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Category: domestic violence
child death, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, divorce, domestic violence, education, family, foster care, government, healing, missing child, system failure
FLORIDA Child Protection Agency spokesman faces child-porn charges
February 18, 2008 14thdaymom
Article published Feb 5, 2008
DCF to review personnel records
Agency spokesman faces child-porn charges
By Bill Cotterell
FLORIDA CAPITAL BUREAU POLITICAL EDITOR The head of the Department of Children and Families, "horrified and shocked" by the arrest of his agency spokesman on child-pornography charges, Monday ordered a review of personnel records for all DCF employees.
DCF Secretary Bob Butterworth and Florida Department of Law Enforcement Commissioner Gerald Bailey briefed reporters at DCF headquarters about the arrest of Al Zimmerman on eight counts of soliciting two boys for sexual purposes.
Butterworth, who fired Zimmerman last Friday, said he sent a message to all department employees — urging them to "work with your heads held high" — and said the incident does not reflect on DCF's work in protecting children in foster care, the elderly and other needy Floridians.
"There are certain things you can't prepare for. I guarantee you, this is one thing I never expected to occur," he said. "It is one person who committed, I believe, a horrific act — a horrific act — and therefore not only victimized his victims, but victimized this department, the media and the 13,500 people who work here."
Butterworth and Bailey said one of the two teenage boys in the Zimmerman case had been in DCF care. Bailey said "there were indications" that Zimmerman might have met a boy through agency services, but both men declined to go into details for fear of giving any information that might identify one of the victims even by inference.
Butterworth said Zimmerman had no access to DCF computer systems.
Bailey, representing Attorney General Bill McCollum at the briefing, said the FBI has seized Zimmerman's office and home computers, to see if he distributed any child pornography. Bailey said "there are indications that at least one victim was met through his job" but that Zimmerman's access to DCF records "was limited."
"I know of two victims at this point. There may be others," said Bailey. "That's what the continuing investigation will confirm or deny."
He credited the Tampa Police Department, FBI and McCollum's office for working with FDLE in the case. Bailey also said DCF gave "complete and open cooperation."
Butterworth said the DCF personnel staff will first check records of all employees hired under the new policy to make sure required background checks and fingerprints are on file. Then they will check everyone else.
"After we do all those after 2006, November, we will go backwards and hand-go-through each and every file of the 13,500 employees to make sure that everything there is also there as required by policy," he said. "I want to make sure that our policies are being followed in all cases. I want to make sure the background check is there in the file."
Butterworth said DCF policies before November of 2006 did not require fingerprinting of employees. Zimmerman, a former TV newsman in the Tampa Bay area, was hired in 2005 and Butterworth said that although he had "glowing endorsements" from two references — public-information aides for a police agency and a fire department — none of his former employers was contacted.
child death, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, domestic violence, family, system failure
Mother Kills Kids – Marshall Serving Eviction Finds 4 Bodies
January 16, 2008 14thdaymom
I wonder if this could've been stopped sooner with the right kind of help in a system that's overrun by false allegations and unsubstantiated abuse reports …
WASHINGTON (CNN) — The deaths of four children whose bodies were discovered Wednesday in a Washington home are being treated as suspected homicides, but the remains are so badly decomposed, investigators can't determine how the victims died, authorities said.
Authorities remove a body from a Washington house where four were found dead Wednesday.
"Scientific tests will have to do the verification" of the victims' identities and causes of death, said Washington Mayor Adrian Fenty.
The medical examiner is expected to provide some of those answers in 24 to 48 hours, Fenty said.
Police are questioning a woman in connection with the gruesome discovery, according to Metropolitan Police.
The victims appear to be between 5 and 18 years old, Police Chief Cathy Lanier said during a news conference in front of the two-story town home in southeast Washington where the bodies were found.
Because of their advanced state of decomposition, it's "difficult to see if there were any signs of trauma," Lanier said.
U.S. marshals found the bodies just after 10 a.m. when they went to the town home to serve an eviction notice, she said. The woman whom police are questioning answered the door when the marshals arrived, Lanier said.
It appears the bodies were at the home for two weeks, Fenty said. There were no signs of forced entry at the house, he added. Watch the mayor talk about the case »
The relationship of the victims was not clear. It was also unclear whether the woman being questioned is related to the victims.
Councilman Marion Barry, the former Washington mayor who represents the ward where the bodies were found, said he feels "somebody should have known that these young people were not in school or someplace."
child support, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, domestic violence, false allegations, foster home, government, law, legal, system failure, system failures
Check out LawyersandSettlements.com – Article written about my story!
Abusive Ex-husband Makes Sure Woman Loses Son
Its Almost Tuesday – Read Our Story on http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com
January 8, 2008. By Julia Browne RSS Del.icio.us Seed Newsvine Facebook
Dallas, TX: Mary's abusive husband, Robbie, vowed to make her pay if she left him. She dared escape domestic violence, but due to additional victimization by Child Protection Services (CPS), the police, and her own mother, she lost her 8 year old son.
"After my divorce I moved with my son to a 'safe state', Florida. Robbie followed me there so I had to get a domestic violence protective order and he wasn't allowed within 5 miles of us. He did try to contact me by email and phone on holidays, which I logged and reported to the local police but it wasn't considered severe enough for an investigation."
"For six years in Florida I was happy. I'd gotten married and was living the typical life of barbecues on Sunday and PTA. But stress from the aftermath of that previous abusive marriage and living in constant fear made things difficult and my new husband and I separated. In October 2003, with my family in Texas I figured we'd be all right there for a couple months but that was a fatal mistake."
It didn't take long for Mary's ex-husband to catch up with his prey.
"Just after the holiday season I reported his stalking behavior and calls to the police department of a suburb of Dallas/Fort Worth. On at least eight occasions they said, 'oh that's a Florida order, we're not going to uphold that in Texas'."
"Getting away with minor violations made Robbie bolder. He conspired with my mother to take my son away from me, even though he wasn't his biological father. Together they made allegations against me of mental and emotional abuse, of drug use, and they even claimed I was in a baby-killing cult. When my son was born I cleaned up my life and stopped any drug use. CPS did four different tests and found nothing at all so in mid 2004 I was cleared of all charges of neglect and abuse."
Mary and her son prepared to move back to the safety of Florida. Their nightmare was over… or so they thought.
"In May 2004 my son went to church and never came home. He was abducted. When I reported it the police, they and a CPS agent showed up at my door, not to give me news, but to get me to sign another accusation of abuse from my ex-husband and my mother. I refused. My attorney tabled a motion to have my son immediately released to me but on day the court order was signed, the police came and took me to a mental hospital for 'observation' based on a false affidavit."
"The doctor couldn't find any reason to detain me but during that 24 hours I was in that hospital Robbie, GrandMommy, the police officer and a CPS worker broke into my apartment and stole over $10,000 worth of property including all my home videos and photos of me and my kids, all my legal files and evidence, electronics, medication and even my wedding ring. Even our dog was gone."
Mary's son was placed in a foster home.
"Parents have to do something like take parenting classes, go to rehab or counseling to have a chance at getting their kid back. I did but they said I didn't complete their services just because I chose to get my own counselor, not the one of their choice. They called me uncooperative if I did anything that was against my civil rights but even though one of the case workers wrote that my case wasn't of abuse but of child custody they do retaliate, I hate to say. They ruled against me because I challenged when I knew things weren't being looked into, like my accusation of Robbie molesting children."
"The last time I saw my son was just before Christmas 2004. The case worker arrived without him and said, 'we forgot to bring him'. But that wasn't possible. He's nine years old and he knows when it's Tuesday. The next day, December 22nd, they brought him. He had a black eye, blood on his shirt; he'd been beaten. I never saw him again.
That's when I started my blog almosttuesdays.com which came out of a poem I was commissioned to write for Child Abuse Awareness month. It was all the things my son had said to me during out visits that we shared that no one else knows about."
"When I realized he wasn't coming home I fell apart. I was in such shock. I didn't have an attorney so I represented myself. Fortunately I'm a paralegal so I could write my own pleadings but they were just ignored. My son's name was changed, he lives with GrandMommy and I'm not allowed to talk to him. Then Robbie was jailed in 2006 for child abuse. I'm too tired to fight. How do you find an attorney when those hired by the state to work on behalf of the kids say it's too hard to go up against the system?"
child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, divorce, domestic violence, education, family
Divorce-iduced malice has become a syndrome… Moms Only…
Malicious Mother Syndrome – I say it is CHILD ABUSE SYNDROME.
While I've heard Parental Alienation Syndrome tossed around for years, a new term I've not seen before suddenly appeared before me in wikipedia – and I am amazed…
First of all, I want to say, if a couple divorces, using the child as a pawn, tool or means to an end – its not a syndrome, its CHILD ABUSE.
Harmful acts against a child that are done to satisfy the selfish desires of one of the parents is child abuse… even if you are not physically abusing the child.
But, a syndrome? if there was no malice…there'd be no divorce….
However, I do have to say – this "SYNDROME" is… a description of … my mother…
Except I am not her ex-husband and we're not going through divorce… so how does that work out as far as the male/female thing goes?
