. These days it's not enough just to include demographic information (age, gender, income, etc.) about your potential customers in your business plan. Psychographics, or customer values, lifestyles, habits and interests, give you a deeper insight into your customers' needs, wants and frustrations which then helps you create products and services that really meet those needs and solves their problems. And the better you do that, the more money you make. This is all about that key ingredient for success, "Know your Customer".
As social media continues to grow in popularity, business plans need to highlight how to turn the use of social media into a strategic advantage. One thing that every business should include in their business plan is how they intend to leverage social media and social networking as a means to drive business to their website or storefront business. These efforts may also tap into a company's advertising, search engine optimisation and customer service efforts. No business plan should be without a section dedicated to the use of Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest or Google+ as part of their marketing efforts and channel for supporting and engaging customers. This should not be a "nice to have" warm and fuzzy cool thing to do; it needs to be a carefully thought out plan on how to use social media to your advantage.
A business plan should be sure to focus on how the company will keep their employees engaged. Never forget a systematic way to keep all employees engaged in the business and focused on their responsibilities. The plan must include ways to show employees their well-being aligns with that of the company; establish metrics for everyone's performance; and spell out the rewards for meeting the metrics.
Providing an exit strategy with your business plan can be a great help later on in the life of a business. Most people start a business without thinking about what they want to get out of it. Every business plan needs an exit plan. The main goal behind starting a business, aside from providing value to customers, is to build an asset to sell. When and for how much? This needs to be understood before ever starting a company. The exit plan could also form an important consideration for potential funders, as it will indicate that the entrepreneur has the intention to build an asset of future value compared to building funky technology for the sake of being clever or cool, or just for the sake of it.


UNSPECIFIED (2011) Avalanche rescue device US 8061293 B2.
A rescue device includes a control module to sense an avalanche, sense the direction of the surface and establish a target path to the surface. A nozzle is selected or oriented by the control module along the target path. A fluid reservoir is connected to the nozzle to force a fluid through the nozzle along the target path to the surface. This allows rescuers to identify the location of a victim and also provides an air path to the victim.


Eric Smidt, chief executive of hardware retailer Harbor Freight Tools and No. 41 on the Business Journal's list of the Wealthiest Angelenos, has sold a Beverly Hills estate for $39.9 million, the Los Angeles Times reports. Smidt's not leaving town, though: He owns another Beverly Hills estate, known as the Knoll, once owned by oil and entertainment tycoon Marvin Davis. Meanwhile, another billionaire is moving in: Markus Persson, the Swedish creator of video game "Minecraft" who sold his company to Microsoft for $2.5 billion this year, just paid $70 million for a Beverly Hills mansion, according to the Times.
Beverly Hills Has Most Expensive Home Listing in the U.S.


Written by Nicole Kohler on April 7, 2017 Blog, Digital store.
There are some huge advantages to selling digital products. There's no need to package and ship anything, fewer costs associated with stocking and managing products, and you can usually get new items added to your store in way less time.
But these products come with their own set of challenges. Have you ever tried to photograph a digital product? Or write a compelling product description about a downloadable file? It's not so easy.
Setting up an amazing digital goods store with WooCommerce (or simply selling a few downloadable items) takes some smart choices. Lucky for you, we've got a whole bunch of extensions that will help make those choices easier, and maybe even kick your sales up a notch.
Here are four extensions we think are must-haves for digital goods stores, whether you're a seasoned pro or just getting started.
Some digital products, like music files or photos, are priced pretty attractively. Shoppers may pick up a few items simply because the deal is so good.
One way you can motivate customers to make purchases of multiple products instead of just one is with the bundling method. And with Product Bundles, you can create bundles that incentivize these larger purchases via discounts, bonus products, and more.
Why buy a single product when you can get a bundle for less?
You can create bundles consisting of virtually anything you like — multiple photographs, music singles, several eBooks, related Photoshop templates, or whatever else you sell. Just come up with a theme, pick the included products, and you're on your way.
Each new bundle lists the individual items inside includes so shoppers know what they'll get. Also, bundles gets its own product page so you can link to it elsewhere on your store (say, as a related product or upsell).
Finally, as mentioned, you can incentivize the purchase of bundles over individual goods by creating discounts or adding free bonus products. You can even make some of your bundle products optional, so customers can customize their purchases a bit — and ultimately be 100% satisfied with their purchase.
