text:
is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a forward or a winger for Gamba Osaka.

Career statistics

Club
.

Notes

References

External links

2001 births
Living people
People from Izumi, Osaka
Association football people from Osaka Prefecture
Japanese footballers
Japan youth international footballers
Association football forwards
J1 League players
J3 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Gamba Osaka U-23 players


Lisa has a diverse tableware collection. Having worked as a professional cook herself, the fine craftmanship and attention to detail is fully realized. Her ceramic work is one more thoughtful ingredient in the presentation and enjoyment of the meal.
The plates shown here may have sold, but please inquire as to what is currently availble. New designs are always in process!
Lisa works in both porcelain and stoneware clays, which are very durable. All items are lead free and food safe, and everything can go in the dishwasher. Lisa has made sets for chefs, restaurants, inns, and private clients. She has collaborated with couples on bridal registries and her work has been published in several home decor and cookbooks. Each piece is one of a kind, hand made by Lisa herself in her Vineyard studio.
Another example of Lisa's diverse tableware collection. These plates were featured in Chef Deon's Island Conch Cookbook with photographs by Randi Baird.
The rich verdigris color is set off in contrast by the dark stoneware. The glaze pattern on each plate is unique.
Chef Aaron Lowe of Martha's Vineyard created this dish of sauteed scallops plated with a puree of roasted honeynut squash and nasturtiums he grew in his garden. In his commissioned set of 24 plates, each one is different. The hand printed linen napkin is by another local favorite, Noepe Designs.
Lisa Strachan's porcelain and stoneware pieces are hand built to order. Each creation is unique. The photograph is representational of the final piece, but as they are hand made, there will be slight variations. Please contact Lisa for expected turn around time.


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text:
Le Chihuahua de Beverly Hills 2 (Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2), est un film américain pour enfants à partir de 6 ans. Réalisé par Alex Zamm, et mettant en scène George Lopez, Odette Yustman et Zachary Gordon, le film se concentre sur Papi et Chloé, maintenant marié, en compagnie de leurs 5 chiots. Le film a été distribué par Walt Disney Home Entertainment à partir du  aux États-Unis en DVD et Blu-Ray, et en France à partir du . C'est la suite de Le Chihuahua de Beverly Hills.

Synopsis
Venant juste de se marier, Papi et Chloé tentent de faire face aux bêtises de leurs cinq chiots, Papi Junior, Lila, Rosa, Ali et Pep, tous plus espiègles et turbulents les uns que les autres. Après leurs aventures au Mexique, les chiens vont devoir affronter un nouveau défi : sauver leurs maîtres qui risquent de perdre leur maison ! La solution qu'ils ont trouvée pour donner un coup de patte au budget familial, c'est de participer à un défilé de mode pour en gagner le ...

Fiche technique

Distribution

Voix des animaux
 George Lopez (VQ : Sylvain Hétu) : Papi
 Odette Yustman (VF : Marie Giraudon ; VQ : Aline Pinsonneault) : Chloé
 Zachary Gordon (VQ : Vassili Schneider) : Papi Junior
 Emily Osment (VQ : Gabrielle Thouin) : Pep
 Madison Pettis (VQ : Catherine Préfontaine) : Lila
 Chantilly Spalan : Rosa
 Delaney Jones (VF : Clara Quilichini) : Ali
 Jon Huertas (VQ : Nicolas Charbonneaux-Collombet) : Alberto
 Ernie Hudson (VQ : Yves Corbeil) : Pedro
 Miguel Ferrer (VF : Guillaume Orsat) : Delgado
 Phill Lewis (VF : Laurent Morteau) :
 Bridgit Mendler (VQ : Isabelle Leyrolles) : Marie Appoline Bouvier
 Loretta Devine (VQ : Viviane Pacal) : Delta

Les humains
 Marcus Coloma (VF : Emmanuel Garijo ; VQ : Patrice Dubois) : Sam Cortez
 Erin Cahill (VF : Laura Blanc ; VQ : Julie Burroughs) : Rachel Ashe
 Susan Blakely (VF : Véronique Augereau ; VQ : Madeleine Arsenault) : tante Vivian
 Elaine Hendrix (VQ : Élise Bertrand) : Colleen Mansfield
 Lupe Ontiveros : Mrs. Cortez
 Castulo Guerra : Fernando Cortez
 Morgan Fairchild (VQ : Nathalie Coupal) : commentatrice

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

  Site officiel

Film américain sorti en 2011
Film d'aventure américain
Comédie américaine
Film de Walt Disney Pictures
Film se déroulant à Beverly Hills
Film mettant en scène un chien
Suite de film américain
Film Disney sorti directement en vidéo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ayn Rand is everywhere and her political opponents are growing nervous.
On this shift in the political landscape, Paul Krugman comments in "A Tale of Two Moralities" that gone are the days when policy disputes were about pragmatic differences in accomplishing the same goal. Today we see a difference in moral principle: one side considers the modern welfare state morally superior to capitalism and the other side considers capitalism morally superior to the welfare state.
What Krugman doesn't say, however, is that to the extent there actually is a side today that thinks capitalism is morally superior to the welfare state, it's thanks to "Atlas Shrugged," "Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal" and Rand's other works.
But whether Krugman knows this or not, many other people do. What worries advocates of the welfare state is that they have never before faced any moral opposition.
Whatever the rhetoric of Republicans and Democrats in the past, they agreed on the basic goal: more and more government controls are necessary to rein in businessmen, "manage" the economy, and minister to those in need.
But now its advocates sense that this is no longer true, that some Americans are beginning to question the moral legitimacy of the welfare state. To strangle this questioning in the crib, supporters of government controls are trying to persuade their opponents to abandon Rand.
The current tactic is to tell Tea Partiers and "conservatives" that if you take religion seriously, you can't be a fan of the atheist Ayn Rand. The American Values Network (AVN) has produced a short video containing snippets of Rand's rejection of religion, which they hope to e-mail to more than a million people in Ryan's home state of Wisconsin, asking citizens how they can support both Jesus and Rand.
Leaving aside AVN's distressing attempt to blur the separation of church and state by basing politics on faith, this much is true. Rand's moral teachings are fundamentally different from Jesus' teachings.
In terms of virtues, Rand's is a moral code that upholds rationality not emotionalism or faith; intellectual independence not authority or obedience; earned pride not humility or the belief in man's inherent sinfulness.
In Rand's argument, morality is not about subordination or service to others or to some "higher power"; it is not about self-sacrifice. Hers is a morality that upholds egoism and individualism: it seeks to teach you the difficult task of pursuing the values that achieve your own individual self-interest and happiness.
Only an explicit or implicit individualist and egoist, Rand held, will understand and demand the rights listed in the Declaration of Independence: his inalienable rights to his own life, his own liberty, and the pursuit of his own happiness. He will demand his political freedom and reject all government controls designed to restrict his liberty and make him sacrifice for the "public interest." He will oppose the welfare state.
Given her positive teachings, Rand must reject what is usually taken to be the core of Jesus' moral teachings, the Sermon on the Mount. But before you dismiss this as unthinkable, ask yourself the following question. Did Jefferson and the other Founding Fathers not reject the Sermon's advice in creating America?
Today we face similarly stark choices. If we are to reject the welfare state as immoral and thereby restore the American dream of individualism, don't we need a rational morality that challenges the centuries-old creed of self-sacrifice and instead argues for the individual's moral right to his own life and happiness?
In other words, don't we need Ayn Rand?


