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Online fashion retailer The Fashion Bible has chosen Sunderland's the Bridges for the opening of its first bricks-and-mortar store as part of plans to expand across… View Article
The Fashion Bible opens first physical store
2 December, 2021 | by The Retail Bulletin
Online fashion retailer The Fashion Bible has chosen Sunderland's the Bridges for the opening of its first bricks-and-mortar store as part of plans to expand across the UK.
Founded by Lisa Fox ten years ago, the company has both a UK and international customer base.
Speaking of the new store opening, Fox said: "It was just the right time to do this. And because I'm from Sunderland I always wanted our first flagship store to be in my hometown."
The Fashion Bible previously had a high street presence due to its clothing being stocked by four Topshop stores in the Trafford Centre, the Arndale Centre, Eldon Square and at the Bridges. Prior to Topshop's demise, the company was planning for the brand to be rolled out to more of the retailer's stores.
Fox added: "Because it did go so well in those stores, it has given us the confidence to go it alone and open our own stores."
The new shop at the Bridges is in a prime location opposite River Island.
The company is hoping to eventually be able to design and manufacture its own lines, which will be sold both online and in-store.
Fox said: "This is very exciting for us and we can't wait for people in the North East to see what we have to offer."
Karen Eve, centre director of the Bridges, added: "This is a great coup for the centre and amazing to have the very first stand-alone Fashion Bible store in the Bridges. It will not only enhance our clothing offering but also highlights the confidence that the company has in Sunderland."
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For the last 20 years, Eastern Long Island Hospital has been helping adults who struggle with addiction and co-occurring disorders. Known as Quannacut, this substance abuse program provides adults in Long Island with comprehensive options to battle alcoholism and drug addiction. Located in the center of the island just miles from the Peconic River, Quannacut offers group therapy for both residential and outpatient treatment.
The 28-day inpatient program at Eastern Long Island Hospital is a typical clinical setting. The 20-bed unit is co-ed, treating adults 18 and over. There are 10 double occupancy rooms that each have their own restroom. Twin beds with nightstands and a shared closet make for simple but adequate décor.
Three meals a day are prepared by the hospital cafeteria and brought to the unit; special dietary requests can be accommodated. There is a TV room and a small kitchen with a refrigerator and microwave where residents can enjoy in-between meal snacks.
There is no smoking on this campus—people who smoke are prescribed a nicotine patch. There are also no cell phones, laptops or electronic devices allowed.
A licensed substance abuse counselor conducts an initial assessment after which a treatment plan is outlined. For clients needing detox, Eastern Long Island Hospital uses Suboxone for opiate withdrawals and Librium for alcohol addiction. There are 10 beds in the detox unit on the same floor as Quannacut. All detox clients are monitored 24 hours per day by a registered nurse, until it is deemed time for them to move into the residential unit.
Each client is assigned an individual counselor and sees a psychiatrist for any co-occurring disorders that require medication treatment. Days in residential treatment are structured, beginning with breakfast at 7:30 am. Group therapy runs from 9 am until noon and resumes again after lunch. Topics include addiction education, relapse prevention and stress management. All residents have individual therapy once a week (or more if needed) with their counselor. Four nights a week clients attend 12-step meetings on-site. Friday nights consist of a movie and popcorn on the unit. Saturday the unit is business as usual in the morning, with the afternoons free. Visiting is on Sundays for those who area cleared by the treatment team. All visitors must be over the age of 13 and be either a relative or significant other.
All counselors are CASAC certified and utilize a CBT-based approach. There are three counselors, one psychiatrist, an RN and one treatment tech on the floor. Residents see a psychiatrist if needed and meet the unit physician at least twice in their 28-day stay. Any health issues outside of addiction are also addressed during treatment.
Just an hour South of Greenport in Riverhead, New York, Eastern Long Island Hospital also offers an outpatient substance abuse program. While the program is typically six to eight weeks, duration varies depending on the needs of the client. Clients participate in three 90-minute group sessions per week, consisting of group therapy and addiction education. Group size varies, but is limited to 15. Topics include relapse prevention, coping skills, family dynamics, stress reduction and anger management if appropriate. Clients who need it have the option of adding an extra group therapy session per week. A licensed substance abuse counselor facilitates all groups and individual therapy is booked on a per client basis.
At least twice day a member of the treatment team takes the clients out for a walk (weather permitting). There are also optional yoga and acupuncture sessions on the unit.
Sunday is family day in the residential program, beginning at 10 am. Family members attend a 90-minute education class, facilitated by one of the counselors. After lunch, families are divided into groups for family session. At 3 pm, clients have visiting time with their loved ones and the day concludes at 5 pm.
Eastern Long Island Hospital also offers adolescent outpatient services for those between the ages of 18 and 23. This group meets three times per week and addresses topics related to peer pressure, addiction education and family dynamics.
There is also a sober living option available for men who are attending outpatient programs through Eastern Long Island Hospital.
Eastern Long Island Hospital offers residential and outpatient treatment for adults struggling with substance abuse and co-occurring disorders. Residents get the benefit of a full clinical staff and the opportunity to treat unrelated medical conditions as well as co-occurring disorders. The hospital offers a solid family program for residential clients and a thorough outpatient program that could be used as a continuation of treatment after that first 28 days. In all, Eastern Long Island offers a solid option for recovery.
Do you have a complaint or review of Eastern Long Island Hospital to add? Use the comments area below to add your Eastern Long Island Hospital review.


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Q: Azure Function Security - Only Allow Logic Apps I have a logic app that I would like to only be accessible from some specific logic apps that I have.
Is there a way that I can do this with roles or groups?

A: For this requirements, I don't think we can implement it by roles or groups. According to some test, just found a setting which can set accessible for other logic apps but not specific logic apps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In 2018 we launched the Landlord Investment Show awards to celebrate excellence in the private rented sector.
The night was a great success with over 400 in attendance and the very funny Rob Beckett hosting the awards.
The LIS Awards will be back with a bang in 2019 and it would be great to have you part of this night.