Whether or not your customers purchase bundles, as mentioned, digital goods stores are much more likely to sell a bunch of items at once. And downloading all of those files, one-by-one, is incredibly tedious and time-consuming for customers.
WooCommerce Bulk Downloads can help you change that. This handy little extension modifies your customer's account area by adding "Select All" checkbox, plus a "Download All Files" button.
Grab and go. No more clicking all those individual links — just hit the button.
It also adds a "Download Order" option to the order confirmation screen, giving customers the ability to immediately download their entire order in a single ZIP file.
Now customers can get their orders faster than ever.
This will save your customers time and clicks, especially if you sell anything they're likely to purchase a lot of — say stock photography or templates for design software.
If you sell a lot of digital goods, or simply have products that take up a ton of space (like 3D models or videos), you might find yourself running out of storage with your host pretty quickly. Or you might just want a storage option that offers backups, or better uptime in the event of your store getting flooded with requests for that newest single at midnight.
One of the most popular hosts for digital goods is Amazon Simple Storage Services (otherwise known as Amazon S3). If you choose to use S3 for your goods, you'll need a way to link them to your WooCommerce store — and that's where this next extension comes in.
Our Amazon S3 Storage extension is a simple addition that allows you to easily link to products stored on Amazon S3 rather than uploaded to your host. Just pop a shortcode into a specific field instead of selecting an uploaded product and you're on your way.
Amazon S3 is a gem of a host, and this extension makes them easier to use with your digital goods store.
As a bonus, you can link to multiple S3 "buckets" for single files. This way, if you have anything really important, very large, or just want the knowledge that it'll be there when your customers try to access it, you'll have the option to serve it from more than one spot.
Our final recommendation is one that might help you think a little differently about your store and its digital goods, and possibly create a source of recurring revenue — something everyone who sells online should be looking for!
WooCommerce Memberships is an extension that gives you the power to make specific products or areas of your store members only. This is a really powerful marketing tool that taps into customers' fear of being left out — "if you're not a member, you won't get x or y" — plus, if you choose to charge for memberships, adds some revenue to your store.
A membership for your digital goods can take the form of anything you like. Maybe you want to only offer a few hundred stock photos for sale normally, but have a couple hundred more available for members. Or maybe members get access to special demo versions of your music, or can purchase new songs before anyone else. Or maybe they get exclusive discounts!
Members-only discounts might be a big selling point, depending on what kinds of goods you have.
If you're starting a digital memberships site from scratch, we recommend picking up the WooMembers bundle. This bundle includes WooCommerce Subscriptions, so you can charge customers for their memberships at the frequency you like. It's also got a bunch of other amazing extensions and features we think you'll love!
Both physical and digital goods have their own challenges — they just come in different forms. Luckily, these extensions should help you face those challenges head-on, whether they're a lack of space for your files, customers who need to download large purchases, or something else.
These are just a few extensions that can help you better manage a digital goods store. Have a favorite of your own? Leave it in the comments.
One extension you didn't mention for digital goods is Software Add-on.
Hey Collins, this extension was (in my opinion) a little too specific to be included in the list, so I chose to exclude it and include suggestions that were more broadly applicable to digital stores/sellers of all kinds.
You could potentially say the same for the photography extension, but as we tend to see more sellers of photography than software AND there's multiple uses for this one (selling photos to the public or communication just with clients, etc) I opted to go with it.
Good feedback regardless, just wanted to give you some insight as to why I did leave out a digital extension here. 🙂 Thanks!
Hi Nicole, I used Woocommerce in one of our website. I got a problem adding some products,for some reason it is not loading properly. Do I have install those extra extensions?
Hey Lauren, definitely not. These extensions are recommended for digital goods stores (or shops selling digital items), but they're by no means required.
If you run into issues with WooCommerce or a potential conflict between WooCommerce and a plugin, the best thing to do is reach out to our support team: https://www.woocommerce.com/my-account/tickets/ They can have a look at what's going on with your site and advise you on the best solution.
Is there a list of real "digital download" sites? The Pineapple Supply Co. seems to be a front to generate traffic for patreon.com. For example their nav menus include several redirects to other affiliate sites plus they have banner ads on their checkout page, which usually indicates they earn more money from the affiliate banner ads than from their own digital products.