(I will highlight in red the article's descriptions that match those which I have suffered through my mother's actions… )
JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE,VOLUME 10, NUMBER 3, p 253-264, 1995
DIVORCE RELATED MALICIOUS MOTHER SYNDROME
Ira Daniel Turkat, Ph.D.
With the increasing commonality of divorce involving children, a pattern of abnormal behaviour has emerged that has received little attention. The present paper defines the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome. Specific nosologic criteria are provided with abundant clinical examples. Given the lack of scientific data available on the disorder, issues of classification, etiology, treatment, and prevention appear ripe for investigation.
A divorced man gains custody of his children and his ex-wife burns down his home*.(an arson attempt was made on my apartment)
A woman in a custody battle buys a cat for her offspring because her divorcing husband is highly allergic to cats. A mother forces her children to sleep in a car to "prove" their father has bankrupted them. These actions illustrate a pattern of abnormal behavior that has emerged as the divorce rate involving children has grown.
Today, half of all marriages will end in divorce (Beal and Hochman, 1991). The number of children involved in divorce has grown dramatically (e.g., Hetherington and Arastah, 1988) as well. While the majority of such cases are "settled" from a legal perspective, outside the courtroom the battle continues.
The media has spent considerable effort raising public awareness about the problem posed by divorced fathers who do not provide court ordered child support payments. Hedges (1991) has noted that less than 20% of divorced fathers provide child support payments three years after their divorce. Research on the decline of women's economic status following divorce (e.g., Hernandez, 1988; Laosa, 1988) has contributed to recent legislation to address the "Deadbeat Dad" problem.
While the media correctly portrays the difficulties imposed upon women and children by the "Deadbeat Dad" phenomenon, the cameras have yet to capture the warfare waged by a select group of mothers against child support paying, law abiding fathers. Every day, attorneys and therapists are exposed to horror stories in which vicious behaviors are lodged against innocent fathers and children. Unfortunately, there are no scientific data on the subject. Similarly, the clinical literature has relatively ignored the problem.
A notable exception can be found in the clinical writings of Gardner (1987, 1989) who has provided excellent descriptions of the Parental Alienation Syndrome. Here, a custodial parent successfully engages in a variety of maneuvers to alienate the child from the non-residential parent. Once successfully manipulated, the child becomes "…preoccupied with deprecation and criticism of a parent-denigration that is unjustified and/or exaggerated" (Gardner, 1989 p. 226).
In the typical case of Parental Alienation Syndrome, both mother and child engage in an array of abnormal actions against the rather. Gardner views "brainwashing" as a concept "too narrow" (Gardner, 1989) to capture the psychological manipulation involved in turning a child against his/her non-residential parent.
While Gardner's pioneering descriptions of the Parental Alienation Syndrome provide an important contribution to our understanding of divorce related child involved hostilities, the present paper is concerned with a more global abnormality. As noted in the examples provided in the beginning of this manuscript, serious attacks on divorcing husbands take place which are beyond merely manipulating the children. Further, these actions include a willingness by some mothers to violate societal law. Finally, there are mothers who persistently engage in malicious behaviors designed to alienate their offspring from the father, despite being unable to successfully cause alienation. In sum, these cases do not meet the criteria for Parental Alienation Syndrome. Nevertheless, they portray a serious abnormality.
The purpose of the present paper is to define and illustrate this more global abnormality with the hope of generating increased scientific and clinical investigation of this problem.
The present section provides a beginning definition of the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome, which has been derived from clinical and legal cases. As in all initial proposals, it is anticipated that future research will lead to greater refinement in the taxonomic criteria. The proposed definition encompasses four major criteria, as follows:
A mother who unjustifiably punishes her divorcing or divorced husband (or daughter/son – noncustodial parent of their grandchild) by:
The mother specifically attempts to deny her child(ren):
Attempting to alienate their mutual child(ren) from the father.
Involving others in malicious actions against the father.
Engaging in excessive litigation
Not allowing Regular uninterrupted visitation with the father or Uninhibited telephone access to the father
Interrupting paternal participation in the child(ren)'s school life and extra-curricular activities
Tile pattern is pervasive and includes malicious acts towards the husband including:
Lying to the children
Lying to others
Violations of law
The disorder is not specifically due to another mental disorder although a separate mental disorder may co-exist.
CLINICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
In this section, I will provide clinical illustrations for each criterion using the reference numbers provided above. As criteria 1-3 are behavior specific to the Malicious Mother Syndrome, I will provide a series of clinical examples. The fourth criterion which addresses the relationship of the proposed syndrome to other mental disorders, will be discussed more generally.
Criterion 1A: Alienating the Children
The range of actions taken by a mother to attempt to alienate her children from their father is impressive. For example:
One mother lied to her children that she could no longer buy food because their father had spent all of their money on women at topless bars.
A doctor's wife forced her 10 year old son to apply for federally funded free school lunches to delude the boy that his "daddy has made us poor."
A woman who for years was very close to the children in a custody battle, was asked by their mother to give up neutrality and join her campaign against the father to "dance on his grave." When the friend refused to give up her neutrality, the mother falsely informed her children that their father was having an affair with this woman.
These behaviors, if successful, could lead a child to not only hate the father but perhaps go years without seeing him.
As Cartwright (1993) has noted:
"The goal of the alienater is crystalline: to deprive the lost parent, not only of the child's time, but of the time of childhood" (p. 210).
Criterion 1B: Involving Others in Malicious Actions
The second component of the first major criterion where the mother attempts to punish the husband, involves manipulating other individuals to engage in malicious acts against the father.
Examples of this kind are as follows:
During a custody battle, a mother lied to a therapist about the father's behavior. The therapist, having never spoken with the father, appeared as an "expert" witness to inform the Judge that the mother should be the primary residential parent and that the father needed to be in therapy.
One angry mother manipulated teenagers to leave anonymous threatening notes at the ex-husband's home.
A mother who had lost legal custody of her child, manipulated a secretary at the child's school to assist in kidnapping the child.
In the above examples, it is important to note that the person manipulated by the angry mother has, in a way, been "alienated" against the divorcing husband. Typically, the individual "duped" takes on a righteous indignation, contributing to a rewarding climate for the mother initiating malicious actions.
Criterion 1C: Excessive Litigation
There is little question that either party in a divorce or custody proceeding is entitled to appropriate legal representation and action. Individuals suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome, however, attempt to punish the divorcing husband by engaging in excessive litigation.
A belligerent and unreasonable mother verbally attacked her ex-husband whenever she saw him. Over time, his response was to ignore her. She then took him to court, asking the judge to require the ex-husband to talk with her.
One mother told a judge that her daughter was not really her divorcing husband's child.
One woman refused to stop attacking her ex-husband through the courts despite numerous attorneys being fired or voluntarily leaving the case. Over a three year period, seven different attorneys were utilized.
Data exist which can help in determining the range of excessive litigation. For example, Keel et al. (1988) report on the frequency of post-divorce litigation in a sample of 700 families. Their data indicate that only 12.7% of families file one post-divorce petition to the court, whereas less than 5% file two or more petitions (Keel at al. 1988); less than 1% file four or more petitions.
Criterion 2A: Denying Regular Visitation
Experts are in relative agreement that regular and uninterrupted visitation with the non-residential parent is desirable and beneficial for children, except in extreme circumstances (Hedges, 1991). In fact, some states, such as Florida, have laws written to reflect this view (Keane, 1990). Unfortunately, even when the father and children have legal rights to visitation, individuals with Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome continue to interfere with it.
A mother who previously attacked her ex-husband physically during visitation transfers of the children, refused to provide the children when the ex-husband had the police attend to monitor exchanges.
When one divorced father arrived to pick up his children for visitation, the mother arranged for her and the children to be elsewhere so that the father could not visit with the children.
One mother had her physically intimidating boyfriend assault her ex-husband when he came to pick up his children for visitation.
The President of The Council for Children's Rights (Washington, D.C.) notes that such alienation is considered a form of child abuse (Levy, 1992).
Unfortunately, the police typically avoid involving themselves in such situations. Furthermore, unless a victimized father is financially capable of returning to court on an ongoing basis, there is little that can be done to prevent such mothers' behavior.
Finally, even when such cases are brought to trial, the courts are often inadequate in supporting fathers' visitation rights (Commission on Gender Bias in the Judicial System, 1992).
Criterion 2B: Denying Uninhibited Telephone Access
Given the physical absence of one parent, the telephone plays an important role in maintaining the bond between child and non-residential parent.
Individuals suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome engage in an array of actions designed to circumvent telephone access.
A father called to speak to his children and was told that they were not at home when in bet he could hear their voices in the background.
When one father called to speak with his children, the mother put him on "hold," informed no one, and then left him there.
Knowing that the children's father was away on vacation, one mother encouraged them to leave several messages on his answering machine to call back immediately only if he would like some additional visitation time with his children.
Some fathers find the alienation attempts so painful and fruitless that they eventually are extinguished from calling their children; they simply "give up." Placed in a no-win scenario, the father's "abandonment" (Hedges, 1991) unfortunately achieves the precise result aimed for by the individual suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome.
Criterion 2C:Denying Participation in Extra-Curricular Activities
An integral part of the process of maintaining one's bond with one's child is to participate in activities that one did before the parents separated. School plays, team sports, and religious events are just some of the types of activities of importance. Malicious Mothers frequently engage in maneuvers designed to prevent participation in these activities.