Renato Nazzini focuses on antitrust, regulated sectors, state aid, and European Union law, in particular cartels, abuses of a dominant position, vertical agreements, mergers, litigation, arbitration and ADR. Renato is regularly appointed as arbitrator and advises and represents clients in complex commercial disputes both in arbitration and court proceedings. He is a non-governmental adviser (NGA) to the International Competition Network (ICN).
Renato's experience covers various sectors including telecommunications, energy, transport, pharmaceuticals, financial services, manufacturing, IT and digital markets, heavy industries, gaming, consumer goods and retailing. He advised major telecommunications operators on antitrust and regulatory issues relating to network access, broadband internet and licensing, an Italian leading content service provider in relation to telecommunications and consumer protection issues, and digital platforms in relation to antitrust and data protection issues. He advised major Italian and foreign clients on cartel investigations (including one of the first leniency cases in Italy), abuses of dominance, access to infrastructure in the telecoms sector and functional separation and unbundling in the energy sector. In addition, Renato has a busy merger control practice where he regularly provides strategic advice on global deals as well as acting for clients in filings in before the European Commission, in Italy, and in the United Kingdom.
Prior to joining LMS, Renato was Deputy Director of Legal and Policy at the UK Competition Authority where he also worked with a number of European and international institutions including the European Commission, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and led on major areas of enforcement and policy, including financial services, damages actions and litigation in competition law, and the review of the policy on abuse of dominance under Article 102 TFEU.
Renato is Professor of Law at King's College, London. He published more than 60 articles and book chapters on competition law and international commercial arbitration as well as a number of books including Competition Enforcement and Procedure (Oxford, OUP 2016), The Foundations of European Union Competition Law: The Objective and Principles of Article 102 (Oxford, OUP 2011) and Concurrent Proceedings in Competition Law: Procedure, Evidence and Remedies (Oxford, OUP 2004).


text:
Read Next Only 4 Out of 197 House Republicans Voted to Condemn Trump's Racist Tweets	Send Us a Tip	Subscribe
November 21, 2013 5:10PM ET
Beck's Long Road to 'Morning Phase'
David Fricke
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Gina Ribisi
The flashbacks come at high speed as soon as Beck hits the stage in an airplane-hangar-like hall at Technopolis, a science-and-amusement park in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is mid-November, the final date of a short South American tour, and Beck – in a red sport jacket and black wide-rimmed fedora – opens with a blaze of hits nearly 20 years old including "Devils Haircut," "Novacane" and "Hotwax," all from 1996's Odelay, and his '93 hip-hop-blues breakthrough "Loser." The band is all old sidekicks – guitarist Smokey Hormel, bassist Justin Meldal-Johnsen, keyboard player Roger Joseph Manning Jr. and drummer Joey Waronker – and the effect is full-throttle garage-funk mettle. When Beck opens "Loser" with an unaccompanied free-style guitar solo, he sounds like Jimmy Page phoning in from Led Zeppelin's "Dazed and Confused."
But the best-of fireworks are just as striking for what they are not: anything like Beck's new record, Morning Phase, to be released in February by Capitol. That album, his first in five years, is "California music," as Beck says before the show, sitting in the garden of his Buenos Aires hotel. When he makes any album, he explains, "I'm just fumbling around with chords and a mood. Hopefully something emerges." This time, he goes on, "the songs are coming out of a California tradition. I'm hearing the Byrds, Crosby Stills and Nash, Gram Parsons, Neil Young – the bigger idea of what that sound is to me."
See Where Beck's 'Sea Change' Ranks on Our 100 Greatest Albums of the 2000s
Dawn's Early Light
That is an apt description of Beck's trip through the gently psychedelic suspense and warming cosmic-cowboy reflection on Morning Phase. There are combined echoes of mid-Sixties Scott Walker and Love's Forever Changes in the slow bloom of the opening hymn "Wave." "Blackbird Chain," with its milky jangle and dewy strings, and the plaintive "Unforgiven" evoke 1968's Notorious Byrd Brothers and the floating introspection of David Crosby's 1971 classic, If I Could Only Remember My Name.
There are similarities in texture, velocity and personnel to Beck's quiet 2003 masterpiece, Sea Change. Beck, who produced Morning Phase, made it with the band from the former record – the same guys on stage with him in Buenos Aires – while his father, Sea Change orchestrator David Campbell, returned to help with brass and string arrangements. But Beck is loathe to use the word "sequel" to characterize Morning Phase. "It was going back to the same place," he says, "and seeing where we're all at, like those Seven Up! movies, where they go back and see those people every seven years."
There is a fresh, expansive complexity to the grace and details on Morning Phase: the Caribbean-flavored power pop of "Blue Moon"; the strutting banjo that recalls Beck's teenage blues-hobo years in "Say Goodbye"; the Leslie-guitar crescendo at the end of "Waking Light," summoning the spirit of George Harrison's soloing in the Beatles' "Let It Be." Morning Phase also has a specific, thematic weight. All 12 songs are set in dawn's early light, those hours of awakening and reckoning at the start of each day when a relationship can founder, end or begin anew.
"It's not heavy-handed, but it's in there," Beck says of the concept. "There's this feeling of tumult and uncertainty, getting through that long, dark night of the soul – whatever you want to call it," he adds, cracking a laugh. "These songs were about coming out of that – how things do get better."
The Long Road to "Morning Phase"
Beck recorded the basic tracks for most of Morning Phase quickly, in Los Angeles at the start of this year – in three days of tracking with those musicians – before spending almost half a year on his own, "figuring it all out," he says, "how to make all of the parts work."
The roots of Morning Phase, however, go back almost a decade. In 2005, Beck went to Nashville to make an album. He didn't finish it. "I recorded a bunch of things real quick. Then I thought, 'I need to come back and try this again." He did. Two years ago, he returned to Nashville, cutting a one-off single for Jack White's Third Man label and several other songs for a prospective LP. "At the end of it, it wasn't quite there," Beck confesses. "But I ended up keeping a few songs." "Waking Light," "Blackbird Chain" and the Dylan-esque goodbye song "Country Down" all made it to Morning Phase.
That record is the second new album Beck has completed since 2008's Modern Guilt – along with a full stream of production jobs (Thurston Moore, Charlotte Gainsbourg); his online Record Club series of re-recordings, with assorted friends, of classic LPs by Leonard Cohen, the Velvet Underground and Skip Spence; and the 2012 launch of Song Reader, a book-form anthology of new compositions for others to interpret. Beck started another solo project, closer to the clutter and swerve of Odelay, at the turn of 2009. He completed it, then shelved it. That record, never officially titled, has been the source for his recent series of privately issued 12-inch singles, including "Gimme" and "I Won't Be Long." Beck hopes to ultimately issue the entire album in that form.
"I didn't have a label anymore," he points out. "I wasn't sure if I was going to put out a record – or if I should put out a record. It felt like I was standing still, while everything else was in such flux." Even with all of that work, "I didn't really know where everything was landing."
Beck was also recovering from a long period of severe, physical pain. Shortly before making Modern Guilt, Beck suffered a back injury that caused "spinal damage," as he puts it. "I was in bad shape. There were a number of years where I couldn't pick up my guitar.
"Making that record," he says of Modern Guilt, "was like doing it with both hands tied behind your back. It hurt to sing. I'm whispering through half of those vocals." Beck has returned to former strength as his James Brown swivelled-toe dance moves on stage in Buenos Aires confirm. "Some of the songs on the new record – I get to shout and yell. I'm like, 'Thank you!' I had a lot of ideas and things I'd been wanting to do. This last year and a half, I feel like I can really do them."
The Next Phase
Beck is already halfway through a followup album to Morning Phase that he hopes to release later next year. It is not, as rumored, a solo acoustic record.
"It's still in flux," he says. "I'm thinking about the live show, a certain energy. That's a whole other kind of writing – and difficult to do. You're writing for a studio environment that is the antithesis of where the song is going to live."
Beck is also looking forward to playing the Morning Phase songs in concert next year – hopefully, he notes, "with the guys again. We've been doing this tour and done a few one-offs this summer. But everybody's getting busy. Joey's playing with Thom Yorke now [in Atoms for Peace] and Justin is producing a ton of albums. This might be it for some time."
But, Beck says, "playing with them has been one of the best things in making music over the last few decades. It's an amazing band, and I don't take it for granted." That night at Technopolis, before finishing the show with "Where It's At," Beck takes a moment to publically and profusely thank his musicians and shake each one's hand.
"There are few bands like it," Beck says gratefully that afternoon, before heading to the venue. "It's such a special thing, where everything is adding up to something bigger."
In This Article: Beck,	Morning Phase

