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Ciudad Bolívar es la localidad número 19 del Distrito Capital de Bogotá, Colombia. Se encuentra ubicada en el sur de la ciudad.

Geografía física

Límites

Topografía y geomorfología
La topografía de Ciudad Bolívar, es en un 80% montañosa y el 72% de la localidad es considerada zona rural.

La Localidad ocupa terrenos comprendidos entre una altitud cercana a los 2670 m s. n. m. en la parte más baja, y 3800 m s. n. m. en sus partes más altas, clasificándose dentro del piso térmico frío.

Por estudios geológicos y de suelos en la localidad se divide la región en once zonas, de las cuales sobresalen las siguientes:

Ubicada al norte, correspondiente a un sector relativamente plano, con ligeras inclinaciones circundado por los barrios Galicia, Perdomo, Madelena, Candelaria la Nueva, San Francisco y Abraham Lincoln, estos 4 últimos corresponden al sector corregido del río Tunjuelito, compuesto por arcillas expansivas, que convierten el terreno en inestable amenazando las viviendas actuales, se advierte la no continuación del proceso urbanizador.
Correspondiente al área delimitada por la escuela de artillería (Tunjuelito) el barrio México al norte, la urbanización Grabada y el barrio Cortijo al sur, cuyos suelos están compuestos principalmente por gravas areno-limosas, en esta zona el riesgo al urbanizar se presenta por la inestabilidad del terreno, ocasionado por los rellenos fruto de las antiguas explotaciones de material en el sector.
Ubicada a partir del barrio Rincón y dispuesta en sentido sur norte, abarcando puntos como el Volador, las canteras de Peña Colorada y el tanque intermedio de ciudad Bolívar (Sierra Morena), Cuyos suelos están conformados por estratos arenosos y con pendientes que varían de 20° a 40°; se clasifica el sector como de alto riesgo hacia el occidente del barrio Los Alpes. Ingeominas recomienda urbanizar en sectores con pendientes más suaves (15 a 30°)
Localizada en predios de la vereda Quiba, conformada por areniscas duras, con inclinaciones suaves que no superan los 20°; lo que no permite la presencia de riesgos geotécnicos, convirtiendo la zona en apta para la urbanización.
El Cerro Seco, en el bosque seco de Arborizadora Alta, en los límites con Soacha, corresponde a un ecosistema subxerofítico, pero con cuerpos de agua como el humedal llamado "Laguna Encantada", por el cauce de la quebrada la Trompeta, se encuentra asociado al área con mayor potencial de infiltración en la zona de recarga del acuífero de Quiba. En su cobertura vegetal predominan la plantas de porte herbáceo, arbustos y geófitos.
La localidad de Ciudad Bolívar también cuenta con diferentes recursos naturales como los recursos geológicos que son aquellas estructuras geológicas,formas del terreno, minerales,rocas, meteoritos,fósiles,suelos y otras manifestaciones geológicas que podamos encontrar en un ecosistema. En el ecosistema de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar encontramos mayores manifestaciones montañosas a comparación de otras localidades, gracias a esto identificamos cómo la empresa extractora Cemex,se apropia de un terreno y transforma sus recursos por medio de procesos de extracción. Dentro de estas estrategias encontramos la más utilizada, que es la explotación minera a cielo abierto,una ruta de extracción que se encarga de recolectar todo el material (grava,arena, arcilla) en las mayores magnitudes posibles. Dentro de la localidad podemos encontrar las siguientes industrias encargadas de las actividades mineras: Anafalco,Ladrilleras Los Mochuelos, Ladrillera Granito de Oro,Ladrilleras San Marcos, Ladrillos Ochoa, Ladrillos Sur, Ladrillos y Bloques Paraísos, Ladrillera el Cóndor, Ladrillera la Estrella, las cuales conforman el parque minero industrial Mochuelo, que ocupa espacios desde la vereda Mochuelo Bajo hasta el barrio San Joaquín. En algunos casos la actividad minera de las industrias interactúa de formas positivas y negativas con los recursos disponibles de la localidad; en algunas ocasiones se encuentran consecuencias como la modificación de los cuerpos hídricos para la optimización de procesos como la sedimentación de minerales, o incluso, la sustracción de la capa orgánica o suelo para acceder a la capa mineral del terreno,o la erosión que causa deslizamientos y movimientos en masa.

Clima

 Temperatura 14° grados promedio anual
 Humedad Relativa seca y semiseca
 Precipitación Total 600 a 800 mm anuales
 Sector contra los cerros del sur de la ciudad 800 a 1000 mm anuales
 Altimetría Entre 2670 y 3800 m s. n. m.

La estación climatológica Simón Bolívar que cubre esta localidad permite establecer un promedio de 14 °C para Ciudad Bolívar, con una temperatura mínima de 4 °C, una media de 15 °C y una máxima de 22 °C.

En la mayor parte del territorio se registra un nivel de precipitación anual de 600 a 800 mm, sin embargo hacia porción de territorio ubicado sobre los cerros del sur de la ciudad, se registran precipitaciones entre los 800 y 1000 mm /año.

Dependiendo de la relación precipitación brillo solar, se presenta la condición de zona semiseca en la parte sur oriental de la localidad que va sobre los cerros de la ciudad, y una porción de territorio con condiciones de zona seca en la parte noroccidental a lo largo del límite con la localidad de Tunjuelito y Bosa.

Hidrología
En Ciudad Bolívar existe un alto número de quebradas sin canalizar, los cuales se convierten en focos de enfermedades para la población de la localidad. Se destaca la Laguna Terreros, ubicada hacia el occidente de la localidad en la zona Montañosa.

El principal recurso hídrico de la Localidad Diecinueve, es la cuenca del río Tunjuelo, la cual recibe afluentes como las quebradas Limas, Trompeta, La Estrella, y El Infierno. A pesar de que la cuenca es aprovechada en su parte alta para el acueducto de Bogotá, al pasar por la ciudad se convierte en un receptor de aguas lluvias y negras fuertemente contaminadas, ocasionado por la no existencia de redes troncales de drenaje, con lo que la evacuación se hace directamente al río Tunjuelito a través de calles, zanjas y vallados.

Complementando el sistema hídrico de la Localidad, encontramos las quebradas Quiba, Calderón, Bebedero y Aguas Calientes.

En la localidad se encuentra el  Relleno Sanitario Doña Juana y existe explotación minera.

Algunos de los principales cuerpos de agua de la localidad son los siguientes:

 Humedal El Tunjo:  ubicado en el barrio Ontario,  cuenta con la máxima certificación ambiental a nivel mundial RAMSAR, como resultado del trabajo que se viene adelantando para la conservación de la biodiversidad en estos espacios considerados Áreas Protegidas del Distrito, que hacen parte de la Estructura Ecológica Principal de Bogotá. (Tomado de http://humedalesdebogota.ambientebogota.gov.co/inicio/humedal-el-tunjo/).  Este humedal ha contado con la participación de diferentes procesos comunitarios que posibilitaron inicialmente su reconocimiento, gestión y protección. Hoy este Humedal se encuentra administrado por la Secretaría Distrital de Ambiente.

 Laguna Encantada: Es una pequeña laguna con algunas características de humedal de alta montaña, rodeada por un espacio de 385 hectáreas de bosque seco de Arborizadora Alta. El bosque seco que la rodea es uno de los pocos que se conservan en el altiplano Cundiboyacense, aunque se encuentra en grave peligro de urbanización. A la pequeña laguna se accede subiendo por el cauce de la quebrada la Trompeta, cuenca del río Tunjuelo. Se encuentra en una zona de alta amenaza de urbanización lega e ilegal, además de la cantería. El entorno se encuentra bastante despoblado de vegetación; aun así, las aguas de la laguna son limpias. En este humedal hay presencia de fauna como las garzas y las alondras cornudas, estas últimas en peligro de extinción. Además, la laguna es fundamental para aves que realizan procesos migratorios como la tingua azul, especie de la que se reportan el mayor número de accidentes y de muertes en la localidad Ciudad Bolívar. Algunas organizaciones ambientales han adelantado trámites para que el bosque seco y la Laguna Encantada se conviertan en Parque Ecológico Distrital de Montaña, trámite que no ha surtido efecto. Existen leyendas muiscas acerca de una diosa que habita la laguna.

Historia
En la década de 1940 comenzó la parcelación de grandes haciendas aledañas a la ciudad, conformándose los primeros asentamientos en la zona. En la década de 1950 se crean los barrios Meissen, San Francisco, México, Lucero e Ismael Perdomo, situados en las partes bajas y medias de la Localidad, y cuyos pobladores eran gentes venidas principalmente del Tolima, Boyacá y Cundinamarca. Se estima que para los años 1970 la población había ascendido a los  habitantes. El territorio de la localidad por entonces, pertenecía al otro municipio de Bosa.