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Super League suspends next weekend's soccer action
By George Georgakopoulos
The Super League announced on Friday that it is suspending next weekend's action in protest at a new sports law cleared through Parliament this week.
As a result, the 22nd round of games will be played as normal on Saturday and Sunday, February 18 and 19, but the 23rd round, scheduled for February 25-26 will be put off for at least one week.
"In response to the abuse and the slander we suffered from members of the Greek Parliament, to the enactment of objective responsibility which renders punishable the occupation of soccer, to the linkage of the OPAP sponsorship with political objectives, and to the tax burdens imposed on soccer clubs, the governing board of the Super League decided today the suspension of the 23rd round of games on February 25-26 as a warning,» read the Super League statement.
"We have all realized now that soccer has become a punching bag for irresponsible politicians,» the statement adds.
"Those who are sitting pretty on their parliamentary seats, a little before they are lost in oblivion for good, have found soccer as the easy target for them to show their non-existent sensitivity and daring character,» suggested the unusually strong-worded statement.
The consequence of the decision is that the rest of the soccer calendar has been put off by at least a week, though it does give some breathing room to Olympiakos and PAOK who are involved in Europa League games this month.
It will also avert the overlap of the league derby between Panathinaikos and Olympiakos on March 11 with the basketball cup final, probably between the same teams, scheduled for the same date.
PAOK gets 0-0 draw at Udine
Colossal win for Reds on Rhodes
Olympiakos Volou fails in CAS appeal
Carroll the Olympiakos hero in Moscow win
Olympiakos scores narrow win in derby
PAO recovers lead with win over Xanthi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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White House's top scientist resigns over accusations of bullying
By Rebecca Trager2022-02-09T15:26:00+00:00
Source: © Alex Wong/Getty Images
Lander was accused by 14 former and current White House staffers of creating a 'toxic work environment'
President Joe Biden's renowned and widely respected science adviser Eric Lander has resigned amid allegations that he 'bullied and demeaned subordinates'. Lander is the first Cabinet member of the Biden administration who has left or been terminated.
Lander's appointment a year ago by Biden was met with an enthusiastic response from the scientific community and prior to joining the White House team he served as president and founding director of the Broad Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. The geneticist, molecular biologist and mathematician sparked controversy with a 2016 essay in Cell that downplayed the role of two women – University of California, Berkeley's Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier from the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Germany – in developing the revolutionary gene-editing system Crispr-Cas9. Lander's essay instead played up the role of the Broad Institute's male biochemist Feng Zhang in that discovery. Doudna and Charpentier went on to win the chemistry Nobel prize in 2020 for their work.
After Politico broke the story on 7 February that a White House investigation had yielded 'credible evidence' that Lander had acted inappropriately with staff and violated the White House's workplace policy, Lander stepped down the same day. Of the 140 staffers in the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) that Lander headed, 14 current and former workers had shared similar descriptions of a 'toxic work environment' where he allegedly intimidated and humiliated staff, recordings and documents obtained by Politico showed.
In a press briefing, Biden spokesperson Jen Psaki acknowledged that Lander's behaviour was 'inappropriate' and that 'corrective actions needed to be taken'. She said the White House would monitor for compliance moving forward, and also noted that Lander had sent a message to his staff outlining steps he intended to take to build a respectful work environment. He reportedly apologised for his behaviour but, just hours later, Lander announced his resignation and Biden accepted it.
At the 7 February press conference, Psaki had faced a barrage of questions from reporters about why Lander hadn't been fired, given that Biden had warned staffers and appointees on his first day as president not to disrespect colleagues. 'If you are ever working with me and I hear you treat another colleague with disrespect, talk down to someone, I promise you I will fire you on the spot. On the spot, no "if", "ands" or "buts",' the president stated on 20 January 2021.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science's (AAAS) leadership issued a joint statement saying they were 'disappointed' to learn about the White House investigation's findings that 'reportedly found Office of Science and Technology Policy director Eric Lander is not conducting himself in a manner befitting a scientist or scientific leader – much less a cabinet-level leader in the administration.' The AAAS's chief executive Sudip Parikh, chair of the board Claire Fraser, president Susan Amara and president-elect Gilda Barabino added: 'Unfortunately, toxic behavioural issues still make their way into the Stem community where they stifle participation and innovation. OSTP should be a model for a respectful and positive workplace for the scientific community – not one that further exacerbates these issues.'
The Democratic chairwoman of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee and its top Republican sent a joint letter to Biden asking for a copy of the investigation report and a briefing on the steps being taken to ensure a safe, respectful OSTP workforce environment that furthers the office's mission to maximise the benefits of science and technology.
Rebecca TragerSenior US correspondent, Chemistry World
Eminent NYU chemist fired after students complain about taxing organic chemistry course
Maitland Jones's sacking highlights tensions between student expectations, academic rigour and teaching styles
US visa changes aim to attract and retain foreign Stem students
Biden administration announces new pathways for international students to remain for longer after graduation
What next for the US's China Initiative after the case against MIT's Gang Chen falls apart?
The US's probe into researchers' ties to China and potential theft of intellectual property stands on a knife edge


The Space is an atmospheric, multi-purpose arts centre set in a delightful and architecturally significant 19th century Presbyterian church.
We are available for hire for arts events, rehearsals, film and photo shoots, conferences, Christmas parties, wedding receptions and more. Please note we are unable to hire for religious events(e.g. Church services), 18/21st Birthday parties and School leavers/Prom events.
On street parking after 6 pm on the weekends.
All alcohol must be purchased through our approved catering supplier.
Hire times must include your set up and tear down times. (E.g. Party starts at 8 but need 2 hours set up please book from 6pm) Minimum 4 hour hire bookings please.
The Space is an atmospheric, multi-purpose arts centre set in a delightful and architecturally significant 19th-century Presbyterian church.
We are available for hire for arts events, rehearsals, film and photo shoots, conferences, Christmas parties, wedding receptions and more.
We provide an excellent and adaptable venue for a wide range of arts, business and social activities. If you want a location with character and the support of a friendly, expert in-house team, then the Space is for you. We are a fully accessible building with Hubbub café/bar attached and parking spaces available.
A £800,000 complete restoration of our Grade II listed building was carried out in 1996, combining the best of the building's distinctive features with the introduction of modern facilities. You will have access to tables, chairs, PA system, lighting and a Steinway grand piano.


It'd shock to you, however there are specific gadgets like suspension system, electrical system, clutch and kit transmission system, exhaust system, engine oil and many others, which equally impacts the efficiency of any automobile. Subsequently, it turns into indispensable for the automobile homeowners to pay equal consideration in direction of all of the elements of their car.Allow us to, as an illustration, says the exhaust system of your automobile. What can be your reply if somebody asks you that what's an exhaust system? Clearly, being a layman your reply can be that it's a sort of system that's used for throwing out smokes and a odor that emerge at totally different locations as an affect of various actions carried out inside that particular place. Undoubtedly, your reply is appropriate to an enormous extent, as a result of since our childhood we have now seen exhaust followers put in in numerous parts of our home, particularly in kitchen and washroom.However, have you learnt that exhaust system that can also be put in in your loved one automobile that you just drive to your workplace each morning additionally performs the identical operate and throws out toxic gases out of your automobile that generated whereas driving. I'm positive, being an knowledgeable driver you have to be conscious this truth, however like a lot of the automobile homeowners you'll haven't paid any consideration in direction of it and would have thought-about it solely as a component that's used for checking the extent of air pollution, that whether or not it's polluting the surroundings or not.Curiously, together with disposing the hazardous gases out of the car the system additionally helps in minimizing the sounds which can be generated through the transmission. It may be mentioned that exhaust system not directly acts as the security machine on your car because it transits carbon monoxide simply from the purpose that's behind the seats for rear passengers. If, there may be any harm within the gadgets used for manufacturing the exhaust pipe of the automobile the gases will transfer contained in the cabin ensuing unconsciousness, nausea, complications, even loss of life if the leakage of gases contained in the cabin is at excessive pace.In easy phrases it may be mentioned that being a automobile proprietor it's anticipated from you to pay acceptable consideration in direction of all elements of your car relatively than concentrating solely on the performance of its engine. In-fact within the present state of affairs the issue of air pollution has emerged as one of many unsolved curse for all nations the world over, with all of them struggling to deal with the issue of air pollution. In such state of affairs it turns into an indispensable for each automobile proprietor all through the world to get any challenge into the exhaust system of his automobile instantly detected and substitute the defected elements changed with the brand new ones.It will have an interest to know that there are a few of efficiency exhaust suppliers of the exhaust system the world over from whom you should purchase an enormous vary of magnificent exhaust programs, together with hand-made exhaust manifolds, programs and mufflers, headers and many others. relying upon the kind of automobile owned by you. In-case when you personal a classic automobile these suppliers may even develop the system that may precisely meet the exhausting necessities of your automobile.