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You remember that time when Jesus was asked what was the great commandment in the Law?
So there it is. Love God, love your neighbor. If you browse through various evangelical churches online, you'll find these two commands echoed, over and over, as themes and purpose and mission. Love God, love people.
You'll hear sermons on how we need to love God more, and love people more. Ten ways to increase your love of God, three practical steps to love people.
Yet if you're honest with the context, Jesus is very specific in what he is laying out: law. Law, in the sense that you are not affirmed by it. It isn't what you accomplish. The Bible clearly says that no human being anywhere will be accounted good in the sight of God by doing law. Law doesn't give you something to accomplish. It stops you. Law exists to show sin.
So how in the world has this become the mission statement for churches? "We are on mission to accomplish the law?" What?
Confusion, that's what we're fighting. And the confusion is over what our mission really is. Our mission is not to accomplish the law, and we are not enabled to do so. We affirm it's truth, we affirm our Savior's commands as right and true. But they don't strengthen us, these statements of law. They reveal our weakness.
And this is the way of the cross. This is the way of salvation. To hear the law, and die. And to see our savior, and live. When Jesus gives a new command, to love as he has loved, we see yet again that we cannot love as he loved. And we marvel that he does love in spite of our undeservedness. We are left with trusting that he has loved us totally and completely, shown on the cross, continuing to this day.
We hear the good news that he has done everything we need, that the work is finished, that we are secure. And we believe it. That's faith. We grab hold of the word of God's love even though we see our ugliness. Gratitude and wonder and amazement, they are ours. Not because we have done anything, but because we haven't. We've received the gift.
The law is beautiful and good. And it always condemns. And to the heart that is broken, there is another word. The word of the gospel. We receive the body broken and the blood spilled. We hear the news from a distant land. We who ought but don't, receive a love undeserved, more than we could imagine.
So please don't make the church's mission to fulfill the law. Except as an exposure that we don't. We are more broken than we know, and the law helps us know more. And we are more loved than we can comprehend, which is what we always need to hear. Thank you Jesus.


A stunning one-off Hepatica from seed with pretty pale pink flowers. Flowers early Spring. Best in well-drained compost containing humus. Provide shade after flowering to prevent leaf scorch, especially if grown under glass or polythene. 10-15cm tall. Good in container and also fine grown outdoors.


text:
Introduction and HistoryProfileStructure
All membersHow to become a memberMembership rulesMember CompaniesSurvey for Company BusinessAssociate membersHonorary MembersOfficersGraduatesSupporters
OverviewUpcomingMeeting DocumentsPhotogalleries
GSChannel
OverviewTestimonialsCourse DocumentsPhotogalleries
AllPorts & Terminal OperatorsShipping CompaniesMembersLabour, Safety & SecurityIntermodal & LogisticsIT & InnovationEnvironmentPolicyOther
Introduction and History
It started with two men and a vison on how to embrace the future of the stevedoring industry
Meet Owen and Henk
During the 1960's, Captain Owen O. Thomas, of Furness Withy, London and Henk van Walt Meijer, of Furness N.V., a Rotterdam based Agent and Stevedore, had a close working relationship. The two men had much in common, starting with a visionary insight on the changes occurring in cargo handling and the consequences of containerisation for the stevedoring industry.
They decided to set up a body wherein stevedores from all over the world could meet and, whilst they had no commercial or financial links, talk to each other about business related matters of mutual interest.
First General Meeting was in 1970
And thus the General Stevedoring Council, GSC was founded at that first meeting in New York on February 3rd, 1970.The first Annual General Meeting was held in Rotterdam in 1971. At this meeting, the official name – General Stevedoring Council – was adopted together with the Articles of Association. The Council was and still is incorporated under Dutch Law and Royal Charter.
GSC's membership is spread all over the maritime globe. With companies active on all continents it is an ideal cross cultural networking and benchmarking platform for industry experts. Member companies are represented by their executive level.
The founder members recognized
that the members who possessed the vision
to embrace the future would be the leaders in our industry tomorrow,
and the Council will continue to actively promote the spirit of its founders.
Today the Council has two prime roles
First to act as a forum for its members to exchange information, knowledge and contacts within the stevedoring and port operations industry. Since the Council acts as a catalyst, the strength of the Council is the product of what the individual Members contribute and how much use they make of the potential network of contacts. In addition to direct contact the GSC offers its members regular annual networking and benchmarking events.
Second, the Council promotes the involvement of, and training for, the next generation of leaders of the member companies through the holding of its' own hands-on Management Courses.
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text:
Delta-Projekt (проект «Дельта») — контракт на поставку в СССР более  тяжёлых строительных автомобилей на сумму около 1,1 млрд немецких марок, заключённый в 1974 году между западногерманской автомобилестроительной фирмой Magirus-Deutz и советской внешнеторговой организацией «Автоэкспорт».

Предпосылки
К середине 1970-х годов Советскому Союзу, ведущему прокладку Байкало-Амурской железнодорожной магистрали, для успешного выполнения строительства, требовалось значительное расширение грузового автомобильного парка. Для этих целей было решено закупить необходимое количество грузовиков за границей. Основное требование, предъявляемое к техническим характеристикам машин, — дизельный двигатель, способный выдерживать нагрузки при температуре окружающего воздуха от  до .

Magirus-Deutz

Выбор пал на западногерманскую автомобилестроительную фирму Magirus-Deutz (являвшуюся в то время дочерней фирмой концерна Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG (KHD)), имевшую свободные мощности, почти 60-летний успешный опыт производства грузовых транспортных средств и модели автомобилей, подходящих под условия контракта. Тяжёлые грузовики составляли 60 % от общего производства фирмы, дизельные двигатели воздушного охлаждения, разработанные конструкторами KHD, могли работать при температуре воздуха до −57 °C. Эти обстоятельства и явились решающим фактором, благодаря которому фирма из Ульма смогла выиграть у японских и других европейских конкурирующих фирм, также желавших получить заказ на поставку грузовиков в СССР, но производившие автомобили с моторами водяного охлаждения, которые были менее пригодны для работы в Сибири в суровых зимних условиях. Конкуренцию Магирусам могли составить грузовики чехословацкого завода Татра (производившего дизельные двигатели воздушного охлаждения собственной разработки) или югославского ТАМ (производившего двигатели по лицензии Deutz), но эти предприятия не обладали достаточными производственными мощностями, чтобы произвести требуемое по контракту количество автомобилей. Дизельные моторы KHD с воздушным охлаждением, разработанные ещё в 1936 году заводом Deutz (называвшимся тогда Humboldt-Deutzmotoren AG), были доработаны по специальному заказу вермахта так, чтобы они смогли работать при сильных морозах. Немцы планировали использовать их в тяжёлых климатических условиях в боевых действиях против Советского Союза во время Второй мировой войны. Такие моторы устанавливались на военные автомобили, в первую очередь на тягачи RSO.

Контракт
Контракт на поставку автомобилей был подписан представителями Magirus-Deutz и «Автоэкспорт» в Москве 2 октября 1974 года. Западногерманская фирма была обязана в 1975—1976 годах поставить в СССР около 9 500 тяжёлых самосвалов и бортовых грузовиков, около 1000 тягачей, погрузчиков и другой строительной техники на шасси Магирусов. В этом же контракте предусматривалась поставка запасных частей и оборудования, необходимых для обслуживания и ремонта автомобилей. Сумма торговой сделки составила около 1,1 млрд немецких марок.
Основную часть заказа составили автомобили двух вариантов: 14-тонные Magirus 290 D 26 K/L (6х4, 290 л. с.) и 10-тонные Magirus 232 D 19 K/L (4х2, 232 л. с.). Для своевременного выполнения заказа на предприятия Magirus-Deutz дополнительно было принято до 800 работников. Оборудование на шасси Magirus (самосвальные кузова, транспортировщики бетона, ёмкости для жидкостей, лесовозные прицепы, автомастерские) производили также германские фирмы: Kässbohrer, Klas, Kögel, Meiller-Kipper и другие. 19 ноября 1976 года в СССР был отправлен последний грузовик проекта «Дельта».