Una segunda etapa comienza en la década de 1980, con asentamientos en la parte alta de las montañas, dando origen a barrios como Naciones Unidas, Cordillera, Alpes, Juan José Rondón, Juan Pablo II y otros. De igual forma, nacen a través del programa "lotes con servicios", con financiación del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, los barrios Sierra Morena, Arborizadora Alta y Arborizadora Baja, asentamientos que en menos de veinte años generaron polos de concentración de sectores marginados tanto del país, como de la misma ciudad.

Hasta comienzos de la década de 1980 las laderas de Potosí estaban peladas. Todo Jerusalén albergaba apenas 8 000 personas que no contaban con agua, luz ni alcantarillado, no tenían teléfonos ni transporte, pero tampoco contaban con asistencia sanitaria ni escuela. Un poco más allá de los cerros, había campamentos de la guerrilla del M-19 y cierta presencia de las FARC y el ELN.

A partir de 1983, con el Acuerdo 11 del Concejo de Bogotá, se define el marco jurídico y administrativo de lo que en ese entonces se denominó el Plan Ciudad Bolívar, con el cual se pretendía "orientar el crecimiento de la ciudad preservando el espacio de la sabana para fines útiles agropecuarios", propiciando la expansión urbana hasta zonas de menor adaptación agropecuaria cuya utilidad estaría vinculada a los procesos de urbanización, constituyéndose en un ambicioso proyecto urbano, social e interinstitucional, que involucraba prácticamente a todas las entidades del Distrito.

Con el Acuerdo 14 del 7 de septiembre de 1983, se creó la Alcaldía Menor de Ciudad Bolívar, a la vez que se definieron sus límites.

Posteriormente, la Constitución de 1991 le da a Bogotá el carácter de Distrito Capital; en 1992 la Ley 1a reglamentó las funciones de las Junta Administradora Local, de los Fondos de Desarrollo Local y de los Alcaldes Locales, determinó la asignación presupuestal. Mediante los acuerdos 2 y 6 de 1992, el Concejo Distrital, definió el número, la jurisdicción y las competencias de la Junta Administradora Local (JAL).

Bajo esta normativa, se constituyó la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar, conservando sus límites y nomenclatura, administrada por el alcalde local y la Junta Administradora Local, con un total de once ediles.

Finalmente, el Decreto-Ley 1421 determina el régimen político, administrativo y fiscal bajo el cual operan hasta hoy las localidades del distrito.

El Proyecto Sanitario Doña Juana que inicia el 1 de noviembre de 1988 y el 17 de septiembre de 1997 se derrumbó por el mal manejo de lixiviados y gases.

En 1993 se llevó a cabo un Paro cívico en Ciudad Bolívar.

En 2018 fue inaugurado el Transmicable para la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar.

Geografía humana

Proporción uso del suelo
La superficie total de Ciudad Bolívar es de 12.998,46 hectáreas (ha), de estas 3.329,8 ha corresponden a suelo urbano, otras 152,1 ha conforman suelo de expansión urbana y 9.608,4 ha restantes constituyen el suelo rural. Los usos de suelo que se presentan en la localidad son en su mayoría residencial con un 59,7% del área total ocupada por este uso. El uso de servicios con el 20,3% le sigue en proporción. Los usos de comercio, dotacional e industria participan con un 12,5%, 5,0% y 1,9%, respectivamente. Un poco más de 2.278 Ha de la localidad en la zona rural, pertenece a la categoría del suelo  productivo de alta capacidad. Así mismo, cerca de 1.892 Ha se encuentran dentro de la categoría del suelo rural con alta fragilidad.

Organización territorial
La localidad 19 está repartida entre 8 Unidades de Planeamiento Zonal (UPZ) en la parte urbana y 3 corregimientos en la rural.

En Ciudad Bolívar la manera en la que se ha organizado el espacio geográfico ha dependido de las características montañosas que presenta su territorio y de la cosmovisión de las comunidades indígenas, población española y migrante proveniente de Boyacá, Santander y Tolima que lo han ocupado15. Además, hay una influencia con la manera en la cual han organizado el territorio en los procesos históricos de asentamiento. Desde los asentimientos muiscas en el  hasta la actualidad, se han identificado transformaciones en los patrones de organización territorial. Sin embargo, algunos de estos patrones prevalecen aún en el .

Por ejemplo, la ubicación de los asentamientos muiscas alrededor de las fuentes hídricas es algo que se sigue viendo con los actuales asentamientos de Ciudad Bolívar: están establecidos en cernías al río Tunjuelito16. En esta misma línea, la parcelación de haciendas por parte de los españoles en el , es un patrón de organización que podemos evidenciar en la localidad, sobre todo en la zona rural donde se encuentran las denominadas fincas17. Por otro lado, en la actualidad el ordenamiento territorial de Ciudad Bolívar está planificado por el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) y funciona mediante el Decreto 190 del 2004.

{| border="0" style="background:#ffffff" align="top" class="wikitable"
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|Unidades de Planeamiento Zonal (UPZ) de Ciudad Bolívar
!style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|UPZ
!style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Código Postal
!style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Barrios
!UPL a futuro
|-
| 63 El Mochuelo || 111961 || Comprenden los barrios de La Lira, El Pedregal, Villa Jacky, las Manas y Mochuelo Oriental.
|El Lucero (al norte) Cuenca Tunjuelo (Sur)
|-
| 64 Monte Blanco || 111961 || El Mochuelo II, Brazuelos de Santo Domingo, Esmeralda, Lagunitas, Paticos y Barranquitos.
|Cuenca Tunjuelo
|-
| 65 Arborizadora || 111911 || Arborizadora Baja, Atlanta, La Playa, Madelena, Rafael Escamilla, Santa Helena, Santa Rosa Sur, Villa Helena, Casa linda , La Coruña y Protecho.
| rowspan="2" |Arborizadora
|-
| 66 San Francisco || 111941 || San Francisco, Las Acacias, Candelaria La Nueva, Gibraltar, Colmena, La Casona, Juan José Rondón, San Luis Sur, San Fernando Sur, Santa Inés de la Acacia, Millan Los Sauces, Puerta del Llano, Sauces, Hortalizas y El Recuerdo.
|-
| 67 El Lucero || 111951 || Álvaro Bernal Segura, Lucero Alto, Lucero Medio, Lucero Bajo, Domingo Laín, El Bosque, El Castillo, El Paraíso Mirador, Bella Flor, La Torre, Estrella del Sur, El Triunfo, Gibraltar Sur, Juan Pablo II, La Alameda, La Cabaña, La Escala, Las Manitas, Los Alpes, El Satélite, La Torre, Los Andes de Nutibara, La Estrella de Lagos, Ciudad Milagros, Compartir, Buenavista, Marandú, Meissen, Brisas del Volador, México, Nueva Colombia, Naciones Unidas, Tierra Linda, Vista Hermosa, Villas del Diamante, Villa Gloria y Capri.
| rowspan="2" |El Lucero
|-
| 68 El Tesoro || 111961 || Arabia, Acapulco, Buenos Aires, Bogotá Sur, Divino Niño, Casa de Teja, El Consuelo, El Tesoro, Tesorito, El Mochuelo I, El Reflejo, La Cumbre, Los Duques, Inés Elvira, Monterey, Minuto de María, Ocho de Diciembre, Quiba, Potreritos, República de Venezuela, República de Canadá, San Rafael Sur, San Joaquín del Vaticano, Sotavento y Villa Diana López.
|-
| 69 Ismael Perdomo || 111921 || Bella Estancia, Barlovento, Caracolí, Bonanza Sur, Casa Loma Casavianca, Cerro del Diamante, El Rosal, El Espino, Ismael Perdomo, El Porvenir, El Rincón del Porvenir, La Estancia, Galicia, La Carbonera, Mirador de la Estancia, Mirador de Primavera, Perdomo Alto, Rincón de Galicia, Rincón de la estancia, Rincón de la Valvanera, San Antonio del Mirador, San Isidro, María Cano, San rafael de la Estancia, Santa Viviana, Santo Domingo y Sierra Morena.
| rowspan="2" |Arborizadora
|-
| 70 Jerusalén || 111931 || Arborizadora Alta, Bella Vista, Florida del Sur, Jerusalén, La Pradera, Las Brisas, Potosí, Las Vegas de Potosí, Villas de Bolívar y Verona.
|-
|}

En la vereda de Mochuelo se localiza la institución educativa Distrital Colegio Rural José Celestino Mutis con una capacidad cercana a los 1200 estudiantes. El colegio fue inaugurado en el 2010. En la vereda Mochuelo Bajo se ubica el Relleno sanitario Doña Juana.