One father was deliberately given the wrong date and time for an important event for the child. The child was asked by the mother, "I wonder why your father didn't want to come to see you today"?
One mother refused to provide the father with any information about any extra-curricular activities in which the children were engaged.
Prior to a child's soccer game, one mother told many of the team parents disparaging falsehoods about the visiting lather. When he came to watch his son's soccer game, many of these parents looked at him with angry eyes, refused to talk with him, and walked away when he moved toward them.
Malicious Mothers who engage in such behaviors rarely have to face penalties for such actions. Judges, attorneys, and policemen cannot involve themselves in every instance of blocked paternal access. Furthermore, most fathers cannot afford the financial requirements involved. As such, the cycle of access interference perpetuates itself.
Criterion 3A: Malicious Lying to the Children
Given their developmental status, children in a disputed divorce situation are quite vulnerable. When one parent decides to attack the other by lying to the children, examples of this type of malicious behavior may include some of the following.
One divorcing mother told her very young daughter that her father was "not really" her father even though he was.
An eight year old girl was forced by her mother to hand unpaid bills to her lather when he visited because the mother had falsely told the daughter that the father had not provided any economic means of support to the family.
One mother falsely told her children that their father had repeatedly beat her up in the past.
These examples of malicious lying can be contrasted with the more subtle maneuvers typically seen in Parental Alienation Syndrome, such as "virtual allegations" (Cartwright, 1993). Here, the mother setting up a Parental Alienation Syndrome may hint that abuse may have occurred, whereas the individual suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome falsely claims that abuse has actually occurred.
Criterion 3B: Malicious Lying to Others
Individuals suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome may engage a wide range of other individuals in their attacks upon the ex-husband. However, with this particular criterion, the individual with Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome specifically lies to other individuals in the belligerency against the father. Some examples include the following.
One furious mother called the president of the (1500 employee) workplace of her divorcing husband, claiming falsely that he was using business property for personal gain and was abusing their mutual children at his work locale.
One woman falsely told slate officials that her ex-husband was sexually abusing their daughter. The child was immediately taken away from him and his access to her was denied.
During the course of a custody dispute, one mother falsely informed the guardian, who was investigating the parenting skills of each parent, that the father had physically abused her.
Snyder (1986) has reported on the difficulty imposed upon legal authorities when confronted with someone who is an excellent liar. Consistent with research on the inability of "specialists" to detect lying (Ekman and O'Sullivan, 1991), a skilled fabricator can be a compelling witness in the courtroom (Snyder, 1986). While sometimes seen in borderline personalities, Snyder (1986) notes that pathological lying (Pseudologia Fantastica) is not restricted to that particular character disorder.
Criterion 3C: Violating Law to Attack the Husband
Individuals suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome have few if any boundaries in their campaign against the divorcing husband. Violations of law are common in many cases, although the laws broken may be relatively minor. However, in some cases, the violations of law may be quite serious.
One woman deliberately drove her automobile into the house of her ex-husband where their mutual children resided.
In the midst of a custody battle, one woman broke into the residence of her divorcing husband and stole important business papers.
An angry divorcing mother called a Christian evangelical television station and pledged $1000, giving the name, address, and phone number of her divorcing Jewish husband as the pledge.
The above descriptions may remind the reader of certain personality disorders (e.g., antisocial, borderline, sadistic) but these behaviors may be demonstrated by individuals with Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome who do not appear to meet official diagnostic criteria for an Axis II disorder.
Further, in each of the four examples provided above, none of the Malicious Mothers involved was sentenced for such behavior by a Judge.
Criterion 4: Not Due to Another Disorder
In assessing the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome, it is important to note that many of the above clinical examples seem to have occurred in individuals who had no prior mental disorder diagnosis or treatment. In fact, one mother who engaged in extreme maliciousness toward her divorcing husband had several mental health professionals testify that she was not suffering from any type of mental disorder.
Clearly, it would seem that individuals who have Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome may or may not have a concomitant mental disorder.
In the author's experience, for each mental disorder that might come to mind to account for some of this behavior, an exceptional case presents. For example, in some cases an Adjustment Disorder might seem an appropriate diagnosis, yet one woman still denied her ex-husband visitation 10 years after the divorce. Other cases might suggest a possibility of a personality disorder diagnosis, yet one woman who repeatedly violated the law in attacking her ex-husband, received no personality disorder diagnosis despite being evaluated by masters level and doctoral level examiners. In some instances, Intermittent Explosive Disorder might be considered, yet the anger for many of the mothers does not appear to be intermittent.
Finally, the reader should appreciate that while diagnostic accuracy for certain psychiatric difficulties is not as good as one would like (e.g., the personality disorders, see Turkat, 1990), the problem is compounded in family law where incompetent mental health examiners sometimes become involved in the judicial process (Turkat, 195)3). Clearly, the relationship between Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome and other mental disorders is a complex one which requires significant investigation.
The above description of the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome raises a variety of important clinical, legal, and scientific issues.
From a clinical perspective, families that involve a Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome are subject to serious episodes of stress and distress. Yet, there is no scientific evidence on how to treat this phenomenon. It is particularly compromised by the fact that many of these cases that appear to meet the proposed diagnostic criteria deny that there is anything wrong with them.
An additional difficulty is that many therapists are unaware of this pattern of malicious behavior (Heinz and Heinz, 1993). As such, there are therapists who are "fooled" by such cases and, as noted earlier, will come to court testifying that there is nothing wrong with the mother involved.
From a legal perspective, there are some attorneys who may unintentionally encourage this type of behavior (Gardner, 1989). On the other hand, there are some attorneys who deliberately encourage such behavior, as the financial rewards for them are time dependent. In other words, the more involved the litigation process, the greater the profits for the attorney (Grotman and Thomas, 1990). However, even for the subset of attorneys for whom this may be true, there is a point of diminishing returns. Furthermore, independent of economic considerations, many who become involved with family law courtrooms find that these types of cases are not handled well (Greif, 1985; Levy, 1992).
The woman who is not disturbed "enough" to lose custody of her children in the courtroom will not have money denied to her because she engages in this behavior; nor will she go to jail. Thus, many clients report significant frustration when they and their children are exposed to this type of behavior, and the courts seem to do little if anything about.
In a review of pertinent law literature on bias against men in family law proceedings, Tillitski (1992) concluded that there is widespread discrimination. This is well illustrated by one family law Judge's statement that, "I ain't never seen the calves follow the bulls, they always follow the cow; therefore, I always give custody to the mamas" (Commission on Gender Bias in the Judicial System, 1992 p. 742). Similarly, it is noted that visitation rights of fathers are not enforced as rigidly as are child support orders (Commission on Gender Bias in the Judicial System, 1992). Such bias against men in family law proceedings results in a unique group of fathers who unintentionally become relatively helpless victims of the system (Tillitski, 1992). This situation would seem to reinforce much of the vicious behavior displayed by women suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome.
The issue of sex distribution of the disorder certainly needs to be addressed. The overwhelming majority of custodial parents are female (Commission on Gender Bias in the Judicial System, 1992). Gardner (1989) has noted that Parental Alienation Syndrome appears most commonly in females, although it is possible for a male who has custody of the children to engage in the same type of alienating behaviors.
The author's experience with Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome is similar to Gardner's. However, the present writer has yet to see a case of a father engaging in all of the criteria listed. This does not mean that it is not possible for there to be a "Malicious Father" Syndrome. In fact, Shepard (1992) reports that there is significant abuse of some custodial mothers by non-residential fathers. On the other hand, it should be noted that there are females who are required to pay child support, but we have yet to heara about "Deadbeat Moms." Given at the present time that a case in which the father met all of the criteria for Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syntlrome has yet to be documented, it appears advisable to await scientific evidence to guide issues of nosologic labeling.
How prevalent is the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome? The answer is unknown. Gardner (1989) reports that approximately 90% of all custody battles involve some aspects of parental alienation. Further, Kressel (1985) reviewed data indicating that up to 40% of maternal custodians denied visitation to the ex-husband in order to punish him.
Relatedly, Arditti (1992) reported that 50% of a sample of divorced fathers (N = 125) indicated that visitation was interfered with by the mother.
While aspects of parental alienation may be common, it is highly unlikely that such a percentage of maternal custodians would meet all of the criteria for Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome.
In regard to incidence, it would appear through the title of this syndrome that the malicious behavior is precipitated by the divorce process.
However, this is clearly an empirical question. While the malicious actions may first be noted during a divorce process, it is possible that maliciousness may have been present earlier but undetected. Research on pre-divorce parental conflict (Enos and Handal, 1986) supports this speculation. Relatedly, it may also be that there are some cases of pre-existing mental disorder that have not been discovered until the stress of the divorce itself unfolds.
Finally, it should be noted that research on the nature of post-divorce family functioning is beginning to emerge. Some data exist on the role of parental conflict in children's postdivorce functioning (e.g., Frost and Pakiz, 1990; Furstenberg et al., 1987; Healy, Malley and Stewart, 1990; Kudek, 1988), but studies have yet to appear on the more extreme cases of Parental Alienation Syndrome and Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome.
The Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome represents an important societal phenomenon.