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Archives of Orthopaedics
Volume 1 | Issue 4 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.33696/Orthopaedics.1.017
Submuscular Anterior Transposition for Treatment of Ulnar Nerve Syndrome: Outcomes and Final Satisfaction
Alvaro Martínez-Ayora1,*, Julio Morán2, Antonio Benjumea-Carrasco2, Eudaldo José Gallodel Valle3, Javier Vaquero2
1Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
2Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
3Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital General de Villalba, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
Álvaro Martínez-Ayora, amartinezay@torrejonsalud.com
Received Date: October 20, 2022
Accepted Date: November 30, 2020
Martínez-Ayora A, Morán J, Benjumea-Carrasco A, Gallo-del Valle EJ, Vaquero J. Submuscular Anterior Transposition for Treatment of Ulnar Nerve Syndrome: Outcomes and Final Satisfaction. Arch Orthop. 2020; 1(4): 106-114.
© 2020 Martínez-Ayora Á, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Objective: Despite being the second most common neuropathy in the upper limb, surgical treatment of ulnar syndrome remains controversial, in part because the published studies are heterogeneous in terms of surgical technique and variables studied. This study aims to assess the poor satisfaction prognostic factors in several patients treated by the same surgeon and the same surgical technique.
Material and methods: We reviewed retrospectively all patients who underwent a submuscular anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve between 2011 to 2017. The duration of symptoms, grade of neuropathy (McGowan score and electromyographic scale study) pain, paresthesia and motor alterations were recorded before surgery and at present. Satisfaction was evaluated according to the modified Bishop score.
Results: A total of 43 cases in 42 patients were reviewed. with an average follow-up of 34.9 months. There was an improvement in pain in 75% of patients, paresthesia's in 64% and motor alterations in 67%. According to the modified Bishop score, 82% of patients reported good or excellent results. Low satisfaction was associated with residuals postoperative symptoms (p<0.001), low postoperative McGowan grade (p<0.001), reinterventions cases (p=0.03) and with the duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0.003). No relationship between satisfaction and age, preoperative symptoms, preoperative grade of neuropathy or preoperative electromyographic alteration was found.
Conclusion: Submuscular transposition is a safe and effective technique for ulnar neuropathy. Overall, good and excellent satisfaction were archived in 82% of patients. The duration of preoperative symptoms are the main prognostic factors, so surgical treatment should be advised as soon as possible. On the other hand, periprosthetic fractures represent an independent risk factor for non-union.
Ulnar neuropathy, Submuscular transposition, Outcomes, Prognostic
Ulnar neuropathy is the second most common peripheral neuropathy in the upper limb after carpal tunnel syndrome, with an incidence of 30 cases per 100,000 persons/year [1,2]. It is characterized by the appearance of sensory symptoms such as pain, dysesthesia, and paresthesia, initially intermittent and then continuous, in the ulnar territory of the forearm and hand. In more advanced cases, there are motor symptoms as weakness and atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, especially in the first dorsal commissure.
The anatomical situation of the ulnar nerve, passing behind the medial humeral epicondyle, determines that the elbow is the main point of conflict [3], although there are other locations where the nerve may be affected. From a pathophysiological point of view, the nerve can undergo compressive phenomena, but also tensile phenomena inherent with elbow flexion and ischemic phenomena due to the collapse of intraneural microcirculation [4]. Conservative treatment seems to be effective with mild and moderate neuropathy, but currently, there is no consensus on which is the most successful surgical treatment when conservative treatment fails. The more employees' surgical treatments are in situ decompression, epicondylectomy and anterior transpositions, either subcutaneous or submuscular. In the absence of quality randomized studies comparing the different surgical treatments, the choice of it is subject to the surgeon's experience and preferences.
Although the anterior submuscular transposition is the technique that theoretically better addresses the underlying pathophysiological problems (eliminates all potential compression points, decrease the ulnar nerve tension with elbow flexion and house the nerve in a vascularized and protected bed), it has classically been reserved as a rescue treatment due to its technical difficulty and greater association with complications.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the prognostic factors of satisfaction after a standardized anterior submuscular transposition carried out by the same surgeon.
A retrospective study was carried out with institutional review board approval. All patients older than 18 years treated surgically from 2011 to 2017 for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow by the same orthopedic surgeon (JM) were offered enrollment in the study. All of them were treated with the same anterior submuscular transposition technique.
The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings (paresthesia's or hypoesthesia's in the ulnar territory and loss of the intrinsic hand muscle strength) with subsequent confirmation using electromyographic study (EMG). We performed a standard neurophysiological protocol, following the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AAEM) criteria [5]. Exclusion criteria were less than 12 months post-operatively follow-up and the inability to conduct a personal interview at the time of the study.
Between 2011 and 2017, 51 patients operated of 52 ulnar neuropathies (one case of bilateral neuropathy) were registered. Due to loss of follow-up or inability to conduct the personal interview, the final sample analyzed was 43 ulnar neuropathies (42 patients) with an average followup of 34.9 months (range, 12-72 months).
By reviewing the medical history, preoperative data were recognized, including demographic information, clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and electromyographic results. The pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). We also recorded the presence and degree of paresthesia (1: absence; 2: intermittent; 3: persistent), the presence and degree of sensitivity alterations (1: absence of sensitivity; 2: hyposensitivity; 3: intact sensitivity) and strength alterations. The compression degree was stratified according to the McGowan scale in three grades [6]: grade I, paraesthesia and sensory symptoms detected; grade II, muscle weakness; Grade III, paresia and muscular atrophy. In five cases ulnar neuropathy was secondary to previous elbow fracture, none of which had an angular deformity. Five cases were a recurrence of previous in situ neurolysis (average time from neurolysis to transposition of 31 months). There was a case of simultaneous intervention of ulnar compression at the elbow and median nerve compression at the carpal tunnel. 17 cases were manual workers, 16 performed administrative or office jobs and nine were retired or unemployed for other reasons.
In all patients except in one case (post-traumatic neuropathy), conservative treatment was previously performed for at least six months with activity modifications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and night splints.
For this study, a personal interview was conducted with all patients to know the current situation. The average time from surgery to personal interview was 34.90 (± 18.73) months. In this interview, we recorded the pain at present (VAS scale), the presence of paresthesia (1: absence; 2: intermittent; 3: persistent) and sensitivity alterations (1: absence of sensitivity; 2: hyposensitivity; 3: intact sensitivity). The interosseous strength was measured quantitatively by approximation of the third-fourth finger and the first-fifth finger clamp, both in the intervened hand as in the contralateral, using an approved Jamar dynamometer (Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer®, Preston, Jackson, Missouri, USA). The presence of positive Tinnel sign and positive maneuver with elbow flexion were also assessed.