 Sistema de Áreas protegidas
Debido a actividades como la extracción minera, la expansión de la frontera agrícola y la deforestación presentes en Ciudad Bolívar, el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) determino un sistema de áreas protegidas. Este sistema está compuesto por tres categorías de manejo, correspondientes al Área Forestal Distrital (AFD) categoría que cuenta con 8 zonas que ocupan 3.228,76 hectáreas (ha), el Parque Ecológico Distrital de Montaña (PEDM) categoría con por 2 zonas que se extienden en 229,6 ha, y a los Sistemas de Áreas Protegidas equivalentes a 53,01 ha. En estas áreas de protección, han surgido nuevas actividades que buscan aprovechar la disponibilidad de los recursos naturales y al mismo tiempo promover la conservación de la riqueza ambiental. En las áreas protegidas una de las actividades que se realizan es el ecoturismo, actividad realizada en Ciudad Bolívar por la Asociación de Turismo Rural Comunitario (ATRC), ofreciendo servicios de agroturismo en Pasquilla.

 Vías y Transporte

Debido a su crecimiento descontrolado en el , y su topografía particular, la movilidad en la localidad suele ser más lenta debida a la falta de autopistas en muchos de sus barrios y la inclinación que alenta el paso vehicular.

En la actualidad hay pocas vías amplias de acceso a los barrios, entre las principales están: la Autopista Sur que sirve de acceso hacia el norte de la localidad, la Avenida Ciudad de Villavicencio atraviesa la localidad del nororiente hacia el oriente, la Avenida Boyacá, que sirve como fuente principal a los barrios montañosos del sur de la localidad y la Avenida Jorge Gaitán Cortés, que atraviesa la localidad desde el nororiente hacia el occidente. También cuenta con servicios de bus alimentador del sistema TransMilenio desde el Portal del Tunal que brinda transporte a pasajeros provenientes de algunos barrios de esta localidad. La Norte-Quito-Sur (línea G) también presta sus servicios a los barrios del norte de la localidad con las estaciones Centro Comercial Paseo Villa del Río - Madelena y Perdomo.

 Transmicable
El sistema de cable aéreo Transmicable, fue inaugurado El 27 de diciembre de 2018 e inició operaciones comerciales el 29 de diciembre del mismo año. Transmicable es un sistema tipo teleférico que cuenta con una longitud de 3.3 km. Este sistema está compuesto por 4 estaciones; Estación Portal Tunal, Estación Mirador Paraíso, Estación Manitas, Estación Juan Pablo II. El Transmicable cuenta con 24 pilonas (columnas), con 163 cabinas con capacidad de 10 pasajeros cada una con un sistema avanzado en tecnología y seguridad con intercomunicadores para la comunicación directa con el centro de control, puertas de seguridad automáticas, paneles solares que aseguran la llegada de la cabina a la estación más cercana en caso de existir un fallo eléctrico, un sistema de video-vigilancia que garantiza la seguridad de los usuarios durante el recorrido y Wi-Fi gratuito. El movimiento constante de las cabinas garantiza que 3600 personas por hora en un solo sentido puedan disfrutar de este servicio, este medio de transporte se adapta a la topografía montañosa de la localidad permitiendo el desplazamiento de los habitantes a través de ciertos barrios (aledaños a las estaciones) hasta el Portal Tunal que se encuentra en la localidad de Tunjuelito, esta permite cubrir el recorrido en 13 minutos, una distancia que por vía terrestre, requería de una hora.

El Transmicable se considera sostenible porque no genera contaminación como los medios motorizados gracias al uso de paneles solares en las cabinas y energía eléctrica, ayudando a reducir aproximadamente 750 toneladas de CO2 al año. Además de que los ciudadanos pueden acceder al sistema con una tarifa de $2.500 pesos, teniendo en cuenta la utilidad del servicio a comparación de otros elementos del sistema Transmilenio, como los buses, que tienen la misma tarifa pero no igualan la comodidad, calidad y seguridad durante el transcurso del viaje. Beneficiando de gran manera a los usuarios que habitan estas zonas de difícil acceso y aquellos con algún tipo de discapacidad.

 Economía

La principal actividad económica de Ciudad Bolívar es el comercio.

 Sectores Económicos

 Sector Primario
Se encuentra en mayor medida en la zona rural, más exactamente en el Parque Minero Industrial Mochuelo [PMIM], en el cual se disponen 3 actividades económicas principales, las cuales son: Extracción de arcillas, extracción de materiales de construcción y usos agrícolas.

Una de las actividades económicas más importantes de la localidad es la agricultura con un 18.6% siendo superada por la producción pecuaria (34,2%) y los parques mineros (45,5); a nivel local el área cultivable corresponde al 11.59% distribuido por los corregimientos, la producción total anual es de 9.778 toneladas, el 79.4% se utiliza en producción de papa, 15.9% a la producción de arveja y 5% a maíz, habas  y otras hortalizas. La producción total  de papa se divide en 5% para el consumo local, 25% para semilla y el 70% restante se comercializa a Corabastos; en cuanto a la producción de arveja, haba, maíz y hortalizas, 97% se comercializa en Corabastos, el 3% se utiliza para semilla y auto-consumo.

 Sector Secundario
Se encuentra en mayor medida en las UPZ de Lucero, Ismael Perdomo y San Francisco.

 Sector Terciario
Está presente en toda la localidad, pero predomina en las UPZ de  Ismael Perdomo, Lucero, Jerusalén y San Francisco.

 Agricultura Urbana

En Ciudad Bolívar hay aproximadamente 240 huertas urbanas; ubicadas en los barrios: Arborizadora Alta, Arborizadora Baja, Santo Domingo, La Estancia, Los Tres Reyes, Sierra Morena, El Mirador, Juan Pablo II, San Rafael, Lucero Alto, La Torre y Cordillera del Sur, las cuales son asistidas por el Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, dedicadas a actividades agrícolas como la siembra de verduras, hortalizas, hierbas aromáticas, plantas medicinales, cereales, leguminosas y frutas.  Y algunas de estas huertas también practican actividades pecuarias tales como la cunicultura, lombricultura y helicicultura.

Los campesinos de la zona rural de Colombia tuvieron que dirigirse hacia la ciudad de Bogotá por conflictos armados y exclusión social, al llegar a la ciudad, se hospedaron en los barrios marginales del sur de la ciudad, esto los obligó a cambiar su vida por completo y a cambiar su proyecto de vida, de este problema social crece la idea de la agricultura urbana; es la producción de plantas hortícolas, medicinales y aromáticas, que se cultivan en espacios de viviendas, realizando adecuaciones en zonas como: terrazas, patios, jardines y solares, usando diversos tipos de recipientes (reciclables, naturales, entre otros), todo esto unido al uso adecuado del agua y fomentando la buena nutrición y la autosostenibilidad

La gran mayoría de las huertas urbanas fueron creadas por estas personas, debido a sus conocimientos de agricultura por venir al campo, con la idea de implementar esto para su auto sostenimiento. Las huertas urbanas se implementan en Ciudad Bolívar para el abastecimiento de las familias, relacionándose con el entorno a través de la alimentación sana y tradiciones familiares, con este nuevo sistema se busca implementar el cuidado al medio ambiente utilizando diferentes prácticas agrícolas amigables con el ecosistema, incluyendo la comercialización de los productos que se cosechan, creando una relación de apropiación con las comunidades y reconocimiento del territorio por parte de las personas que ahí habitan e incluyendo el autoconsumo de las familias de bajos recursos.

Los beneficios de tener huertas urbanas para los pobladores y su comunidades son: Por medio de la producción de hortalizas, verduras, algunas plantas medicinales, frutales y aromáticas, se fortalece la nutrición en las familias a través de los hábitos  hacia una mejor alimentación, también, permite tener mejor salud, además aporta a la provisión de alimentos y disminuye los costos de la canasta familiar, fortalece las prácticas de la nueva cultura ambiental a través de la transformación de residuos orgánicos y manejo racional del agua, por último, la agricultura urbana le da una nueva valoración a los territorios de Ciudad Bolívar.

En Ciudad Bolívar se encuentran alrededor de 240 huertas urbanas, algunas de ellas son:

 Huerta Cordillera del sur
 Huerta Dome
 Huerta Don Julio
 Huerta Fundación Oasis
 Huerta Arborizadora alta
 Huerta Los abuelos
 Huerta Mariela
 Huerta Mis años dorados
 Huerta Quebrada limas
 Huerta Raíces del campo
 Huerta Casa grande
 Huerta IED Ciudad Bolívar Argentina
 Huerta la Estancia
 Huerta Vecinos
 Huerta Hermanos Aguilar

 Demografía
La población de Ciudad Bolívar es de  habitantes, que representan el 8,5% de los habitantes del Distrito Capital distribuidas en  hombres y  mujeres, ocupando el quinto puesto dentro de las 19 localidades. La mayoría de los habitantes son de bajo estrato socioeconómico predominando el estrato 1 con un 54,6% y el 2 con 34,6%.

 Sitios de interés
 Alto de la Cruz: Hacia el sur en la zona montañosa, es uno de los miradores para ver la periferia de la localidad, además del ubicado en el parque Brisas del Volador.