The disorder affects children, parents, attorneys, judges, guardians, mental health professionals, and others. Until this phenomenon is explored more thoroughly in the scientific and clinical literature, the problems imposed by individuals suffering from Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome will continue to plague us. Hopefully, the present manuscript will stimulate research so that clinical and legal management guidelines can be developed.
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Frost, A. K., and Pakiz, U. (1990). The effects of marital disruption on adolescence: Time as a dynamic. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 60: 544-555.
Furstenberg, F. F., Morgan, S. P., and Allison, P. D. (1987). Paternal participation and children's well being after marital dissolution. Am. Sociological Rev. 52: 695-701.
Gardner, R. A. (1987). The Parental Alienation Syndrome and the Differentiation Between Fabricated and Genuine Child Sex Abuse, Creative Therapeutics, Cresskill, NJ.
Gardner, R. A. (1989). Family Evaluation in Child Custody Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation, Creative Therapeutics, Cresskill, NJ.
Greif, G. L. (1985). Single Fathers, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
Grutman, R., and Thomas, B. (1990). Lawyers and Thieves. Simon & Schuster, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Healy, J. M., Malley, J. E., and Stewart, A. J. (1900). Children and their fathers after parental separation. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 60: 531-543.
Hetherington, E. N., and Arasteh, J. D. (eds.). (1988). Impact of Divorce, Single Parenting and Step-Parenting on Children, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Heinz, H. R., and Heinz, S. A. (1993). Emotional incest: The tragedy of divorcing families. Am. J. Fam. Law 7: 169-174.
Hernandez, D. J. (1988). The demographics of divorce and remarriage. In Hetherington, E. M., and Arasteh, J. D. (eds.), Impact of Divorce, Single Parenting, and Step-Parenting on Children, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 3-22.
Hodges, W. E (1991). Interventions for Children of Divorce, (second edition), Wiley, New York.
Keane, G. (1990). Florida Divorce Handbook, Pineapple Press, Sarasota, FL.
Koel, A., Clark, S. C., Phear, W. P., and Hauser, B. B. (1988). A comparison of joint and sole legal custody agreements. In Hetherington, E. M., and Arasteh, J. D. (eds.), Impact of Divorce, Single Parenting, and Step-Parenting on Children, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 73-90.
Kressel, K. (1985). The Process of Divorce, Basic Books, New York.
Kurdek, L. (1988). Custodial mothers' perceptions of visitation and payment of child support by non-custodial fathers in families with low and high levels of pre-separation interparental conflict. J. Appl. Devel. Psychol. 9: 315-328. Laosa, L. N. (1988). Ethnicity and single parenting in the United Stales. In Hetherington, E. M., and Arasteh, J. D. (eds.), Impact of Divorce, Single Parenting, and Step-Parenting on Children, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 23-49.
Shepard, N. (1992). Child-visiting and domestic abuse. Child Welfare 71: 357-367.
Snyder, S. (1986). Pseudologia Fantastica in the borderline patient. Am. J. Psychiatry 143: 1287-1289.
Tillitski C. J. (1992). Fathers and child custody: Issues, trends, and implications for counseling. J. Ment. Health Counsel. 14: 351-361.
Turkat I. D. (1990). The Personality Disorders: A Psychological Approach to Clinical Management, Pergamon, New York.
Turkal, I. D. (1993). Questioning the mental health expert's custody report. Am. J. Fam. Law 7: 175-179.
Ira Daniel Turkat, Florida Institute of Psychology and University of Florida College of Medicine,1225 Avenida Del Circo, Venice, Florida 34285.
awareness, child custody, child death, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, domestic violence, family, foster care, foster child, government, healing, law, legal, love, parental alienation syndrome, system failure
December 24, 2007 14thdaymom
It is the responsibility of the parents to not alienates the child from the noncustodial parent. Those around the child can make or break a child.
It is the family members, co-workers, friends, neighbors, school & court officials, social workers, doctors, etc., who recognize the signs of this type of abuse and take the appropriate action that protects the child and victim parent.
Those people surrounding the child may save a life…
The effects of this abuse can be more than a little bit harmful, but extremely detrimental, and even deadly.
If you haven't read my story, you can find it here –Its Almost Tuesday, The True Story.
Children deserve their childhoods to be free of abuse…
The effects are devastating and may not be immediately noticeable, but long-term and lasting…
What is implacable hostility?? (Source: Wikipedia):
After separation or divorce implacable hostility denotes the attitude shown by one parent to another in denying access to, or contact with, their child(ren).What differentiates implacable hostility from the typical hostility that may arise after separation/divorce is that the deep-rooted nature of the hostility cannot be justified on rational grounds and measures taken by third parties including mediators and the family courts are to no avail.
Cases of implacable hostility are increasingly being seen as domestic violence and as a human rights abuse if not recognized by agencies involved, although it is important not to classify hostility as implacable if it is itself justified by domestic violence perpetrated by the other parent.
Implacable hostility is akin to Parental Alienation Syndrome; but is not the same condition.
The typical outcome of situations of implacable hostility is that the parent to whom implacable hostility is directed becomes excluded from the life of their child(ren). There are two ways in which this exclusion arises.
Firstly, the excluded parent, having exhausted all the avenues available for resolving the situation, finally gives up the effort. This may be done in the belief that the option of withdrawal is best interests of the child(ren) given the stress that inevitably arises from repeated applications for access/contact.
Secondly, the child(ren) may become parentally alienated — they deny that they want to see the excluded parent. Once a child has become alienated from the excluded parent, the originating implacable hostility becomes subsidiary. From this point, the formerly implacably hostile parent often claims that they are supportive of access/contact but they have to respect the wishes of the child.
Family courts are usually unwilling to force children to see one of their parents against their expressed wishes – and often fail to examine the cause of such statements.
Most often the child is who is harmed.
adoption, child, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, domestic violence, education, family, foster care, foster child, healing, love, system failure
How to Bond With Your (Foster) Child
Top 10 Five Minute Bonding Activities
From Carrie Craft,
Your Guide to Adoption / Foster Care.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
These activities are not for every foster/adoptive parent or every foster/adoptive child. Only do what is comfortable for you and your foster/adopted child.
Child's Age – Chronological and Emotional
Child's History of Abuse and/or Neglect
Comfort Levels
Please note that I'm not promoting these activities as a way to create an instant bond between you and your child. Bonding is a process that takes time. These activities are ideas that will help start the process of bonding.
1. Brushing Hair
This can be a great and easy way to spend time with a child. It also involves a safe touch, which is so important to creating a loving bond.
2. Read a Story
Not only will you be increasing your bond by spending time together, you'll be increasing the child's vocabulary and other literary skills.
3. Sing Songs
We used to have a tradition of singing songs before tucking our daughter into bed, favorites included Old Macdonald, London Bridge, and many different Sunday School songs. Also try songs like "This Little Piggy" where each line of the song is sang as you tickle a toe, involves appropriate, safe touching with a child who may be fearful of touch due to past abuse.
4. Clapping Games and Rhymes
Remember the games played on elementary playgrounds? If not here are some web sites with words. Fun activity involving safe touch.
Chants, Clapping Games, and Jump Rope Rhymes
– Please remember to use your best judgment in choosing which rhymes to teach your child as some are not appropriate for young children.
5. Bed Time Routine
A routine can include tucking in with a soft blanket, hugs and kisses, a short story, song, or prayer. Keep in mind the comfort level of all involved. If a history of sexual abuse exists or you don't know the child's history, protect yourself against allegations by having another adult with you at bed time.
Maintain direct eye contact, the first person to look away or blink loses. A fun game for older children and a great way to have eye contact which helps build attachment. Be sure the child does not interpret this activity as threatening or intimidating and understands that it is a game.
7. Hand Games
More safe touching activities like Rock Paper Scissors, Bubble Gum Bubble Gum in a Dish, or Thumb Wrestling. Some of the above links will take you to pages filled with more game ideas.
8. Paint Finger and Toe Nails
More appropriate for girls – this is a sweet way to spend five minutes. Consider allowing the child to paint your nails.
9. Rocking
This is one bonding activity in which you must calculate emotional age, history, and comfort levels. My son was 12 when he came to us as a foster child, but he needed and welcomed being held and rocked. I spoke to his therapist before rocking him and had no trouble in doing so. He was extremely small for his age, which made rocking him easier. Be aware of sexual arousal with older children and activities that involve such closeness.
10. Lotioning
Applying lotion to a child's hands and feet can also be part of a bedtime routine. Children of color will benefit from having lotion applied to their legs, arms, face, and back. Caution: Consider child's sexual abuse history, age, and comfort level with this activity. Some abused children can misinterpret different kinds of touch. Be aware of sexual arousal. If you sense that any activity is upsetting to the child – stop. Document the incident, tell the therapist at your next meeting.
This About.com page has been optimized for print. To view this page in its original form, please visit: http://adoption.about.com/od/parenting/tp/fiveminutebond.htm
©2007 About.com, Inc., a part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.
child death, cps, domestic violence, family, foster care
Settlement Reached in Lawsuit Filed After 2-Year-Old's Death
A photo of Whitney Williams, who was only 2-years-old when she died after being physically abused.
PRINCESS ANNE, Md. (AP)– The Somerset County Department of Social Services on Monday settled a suit brought by the father of a fatally abused child for $50,000.