The final satisfaction received was measured with the modified Bishop's rating system [7-9], which, among other things, includes the patient's ability to return to his job and classifies the perceived result as excellent, good, acceptable or poor (Table 1). All patients were asked if they would undergo surgery again.
Modifted Bishop score
Severity of residual symptoms (pain, paresthesia, dysesthesia, weakness, clumsiness)
Asymptomatic 3
Mild (occasional) 2
Moderate 1
Severe 0
Better 2
Unchanged 1
Worse 0
Able to return to previous work 1
Unable to return to previous work 0
Intrinsic muscle strength normal (M5) 2
Intrinsic muscle strength reduced to M4 1
Intrinsic muscle strength less than equal to M3 0
Sensitivity (static two points discrimination)
Normal (≤ 6mm) 1
Abnormal (> 6mm) 0
Total: 8-9, excellent; 5-7, good; 3-4, fair; 0-2, poor.
Table 1: Modified Bishop score.
Surgical technique
All these surgeries were performed by a senior doctor (JM) using uniform procedure techniques at a single institution. Surgical technique was a modification of the classic Learmonth procedure [10,11].
Under brachial plexus block anesthesia, a 12 cm curvilinear skin incision is made over the medial epicondyle, preserving the branches of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve in the subcutaneous tissue. After splitting the fascia, the ulnar nerve is identified in the posterior compartment, along the medial intermuscular septum, immediately proximal to its entry into the cubital tunnel. The first step is to secure a proximal release at armpit level, which is achieved with scissors and digital dissection. Then we investigate the existence of a thickening in the aponeurosis, known as Strtuher´s ligament and if it exists, it is divided. Then the medial intermuscular septum is identified and divided, releasing the triceps fibers that sometimes cover the nerve. Subsequently, the arcuate ligament, the most frequent point of compression, is carefully divided to leave the nerve fully released at epitrochlear level. Then the Osborne´s arcade is release, between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris, and we check distally for any other places of nerve compression. Once fully released of the ulnar nerve, the flexor-pronator mass is incised deeply for 2 cm at its epicondylar attachment, and the musculofascial flap was elevated and slid distally to provide a new groove for the nerve, taking special care that it runs freely through that tunnel and respecting its vascularization, as well as the muscular branches. The central two-thirds of the flexor-pronator mass was directly repaired using interrupted fascial stitches A compressive bandage is performed that allows early active mobilization in the postoperative period.
Demographic data are summarized in Table 2. Before surgery, 35 cases (81.4%) presented pain (VAS 5.39 ± 3.11), 42 cases (97.7%) had paresthesia's, 39 cases (90.7%) reported hyposensitivity and 28 cases (65.1%) reported motor symptoms such as weakness, atrophy or positive Froment and Wartenberg signs. The McGowan scale degree was: nine grade I (20.9%), 25 grade II (58.1%) and nine grade III (20.9%). Preoperative EMG was available in 33 cases (Figure 1).
Mean age (years) 52.18 (± 14.23)
Gender, n (%)
Affected hand, n (%)
- Right 17 (40.5)
- Left 24 (57.1)
- Bilateral 1 (2.3)
Dominant hand, n (%)
- Yes 22 (51.2)
- No 21 (48.8)
Mean follow-up (months) 34.90 (± 18.73)
Mean duration of symptoms (months) 19.60 (± 12.78)
Table 2: Demographic data.
After surgery, there was a subjective pain improvement in 33 cases (76.7%), in an average of 4.3 points on the VAS scale (paired t-test, p <0.001) (Table 3). Of the eight cases who had no preoperative pain, seven remained painless and one had pain (VAS=5). Two cases with preoperative pain worsened after the intervention (from VAS=6 to VAS=7 in both).
Preoperative
Pain (VAS) 5.39 ± 3.11 2.23 ± 2.62 <0.001
Worse 3 (7.14%)
Unchanged 7 (16.6%)
Better 33 (76.1%)
Table 3: Preoperative and postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score.
Of the 42 cases with paresthesia, 27 cases (64%) reported improvement (Wilkoxon test, p <0.001) (Table 4). Of the 39 cases with preoperative hyposensitivity, 36 (92.3%) reported improvement (Wilkoxon test, p<0.001). Three cases reported persistent hyposensitivity and there were no cases of worsening. 19 cases (44%) had a positive Tinel sign and three cases (6.9%) had a positive elbow flexion maneuver after surgery.
Absent 1 24
Intermittent 26 14
Persistent 16 5
Table 4:Preoperative and postoperative paraesthesias degree distribution.
Of the 28 patients with strength alterations, 19 (67%) reported subjective improvement, although the objective study with dynamometer showed statistically significant differences (paired t-test, p <0.001) between the intervened hand and the contralateral, both in the approximation between third-fourth finger (7 ± 4.7 kg in the intervened limb; 8.9 ± 5 kg in the contralateral) and in the first-fifth finger clamp (4.5 ± 2.7 kg in the intervened limb; 6.8 ± 4 in the contralateral). In two cases the strength measurement was not assessable (one with bilateral surgery and one with previous fifth finger amputation).
There was a statistically significant postoperative McGowan scale improvement (Wilkoxon test, p=0.043) (Table 5). In 21 cases (48.8%) there was complete recovery of symptoms and a normal physical examination and they were classified as grade 0.
grade 0 0 21
grade I 9 16
grade II 25 5
grade III 9 1
Table 5: Preoperative and postoperative McGowan grade distribution.
According to the modified Bishop score, we obtained 24 (55.8%) excellent, eleven (25.6%) good, four (9.3%) fair and four (9.3%) poor results (Figure 2). All the dissatisfied patients were manual workers. One presented relapse after a remission period of 4 months; one was later diagnosed about cervical pathology; one with previous fifth finger amputation continued with paresthesia's; one has been unable to return to the previous job for an accidental section of the second finger flexor tendons during ulnar transposition recovery. 39 cases (90,7%) responded that they would be operated again.
A statistically significant relationship was found between final satisfaction and postoperative pain (Pearson, p<0.001), postoperative paresthesia's (Wilkoxon test, p<0.001), alterations in postoperative sensitivity (Wilkoxon test, p<0.001), postoperative McGowan grade (Wilkoxon test, p< 0.001), duration of preoperative symptoms (Pearson, p=0.003) and reinterventions cases (Wilkoxon test, p=0.03). No statistically significant relationship was found with age, any of the preoperative symptoms, the preoperative McGowan grade or the preoperative EMG.
Postoperatively, one patient had a hematoma and accepted debridement. Subsequently, he received a good Modified Bishop score and had improved McGowan grade from II to 0. No infections, nerve injury, medial elbow pain, or elbow contractures were encountered.
In 1958 Feindel and Stratford [12] minted the term "cubital tunnel syndrome" to refer to ulnar nerve compression at the elbow, by analogy with carpal tunnel syndrome. Even if they are both peripheral neuropathies, the cubital tunnel syndrome has greater pathophysiological complexity. Many compression points have been [13,14] and, in addition to the compressive phenomena, is important the elongation that suffers the nerve with the elbow flexion and the intraneural vascular compromise that this implies. Gelberman and Patel [4,15] showed that intraneural pressure increased more than extra neural pressure with elbow flexion above 90°, so not all the pressure suffered by the nerve could be explained by the tunnel pressure. During flexion, the traction suffered by the nerve causes a 30-40% reduction in its cross-sectional area and alters the intraneural microcirculation [16]. In this sense, only the transposition could eliminate all pathophysiological phenomena of ulnar neuropathy [17], and the submuscular would be the most appropriate when housing the nerve in a well-vascularized bed, protected from trauma and less susceptible to perineural scar tissue [18].