 Vereda Quiba: Es un santuario de la flora y fauna propia de los suelos semiáridos de la localidad. Se mantiene la iglesia San Martín de Quiba, construida por el poeta Jorge Rojas y una casa de estilo colonial. Se encuentra además la vereda de Pasquilla con su atractivo gastronómico en lácteos y un hermoso pueblito y una reserva forestal de encenillo.

 Barrio Juan Pablo II: En este barrio se encuentra la Biblioteca Comunitaria Semillas Creativas, que durante más de treinta años ha realizado apuestas de formación social y organizativa en el barrio y la localidad. en su trayectoria junto a entidades comunitarias, distritales, internacionales y nacionales ha trabajado en tres ejes fundamentales el acceso al libro, formación de lectores y la alfabetización. Alrededor de ello se tejen propuestas artísticas que empoderan a niñas, niños, jóvenes y adultos. Semillas Creativas durante el año 2000, realizó la Escuela de artística: Festival Quebrada Limas, fruto de uno del taller de escultura es la famosa Escultura del Sapo, localizada en la plazoleta cultural, para rescatar la fauna que habitaba hace varias décadas en la Quebrada Limas.

Para el año 2003, la Biblioteca Semillas Creativas, se erige también en la plazoleta, el monumento de memoria colectiva: "Canto a la vida" una escultura del artista local Harold Bustos, en la cual interactúan las niñas y niños. Lleva consigo la huella dolorosa de la masacre de jóvenes ocurrida en 1992 en el barrio, perpetrada por grupos irregulares. Poco a poco y como parte de la historia local, esta plazoleta hoy es declarada patrimonio cultural y arquitectónico.

Plazoleta del Sapo o plazoleta del barrio Juan Pablo II: construido física y culturalmente por los y las habitantes del barrio. Este lugar es escenario permanente de la vida de barrio, y de manifestaciones culturales y artísticas. cada 20 de julio, este barrio celebra su aniversario con un grana bazar comunitario. Este lugar es una muestra de la apropiación del espacio público y el reconocimiento de la memoria histórica.

 El Puente de los indios en Arborizadora Alta,
 El Palo del Ahorcado en el barrio Potosí
 La Piedra del Muerto en el barrio Capri.

 Servicios públicos Educación La localidad cuenta con 161 Colegios entre públicos y privados.

 Ciudad Bolívar cuenta con la Sede de la Facultad Tecnológica de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
 Centro Salesiano Juan Bosco Obrero, ubicado en el barrio La Estrella.
 Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios con sedes técnica, tecnológica y profesional en los barrios San Francisco, Candelaria y Potosí.Salud Hay cerca de una veintena de centros de salud, entre UPAS (Unidades Primarias de Atención en Salud), UBAS (Unidades Básicas de Atención en Salud), CAMI (Centros de Atención Médica Inmediata) y dos hospitales (más uno en construcción).

 Centro Zonal ICBF

 Cultura

 Casa de la Cultura Ciudad Bolívar.
 Casa de la Cultura La Candelaria
 Casa de la Juventud: Se encuentra ubicada en el barrio Lucero Bajo. Es un espacio que promueve el fortalecimiento de capacidades y habilidades de los jóvenes a través del arte y la cultura.
 Centros Locales de Artes para la Niñez y la Juventud CLAN Lucero y CLAN Meissen
 CES Waldrof

 Organizaciones culturales y comunitarias
 Ojo al Sancocho Festival: Es un festival internacional de cine y video alternativo y comunitario que desde el año 2008 promueve la democratización de la cultura y la educación audiovisual en Colombia desde la localidad Ciudad Bolívar. Forma parte de la Red de Cine Comunitario de América Latina y el Caribe.

 Centro Cultural Kirius 19: Es un colectivo juvenil de orientación política antifascista que trabaja por la dignificación de la juventud, especialmente en los sectores de la población más vulnerable. Ha recibido el apoyo del Movimiento por la Defensa de los Derechos del Pueblo (MODEP).Colectivo Audiovisual Los Montaña''': Es una red de coproducción audiovisual conformada por colectivos audiovisuales de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar, que desde los años 90 vienen produciendo historias locales, a través de diversas formas de autogestión en el territorio de Ciudad Bolívar. Hasta la fecha se han producido con la red de Los Montaña Audiovisual: Noche de Vándalos, El Rumor del Maso, Lecturas que matan y El banquete. https://www.facebook.com/losmontanacine .

Deporte

 438 Parques y escenarios públicos deportivos
 8 Canchas sintéticas distritales
Parque Distrital Altos de La Estancia

Deportistas destacados
 John Mario Ramírez, futbolista

Véase también
 Anexo:Localidades de Bogotá
Historia de Bogotá
Anexo: Barrios de Bogotá

Referencias

http://herenciadelaloma.blogspot.com/2010/02/recuerdos.html

Enlaces externos

  Comunidad en el trabajo - Barrio Jan Pablo II, Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotà  ⇒ playlist


In KRN-Mephrec, six institutions are involved as partners. Further, the City of Nuremberg is engaged as associated partner.
A six-month pilot project was conducted both for preparatory planning purposes and for the required pollution-control and building approval applications. The overall concept of the joint project is presented in the following.
The process of sewage treatment in the city of Nuremberg produces around 40,000 tonnes of dehydrated sewage sludge per year. Together with the city partners of Erlangen, Fürth and Schwabach, this results in a total of around 70,000 tonnes per year. The sludge is mainly burnt in power stations while a small proportion is given over to agricultural and landscaping activities.
Due to the lack of alternatives, the material is transported over large distances, rendered harmless, and put into final storage, even though the sludge would also be suitable for local material and energy recycling. Sludge is a raw material that has the potential to considerably improve the energy balance of the sewage treatment plant and to cover a total of up to 40% of the domestic demand for increasingly scarce phosphorus resources.
In the course of an international ideas competition, the city of Nuremberg examined thirteen process concepts that could, in a forward-looking and sustainable manner, be used to improve regional value creation, climate protection and the efficiency with which wastewater and energy resources are treated in the metropolitan region, taking into account ecological and economic criteria.
The process ultimately selected as the one with the greatest potential involves smelting sewage sludge by way of metallurgical phosphorus recycling ('mephrec'). This technique has previously only been employed in large-scale plants and with other objectives relating to the thermal utilisation of municipal and industrial waste.
The joint partners in the project aim to investigate the technical feasibility, cost-effectiveness and ecological sustainability of metallurgical phosphorus recycling as an integrated, thermal process of melt-gassing sewage sludge.
With the aid of a pilot system on a semi-technical scale, the process is to be tested in its core components and developed until it is suitable for constant operation.
To devise a regional management concept for the flow of energy and substances with respect to sewage sludge, including energy utilisation and recirculation/exploitation of the products in the economic cycle.
The energy requirements of the sewage treatment plant are covered by utilising the synthesis gas generated. Carbon and hydrogen contained in the sewage sludge are supplied as fuel gas with a high calorific value for supplying heat and electricity.
Pollutants are eliminated in the sludge by complete destruction of all organic pollutants at high temperature, and a permanent bond of the heavy metals is created in the ferrous smelt.
Tapping sewage sludge as a source of phosphorus by feeding the recyclable materials back into the economic cycle as low-pollutant recyclates that can be absorbed as plant nutrients.
Determining the scaling factors and their impact on cost-effectiveness with different site prerequisites and process combinations.
Promoting operational and marketing-relevant acceptance of the technology in terms of extending the value creation chain to wastewater purification.
Under the guiding principal of a regional utilisation concept for sewage sludge, the municipal partner of Nuremberg is developing the regional management concept together with its project partners, with the aim of focusing the waste flows of wastewater treatment in the metropolitan region such that their sustainable and economically beneficial management is enabled under maximum energy efficiency and material utilisation of sewage sludge. This solution is ecologically balanced and the impact of the concept has been compared with the established sewage sludge utilisation channels in Germany.
Regarding the objective of developing a process chain, technological questions are being treated academically and their implementation elaborated on a large technical scale, taking into account established state-of-the-art processes. In the first test phase, the reactor is charged with dried, briquetted sewage sludge. In a subsequent project phase, the sewage sludge briquette will be replaced by sewage sludge ash taken from mono-combustion.
Besides demonstrating the functionality and applicability of the process, the energy-based integration of all steps in the process is the decisive factor that determines its cost-effectiveness and in turn competitiveness. Energy-intensive sub-processes are interwoven in such a way that the energy yield of all preparatory and downstream processing steps is maximised. At the same time, sewage sludge drying and exhaust air treatment processes must be adapted to the operating environment of the sewage plant such that synergies are exhausted and the local site benefits in terms of infrastructure, exhaust air and wastewater treatment, and, in particular, energy recycling in the sewage plant, are utilised. The final thematic complex, which is to comprise investigations of product quality and marketing opportunities, will involve further-reaching work packages that will first of all look at the products and their quality and price. In addition, the overall potential of the management system will be researched, its ecological and economic aspects determined in terms of their importance to the wastewater sector of the region, and the medium-term sewage sludge utilisation and phosphorus recycling strategy of the central and state governments investigated.