The father, Clark Bell, sued Somerset County Social Services for $1 million, claiming the agency ignored reports that his daughter, 2-year-old Whitney Williams, was being abused at her mother's home.
Whitney died in October 2002. Her mother, Carole Anne Quillen, was convicted of manslaughter and was sentenced to a five-year prison term. Quillen's boyfriend, Christopher Allen, was sentenced to 25 years in prison for child abuse resulting in death.
Bell will receive $48,000. Another $2,000 was granted to the Williams estate, which in effect grants $1,000 each to Bell and Quillen. (Source: Somerset County, MD)
child death, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, domestic violence, education, family, foster care, General, government, healing, missing child, system failure
Register Your Case Against the Department of Social and Health Services
A lawsuit has been filed and is seeking class action status against the department alleging violations of constitutional rights. Nine Latina child care workers claim the state came into their homes and seized personal records in search of 'phantom children'. The lawsuit also alleges discrimination against child care workers on the basis of ethnicity and language.
Register your Department of Social and Health Services Case
If you feel you qualify for damages or remedies that might be awarded in a possible class action or lawsuit, please click the link below to submit your complaint. By submitting this form, you are asking lawyers to contact you. You are under no obligation to accept their services. Lawyers are usually paid out of the proceeds of the settlement or verdict rendered.
Please click here for a free evaluation of your case
Columbia Legal Services – Joe Morrison
(Source: LawyersandSettlements.com)
"Its ALmost Tuesday" and its blogowner is merely providing you with a link to register your Department of Social and Health Services case; we make no promises, form no opinions as to how your case may be evaluated; and we are not lawyers nor giving legal advice.
domestic violence, family, foster care, foster parent, healing, law, legal, missing child, murder, system failure
Schaefer: Trial by jury needed to remove child
December 2, 2007 14thdaymom
Last modified Thursday, November 29, 2007 9:03 AM EST
By Tom Law
Source: The Toccoa Record
State Sen. Nancy Schaefer last week called for an overhaul of the state's child protection services provided through the Department of Family and Children's Services (DFCS).
Among the recommendations by Schaefer, who represents the 50th District which includes Stephens County, was that a jury trial be held when a child is taken from their parents.
Schaefer also called for the requirement of a warrant signed by a judge before removing a child from their parents, except in an emergency situation such as a medical crisis.
"The Department of Family and Children's Service, known as the Department of Child Protective Services in other states, has become a protected empire built on taking children and separating families,"
Schaefer said in a lengthy e-mail…
"This is not to say there are not children who do need to be removed from wretched situations and need protection,"
Schaefer said.
"This report is concerned with the children and parents caught in legal kidnapping, ineffective policies and DFCS that does not remove a child or children when a child is enduring torment and abuse."
Schaefer offered as an example an unnamed county in her district where she met with 37 families to discuss the "gestapo" tactics of the DFCS.
"I witnessed the deceitful conditions under which children were taken in the middle of the night, out of hospitals and off school busses,"
"Having worked with probably 300 cases statewide, I am convinced there is no responsibility and no accountability in the system."
Among Schaefer's conclusions:
Poor parents are targeted to lose their children because they do not have the wherewithal to hire lawyers and fight the system.
"Being poor does not mean you are not a good parent or that you do not love your child or that your child should be removed and placed with strangers,"
All parents are capable of making mistakes and that making a mistake does not mean children should be removed from the home.
Parenting classes, anger management classes, counseling referrals, therapy classes, etc. are demanded of parents with no compassion by the system while they are at work and while their children are separated from them.
Caseworkers and social workers are often guilty of fraud.
"They withhold evidence. They fabricate evidence and they seek to terminate parental rights. However, when charges are made against them, the charges are ignored," Schaefer said.
Separation of families is a growing business because local governments have grown accustomed to having taxpayer dollars to balance their ever-expanding budgets.
DFCS and juvenile court can always hide behind a confidentiality clause in order to protect their decisions.
There are no financial resources and no real drive to unite a family and help keep them together.
The incentive for social workers to return children to their parents quickly after taking them has disappeared.
The policy manual for DFCS is considered the last word."The manual is too long, too confusing, poorly written and doesn't take the law into consideration," Schaefer said.
Children removed from homes may not be safer in foster care."Children of whom I am aware have been raped and impregnated in foster care and the head of a foster parents association in my district was recently arrested because of child molestation," Schaefer said.
Grandparents are not often contacted by DFCS when children are removed from homes."Grandparents who lose their grandchildren to strangers have lost their own flesh and blood. The children lose their family heritage, and grandparents lose all connections to their heirs," Schaefer said.Schaefer is calling for an independent audit of DFCS to expose possible "corruption and fraud."She also called for immediate change. "Every day that passes means more families and children are subject to being held hostage."Schaefer said any financial incentives to separate families should end, and parents should be given their rights in writing.She also called for a required search for family members to be given the opportunity to adopt their own relatives, and when someone fabricates or presents false evidence, a hearing should be held with the right to discovery of all evidence.
child death, child welfare reform, foster care abuse, cps, domestic violence, family, foster care, government, missing child, system failure
Failure to Protect – A look at CPS and the System
November 24, 2007 14thdaymom
I've added a new page,
Failure to Protect – Caseworker Files.
Go check it out and the source:
PBS's Frontline series about CPS and our families/system.
The information and stories are indescribable
and full of information everyone needs to know.
I'd love your comments on it, and if you've been
affected by CPS and the system, please tell us your story.
Everyone deserves to be heard.
"We see them in special education.
We see them in the justice system.
We see them in the prison system.
We see them as parents,
where now we're asking them about taking away their children.
So at some point, this country has got to come to grips,
where the rhetoric about our children
and the resources to carry out that rhetoric have
got to be matched. And there is not so far demonstrated
in this country that the political will is there to do that."
"The whole system is a way of dealing with poverty,
especially with poor minority families. And maybe if
we admit it, we would be more willing to take those
billions and billions and billions of dollars spent
on keeping children away from their families,
on providing support for children and families to
begin with, so that they wouldn't have to end up
in a system like this."


Always desperate for intelligent comedies to balance our preoccupation with overwrought family dramas, this one succeeds by accepting its limitations.
There?s an honesty and whip smart humour to the micro-budget Everyday Is Like Sunday that separates it from similar fare, and Moondi and Sloane have expertly distilled the disillusioned charm shrouding Toronto youth into snappy dialogue. If only every film about this doomed generation could be so smart.
Everyday Is Like Sunday is a comedy/drama aiming the lens at post-collegiate characters stuck between their imminently-ending youth and impending adulthood. The film follows Mark, Jason, and Flora, as they realistically attempt to pull themselves out of economic and emotional doldrums.


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Pelosi Says Trump Administration Leaked Plans to Fly Commercially to War Zone
Brian Naylor
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has postponed plans to travel to Afghanistan, charging the White House with leaking plans of the trip. (Bloomberg/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
The back-and-forth between President Trump and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi over the partial government shutdown escalated Friday, as Pelosi said the White House leaked plans for a congressional delegation to fly commercially to Afghanistan.
On Thursday, Trump said he was revoking a military flight for the codel, suggesting Pelosi fly commercial instead.
Pelosi was apparently prepared to do just that. But she told reporters Friday that in the midst of the planning, word came that the White House had leaked that the delegation was preparing to travel commercially.
"The fact that they would leak that we were flying commercial is a danger not only to us but to other people," she said, adding it was "very irresponsible on the part of the president."
Told that the White House denied being the source of the leak, Pelosi responded, "I rest my case."
In a statement released by her office earlier Friday, spokesman Drew Hammill said:
"In the middle of the night, the State Department's Diplomatic Security Service provided an updated threat assessment detailing that the President announcing this sensitive travel had significantly increased the danger to the delegation and to the troops, security, and other officials supporting the trip," continued Hammill. "This morning, we learned that the Administration had leaked the commercial travel plans as well."
The White House, in a statement released on background, called the charge "a flat out lie."
"When the Speaker of the house and about 20 others from Capitol Hill decide to book their own commercial flights to Afghanistan, the world is going to find out. The idea we would leak anything that would put the safety and security of any American at risk is a flat out lie," the statement said.
Later, White House press secretary Sarah Sanders elaborated. "It is outrageous that she would accuse the president of the United States of putting any life in jeopardy," Sanders said. "In fact the reason he didn't want her to go is because he's trying to protect American citizens. He wants to secure our border. And he wants a solution and he wants her to stay here to help him fix it."
Hammill said that "in light of the grave threats caused by the President's action, the delegation has decided to postpone the trip so as not to further endanger our troops and security personnel, or the other travelers on the flights."
He posted a similar response on Twitter after a White House reporter cited an administration official saying claims about the leak were a lie.
As speaker, Pelosi is the second in line to succeed the president and travels with a security team, usually on planes provided by the military.
Pelosi's delegation had planned to visit U.S. troops in Afghanistan. She said it would have been her ninth trip there. The original plans also included a stop to meet with NATO leaders in Brussels.
Trump on Thursday sent a letter to Pelosi calling the trip "a public relations event" and said it should wait until the government shutdown, now in its 28th day, ends.