In the present study, the clinical results of submuscular transposition were satisfactory, with 82% of good or excellent results and only one case of post-surgical complication. Good results were recorded even in those subgroups in which worst results were expected as cases of severe compression or manual workers. Zimmerman [11] obtained similar results with 89% of good or excellent results in 142 patients and a minimum follow-up of 6 years. Similarly, Davis [19] describes an 82.5% clinical improvement in 45 submuscular transpositions and Lancigu [20] present a report of 82 patients in which 86% of patients were considered cured and 6% recurrence with a follow-up of 11.5 years. Fitzgerald [21] presents a series of 20 youth active patients, 19 of which obtained excellent results according to Bishop's scale.
In our study, we found a relationship between the final satisfaction and residual symptoms and the postoperative McGowan grade. This result is expected since the Bishop score is based, among others, on residual symptoms. We also found the preoperative duration of symptoms and cases of reintervention as predictors of poor satisfaction. Studies are also contradictory in establishing satisfaction predictors [22], but several studies have found a relationship between satisfaction and duration of symptoms [23,24]. Yamamoto [25] conducted a retrospective study of 107 patients and concluded that age, symptoms duration, preoperative severity and nerve conduction velocity immediately after surgery were prognostic factors, while Kang [26] found the elderly, preoperative grip strength and preoperative twopoint discrimination as prognostic factors. In 2017, Suzuki [27] found the disease severity as the unique independent prognostic factor. In these studies, however, patients undergoing different surgical techniques.
Despite the good results mentioned and the theoretical advantages of submuscular transposition, comparative studies have not demonstrated superiority over in situ decompression or subcutaneous anterior transposition (an exception are the cases of ulnar subluxation, where transposition is better) [28]. Often, retrospective comparative studies and non-randomized prospective studies are not valid, since transposition is used in more severe neuropathies than in situ decompression or when consider transpositions group without distinction between subcutaneous or submuscular [29,30]. Randomized prospective studies found increased morbidity in the transposition group and no significant differences in clinical or electrophysiological results with submuscular transposition and in situ decompression [31,32]. Although Zarezadeh [33] found less residual pain in the submuscular transposition group concerning the subcutaneous transposition group, these results were not supported by a subsequent meta-analysis [34] which found no differences between the two techniques. However, it was based on only three studies with low and moderate quality. A previous meta-analysis of 906 cases [35] comparing in situ decompression, submuscular and subcutaneous transposition found a trend towards a better clinical outcome with transposition, although without statistical significance.
One reason for the inconclusive results is that different pre and postoperative evaluation systems have been used, such as the McGowan scale [6], the Messina criteria [36] the Dellon scoring system [37] or the Bishop score [9] among others. The severity of the disease may change according to the methods used. The severity of the disease may change according to the methods used. The lack of a standardized evaluation system makes comparison and reproducibility difficult. We use the McGowan classification because it is simple and easy to use.
Even assuming an equivalent neurological recovery, the revision rate is higher in cases of in situ decompression. While the overall recurrence rate, regardless of the surgical technique, has been estimated at 1.4% in a series of 25,977 cases [38] it described an incidence of up to 19% in cases of in situ decompression [39]. In these cases, the anterior transposition is the rescue treatment. However, the referred results of secondary transposition are worse than those of primary transposition [40, 41, 42]. This data is consistent with our results, so the benefits of a less invasive technique should be weighed against the higher revision rate associated with in situ decompression.
In our sample, there are three cases with normal preoperative EMG which improved after surgery and they all related excellent satisfaction. Ulnar nerve electrodiagnostic at the elbow is not as simple as the median nerve in the wrist and the correlation between clinical outcomes and postoperative electrodiagnostic has been questioned [19, 43, 44]. Although nerve conduction studies provide useful information in the diagnosis and monitoring of nerve compression syndromes, the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy is eminently clinical.
The strength of this study is the homogeneity of the surgical technique in a broad spectrum of patients and, to our knowledge, the largest series published exclusively operated by the same surgeon. Considering this aspect, the sample size is relatively large. However, there are several limitations to our study. The retrospective design and patients lost to follow up are likely to be biased. A limited number of factors were analyzed and related to the satisfaction perceived by the patient, not with objective parameters. Although presurgical force is not objectively measured, we used the contralateral hand strength as a reference, based on studies that did not find statistically significant differences between dominant and non-dominant hand [45]. The inclusion of other factors can provide more valuable information. In the future, prospective and comparative studies are still needed to confirm our results.
There is no financial support to declare.
1. Osei DA, Groves AP, Bommarito K, Ray WZ. Cubital tunnel syndrome: incidence and demographics in a national administrative database. Neurosurgery. 2017 Mar 1;80(3):417-20.
2. Staples JR, Calfee R. Cubital tunnel syndrome: current concepts. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2017 Oct 1;25(10): e215-24.
3. Karatas A, Apaydin N, Uz A, Tubbs SR, Loukas M, Gezen F. Regional anatomic structures of the elbow that may potentially compress the ulnar nerve. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2009 Jul 1;18(4):627-31.
4. Gelberman RH, Yamaguchi KE, Hollstien SB, Winn SS, Heidenreich Jr FP, Bindra RR, et al. Changes in interstitial pressure and cross-sectional area of the cubital tunnel and of the ulnar nerve with flexion of the elbow. An experimental study in human cadavera. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1998 Apr 1;80(4):492-501.
5. AAEM Quality Assurance Committee. Practice Parameter for electrodiagnostic studies in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. guidelines in electrodiagnostic medicine (2015). update from: AAEM, practice parameter for electrodiagnostic studies in ulnarneuropathy at the elbow, summary statement. Muscle Nerve. (1999) 22:408–11.
6. McGowan AJ. The results of transposition of the ulnar nerve for traumatic ulnar neuritis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British Volume. 1950 Aug;32(3):293-301.
7. Plancher KD, Bishai SK. Anterior intramuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve. Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2006 Dec 1;21(4):311-7.
8. Nouhan R, Kleinert JM. Ulnar nerve decompression by transposing the nerve and Z-lengthening the flexorpronator mass: clinical outcome. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1997 Jan 1;22(1):127-31.
9. Kleinman WB, Bishop AT. Anterior intramuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1989 Nov 1;14(6):972-9.
10. Learmonth JR. A technique for transplanting the ulnar nerve. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1942; 75:792-3.
11. JZimmerman RM, Jupiter JB, del Pino JG. Minimum 6-year follow-up after ulnar nerve decompression and submuscular transposition for primary entrapment. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2013 Dec 1;38(12):2398-404.
12. Feindel W. The role of the cubital tunnel in tardy ulnar palsy. Canadian Journal of Surgery. 1958; 1:287-300.
13. Elhassan B, Steinmann SP. Entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2007 Nov 1;15(11):672-81.
