Support groups in Zimbabwe are turning into advocacy groups with People living with HIV (PLHIV) successfully utilising advocacy methods in order to achieve better medical treatment and to reduce stigma in society. Success stories in Zimbabwe show the potential of HIV and AIDS related activism, linking local level activity with national campaigns.
The concept of local level advocacy initiatives in Zimbabwe began when Batanai HIV and AIDS Service Organisation (BHASO) in Masvingo, an NGO partner of fepa, trained the first core group of 30 advocates. Two people living with HIV (PLHIV) were chosen from each local support group and were trained to be advocates. BHASO provided them with systematic advocacy training which involves technical knowledge about the disease, treatment literacy and human rights, national and international networking as well as thorough preparation of campaigns.
Local level advocacy is spearheaded by PLHIV in the communities with knowledge on advocacy, human rights and law. The local advocacy committees in Masvingo involve all people in the community by holding consultation at all levels of the community. In most cases of HIV and health, consultations involve support group leaders, youth support groups, AIDS services organisations in Masvingo like Batanai, Zimbabwe AIDS Network, National AIDS Council, Red Cross, SolidarMed and many others. Local business people provide financial assistance during community meetings and are aware of the work that the advocacy committee is doing. A diverse network of community participants are consulted and involved in the work of the provincial advocacy committee. This has enabled a shared vision with the community assisting in keeping the vision alive. For example, every time there are health rights violations in the community, e.g. drug stock-outs or discrimination, ordinary people in the community would generally ask if the advocacy committee knows about it and make every effort to bring the issue to the attention of the advocacy committee for action. This happens because everyone in Masvingo is aware of the shared vision of community health based on a human rights agenda.
The structure of local level advocacy creates a network of advocates from the community level up to the national level and operates at five levels: at the ward level, cluster level, the district level, the provincial level and the national committees. Almost all the provinces now have functional advocacy committees coordinated and run by PLHIV. Outside Masvingo the structure is coordinated by Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR) in partnership with Zimbabwe Network PLVIH (ZNNP+). In 2009, the national committee used to convene as a national roundtable, which is now the National Health and Rights Advocacy Forum.
The unique concept of advocacy committee is based on ownership by PLHIV who are supposed to drive the initiatives and function independent of anyone or any organisation. They are free to network and create partnerships in the communities as they deem fit in order to promote the shared vision of rights and health in the communities. Advocacy committees like support groups belong to the community and not to any institution or aids service organisation. Approaches have sought to dissociate the concept from the usual uneasy approach where people are owned by some person or institution. Advocacy committees therefore belong to the community and are there to hasten and behold to community needs and problems. They can operate independently because the concept is not expensive and is community driven.
Experiences in Masvingo have shown that advocacy is taking action and speaking out on a problem. Advocacy committee in Masvingo has undertaken action directed at changing the policy, practice, program, system, behaviours or environment in a manner that addressed the everyday problems faced by people in the community. Cases studies from Masvingo have shown that advocacy action involves putting a problem on the agenda and drawing a community's attention to it and the need to solve the problem. Advocacy action herein highlighted involves a wide array of activities undertaken to achieve the desired change.
The first case happened in May 2008 and concerned drug stock-outs in the whole province. The advocacy committee received reports from concerned community members that there was a shortage of the drug in the province. The drug was said to have been withdrawn and this was causing an increase in cases of opportunistic infections among PLHIV in the province. This resulted in PLHIV experiencing increased medical costs since they were paying consultation fees and other medical fees to treat related the opportunistic infections. Just over 1 400 PLHIV were accessing the drug.
The advocacy team first engaged the District AIDS Coordinator (DAC) through a meeting where the committee highlighted the problem to the DAC, who later recommended a meeting between the advocacy committee and the Matron of Masvingo General Hospital. The meeting with the Matron did not yield much. The committee then engaged the Natpharm manager who highlighted that the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MoHCW) owed them a lot of money and the drugs were available but they could not be released owing to the debt.
The advocacy committee then had a meeting with the hospital pharmacist, who confirmed the information on condition of anonymity. From there the committee went to the MedicalSuperintendent and demanded a meeting. During the meeting, the Medical Superintendent said there was no fuel to collect the drugs from Harare but the committee insisted that the drugs were there at the Natpharm pharmacy and that PLHIV should access those drugs immediately. Later on the Medical Superintendent (MS) went with members of the committee to Natpharm and met with the Natpharm manager who later agreed to release ten boxes of Cotrimoxazole.
Results of advocacy: Natpharm released 10 boxes of Cotrimoxazole to Masvingo General Hospital on the day and more supplies were subsequently released.
Throughout the narrative of advocacy diaries in Masvingo, it is apparent that advocacy action should first identify an advocacy objective. The advocacy committee or team has systematically set out what they intended to achieve before embarking on advocacy action. In most instances, initial research has been undertaken to provide relevant data to support advocacy arguments. Research has been carried out in various districts in the province on the thematic issues that have been raised in the districts as advocacy issues.
It is important to identify advocacy audiences. In the various districts in the province, advocacy targets have consisted of a cross section of government officials and key stakeholders who have contributed immensely to changes in policies, practices and programmes. The advocacy committee has systematically identified target audiences who make decisions or influence the decision making. In local level advocacy, it is important to identify who makes decisions in the local community and who can influence decision making.
Building partnerships and coalitions is important to strengthen the advocacy voice. The power of advocacy is found in the number of persons or organisations who support your objective. Non-governmental organisations, government health workers, business leaders, politicians and church leaders have all been part of the broader network of partners identified by the Masvingo advocacy committee for the work in the province. Besides facilitating political support, large numbers of people from diverse interests assist in amplifying the voice for the agreed cause.
The Masvingo advocacy committee has adopted innovative ways of framing advocacy content and presenting it. Formulating advocacy messages allows for the proper framing of issues using the appropriate language and data. This will also allow for persuasive presentations to be made to the appropriate audiences without wasting time. Usually policy makers do not have enough time to deal with many problems that are presented to them daily so it becomes critical to be able to package advocacy messages for efficiency and effectiveness within limited resources of time and limited opportunities to be heard.
Lastly, evaluation is crucial in advocacy because it enables you to see if the strategies being employed are working or not and to work on any improvements on current strategies in future actions. This is one area where serious effort is needed to effectively measure advocacy work in the province.
The year 2011 World AIDS Day commemoration was held in Mutare. The theme was, "Zero new infections, zero discrimination, zero HIV related deaths: Leaders make universal access a reality". Basically the theme drives at leaders partaking and assuming influential roles in making universal access to treatment and human rights for PLHIV possible. It was also driving the issues of zeroing new infections, discrimination and new HIV related deaths. The commemorations were celebrated by a lot of stakeholders and partners from all over the country.
Batanai together with its strategic partners Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights and Zimbabwe National Network for People living with HIV were also part of these commemorations with Batanai bringing in advocacy team members from all over the province to participate on this day.
In retrospect of the theme Batanai and its partners ZLHR and ZNNP+ facilitated a march initiated by PLHIV as a way of advocating for at least 15% of the national budget being routed to the health sector thereby increasing the funding that had already been allocated towards the sector. The health sector had been allocated 8.7% which is insufficient for health care in Zimbabwe especially with the issue of HIV where treatment is necessary and is on demand which drives our plight as Aids Service Organizations and various partners who work towards the betterment of the lives of PLHIV through positive living and treatment is part of it.
In this regard, a petition was prepared by PLHIV, which was delivered both orally and tangibly to the Minister H. Madzorere from the health department. This approach was effective because key government officials were present including Minister H Madzorere, Lucia Mativenga from the public service sector as well as Doctor Timothy Stamps who is the Health advisor to the president. From the civil society sector also were top officials from coordinating organizations like Zimbabwe AIDS Network who is vital for resource mobilization and advocacy in the health sector, the National AIDS Council which is the mother coordinating board, UNFPA representatives and other key partners. Thus these issues are considerably going to be deliberated due to the efforts and influence of these people. This anticipation was raised as the Minister Madzorere assured that he was going deliver and pursue the petition to the responsible authorities. PLHIV were happy as this has shown light that there is going to be a change.
The march was also supported by the Zimbabwe National Army, Zimbabwe Republic Police, youth and church groups and peer educators who vibrantly took part in efforts to make the goal of this initiative realized. This served as an indicator that even the state security agencies have the same cry towards the issues of universal access and human rights. Many groups (youth, children and church groups) have also engaged into these efforts and it has shown that people are realizing the intensity and the need that is there for the issue of access to be addressed fully or otherwise be redressed.
In Masvingo advocacy team members are the voice of reason, the opinion leaders and drivers of social justice, speaking out on issues and being proactive. Key highlights of this local level advocacy effort include action for policy and programme change in Gutu ART services, which have been de-centralised to 14 local clinics and provided on a no-cost basis (including for OI infections, other essential medicines, diagnostics etc.).
• The increase in ART sites from one site, charging user fees, in Gutu District in 2010 to one initiating site and 14 local clinics providing no-cost, comprehensive ART and opportunistic infection services in Gutu.
• 73 police and prison officers agreeing to undergo training on the rights of PLHIV and two support groups being established in established subsequently.
• User fees for ART services being done away with following a sit in, petitioning by 1'000 PLHIV and a series of meetings at district and provincial level.
• An apology being printed in the local press and a HIV column being following stigmatizing coverage of the advocacy team's user fee action.
The result of this work is often qualitative, with PLHIV taking actions that advance the realisation of their right to prevention, treatment, care and support. It also results in PLHIV feeling that they have the ability to influence the agenda, to seek greater accountability from decision makers and to bring about change. When given the right support, these teams are a strong model for providing the space and structure for people living with HIV to create a shared vision for a rights-based community health agenda, to advance the Meaningful Involvement of People Living with HIV (MIPA) principles, and to advocate for the realisation of Universal Access in Zimbabwe.
Gutu as a district has a population of 31'715 PLHIV. There were 1'700 PLHIV on ART in Gutu, and the target is that by the end of 2013 a total of 12'000 people will be able to access ART in the district. However the district had only one initiating site at Gutu Mission Hospital covering the whole district. All the services were being charged for and this forced PLHIV to travel long distances, furthest being 56km, to Buhera looking for ART services.
PLHIV were concerned with the distances they were travelling to collect ARVs, a fact they indicated was discouraging others to be tested. They didn't see it wise to know their status and then face challenges in accessing drugs due to the transport costs of travelling to Gutu Mission Hospital for diagnostic tests and monthly ARV supplies. PLHIV who accessed ARVs in Buhera were so also concerned about the ever flooding Nyazvidzi River since it was now into the rainy season.
In an advocacy stakeholder meeting the advocacy district team drummed up support of all stakeholders for this issue to be addressed once and for all. The advocacy committee led a consortium of community stakeholders, which included the Gutu Business Community Association, and approached MSF Belgium (who were assisting the majority of the PLHIV in Buhera) to come and operate in Gutu. The committee helped in mobilizing those who were accessing drugs outside Gutu to register at their local clinics. The registers were then used by the District Nursing Officer (DNO) as evidence to convince MSF to come into the district. MSF assessed the clinics and indicated that there was need for renovation and to address security at the premises to secure the medical supplies. MSF gave a deadline of 30 December 2010.
The advocacy committee and the DNO tried to make health committees take responsibility but out of the targeted 15 health centers only one managed to put screen doors and window burglar bars. With the MSF deadline looming, BHASO had to take the responsibility of putting screen bars, ceilings, burglar bars, doors and window panes into the targeted 14 clinics to be used by MSF.
Challenges: The District Aids Coordinator and District Nursing Officer differed on which sites to be targeted. The team took a holistic approach of including both ideas.
Methods used: Stakeholder meetings, community meetings.
locally and 450 people who previously had to travel to Buhera (approx 45km) or Murambinda (56km) to receive their medication have been transferred to the local clinics.