Позднее в 1981—1982 годах в дополнение к контракту были заказаны запчасти на сумму ещё около 200 млн марок.

Эксплуатация
Часть автомобилей, предназначенных для строительства БАМа (примерно третья часть заказа), была перераспределена в другие северные районы СССР, в основном в места разработки нефтяных и газовых месторождений Сибири, какая-то часть Магирусов эксплуатировалась также в северных районах Казахской ССР. Магирусы использовались также за Полярным кругом — на рудниках Хибин (Кольский полуостров).

Примечания

Ссылки
 Энциклопедия грузовых автомобилей
 Внедорожные транспортные средства

Литература
 Dieter Augustin. IVECO Magirus — Alle Lastwagen aus dem Ulmer Werk seit 1917. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3613026007 (история, модели грузовиков).
 Bernd Regenberg, Paul-Ernst Strähle. Das Lastwagen-Album MAGIRUS. Podszun-Verlag, Brilon 2005, ISBN 3861333880 (история, модели грузовиков и пожарных машин)

Magirus-Deutz
Российско-германские отношения
1974 год в экономике


text:
Current (https://current.org/about-public-media/why-public-media/)
Public Media's Mission
Essays and admonitions on purposes and practices
What's this "public media" about, anyway? It's worth asking once in a while, when considering its mission: what the public needs and what public media are best equipped to do. From inside the field and outside, here are pertinent commentaries, many first published in Current, about the field's missions and realities.
These are some of the many viewers and listeners who said what they think "public broadcasting is." They responded in 2011 to a request from 170millionamericans.org, a website set up to defend the field against cutbacks in public aid.
The challenge for public radio: Letting go of our expected future
Pubradio must hold on to enduring values while throwing open the door to diverse producers and audiences and the media platforms they use, writes CPB radio chief Bruce Theriault.
Next-gen believers in public media want it on next-gen platforms
As he leaves the broadcast side of public media, tech advocate Joaquin Alvarado warns that the millenial generation "will build their own parallel universe separate from the public broadcasting universe" if pubcasting doesn't adopt a more interactive architecture.
If we can imagine it, why can't we do it?
Jay Allison gives the benediction at the conference of pubradio programmers In an earlier essay, Allison reports suggestions of 30 pubradio people when he asked them what they'd do if they could start a pair of brand-new public radio stations, as he did at Cape Cod, Mass.
Commit to journalism
Pubradio stations are so deep into local news, you'd think they'd plant the news flag
A longtime news director, Michael Marcotte, asks pubradio managers to recognize their news-format stations as institutions of journalism and to evaluate their performance by its standards.
What distinguishes public radio news
It starts with an unapologetic seriousness of purpose, wrote Bill Buzenberg, when he was news chief at NPR. It's not afraid to spend the time so that listeners can understand.
Public affairs: What the invisible hand of the news market leaves all too invisible
Duke University political scientist James T. Hamilton explains why commercial media are unlikely to put adequate resources into the serious public-affairs news coverage that a democracy requires.
If you work in public broadcasting, get used to the heat — it's "kitchen work"
Public scrutiny and conflict are inevitable and appropriate, says Jim Lehrer in a 2005 speech.
'Public trust is the rating that matters most to PBS'
In a May 2005 speech, in the midst of public TV's conflict with CPB Chairman Ken Tomlinson, PBS President Pat Mitchell said the public continues to depend on public TV's independence from political influence as well as commercial motivation.
Making programs for citizens, not consumers
As a venture capitalist, longtime station leader Marshall Turner knows what the marketplace is good at achieving, but public TV, driven differently, can give the public a shared basis for democratic decision-making.
To empower active citizens with knowledge, locally as well as nationally
"Public radio is a true catalyst," writes Bill Kling, founder and now retired president of Minnesota Public Radio. "It may already be the 'electronic town meeting place' for the local leadership base of the country. And with a few changes it could do far more."
Where public TV should concentrate more effort: near home
Jack Willis, then head of Twin Cities Public Television, explains why pubTV should put its faith in programming about local issues.
Serve society and the future
Public broadcasting offers a rare, moral transaction
People give it an hour of their time, writes Bill Moyers, and they get something in return that dignifies life rather than debasing it.
The community around public stations is part of social capital
It not only bonds together like-minded people but also forms bridges between them and the broader city and region, write David LeRoy and Judith LeRoy, audience researchers and social scientists.
Engagement with the public is what puts the 'public' in public broadcasting and other public media
Pat Aufderheide and Noelle McAfee of American University's Center for Social Media say that approach lets the field leave behind the ongoing right-left "squirrel-cage" debates. Public media convert raw data into comprehensible narratives of real life, provide knowledge for political action, foster talk that leads to solutions, inspire and alert us with history, and remind Americans that they can have respectful give-and-take on issues.
Years earlier, Danny Schechter, former executive producer of South Africa Now and Rights & Wrongs, urged PBS to recreate itself as a progressive citizens' channel.
We need civility in media to rebuild the public's trust and hope
In 1992, documentary producer Henry Hampton (Eyes on the Prize) warns that "the level of anger in much of our public discourse prevents effective communication" through the media at large.
Bring exuberant life to the country's most important public space
Independent filmmaker Jill Godmilow wants people to have a clear media window that looks out at the world.
'Serving diversity is what public broadcasting is all about'
So in pragmatic as well as mission terms, it makes sense for it to aim to serve and satisfy the diversity market, thus building its audience, writes attorney and former PBS exec Gary Poon.
Native radio: at the heart of public radio's mission
Native American stations pick up roles of the traditional tribal callers, singing the news and preserving the culture, write Bruce Theriault and Felice Tilin.
The public media system needs to develop four kinds of openness
So says Reed Hundt, a former FCC chair who co-chaired the bipartisan Digital Media Future Initiative.
Giving voice to new talent, celebrating the great works
Having public TV air her play was a dream for a young playwright, recalls Wendy Wasserstein (it made her "a sucker for a three-figure deal") but the greater pleasure is hearing how that broadcast changed someone's life.
Serve as a catalyst in making our cities work
Robert F. Larson, former president of Detroit Public Television (WTVS).
. . . and especially the needs of the curious and the young
'It would be fatal if we were to lose belief in ourselves'
Public television's place is "to serve the actual young and the forever young, the open and curious, those who still want to learn," said WGBH production chief Peter McGhee as he retired in 2002. In contrast, most TV enters people "not as food for thought, but as an embalming fluid."
A corporate leader urges public TV to make spreading literacy its core major objective
Former Netscape exec James Barksdale, familiar with the work of Between the Lions, says only public TV has the trust, reach, contacts and experience to play a central role in the campaign to eliminate illiteracy in the country.
In a 1969 Senate hearing, Mister Rogers made the case for public TV with straightforward words about children's needs.
'I give an expression of care every day to each child'
In 1969, a young Fred Rogers contrasted his approach of speaking to kids' everyday emotional needs rather than bombarding them with amped-up cartoon conflicts. His testimony during a U.S. Senate hearing gave the subcommittee chairman "goosebumps," Sen. John Pastore replied.
What stories do we tell our children through TV?
Media scholar George Gerbner says in a medium that mass-produces fantasies of violence, Fred Rogers hand-crafts stories that heal.
Think how much more history there is to tell
Historian David McCullough, who was then host of American Experience, says PBS producers have just begun the necessary job of telling and retelling the past.
Aim higher
Public radio is hitting home runs, but it can do better
Producer and StoryCorps founder Dave Isay says public radio is entering its golden age.
'Playing small does not serve the world,' says Rick Madden, quoting Mandela
Rick Madden, the late public radio v.p. at CPB, urged colleagues to think big in his speech accepting CPB's Edward R. Murrow Award in 2001.
"Our Lyceum, our Chautauqua, our Minsky's, and our Camelot"
When educational TV evolved into public TV in the 1970s, master writer E.B. White wrote a letter offering one of the most lyrical and concise descriptions of what public TV could become.
Making sure that listeners' time with public radio is time well spent
In 1970, Bill Siemering, who became NPR's first program director, sketched the organization's purposes. The vision of the the new radio network was soon shaping All Things Considered. NPR would "encourage a sense of active constructive participation, rather than apathetic helplessness," he wrote. It would transmit the cultural past and encourage the cultural present.
To "be a unifying force in American culture, a lens through which we can understand our diverse nation and the world"
Public TV's purpose is to give all Americans access to television that will "educate, enlighten, engage and inform" them as citizens, the stations said in their 2004 mission statement.
When speaking to legislators
Show me a better deal for the tax dollar
David Brugger, then public TV's chief lobbyist, argues that the system has plenty of reasons to be confident about the value of its services.
A conservative answer to America's triple crisis
Ervin Duggan, president of PBS between 1994 and 1999, tells the Right that public broadcasting itself offers the genuinely conservative approach.
Congress endowed an earlier public education system with valuable land
Advocates of an endowment for public media point to the land grant colleges as a precedent.
To serve the public interest, rely on the broadcaster who is motivated to do so
Henry Geller, a longtime advocate for public-interest FCC policies, urges the commission to put a fee on commercial broadcasters and use it to assist public TV.
Robert McChesney, media historian and a founder of the Free Press media reform group, reminds us of the long struggle to create a kind of broadcasting not motivated primarily by profit.
Words from the fans
'It just feels like hearts coming out of my head' and other comments in the mailbox
The audience has its say.
. . . and from producers and programmers
Ken Burns chooses to work in 'the only place you have a measure of creative control'
The star documentarian tells why he sticks with public TV in short 1992 remarks to TV critics and longer 1999 testimony in the House of Representatives.
Listeners and producers alike: members of a media congregation
Martin Goldsmith, former host of NPR's Performance Today and now a host on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
The best of jobs: to have and serve the public's trust
Bill Moyers speaks to his quarrelsome public TV colleagues in 1996 about what they share in common, including the joys of working on important questions, sharing the wonders of human creativity, without the commercial pressure to exploit the lowest common denominator. In 2011, Moyers calls for a convention to update, broaden and revitalize the public media system.
Take note of what Jon Rice gave to viewers and to his friends
Nat Katzman, a colleague from Jon Rice's celebrated days at San Francisco's KQED-TV, recalls the programmer's legacy.
Do you admire other useful and diverse speeches or essays on questions of purpose? We'd be interested in seeing them. Please send a note and the text to Current Interim Managing Editor Karen Everhart.