Also the WooCommerce Photography plugin is for selling photography prints which have to physically mailed to customers, not digital downloads.
My bad Dan, I've removed that extension. We probably need to make that (much) clearer on the product page if not even I realized that.
What methods do you use to prevent multiple people from using the same file, where only one person has paid for the download? For example, if the digital product needs to be delivered as a PDF, like an e-book, besides coding a password, (which can easily be bypassed) what are some different methods to prevent the buyer from forwarding the file to another person who will use the digital product, but who has not paid for it?


The Cribs' Johnny Marr performed the film score for Inception last night (July 13) along with Hans Zimmer and a 20-piece orchestra – and you can see video from the show by scrolling down.
Playing at El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles, the former Smiths' guitarist took to the stage shortly after the premiere of the film, reports The Playlist.
The sci-fi thriller, which stars Leonardo DiCaprio, was directed by Christopher Nolan, who also helmed The Dark Knight and Memento.
The soundtrack was released on CD and as a digital download yesterday (July 13), while the film itself is on general release from this Friday (July 16).
This is the second movie Marr has scored this year. He has also composed the soundtrack to the forthcoming film The Big Bang.
Footage from the performance begins around the 8 minute mark of the video, lasting for just over 21 minutes.


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Very little of our ocean floor has been explored. In the following video, from the Colbert Report, Richard Ballard talks about how much exploration is left to be done and why it is a good investment...
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Cultures have sprung up fully developed (development process for a culture is said to take 3-4 thousand years) on the Indus River about 3000 BC. The cultures THEN declined. If these cities were on a shoreline that got inundated by the ocean that would explain how these cities popped up fully developed made of standardized clay bricks, with underground sewage, public bath-houses and an already established system of meditation that must have been a precursor to 'modern' yoga. (This civilization is called the "Indus Valley or Harrapan Civilization")
Since the cultures from which yoga may have come from popped up fully developed on the Indus and Saraswati rivers, where did these people come from?
Considering the rising sea levels over the last several thousand years, maybe the civilization began along - what used to be - the coastline of India, several thousand years ago. BBC reports about the underwater ruins found; "the structures are said to resemble archeological sites belonging to the Harappan civilization, dating back more than 4,000 years."
According to the BBC, the earliest form of writing has been discovered in the Harrapan ruins found in an archeological dig in Pakistan. (picture below)
Video - The Legend Of Dwarka: An Indian Underwater City
This video covers some legends of an ancient city that was swallowed by the ocean and contains some underwater footage.
Cuba's Sunken City (from National Geographic):
Deep in the waters of Cabo de San Antonio, off Cuba's coast, researchers are exploring unusual formations of smooth blocks, crests, and geometric shapes. The Canadian exploration company that discovered the formations, Advanced Digital Communications, has suggested that they could be the buildings and monuments of an early, unknown American civilization.
Many scientists are skeptical of any theory that might tempt people to draw a parallel with the fabled lost city of Atlantis. Geologist Manuel Iturralde, however, has stressed the need for an open mind while investigations of the site continue.
"These are extremely peculiar structures, and they have captured our imagination," said Iturralde, who is director of research at Cuba's Natural History Museum. Iturralde has studied countless underwater formations over the years, but said, "If I had to explain this geologically, I would have a hard time."
In his report on the formations, Iturralde noted that conclusive proof of man-made structures on the site could reinforce some oral traditions of the Maya and native Yucatecos. These people still retell ancient stories of an island inhabited by their ancestors that vanished beneath the waves.
Iturralde makes it clear, however, that just because no natural explanation is immediately apparent, it doesn't rule one out. "Nature is able to create some really unimaginable structures," he said.
Further research is scheduled to take place over the summer. Data thus far has been collected using sonar scans and video. The structures are buried under 1,900 to 2,500 feet (600 to 750 meters) of water.
There is also a report on Cuba's underwater ruins on BBC.
The Bimini Road/Wall
The Bimini road is a series of limestone rocks that go out into the sea. The standard belief is that they are natural formations but some people say that they are part of a man made harbor.
The most up to date refutation of that claim (that I can find) is located here.