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Ron Haslam Race School review: Part 2, Premier Experience
By Mikko Nieminen|2020-07-02T16:38:34+01:00June 9th, 2016|Categories: How To, News|Tags: Advice, Donington Park, Honda, Leon Haslam, MoreBikes, Race School, Riding Advice, Ron Haslam, Track, Training|
When I approached Donington Park for my Ron Haslam Race School Premier Experience, I wasn't feeling fast, confident or even particularly excited. I had just battled the hellishly busy M1 in heavy rain, I was wet and cold.
Things started to brighten up as soon as I got in the vicinity of the race school though: there was a line of sparkling new Honda CBR600Rs being fuelled up for the day, and the rain was easing a bit.
I can't think of many places as well equipped to turn anyone from a sluggish Sunday rider into a knee-scraping track-missile than the Ron Haslam Race School. The school is based at Donington Park, one of the finest tracks in the UK, and it doesn't use the Haslam name in vain – the man himself is very much present at the school, riding with the learners. You can often spot other racers at the school too, such as Ron's son and British Superbike Championship rider Leon Haslam.
There are three different types of half-day courses, or 'experiences', to choose from: On-Track, Premier and Elite. Regardless of which one you choose, the day starts with registration and getting your kit sorted. The great thing about the race school is that you can just show up in your normal clothes as the hire of all the riding kit is included in the price. You can, of course, use your own leathers, helmet and so on, but the option is there.
The On-Track Experience combines track riding and bike control exercises. The Honda-sponsored school provides the bikes for all courses, and the On-Track Experience can be done on a Honda CBR125R, CBR300R or CB500/CBR500R.
Having already done the On-Track Experience, I opted for the Premier Experience, which is more intensive, and includes more track time. It also introduces riders to a more powerful machine in the form of the Honda CBR600RR. The day starts with a briefing, after which the riders move onto the track for three riding sessions. There's one track coach for every two learners, so it's easy to get feedback and advice. In between the riding sessions, the coaches advise on how to improve your riding from throttle control to body position and gear changes to race lines. The day ends with a final debrief, a certificate and a sheet where the coaches give riders a score and some notes on areas to improve or focus on.
There's also the Elite Experience: a chance to get some one-to-one time with a coach and a Honda CBR1000RR Fireblade. I'm still very much a novice when it comes to track riding so the 600cc bike was plenty for me, but I'm tempted to go for the Elite training in near future.
Ready, get set, go!
At any given time there are various groups of riders attending different courses milling about at the race school, but the whole operation is run smoothly and effectively. Everyone knows where they're going (usually to the paddocks for a track session, the classrooms for a debrief, or the loos for… well, you get the picture).
Once I got signed in and kitted up (they even have waterproofs for rainy days), I had a moment to spare and had a cup of coffee and tried to mentally adjust to going quite fast, on a fiery sportsbike, in the rain. Everyone who was heading off the track had big smiles on their faces so I can't have been too bad.
I was in the Green group, as indicated by my armband in case I forgot, and soon enough we were called in for the initial briefing. This covered the different flags used to communicate any messages to the riders, general track etiquette, and advice on how best to navigate the circuit. This was all interesting and well presented, but the weather was improving and I was just itching to get out on the track.
From the classroom it was just a short walk to the paddocks, where we got paired with our riding partners and track coaches. I was paired up with another learner, Ben, who was roughly the same ability as me based on our responses to the questions about riding experience that we were asked when we booked the course. Our coach was Matt, who quickly talked us through what we had in store for the rest of the day. The rain had now stopped, but the track was still wet, so Matt encouraged us to start easy and get used to the circuit. "Treat the first few laps as sighting laps. It's still wet, so let's take it easy," he said. That sounded good to me. I had no desire to go sliding off the track after over-stretching my limited abilities.
Without too much standing around we were on our designated bikes and following Matt around the track at a nice and easy starting pace. The whole Green group consisted of 16 people and we were all on track at the same time, each pair of learners following their coach. There were also a few people taking the Elite course at the same time, and every now and again Matt would signal to us to go slightly off the racing line to let faster riders pass us. The track didn't feel busy though, and the amount of overtaking was pretty minimal. Most of the time you could just concentrate on following Matt's lines, body positioning and turning points.
Our first track session was a great introduction to the Donington Park circuit and it gave me confidence in slowly building up speed. I enjoyed the track despite the wet conditions – in all honesty, I didn't really concentrate on the weather at all, I was enjoying the ride too much.
After the first session we did a bit of work on body positioning on a stationary bike at the paddocks. Matt demonstrated how to move on the bike and then we had a go. But it's one thing to do it at zero miles per hour and a whole other to do it hurtling through a fast bend, so it was time to head back to the track to practise.
Session two was still a little damp, but the tarmac was starting to show signs of drying, which helped with the confidence. Our speeds were building up nicely as we got more comfortable with the track, the bikes and our newly acquired skills. Leaning off the bike like Matt had advised seemed surprisingly natural after a while. It was just braking and corner entry that I was still struggling with.
After another debrief, we headed out for the last session of the day. By now the track was almost dry, and it felt like we were flying compared to the speeds we had started the day with. There were still people on the track that were much faster than us (there always are!), but to me this felt amazing.
It's incredible how much of a difference half a day can make. From a nervous start it's easy to build up the skills and confidence to increase the pace safely. Any questions can be quickly answered by the coaches and having time on a track like Donington Park is just priceless. It's a friendly and effective environment to learn in.
The school is very professionally run by Ron, wife Ann and their friendly team. Everything from the sign-in to the kit hire and briefings to the actual training is well organised. The trainers clearly enjoy passing on their track skills, making learning easy and fun.
The Premier Experience costs £299. This includes the bike, kit, refreshments and a goodie bag.
For more information: www.haslamraceschool.com // enquiries@haslamraceschool.com // 01332 883 323
Ron Haslam
Mikko Nieminen
Editor at Motorcycle Sport & Leisure
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Митрополи́т Пирр (в миру Матфе́й Ива́нович Окропири́дзе, ; 1 ноября 1874, селе Дисеви, Горийский уезд, Тифлисская губерния — 28 апреля 1922, Телави) — епископ Грузинской православной церкви, митрополит Алавердский.

Биография
Семилетним ребёнком отец отвёз его в Алавердский монастырь в Кахетии, где он получил начальное духовное воспитание под наблюдением известного своей строгой жизнью деда своего — иеромонаха Сильвестра, родного брата епископа Александра.

Вскоре он был определён в Тифлисское духовное училище, а по окончании курса в 1890 году переведён в Тифлисскую духовную семинарию.

В 1893—1894 учебном году переведён в Ставропольскую духовную семинарию, которую окончил в 1896 году окончил курс со званием студента семинарии и в том же году поступил в Киевскую духовную академию.

В 1900 году окончил академию со степенью кандидата богословия.

В сентябре 1900 году пострижен в монашество с именем Пирр. Тогда же рукоположён во иеродиакона, а затем во иеромонаха.

14 ноября 1900 году допущен к исполнению должности инспектора школ Общества восстановления православного христианства на Кавказе.

В январе 1901 году утверждён в данной должности.

10-17 мая 1902 года определением Святейшего Синода от назначен помощником смотрителя Горийского духовного училища.

В 1905 году определён настоятелем Моцаметского монастыря Имеретинской епархии.

В 1907 году, по представлению епископа Петра, временного управлявшего Имеретинской епархией, возведён в сан архимандрита.

Служа в Имеретинской епархии, состоял благочинным монастырей и председателем комиссии по испытанию лиц, ищущих священнослужительских и псаломнических мест.

29 мая (4 июня) 1909 года определением Святейшего Синода назначен членом Грузино-Имеретинской Синодальной Конторы и настоятелем Давид-Гареджинской пустыни Грузинской епархии.

По переходе в Грузинскую епархию разновременно отправлял должности: председателя Церковного Музея, председателя Комитета по изданию священных и церковно-богослужебных книг на грузинском языке, председателя братства Пресвятой Богородицы при Сионском соборе, редактора «Вестника Грузинского Экзархата» и другие.

С 1911 года — настоятель Мио-Мгвинского монастыря.

10 декабря 1915 года по указу назначен епископом Алавердским, четвёртым викарием Грузинской епархии.

15 января 1916 года наречён, а затем хиротонисан в Петроградской Александро-Невской Лавре во епископа Алавердского.

24 марта 1916 года переименован в третьего викария Грузинской же епархии.

В 1917 году поддержал отделение Грузинской церкви от Русской. В сентябре того же года Всегрузинским Церковным Собором избран на самостоятельную Алавердскую епархиальную кафедру с наименованием «Алавердели».

Скончался 28 апреля 1922 года в Телеви, погребён в Алавердском соборе.

Труды
 «Учебник по изучению книг Ветхого и Нового Завета». Квирила, 1909, с. 136.
 «Три заповеди (назидания)». Перевод с русского. Тбилиси, 1910, с. 16.
 «Толкование пастырских посланий св. Апостола Павла». Тбилиси, 1911, с. 32.
 «Учебник по катехизису Православной Церкви». ч. I. Тбилиси, 1911, с.129.
 «Толкование Евангелий. Первое Евангелие от Матфея». Тбилиси, 1914, с. 271.
 «Толкование Евангелий. Второе Евангелие от Марка». Тбилиси, 1915, с. 116.

Ссылки
 Пирр (Окропиридзе) на сайте «Русско православие»

Епископы Русской православной церкви
Митрополиты Грузинской православной церкви
Выпускники Ставропольской духовной семинарии
Выпускники Киевской духовной академии
Кандидаты богословия

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Evaluation & certification: Current Lifesaving Instructors evaluate some items, but only Distinction Examiners may certify candidates. The Lifesaving Society deems its certifications to be "current" for 24 months from the certification date.
A National Lifeguard has taken a minimum of 100 hours of training. The National Lifeguard course itself is about 40-hours long and there are prerequisites (Bronze Medallion, Bronze Cross, and Standard First Aid).