Improvement of investment climate in construction was discussed on round table in Moscow - Moscow: building without administrative barriers. Building is easy!
In Moscow, an Urban Talks round table expert discussion was held, the topic of it was "Investment climate in construction industry. Challenges and New Solutions ". It was organized by the Moscow Urban Forum together with the Department of urban planning policy of Moscow. The round table was attended by representatives of the city government, members and experts of construction and financial markets.
Panelists noted that today the situation in investment and construction sectors cannot be considered as favorable. For developers, it is characterized by a combination of three factors: limited access to financial resources, the high cost of loans and drastic lessening of demand for certain types of real estate, primarily for offices and retail facilities. Profitability of a number of high-quality objects of Moscow real estate remains high (about 10-11% annually), but part of the office and retail space is empty.
According to the head of research department of Cushman and Wakefield, Denis Sokolov, 20% of Moscow office sector and about 10% of retail facilities are vacant now.
[citata id=875]During the last two years the volume of investments in commercial real estate has been reduced. In 2015, the volume of investments has decreased almost three-fold (to $2.8 billion) in comparison with 2013. Construction of commercial real estate is radically dropping. Experts do not predict a drastic change in the situation during the next two or three years.
According to their forecasts, annual volumes of commissioning of office facilities do not exceed 30-50% comparing to the volume of 2014. Moreover, the market is experiencing repricing, said Sokolov. "In this regard, today we face the question of how to revive the market, how to ensure the flow of investments, regardless of any geopolitical challenges," he said.
[citata id=937]New economic situation makes use of all the tools to improve the investment climate. With this in mind, along with the expansion of economic incentives it is extremely important to lower administrative barriers for construction sector. This significantly reduces investment risks, expenses and terms of project implementation.
As Sergey Levkin, the Head of Urban Policy Department noted in his speech, Moscow addresses the task posed by the Mayor: to find a balance between the interests of three parties ¬– Muscovites, investors and the city. A clue for successful development of the city is to rely on human capital assets, he stressed. If a person is at the forefront and every effort is aimed at his comfortable life, investments must meet these requirements.
Construction is one of the most important trends in development of the city. Being a major city Moscow cannot live and develop without the involvement of private investment, said Levkin.
[citata id=929]Attracting investors to construction sector, according to Levkin, is possible through the establishment of special preferences, which is especially important in times of economic crisis and demand reduction. The Moscow City Government has already made a number of steps in this direction. In particular, it was decided to grant instalments for rent payments or for change of permitted use of land plots, to reduce rental rates for the land intended for construction of apartment buildings, subject to new quality standards, approved in requirements for architectural and town-planning solutions of apartment residential buildings.
Levkin also said that the city has issued construction permits for a total area of more than 31 million square meters of real estate. The targeted investment program for the next three years is also approved; more than 500 objects will be built in its framework. In addition, over the last 5 years, town planning solutions for potential construction of 150 million square meters were adopted.
[citata id=860]He also noted that out of the total area on which the construction permits were issued, 90% of construction is carried out by investors, while the budget of the city is involved in the process only by 10%. Huge amounts of budget funds are invested in development of infrastructure, particularly in roads and transport development.
One of important fields of work to improve the investment climate is to implement administrative reform in construction industry, said the Head of the Moscow Department of Urban Policy. Since 2013, the Moscow Construction Complex has done a lot in this field: the process is optimized and the term of obtaining permits is reduced. The transparency of the entire process is ensured by transfer of state services to electronic format.
[citata id=727]Today the whole cycle of procedures is converted to e-format: from obtaining a land plot for construction to commissioning of a facility. 12 basic state services related to construction industry is available in electronic format.
The growth of real estate prices in Russia will be explosive. The moment the demand exceeds supply, prices will rocket up. The state should perform the regulator function. And today, when there is a decline in demand, the state should support it. The state acts as a regulator, keeping the stable volume of construction, in order not to suffer from the lack of supply when real estate prices start to rise.
At the meeting the participants exchanged views on how the business climate of the capital has changed in recent years, how the crisis has affected the expectations of investors, and what sort of interest have foreign investors in the Russian real estate, etc.
[citata id=927]According to some participants of the round table, the current situation in the economy and the construction industry will change, though not in the near future. This will affect the demand for real estate – it will cause the explosive growth, considers the Executive Chairman of the Barkli corporation, Head of the workgroup of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives on facilitation of obtaining construction permits Leonid Kazitets. But even now the state must fulfill the role of market regulator and maintain the volume of construction in order to ensure market supply, when the demand goes up.


text:
Wilhelm Oxenius (ur. 9 września 1912 w Kassel, zm. 13 sierpnia 1979) – niemiecki oficer, służący podczas II wojny światowej.

Życiorys
Był adiutantem generała-pułkownika (Generaloberst) Alfreda Jodla podczas II wojny światowej. Służył również w sztabie Grupy Pancernej Zachód we Francji w czerwcu 1944 r.

Wilhelm Oxenius był członkiem delegacji, która 7 maja 1945 roku podpisała w Reims akt kapitulacji III Rzeszy.

Był jeńcem wojennym od 10 maja 1945 do 3 stycznia 1948.

Zmarł w 1979 r. w wieku 66 lat.

Oficerowie Wehrmachtu
Urodzeni w 1912
Zmarli w 1979

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An artist wouldn't be complete without his paintbrushes, and the same goes for your beauty regime. It's all very well buying the latest contouring products, but if you don't have the correct brush, you just won't achieve the same effect.
There are many different preferences when it comes to applying products such as foundation, but for some things, a brush is all you need to apply the finishing touches to a flawless look. Most make-up brush sets come with a range of styles to cater to all beauty regimes. The basic components of any make-up brush set should include an all-over shadow brush, an angled blusher brush, a bushy powder brush and a straight foundation brush. These should allow you to apply a daytime look with ease.
However, if you want to achieve a more complex look, then larger sets can include items such as blending brushes, brow brushes and fan brushes. If you have perfected the difficult art of contouring, there tend to be separate kits out there dedicated to this trend. There are also dedicated travel brush sets for those who want to look good on the go, and vegan-friendly bristles, and funky coloured sets that will look pretty on your dressing table.
If you've not tried using make-up brushes before or you don't want to spend too much on them, there are plenty of great sets around that won't break the bank. However if you're a budding make-up artist or beauty vlogger, you may want to invest a little bit more in a full set that will last you for years to come. We've picked our 6 favourite sets below. Ready. Set. Contour.
The Zoeva Rose Gold Brush Set is bang on trend and will look elegant and professional on your dressing table. If you are looking to invest in a decent brush set to take you from day to night then this one gets the job done superbly. You'll be able to achieve anything from winged eyeliner to contouring with the utmost perfection.
These small brushes are the best make-up brushes for travel because they fit neatly in your handbag in a convenient carry case. If you're going away for the weekend then you'll want to have the Sigma Beauty Travel Kit with you. Despite being a travel kit, you still get a comprehensive range of 7 brushes to achieve a range of day and night-time looks wherever you are.
Although the cheapest on our list, the Real Techniques Core Collection is by no means the least impressive. If you're venturing into the make-up brush world for the first time, then this simple set will get you started nicely. You'll get the essential four brushes for creating a flawless daytime look, making these the best make-up brushes for beginners. Once you have this set you can build on it to add more brushes as you practice your look.
If you're one of the lucky ones who have perfected the art of contouring, then why not brighten up your make-up bag with these beautiful brushes? This is a set of four that is vegan-friendly, cruelty-free and ultimately the best make-up brushes for contouring on the market. If you're looking to give contouring a try, then we think this set is very reasonably priced, and they look pretty funky, too.
For a full set of brushes that will take you from day to night anywhere in the world, then the Morphe 15 Piece Vegan Pro Set is ideal. It comes in a handy carry-case which is ideal for travel and we love that it is completely synthetic and animal-friendly. From primer right through to smoky eyes; there's a brush for every look.


Oracle by David Hayes, in front of the Arts Council building this year.
This is the last weekend for "Art to the Avenue" in downtown Greenwich. I've never gone down to see it before, but this weekend I just might.
The Greenwich Time reported, when the program launched, that there would be 160 artists represented at 150 different locations, including retailers and the spaces of several town nonprofit organizations. The show will also incorporate more large sculptures than before.
It's heartwarming when society makes a special effort to bring art to the overprivileged.