A through investigation that refutes the above refutation (yes, I know it sounds funny) has been done by Greg Little called "Underwater Stone Formation At Bimini: Ancient Harbor Evidence" (since I got the pdf by email I uploaded it to my own Google account for easy access).
Best part of the Bimini structure is that it is easily explored by American divers and someone with time and money on their hands could do a deep sea survey of the general area and might find more structures buried underneath (deep sea sonar and satellite scanning is a way to get started). Although the PDF suggests a date around 9500BC, the type of stone structures found have been found in the Mediterranean as well. Thus this could be an ancient pier made when the ocean was lower during a mini ice age and not necessarily the big ice age 12000 years ago. The dominant theory is that it was a mid-way harbor to get to the underwater ruins of Cuba.
Underwater Ruins of Yonaguni Jima Off The Coast Of Japan
The strangest(and most convincing) of all underwater finds concerns the monuments of Yonaguni Jima discovered off the coast of Japan...which were hotly debated at one time but more and more evidence has been accumulating suggesting that the structures are actually man made(cut right into the bedrock like many other structures found).
Most alternative archeological researchers seem to believe that there was a technologically advanced civilization who built their structures in stone that existed at the end of the last ice age, when the sea levels were over a hundred feet lower than today. Since the biggest cities are always built on the coast, the place to look for ancient cities would be the levels at which the ocean used to be at before all the ice melted(approx 9500 BC).
However, even without taking such extreme dating ideas seriously we can see that there are definitely underwater ruins strewn all over the planet. Since the ocean levels are thought to have gone up and done with mini ice ages, it may be that we had civilization earlier than we thought just not as early as some like to believe.
Take a look at the following pictures of possible staircases and other structures that must be man made...(all pictures from The Morien Institute)
Picture #1
This structure is called 'The Turtle'
This structure consists of huge blocks of stone with a 'wedge' forming an arch. A common architecture design in ancient structures of Egypt and South America.
Triangular shaped structure - top view. Notice the gap between the stones. It looks like two stones chiseled and placed together. That is not a natural formation.
Triangular shaped structure - side view.
Short staircase?
Another 2 steps a few feet from the short staircase above.
To get an idea of the scale of these structures...notice the diver?
As National Geographic reports...
"For example, Kimura said, he has identified quarry marks in the stone, rudimentary characters etched onto carved faces, and rocks sculpted into the likenesses of animals.
"The characters and animal monuments in the water, which I have been able to partially recover in my laboratory, suggest the culture comes from the Asian continent," he said.
"One example I have described as an underwater sphinx resembles a Chinese or ancient Okinawan king." Whoever created the city, most of it apparently sank in one of the huge seismic events that this part of the Pacific Rim is famous for, Kimura said.
The world's largest recorded tsunami struck Yonaguni Jima in April 1771 with an estimated height of more than 131 feet (40 meters), he noted, so such a fate might also have befallen the ancient civilization.
Kimura said he has identified ten structures off Yonaguni and a further five related structures off the main island of Okinawa. In total the ruins cover an area spanning 984 feet by 492 feet (300 meters by 150 meters).
The structures include the ruins of a castle, a triumphal arch, five temples, and at least one large stadium, all of which are connected by roads and water channels and are partly shielded by what could be huge retaining walls.
Kimura believes the ruins date back to at least 5,000 years, based on the dates of stalactites found inside underwater caves that he says sank with the city.
And structures similar to the ruins sitting on the nearby coast have yielded charcoal dated to 1,600 years ago-a possible indication of ancient human inhabitants, Kimura added.
Click here to see more pics at national geographic.
Here is an abstract of a Japanese Study; Title;Research for submarine ruins off Yonaguni, Japan. Journal Title;Bulletin of the College of Science, University of the Ryukyus
Abstract;Submarine research surveys using SCUBA and sonic surveys reveal detailed topography similar to submarine, pyramidal features looking like a stepped pyramid off Yonaguni in Okinawa, Japan. The site is called Iseki Point(ruins site) as a leisure diving spot. Yonaguni Submarine Pyramid(YSP) is the major structure that stands under approximately 25 meters of ocean. Essentially, it has a cliff face like the side of a stepped pyramid, and dimensions of about 290m(length) by 120m(width) by 26m(height). Flat terraces, straight walls and its surface structure of walls with scars of tool marks driven in by a wedge on the structure are identified to be artificially fabricated. Appearance and size of YSP are similar to the biggest, ancient castles such as Shuri and Nakagusuku Castles in Okinawa Island, where they are called 'gusuku'. Roads associated with drainage canals were recognized, surrounding YSP, and that a retaining wall was found along a road. The southern point of the wall is composed of huge rock fragments. Stone tools and other artifacts were discovered from the sea bottom. Those evidence strongly shows that the YSP has not been manufactured by nature. It is identifie to be man-made. The formation age is estimated to be about 10,000 years ago based on 14C and 10Be age determinations. (author abst.)