Analytic method development, validation, and transfer are key elements of any pharmaceutical development program. This technical brief will focus on development and validation activities as applied to drug products. Often considered routine, too little attention is paid to them with regards for their potential to contribute to overall developmental time and cost efficiency.
These method-related activities are interrelated. They are iterative, particularly during early drug development phases. Parts of each process may occur concurrently or be refined at various phases of drug development. Changes encountered during drug development may require modifications to existing analytic methods. These modifications to the methods, in turn, may require additional validation or transfer activities, as shown below (Figure 1).
Effective method development ensures that laboratory resources are optimized, while methods meet the objectives required at each stage of drug development. Method validation, required by regulatory agencies at certain stages of the drug approval process, is defined as the "process of demonstrating that analytical procedures are suitable for their intended use"1. Method transfer is the formal process of assessing the suitability of methods in another laboratory. Each of these processes contributes to continual improvement of the methods and results in more efficient drug development.
Method development (Figure 2) is a continuous process that progresses in parallel with the evolution of the drug product. The notion of phase-appropriate method development is a critical one if time, cost, and efficiency are concerns. The goal and purpose of the method should reflect the phase of drug development. During early drug development, the methods may focus on API behavior. They should be suitable to support pre-clinical safety evaluations, pre-formulation studies, and prototype product stability studies. As drug development progresses, the analytical methods are refined and expanded, based on increased API and drug product knowledge. The methods should be robust and uncomplicated, while still meeting the appropriate regulatory guidelines.
Scouting experiments are frequently performed during method development to establish the performance limits of the method, prior to formal validation experiments. These may include forced degradation studies, which are an integral part of development of a stability-indicating method. API is typically subjected to degradation by acid, base, peroxide, heat, and light. This allows for a determination of the capability of the method to separate and quantify degradation products, while providing insight into the main mechanisms of degradation. Once a stability-indicating method is in place, the formulated drug product can then be subjected to heat and light in order to evaluate potential degradation of the API in the presence of formulation excipients.
Additional experiments help to define the system suitability criteria that will be applied to future analytic sample sets. System suitability tests are a set of routine checks to assess the functionalities of the instrument, software, reagents, and analysts as a system3. Final method system suitability parameters may be determined from evaluations of method robustness performed under statistical design of experiments. The goal is to identify the critical parameters and to establish acceptance criteria for method system suitability.
The validation of an analytic method demonstrates the scientific soundness of the measurement or characterization. It is required to varying extents throughout the regulatory submission process. The validation practice demonstrates that an analytic method measures the correct substance, in the correct amount, and in the appropriate range for the intended samples. It allows the analyst to understand the behavior of the method and to establish the performance limits of the method. Resources for information and approaches to method validation are listed in the endnotes.
In order to perform method validation, the laboratory should be following a written standard operating procedure (SOP) that describes the process of conducting method validation. The laboratory should be using qualified and calibrated instrumentation with a corresponding operating SOP. There should be a well-developed and documented test method in place and an approved protocol should be in place prior to the execution of any validation experiments. The protocol is a plan that describes which method performance parameters will be tested, how the parameters will be assessed, and the acceptance criteria that will be applied. Finally, samples of API or drug product, placebos, and reference standards are needed to perform the validation experiments.
The method performance parameters that are applicable to most methods are shown in Table 14.
Accuracy is established by quantitation of the sample against a reference standard for API, or spiking placebo with API for drug product. It can also be determined by comparison of results from alternate measurement techniques.
Precision is determined by multiple measurements on an authentic, homogeneous set of samples. Samples may be analyzed on different days, by different analysts, on different instruments, or in different laboratories. There are three levels of precision validation evaluations – repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility. Repeatability is a measure of precision under the same conditions over a short period of time. Intermediate precision is a measure of precision within the same laboratory by different operators, using different instruments, and making measurements on different days. Reproducibility assesses precision between two or more laboratories.
Specificity can be established by a number of approaches, depending on the intended purpose of the method. The ability of the method to assess the analyte of interest in a drug product is determined by a check for interference by placebo. Specificity can be assessed by measurement of the API in samples that are spiked with impurities or degradants, if available. If API-related compounds are not available, drug can be stressed or force-degraded in order to produce degradation products. In chromatographic separations, apparent separation of degradants may be confirmed by peak purity determinations by photodiode array, mass purity determinations by mass spectroscopy (MS), or by confirming separation efficiency using alternate column chemistry. During forced degradation experiments, degradation is targeted at 5 to 20% degradation of the API, in order to avoid concerns about secondary degradation.
The limit of detection and limit of quantitation are based on measurement signal-to-noise ratios of 3 and 10, respectively. Standards or samples at concentrations near the expected limits are measured. Signal-to-noise can be generated by software, manually measured, estimated from standard deviation calculations, or limits may be empirically determined.
Linearity is established by measuring response at various concentrations by a regression plot, typically by methodofleastsquares. Theresponse may require mathematical manipulation prior to linearity assessments. A visual inspection of the linearity plot is the best tool for examining proportionality of the response. The range is established by the required limits of the method and the point at which linearity is compromised.
Robustness is typically assessed by the effect of small deliberate changes to chromatographic methods on system suitability parameters such as peak retention, resolution, and efficiency. Experimental factors that are typically varied during method robustness evaluations include: (i) age of standards and sample preparations, (ii) sample extraction time, (iii) variations to pH of mobile phase, (iv) variation in mobile phase composition, (v) analysis temperature, (vi) flow rate, (vii) column lot and/or manufacturer, and (viii) type and use of filter against centrifugation. Robustness experiments are an ideal opportunity to utilize statistical design of experiments, providing data-driven method control.
The ICH guidance also suggests detailed validation schemes relative to the intended purpose of the methods. It lists recommended data to report for each validation parameter. Acceptance criteria for validation elements must be based on the historical performance of the method, the product specifications, and must be appropriate for the phase of drug development.
As previously mentioned, the path to validation forms a continuum. It begins in the early phases of drug development as a set of informal experiments that establish the soundness of the method for its intended purpose. It is expanded in intensity and extent throughout the regulatory submission process into a fully-documented report that is required by NDA submission at Phase III and in support of commercial production. It is repeated whenever there is a significant change in instrumentation, method, specifications, and process, if applicable.
Analytic method development and validation are continuous and interconnected activities conducted throughout the drug development process. The practice of validation verifies that a given method measures a parameter as intended and establishes the performance limits of the measurement. Although apparently contradictory, validated methods produce results within known uncertainties. These results are crucial to continuing drug development, as they define the emerging knowledge base supporting the product.
The time and effort that are put into developing scientifically-sound, robust, and transferrable analytic methods should be aligned with the drug development stage. The resources that are expended on method validation must be constantly balanced with regulatory requirements and the probability for product commercialization.
FDA Guidance for Industry –Analytical Procedures and Method Validation, Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Documentation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), August 2000.
International Conference on Harmonization Quality Guidelines Q2(R1), Validation of Analytical Procedures, Text and Methodology, Parent guideline dated 27 Oct 1994, Complementary guideline on methodology dated 6 Nov 1996, incorporated November 2005.
USP 31 (2009): General Tests, Chapter 621 – Chromatography System Suitability, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), Rockville, MD.
Chan, C. C. et. al. (ed.), (2004), Analytical Method Validation and Instrument Performance Verification, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Interscience).