Color: Bright Purple Red with medium intensity.
Aroma: Typical varietal Cabernet nose where the notes of ripe black fruit is harmonized with subtle touches of oak.
Flavor: Elegant and well balanced our Cabernet Sauvignon shows strawberry and cassis flavors, gentle tannins contributing to a velvety texture effect of wine in his long palate.


text:
Home » Boat Ride
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POSTED Tue, 05/01/2018 - 11:06 | POSTED BY Kristen Kirk
Disney's Animal Kingdom
Expedition Everest
FastPass+
Pandora - The World of Avatar
5 Points Of Can't Miss Fun at Disney's Animal Kingdom
Travelers new to planning Walt Disney World vacations often ask me for advice where to start. With so many areas and activities in one place, knowing what to see and do can seem like a daunting task. My advice to them is to break it down by visiting just one Park a day, and creating a list with 5 points of can't miss fun. Obviously you're going to see and do more than 5 things in a day, but once you've crossed off those "musts" you can just relax and consider everything else bonus fun. Here's my 5 Points Of Can't Miss Fun at Disney's Animal Kingdom for Summer 2018.
POSTED Mon, 07/24/2017 - 11:00 | POSTED BY Traci C.
california grill
Contemporary Grounds
Contemporary Resort
Seven Seas Lagoon
The Wave...of American Flavors
The Top 5 Things to Love about Disney's Contemporary Resort
Disney's Contemporary Resort has been an icon at the Walt Disney World Resort since the very beginning. The A-frame structure hotel was part of Walt Disney's vision for Disney World and opened in 1971. And, to this day, riding the Monorail through the hotel is a highlight of any visit to the resort and to the Magic Kingdom.
Enchanted Tiki Room
Hall of Presidents
Original attractions
Original Magic Kingdom Attractions You Can Still Enjoy
A lot has changed at Walt Disney World since it first opened in 1971. Back then the Magic Kingdom was the only Park, and Disney resort choices included just the Contemporary, Polynesian Village, or the Fort Wilderness Camp Ground. Attractions at the Magic Kingdom have left, and now ones have taken their place, but through it all these time tested rides have survived it all. If you're looking for a taste of Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom 1971 style, focus your your touring strategy on taking in these fourteen great original Magic Kingdom rides.
POSTED Wed, 01/11/2017 - 12:00 | POSTED BY Kristen Kirk
Amphicars
disney food blog
The Boathouse at Disney Springs Offers Lunch & Launch
The BOATHOUSE at Disney Spring is one of many fabulous eateries that are taking the shopping, dining, and entertainment complex to another level. The massive Boathouse complex holds three bars, several dining rooms that seat a total of 600 people, a museum quality collection of rare boats, a gift shop, and the launch for one of the most unique experiences anywhere - Vintage Amphicar Tours of Disney Springs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So I was playing $5/10 today and was actually called out as a Donkey for this play that I made... your thoughts?
I am the SB and a player in the HJ makes it $50 To-go with just about $500 behind. I know this player to be quite tight and only raises with premium holdings. I also know that if I "hit" the flop I will get his stack. If I miss I can easily get away. I call the $50 with 10-7s and I'm sitting with about $2,500 behind. The UTG also comes along(another tight player who basically plays premiums hands) and has about $500 behind as well. The flop comes Js Qc 8s. So I hit this flop pretty hard with both straight & flush draws. I check, UTG checks and the HJ makes it $100. At this point I put him on an over pair and know that I'm getting called regardless of what I put into the pot.
I think for a bit a decide to jam I figured both villains have short stacks, and my implied odds are good enough to jam in this spot.
I get called by both villains and the pot has now ballooned to $1,700+\-.
The HJ turns over KK, UTG shows JJ for a set, and I obviously hit the straight flush. Not sure why these guys said I was a donkey for this play? It feels like a pretty standard play considering how "short" they were.... in fact now that I think about it. Even if they were sitting with deep stacks, I prolly would have still check-raised to $300-400 on that flop.... Thoughts?
Similar Threads for: Is this a Donkey move???
I would have played that hand just as you did. That wasn't a donkey play. They just didn't like getting beat by a straight flush.
I think there calling you a donkey for calling a 5BB raise with 10 7s oop with the effective stack being 50BB, i personally fold pre-flop but as played check shoving the flop is fine.
You had an unluck day myfriend.Keep playing and forget about the past.
re: Poker & Is this a Donkey move???
Anyway, you ran them over. And they're just hurt and jealous that you beat them. Attaboy. Good luck with your future hands.
I think you played it correctly post flop. I like to mix up my game like this and call with similar cards, as you said easy to get away from and you made the move against the correct kind of player.
It's an easy fold pre but it's your money and you can play however you like.They should of sucked it up and said nice hand and got on with the game.
Aggressive maybe I might have only called the bets and then jammed on river after hitting but that allows for opponents to fold if they sniff out you had a flush and might not always be the best play a bit safer though nice hand.
Personally, I would have played this hand as well, taking into account all the above. They are just jealous bc of bad beat.
But if opponents stack size would have been higher, it is likely to raise to 10BB I would have thrown off the Ts7s.
I would immediately throw this card when I raised. Playing with a small card means releasing your stack. The fact that you just lucky does not mean that you did the right thing. These guys were right about the donkey. Put yourself in their place and think.I have players like you associate with fish.
I believe that you have done everything right. Everything happens in poker. Continue to play.
fold pre. the jam on the flop is fine... but you dont beat tight players in the long term by hitting flops, so if youre calling with weak speculative hands, you need to have more to your plan than getting lucky and hitting the flop. so when he makes it 50, just get out of the way, hes got a strong hand and hes not folding pre to any reasonable raise.
also, you need implied odds to play speculative hands preflop. im not sure what you think implied odds are, but given the way you used the term in the original post, i can assure you that implied odds does not mean what you think it means. implied odds is how much they have left to pay you after you hit a hand, so if youre starting the hand against a short stack, then your implied odds are much lower. so if youre already all in, then you do not have implied odds.
You didn't play the way "they" wanted you to. You laid out your reasons for calling the preflop bet which are all sound. Poker is more than the sum of all the math involved and a little luck is part of the game.
Would of played your hand more or less as you had.
One Question? Why the hell do you care what other players call you, play your game and take their monies, simple as that.
In this case you are not a donkey! Greetings!
So yes I did use it correctly, and I do know what implied odds are. Do you? Apparently not.
I do not Need to have a "made hand" to have implied odds. I could have missed all my outs and lost the hand, but that doesn't mean I still did not have implied odds.
I just thought it made for a good post. Wanted to see what others do in this spot.
Hey, I agree with your play. I'm a firm believer on keeping the table on their toes. Keep crushing it.
Hilarious. Anyways they made a big mistake by calling you with names, they should have congratulated you and buy you a beer or two. You might want to educate them next time that calling you with names is bad for long term EV.


FFA advises members about relevant developments in international trade policy and economic co-operation frameworks and how to advance their individual and collective fisheries interests in trade policy and economic partnership negotiations. Regular trade and industry reports include Fisheries Trade Briefing, Tuna Market News & Fisheries Economic Indicators. Many of these activities are part of the DEVFISH project.


text:
Q: Changing the origins of SQL Server polygon geometry I've got a table with polygon geometries, all with their origins @ (0,0). I want to recreate these polygons with the same dimensions, but at different origin points(x,y). Because all the original polygons have an origin of (0,0), I'm trying to add the new origin point value to each coordinate point in the polygon (0+x,0+y).
I'm trying to do this at a database level, using a user defined scalar function that will create the new geometry in a View Table.
I'm able to create a new table, with the new coordinates and the STPointN() of each point in the polygon.
DECLARE @max INT
SET @max = MAX(@geom.STNumPoints())

DECLARE @points TABLE (pos int,OgX float,OgY float, NewX decimal(16,10),NewY decimal(18,10))

;WITH Sequence(Number) AS
(
    SELECT 1 AS Number
    UNION ALL
    SELECT Number + 1
    FROM Sequence
    WHERE Number < @max
)
INSERT INTO @points
SELECT
    Number
    ,@geom.STPointN(nums.number).STX AS OgX
    ,@geom.STPointN(nums.number).STY AS OgY
    ,@geom.STPointN(nums.number).STX+@NewOrigin.STX AS NewX
    ,@geom.STPointN(nums.number).STY+@NewOrigin.STY AS NewY
FROM Sequence nums
WHERE nums.number <= @geom.STNumPoints()

At this point I'm stuck trying to find a way to get the NewX and NewY columns to replace the points in the original geometry. I've tried:
DECLARE @geomtext VARCHAR(MAX) =@geom.STAsText()
DECLARE @idColumn INT = MIN(pos) FROM @points
WHILE @idColumn IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
    SET @fromX = (SELECT OgX FROM @points WHERE pos=@idColumn)
    SET @toX = (SELECT NewX FROM @points WHERE pos=@idColumn)
    SET @geomtext= REPALCE(@geomtext,@fromX,@toX)
    SELECT @idColumn = MIN(pos) FROM @points WHERE pos>@idColumn
END

but this obviously isn't accurate and replaces the wrong values.
Is there a way to change the coordinates of a polygon using the position number you get from STPointN()?  Maybe something like SET @geom.STPointN(i)=NewXValue?
Or is there a better way to do this that I have missed?