14. Felder III JM, Mackinnon SE, Patterson MM. The 7 Structures Distal to the Elbow That Are Critical to Successful Anterior Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve. Hand. 2019 Nov;14(6):776-81.
15. Patel VV, Heidenreich Jr FP, Bindra RR, Yamaguchi K, Gelberman RH. Morphologic changes in the ulnar nerve at the elbow with flexion and extension: a magnetic resonance imaging study with 3-dimensional reconstruction. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 1998 Jul 1;7(4):368-74.
16. Lundborg GO. Structure and function of the intraneural microvessels as related to trauma, edema formation, and nerve function. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1975 Oct 1;57(7):938-48.
17. Mitchell J, Dunn JC, Kusnezov N, Bader J, Ipsen DF, Forthman CL, Dykstra A. The effect of operative technique on ulnar nerve strain following surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome. Hand. 2015 Dec;10(4):707-11.
18. Lee SK, Sharma S, Silver BA, Kleinman G, Hausman MR. Submuscular versus subcutaneous anterior ulnar nerve transposition: a rat histologic study. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2009 Dec 1;34(10):1811-4.
19. Davis GA, Bulluss KJ. Submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve: review of safety, efficacy and correlation with neurophysiological outcome. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2005 Jun 1;12(5):524-8.
20. Lancigu R, Saint Cast Y, Raimbeau G, Rabarin F. Dellon's anterior submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve: Retrospective study of 82 operated patients with 11.5 years' follow-up. Chirurgie de la main. 2015 Oct 1;34(5):234-9.
21. Fitzgerald BT, Dao KD, Shin AY. Functional outcomes in young, active duty, military personnel after submuscular ulnar nerve transposition. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2004 Jul 1;29(4):619-24.
22. Shi Q, MacDermid JC, Santaguida PL, Kyu HH. Predictors of surgical outcomes following anterior transposition of ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome: a systematic review. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2011 Dec 1;36(12):1996-2001.
23. Lima S, Correia JF, Martins RM, Alves JM, Palheiras J, de Sousa C. subcuTaneous anTerior TransPosiTion for TreaTmenT of cubiTal Tunnel syndrome: is This meThod safe and effecTiVe? Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). 2012 Jan 1;47(6):748-53.
24. Lee SK, Lee GS, Choy WS. VY lengthening technique of the flexor-pronator mass for anterior submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve in severe cubital tunnel syndrome: a long-term follow-up study. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2018 May 1;80(5):533-8.
25. Shishido T, Yamamoto K, Masaoka T, Katori Y, Tanaka S. Postoperative clinical results in cubital tunnel syndrome. Orthopedics. 2006 Apr 1;29(4):347-53.
26. Kang HJ, Oh WT, Koh IH, Kim S, Choi YR. Factors influencing outcomes after ulnar nerve stability-based surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2016 Mar 1;57(2):455-60.
27. Suzuki T, Iwamoto T, Shizu K, Suzuki K, Yamada H, Sato K. Predictors of postoperative outcomes of cubital tunnel syndrome treatments using multiple logistic regression analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Science. 2017 May 1;22(3):453-6.
28. Bimmler D, Meyer VE. Surgical treatment of the ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy: submuscular anterior transposition or simple decompression of the ulnar nerve?: Long-term results in 79 cases. InAnnales de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur 1996 Jan 1 (Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 148-157). Elsevier Masson.
29. Staples R, London DA, Dardas AZ, Goldfarb CA, Calfee RP. Comparative morbidity of cubital tunnel surgeries: a prospective cohort study. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2018 Mar 1;43(3):207-13.
30. Zhang D, Earp BE, Blazar P. Rates of complications and secondary surgeries after in situ cubital tunnel release compared with ulnar nerve transposition: a retrospective review. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2017 Apr 1;42(4):294-e1.
31. Gervasio O, Gambardella G, Zaccone C, Branca D. Simple decompression versus anterior submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve in severe cubital tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized study. Neurosurgery. 2005 Jan 1;56(1):108-17.
32. Biggs M, Curtis JA. Randomized, prospective study comparing ulnar neurolysis in situ with submuscular transposition. Neurosurgery. 2006 Feb 1;58(2):296-304.
33. Zarezadeh, A., Shemshaki, H., Nourbakhsh, M., Etemadifar, M.R., Moeini, M. and Mazoochian, F., 2012. Comparison of anterior subcutaneous and submuscular transposition of ulnar nerve in treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized trial. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 17(8), p.745.
34. Liu CH, Wu SQ, Ke XB, Wang HL, Chen CX, Lai ZL, et al. Subcutaneous versus submuscular anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Medicine. 2015 Jul;94(29).
35. Macadam SA, Gandhi R, Bezuhly M, Lefaivre KA. Simple decompression versus anterior subcutaneous and submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2008 Oct 1;33(8):1314-e1.
36. Messina A, Messina JC. Transposition of the ulnar nerve and its vascular bundle for the entrapment syndrome at the elbow. Journal of Hand Surgery. 1995 Oct;20(5):638-48.
37. Dellon AL, Coert JH. Results of the musculofascial lengthening technique for submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2003 Jul 1;85(7):1314-20.
38. Camp CL, Ryan CB, Degen RM, Dines JS, Altchek DW, Werner BC. Risk factors for revision surgery following isolated ulnar nerve release at the cubital tunnel: a study of 25,977 cases. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2017 Apr 1;26(4):710-5.
39. Krogue JD, Aleem AW, Osei DA, Goldfarb CA, Calfee RP. Predictors of surgical revision after in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2015 Apr 1;24(4):634-9.
40. Aleem AW, Krogue JD, Calfee RP. Outcomes of revision surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2014 Nov 1;39(11):2141-9.
41. Gabel GT, Amadio PC. Reoperation for failed decompression of the ulnar nerve in the region of the elbow. Journal Bone and Joint Surgery. 1990 Feb 1;72(2):213-9.
42. Grandizio LC, Maschke S, Evans PJ. The management of persistent and recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2018 Oct 1;43(10):933-40.
43. Tapadia M, Mozaffar T, Gupta R. Compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity: update on pathophysiology, classification, and electrodiagnostic findings. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2010 Apr 1;35(4):668-77.
44. Landau ME, Campbell WW. Clinical features and electrodiagnosis of ulnar neuropathies. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2013 Feb 1;24(1):49-66.
45. Torres-Coscoyuela M, González del Pino J, Yánez Calvo J, Bartolome del Valle E. Dynamometric study of the hand and thumb. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. 1999. 43(5):321-6.
Resveratrol Treatment Reduces Neuromotor Impairment and Hearing Loss in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Neuropathy and Nerve Injury
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells (SCs) are responsible for myelin production, which contributes to axonal protection and allows for efficient action potential transmission. Unfortunately, acquired and hereditary demyelinating diseases of the PNS are numerous and affect an increasing number of people.
Surgical Management of Patella Fractures: A Review
Patella fractures account for 1% of fractures in adults and are seen in all age groups. The treatment options for fractures requiring surgery have evolved over time in response to postoperative complications and with the advent of new technologies which optimize fixation.
Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Induced by Selective Agonist of Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor – A Case Report
Ischemic optic neuropathies are prevalent diseases and important cases of vision loss. In particular, non arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common cause of optic neuropathy after 50 years of age and the etiology of NAION involves risk factors from the patients and some drugs as triggers, like triptans, selective agonists of 5-HT1 receptors.