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Place Studies
Preservation Profiles
Caring for a Modernist Masterpiece (2010)
J. Irwin Miller House. Photographs courtesy Indianapolis Museum of Art.
The Irwin Miller Garden, Columbus, Indiana
"Dan Kiley told Mrs. Miller that he considered it his best design," says Mark Zelonis, Ruth Lilly Deputy Director of Environmental & Historic Preservation at the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Admirers of Kiley (1912–2004), one of the most significant landscape architects of the twentieth century, will know immediately that Zelonis is referring to the Miller House and Garden (1955) in Columbus, Indiana—a collaboration among Kiley, architect Eero Saarinen (1910–1961), and Alexander Girard (1907–1993), who created the interiors. Their client, industrialist J. Irwin Miller (1909–2004), was famous in his own right as one of the century's foremost patrons of modern architecture and a model of corporate citizenship. "Columbus and J. Irwin Miller are almost holy words in architectural circles," wrote architecture critic Paul Goldberger in 1976. "There is no other place in which a single philanthropist has placed so much faith in architecture as a means to civic improvement." I. M. Pei, César Pelli, Eliel and Eero Saarinen, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Richard Meier, and Kevin Roche are among the world-class architects whose buildings, commissioned by a corporate foundation Miller established, grace the streets of Columbus.
In an answered prayer to fans of this icon of midcentury modern design, the IMA, with financial assistance from the Irwin-Sweeney-Miller Foundation and members of the Miller family, acquired the property in 2009 to preserve it and open it to the public. "This was a private home from 1955 until 2008," Zelonis says, explaining that to convert even this National Historic Landmark into an indoor–outdoor museum requires some initial heavy lifting, physically and intellectually. "At fifty years old, things start to bulge and crack and fall off, just like with people," he quips.
Miller House.
To start with, a curatorial team of four IMA experts, including Zelonis, have been documenting everything from furniture fabrics to crabapple species, while marveling at the site's harmonious confluence of design. Saarinen's flat-roofed, one-story house of glass, concrete, and steel sits like a temple to modernism on a plain above the White River. An homage to Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion (1929), the house emulates the pavilion's open floor plan and luxurious materials—in this case, white marble walls and travertine floors. Girard's fabrics add warmth and color. Kiley's contribution, however, is widely hailed as the design's linchpin, integrating the building and landscape by extending the geometry of the house. He and Saarinen had collaborated before, most recently with Miller as the client, on the Irwin Union Bank building in Columbus (1954). "At the Miller house Kiley used a typically limited palette of plants to define rectilinear spaces with hedges, bosques, and allées," Zelonis observes. "This was not a garden of show-stopping color and diversity, but we've found some sketches that confirm that a finer horticultural layer existed here than does today."
Some of the garden's "rooms" served as sculpture galleries—most famously, an allée of honey locust trees channeled a leafy view to a Henry Moore sculpture, Draped Reclining Woman, set against a dark hedge. Zelonis points out that this illustrates how Kiley purposely contained the views within the boundaries of the property to avoid sightlines into neighboring yards. "This is an inward-looking site. Instead of capturing a panorama of distant mountains or water, the views here follow a lower plane, usually beneath the limbs of trees, skimming the tops of low hedges, or along an allée." The Miller family sold most of the art collection in 2008, including the Moore focal point, leaving a stunning vacancy. But Zelonis has since found photographs revealing that a simple travertine bench originally stood on this spot. The bench, he says, will return.
Miller garden, designed by Dan Kiley.
More typical challenges appear in the form of aging plantings, including a blight-afflicted row of Miller's favorite horse chestnuts, overgrown trees and hedges that obstruct sight lines, and spaces in which plants were replaced for reasons unknown. Zelonis and the other IMA curators are still in the research phase, which they will finish before proposing a preservation strategy. Simultaneously, Zelonis and others are seeking to match the initial $5 million endowment from the Irwin-Sweeney-Miller Foundation, for planning and restoration. For guidance, the IMA is forming a national advisory committee.
When the property opens, the IMA will manage access through guided tours, using shuttle buses from downtown Columbus. "A variance from the City of Columbus made this possible, and we want to keep the impact on the neighbors minimal," Zelonis says. Where the design is concerned, minimal is the watchword for the reigning modernist aesthetic. Kiley's New York Times obituary quoted Peter E. Walker, a nationally prominent landscape architect of the succeeding generation, who said of the Miller garden: "For many of us, that was where modernism began."
—Jane Roy Brown
Ellen Shipman Gardens, Restored (2018)
Southern Authors and Their Home Places: The Eudora Welty Garden and Rowan Oak, Mississippi (2017)
The Gardens of Ellen Biddle Shipman and the Restoration of the Cummer Museum Gardens (2017)
Rescuing Val Verde, Montecito, California (2017)
Jensen's Masterpiece on Lake St. Clair: Edsel & Eleanor Ford House, Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan (2017)
The James Rose Center for Landscape Architectural Research and Design: Maintaining Change Ridgewood, New Jersey (2016)
The Reynolda House Museum: LALH Book Guides Expansion / Winston-Salem, North Carolina (2015)
The Wormsloe Institute: Exploring the Landscape in Layers / Savannah, Georgia (2014)
John Nolen's Union Park Gardens: Where Neighborliness Abounds / Wilmington, Delaware (2014)
Landmark Recognition of Steele's Camden Amphitheatre: It Began with a Book / Camden, Maine (2013)
Boston's Charles River Esplanade (2013)
Olmsted and Vaux's Riverside: Pitching In To Preserve A Historic Landscape / Riverside, Illinois (2013)
Dancing into the Future: Dumbarton Oaks Park (2012)
A Buffalo Neighborhood Renews Its Olmsted Legacy (2012)
Indiana University's Woodland Campus (2012)
A Collaborative Masterwork on Lake St. Clair / Edsel & Eleanor Ford House (2011)
Planting Acorns for Lincoln / Lincoln Memorial Garden, Springfield, Illinois (2011)
Caring for a Modernist Masterpiece / The Irwin Miller Garden, Columbus, Indiana (2010)
Use and Beauty at the Mission House / Stockbridge, Massachusetts (2010)
Beauty Returns to Burnham Island / Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois (2010)
Can Pastoral Beauty Heal the Mind? / Northern State Hospital, Sedro-Woolley, Washington (2009)
Parsons Park Rebounds / St. Nicholas Park, New York City (2009)
Landscape Preservation on a Forest Scale / Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park, Woodstock, Vermont (2009)
Water, Time, and Vision at Stan Hywet (2008)
Dumbarton Oaks Library Treads Lightly on the Landscape (2008)
Naumkeag Extolled (2008)
New Life for Farrand's Last Garden / Garland Farm, Bar Harbor, Maine (2008)


text:
\section{1. Introduction}
There are many papers to study the topological and geometrical
effects of charged and neutral particles in the presence of
electromagnetic fields in their quantum dynamics. One well known
topological effect is the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect which shows
that a quantum charge circulating a magnetic flux line accumulates
a quantum topological phase and demonstrates the physical
significance of magnetic vector potential.\cite{AB} The effect can
be observed by using matter-wave interferometry. Another well
known quantum phase is the Aharonov-Casher (AC) phase acquired by
a neutral particle with a non-zero magnetic dipole moment,
circulating a straight line of charge \cite{AC}, which is a
non-dispersive quantum geometrical phase \cite{Badurek} and was
observed experimentally in a neutron interferometer \cite{Cimmino}
and in a neutral atomic Ramsey interferometer \cite{Sangster}. Its
Maxwell dual phase is the He-Mckellar-Wilkens (HMW) phase which
implies that a neutral particle with a non-zero electric dipole
moment moving around a line of magnetic monopoles would accumulate
a quantum phase.\cite{HMW} Wei, Han and Wei proposed a practical
experimental configuration to test this effect \cite{WHW}, and
Dowling et al proposed two other experimental schemes for it
\cite{Dowling}. Recently, another non-dispersive quantum
geometrical phase was proposed by Anandan. It describes that a
neutral particle with permanent electric dipole moment and
non-vanishing magnetic dipole moment in the presence of external
magnetic and electric fields in the relativistic and
non-relativistic case accumulates a
quantum phase.\cite{AnandanR}-\cite{Furtado} This phase is called the Anandan phase.\\

The interaction of the magnetic field with a charged particle in
two dimensions plays an important role in landau quantization and
quantum \emph{Hall effect}. Inspired by the work of Paredes
\emph{et al.}, proving the existence of anionic excitation in
rotating Bose-Einstein condensates \cite{Paredes}, Ericsson and
Sj$\ddot{o}$qvist used the AC interaction and developed an analog
of Landau quantization which provide the possibility of an atomic
quantum \emph{Hall effect} \cite{Ericsson}. Following these steps,
Ribeiro \emph{et al.} made use of the HMW interaction to generate
another analog of
Landau quantization.\cite{Ribeiro}\\

Recently, the study of physics effects on noncommutative (NC)
space and noncommutative phase space has attracted much
interest.\cite{SW}-\cite{nair} There are many researches in NC
quantum mechanics such as  the AB effect
\cite{Chaichian1}-\cite{klisd}, the AC effect \cite{Mirza,Mirza1},
the HMW effect \cite{Ribeiro,Dulat}, Landau levels
\cite{Horvathy1}-\cite{Gamboa}, quantum \emph{Hall effect}
\cite{Susskind}-\cite{Basu}, and so on. Unlike the case in usual
quantum mechanics, Passos \emph{et al.} have demonstrated that the
AC phase, the HMW phase and the Anandan phase are quantum
geometric dispersive phases on NC space and NC phase
space.\cite{Passos} They have also obtained noncommutative Landau
like quantization with the AC interaction and the HMW interaction
respectively.\cite{RibeiroE} In this letter, we will use the
Anandan interaction for another analog of Landau quantization in
the non-relativistic limit on commutative space (C), NC space and
NC phase space. Unlike the Landau like quantization of the AC
system and the HMW system, both torques of the Anandan system on
the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole don't vanish. We use
the coherent state method to give out the expressions of some
thermodynamic quantities related to revolution direction for the
free atom gas with the Anandan interaction and discuss the free
energy of the system on two particular cases of temperature on the
three spaces. By the description of atom orbits, we give the
relation between the value of $\sigma$ and revolution direction.
We find that Landau like levels of the Anandan system are
invariant and the levels between the AC system and the HMW system
are interchanged each other under Maxwell dual transformations on the three
spaces. We think the levels of the AC system and the HMW system
are similar under the same revolution direction which is different
from the point of Ribeiro \emph{et al.}\cite{Ribeiro} and analyze
their mistake from  the angles of revolution direction and Maxwell
duality. Some difference between commutative space and NC
situation is also discussed from the supersysmmetry
transformation. Some results from the Anandan system can be
restricted to the ones of the AC system and the HMW system.\\