The only difference between the Japanese scientific investigation and the one printed in National Geographic is the date ascribed to these structures. In National geographic the structures are 2000 years old and in the Japanese Scientific Study it has been dated to the last ice age (10,000 years ago).
Conclusion: Every time someone finds ruins underwater they immediately think they have found Atlantis. It is more likely that there are such ruins underwater all over the planet - especially the ancient coastline...there is still a lot of investigation that needs to be done. What we don't need to do is wonder if there are any more underwater structures. They keep turning up year after year, some in plain sight, so there are definitely more. A thorough exploration across the globe is called for (we have only explored 3-5 percent of the ocean floor, which means there is a lot of territory left to cover - which we can narrow down using data of sea levels to find where the ancient coastline used to be. That's where we should start looking for more underwater ruins).
I will look into some more ancient structures(on dry land) in later posts.
Labels: Ancient City, Atlantis?, India, Lost CityUnderwater Ruins, Stone Structures, Sunken City


The joint Downtown Residential Development Grant program between the city and province has attracted more than $20 million of investments for downtown development in its first year.
The three-year program was created in June 2010 and represents an interest in creating residential projects in the city's downtown.
Grants estimated at $7 million have been conditionally approved, representing 150 condominiums and 130 rental units. Another $12 million in grants are expected to be conditionally approved in 2011, bringing the total number of new units to 800, including 670 condominiums and 130 rental units. The average grant will be $24,000 per unit.
The idea is to attract more people and businesses to the downtown core and transform the historic section of the city.
The city hopes to add the Downtown Housing Strategy and the Downtown Parking Strategy to the project by April.
CentreVenture is the organizing arm of the project, which brought in $20 million combined from equal contributions from the city and province.


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Marwell Zoo
Marwell Zoo celebrates more new arrivals with birth of twin red river hoglets
The new additions were born earlier in August
The red river hoglets were born at Marwell in early August (Image: Marwell Zoo)
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Marwell Zoo is celebrating the arrival of its first ever red river hoglets. The twin hoglets were born at Marwell on Sunday, August 7 to mother Lisla and father Kermit.
Whilst the youngsters have not yet been named, they have made their mark on the zoo already. Keepers at the Winchester zoo report that the pair have been exploring their enclosure between naps in the hot weather.
Red river hoglets have a distinctive pattern with more vivid markings than their adult counterparts. In the wild, rows of pale yellow spots help them to camouflage in long grass and avoid being seen by predators.
READ MORE: Marwell Zoo: How animals are being kept cool amid record breaking temperatures across Hampshire
Gestation lasts around four months and the young are up and on their feet within a few hours of being born. Ian Goodwin, animal collection manager, commented on the zoo's new additions, saying: "Red river hogs are a species we've not had at Marwell before.
"It was great to bring these inquisitive animals in to diversify our collection. And they have gone and produced these piglets, which is a great bonus for Marwell and the species."
In the next few months, the hoglets will fully wean onto solid food, but as one of the smallest African wild pigs, they are not expected to grow massively. In fact, adult red river hogs weigh anywhere between 45 and 115kg.
Red river hogs are native to the West and Central African rainforest, and in the wild they face predators including leopards, lions, spotted hyena, and pythons. They are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as 'Least Concern', although populations are declining in the wild.
The new arrivals at Marwell follow the birth of a Przewalski's foal in May and an endangered Grevy's Zebra born in July.
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High gabled walls can pose a weathering problem for Northwest log homes. If excessive, the ratio of roof overhang-to-wall height can be easily overcome by the slightest angle in falling rain. Many homes were originally built and designed without this in mind.