text:
Q: How to achieve implicit conversion from enum value to class template assume I have a number of enums enum EnumA { fooA, barA, quuzA };, enum EnumB {fooB, barB, quuzB };, etc and a number of template structs in the form:
template<EnumA value> struct StructA {};
template<EnumB value> struct StructB {};

and so on and so forth. I would like to achieve an implicit conversion from enum values to the corresponding structs, obviously when the enum value is a compile time constant.
For more context, I would like to be able to do use it in a context such as the following. I have a function
template<typename T> void somefunc(int somepar, T);

which I can use as somefunc(somepar, StructB<quuzB>()); and which I would like to be able to use as somefunc(somepar, quuzB); instead.
(And no, overloading somefunc as a set of template functions, one for each enum, that does the appropriate struct wrapping itself is NOT an option, due to (1) the number of enums and (2) the fact that I would also like to have something like template<typename T1, typename T2> void somefunc(int par1, T1, int par2, T2) to use as somefunc(p1, StructB<quuzB>(), p2, StructA<barA>()) etc.)

A: The enum value that you want to provide as acual argument in a call, ends up as a run time value. But to transform it to a value-specific type, compile time knowledge of the value is needed. Currently you're supplying the compile time knowledge manually, and with your proposed simpler call syntax the only general way to pick up that knowledge is via some source code preprocessing.
To avoid the preprocessing (by whatever means, e.g. macro or script, or trained chimpanzee) you can adjust the requirements for the call syntax, e.g. explicitly providing the enum type, so instead of
somefunc( somepar, quuzB );

… you'll write
somefunc<EnumB, quuzB>( somepar );

Example, where the macro thing is only for exposition in case you'd want that, but I recommend doing without a macro (explicit is good, implicit bad):
enum EnumA { fooA, barA, quuzA };
enum EnumB { fooB, barB, quuzB };

template< EnumA value> struct StructA {};
template< EnumB value> struct StructB {};

//template<typename T> void somefunc( int somepar, T );
template< class Enum_type, Enum_type value >
void somefunc( int somepar );

void foo()
{
    somefunc<EnumB, quuzB>( 42 );
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------

#define SOMEFUNC( par, e ) somefunc<decltype(e), e>( par )

void bar()
{
    SOMEFUNC( 42, quuzB );
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;

#ifdef __GNUC__
#   include <cxxabi.h>
    auto demangled( char const name[] )
        -> string
    {
        int status = 0;
        char* c_result = abi::__cxa_demangle( name, 0, 0, &status);
        string result = c_result;
        free( c_result );
        return result;
    }
#else
    auto demangled( char const name[] )
        -> string
    { return name; }
#endif

template< class Type >
void somefunc_impl( int x, Type )
{
    cout << x << ", " << demangled( typeid( Type ).name() ) << endl;
}

template< class Enum_type >
struct Enum_to_struct;

template<>
struct Enum_to_struct<EnumA>
{
    template< EnumA e > struct Struct{ using T = StructA<e>; };
};

template<>
struct Enum_to_struct<EnumB>
{
    template< EnumB e > struct Struct{ using T = StructB<e>; };
};

template< class Enum_type, Enum_type value >
void somefunc( int somepar )
{
    using Struct = typename Enum_to_struct<Enum_type>::template Struct<value>::T;
    somefunc_impl( somepar, Struct() );
}

auto main() -> int
{
    foo();
    bar();
}

This can be simplified  – you can avoid the Enum_to_struct traits – by using partially specialized class templates instead of unrelated individually named templates like StructA and StructB
enum EnumA { fooA, barA, quuzA };
enum EnumB { fooB, barB, quuzB };

template< class Enum_type, Enum_type value >
struct Struct{};

template< EnumA e >
struct Struct< EnumA, e > {}; // Whatever, corresponding to StructA

template< class Enum_type, Enum_type value >
void somefunc( int somepar );

void foo()
{
    somefunc<EnumB, quuzB>( 42 );
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------

#define SOMEFUNC( par, e ) somefunc<decltype(e), e>( par )

void bar()
{
    SOMEFUNC( 42, quuzB );
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;

#ifdef __GNUC__
#   include <cxxabi.h>
    auto demangled( char const name[] )
        -> string
    {
        int status = 0;
        char* c_result = abi::__cxa_demangle( name, 0, 0, &status);
        string result = c_result;
        free( c_result );
        return result;
    }
#else
    auto demangled( char const name[] )
        -> string
    { return name; }
#endif

template< class Type >
void somefunc_impl( int x, Type )
{
    cout << x << ", " << demangled( typeid( Type ).name() ) << endl;
}

template< class Enum_type, Enum_type value >
void somefunc( int somepar )
{
    somefunc_impl( somepar, Struct<Enum_type, value>() );
}

auto main() -> int
{
    foo();
    bar();
}

For completeness, even though macros are Evil™ and I recommend against them, if you choose to go the macro route you can reduce the overhead to a single macro instead of one per function, at the cost of less obvious call syntax:
#define TV( v ) decltype( v ), v

void qwepoi()
{
    somefunc<TV( quuzB )>( 42 );
}


Our new restaurant outlet will be opened soon; we are therefore is looking for cook helper to serve guest with their art of culinary skill and amazing food taste experience.
Comiss II require preparing food to serve guest. Prepare foods decoration base on Kitchen department policy and procedure. Controlling the inventory and check it every month. Other jobs assign by Group Head Chef.
- Ability to cook Western food and especially making pizza is a top priority.
Please submit your CV, Cover Letter and send it to hr@hotelcara.com, or send to address, Nº18, Street 47&48, Sangkat Srass Chork, Khan Doun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.


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text:
package org.apache.distributedlog.exceptions;

/**
 * Thrown when the send to bookkeeper fails.
 *
 * <p>This is thrown by the next attempt to write, send or flush
 */
public class BKTransmitException extends DLException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5796100450432076091L;

    final int bkRc;

    public BKTransmitException(String message, int bkRc) {
        super(StatusCode.BK_TRANSMIT_ERROR, message + " : " + bkRc);
        this.bkRc = bkRc;
    }

    public int getBKResultCode() {
        return this.bkRc;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


DaimlerChrysler AG of Germany posted a soaring fourth quarter net income rise by 84 percent to 966 million Euros ($1.15 billion) from 526 million Euros last year. Revenue increases are due to high performance in the financial services sector and some divestments. However, the Chrysler and Mercedes automobile businesses reported weak results.
Third-quarter net loss was posted by German auto maker Daimler AG, totaling $2.14 bil, due primarily to a charge linked to the reducing of its stake in its US-based Chrysler unit to 19%. By focusing on the premium auto market, Daimler expects to improve significantly on its 2007 sales and earnings.
Fourth-quarter net profit for German firm Daimler AG reached 1.69 bil euro, with earnings before taxes and interest increasing by 74% to 8.7 bil euro for the full year of 2007. Full-year net profit increased 5% to 3.98 bil euro, while revenue reached 99.39 bil euro.