This paper is organized as follows: In section 2 and 3 the Landau
like quantization of a neutral atom with permanent electric and
magnetic dipole moments in a special electromagnetic field on
commutative space and NC situation is studied. In section 4 some
thermodynamic properties of such free atom gas are studied and two
particular cases of temperature are discussed on commutative
space, NC space and NC phase space. Some results are restricted to
the AC system and the HMW system. In section 5 we study the
relation between the value of $\sigma$ and revolution direction by
the coherent state, discuss the levels of the Anandan system, the
AC system and the HMW system by Maxwell duality, and analyze the
mistake of Ribeiro \emph{et al.} by the angles of revolution
direction and Maxwell duality. In section 6, by super-symmetric study,  we
give out the difference of the system between commutative space
and NC situation. Finally, in section 7 we present our
conclusions.\\
\section{2. Landau levels analog for neutral atoms on commutative space}
In the non-relativistic limit, the Hamiltonian for a neutral
spin-half atom possessing a non-zero electric dipole moment
$\textbf{d}$ and a non-zero magnetic dipole moment $\textbf{u}$,
moving in an external electromagnetic fields, can be described by
the Anandan Hamiltonian \cite{Passos},
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H={1\over 2m}[\textbf{P}-c^{-2}(\textbf{u}\times
\textbf{E})+c^{-2}(\textbf{d}\times
\textbf{B})]^2-\frac{u\hbar}{2mc^2}\nabla\cdot
\textbf{E}+\frac{d\hbar}{2mc^2}\nabla\cdot \textbf{B}
\end{array}\end{equation}
where the terms of $O(E^2)$ and $O(B^2)$ are neglected.
Considering the quantum dynamics of a particle, the Hamiltonian in
fact contains two other physical situations, the AC effect
($u\neq0$ and $d=0$) and the HMW effect ($u=0$ and $d\neq0$). In
the present problem, the kinematic momentum is
$\Pi=-i\hbar\nabla-c^{-2}(\textbf{u}\times
\textbf{E})+c^{-2}(\textbf{d}\times \textbf{B})$ and the Anandan
vector potential is defined as $\textbf{A}=(\textbf{u}\times
\textbf{E})-(\textbf{d}\times \textbf{B})$. Thus the associated
field strength is $\textbf{B}_{eff}=\nabla\times \textbf{A}$. Here
we consider the atom moves in the $x-y$ plane, and its magnetic
dipole moment as well as electric dipole moment are in the
$z-$direction. At the same time, the electric field configuration
$E=\frac{\rho_e}{2}r\hat{e}_\phi$ and the magnetic field
configuration $B=\frac{\rho_m}{2}r\hat{e}_\phi$ mentioned in
Ref.\cite{Ribeiro} are still used. Obviously, $\textbf{B}_{eff}$
is uniform and the conditions for electrostatics and
magnetostatics are satisfied. But unlike the cases of Landau
analogous quantization with the AC interaction and the HMW
interaction, both torques on the magnetic dipole and the electric
dipole don't vanish, because the atom with momentum
$\langle\Pi\rangle$ sees an effective magnetic field
$\textbf{B}'\cong \textbf{B}+\textbf{v}\times \textbf{E}/c$ and an
effective electric field $\textbf{E}'\cong
\textbf{E}-\textbf{v}\times \textbf{B}/c$ in its own reference
frame. The Hamiltonian (1) in such dipole-field configuration can
be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H=\frac{1}{2m}[(p_{x}+\frac{u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{2c^2}y)\hat{\textbf{e}}_{x}+(p_{y}-\frac{u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{2c^2}x)\hat{\textbf{e}}_{y}]^2-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2}
\end{array}\end{equation}
Further, the Hamiltonian can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H=\frac{1}{2m}({p_x}^2+{p_y}^2)+\frac{1}{8}m\omega^2(x^2+y^2)+\frac{\omega}{2}(p_xy-p_yx)-\frac{\omega\hbar}{2}
\end{array}\end{equation}
with the cyclotron frequency $\omega=\sigma\frac{\mid
u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}\mid}{mc^2}=\frac{ u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{mc^2}$
where $\sigma=\pm1$. Thus, the cyclotron frequencies of the AC
system and the HMW system are $\omega_{AC}=\sigma\frac{\mid
u\rho_{e}\mid}{mc^2}=\frac{ u\rho_{e}}{mc^2}$ and
$\omega_{HMW}=\sigma\frac{\mid d\rho_{m}\mid}{mc^2}=\frac{
-d\rho_{m}}{mc^2}$, respectively. If we introduce the operators,
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
a_x=\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over 8\hbar}(x+{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over
m|\omega|})-i\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over 8\hbar}(y+{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over
m|\omega|}),\hspace{2cm} a^+_x=\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over 8\hbar}(x-{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over m|\omega|})+i\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over 8\hbar}(y-{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over m|\omega|}),                         \\~~\\
a_y=i\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over 8\hbar}(x+{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over
m|\omega|})-\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over 8\hbar}(y+{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over
m|\omega|}),\hspace{2cm} a^+_y=-i\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over
8\hbar}(x-{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over m|\omega|})-\sqrt{{m|\omega|}\over
8\hbar}(y-{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over m|\omega|}),\\
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where they satisfy Heisenberg algebraic relations
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
~&~[{a}_i, {a}_j]=0,~[{a}_i^+, {a}_j^+]=0,[{a}_i,
{a}_j^+]=\delta_{ij},\hspace{0.5cm}i,j=x,y,
\end{array}
\end{equation}
the Hamiltonian becomes
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
H=\frac{\hbar|\omega|}{2}({a}^+_x{a}_x+{a}^+_y{a}_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\omega|}{2}({a}^+_y{a}_y-{a}^+_x{a}_x)-\frac{\sigma|\omega|\hbar}{2}.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Therefore, the eigenvalues of $H$ are
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
E_{n_x,n_y}=\frac{\hbar|\omega|}{2}(n_x+n_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\omega|}{2}(n_y-n_x)-\frac{\sigma|\omega|\hbar}{2},
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where non-negative integers ${n}_x,{n}_y$ are the eigenvalues of
the number operators $a^+_xa_x$, $a^+_ya_y$, respectively. The
corresponding eigenstates are
\begin{equation}
|{n}_x,{n}_y \rangle={1\over
\sqrt{{{n}_x}!{{n}_y!}}}({a^+_x})^{{n}_x}({a^+_y})^{{n}_y}| 0,0
\rangle,\label{h1}
\end{equation}
where $| 0,0 \rangle$ is the vacuum of $H$. Thus, the levels for
the AC system and the HMW system are
\begin{equation}
E^{AC}_{n_x,n_y}=\frac{\hbar|\omega_{AC}|}{2}(n_x+n_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\omega_{AC}|}{2}(n_y-n_x)-\frac{\sigma|\omega_{AC}|\hbar}{2}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
E^{HMW}_{n_x,n_y}=\frac{\hbar|\omega_{HMW}|}{2}(n_x+n_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\omega_{HMW}|}{2}(n_y-n_x)-\frac{\sigma|\omega_{HMW}|\hbar}{2}
\end{equation}
respectively.
\section{3. Landau levels analog for neutral atoms on NC phase space and NC space}
In order to maintain the Bose-Einstein statistics in NC quantum
mechanics, non-commutativity of both space-space and
momentum-momentum may be necessary.\cite{nair} We need to consider
physical problems on this space, NC phase space, where the
coordinates $\hat{x}_i$ and momentums $\hat{p}_i$ satisfy the
following relations:
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:nmr}
 \begin{array}{l}
~[\hat{x}_{i},\hat{x}_{j}]=i\Theta_{ij}, \hspace{1cm}
[\hat{p}_{i},\hat{p}_{j}]=i\bar{\Theta}_{ij},\hspace{1cm}
[\hat{x}_{i},\hat{p}_{j}]=i \hbar\delta_{ij},
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where the elements of the antisymmetric matrices $\{\Theta_{ij}\}$
and $\{\bar{\Theta}_{ij}\}$ are very small and represent
space-space non-commutativity and momentum-momentum
non-commutativity. The static Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation on NC
phase space is usually expressed as
\begin{equation}\label{h1}
 H(x,p)\ast\psi = E\psi,
\end{equation}
where $H(x,p)$ is the Hamiltonian of the usual quantum system and
a star product (Moyal-Weyl product) is defined by
\begin{equation}
(f  \ast g)(x,p) = e^{ \frac{i}{2\alpha^2}
 \Theta_{ij} \partial_i^x \partial_j^x+\frac{i}{2\alpha^2}\bar{\Theta}_{ij} \partial_i^p
 \partial_j^p}
 f(x,p)g(x,p)  = f(x,p)g(x,p)
 + \frac{i}{2\alpha^2}\Theta_{ij} \partial_i^x f \partial_j^x g\big|_{x_i=x_j}
 + \frac{i}{2\alpha^2}\bar{\Theta}_{ij} \partial_i^p f \partial_j^p g\big|_{p_i=p_j}.
\end{equation}
By replacing the star product by the general ordinary product and
shifting coordinates ${x_i}$ and momentums ${p_i}$ with
\cite{{CFZ}}
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
 {x}_{i}~\longrightarrow~\hat{x}_{i}&= \alpha x_{i}-\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\Theta_{ij}p_{j},\\
 ~&~\\
 {x}_{i}~\longrightarrow~\hat{p}_{i}&=\alpha p_{i}+\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\bar{\Theta}_{ij}x_{j},
\end{array}
\end{equation}
the Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation can be written as
\begin{equation}\label{GBShift}
H( \alpha x_{i}-\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\Theta_{ij}p_{j}, ~ \alpha
p_{i}+\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\bar{\Theta}_{ij}x_{j})\psi = E\psi.
\end{equation}
Here $\alpha$ is a scaling constant related to the
non-commutativity of phase space and satisfies the relation
$\theta\bar{\theta}=4\alpha^2(1-\alpha^2)$\cite{Likang}. So the
Hamiltonian of the system on NC phase space can be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H=\frac{1}{2m}[((\alpha
p_{x}+\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\bar{\theta}y)+\frac{u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{2c^2}(\alpha
y+\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\theta
p_{x}))\hat{\textbf{e}}_{x}+((\alpha
p_{y}-\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\bar{\theta}x)-\frac{u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{2c^2}(\alpha
x-\frac{1}{2\hbar\alpha}\theta
p_{y}))\hat{\textbf{e}}_{y}]^2-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2},\end{array}\end{equation}
where we set $\Theta_{xy}=\theta$ and
$\bar{\Theta}_{xy}=\bar{\theta}$. After organization, the
Hamiltonian can be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H=\frac{1}{2M}({p_x}^2+{p_y}^2)+\frac{1}{8}M\bar{\omega}^2(x^2+y^2)+\frac{\bar{\omega}}{2}(p_xy-p_yx)-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2}
\end{array}\end{equation}
where the modified mass is
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
M=m(\alpha+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})^{-2}
\end{array}\end{equation}
and the modified cyclotron frequency is
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
\bar{\omega}=\frac{2\sigma}{m}\mid(\alpha+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})(\frac{\bar{\theta}}{2\alpha\hbar
}+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\alpha}{2c^2})\mid=\frac{2}{m}(\alpha+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})(\frac{\bar{\theta}}{2\alpha\hbar
}+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\alpha}{2c^2}).
\end{array}\end{equation}