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The drugs we use in the treatment of your pet are covered by strict legal controls and are classified as Prescription Only Medicines (POMs). These drugs have been extensively tested for their safety and performance.
Legally, a vet must use a licenced product where one is available and can only prescribe these medicines following a clinical examination. However, in some cases repeat prescriptions can be dispensed with the consent of a vet in the practice who has sufficient knowledge of the case history. In all cases, patients should be examined at least every six months. Some cases require more frequent examination to ensure that the prescribed medicine is working properly.
Alternatively, we can provide a prescription for you to obtain the medication elsewhere, but a small fee is charged for this service.
We require 24 hours notice for repeat prescriptions, to ensure that we can have them delivered to us if we do not have them in stock.


text:
Spain Launches #SpainWillWait Video To Keep Destination Front Of Mind
The national tourism agency responsible for marketing Spain's destination worldwide, TURESPAÑA, has launched a video titled '#SpainWillWait' (España te espera) across its social media channels.
We can't wait to head back to the beaches, natural parks, and cultural gems of Spain. But whilst we stay home, Spain promises to wait. Take a look at the video here:
The objective of the initiative is to consolidate tourists' loyalty to the destination by reminding them of all that Spain has to offer and all that can be enjoyed once the COVID-19 crisis has passed. The video looks to convey an evocative idea of Spain, transporting holidaymakers from their homes and strengthening lasting emotional ties with the destination.
Instagram: @Spain
Facebook: info
Twitter: @Spain_inUK; @mincoturgob
By Andrew Forbes
Andrew Forbes
Andrew is a Marketing Communications consultant, working within the wellness, travel & lifestyle sectors. His track record in PR, marketing and branding spans over 25 years. He writes regularly on international wellness, travel, and lifestyle themes with a particular passion for the Mediterranean and the Americas. Originally from the UK, Andrew Forbes has lived in the US and France but now calls southern Spain his home, where he is Travel Editor for Spain's leading English language newspaper. For Andrew, luxury is many things; most importantly genuine hospitality, authenticity and thoughtful service. Web: www.andrewforbes.com


Reports of a suspicious white powdered substance caused police and firefighters to close down a five-square-block area of the north side and evacuate the Lincoln Park Zoo Tuesday.
But the substance turned out to be a harmless flour or similar powder used to mark a jogging course, the city's fire commissioner said.
More than 100 police officers and firefighters, some wearing special suits to deal with hazardous materials, were called into the area.
Streets were blocked off. Several entrances and exits to Lake Shore Drive, one of the principal highways in the city, were closed. The public was warned by authorities to stay away.
Field testing equipment gave readings indicating that the substance "could be anything in the anthrax areas," said Fire Commissioner James Joyce.
"But they were false positives," he added.
"It's a completely inert substance," Joyce said at a news conference. "It's scattered over a three- or four-block area." Members of a running club had used the powder to paint arrows to show the runners were to go, he said.
Eric Dawoudi, 26, a DePaul University student whose apartment overlooks a zoo entrance, said he was blocked from his home by a police officer.
Nevertheless, a police officer would still not allow him into the neighborhood.


This review was originally written--handwritten no less--in November 1999 before the Age of Blogs. I'm not editing it at all because I don't believe in tampering with history. For other old reviews, click on the "From the Vault" tag.
Summary: 16 year old Steve Harmon is on trial for felony murder. He's so disturbed by the events of his life that he decides to write it all down like it's a movie. We see the trial through his "screenplay" as he attempts to regain control of his life.
Critique: Creative in format, Myers's book shows us how easy it is to blur reality and fantasy. Steve sees his life like a movie while he's in jail because it's easier for him to handle it that way. But if he had seen it as reality from the get-go maybe he would never have gotten into the mess. The reader is treated like a jury member, although we have insight to Steve that the jury does not. I did not know how the trial would end until it did. Even knowing the outcome, and with insight into Steve's mind, there is still doubt as to the extent of his involvement. Although a judge and jury determined his guilt or innocence, Steve faces a tougher judge, one who sees him as a monster: himself.


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package com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.reactivesocket.sample;

import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandGroupKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.reactivesocket.metrics.HystrixCommandMetricsStream;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**
 * Created by rroeser on 5/19/16.
 */
public class HystrixConfigStreamTest {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        HystrixCommandMetricsStream
            .getInstance()
            .get()
            .subscribe(payload -> {
                ByteBuffer data = payload.getData();
                String s = new String(data.array());

                System.out.println(s);
                latch.countDown();
            });

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            TestCommand test = new TestCommand();

            test.execute();
        }

        latch.await();
    }

    class TestCommand extends HystrixCommand<Boolean> {
        protected TestCommand() {
            super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("HystrixMetricsPollerTest"));
        }

        @Override
        protected Boolean run() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("IM A HYSTRIX COMMAND!!!!!");
            return true;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package com.icms.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.icms.bean.Authentication;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class Login
 */
@WebServlet("/Login")
public class Login extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

		String Username,Password;
		response.setContentType("text/html");
		Username=request.getParameter("username");
		Password=request.getParameter("password");

		Authentication loginservice=new Authentication();
		boolean result=loginservice.authenticate(Username, Password);
		System.out.println(result);
		if(result==true){
				String r=loginservice.checkrole(Username);
				if(r.equalsIgnoreCase("Admin"))
				{
					request.getSession().setAttribute("username", Username);
					response.sendRedirect("admin.jsp");

				}
				else
				{
					request.getSession().setAttribute("username", Username);
					response.sendRedirect("employee.jsp");

				}

			}

		else{
			response.sendRedirect("404.jsp");