Trump's letter came a day after Pelosi wrote to Trump suggesting he postpone his planned State of the Union address to Congress on Jan. 29 because of the shutdown.
Asked if the president's revoking the use of a military aircraft was in retaliation for that, Pelosi said, "I don't think the president would be that petty, do you?"
The White House Office of Management and Budget, meanwhile, issued a memo requiring that any proposed congressional travel using "government owned, rented, leased, or chartered aircraft" must first be approved by the White House chief of staff for the duration of the shutdown.
Late Friday, Trump tweeted that he would be "making a major announcement" about the Southern border and the shutdown on Saturday at 3 p.m. ET.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Data Exploration
Database Queries
Map Interface
What is the IsoGenie Database?
The IsoGenie database is a Neo4j-powered database designed to store nearly all the data generated by the IsoGenie project. This includes text-based data, such as temperature, pH or other measurements. It covers temporal and spatial data. If data cannot be stored natively in the graph database itself, links referring to the data files can be used in lieu.
How was it built?
First things first. The "database" encompasses several components: (1) the Neo4j graph database, which stores text-based information and serves as the basic storage structure, and (2) the web server, which is built using a number of different tools (shown in the accompanying figure). These two aspects come together to form the IsoGenieDB.
Data are imported into the Neo4j graph database using a set of open-source Python scripts, which are available on our Bitbucket page.
How much data, and what kinds of data can be stored?
If you check out this "recent" article, it turns out it's effectively unlimited. Actual usage is therefore limited by hardware, meaning whatever resources we can purchase. We currently have 3 virtual machines (VMs), each with 100s GB RAM and TBs of disk space. Each VM serves a different IsoGenieDB component, but will eventually be combined for improved access speeds and capacity. Data is duplicated at various data processing stages, from raw data that can be downloaded at the raw data downloads page, to the data uploaded to the Neo4j database.
Nearly any type of text-like data can be stored natively in the database. Images and non-text can have links referring to the actual data locations on the web server, allowing users to still access/download the data and see that data when placed in context of other data. This includes coring information, omics data (meta -genomics, -transcriptomics, -proteomics), terrestrial geochemistry, vegetation "ground cover," satellite and drone imagery (both stored as links). This data can be temporal, either 1 second/sample or 10,000 samples/second. The effective limitation is filtering/aggregating the data so that it is human-comprehensible. For example, let's assume that autochambers take 1 measurement every minute for 5 years straight, that's ~2.628 million measurements. When you query the database, you don't necessarily want to grab all 2+ million nodes, so instead [depending on the observed sample frequencies] the minute measurements are combined into hours or days, reducing the number of nodes to 1,825 (days) or 43,800 (hours). Users can then effectively sort through and filter much larger spans of data more quickly, while still being able to retrieve all the data associated with whatever aggregated level was done.
How do you deal with site synonyms?
For those who aren't aware, site synonyms are "unique" terms that each lab uses that all mean the same thing. One great example is the use of Sphagnum and Bog. One describes the dominant vegetation, the other the habitat classification. Over the years some labs have switched, others have been consistent - but one thing remains the same - there's no universal naming scheme for each "plot of land."
To address this issue, a unified naming scheme was used that involved sampling members from multiple labs. Whenever data is imported into the database the site names or their acronyms/abbreviations is passed through a naming dictionary that matches the names against all known variations. The dictionary also contains habitat types, vegetation, and other abbreviations which are then associated with the data import. This allows the original source providers to search for their own data using their own nomenclature while simultaneously allowing for other members to use "their" naming scheme to find the same samples.
How do we use this database in our publications?
The IsoGenieDB is low-maintenance (see other question) and is intended to survive through IsoGenie3. As such, references to the website will be maintained. In addition to DOI's being associated with each collection of data they belong to, we are exploring the possibility of auto-creation of DOIs (alongside a DOI-generating service) that will allow for IsoGenie members to "publish" their data, with a DOI linked to a collection of datapoints in the database.
How is this public site different from the private one?
The differences between the private side of the site and the public are significant, though superficially they are similar. The website pages are separate, so there are no pages that link between the public and private sides. (technically speaking the two websites are running on the same hardware). This results in 2X the coding required, but it effectively isolates the two websites. The major difference between the sites is that the data content is different, with only the data directed for public release shown on publications, data downloads, etc. on the public site. In the Neo4j graph database, only nodes with the "Public" label are accessible from the public querying page.
Can we submit data?
While we would like to eventually expand the database to include non-IsoGenie member data, we're instead focused on creating a fully comprehensive database for all our members and aren't accepting non-IsoGenie data quite yet.
What does querying mean?
Querying generally means using a querying language to directly query the underlying Neo4j graph database. As one can imagine, highly sophisticated querying can use not only a query, but also parse and/or retrieve additional information based on the initial data returned. Instead of forcing users to learn a new querying language - that even the most advanced querying syntax can only return "limited" amounts of data - we've taken a hybrid approach. Some data is pre-returned to the website for quick filtering. At other times, python is used in the background to fetch results, translating more laymen search terms into the querying language used by the Neo4j database. This is especially useful during iterative querying, where prior results affect future queries. For simple queries, i.e. those that have 1 or 2 data types, nearly all data can quickly be filtered via the querying interface.
The major limitation to this method is that there's no easy way of foreseeing what data users will frequently request, or data returned in such a way that it is more useful for the end-user. If you find yourself wanting to run the same query repeatedly, simply varying a few search parameters, that can be easily automated. If you want to query/filter data based on numerous parameters, or iteratively retrieve data, get subsets, run GPS localization and other geospatial analyses, you'll want to check out the "network analytic queries" for more info.
How can I explore spatial relationships in the data?
The IsoGenieDB is spatially-aware in the sense that it contains standardized GPS coordinate information that can be acted upon by other tools/software. This can be seen through the map interface, where GPS information is pulled from the database alongside other site/core-specific information and rendered on a coordinate system.
In a way this means that querying based on GPS information is limited (through the "querying" page) to text-based matches. The map interface is another matter. Since GPS information can be retrieved, the limitation to the sophistication of the map queries is limited only by current coding skills and/or available "plugins" that are designed to work with the Google-based mapping software that powers the map interface. For example, overlaying images is simple a plugin that can be installed into the map, as are distance calculations between points on the map, drawing a shape and selecting all the points within it, even adding "walking directions" is a plugin + a little coding to get it working with our data.
The ultimate goal is a fully embellished, feature-rich map interface that combines filtering of site characteristics and summarizing data based on any geospatial selections.
What does the graph structure of the database look like?
© Copyright 2020 The IsoGenie Project


text:
Biografia
Nato nel Missouri, Hern lavorò per la Rockwell International mentre studiava ingegneria aerospaziale al Georgia Institute of Technology. Dopo il disastro dello Space Shuttle Challenger lasciò il campo aerospaziale e trovò lavoro come imprenditore nel campo della ristorazione, gestendo dei punti vendita McDonald's nell'Oklahoma.

Nel 2018 entrò in politica con il Partito Repubblicano e si candidò alla Camera dei Rappresentanti per il seggio lasciato vacante dal compagno di partito Jim Bridenstine, nominato a capo della NASA. Hern riuscì ad aggiudicarsi sia le elezioni speciali indette per terminare il mandato non concluso da Bridenstine, sia le elezioni parlamentari che avrebbero assegnato il seggio ad un nuovo deputato per un mandato completo.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
Kevin Hern sul Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Politici del Partito Repubblicano (Stati Uniti d'America)
Rappresentanti statunitensi eletti dall'Oklahoma

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Our global health and safety law team provides clients with comprehensive legal advice on workplace safety and compliance issues, including the provision of health and safety policies, audits and management systems, as well as assisting with incident investigations, addressing regulatory orders and directives and the defense of prosecutions. Our lawyers know that workplace health and safety is a major area of risk for all organizations and one which requires a robust governance system from boards downward, including effective auditing and reporting and continuous improvement.
We collaborate with in-house client teams and technical practitioners to provide commercial and pragmatic legal advice on the full range of health and safety issues including security and anti-terrorism measures.
Drawing upon our established relationships with regulators and prosecutors and a comprehensive understanding of our clients' businesses, noting that we have particular experience in key industry sectors including energy and utilities, healthcare and medical devices, transport and heavy industry and manufacturing (including food manufacturing), we are well-positioned to help develop risk mitigation strategies to safeguard reputational and operational threats.
Our areas of work include
24/7 accident and incident support service
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Risk advisory, including risk assessments, health and safety policies and reporting requirements
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Transactional support, including due diligence, risk allocations and lender liability issues relating to the acquisition, disposal, financing or restructuring of a business
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Partner, Norton Rose Fulbright US Consultores em Direito Estrangeiro
silvia.fazio@nortonrosefulbright.com
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Whenever I have a great meal at a restaurant with basic décor - somewhere fun but functional like the Apollo Banana Leaf, perhaps, or the communal tables and strip-lighting of Silk Road - I think how utterly unimportant things like interior design are, and what a waste of time and money. Just give me a plate of home style cabbage and lamb skewers and who cares how comfy the chairs are or the state the toilets are in. It's all about the food, surely?
And then, whenever I have a great meal at a restaurant with lovely décor, I think how utterly essential the correct ambience is to the overall success of a meal, and how interior design is as crucial as skilled and knowledgable front of house in the resulting level of hospitality.