For the AC system and the HMW system, the modified masses and
cyclotron frequencies are
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
M_{AC}=m(\alpha+\frac{u\rho_{e}\theta}{4\alpha\hbar c^2})^{-2},
\hspace{1cm}
\bar{\omega}_{AC}=\frac{2\sigma}{m}\mid(\alpha+\frac{u\rho_{e}\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})(\frac{\bar{\theta}}{2\alpha\hbar
}+\frac{u\rho_{e}\alpha}{2c^2})\mid=\frac{2}{m}(\alpha+\frac{u\rho_{e}\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})(\frac{\bar{\theta}}{2\alpha\hbar
}+\frac{u\rho_{e}\alpha}{2c^2})
\end{array}\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
\hspace{1cm}M_{HMW}=m(\alpha-\frac{d\rho_{m}\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})^{-2}, \hspace{0.5cm}
\bar{\omega}_{HMW}=\frac{2\sigma}{m}\mid(\alpha-\frac{d\rho_{m}\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})(\frac{\bar{\theta}}{2\alpha\hbar
}-\frac{d\rho_{m}\alpha}{2c^2})\mid=\frac{2}{m}(\alpha-\frac{d\rho_{m}\theta}{4\alpha\hbar
c^2})(\frac{\bar{\theta}}{2\alpha\hbar
}-\frac{d\rho_{m}\alpha}{2c^2}).
\end{array}\end{equation}
Similarly we can define the creation and annihilation operators as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
\bar{a}_x=\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over
8\hbar}(x+{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over
M|\bar{\omega}|})-i\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over
8\hbar}(y+{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over
M|\bar{\omega}|}),\hspace{2cm} \bar{a}^+_x=\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over 8\hbar}(x-{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over M|\bar{\omega}|})+i\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over 8\hbar}(y-{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over M|\bar{\omega}|}),                         \\~~\\
\bar{a}_y=i\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over
8\hbar}(x+{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over
M|\bar{\omega}|})-\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over
8\hbar}(y+{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over M|\bar{\omega}|}),\hspace{2cm}
\bar{\bar{a}}^+_y=-i\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over
8\hbar}(x-{{2\emph{i}p_x}\over
M|\bar{\omega}|})-\sqrt{{M|\bar{\omega}|}\over
8\hbar}(y-{{2\emph{i}p_y}\over M|\bar{\omega}|}).\\
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Thus, the Hamiltonian on NC phase space becomes the following form
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
H=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2}({\bar{a}}^+_x{\bar{a}}_x+{\bar{a}}^+_y{\bar{a}}_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}|}{2}({\bar{a}}^+_y{\bar{a}}_y-{\bar{a}}^+_x{\bar{a}}_x)-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2}.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates are
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
E_{\bar{n}_x,\bar{n}_y}=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2}(\bar{n}_x+\bar{n}_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}|}{2}(\bar{n}_y-\bar{n}_x)-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2}
\end{array}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
|{\bar{n}}_x,{\bar{n}}_y \rangle={1\over
\sqrt{{{\bar{n}}_x}!{{\bar{n}}_y!}}}({\bar{a}^+_x})^{{\bar{n}}_x}({\bar{a}^+_y})^{{\bar{n}}_y}|
0,0 \rangle.\label{h1}
\end{equation}
The levels for the AC system and the HMW system are
\begin{equation}
E^{AC}_{\bar{n}_x,\bar{n}_y}=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}{2}(\bar{n}_x+\bar{n}_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}{2}(\bar{n}_y-\bar{n}_x)-\frac{u\rho_{e}\hbar}{2mc^2}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
E^{HMW}_{\bar{n}_x,\bar{n}_y}=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}{2}(\bar{n}_x+\bar{n}_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}{2}(\bar{n}_y-\bar{n}_x)+\frac{d\rho_{m}\hbar}{2mc^2}.
\end{equation}
When $\bar{\theta}=0$, it leads $\alpha =1$\cite{Likang} and the
phase space becomes the NC space where only momentum-momentum is
commutative. The energy eigenvalues (24), (26) and (27) become
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
E_{\bar{n}'_x,\bar{n}'_y}=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}'|}{2}(\bar{n}'_x+\bar{n}'_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}'|}{2}(\bar{n}'_y-\bar{n}'_x)-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2},
\end{array}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
E^{AC}_{\bar{n}'_x,\bar{n}'_y}=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}'_{AC}|}{2}(\bar{n}'_x+\bar{n}'_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}'_{AC}|}{2}(\bar{n}'_y-\bar{n}'_x)-\frac{u\rho_{e}\hbar}{2mc^2},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
E^{HMW}_{\bar{n}'_x,\bar{n}'_y}=\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}'_{HMW}|}{2}(\bar{n}'_x+\bar{n}'_y+1)+\frac{\hbar\sigma|\bar{\omega}'_{HMW}|}{2}(\bar{n}'_y-\bar{n}'_x)+\frac{d\rho_{m}\hbar}{2mc^2},
\end{equation}
respectively. Here
\begin{equation}
\bar{\omega}'=\frac{\sigma}{mc^2}|(1+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}{4\hbar
c^2})(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})|=\frac{1}{mc^2}(1+\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}{4\hbar
c^2})(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}),
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\bar{\omega}'_{AC}=\frac{\sigma}{mc^2}|(1+\frac{u\rho_{e}\theta}{4\hbar
c^2})u\rho_{e}|=\frac{u\rho_{e}}{mc^2}(1+\frac{u\rho_{e}\theta}{4\hbar
c^2}),
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\bar{\omega}'_{HMW}=\frac{\sigma}{mc^2}|(1-\frac{d\rho_{m}\theta}{4\hbar
c^2})d\rho_{m}|=-\frac{d\rho_{m}}{mc^2}(1-\frac{d\rho_{m}\theta}{4\hbar
c^2}).
\end{equation}
When $\theta=\bar{\theta}=0$, the results return to the cases of
general quantum mechanics (7), (9) and (10).
\section{4. thermodynamics on NC situation}
Up to now, we can obtain Landau like levels of the Anandan system
for a given $\sigma$ on commutative space, NC space and NC phase
space. Glauber has discussed the coherent states of a harmonic
oscillator in detail.\cite{Glauber} Using the coherent state
method, we can know the quantum information of the system. Like
free electron gas related to Landau problems, we will study some
thermodynamical properties of such free atom gas with Anandan
interaction. The normalized coherent state of the system on NC
phase space is defined as
\begin{equation}
|z_x,z_y \rangle=Exp[-{1\over
2}(|z_x|^2+|z_y|^2)]Exp[z_x\bar{a}^+_x+z_y\bar{a}^+_y] |0,0
\rangle
\end{equation}
where $z_x$, $z_y$ are complex parameters. The mean coordinates of
the state $|z_x,z_y \rangle$ related to $\sigma$ is given by
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:Rep.4}
 \begin{array}{ll}
\bar{r}_{\sigma=-1}=(Re[Az_x^*(t)+B(-i z_y)], Im[Az_x^*(t)+B(-i
z_y)]) ,\\~~\\ \bar{r}_{\sigma=1}=(Re[Az_x^*+B(-i z_y(t))],
Im[Az_x^*+B(-i z_y(t))]),
\\
\end{array}\end{equation}
where $A=\alpha \sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}}-\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}{2\hbar}}$, $B=\alpha \sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}}+\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M{|\bar{\omega}|}}{2\hbar}}$
and $z_x^*(t)=z_x^*e^{i|\bar{\omega}|t}$,
$z_y(t)=z_ye^{-i|\bar{\omega}|t}$. Here we consider a
two-dimensional system with radius $R\gg A,B$. The partition
function of the system on NC phase space is
$Z=Tre^{-\frac{H}{kT}}$ in the standard way. For $\sigma=-1$ the
partition function can be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
Z=\frac{1}{\pi^2}\int d^2z_x d^2z_y \langle z_x,z_y
|e^{-\frac{1}{kT}[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2}(2{\bar{a}}^+_x{\bar{a}}_x+1)-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2}]}|z_x,z_y
\rangle\\~~\\
~~=\frac{4}{A^2}e^{-\frac{1}{kT}(\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2}-\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2})}
\int
|z'_x||z_y|Exp[|\frac{z'_x}{{A}}|^2(e^{-\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{kT}}-1
)]d|z'_x|d|z_y|
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Like Ref.\cite{Albert}, we exclude the coherent states with the
mean coordinates outside the size and sum over the other states.
Because $R\gg A,B$ and the exponential falls off rapidly with
$|z'_y|$, we can integrate $|z'_y|$ from zero to infinity safely.
The result is
\begin{equation}
Z=\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}}+\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}. \label{h1}
\end{equation}
So for $\sigma=-1$ the free energy of the system is
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F=-nkTlnZ=-nkTln[\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}}+\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}].
\end{array}
\end{equation}
By using the same way, we can obtain the free energy for
$\sigma=1$
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F=-nkTln[\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}}-\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M
{|\bar{\omega}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}].
\end{array}
\end{equation}
If we set $u\neq0$ and $d=0$, we can obtain the free energy of the
AC system on NC phase space,
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F=-nkTln[\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{u\rho_{e}\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M_{AC}
{|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}}}+\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M_{AC}
{|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}] ~~~~~~ for~~\sigma=-1,
\end{array}
\end{equation}and
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F=-nkTln[\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{u\rho_{e}\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M_{AC}
{|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}}}-\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M_{AC}
{|\bar{\omega}_{AC}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}] ~~~~~~for~~ \sigma=1.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
If we set $u=0$ and $d\neq0$, we can obtain the free energy of the
HMW system on NC phase space,
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F=-nkTln[\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{-d\rho_{m}\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M_{HMW}
{|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}}}+\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M_{HMW}
{|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}] ~~~~~~ for~~\sigma=-1,
\end{array}
\end{equation}and
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F=-nkTln[\frac{R^2}{2Sinh[\frac{\hbar|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}{2kT}]}\frac{e^{\frac{-d\rho_{m}\hbar}{2mc^2kT}}}{(\alpha
\sqrt{\frac{2\hbar}{M_{HMW}
{|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}}}-\frac{\theta}{2\alpha}\sqrt{\frac{M_{HMW}
{|\bar{\omega}_{HMW}|}}{2\hbar}})^2}] ~~~~~~for~~ \sigma=1.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Further, by restricting $\theta$, $\bar{\theta}$, we can obtain
the free energies on NC space and commutative space for the
Anandan system, the AC system and the HMW system.