The introduction of an eyebrow roof can be a reasonably economical but effective solution offering far greater protection from the elements. Eyebrows often become attractive architectural features as well give an altogether new look to the home. Creasey Log Homes was contracted to supply two such roofs to this home.


Elections are usually party games which a democracy conducts to keep a system dynamic. But the election of 2019 is different and the nature of the difference lies in the ethical and political challenges before us. The battle of 2019 is not merely a battle between the Congress and the BharatiyaJanata Party. As a party, the BJP has acquired a Mughal temperament communicating that it is a regime here to stay. The battle of 2019 is about the very idea of India, and every citizen has to decide the India or the idea of India he/she wants. Deep down, almost every major concept and ideal we have lived for is under threat either from majoritarianism or from mediocrity. This is not a mere battle of sterile parties. This is a test of citizenship where a mere vote is not enough. It requires imagination and agency to create the India of our dreams.
This election cannot be a mere battle of parties. It is a political struggle where civil society — long suppressed — has to articulate itself. Civil society not only has to determine the fate of rights but also the creativity of public spaces now being destroyed by institutions like the RashtriyaSwayamsevakSangh, Bajrang Dal and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad — mimic versions of civil society which rode on the coat-tails of the BJP. They have not been voted to power, they have usurped it. Worse, they have appropriated the space of civil society. This election is a battle for civil society to recover its lost spaces. In this context, civil society is not only fighting for its existence but it also has to challenge the nation state on issues of security and foreign policy. Thanks to the likes of AjitDoval and a spate of thoughtless think tanks, internal and external security have merged, allowing the State to enter spaces which did not belong to it. One needs to rework the idea of security if civil society is to breathe again.
Yet what is most disheartening today is the silence of civil society, the disappearance of what AmartyaSen dubbed 'the argumentative Indian' from public space. The hysterical mimicry we see on television is no substitute for the leisure and humour of the adda or the thoughtfulness of reasoned debate. Sadly, the media rarely debates political ideas today. It has already moved to the easy digestibility of policy which, today, is only a pre-emptive exercise preventing civil society from debating ideas. This election cannot be treated as a fait accompli only because Amit Shah thinks that he is here to stay. In this election, democracy has to prove that it understands democracy. It has to demonstrate that the pluralism of democracy cannot be substituted for by populism, majoritarianism or the lynch mob. In that sense, 2019 is an experiment for a different democracy, where the citizen re-emerges to challenge the party. In a deep way, this election will not decide merely a party; it will decide what kind of a democracy we are.
This is why an act of voting is not enough. If democracy were to be reduced only to a numbers game, the voter would become a denuded entity without any sense of the deeper embeddedness of politics. Politics today demands a more creative agency, a more involved sense of inventiveness from the citizen as a political person. Otherwise citizenship will disappear into a few rudimentary roles like voter and consumer and lose the deeper holism of politics as a process. Politics cannot be defined by parties with Pavlovian reflexes about democracy but by citizens, networks and civil society. To reduce the battle only to the digital space would be silly. The idea of the public in India has to be revived to include a deeper sense of political tradition, memory and the variety of choices before a people. The political binaries imposed by any party should be rejected and a sense of pluralism has to be reinvented again. The challenges before the electorate are not the challenges which parties dictate but the problems that we derive through open debate. The battle today is between a bully-boy majoritarianism and the return to the creativity of public space. Without civil society, without the public becoming active, the next election will be an almost anti-democratic exercise.
The citizen must realize that voting is only a final ritual of decision- making. He/she has to realize that without political activism, involvement, debate, experiment, the vote becomes a stamping pad ritual rather than a creative act of inventive politics. In this context, one has to mention that the word, opposition, and the idea of dissent have become misunderstood terms. They have lost their polysemy, and started marching in official uniforms enacting predictably official definitions. Consider dissent first. Dissent is a way of keeping alternative possibilities alive, of creating a whole which is more inclusive of the political parts instead of excluding or erasing them. Unfortunately, dissent has been distorted as anti-national. They create a literal rigor mortis of thought. The margins, the minorities, have been silenced and there is hardly any availability of eccentricity. We need new social imaginaries beyond the aridity of the nation state and the staleness of development as an idea.