		}
   }

}


text:
11 Celebrity Children Prove That Talent and Charm Can Be Inherited
Monday, October 12, 2020 Views: *
When we look at the photos of celebrities and their children, we always wonder what they will become in the future. And after a long period of time, we actually find out.
We really wanted to know what the children of very famous parents look like and what they do now. Maybe success can be inherited?
Catherine Deneuve and Christian Vadim
French actor Christian Vadim, the son of movie director Roger Vadim and actress Catherine Deneuve, was born on June 18th, 1963, in Boulogne-Billancourt. He has successful roles in movies and the theater under his belt.
Vanessa Paradis and Lily-Rose Depp
Lily-Rose Depp was born on May 27th, 1999, in Paris, into a family of the French actress, singer, and model Vanessa Paradis and American actor Johnny Depp. Lily has become a successful model and actress.
Pamela Anderson and Brandon Thomas Lee
Brandon Thomas Lee, son of actress Pamela Anderson and drummer Tommy Lee was born on June 6th, 1996. He is inspired by his mother and appears in movies and photoshoots.
Jim Carrey and Jane Erin Carrey
Jane was born on September 6th, 1987, in Los Angeles. She made Jim Carrey and actress Melissa Womer parents. Unlike her father, Jane has always had a passion for singing and is now a singer of the "The Jane Carrey Band'.
Catherine Zeta-Jones and Carys Zeta Douglas
Carys, the youngest daughter of Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas, was born on April 20th, 2003. This 17-year-old girl is a dancer and she is also planning to go into theater.
Cindy Crawford and Kaia Gerber
Kaia Gerber was born on September 3rd, 2001. Currently, she is a successful model and is also trying herself in movies.
John Travolta and Ella Bleu
On April 3rd, 2000, John Travolta and Kelly Preston had a beautiful daughter named Ella. Recently, she appeared in a new thriller called The Poison Rose with her father.
Julianne Moore and Liv Freundlich
Actress Julianne Moore and scriptwriter Bart Freundlich had a daughter on April 11th, 2002. Liv loves basketball and also appears in movies and fashion shows.
Adriano Celentano and Rosalinda Celentano
52-year-old Italian actress, artist, and singer Rosalinda Celentano, the younger daughter of famous actor and singer Adriano Celentano and Claudia Mori, has a lot of acting awards and even played Satan in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ.
Pierce Brosnan and Dylan Brosnan
On January 13th, 1997, Pierce Brosnan and Keely Shaye Smith had a son named Dylan. At the age of 18, he was already the face of Saint Laurent.
Danny DeVito and Lucy DeVito
37-year-old American actress, and daughter of Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman, is very talented. She started as a theater actress and has 44 movies and show credits as an actor.
Do you know about any other famous children that are just as talented as their parents?
Preview photo credit CAPITOL FILMS / Album, J. Vespa/WireImage via Getty Images