\textbf{(1). High Temperature Approximation}\\

For the Anandan system where $|u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}|$ is not very
small, the free energy for $\sigma=-1$ on NC phase space can be
expressed by
\begin{equation}
F_{-1}=F_{-1}^0+F_{-1}^\theta+F_{-1}^{\bar{\theta}}\\
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}^0=-nkTln[\frac{mR^2|\omega|e^{-\frac{\hbar|\omega|}{2kT}}Csch[\frac{\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2}{2kT}]}{4\hbar\alpha^2}],\\~~~\\
F_{-1}^\theta=\frac{kmnT|\omega|\theta}{4\hbar\alpha^2}-\frac{1}{8}Coth[\frac{\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2}{2kT}]mn|\omega|^2\theta,\\~~\\
F_{-1}^{\bar{\theta}}=\frac{knT\bar{\theta}}{\hbar
m|\omega|\alpha^2}-\frac{Coth[\frac{\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2}{2kT}]n
\bar{\theta}}{2m}.\\
\end{array}
\end{equation}
In the calculation, we only consider the first order modification
from space-space non-commutativity and momentum-momentum
non-commutativity and ignore the interaction between them.
Similarly, we can obtain for $\sigma=1$
\begin{equation}
F_{1}=F_{1}^0+F_{1}^\theta+F_{1}^{\bar{\theta}}\\
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{1}^0=-nkTln[\frac{mR^2|\omega|e^{\frac{\hbar|\omega|}{2kT}}Csch[\frac{\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2}{2kT}]}{4\hbar\alpha^2}],\\~~~\\
F_{1}^\theta=-\frac{kmnT|\omega|\theta}{4\hbar\alpha^2}+\frac{1}{8}Coth[\frac{\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2}{2kT}]mn|\omega|^2\theta,\\~~\\
F_{1}^{\bar{\theta}}=-\frac{knT\bar{\theta}}{\hbar
m|\omega|\alpha^2}+\frac{Coth[\frac{\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2}{2kT}]n
\bar{\theta}}{2m}.\\
\end{array}
\end{equation}
In high temperature approximation, the free energy on NC phase
space is
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}=Tkn(ln[\frac{1}{T}]-ln[\frac{kmR^2}{2\hbar^2\alpha^4}])+\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{1}{T}(\frac{n\hbar^2|\omega|^2\alpha^4}{24k}-\frac{\hbar
mn|\omega|^3\alpha^2\theta}{48k}-\frac{n\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2\bar{\theta}}{12km}),\\~~\\
F_{1}=Tkn(ln[\frac{1}{T}]-ln[\frac{kmR^2}{2\hbar^2\alpha^4}])-\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{1}{T}(\frac{n\hbar^2|\omega|^2\alpha^4}{24k}+\frac{\hbar
mn|\omega|^3\alpha^2\theta}{48k}+\frac{n\hbar|\omega|\alpha^2\bar{\theta}}{12km}).
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Further, if we restrict the values $\theta$, $\bar{\theta}$ and
$\alpha$, we can get the free energies on NC space and commutative
space, respectively,
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}^{NC
~Space}=Tkn(ln[\frac{1}{T}]-ln[\frac{kmR^2}{2\hbar^2}])+\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{1}{T}(\frac{n\hbar^2|\omega|^2}{24k}-\frac{\hbar
mn|\omega|^3\theta}{48k}),\\~~\\
F_{1}^{NC
~Space}=Tkn(ln[\frac{1}{T}]-ln[\frac{kmR^2}{2\hbar^2}])-\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{1}{T}(\frac{n\hbar^2|\omega|^2}{24k}+\frac{\hbar
mn|\omega|^3\theta}{48k})
\end{array}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}^{C
~Space}=Tkn(ln[\frac{1}{T}]-ln[\frac{kmR^2}{2\hbar^2}])+\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{1}{T}\frac{n\hbar^2|\omega|^2}{24k},\\~~\\
F_{1}^{C
~Space}=Tkn(ln[\frac{1}{T}]-ln[\frac{kmR^2}{2\hbar^2}])-\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{1}{T}\frac{n\hbar^2|\omega|^2}{24k}
\end{array}
\end{equation}

\textbf{(2). Zero Temperature Limit}\\

According to Eqs. (38)and(39), if we consider $T\rightarrow0$, we
will find the free energy on NC phase space is
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}\rightarrow\frac{\hbar n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|\alpha^2}{2}-\frac{1}{8}mn|\omega|^2\theta-\frac{n\bar{\theta}}{2m},\\~~\\
F_{1}\rightarrow-\frac{\hbar n|\omega|}{2}+\frac{\hbar
n|\omega|\alpha^2}{2}+\frac{1}{8}mn|\omega|^2\theta+\frac{n\bar{\theta}}{2m}.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
The results on NC space and commutative space are
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}^{NC
~Space}\rightarrow\hbar n|\omega|-\frac{1}{8}mn|\omega|^2\theta,\\~~\\
F_{1}^{NC ~Space}\rightarrow\frac{1}{8}mn|\omega|^2\theta
\end{array}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
F_{-1}^{C
~Space}\rightarrow\hbar n|\omega|,\\~~\\
F_{1}^{C ~Space}\rightarrow0.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Here we emphasize the two points for the two particular cases of
the temperature. (i)The free energy of the Anandan system can be
restricted to the expressions of the AC system and the HMW system
by making the replacement $|\omega|\rightarrow|\omega_{AC}|$ and
$|\omega|\rightarrow|\omega_{HMW}|$ respectively; (ii) For a given
$\sigma$, the free energies have some difference among NC phase
space, NC space and commutative space which may provide some clues
to verify the presence of NC situation in future. For example, the
free energy tends to zero for $\sigma=1$ on commutative space in
zero temperature limit, but this phenomenon doesn't occur on NC
situation. \\
\section{5. revolution direction and Maxwell duality}
As we know, a coherent state represents a way that is as close  as
possible to classical localization. In the sections above. we
introduced the sign $\sigma$ which describes the revolution
direction  of the corresponding classical motion in fact. Here we
use the most classical quantum state, the coherent state, to
clearly catch the revolution direction $\sigma$. The mean
coordinates of the state $|z_x,z_y \rangle$ related to $\sigma$ is
given by Eq.(35). For $\sigma=-1$, the wave packet centroid of the
coherent state $|z_x,z_y \rangle$ moves anticlockwise with the
radius $|Az_x^*|$ and the frequency $|\bar{\omega}|$. For
$\sigma=1$, it moves clockwise with the radius  $|Bz_y|$and the
same frequency $|\bar{\omega}|$. So here $\sigma=-1$ describes
anticlockwise revolution and $\sigma=1$ describes clockwise
revolution, which is all right for the Anandan system, the AC
system and the HMW system on commutative space, NC
space and NC phase space.\\

On any given space among commutative space, NC space and NC phase
space, for a given revolution direction, Landau like levels of the
Anandan system are invariant and the levels between the AC system
and the HMW system become each other under Maxwell dual
transformations,
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
\rho_e\rightarrow\rho_m,~~~d\rightarrow u,\\
\rho_m\rightarrow-\rho_e,~~~u\rightarrow -d.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
This result can be explained by the invariance of the Anandan
Hamiltonian and the interchangeablity between the AC Hamiltonian
and the HMW Hamiltonian under Maxwell dual transformations on the
corresponding space. Thus Landau like levels of the AC system and
the HMW system are similar under the same revolution direction. In
Ref.\cite{Ribeiro}, Ribeiro \emph{et al.} think that Landau like
levels of the HMW system have the same form as the levels of the
AC system with the opposite direction. But that's not true. For
example, in terms of their paper, the AC system ($u\rho_e>0$)  and
the HMW system ($d\rho_m<0$) should have the same form of the
levels and opposite directions. But in fact the cases of
$u\rho_e>0$ and $d\rho_m<0$ describe the same revolution direction
as shown in the movement of the wave packet centroid of the
coherent state $|z_x,z_y \rangle$ for $\sigma=1$ above. The reason
of the mistake is that the definition of the cyclotron frequencies
in their paper break Maxwell duality. However, in our paper, the
cyclotron frequencies $\omega_{AC}=\sigma\frac{\mid
u\rho_{e}\mid}{mc^2}=\frac{ u\rho_{e}}{mc^2}$ and
$\omega_{HMW}=\sigma\frac{\mid d\rho_{m}\mid}{mc^2}=\frac{
-d\rho_{m}}{mc^2}$ will change each
other under Maxwell dual transformations.\\
\section{6. supersymmetry}
Now, we have known landau like levels of the Anandan system on
commutative space, NC space and NC phase space can be all divided
into two classes labelled by  the revolution direction $\sigma$.
In this section we will utilize supersymmetry to study the
difference of the system between commutative space and NC
situation by transforming the Hamiltonian (16) again. We introduce
the new annihilation and creation operators
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
\hat{b'}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2M\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}}(\prod_x+i\sigma\prod_y),\\
\hat{b'}^+=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2M\hbar|\bar{\omega}|}}(\prod_x-i\sigma\prod_y),
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where
$\prod_x=p_x+\frac{2c^2\bar{\theta}+2\alpha^2\hbar(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})}{4\alpha^2\hbar
c^2+(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}y$ and
$\prod_y=p_y-\frac{2c^2\bar{\theta}+2\alpha^2\hbar(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})}{4\alpha^2\hbar
c^2+(u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m})\theta}x$. Thus the Hamiltonian (16) can
be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H=\hbar|\bar{\omega}|(\hat{b'}^+\hat{b'}+\frac{1}{2})-\frac{\hbar\sigma|\omega|}{2}.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
On commutative space, $|\bar{\omega}|$ becomes $|\omega|$, and
$\hat{b'}$ becomes $\hat{b}$ where
$\hat{b}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2m\hbar|\omega|}}(p_x+\frac{u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{2
c^2}y+i\sigma p_y-i\sigma\frac{u\rho_{e}-d\rho_{m}}{2 c^2}x)$. So
the Hamiltonian on this space is
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
H_C=\hbar|\omega|(\hat{b}^+\hat{b}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sigma}{2}).
\end{array}
\end{equation}
Here we introduce fermionic annihilation and creation operators
$\hat{d}$, $\hat{d}^+$ and suppose the eigenvalue of
$[\hat{d},\hat{d}^+]$ is $\sigma$. Thus the Hamiltonian $H_C$ can
be expressed as
$H_C=\hbar|\omega|(\hat{b}^+\hat{b}+\hat{d}^+\hat{d})$. The
supercharge can be defined as
\begin{equation}
Q=\sqrt{\hbar|\omega|}\hat{b}\hat{d}^+
\end{equation}
which together with the Hamiltonian $H_C$ close the surperalgebra
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
Q^2=(Q^+)^2=0,~~~~~~~H_C=\{Q,~Q^+\}.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
The extended Fock states can be defined as $|n_b, n_d,
\kappa\rangle$ where $n_b$, $n_d$ are the eigenvalues of the
number operators $\hat{b}^+\hat{b}$, $\hat{d}^+\hat{d}$ and
$\kappa$ is a good quantum number. These eigenstates can be
related by the good supersymmetry transformation
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
|n_b-1, 1, \kappa\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{E_{n_b}}}Q|n_b, 0,
\kappa\rangle,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|n_b+1, 0,
\kappa\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{E_{n_b+1}}}Q^+|n_b, 1,
\kappa\rangle\\
\end{array}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:Rep.4}
\begin{array}{ll}
Q|0, 0, \kappa\rangle=Q^+|0, 0, \kappa\rangle=0,
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where $E_{n_b}$ is the energy eigenvalues of the states $|n_b, 0,
\kappa\rangle$, $|n_b-1, 1, \kappa\rangle$ and $E_{n_b+1}$ is the
ones of the states $|n_b, 1, \kappa\rangle$, $|n_b+1, 0,
\kappa\rangle$. According to the Hamiltonian (56), the energy
eigenvalues on NC phase space is
\begin{equation}
E_{n',\sigma}=\hbar|\bar{\omega}|(n'+\frac{1}{2})-\frac{\hbar\sigma|\omega|}{2}
\end{equation}
where $n'$ is the eigenvalue of the number operator
$\hat{b'}^+\hat{b'}$. And the corresponding eigenstates are
$|n',\kappa' \rangle_\sigma$ where $\kappa'$ is a good quantum
number. Obviously, for different $\sigma$, the energy eigenvalues
are not equal, that is, $E_{n'_1,1}\neq E_{n'_2,-1}$. Thus the two
sets of eigenstates labelled by $\sigma$ can not be related by a
supersymmetry transformation on NC phase space. The phenomenon
also exists on NC space. The difference resulted from
supersymmetry between commutative space and NC situation also
occurs for the AC system and the HMW system.\\
\section{6. Conclusion}
In this letter we study the Anandan system in a special
electromagnetic field, where we find unlike the cases of the AC
system and the HMW system the torques on the magnetic dipole and
the electric dipole don't vanish. We obtain the Landau analog
levels and eigenstates on commutative space, NC space and NC phase
space. We study some statistical properties of such free atom gas
with the Anandan interaction and present the expressions of some
thermodynamic quantities related to revolution direction. Some
simple formulae of the free energy in two cases of temperature on
the three spaces are also obtained. Some difference of the free
energy among NC phase space, NC space and commutative space may
provide us some clues to verify the presence of NC situation in
future. The relation between the value of $\sigma$ and revolution
direction is presented clearly. We find Landau like levels of the
Anandan system are invariant and the levels between the AC system
and the HMW system become each other under Maxwell dual
transformations on the three spaces. And point the mistake of
Ribeiro \emph{et al.}, Landau like levels of the HMW system have
the same form as the levels of the AC system with the opposite
direction. We find the two sets of eigenstates labelled by
$\sigma$ can be related by a supersymmetry transformation on
commutative space, but the phenomenon don't occur on NC situation.
Some results relevant to the AC system and the HMW system are also
obtained by restricting the magnetic dipole and the electric
dipole.\\