text:
Ferdinand von Lindemann
Title: Ferdinand von Lindemann
Subject: David Hilbert, Charles Hermite, Pi, Lune of Hippocrates, Hippocrates of Chios
Collection: 1852 Births, 1939 Deaths, 19Th-Century German Mathematicians, 20Th-Century German Mathematicians, German Mathematicians, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Alumni, Number Theorists, People from Hanover, People from the Kingdom of Hanover, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Alumni, University of Göttingen Alumni, University of Königsberg Faculty
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann
(1852-04-12)April 12, 1852
Hanover, German Confederation
March 6, 1939(1939-03-06) (aged 86)
Doctoral advisor
C. Felix Klein
Charles Hamilton Ashton
Emil Hilb
Martin Kutta
Alfred Loewy
Hermann Minkowski
Oskar Perron
Arthur Rosenthal
Arnold Sommerfeld
Proving π is a transcendental number
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann (April 12, 1852 – March 6, 1939) was a German mathematician, noted for his proof, published in 1882, that π (pi) is a transcendental number, meaning it is not a root of any polynomial with rational coefficients.
Lindemann was born in Hanover, the capital of the Kingdom of Hanover. His father, Ferdinand Lindemann, taught modern languages at a Gymnasium in Hanover. His mother, Emilie Crusius, was the daughter of the Gymnasium's headmaster. The family later moved to Schwerin, where young Ferdinand attended school.
He studied mathematics at Göttingen, Erlangen, and Munich. At Erlangen he received a doctorate, supervised by Felix Klein, on non-Euclidean geometry. Lindemann subsequently taught in Würzburg and at the University of Freiburg. During his time in Freiburg, Lindemann devised his proof that π is a transcendental number (see Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem). After his time in Freiburg, Lindemann transferred to the University of Königsberg. While a professor in Königsberg, Lindemann acted as supervisor for the doctoral theses of the now renowned mathematicians David Hilbert, Hermann Minkowski, and Arnold Sommerfeld.
Transcendence proof
In 1882, Lindemann published the result for which he is best known, the transcendence of π. His methods were similar to those used nine years earlier by Charles Hermite to show that e, the base of natural logarithms, is transcendental. Before the publication of Lindemann's proof, it was known that if π was transcendental, then it would be impossible to square the circle by compass and straightedge.
Ferdinand von Lindemann at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Lindemann, F. "Über die Zahl π", Mathematische Annalen 20 (1882): pp. 213–225.
German mathematicians
19th-century German mathematicians
Number theorists
People from Hanover
People from the Kingdom of Hanover
University of Göttingen alumni
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
University of Königsberg faculty
Berlin, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hamburg, France, United Kingdom
Principal investigator, Isoelectric point, Parental investment, Paternity Index, Phosphatidylinositol
Germany, Berlin, Hamburg, France, Lower Saxony
London, Germany, Berlin, Austria, United Kingdom
Mathematics, Mathematical logic, Germany, University of Königsberg, Hilbert space
Charles Hermite
Pi, E (mathematical constant), Paris, Number theory, Internet Archive
Lune of Hippocrates
Pi, Geometry, Euclid, Circle, Aristotle


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Millions of Social Profiles Leaked by Chinese Data-Scrapers
A cloud misconfig by SocialArks exposed 318 million records gleaned from Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn.
More than 400GB of public and private profile data for 214 million social-media users from around the world has been exposed to the internet – including details for celebrities and social-media influencers in the U.S. and elsewhere.
The leak stems from a misconfigured ElasticSearch database owned by Chinese social-media management company SocialArks, which contained personally identifiable information (PII) from users of Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and other platforms, according to researchers at Safety Detectives.
The server was found to be publicly exposed without password protection or encryption during routine IP-address checks on potentially unsecured databases, researchers said. It contained more than 318 million records in total.
SocialArks' data-management platform is used for programmatic advertising and marketing. It bills itself as a "cross-border social-media management company dedicated to solving the current problems of brand building, marketing, marketing, social customer management in China's foreign trade industry."
The data included reams of North American users' information. Source: Security Detectives.
The affected server, hosted by Tencent, was segmented into indices in order to store data obtained from each social-media source, which allowed researchers to look into the data further.
"Our research team was able to determine that the entirety of the leaked data was 'scraped' from social-media platforms, which is both unethical and a violation of Facebook's, Instagram's and LinkedIn's terms of service," researchers said, in a Monday blog post.
The scraped profiles included 11,651,162 Instagram user profiles; 66,117,839 LinkedIn user profiles; 81,551,567 Facebook user profiles; and 55,300,000 Facebook profiles that were deleted within a few hours after the open server was discovered.
The public profile data included biographies, profile pictures, follower totals, location settings, contact details such as email addresses and phone numbers, number of followers, number of comments, frequently used hashtags, company names, employment position and more.
"Social media data scraped for marketing purposes will inevitably include sensitive information," Jack Mannino, CEO at nVisium, told Threatpost. "For every privacy-conscious person using social media, there is an exponentially greater number of people publicly sharing intimate details about their private lives. To protect yourself, restrict public access to your profile and media assets, be sensible about what you post online, and be careful what permissions you grant to applications that may abuse, misuse or steal your information."
However, in addition to the collating of publicly available data, the database also included, inexplicably, private data for social-media users.
"SocialArks' database stored personal data for Instagram and LinkedIn users such as private phone numbers and email addresses for users that did not divulge such information publicly on their accounts," researchers said. "How SocialArks could possibly have access to such data in the first place remains unknown…It remains unclear how the company managed to obtain private data from multiple secure sources…Moreover, the company's server had insufficient security and was left completely unsecured."
Threatpost has reached out to SocialArks for more information.
The database was secured by SocialArks the same day that Security Detectives alerted the company to the issue.
SocialArks suffered a similar data breach in August, which affected 66 million LinkedIn users, 11.6 million Instagram accounts and 81.5 million Facebook accounts – about 150 million in all. The information exposed also consisted of scraped, publicly available data such as full names, country of residence, place of work, position, subscriber data and contact information, as well as direct links to profiles.
Having a central repository for such information opens the door to high-volume, automated social-engineering attacks, experts warned.
"Most data scraping is completely innocuous and carried out by web developers, business intelligence analysts, honest businesses such as travel booker sites, as well as being done for market research purposes online," the researchers said. "However, even if such data is obtained legally – if it is stored without adequate cybersecurity, large leaks affecting millions of people can occur. When private information including phone numbers, email addresses and birth information is extracted and/or leaked, criminals are empowered to commit heinous acts including identity theft and financial fraud."
Dirk Schrader, global vice president at New Net Technologies, said that the fact the scraping took place at all – public or private information – is in itself of interest.
"Public profiles have been scraped before and the giants in that space usually try to block mass scraping attempts as the intention behind is to get access to their 'oil,'" he told Threatpost. "Why it hasn't worked in this case would be an interesting fact to know. As a likely affected LinkedIn user, my choices are limited. Either I accept that scraping will happen, or I can reduce my profile which limits my ability to make business connections to a certain extent. How much information a user provides is their choice. Scraping itself, especially when the data collected is so badly secured, increases the likelihood to be targeted with specific attacks and unwanted emails."
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