The word, opposition, becomes constrictive when it is restricted to knee-jerk responses to power. It is seen as rogation. The opposition does not merely challenge the current choices, it invents alternatives for the future. An opposition challenges the current definition of politics which is becoming an enclosure movement virtually decimating the world of alternatives. One has to turn these concepts into more experimental, life-giving exercises where India can invent new options, imaginations and possibilities for itself. One must bring the playfulness and inventiveness of new ideas back to politics. Instead of retreating because there are no options, one invests new possibilities, new ways of doing politics. A new style of debate where one looks squarely at violence, environment, inequality, exploring new ideas of energy, dreaming a Dalit idea of the city, bringing culture and politics together, is required. This new panchayat of ideas is what the university along with civil society can create. It is in this constructive way that the university as an institution, as a commons of knowledge, can respond to a regime which has sought to belittle it.
One has to go further. The inanity of foreign policy and the way it is curdling democracy either in Kashmir or in rough the sheer tragedy of the Rohingya or the Assam crisis cannot be left to a few political managers. Society has to respond, create new fragments of storytelling, create what M.K. Gandhi called ashrams of the mind so one is no longer immobile, vulnerable, as one confronts the future. In fact, by reclaiming the idea of citizenship from the nation state, and the concepts of politics from the emptiness of party politics, 2019 can be the threshold where we reinvent democracy and politics. The idea of India is no ideological patent. It belongs to all of us and it is time we own up to it.


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Justice Politics
Right wing activist Mair had a bag of bullets on the day of Jo Cox's murder
by Ulrich Stephane Savary
The man accused of murdering Labour MP, Jo Cox, was found to have a bag of bullets and an EU referendum leaflet immediately after he allegedly killed Labour MP Jo Cox, the court heard today.
Cox, a mother-of-two, was shot and stabbed in Birstall, West Yorkshire, on 16 June, a week before the EU referendum vote.
On the second day of the trial, at the Old Bailey, the prosecution presented its first live witnesses including the arresting officers.
PC Craig Nicholls told the jury that he and his colleague, PC Jonathan Wright, tracked down Mair a mile away from the attack and found him wearing a black cap and carrying a bag.
After dropping his bag, Mair allegedly told them "it's me" before being arrested.
Nicholls told the court, "I said to PC Wright 'Is that him?'"
We drove past him initially, I spun the police vehicle around and at that point, the male had disappeared.
After following Mair through part of a cul-de-sac, Wright leant out of the window to ask Mair to drop his bag and put his hands up.
"I knew a firearm had been discharged and somebody had been stabbed," added Nicholls.
"We both ran towards the male – as we started running towards him he's gone to put his hands down the front of his shirt."
Nicholls added that after being arrested, Mair kept silent and was only said that he was a political activist.
He then allegedly admitted to having a knife and a gun in his possession. He also dropped a plastic bag of bullets on the ground when he emptied his pockets.
The jurors were showed photos today of the contents of the bag which confirmed Nicholls's statement.
Whilst Simon Russell-Flint, QC, defending, refuted the claim made by Nicholls that Mair said "it's me" and that he was a political activist.
Russell-Flint argued that Mair had said nothing at all.
The court also heard from one of Mair's neighbour, David Thomas. He said the man he knew as "Tommy" had lived there for well over 20 years, with a younger brother and his grandmother.
He said that Mair would do her shopping, while taking care of her. On the 16 June, he saw the defendant leave his house wearing a baseball cap, a dark green jacket, dark trousers and shoes and carrying a canvas shopping bag.
On Monday, the court heard Cox was set upon outside her constituency surgery in Birstall, near Leeds, in front of her staff and shocked passers-by.
Throughout the killing, the defendant was heard to rant "Britain first", prosecutor Richard Whittam QC has told jurors.
The trial continues…
TagsBritain First • Jo Cox • Thomas Mair
AboutUlrich Stephane Savary
I am UK political writer for Scisco Media, editor for RazorNews and Labour Party campaigner in South Manchester. Over the years I have written for many radical political newspapers, journals and blogs.
stephane_ulrich


Members of the Bethlehem Lutheran Church, Flinders St, Adelaide have produced their 2018 Lessons & Carols worship service on DVD. To order your copy for $20, phone 08 8267 7314 or email luthmedia@lca.org.au. Proceeds go to the outreach mission of Lutheran Media. Thank you!