\textbf{Acknowledgments:} This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10875035),
 and  Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y6110470),

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
#include "webrtc/base/bytebuffer.h"

#include <string.h>

#include <algorithm>

#include "webrtc/base/basictypes.h"
#include "webrtc/base/byteorder.h"

namespace rtc {

static const int DEFAULT_SIZE = 4096;

ByteBufferWriter::ByteBufferWriter()
    : ByteBuffer(ORDER_NETWORK) {
  Construct(nullptr, DEFAULT_SIZE);
}

ByteBufferWriter::ByteBufferWriter(ByteOrder byte_order)
    : ByteBuffer(byte_order) {
  Construct(nullptr, DEFAULT_SIZE);
}

ByteBufferWriter::ByteBufferWriter(const char* bytes, size_t len)
    : ByteBuffer(ORDER_NETWORK) {
  Construct(bytes, len);
}

ByteBufferWriter::ByteBufferWriter(const char* bytes, size_t len,
                                   ByteOrder byte_order)
    : ByteBuffer(byte_order) {
  Construct(bytes, len);
}

void ByteBufferWriter::Construct(const char* bytes, size_t len) {
  size_ = len;
  bytes_ = new char[size_];

  if (bytes) {
    end_ = len;
    memcpy(bytes_, bytes, end_);
  } else {
    end_ = 0;
  }
}

ByteBufferWriter::~ByteBufferWriter() {
  delete[] bytes_;
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteUInt8(uint8_t val) {
  WriteBytes(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), 1);
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteUInt16(uint16_t val) {
  uint16_t v = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? HostToNetwork16(val) : val;
  WriteBytes(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&v), 2);
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteUInt24(uint32_t val) {
  uint32_t v = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? HostToNetwork32(val) : val;
  char* start = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v);
  if (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK || IsHostBigEndian()) {
    ++start;
  }
  WriteBytes(start, 3);
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteUInt32(uint32_t val) {
  uint32_t v = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? HostToNetwork32(val) : val;
  WriteBytes(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&v), 4);
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteUInt64(uint64_t val) {
  uint64_t v = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? HostToNetwork64(val) : val;
  WriteBytes(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&v), 8);
}

// Serializes an unsigned varint in the format described by
// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding#varints
// with the caveat that integers are 64-bit, not 128-bit.
void ByteBufferWriter::WriteUVarint(uint64_t val) {
  while (val >= 0x80) {
    // Write 7 bits at a time, then set the msb to a continuation byte (msb=1).
    char byte = static_cast<char>(val) | 0x80;
    WriteBytes(&byte, 1);
    val >>= 7;
  }
  char last_byte = static_cast<char>(val);
  WriteBytes(&last_byte, 1);
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteString(const std::string& val) {
  WriteBytes(val.c_str(), val.size());
}

void ByteBufferWriter::WriteBytes(const char* val, size_t len) {
  memcpy(ReserveWriteBuffer(len), val, len);
}

char* ByteBufferWriter::ReserveWriteBuffer(size_t len) {
  if (Length() + len > Capacity())
    Resize(Length() + len);

  char* start = bytes_ + end_;
  end_ += len;
  return start;
}

void ByteBufferWriter::Resize(size_t size) {
  size_t len = std::min(end_, size);
  if (size > size_) {
    // Reallocate a larger buffer.
    size_ = std::max(size, 3 * size_ / 2);
    char* new_bytes = new char[size_];
    memcpy(new_bytes, bytes_, len);
    delete [] bytes_;
    bytes_ = new_bytes;
  }
  end_ = len;
}

void ByteBufferWriter::Clear() {
  memset(bytes_, 0, size_);
  end_ = 0;
}

ByteBufferReader::ByteBufferReader(const char* bytes, size_t len)
    : ByteBuffer(ORDER_NETWORK) {
  Construct(bytes, len);
}

ByteBufferReader::ByteBufferReader(const char* bytes, size_t len,
                                   ByteOrder byte_order)
    : ByteBuffer(byte_order) {
  Construct(bytes, len);
}

ByteBufferReader::ByteBufferReader(const char* bytes)
    : ByteBuffer(ORDER_NETWORK) {
  Construct(bytes, strlen(bytes));
}

ByteBufferReader::ByteBufferReader(const Buffer& buf)
    : ByteBuffer(ORDER_NETWORK) {
  Construct(buf.data<char>(), buf.size());
}

ByteBufferReader::ByteBufferReader(const ByteBufferWriter& buf)
    : ByteBuffer(buf.Order()) {
  Construct(buf.Data(), buf.Length());
}

void ByteBufferReader::Construct(const char* bytes, size_t len) {
  bytes_ = bytes;
  size_ = len;
  start_ = 0;
  end_ = len;
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadUInt8(uint8_t* val) {
  if (!val) return false;

  return ReadBytes(reinterpret_cast<char*>(val), 1);
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadUInt16(uint16_t* val) {
  if (!val) return false;

  uint16_t v;
  if (!ReadBytes(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v), 2)) {
    return false;
  } else {
    *val = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? NetworkToHost16(v) : v;
    return true;
  }
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadUInt24(uint32_t* val) {
  if (!val) return false;

  uint32_t v = 0;
  char* read_into = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v);
  if (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK || IsHostBigEndian()) {
    ++read_into;
  }

  if (!ReadBytes(read_into, 3)) {
    return false;
  } else {
    *val = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? NetworkToHost32(v) : v;
    return true;
  }
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadUInt32(uint32_t* val) {
  if (!val) return false;

  uint32_t v;
  if (!ReadBytes(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v), 4)) {
    return false;
  } else {
    *val = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? NetworkToHost32(v) : v;
    return true;
  }
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadUInt64(uint64_t* val) {
  if (!val) return false;

  uint64_t v;
  if (!ReadBytes(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&v), 8)) {
    return false;
  } else {
    *val = (Order() == ORDER_NETWORK) ? NetworkToHost64(v) : v;
    return true;
  }
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadUVarint(uint64_t* val) {
  if (!val) {
    return false;
  }
  // Integers are deserialized 7 bits at a time, with each byte having a
  // continuation byte (msb=1) if there are more bytes to be read.
  uint64_t v = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 64; i += 7) {
    char byte;
    if (!ReadBytes(&byte, 1)) {
      return false;
    }
    // Read the first 7 bits of the byte, then offset by bits read so far.
    v |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(byte) & 0x7F) << i;
    // True if the msb is not a continuation byte.
    if (static_cast<uint64_t>(byte) < 0x80) {
      *val = v;
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadString(std::string* val, size_t len) {
  if (!val) return false;

  if (len > Length()) {
    return false;
  } else {
    val->append(bytes_ + start_, len);
    start_ += len;
    return true;
  }
}

bool ByteBufferReader::ReadBytes(char* val, size_t len) {
  if (len > Length()) {
    return false;
  } else {
    memcpy(val, bytes_ + start_, len);
    start_ += len;
    return true;
  }
}

bool ByteBufferReader::Consume(size_t size) {
  if (size > Length())
    return false;
  start_ += size;
  return true;
}

}  // namespace rtc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Preparation: Boil soy medallions for ca. 15 minutes in salted water, drain well and let cool. Marinate the medallions overnight in soy sauce, mustard, garlic, and oil. Roll them in flour, then in a mixture of flour, vegetal milk, and salt (as for pancakes), and finally in breadcrumbs. Press the breadcrumbs to prevent the mixture from falling off while frying. Fry in hot oil on both sides, until golden brown. Serve with carrot and celery salad, or with French salad.


The roots of the Deckhouse Group was established over 25 years ago. In a little time, it has become a leading company in various industries mainly focusing in the marine industry. Deckhouse Group is always looking to expand and get into new areas of business and it currently has four companies under its roof: Deckhouse Ship Supply, Chandler's Depot, Deckhouse Communications and the newest addition to the family, American Marine Safety.
Located on the East Coast, Chandler's Depot serves all 50 states with a variety of marine supply items.
Located in Houston, Texas, AMS provides safety services for the East, West and Gulf Coast area.
Combines one of a kind value added services with reliable communication channels.
Located in Houston, Texas, Deckhouse Ship Supply serves the entire gulf coast.
Safety, Communications, Wholesale and Ship Supply under one roof.