A: I've figured out a solution, its not pretty but it works.
DECLARE @splitValues TABLE(pos INT IDENTITY, value VARCHAR(MAX))

INSERT INTO @splitValues (value)
SELECT  value
FROM    STRING_SPLIT(@geom.STAsText(), ',')

DECLARE @buildingTable TABLE([form] VARCHAR(MAX), OldCoords VARCHAR(MAX))

INSERT INTO @buildingTable ([form], OldCoords)
SELECT value,
        substring(value, PatIndex('%[-0-9]%', value), len(value))
FROM    @splitValues s

DECLARE @buildingTable2 TABLE([form] VARCHAR(MAX), justCoords VARCHAR(MAX), NewX FLOAT, NewY FLOAT)

INSERT INTO @buildingTable2(form,justCoords,NewX,NewY)
SELECT  form,
        replace(oldcoords,')',''),
        cast(substring(OldCoords,0,charindex(' ',substring(OldCoords, PatIndex('%[-0-9]%', OldCoords), len(OldCoords)))) as float)+@newOrigin.STX,
        cast(replace(substring(OldCoords,charindex(' ',substring(OldCoords, PatIndex('%[-0-9]%', OldCoords), len(OldCoords))), len(OldCoords)), ')','') as float)+@newOrigin.STY
FROM @buildingTable

DECLARE @finalBuildTable TABLE (points varchar(max))
INSERT INTO @finalBuildTable (points)
SELECT replace(form, justCoords, concat(cast(NewX as decimal(16,8)), ' ',cast(NewY as decimal(18,8))))

FROM @buildingTable2

DECLARE @NewGeomText varchar(max)

SELECT @NewGeomText = COALESCE(@NewGeomText+', '+points, points )
FROM @finalBuildTable

SELECT cast(@NewGeomText as geometry)

I could probably condense it a bit and use a few less declared tables.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Home / Members / Ocampo 1890, S. C.
Ocampo 1890 is proudly the oldest law firm in Mexico, established in 1890 by Pedro Ocampo.
Ocampo 1890 is recognized as a firm that offers maximum quality in its services; this recogniton has been earned through professional competence, commitment, diligence and strict ethical standards. This is supported by direct contact and personal attention with each of their clients.
Ocampo 1890 focus on discovering and meeting client expectations, and from there, they make every effort to become a strong strategic ally for their clients' interests, adding value by achieving client objectives through high‑quality consulting and legal services.
Ocampo 1890 has 40+ years of experience in insurance matters. It is considered one of the most specialized firms in Insurance Law in Mexico. The insurance team has been recognised in the Chambers & Partners Latin America publication since 2014. One of their partners, Aldo Ocampo, has been recognized as a leader in the practice by this publication since 2012.


text:
Q: how to compare variable in different columns pandas I want to compare three variable in three dataframe columns. but it gave me an error TypeError: unhashable type: 'Series'. below is my code
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['Entry','Middle','Exit'])
entry_value = '17.98'
middle_value = '12.16'
exit_value = '1.2'
df = df.append({'Entry' : entry_value , 'Middle' : middle_value, 'Exit' : exit_value}, ignore_index = True)
entry_value = '19.98'
middle_value = '192.16'
exit_value = '1.1'
if entry_value in {df['Entry'] , df['Middle'] , df['Exit']} :
    print('entry')
elif middle_value in {df['Entry'] , df['Middle'] , df['Exit']} :
    print('middle')
elif exit_value in {df['Entry'] , df['Middle'] , df['Exit']} :
    print('exit')
else:
    print('wawo')`

A: You can search for a column but if you want to search for multiple columns you must either convert them to a single list or define them as a single series.
if entry_value in df[['Entry','Middle','Exit']].stack().to_list():
    print('entry')
elif middle_value in df[['Entry','Middle','Exit']].stack().to_list():
    print('middle')
elif exit_value in df[['Entry','Middle','Exit']].stack().to_list():
    print('exit')
else:
    print('wawo')

If you are searching all columns, you do not need to define individual column names:
#dont use
#df[['Entry','Middle','Exit']].stack()

#use
#df.stack()
if entry_value in df.stack().to_list():
    print('entry')
elif middle_value in df.stack().to_list():
    print('middle')
elif exit_value in df.stack().to_list():
    print('exit')
else:
    print('wawo')

A: I suggest you to use pandas.DataFrame.isin to check if any of the columns selected contain a certain value.
Try this :
cols= ['Entry', 'Middle', 'Exit']

if any(df[cols].isin([entry_value])):
    print('entry')
elif any(df[cols].isin([middle_value])):
    print('middle')
elif any(df[cols].isin([exit_value])):
    print('exit')
else:
    print('wawo')

NB: Not sure why you're assigning different values to the same variables when constructing your datarame but you should know that pandas.DataFrame.append is deprecated.

FutureWarning: The frame.append method is deprecated and will be
removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.


text:
Николай Максимович Плуталов (1861—?) — русский военный деятель, генерал-майор (1917). Герой Первой мировой войны.

Биография
Из дворянского рода Плуталовых, сын Максима Ивановича Плуталова (1807-?) — коллежского асессоpа, Княгининского уездного казначея. В 1878 году получил образование в Нижегородском кадетском корпусе и вступил в службу. В 1880 году, после окончания Константиновского артиллерийского училища, был произведён в прапорщики и определён в Динабургскую крепостную артиллерию. В 1882 году произведён в подпоручики, в 1885 году в поручики, в 1892 году в штабс-капитаны, в 1897 году в капитаны.

С 1887 года ротный командир Ковенской крепостной артиллерией. С 1900 года старший адъютант управления начальника артиллерии 16-го армейского корпуса. В 1904 году произведён в подполковники, командир 4-й батареи 36-й артиллерийской бригады, командир 5-й батареи 41-й артиллерийской бригады. С 1904 года участник русско-японской войны, «за храбрость» в этой компании был награждён орденами Святого Владимира 4-й степени с мечами и бантом и Святой Анны 2-й степени с мечами.

В 1913 году произведён в полковники с назначением командиром 2-го дивизиона 25-й артиллерийской бригады и командиром 1-го дивизиона 15-й артиллерийской бригады, с 1914 года участник Первой мировой войны в составе этой бригады. 24 февраля 1915 года «за храбрость» был награждён Георгиевским оружием:

С 1916 года командующий 15-й артиллерийской бригады. 30 октября 1916 года «за храбрость» был награждён орденом Святого Георгия 4-й степени. 2 октября 1917 года произведён в генерал-майоры, состоял в резерве чинов при штабе Одесского военного округа.

После октября 1917 года участник Гражданской войны в составе Вооружённых сил Юга России. С 1919 года состоял в резерве чинов при штабе войск Юго-Западной области, с 1920 года при штабе войск Новороссийской области.

Награды

 Орден Святого Станислава 3-й степени (1888)
 Орден Святой Анны 3-й степени (1896)
 Орден Святого Станислава 2-й степени (1901; Мечи к ордену — ВП 12.08.1915)
 Орден Святого Владимира 4-й степени с мечами и бантом (1905)
 Орден Святой Анны 2-й степени с мечами (ВП 07.05.1906)
 Орден Святого Владимира 3-й степени с мечами (ВП 19.11.1914)
 Георгиевское оружие (ВП 24.02.1915)
 Орден Святого Георгия 4-й степени (ВП 30.10.1916)

Примечания

Литература

  по военному ведомству//Разведчик № 1256, 25.11.1914
  по военному ведомству//Разведчик № 1274, 08.04.1915

Ссылки

Генерал-майоры (Российская империя)
Выпускники Нижегородского кадетского корпуса
Выпускники Константиновского военного училища
Участники Русско-японской войны (Россия)
Военачальники Первой мировой войны
Персоналии:Добровольческая армия
Артиллеристы Российской империи


text:
Anne Moskowitz, PhD, OD
Research Associate in Ophthalmology
Instructor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School
Print Profile anne.moskowitz@childrens.harvard.edu
Education. Dr. Moskowitz earned a PhD in experimental psychology from Northeastern University and completed postdoctoral fellowships in the Infant Vision Laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in the Electrophysiology Laboratory at Pennsylvania College of Optometry. She also earned a doctor of optometry (OD) from the New England College of Optometry accelerated program.
Research. Her research, performed in conjunction with Drs. Anne Fulton and Ronald Hansen in the Boston Children's Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, involves the investigation of retinal and cortical visual function and retinal structure in infants and children with various eye and brain anomalies as well as in those with normal visual development. Of primary interest are the effects of premature birth; secondary interests are retinal degenerations and dystrophies, albinism, and cerebral visual impairment.
Teaching. As a part-time Associate Professor in the Vision Science Department at the New England College of Optometry, Dr. Moskowitz lectures and conducts hands-on laboratory sessions in graduate level courses in theory and methods of vision testing, light measurement, and binocular vision and ocular anomalies. Topics include visual psychophysics, signal detection theory, color vision testing, and eye movement recording.
Clinical Contributions. In the BCH Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Moskowitz conducts VEP recording in patients with such conditions as cerebral visual impairment, albinism, and craniosynostosis.
Researcher Labs
Infant Vision Laboratory


text:
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A Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (FCA), she leads the audit and accountancy side of our practice.
She began her career with a five-partner firm in Chester before relocating to the South East in 1995 and subsequently joining Grant Thornton, from where she joined Vista Audit's sister firm Vista Partners as a partner in 2003. She is now a director at the firm.
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Congratulations on earning your degree at MCC! After completing their degree at Mohave Community College, many of our Veteran Students continue on to earn their Bachelor's and Master's degrees at universities. Mohave Community College has transfer agreements with universities like Northern Arizona University, Arizona State University, University of Arizona, and many more. Often local students wish to receive Bachelor's degrees without moving out of the area and choose to take classes "on ground" with MCC while completing university courses online. Contact us if you are interested in more information.


text:
Standalone library for fts functions.