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text:
Do you know about DrugsData.org?
It's an Erowid project that does lab drug testing of anonymously
submitted samples & publishes the results online. [See Recent Results]
Rumor and Ethic
Careful Communication as a Harm Reduction Measure
by Sylvia Thyssen
Erowid Extracts #9
Citation: Thyssen S. "Rumor and Ethic: Careful Communication as a Harm Reduction Measure". Erowid Extracts. Nov 2005;9:6-8.
Adapted from a talk given at Mind States VI, Palace of Fine Arts--San Francisco, CA May 29, 2005
Recently, while preparing a presentation for the Mind States conference, I plugged the words "harm reduction" into an anagram generator (software that helps find new meaningful arrangements of the letters from a word or phrase) to stimulate my imagination. "Rumor and Ethic" was one of the results that caught my attention.
While the best known examples of harm reduction include things like needle exchange and pill testing programs, peer-to-peer communication is also an important component. The anagram "Rumor and Ethic" struck me because "Rumor" hints at how harm reduction messages are often exchanged person-to-person. "Ethic" suggests the value of using care and accuracy when crafting messages that will become part of these peer-transferred messages. The specific language used to describe psychoactive drugs and experiences can deeply imprint on the thoughts and actions of others. The crafting of ideas, words, and styles to communicate a particular set of ideas and behaviors, a practice we call "meme cultivation", can have a significant impact on not only individual, but societal understandings of psychoactive drugs. Memes are about memory and interest. If a message reaches people in the right easy-to-remember form, they are more likely to pay attention, yet harm reduction messages must be designed to be carried peer-to-peer without dangerous information loss.
"While the best known examples of harm reduction are organizational efforts, peer-to-peer verbal exchange is also a primary carrier of harm reduction information."
One of the problems with peer-based information distribution is highlighted in the classic "telephone game", where errors may be introduced into a message with each transmission. A person in the communication chain can degrade the message or potentially transform and improve it. By proactively quashing rumors and errors before they become seen as "truth", knowledgeable and careful members of the network can help correct and reduce the damage done by the media and government. Some of the most common problems that occur in peer-transmitted information can be reduced with a little care on the part of better-informed peers. Using precise language, avoiding the unqualified use of the word "drug", being wary of oversimplified messages, and being willing to say "I don't know" are just a few examples.
Use Precise Language
The use of precise and careful language can help entrain people to be more careful with their actions. Questioning and clarifying ambiguous terminology used by others can raise awareness of substance-related health and safety issues. Consider "speed", a term that is used for everything from street methamphetamine and 4-methylaminorex, to pharmaceutical products like Adderall or methylphenidate (Ritalin), and even ephedrine. All of these have been referred to as "speed", yet each has unique issues that could impact harm reduction. Informed peers can qualify the term by using phrases like "some kind of speed" or "speed, probably methamphetamine" which may both help clarify dangerous misunderstandings and point out that the term, by itself, does not have a single meaning.
The term "Ecstasy", while probably sufficient when referring to "a random pill we know very little about that someone got at a rave", is also used for everything from pure MDMA to other MD* compounds and even for GHB (sometimes called "liquid ecstasy"). In cases where confusion is possible, it can be useful to ask specifically what substance is being referred to.
Similar considerations exist when describing dosages. Because of the nature of the underground market, people often don't know the exact dose they are taking, yet dosage is a primary safety consideration. It's easy for people to become careless about the words they use. Ask what someone means when they say they took "one dose". Ask if they know how many milligrams or micrograms, and if they do, how do they know? Was the dose measured or eyeballed? How was it measured and with what equipment? This can open conversation about the importance of dosage considerations. Such discussions can point out that, even with illicitly-manufactured materials, dosage is still under the control of the individual: pills or capsules do not have to be taken whole, rather than taking a larger dose one can start low and take more later if necessary, and doses measured by someone else can be verified with a scale.
Adding precision to casual speech can sound awkward at first--you may get some funny looks if you refer to MDMA instead of Ecstasy, or "a half milligram of alprazolam" instead of "one Xanax"--but it can introduce the concept of accuracy among those with whom you interact.
Highlighting issues of dosage can point out how differently each person can be affected and how different body weights and sizes can impact dosage and effect levels. If someone is told by their peers to simply "take one pill", they have little to go on and may run into unintended consequences. Increased precision and detail in language is essential to improving the culture of psychoactive drug use.
Rumor:
talk or opinion widely disseminated with no discernible source.
a statement or report currently without known authority for its truth.
Ethic:
the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation
a theory or set of moral principles or values
the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group
a guiding philosophy
Harm Reduction:
a set of practical strategies that reduce negative consequences, specifically of drug use.
Merriam-Webster, Webster.com
Harm Reduction Coalition, harmreduction.org
Why "Drug" Is Not Enough
Erowid tends to avoid the use of the word "drug" alone when something more specific is meant because the word is so often used to obscure the important distinctions that are key to harm reduction and education. Harm reduction is often about helping people differentiate between choices that carry different levels of risk. Making good choices regarding psychoactives without distinguishing carefully between substances is nearly impossible. There is a big difference between psychedelics and antibiotics, stimulants and depressants, prescription pharmaceuticals and street methamphetamine, yet all are covered indiscriminately by the term "drugs".
If a woman seems to be having problems and all we know is "she's on drugs", we have nowhere near enough information to make useful decisions about how to help her. Is she nodding off, having taken too much heroin? Is she twitchy and paranoid, having taken some sort of stimulant? Is she on LSD, or perhaps a regimen of Prozac, or having a bad reaction to antibiotics? In this area, meaningful distinctions are critical.
When the term "drugs" is allowed to stand alone to mean "that poorly-defined group of bad drugs or pharmaceuticals used in disapproved ways", we lose an important harm reduction battle--getting people to think carefully and with nuance about psychoactives. We also lose an opportunity to make people aware that powerful psychoactives surround them. Knowledgeable community members can help by asking more questions about the types and identities of drugs that are meant when the unqualified term "drugs" is used in place of more appropriate specific terms.
Framing and Expectation
Clearly, the descriptions we use can program people's expectations. Simple changes in word choice and framing can have a significant impact on how other people will interpret what we say. Consider the following three examples, which describe briefly what eating psilocybin mushrooms is like:
Eating mushrooms makes you trip out and see weird shit!
When I ate mushrooms the first time, I saw a strange vision of an alien circus.
After eating psilocybin mushrooms, some people report visual changes or even full-blown hallucinations.
These three ways of describing the same phenomena can have very different meanings to someone who has never taken mushrooms. The first example implies that this single experience is what will result from ingesting mushrooms; it does nothing to prepare a novice for the variety of fundamentally different experiences they may actually have. The second example also describes a specific experience, but it clearly presents one possible outcome for one person on one occasion, rather than implying that there's a quintessential mushroom experience. The third example states that different people will experience different things, but that hallucinations are one thing that at least some people report.
Each of these descriptions may have its place in different contexts. The choice of which voice to use can influence not only expectations, but also the way listeners make choices that could impact their physical and mental health.
Avoid the Universal "You"
Although the second person "you" is commonly used during casual speech, in statements like "Ecstasy makes you feel love for everyone", it should be avoided whenever possible. Phrases such as "you should" or "you will" neither communicate a personal experience (better conveyed with "I") nor really make a statement about the range of responses that may occur. Using "you" can be dismissive of someone else's experience and choices, and may obscure or ignore that a range of factors such as body type, set and setting, interactions with medications, allergies, or other mitigating circumstances can lead to dramatically different reactions. Becoming aware of how often the second person "you" is used by people who actually mean "I" (especially when describing personal experiences) can help improve how we communicate with others about what is unique and individual, and what is shared and common.
When discussing psychoactives or their use, extreme modifiers such as "always" or "never" are best avoided. Absolute language is often just plain wrong since exceptions are easy to find: when people are in a mood to disagree, absolute language increases resistance. In the interest of promoting accuracy, we need to build and spread memes that are not easily falsified.
Perhaps the classic problem with exaggerated assertions is that if they are seen to be wrong, other messages that accompany them may also be discounted. For example, even if people commonly think that mixing substance A and substance B "always" results in a bad reaction, there are many factors (such as dosage) that could keep a bad reaction from occurring. If someone mixes them and doesn't have a bad reaction, it may lead them or their friends to dismiss other risk-reducing measures.
This is similar to the problems with sensational government messages that complicate harm reduction efforts. One of the most common criticisms of the anti-cannabis campaigns is that they exaggerate deleterious effects in hopes of keeping people away from trying cannabis. These exaggerations may work in the short term, but often end up causing the most important points of the message to be ignored when parts of it are later found to be exaggerated.
Language that allows for nuance, like "sometimes", "often", "in many cases", "you may want to" or "you might consider", suggests that listeners should weigh the issues themselves, take responsibility for their choices, and then make decisions. Careful phrasing also gives other people more room for their own experiences and for all the scenarios they may face when taking psychoactives, including no effects or unexpected effects. There may be exceptions when exaggerations are appropriate (like when dealing with a psychedelic crisis, where a person may wish for the reassurance of an ultimate truth), but in most cases, nuanced messages promote self-responsibility and informed decision-making.
Know Where the Data Comes From
People naturally tend to want to speak with authority, yet this impulse often results in an impression of the speaker as the source of the information they're conveying. Knowing the source of the data, or having the ability to cite specific sources, demonstrates that awareness of where information comes from can be as important as the information itself.
Asking people for the source of their information helps spread the idea that researching and supporting claims that affect health is important, although questioning may need to be done carefully, since it can be seen as insulting. If someone uses Erowid as a reference, it is prudent to consider whether they read an experience report, a peer-reviewed article, a well-researched independent paper, an entry in the Guestbook, or data from some other part of the site. Maybe they read an archived FAQ from 1997 that no one has updated in eight years!
Admit What You Don't Know
This brings up the three important words: "I don't know." There is often pressure to offer simple answers to complex questions. But when it comes to information about psychoactives, everyone is better off if people just admit to not having information rather than making something up. For example: "Is MDMA neurotoxic?" There is no pat answer, and anyone providing one is likely to be simply wrong.
Acknowledging ignorance about something can spur others to research the answer, lead to fruitful discussions about why the answer is not known, and motivate people to put more thought and care into their actions as they realize the complexity and unknown risks of their activities. Answering "I don't know" can also open the door to other people admitting the edges of their knowledge and promote further dialogue.
Memes and Slogans
"Clean needles save lives"
"Know your body,
know your mind,
know your substance,
know your source"
"Less is more"
"Don't drink and drive"
"Drink water"
"Fuck safe, shoot clean"
"Use condoms"
Beware of Simplistic Messages
Unfortunately, as we become more aware of how the words we use impact others and shape their choices, the messages can get longer and more complex. That is why slogans and simple messages are popular: they stick with us. Being memorable, they can serve as useful reminders to be safe.
One of the difficulties of harm reduction is that complex issues often have to be distilled down into simple language: easily-remembered phrases are forced into the role of carrying harm reduction messages. This is a double-edged sword as people come to rely on the slogan at the expense of more detailed knowledge. Sometimes the simplest memes are the most likely to be misinterpreted.
One common example from the electronic dance culture illustrates how dangers can hide in a simplistic message. The harm reduction message "drink water" began as a useful reminder to stay hydrated when taking MDMA at a club or party, where attendees are more likely to get dehydrated or, in an extreme case, develop hyperthermia (unusually high body temperature). Even those who are under the influence of a drug can generally understand and remember this two-word message.
Unfortunately, there have been some incidents where people have died of hyponatremia (a deficiency of sodium in the blood) because they were encouraged to "drink more water" when they started to feel sick after taking Ecstasy. While the meme probably helps more people than it hurts, "according to C. Haller, MD from the California Poison Control Center in San Francisco, hyponatremia (although actually rare among users) is one of the most common causes of ecstasy deaths or serious injuries."1 In the 1990s, the "drink water" meme was usually missing the critical and unspoken "but not too much" modifier. A more accurate rendition would be, "Drink water, but not too much. Drink around one pint per hour or one glass for every serving of alcohol, especially if it's really hot". But this wording lacks the immediate impact of "Drink water!" The longer version might become garbled and dangerously inaccurate as it passes from person to person; yet the appropriate water dosage and context are medically important nuances. So, although simpler messages are easier to remember, they also have a greater chance of being misinterpreted and perhaps even causing harm.
Simplicity vs. Accuracy
This tension between memorable and complete is at the heart of the meme cultivation challenge, yet all too often it seems to be resolved in favor of incomplete information. Memes are the memorable hooks that lead to the more complex message. But the complex message is often what we are trying to communicate. Educators, informed peers, harm reduction workers, and writers can help limit the spread of incomplete or inaccurate rumors by promoting an ethic that encourages careful communication. The problems with psychoactive drug use are diminished as better-informed members of peer networks step up and not only correct errors but also help people evolve the way in which they share information.
Those who read articles like this or attend harm reduction talks at related conferences are people who have the knowledge and interest to make a difference in their communities by raising the general level of awareness about these complex issues.
Erowid. "Water Issues with MDMA Use: Dehydration, Over-Hydration and Heat Stroke." June 2000. Erowid.org/mdma/mdma_health_water.shtml
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