text:
The Biggest Covid Heretic Strikes Back
Shop all books by Tom Woods
From the Tom Woods Letter:
From the standpoint of what we laughingly call our "public health" establishment, the most dangerous heretic of 2020 was Scott Atlas.
Atlas, who served in the White House during 2020 as a public health adviser on matters related to COVID-19, recently spoke to a group of students at Stanford University about his experience.
Atlas was treated absurdly by his fellow academics and (of course) by the media, who accused him of all kinds of wickedness because he dissented from the lockdown consensus.
He reviewed all the key points from the past year.
First, in order to explain away the clear failures of lockdowns and other alleged mitigation measures, the lockdowners have tried to pretend that Americans weren't really all that locked down after all, and that in any case Americans didn't really change their behavior all that much.
Atlas threw cold water on both of those claims:
Here's the unacknowledged reality: almost all states and major cities, with a handful of exceptions, have implemented severe restrictions for many months, including closures of businesses and in-person school, mobility restrictions and curfews, quarantines, limits on group gatherings, and mask mandates dating back to at least the summer.
And let's clear up the myths about the behavior of Americans – social mobility tracking of Americans and data from Gallup, YouGov, the COVID-19 Consortium, and the CDC have shown significant reductions of movement as well as a consistently high percentage of mask wearing since the late summer, similar to Western European countries and approaching those in Asia.
He then proceeded to lay out some of the costs of lockdown, of which I offer a sample here:
A recent study confirms that up to 78% of cancers were never detected due to missed screening over three months. If one extrapolates to the entire country, up to a million new cases or more over nine months will have gone undetected. That health disaster adds to missed critical surgeries, chemotherapy, organ transplants, presentations of pediatric illnesses, heart attack and stroke patients too afraid to call emergency services, and others, all well documented.
Beyond hospital care, CDC reported four-fold increases in depression, three-fold increases in anxiety symptoms, and a doubling of suicidal ideation, particularly among young adults – college age – after the first few months of lockdowns, echoing the AMA reports of drug overdoses and suicides. An explosion of insurance claims for these psychological harms in children just verified this, doubling nationally since last year; and in the strictly locked down Northeast, there was a more than 300% increase of teenagers visiting doctors for self-harm.
Domestic abuse and child abuse have been skyrocketing due to the isolation and specifically to the loss of jobs, particularly in the strictest lockdowns.
Was anybody even bothering to consider these effects?
That, said Atlas, was why someone like him needed to be part of the discussion:
To manage such a crisis, shouldn't policymakers objectively consider both the virus harms and the totality of impact of policies? That's the importance of health policy experts – my field – with a broader scope of expertise than that of epidemiologists and basic scientists. And that's exactly why I was called to the White House – there were zero health policy scholars on the Task Force; no one with a medical background who also considered the impacts of the policies was advising the White House.
He also spoke about the policy of universal masking:
Regarding universal masks: 38 states have implemented general-population mask mandates, most since at least the summer, with almost all the rest having mandates in their major cities. Widespread, general-population mask usage has shown little empirical utility for stopping cases, even though that evidence has been censored by Twitter and Amazon. Widespread mask usage showed only minimal impact in Denmark's randomized controlled study. Those are facts. And facts matter.
I posted a list where mask mandates empirically failed to stop cases, along with direct quotes, without any edit, from WHO, CDC, and Oxford University. That was censored by Twitter. And I stated numerous times that it would be irrational to wear a mask "when alone riding a bicycle outside, when driving your own car alone, or when walking in the desert alone." I stand by those words.
Those who charge that it is unethical, even dangerous, to question broad population mask mandates must not realize that several of the world's top infectious disease scientists and major public health organizations explicitly question the efficacy of general population masks. The public needs to know the truth.
For instance, Jefferson and Heneghan of University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine wrote: "It would appear that despite two decades of pandemic preparedness, there is considerable uncertainty as to the value of wearing masks." Oxford's renowned epidemiologist Sunetra Gupta said there is no need for masks unless one is elderly or high risk. Stanford's Jay Bhattacharya stated "mask mandates are not supported by the scientific data … there is no scientific evidence that mask mandates work to slow the spread of the disease."
Throughout this pandemic until December, the WHO's "Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19" stated: "At present, there is no direct evidence (from studies on COVID-19 and in healthy people in the community) on the effectiveness of universal masking of healthy people in the community to prevent infection with respiratory viruses, including COVID-19." In December, the WHO changed their wording to today's "At present there is only limited and inconsistent scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of masking of healthy people in the community to prevent infection with respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2."
The CDC, in a review of influenza pandemics, "did not find evidence that surgical-type face masks are effective in reducing laboratory-confirmed influenza transmission, either when worn by infected persons (source control) or by persons in the general community to reduce their susceptibility." And until the WHO removed it on October 21, 2020 (almost immediately after Twitter censored my tweet highlighting the WHO quote), the WHO had written, "At the present time, the widespread use of masks by healthy people in the community setting is not yet supported by high quality or direct scientific evidence and there are potential benefits and harms to consider."
Atlas then slammed the academic community, particularly at Stanford (his home institution), which conducted itself appallingly in his case.
It's a great summary of the insanity.
Meanwhile, this week I'm heading to the Mises Institute, which has been excellent on COVID and the lockdowns, for their Austrian Economics Research Conference.
If you're at the Diamond level or above in my Supporting Listeners program, I will be mailing you a gift from there.
And I'll be writing my daily dispatches from there, too.
LibertyClassroom.com
The post The Biggest Covid Heretic Strikes Back appeared first on LewRockwell.


This statistic shows the usage of cream cheese in the United States in 2018. The data has been calculated by Statista based on the U.S. Census data and Simmons National Consumer Survey (NHCS). According to this statistic, 249.69 million Americans used cream cheese in 2018.
U.S. population: Which types of American cheese do you eat most often?
U.S. population: Do you eat American cheese?


Power Grid Corporation has fully drawn a 22 billion Japanese Yen (JPY) loan and utilised it to finance capital expenditure for its ongoing and new projects.
Power Grid had entered into a JPY 22-billion syndicated term loan facility agreement with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation's (SMBC) Singapore branch on December 10, 2018. The facility has door-to-door maturity of 12 years and is on floating rate interest basis linked to JPYLIBOR.


text:
You are currently viewing an earlier version of this article (October 03, 2019).
View the most recent version of this article
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-3180Matthew C Kiernan1,2
1Bushell Chair of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
2Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Correspondence to Professor Matthew C Kiernan, Bushell Chair of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Syndey, New South Wales, Australia; matthew.kiernan{at}sydney.au
non-clinician
The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Prepares to Turn 100
In 2020, the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry will reach a significant milestone—100 continuous years of publishing the innovations, medical breakthroughs and trailblasing studies that have made JNNP the go-to journal across the clinical neurosciences. Our first-ever volume was published in 1920 by the foundation Editor, Kinnear Wilson, with a committee of nine neuroenthusiasts that included Charles Symonds. In his flamboyant commentary to launch the inaugural issue (https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/s1-1/1), Wilson discussed all manner of clinical experience and subspecialties, including …
Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.


text:
Q: How to get count of/iterate through all attributes that a NSManagedObject has? I have a NSManageObject set up as an Entity in Core Data. After fetching the Entity, I want to be able to pull all of the attributes and put them into an NSMutableArray to populate a UITableView with.
For Example:
Entity:
Project
Attributes: startDate(required); finishDate(optional); projectName(required); etc....
How do I get all of these into an NSMutableArray? Or is there a better way to populate the UITableView?

A: You can get this by asking the NSEntityDescription for its NSAttributeDescription objects:
NSManagedObject *object = ...;
NSEntityDescription *entity = [object entity];
NSDictionary *attributes = [entity attributesByName];

NSMutableArray *values = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSString *attributeName in attributes) {
  id value = [object valueForKey:attributeName];
  if (value != nil) {
    [values addObject:value];
  }
}

Note: this only contains attributes, not relationships.  If you want only relationship values, you can use -relationshipsByName.  If you want both attributes and relationships, you can use -propertiesByName.
Deciding whether this is a good idea or not is left as an exercise to the reader.

A: EDIT
Simply add a method to your entity that returns an array of non-null attributes:
- (NSMutableArray*)nonNullAttributes {
    NSMutableArray *mutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:0];

    //Pretend you have an attribute of startDate
    if (startDate && startDate != null) {
        [mutableArray addObject:startDate]
    }

    //Do this for all of your attributes.
    //You might want to convert the attributes to strings to allow for easy display in the tableview.

    return mutableArray;
}

You can add this in your NSManagedObject subclass. You can then use the count of the array to know how many rows to have.
ORIGINAL ANSWER
Why even bother putting the attributes into an array? Just access them from the Entity directly when you populate the tableview.

A: Can't you just use executeFetchRequest to get the array?
NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription
                                   entityForName:@"Project"
                                   inManagedObjectContext:someContext];
[fetchRequest setEntity:entity];
NSArray *fetchedObjects = [someContext executeFetchRequest:fetchRequest error:&error];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The bonus is released in $10 increments, each released into your account as you clear the needed VPPs (170 VPPs for every $10 increment). You have 180 days to clear the FULL bonus.
Thousands of ring games and tournaments running 24/7.
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With over 100,000 players online at any given time, PokerStars is the 800-pound gorilla of the online poker world. It started out as a simple place to play online poker but as time passed, PokerStars earned for itself a reputation as the most transparent and trustworthy online poker site.
The big break for PokerStars came when it was revealed that Chris Moneymaker, the winner of the 2003 World Series of Poker Main Event, won his entry to the prestigious tournament by playing in a $39 satellite tournament online at PokerStars. After that, PokerStars quickly became the most popular poker site for tournaments.
The very next year, another poker player named Greg Raymer played in a satellite tournament to the WSOP at PokerStars and went on to win the 2004 World Series Main Event and $5,000,000. 2005? Same thing. Another guy by the name of Joe Hachem earned his entry to the WSOP at PokerStars and won the whole thing.
The point is PokerStars has played a major role in the development of poker as an internationally recognized pastime. Major tournaments like the WSOP have grown tremendously in recent years thanks to online satellite tournaments. If it wasn't for PokerStars, it's hard telling where the industry would be right now.
Every new player at PokerStars can get a 100% bonus for up to $600 in cash just for signing up and making a deposit that matches the bonus amount you're seeking. When you make your first deposit, you'll see a little box that asks for your bonus code. Just type in the word Stars600 and you'll get your bonus.
The devil in the details: Your bonus will be held in a separate bonus account and then released after you play in enough real money cash games and tournaments to earn 10 Frequent Player Points (FPPs) per dollar in bonus money.
For example, if you deposit $50 and clear that $50 bonus amount threshold, you'll have to earn a total of 500 FPPs before getting the bonus. That might sound like a lot of work but FPPs are actually really easy to earn at PokerStars.
Devil's Note: Use PokerStars Marketing Code "G" to ensure you get the maximum bonus amount possible upon your 1st deposit.
PokerStars specializes in tournament like no other poker site on the planet. When you download the software and open up the tournament lobby, you'll see tons of tournaments running around the clock.
No Limit Holdem is the most popular tournament type but you'll also see limit Holdem and a ton of other games. You'll be able to play in 7 Card Stud tournaments, Omaha tournaments and many more at PokerStars.
No matter how large or small your bankroll is, you'll be able to find all kinds of action at PokerStars. Buyins start out at just a few FPPs and go all the way up to more than a thousand dollars for the more expensive tournaments.
Every Sunday they host the Sunday Million tournament and it has a guaranteed $1,500,000 prize pool. First place is always more than sixe figures and someone wins it every single week. Crazy stuff.
PokerStars also has the largest collection of cash games out of any online poker site out there. The games offered here include Texas Holdem, Omaha, 5 Card Stud, 7 Card Stud, 5 Card Draw, 2-7 Triple Draw, 2-7 Single Draw and Badugi.
Texas Holdem is the most popular but you'll still find many other poker variants in the cash games lobby. The stakes range from anywhere between a few pennies per round to well over a thousand dollars. Some of the no-limit tables allow you to buy in with as much as $40,000. And yes, that is real money.
In the beginning, I wasn't a fan of the PokerStars software at all. In fact, I stayed away from the site for nearly 3 years because the graphics were so hideous that it was hard to tell what was going on at the tables.
At some point the people in charge decided to give the PokerStars software a much-needed update and what an improvement it was. The lobby is now organized more efficiently and the tables can be customized almost limitlessly to make your experience as comfortable as possible.
There are now about a dozen different themes you can use, ranging from the classic view to ultra-simple themes that make it ten times easier to keep up with the action. In addition to that, the animations have been tweaked so that less time is spent watching the dealer hand out cards and more time is spent playing poker.
As a US-friendly poker site, PokerStars has had its share of difficulties in finding solid deposit options for players from the US. Things have settled down recently so it's not as bad getting money on the site now as it once was. The most popular deposit method is the credit card but there are many others as well.
I have an even easier time depositing at PokerStars. Players from around the world can use Click2Pay, ClickandBuy, Entropay, NETeller and many other deposit methods to get their money online. When you go to make your deposit, you'll see a full list of options. Just pick one, follow the directions and you'll be set up in no time.
When it's time to withdraw your money, you can usually do so via the same method you used to deposit. People who made a deposit with a credit card will have to find another withdrawal method, whether it be a cashier's check, bank wire or something else.
If you can get past the fact that the only way you can reach PokerStars customer support is by e-mail, the customer service team at PokerStars is quite commendable. They answer inquiries at lightning speeds and are willing to call you (and save you the long distance fee) if you need phone support.