From `man 3 fts`: The fts functions are provided for traversing file
hierarchies.  A simple overview is that the fts_open() function returns
a "handle" on a file hierarchy, which is then supplied to the other fts
functions.  The function fts_read() returns a pointer to a structure
describing one of the files in the file hierarchy.  The function
fts_children() returns a pointer to a linked list of structures,  each
of which describes one of the files contained in a directory in the
hierarchy.  fts conforms to 4.4BSD.

fts is usually provided by the system's libc, as glibc and uClibc do.
However, musl does not and hence the need for a standalone version.
This code was adopted from OpenBSD 5.7 and modified slightly to build
in Linux.

Maintainer: Anthony G. Basile <blueness@gentoo.org>

## Build Status
[![Status](https://travis-ci.org/blueness/fts-standalone.png)](https://travis-ci.org/blueness/fts-standalone)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


18k gold custom made solitaire ring consisting of radiant shape, natural diamond, weighing 4.02 carats, having a I color and SI1 clarity, according to GIA grading scale. The center stone measuring 9.8mm x 7.95mm x 6.21mm and carries a GIA grading report, No.: 14823013. All surrounding diamonds are genuine with a total carat weight (cttw) of 0.60 carats.


text:
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text:
Q: Storing a list of used tokens in App Engine servlet - java I have a little GAE application, a backend for my Android app.
I have a servlet in the app that pulls data from the datastore and send it to the user.
I don't want anyone to be able to use this servlet, so I store a private key in the app, and for every request I'm sending a token - a hash string of the private key and the current milliseconds, and the milliseconds I've used in the hash.
The server is taking the milliseconds and the private key, and comparing it with the token. If it went well, the server is storing the milliseconds in a HashSet so it will know not to use it again. (Someone can sniff the device data - and send the same milliseconds and token over and over again).
At first, I held a static field in the Servlet class, which was later discovered as mistake, because this field is not persisted, and all the data is getting lost when the instance get destroyed.
I've read about Memcache, but it's not an optimal solution because from what I understand, the data in the Memcache can get erased if the app is low on memory, or even if there are server failures.
I don't want to use datastore because it will really make the requests much slower.
I guess I'm not the first who is facing the problem.
How can I solve it?

A: I used a reverse approach in one of my apps:
Whenever a new client connects, I generate a set of three random "challenges" on the server (like your milliseconds), which I store in memcache with an expiration time of a minute or so. Then I send these challenges to the client. For each request that the client makes, it needs to use one of these 3 challenges (hashed with aprivate key). The server then deletes the used challenge, creates a new one and sends it to the client. That way, each challenge is single-use and I won't have to worry about replay-attacks.
A couple of notes on this approach:

*

*The reason I generate 3 challenges is to allow for multiple requests in flight in parallel.

*The longer you make the challenge, the less likely it will be that it will be randomly reused (allowing for a playback attack then).

*If memcache forgets the challenges I stored, the app's request will fail. In the failure, response I include a "forget all other challenges and use these 3 new ones: ..." command.

*You can tie the challenges to the client's IP address or some other sort of session info to make it even less likely that someone can "hack" you.

*In general, it's probably always best to have the server generate the challenge or salt for an authentication than giving that flexibility to the client.

Another approach you could use if you would like to stick with using a timestamp is to use the first request interchange to determine the time offset between your server instance and your client device. Then, only accept requests with a "current" timestamp. For this, you would need to determine the uncertainty with which you can get the time offset and use that as a cutoff for a timestamp not to be current. To prevent replay-attacks within that cutoff period, you might need to save and disallow the last couple of timestamps used. This, you can probably do inside your instance since AppEngine, AFAIK, routes requests from the same client preferentially to the same instance. Then, if it takes longer to shut down an instance and restart one (i.e. to clear your disallow cache) than your "current"-cutoff is, you shouldn't have too many issues with replay-attacks.


One of the most effective ways to earn passive income is by owning rental properties. Whether you invest in commercial real estate or residential real estate, there is a lot of money to be made by providing people with places to rent.
Unfortunately, the job of being a landlord is anything but glamorous. When you have tenants, you have to deal with everything from collecting rent to making repairs. In fact, people are often surprised to discover that their so-called passive income is anything but passive after they invest in their first property.
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Blue Jays 3, White Sox 2: Alex Rios drove in the go-ahead run on eighth-inning triple, which barely eluded the glove of a diving Scott Podsednik, giving the Blue Jays a four-game sweep.
Rays 13, Athletics 4: Jason Bartlett (five RBIs) had a two-run single in a six-run first inning as the Rays climbed to .500 for first time since April 14.
Yankees 7, Twins 6: Mark Teixeira homered from both sides of the plate, including going back-to-back with Alex Rodriguez in a six-run first inning. Teixeira finished with four RBIs.
Angels at Mariners, late: Los Angeles started John Lackey just two days his two-pitch outing against Texas. He was ejected after plunking Ian Kinsler.
Rockies 5, Braves 1: Jason Marquis scattered five hits and allowed one run in eight innings to end a two-start losing streak for the Rockies, who scored three runs in the ninth to pull away.
Pirates 12, Nationals 7: Craig Monroe hit a three-run homer and Jack Wilson went 4-for-4 and scored three runs as the Pirates began a 10-game trip.
Brewers at Cardinals, late: Milwaukee catcher Jason Kendall singled in the second inning against the Cardinals for his 2,000th hit.
Mets at Dodgers, late: Los Angeles' Randy Wolf sought his second straight win after striking out over six innings in his last start against Philadelphia.
Diamondbacks at Marlins, ppd.: The game was postponed after a delay of 1 hour, 36 minutes. It will be made up as part of a doubleheader on Wednesday.


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text:
Laureen Rebeha Zouaï (; born on March 5, 1995), better known as Lolo Zouaï, is a French-born American R&B and pop musician. Born to a French mother and an Algerian father in Paris, France, Zouaï moved to San Francisco, California when she was three months old. She graduated from Lowell High school in 2013. She released her debut album, High Highs to Low Lows, in 2019. The album was given a 7.5 out of 10 rating by Pitchfork. Zouaï was featured as "one to watch" by The Guardian in April 2019. She co-wrote "Still Down" from H.E.R.'s self-titled album, which won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album.

After completing the opening slot on the North American leg of Dua Lipa's Future Nostalgia Tour, Lolo released her sophomore album PLAYGIRL in October 2022. She announced The PLAYGIRL World Tour slated for 2023. In November 2022, Zouaï was included in the Forbes 30 under 30 2023 list for musicians. In an interview at the 2023 Billboard Women In Music, Lolo revealed that her contract with RCA Records has ended and she is currently an independent artist under her own record label, Keep it on the Lolo and Because Music.

Discography

Albums
 High Highs to Low Lows (2019)
 PLAYGIRL (2022)

EPs
 Ocean Beach (2019)
 Beautiful Lies (2020)

Singles
 "So Real" (2016)
 "IDR" (2016)
 "High Highs to Low Lows" (2017)
 "Blue" (2018)
 "Brooklyn Love" (2018)
 "Desert Rose" (2018)
 "For the Crowd" (2018)
 "Challenge" (2018)
 "Ride" (2019)
 "Moi" (2019)
 "It's My Fault" (2020)
 "Alone with You" (2020)
 "Beautiful Lies (Cold)" (2020)
 "Galipette" (2021)
 "Scooter" (2021)
 "Give Me a Kiss" (2022)
 "Blur" (2022)
 "pl4yg1rl" (2022)
 "Crazy Sexy Dream Girl" (2022)

Tours
Headlining

 Lolo Zouaï Live in Concert (2018)
 High Highs to Low Lows Tour (2019)
 The PLAYGIRL World Tour (2023)

Supporting

 Alina Baraz – Alina Baraz: The Tour (2018)
 Dua Lipa – Future Nostalgia Tour (2022)
The Marias – The Marias: Cinema (2022)

References

1995 births
American contemporary R&B singers
French people of Algerian descent
American people of Algerian descent
Living people
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
Singers from Paris
Singers from San Francisco
French emigrants to the United States
American people of French descent