So the first thing to say about Bell's Diner in Bristol is that it's probably one of the most charming and attractive dining rooms in the city, and given that Bristol is about as charming as attractive as cities can be, that's really saying something. Cozy and ramshackle with that 18th-century pirate vibe that Bristol does so well, the tables are nicely spaced and intelligently located, so that I don't think there's a single one that you wouldn't want to sit at. There's just the right amount of interesting bric-a-brac hung on the walls and filling window spaces, and some lovely touches of vegetation to soften the hard lines. It's not plush - there's no starched tablecloths or hanging chandeliers - but in its own quirky way is just as comfortable a place to settle in and have your dinner as any gilded temple of gastronomy.
Would I be going on about the décor if the food wasn't also up to scratch? Probably not, but it does mean than when the food did start to arrive we were more than in the mood to make the most of it. House pickles had a good crunch and a good balance of sweet & sour, and Iberico salami were soft and salty with a healthy marbling of all-important fat.
This little pot of genius is something called "jamon butter" - soft, gently nutty ham (Iberico again I presume though don't hold me to that) mixed with butter. Spread on the house sourdough it's a fantastic way to kick off a meal, to the extent I'm surprised I've never come across anything like it before. It didn't last long.
Morcilla (black pudding) with chorizo Iberico was another classic Spanish nod; clearly someone in the kitchens at Bell's has an affinity for the Iberian peninsula. Soft, loosely-textured pudding with a nice crust, topped with tangy, oily chorizo, it's hardly a revolutionary combination of ingredients and is one you may have enjoyed before if you've ever eaten at a Spanish restaurant, but that's hardly reason to dismiss it.
Chargrilled prawns with tzatziki were perhaps a touch on the overdone side, but not so much as to render them unenjoyable. At the best of times grilled prawns can be tricky things to get right - undercook and they're gloopy and transluscent, overdo it and they go soily and wooden. Chargrilling adds an extra level of difficulty as if they cook too quickly all you'll end up with is the bitter taste of burned tendril. So all things considered, this was a fairly impressive plate of seafood.
Quail is far more forgiving with the application of direct heat - the chargrilling here had left a lovely dark crust and a slightly pink interior, with a scattering of fresh herbs to lift it. Polenta I can take or leave in most instances, but at least wasn't too much of a distraction here, and the grapes roasted on the vine were a nice touch.
Finally, lamb breast, rolled and (again) carefully chargrilled, dressed in a nice summery, oily dressing of artichokes and broad beans. I love lamb prepared in this way; the contrast between the crunch of the outside and the soft folds inside is quite something when done properly (which it only occasionally is). We ate this with a fruity Turkish red, Pasaeli 6N, recommended by the waitress. In a place like this, you're happy to let the front of house do whatever they think is right.
Bell's Diner is, in most respects, the absolute ideal of what a local restaurant should be. Serving reasonably-priced, competently cooked food in gorgeous surroundings, it somehow feels distinctly Bristol despite the menu being a pan-Mediterranean style that probably could do well anywhere in the country. Maybe it's the décor I mentioned earlier; it feels right, here and now in this pretty corner spot in Montpellier, because it's an integral part of the environment it sits in rather than some alien concept trespassing from somewhere else. It's a Bristol restaurant, and in a city with an already mature and fast-developing dining culture, remains popular even as flashy names from that there London (MeatLiquor just down the road, and Spuntino in the new Whapping Wharf development) scramble for local custom. Of course, any Bristolians knew all this anyway; I hope they won't begrudge me too much for shining another spotlight on it. It really is a very special place.


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The Myth of the Military-Nation
The Myth of the Military-Nation pp 1-10 | Cite as
Ayse Gül Altinay
In August 1999, Turkey's Minister of Culture Istemihan Talay called a press conference. His purpose was to introduce a new book titled Türk Ordusu (The Turkish Military).1 "Turks have been known as a military-nation throughout history," the minister proclaimed. "The Turkish military is synonymous with Turkish national identity. Our military has won great victories, glory and honor for our nation" (Hürriyet, 11 August 1999).2 The use of the term "military-nation" by a state official in 1999 was hardly out of the ordinary, and, indeed, Talay was not the first Minister of Culture to invoke the idea of the military as a key and sacred institution in Turkish society and the idea that every (male) Turk is born a soldier.3 The book he was introducing with such fanfare was built on the same idea; a state-published work full of statements by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (a speech that he made in 1938 was reprinted), the current president, prime minister, and other luminaries all centered on the "historical" and "heroic" character of Turkish armed forces. The first section of the book was titled: "Türk Askerlik Kültürü" (Turkish Military Culture).
Military Service Conscientious Objection Turkish Republic Gender Prejudice Compulsory Military Service
The state is not the reality which stands behind the mask of political practice. It is itself the mask which prevents our seeing political practice as it is. There is a state-system: a palpable nexus of practice and institutional structure centered in government and more or less extensive, unified and dominant in any given society. There is too, a state-idea, projected, purveyed and variously believed in in different societies at different times. We are only making difficulties for ourselves in supposing that we have also to study the state—an entity, agent, function or relation over and above the state-system and the state-idea.
Philp Abrams
[Since the 1980s] anthropological thoughts turned on how to write less imperial ethnographies, but not ethnographies of imperialism. Our practice of anthropology has not prevented many of the hundreds of thousands of college graduates who have taken our courses from being shocked by the violent opening of the 21st century.
Catherine Lutz
© Ayse Gül Altinay 2004
Altinay A.G. (2004) Introduction. In: The Myth of the Military-Nation. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403979360_1


The 185m² apartment is a penthouse in a typical apartment building with views stretching to the Acropolis and the sea. Having two opposite facades and many light shafts, the apartment should have ample cross ventilation and sunlight, if the previous fragmented plan were not suffocating the inhabitants in small rooms and narrow passages blocking the light and air.
Scapearchitecture's principal intention in redesigning the apartment was to introduce contemporary architectural qualities, such as openness in plan, structural transparency and fluid configuration of the interior.


The USA Investment Center is the joint pavilion of the US Government's official investment support program, SelectUSA, and its state and regional economic development partners. It is the central point of information and contacts for all companies at the IAA to learn about opportunities and assistance available to establish or expanding a business in the United States in the automotive or related sectors. All companies interested in learning more and establishing contact with our team of experts and representatives of the U.S. Government and state and regional economic development organizations are encouraged to register with us.
Guidance and counseling on all aspects of business establishment and expansion in the United States. Providing objective market economic and sector specific information relevant to legal, financial, fiscal and supplier/customer chains as well as infrastructure and clusters in the United States. Assistance with understanding and applying for the appropriate business travel and work visas. Overview of financial and other forms of support available to foreign companies to build their business in the US. Contacts to state and local economic development organizations and to federal regulatory agencies which impact business development. Services are offered without charge. Individual counseling and market overviews available.
Contact to companies, especially those exhibiting or visiting the IAA Commercial Vehicles show who are already doing business with the United States and and are seeking to growth there through establishment or expansion of operations there.
Tilting mechanisms, hydr., mechan., pneum.


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OREGON REGION SPORTS CAR CLUB OF AMERICA
About Oregon Region
Oregon Region Home
Join SCCA
Region Contacts
Track Night in America
Club Racing Home
Friends of PIR
Road Racing Event Results
SCCA Time Trials
Road Racing Schools
Oregon Region Special Class Rules
Solo - Autocross
Solo Home
Event Format & Classing
Guide to Course Working
Where We Race
2020 Solo Event Schedule
Rally and Rallycross
Rally Home
August 11, 2017 TNIA
April 14, 2017 TNIA
May 19, 2017 TNIA
June 8, 2018 TNIA
January 2020 Loud Pedal
Loud Pedal Home
Area Director
SCCA News
Road Racing News
Solo News
Rally News
Loud Pedal Archive
2020 SCCA Majors Super Tour
2020 Rose Cup Races
Remembering Friends We've Lost
Gary Bockman
It's often said that people come to motorsports for the cars, but they stay because of the people. If you have been involved in motorsports at Portland International Raceway at any time in the last 48 years, chances are good you have encountered Gary Bockman. And if you ever got to know Gary at all, he's the first person you hope to see every time you come to the track.
Gary became part of the Portland motorsports scene in the early 1970s. He says he wandered through the front gate at PIR during a Cascade Sports Car Club track day. He stuck around and became one of the most successful racing drivers the city has produced. He has also been a leading advocate for Portland's racing community.
"This track is my home," Gary says. That might sound like an exaggeration, but it's true. Gary not only spends a lot of time at Portland's fastest city park, he has put in countless hours volunteering to improve the PIR facility. Gary has done everything from putting in flower beds to refurbishing the bridge that crosses the track on the front straight.
When PIR's future was questioned by Mayor Tom Potter in 2005, Gary took the lead in forming the racing community's response. He founded the Friends of PIR, a non-profit organization created to benefit the facility. Gary brought together civic and business leaders, along with thousands of Portlanders, to prove that support for the track's mission runs deep in the community. PIR not only survived the controversy, the track has thrived because of Gary Bockman's efforts.
Gary's racing career is distinguished and enviable. Together with his friend Chuck Shafer, Gary set a world speed record in 2000 at the Silver State Classic. On a closed-off stretch of Nevada highway, Gary and Chuck took their car up to 207.780 MPH. At the time, that was the highest speed ever achieved on a public highway. Gary was also a versatile driver, and in 2008 he drove his team to a third-place finish in the Alcan 5000 Winter Rally, driving hundreds of miles north of the Arctic Circle and onto the ice of the Arctic Ocean in the dead of winter.
Gary's amateur and professional racing resumé includes many championships with both the Sports Car Club of America and his beloved Cascade Sports Car Club. In 1996, Gary finished in second place at the prestigious SCCA national championship Runoffs, and he almost won the same race in 2016. Gary served Cascade as club President numerous times, and also served as the club's Race Director.
Bringing new drivers into auto racing is a key part of Gary's contribution. Over nearly five decades, Gary has trained hundreds of new racing drivers and given complete novices their first turn on the track. As a teacher, Gary emphasizes car control. "When you're driving a race car at speed," he says, "you gain the ability to see into your future, and you get to control what that future's going to be." Gary always takes the time needed to give a student driver a successful experience. If you count the number of racing drivers Gary has coached and instructed over the years, you'll find that most Northwest racers owe some measure of their success to his teaching.
If you know Gary, you know he enjoys winning races, and when he wins you want to be near him to share his exuberant joy. But he is not a man to dwell on past victories for very long. With Gary, winning is a moment to celebrate with his friends before moving on to the next challenge. Passion, dedication, and community have always been Gary's hallmarks.
Marshall Atherton
Marshall Atherton passed away on December 16, 2019. He was 85 years old.
Marshall was a United States Marine who served in the Korean war, and a longtime racer. He raced in the first Rose Cup race in 1961 and was an active driver into the 21st century. He was also the founder of 99West trailers in Newberg, California.
Mary Thompson was the Oregon Region Board Secretary for decades. As the longest-serving member of the region leadership, Mary was the institutional memory of the club, and generations of Regional Executives and program leaders valued her wise counsel. At the track, Mary was known for her friendly and efficient work in the Rose Cup Room, registration, and driver services.
More than that, Mary always had a smile and a warm hug for her many friends. She was not shy about telling you how she felt about you, and seeing her was always a pleasure. Outside of the track, Mary was a devoted wife, mother, and grandmother to her family. She passed away on December 25, 2019.
Monte Shelton - 1933-2019
Legendary Oregon Region racer Monte Shelton has passed away at age 85. His professional racing career included appearances in the US Road Racing Championship in 1965, 1967, and 1968. He raced regularly in Can-Am from its inception in 1966 through 1974. Shelton also raced in the SCCA Pro Racing Formula 5000 series.
But it was in the Trans-Am Series that Shelton achieved his greatest professional racing success. In over 40 starts between 1976 and 1987, Monte racked up five victories, two pole positions, and 14 podium finishes.
On the amateur side, Shelton won the Portland, Oregon Rose Cup race a record seven times, along with nine second-place finishes. He raced in the very first Rose Cup race in 1961, and his seven victories were spread over five decades.
Shelton entered the SCCA National Championship Runoffs four times, beginning in 1968 at Riverside International Raceway. His best finish came in 1975 with a second place in A Sports Racing driving a McLaren 8F, which he also raced in Can-Am.
Outside of SCCA, Monte competed 10 times in the 24 Hours of Daytona including a 3rd place finish in 1979. He also competed several times in the 12 Hours of Sebring, and in the IMSA Camel GT series.
Shelton was a life member of SCCA, and was one of the six founding members of Oregon Region, SCCA in 1962. In recent years, he raced a Volkswagen Rabbit at the regional level, and held a current competition license this year. "I have held an SCCA competition license for 60 consecutive years, and never had a waiver," he said a few weeks ago. His final race was in March of this year.
When he wasn't racing, Shelton was Portland's premier British car dealer, selling everything from MG to Rolls-Royce over the years. In retirement he maintained a small business dealing in specialty vintage sports cars, known as "Monte's Motors" after his first-ever car lot.
Shelton is survived by his wife Sue, daughters Darla Krieske and Jamie Martell, sons Tony and Neil Shelton, and several grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
Steve Archer
SCCA Steward Ken Paton (left) and Steve Archer confer at an Oregon Region racing event. Archer had been in F&C before becoming a steward.
Longtime Oregon Region steward Steve Archer passed away in May. I knew Steve for 25 years. I was not yet 30 when I started training to be a steward, and Steve was a mentor to me as I raced and learned the challenges of managing an SCCA race weekend.
The thing that always struck me about Steve, and what made him such a great person to work with, was his calm demeanor and
positive attitude.
I never saw Steve lose his temper, and I'm not sure I ever heard him raise his voice. Far more often, he'd be smiling and bringing people together. He always had a big hug for me when I'd see him at the track - and I always knew Steve had my back.
One occasion I will always remember happened when I had a small tangle with a close friend on track. We both arrived in post-race impound with dented cars. Steve was on duty and I could see him walking our way. I took off my helmet and said "This was my fault." Then my friend said it had been his fault. Steve broke into a big grin and just laughed. If there wasn't a problem, he wasn't going to create one.
In my case, Steve showed me how to keep cool when things got rough, and to remember that we're all friends at the track - or at least we should be.
It's said - often in memorials like this, that people come to SCCA for racing, but they stay for the people. That's certainly true with Steve Archer - if you knew him, he was a reason to keep coming back to Oregon Region events. I am lucky to be able to say Steve Archer was my friend.
Ed Long
Some of you will remember the great races Ed and I had when he was driving his GT4 Datsun 510, and we had the EP Volvo. That 510 was previously owned by Dave Carkoff (probably not spelled right), and I think it was the last 510 to win the GT4 national championship. Those of you who didn't know him through racing may remember when he and Lynn allowed me to bring their Ferrari 250 PF Coupe to one of our backyard cars and friends gatherings.
Ed and Lynn both worked for NOAA, and Ed was a well-respected marine biologist, with a specialty in estuarine sedimentation. They loved Hawaii, and to our mutual surprise we once ran into them at the hotel we often stayed at in Kona. It turned out that they had gone to that same place for many years, and so several times after that we coordinated our trips. It was amazing to go into tide pools, or to snorkel over coral reefs with Ed… just like having your own private naturalist guide.
-Lans Stout
Larry Bergman
Larry Curtis Bergman, 70, died on Friday, January 6, 2017 near his Sellwood home.
Larry was born November 14, 1946 in Eugene, Oregon to his parents Herman and Freda. He grew up in Canby, Oregon in a home built by his father, where he lived with his parents and his younger brother Bruce. Growing up, Larry frequented the Canby Southern Pacific train station, where he discovered his love of trains and machinery.
He was "employed" at an early age gluing labels on freight for Dad in the depot. Cub Scouts and Zoar Lutheran Church activities framed his early years. When he graduated from Canby Union High School in 1964, Larry was active in band and basketball and was an Eagle Scout. In 1968, he graduated with a BS in Engineering from Oregon State University, where he also earned his private pilot's license.
Quickly, he was then drafted into the Army and eventually sent to Vietnam as an E-6 Airborne Ranger. After only a few months, he was dropped from a helicopter into a pit of poisoned punji sticks, one of which punctured his lower leg. He came home via combat hospitals in Vietnam, Japan, and Tacoma, completing his military service as a mountaineering instructor at West Point.
After his service, Larry found employment starting up steel mills in Morocco and Argentina. In 1975 he returned to Oregon where he joined forces with his brother Bruce to start Bergman Photographic Services, which later became GeoTerra, Inc. The first airplane of many to serve the Bergman brothers was a 1939 Piper Cub. Larry's piloting career spanned 50 full years with no accidents, accumulating 14,267.9 logged hours in the air.He helped launch many pilots into airline careers.
Larry and Bruce were avid gear heads and spent ten years racing classic cars at Portland International Raceway. He also loved boats, from canoes and kayaks to his restored 1962 Tollycraft, Dora Mae. Alongside his beloved partner Elizabeth Nugent, he enjoyed good food and beer, music, and gatherings with friends. Larry and Elizabeth loved spending weekends and holidays in their newly purchased home on Puget Island, which was to become their retirement haven. Larry is survived by his brother Bruce, sister-in-law Barbara, two nephews Matt and Jeff, along with their wives Rosie and Kim and growing families.
Larry left us too soon, and we will all miss him.
Larry Bergman (L - standing) with his brother Bruce and their #48 Austin-Healey Sprite
Robert Dratwa
Cheryl "Mindy" Allen
Oregon Region SCCA
This page recalls friends who have passed on.


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package com.restfb.types;

import com.restfb.AbstractJsonMapperTests;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;

class FromTest extends AbstractJsonMapperTests {

  @Test
  void usingUserObject() {
    From from = createJsonMapper().toJavaObject(jsonFromClasspath("v10_0/from-as-user"), From.class);
    assertNotNull(from);
    assertNotNull(from.getAsUser());
  }

  @Test
  void usingPageObject() {
    From from = createJsonMapper().toJavaObject(jsonFromClasspath("v10_0/from-as-page"), From.class);
    assertNotNull(from);
    assertNotNull(from.getAsPage());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub