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'Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts' Is the Nostalgia Ride All Potterheads Deserved
February 12, 2022 March 8, 2022 Shilpita Biswas1 Comment
"Mysterious thing, Time"– Albus Dumbledore. It really is! And that's what you realize when you are invited to revisit the wondrous wizarding world you had left behind 10 years ago. That's how "Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts" begins and if there's one word that could describe the whole 1 hour and 42 minutes retrospective special (streaming on HBO Max and Amazon Prime), it would definitely be "Nostalgia"! It is true that some of the books from J.K. Rowling's debut novel series had released much earlier than the movies, but it was not till 2001 that most of us, who had been living in different parts of the world, got a chance to experience the amazing and unbelievable Wizarding World of The Boy Who Lived. The movies made the novel popular; they allowed the story to reach out to children even in the remotest corners of the world. And thus, started a journey for every Potterhead out there, which would change their lives forever!
As John Williams' "Harry's Wondrous World" plays in the background and the Hogwarts Castle comes into view once again from across the Black Lake, with all its lighted turrets and windows, and Emma Watson opens the doors to the Great Hall, we are ushered into that world once again, which happens to be our "healthy form of escapism" even now, as so rightly quoted by Matthew Lewis aka Neville Longbottom. I feel the best part of being a 90s kid and a Potterhead simultaneously, is that you sort of grew up with the actors. Seeing them who had brought the young characters alive onscreen, who had given colors to our imaginations, like Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Rupert Grint, Evanna Lynch, James and Oliver Phelps, Tom Felton, Bonnie Wright and so many others, all grown up and in their late 20s or early 30s now, getting married or having kids just like our friends are, all around us, made me realize how much time has passed. Even then, it feels like yesterday that we were watching the films with utmost awe and wonder in the movie theaters.
As I delve deeper into the reunion special episode, which has been divided into 4 chapters, each representing two movies at a time, showing glimpses of the shots and the sets and also the actors' experiences while shooting for each of them, I can't help but wonder at how beautifully they have recreated the aura of the wizarding world throughout the entire duration of the episode. Starting from the actors receiving their Hogwarts' letters, addressed to them in their specific locations at the time, like "The Coffee Shop, Chelsea" or "The Black Cab" reminds us of Harry's shocking expression, when he receives his first Hogwarts Letter with the specific address "The Cupboard Under the Stairs". It also reminds us strangely of how as children, when we had turned 11 years old, we actually prayed to God for sending us that letter, so that we could journey from our ridiculously boring Muggle world into the amazing world of Harry Potter. It reminds us of the innocence we once had, and how we seem to have lost that along the way.
Each of the four chapters begins with the narrator reading out a line from J.K Rowling's books and as we move into the first one, The Boy Who Lived, we are reminded of some of the amazing actors who had contributed as much to the series, as the child actors. The twinkling eyes of Richard Harris could not have been more apt for the long-bearded, white-haired Albus Dumbledore, drawn at the back of the first ever book cover of the Harry Potter series. Maggie Smith's Professor McGonagall, Robbie Coltrane's Rubeus Hagrid, Alan Rickman's Professor Snape and Richard Griffiths' Uncle Vernon, seemed to have jumped out of the pages of J.K. Rowling's book. Stuart Craig, who was the Production Designer for the entire Harry Potter movie franchise, had created the impossible world of the wizards with utmost ease and grandeur. Thousands of lighted candles were hung from the end of fishing lines to recreate the floating candles adorning the ceiling of the Great Hall, as mentioned in the books. The scenes where we witness the Burrow for the first time and see how a wizarding family washes their dishes or knits their sweaters, the comparison between good and bad wizarding families so drastically portrayed with the entry of Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy, brings the first chapter to an end.
The second chapter, Coming of Age, portrays the third and fourth movies of the series and was indeed the time when we too were in limbo between our childhood and adulthood, just like Harry, Ron and Hermione. These books or movies ushered in the era of crushes, infatuations and the pangs of teenage love along with the introduction of deep and dark concepts of dementors sucking out your joy and happiness, of overcoming your deepest fears and darkness, of standing at the threshold of adulthood. New actors like Gary Oldman, David Thewlis and Timothy Spall were introduced into the series. At the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the entire universe shifts suddenly and the series which was popular as a childrens' book, soon became something more sinister with the introduction of Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort. The death of Cedric Diggory marks that moment when Harry has his first reality check and so does the audience, as we are prepared to face the perils of adulthood.
In The Light and Dark Within, Mathew Lewis as Neville and Evanna Lynch as Luna Lovegood, bring forth the world of "misfits" and "oddbots", where children who are shy or introvert or different from those around them, children who have been bullied in schools or in playgrounds, relate themselves to popular and famous characters for the first time, and find that they can belong in the society too. The two-dimensional, complex character of Draco Malfoy, torn between what is right and what is not, reflects so many of us who had once made all the wrong choices in the wrong company and had later learnt from our regrets and mistakes. Helena Bonham Carter, who had played the role of the psychopathic, evil, and most devoted Death-Eater, Bellatrix Lestrange, talks about the impact the series has had on generations of children who failed to get good marks in exams, or who weren't the best when it came to sports. The world of Harry Potter showed with immense humanity, depth, and vulnerability that being different makes us special as we fall in love with the characters of Luna and Neville.
Before they move onto the last and final chapter though, they remind us of the fact that these were the movies in which Harry encounters grief for the first time in his life as he loses Sirius and Dumbledore, the two adults who had been closest to what the orphaned boy could claim as "parents". As the reunion special takes us inside the pensieve, into the memories of some of the great actors who have passed away in the 10 years since the last movie of the franchise released, we raise our wands along with so many other witches and wizards, all watching the reunion from the comforts of their homes, to remember and honor all those amazing actors like Alan Rickman (Severus Snape), Helena McCrory (Narcissa Malfoy), Richard Harris(Albus Dumbledore in first two movies), John Hurt (Ollivander the wandmaker), Richard Griffiths (Uncle Vernon) and Robert Hardy(Cornelius Fudge).
In the final chapter, Something Worth Fighting For, scenes from the last two movies are reminisced by the actors, as the trio leaves the comfort of their school for the first time and faces the struggles of the real world, as we all do, when we leave school or college. Mathew Lewis talks about the last speech of Neville in front of Lord Voldemort, the speech which sealed Neville's character forever as one of the bravest Gryffindors we knew and as the true son of his brave Auror parents, and how that speech had impacted him both as a human being and as an actor. For fans like us, who had read all the books by then and already knew how the series would end, held onto these two movies as our last thread of connection to the world we had loved and craved to belong to, the last thread of connection to our childhood which was slowly slipping away. Potterheads would often claim this series to be more than just a children's book, because the magical world which J.K Rowling wove around Harry Potter had lots of stories within stories, had individual character curves, had concepts so philosophical and deep that it often had a transformative effect on people's lives!
As the last day of the shoot is shown and the actors are seen crying and hugging each other, we realize that even though they might not live on, the characters they portrayed will do and the legacy of Harry Potter and the masterpiece which J.K.Rowling has created, will continue to inspire generations to come. Emma Watson echoes the very thoughts of my heart and soul when she says, "There's something about Harry Potter that makes life richer. Like, when things get really dark and times are really hard, stories give us places we can go, where we can rest and feel held". The wizarding world of Harry Potter has been that story and that place for me, my source of happiness and inspiration in times of grief, loss and desperation. As I therefore, see the last scene of the special episode unfold before my eyes, and Dumbledore looks at Snape's patronus, uttering one of the most epic dialogues of the series, I realize that every time someone would judge or question my devotion towards Harry Potter and the Wizarding World and ask, "After all this time?", I would probably utter the same words Snape did – "ALWAYS!"
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"The Willows in Winter" – An Ode to Those Long Treasured Books on Our Bookshelves
April 30, 2021 April 30, 2021 Claire Hatcher2 Comments
I came across this page through a friend, and I saw Vidisha Ghosh's review of the Wind in the Willows and felt compelled to write about my experience with its sequel this winter. I was gifted the sequel The Willows in Winter as a first edition hard back upon its release back in 1993. At the age of 10, this hard back with thoughtful character illustrations was probably one of the most beautiful books I owned, but in its beauty and huge size, relative to that of a 10 year old, it almost felt too grown up to read and too beautiful to touch. Needless to say, as teen years passed through to adulthood, I did not feel the draw of a book written for children and it remained on the shelf in its pristine condition. The Willows in Winter has since travelled with me to each home I've moved to where it has always taken pride of place on my bookshelf, untouched and unread, but certainly not unloved.
I finally got around to reading The Willows in Winter this January, amidst a bit of a reader's block and the need for something easy and comforting. The UK government had just effectively cancelled Christmas with its no-mixing-of-households rule and announced its third indefinite lockdown. January can be hard enough in a normal year, let alone without the usual things that keep us going and I'll admit my mood and resolve was starting to wane. I desperately needed something light and as I perused my shelves, I found myself reaching for The Willows in Winter. I picked it up thinking it might be the perfect book to cosy on up with in the dark winter and to get me out of my reading slump. What I wasn't expecting was for the words on the first page to hit me with such force, that it brought tears to my eyes.
"I must not be uncharitable" said Mole "I have my home, I have my health and I- I must not be unfriendly".
I sat down in my cosy reading chair and felt the weight of those words sink in. The words resonated deeply with the lockdown experience and the gradual increase in feelings of unease. During our first lockdown, I gave myself the motto, "don't be a brat". Not eloquent I know, but it was short, sweet and easy to berate myself with whenever needed. By this motto, I meant that regardless of how tough things might become, I resolved to remember our blessings, be grateful for what we have and be extra kind and mindful of how we speak with others, who may be facing more difficult challenges. But, I have to admit that in January, after too many zoom calls, and a seemingly endless stream of calls from others looking to offload their own concerns and troubles, I was starting to feel the need to retreat even further and hibernate in my own little world to feel a bit sorry for myself.
So, at the perfect time, after almost 30 years on my bookshelf, along came the wonderful characters of Mole, Toad, Rat, and Badger to remind us of some important lessons. Mole's opening dialogue is referring to his nephew as an unwanted lodger, when Mole craves nothing more than his peaceful home and privacy. What follows is a tale of adventure and friendship as they each go in search of rescuing each other from various escapades. We are reminded of the need to embrace each other's differences and that friendship does not have to be with those who are like-minded but should span different personality types, and as a result how much we can learn from each other. For example, in contrast to Mole's introverted nature, is the polar opposite of Toad. Toad can often be perceived as an arrogant and self-centred rich character, often reckless in his pursuits. However, in reading between the lines, we see a character who has had his sense of adventure subdued and so desperately seeks some kind of release through risky pursuits, much like how some would see a few of our rebel entrepreneurs in the real world, who can be revered and disliked in equal measures. The Willows in Winter is written by William Horwood as an homage to Kenneth Grahame's classic and is faithful to the original in capturing the essence of Grahame's characters.
Since reading the Willows in Winter several months ago, I'm now ahead on the reading challenge I set myself for the year and so my readers block has been officially cured. Whether I found a cure for my "uncharitable" nature as Mole would call it, is yet to be confirmed, but I vow to keep being mindful of others and provide a listening ear, whilst protecting my own needs as an introvert to retire and recharge in my own space. As social creatures, this lockdown has been hard on introverts and extroverts alike, and if Toad and Mole teach us anything it is that we need all types and all kinds of friendships to get the best from this world.
The experience also made me reflect on what it is to be a bibliophile. Thinking of the books we covet on our shelves for years, from those in pristine condition too beautiful to touch, to the well-thumbed copies of our favourite books. Those books that remain with us reminds us of who we were when we read them, much as that "to be read pile" is a nod to who we hope to become as our future selves – I'm thinking here of my literature classics section, that I want to be intellectual enough to read, but still feels somewhat of a chore to start! I also think about the journey of those books that we decide not to keep, those that we pass on to friends in the hope that they will bring similar joy or understanding to them as it did for us. The Willows In Winter, will now remain forever cherished on my bookshelf as a reminder of that Winter lockdown and however tough life gets, we must be grateful for our blessings and keep goodwill in our hearts.
April Reads to Start Your Indian New Year With a Healthy Dose of Literature
April 15, 2021 April 15, 2021 TheSeer TeamLeave a comment
April is a busy month. Around the world, this month is dotted with some of the most significant events in the pages of history. Particulary in India, the month holds a special place as most of the Indian calendars have the new year marked in the month of April. While we celebrate the new year with a hope that the COVID-19 pandemic becomes a thing of the past, here is a list of book recommendation from us to keep you busy, informed, and well fed on literature in these trying times.
Pakistan or The Partition of India by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
One of the most important figures who gave shape to the Indian constitution and the way our nation functions today has been Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He was born on 14th April, 1891 and has left a huge body of work behind him for us to understand his ideas and thoughts on multiple subjects. One of the most important books written on the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan is Dr. Ambedkar's 'Pakistan or The Partition of India'. In his inimitable style, Dr. Ambedkar goes to the roots of several untackled questions behind the idea of Pakistan and enlightens the readers with finer details of the path India took to be standing face to face to the tragedy that was partition. Buy the book here.
Khooni Vaisakhi by Nanak Singh
On 13th April, 1919, India saw one of the worst crimes under the British rule. Following the orders of Gen. Dyer, the police opened fire on an unarmed assembly gathered to protest against the Rowlatt Act at Jallianwala Bagh. Hundreds were killed and thousands were injured in this shameful act. Punjabi writer Nanak Singh who at the time was all of 22 years at the time, was present in the gathering and lived the trauma. Later, he penned down his pain in long form poetry, known as Khooni Vaisakhi. The book has also been translated into English by Navdeep Suri. Buy the book here.
Novellas Exemplares by Miguel de Cervantes
April 23 is celebrated as World Book Day in several countries and by UNESCO. The date was chosen because it coincided with the death anniversary of several authors, including the famous Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes who is more popular for his book Don Quixote. The date also marks the death anniversary of William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, and David Halberstam. Coming to the book, this is a series of 12 novellas by the author written between 1590 and 1612. The story series are categorized by two main characteristics – one characterized by an idealized nature and others that are of realistic nature. Buy the book here.
Honourabe Mentions: Apart from these books, you can also pick Annihilation of Caste by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Democratic Administration in the Light of Practical Vedanta by Swami Ranganathananda, and Himalayan Challenge – India, China and the Quest for Peace by Subramanian Swamy.
The Unreliable Narrator: Exploring Ishiguro's An Artist of the Floating World
April 4, 2021 April 4, 2021 Vidisha GhoshLeave a comment
How many voices can an author create? How evolved can craft be that there comes the point when the creator ceases to exist, and all that is left is the immersed reader, intruding in another world? The answer is Kazuo Ishiguro, the man who, for me, has taken first-person narration and a compromised narrative to the point of no return. Choose a character, and he will get into its skin like an invisible cellular organism with no home of its own. He will do so in so fantastic a way that it leaves you questioning the truth, like speaking to someone you aren't too sure about. After he or she departs, you think, "What are they hiding? Am I in the dark?"
An Artist of the Floating World is a masterpiece that glides in out and of many dimensions. On the one hand, it is a story of generations separated by a massive ideological gulf. On the other, it is about an older man attempting to come to terms with his mistaken philosophies. It is also a historical fiction set in the Japan of limbos; Japan, which has suffered because of its misplaced imperialism, been shattered by bombings and is now critical of the past and every person representing it. At the heart of it is an unreliable narrator, Masuji Ono. Once an acclaimed painter, Ono is our guide through post-World War II Japan and its sociopolitical and emotional trauma; felt in extremities like the once-vibrant pleasure districts destroyed by bombings and kids who loved Popeye and Godzilla.
The book is a contemplative journey, spread across four time frames: October 1948, April 1949, November 1949 and June 1950. We are introduced to a retired artist of great acclaim, Masuji Ono. Ono lives with his youngest daughter Noriko, and his attempts to secure a good match for her is a central theme. In the past, Noriko's engagement had been called off. While Ono likes to believe that his family was more powerful than the boy's, Noriko's often belligerent behaviour suggests the unsuccessful engagement has more to do with Ono's past. His older daughter Setsuko asks Ono to meet his acquaintances and rectify his errors should Noriko's prospects inquire about the family's history. This simple task is the starting point of his recollections, opening twisted alleys of memory.
We seek to understand concepts like Ono's rise as an artist, his relationship with his students and peers, the moral chasm that exists between him, his sons-in-law and his grandson, and the politicisation of art. I have reasons to say that we seek to understand Ono's life – the untrustworthy memory and what he is telling us. Ono's narration is not dependable, and there is not a second perspective to corroborate what he is saying. This is displayed continually; Ono never completes an anecdote in one go, one recollection invariably gives rise to another or how he thinks he knows someone only for us to find that the person has no memory of him. What Ono thinks of himself does not resonate with people in that world. For his disillusioned son-in-law, Ono is one of the many traitors who led the country awry with grand plans of Japanese Imperialism that caused only pain and loss. Ono himself lost his son to the Manchurian War and his wife to a freak raid. The reader might assume these topics to be of particular importance to him. Still, Ono avoids speaking about any issue that exposes his emotional vulnerability and delves too much into his past affairs. Mentions of these deaths come and go, as little remarks stuffed into the larger scheme.
Why our narrator is unreliable is a debatable topic. At first go, it can be age. After all, Ono is well-retired with two daughters and grandchildren. However, the irregularity in information can be attributed much more to more unpleasant circumstances than memory failing. As the novel progresses, Ono is revealed to have been a man of controversial associations. During World War II, Japan was an Allied Power alongside Germany and Italy. A considerable section of the population was pro-War, viewing any opposition to the war effort with great scepticism. Ono, a pro-government imperialist, broke away from his master and drawings of the floating world (a phrase used to describe Japan's pleasure districts) to begin painting subjects that depicted military might. At the beginning of the war, he becomes a part of a state committee clamping down on unpatriotic art. Ono reports Karudo, once his protégé. As a result, Karudo's paintings are burnt, and the police harass him. Ono tells us that he tried to step in and convince the authority to go easy on Karudo. However, whether it is the truth or just another way to hide his betrayal and cruelty, we don't know.
The ideological tussle between Ono and his family members is an essential thread in the novel. To some extent, Ono realises that he was vastly mistaken during the war and the younger generation, like daughters and his son-in-law's look at him with a degree of suspicion and contempt. The latter want men like Ono to take accountability for steering Japan on the wrong path. They now live in a post-war society where America is the centre of culture and politics. This is not a phenomenon that has gone down well with Ono, who would rather have his grandson enjoy samurais than behave like a cowboy. Although he claims to be unaware of his importance in society, we understand that Ono likes to think of himself as someone who has been quite influential, a part of the crème of the art world. Towards the end, when Setsuko (his older daughter) consoles him that his pro-militancy paintings weren't influential enough to have caused massive harm, it is a very hurtful thought for him.
Like Ishiguro's celebrated The Remains of the Day, An Artist of the Floating World is a beautiful lesson in restraint. The former is the story of an English butler whose commitment to service caused such emotional limitation that he could not pursue the woman he loved. In the latter, we have an ageing man whose convictions are failing him as he grapples with guilt and ethical tussles. War is an important occurrence in both, and more than war, the sides one chooses. In The Remains of the Day, the protagonist reflects on how the reputed British manorial lord he served sided with Nazi Germany because he did not know better. In such scenarios, as both age and regret become strong, exuberant or verbose writing would not be relatable. Ishiguro's writing is fluid, hard-hitting, but not raw. His style is refined, elegant prose at its best, entirely moulded according to the narrator's realities.
An Artist of the Floating World was a delightful, very enlightening experience about a unique world that conventional reading may not expose one to. Despite being a history student, I was surprised at the nuance of ideology and radicalisation in post-War Japan that the author highlighted so brilliantly. The writing flows; through former pleasure districts, reception rooms in Japanese homes, the villas of master painters and pubs where artists gathered with pupils. Each of these spaces stands for a different ideology and a different time in Ono's life. Ishiguro's most outstanding merit is shaping his style in a way that changes with age. A young Ono is much more aggressive, while Ono as a grandfather is loving and almost endearing. The tonality changes beautifully, and this requires immense, almost God-gifted skill.
Ishiguro gifts his readers a story that is almost the truth but has enough cracks for falsities to creep in.
7 Delightful Reads to Help You Overcome a Reader's Block!
March 29, 2021 March 29, 2021 Vidisha GhoshLeave a comment
Sometimes, it is not easy to be a reader. We are expected to read all the time, and somewhere down the line, it creates a certain pressure to finish a certain number of books every year. While a utopia for a reader will be a corner overlooking the mountains and Ruskin Bond's romanticism in the air, real-life is more complex and a lot more demanding. The space that childhood, school, and college allowed an individual to pursue reading contracts as one enters the hurried world.
There are days when you cannot read beyond two pages. There are days when you think you will read on your way to work, but you doze off in the cab. Then comes the worst predicament; prolonged periods of poor concentration. You're stuck on one page. Finding another book might make things better, but unfortunately, it is the same struggle. Even if you do get to Page 20, you cannot recollect much. People do not talk about it enough, but a Reader's Block is as real as a Writer's Block. It is a phenomenon where you cannot finish a book or retain much of what you have read, no matter how much you try.
Why it happens is an elusive question. Reader's Block is a frequent struggle for children and adults with ADD. It is also a side-effect faced by students of literature who have done so much reading for coursework that the idea of reading for pleasure becomes challenging. It may arise because you have not been experimenting with content. Alternatively, it can be the outcome of personal distress occupying your mind and leaving you with little time to think about anything else. This is real. This is fine.
What is the best way to get back into the groove of enjoying stories? At the core of the process is taking it easy and finding something exciting and new you can appreciate without feeling burdened. So, here's a little list of lovely books that may help you to return to reading, gradually nourish the reader in you before you jump back into full force and finish Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose:
Haroun and the Sea of Stories by Salman Rushdie
While several websites will list this as a children's book, I vehemently oppose simplifying this masterpiece. While the exterior packaging is like a fairy tale, the book is beautifully written to address censorship and storytellers' plight (especially relevant after the infamous fatwa against Salman Rushdie's issued by Ayatollah Khomeini). Even if one does not delve much into symbolism, there is no way you won't enjoy the delightful wordplay and puns that are liberally sprinkled on the story. Almost every name is related to silence or speech. So, you'll find a Princess Batcheet, and the antagonist's army is called Chupwalas. The story flows like fine wine, and you will be hooked before you know it, flying across the Sea of Stories.
Tales from Firozsha Baag by Rohinton Mistry
I've read Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance, and it is spectacular. However, to say that Tales from Firozsha Baag is any less enjoyable is incorrect. Of course, the former is a more diverse picture of India, spanning a considerable period and involving characters from across the socioeconomic spectrum. On the other hand, Tales of Firozsha Baag is a collection of eleven short stories about the residents of a Parsi-dominated complex in Bombay. The stories are endearing and beautifully written. Their exceptional quality is Mistry's manner of conveying the setting's spatial characteristics. It is so detailed that you feel you are an intruder. Residents grapple with grief, sexuality, superiority and the happiness of living life on their terms. You will be pulled into the endearing whirlwind before you know it.
The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro
Kazuo Ishiguro is a recent obsession, and I recommend this brilliant author for his elegant writing. In 1989, The Remains of the Day won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction and was later adopted as a film starring Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. Ishiguro's writing style is peaceful. Nonetheless, it is incredible how he conveys emotional and political disruption through peace. The book is about an English butler who takes a road trip across the countryside and ponders over his life. I haven't come across an author who can mould the narrative to the extent that you forget the author and begin to think of the book as a diary. It is a heartwrenching story, but one that flows very easily.
Chowringhee by Shankar
Shankar's Chowringhee is a tale of love and loss as it unfolds in Shahjahan, a fictional hotel in the 1950s attracting Calcutta's crème. An excellent translation has been done by Arunava Sinha, who perfectly captures the essence. Chowringhee is often overshadowed by Shankar's two other books, which were made into films by Satyajit Ray. However, I recommend Chownrighee because of its simplicity and the author's ability to fuse many stories into one exciting book. This is a skill somewhat absent in today's storytellers who have come to enjoy multiple loose ends. Although Chowringhee was published in 1962, it is a delightful story whose emotions and themes transcend time. In 2019, Srijit Mukherjee adapted the book into a film, and that is best avoided. Read the book. It is unpretentious and unique.
Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie
Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express is a reliable favourite. Not only is it one of her most thrilling works, but it is the setting of the novel that truly sets it apart. Hercule Poirot is aboard the luxury Orient Express which gets stuck in a snowbank. A murder happens, and the killer is amongst the passengers as the thick snow made it impossible for anyone to escape. A sense of claustrophobia pervades the narrative as the train is stuck in an icy landscape with a killer on the loose. The fact that there is nowhere to go and nothing can be done makes Murder on the Orient Express a compelling read. It is also an interesting commentary about morality; when is murder justified? The book will keep you on your edge even after you know what has transpired.
Travelogues by Ruskin Bond
I have been told that I am biased towards Ruskin Bond, but I have hardly seen a reader who does not adore Rusty. Alongside his short stories and novellas, I would heartily recommend his travel writing like A Book of Simple Living: Brief Notes from the Hills, Hop On, All Roads Lead to Ganga, Roads to Mussoorie and Rain in the Mountains: Notes from the Himalayas. I cannot pinpoint why his writing is so unique. Maybe it is the old-charm of his humour, the inherent sense of adventure and the endearing mischief in his stories.
Make time for these jewels, and you'll find the mountain air of Dehra wafting into your room as the Himalayan rain pitter-patters on your city windowsill.If there is something about reading that is important to remember is that reading cannot be forced. Some of us enjoy books while others have entirely different pursuits. Even as children, some of us take to reading while others are not too keen on books. But if literature is your escape, then it is only sensible that you give yourself the time and space to appreciate it. Reading for pleasure must be a meaningful pursuit that makes you content. It is about the joy of stepping into another world and finding its secrets. It is not about how many books you finish in a month as much as it is about enjoying what you read. Take your time and savour the story. After all, reading is about happiness.
Women Who Won the Sahitya Akademi – TheSeer's March Reading List
March 13, 2021 March 13, 2021 TheSeer TeamLeave a comment
8th March was International Women's Day. Among several other important events that occured in March, there is one date that we don't usually remember or talk about. On 12th March, 1954, Sahitya Akademi was inaugurated by the Government of India. The Government of India Resolution, which set forth the constitution of the Akademi, described it as a national organisation to work actively for the development of Indian letters and to set high literary standards, to foster and co-ordinate literary activities in all the Indian languages and to promote through them all the cultural unity of the country. Though set up by the Government, the Akademi functions as an autonomous organisation. It was registered as a society on 7 January 1956, under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.
For March, we were torn between reading books by women authors and books that have won the Sahitya Akademi award. And then we decided, why not get and give you the best of both worlds! TheSeer presents a list of books authored by women which have also won the Sahitya Akademi awards. You can't get wrong with such filters.
Book of Rachel – Esther David
This book won the award in the year 2010. The story revolves around a lone Jewish woman who fights against the land sharks to keep her community thriving. The writing is graceful and the story is captivating. The book will also enrich your understanding of the Jewish life in India. Buy the book here.
Inside the Haveli – Rama Mehta
What happens when an educated, independent girl gets married into a conservative family where she has to hide herself behind purdah and follow the traditions that limit her identity. This book is a tale of a girl's struggle towards claiming her own space and preserve her independent identity through all the challenges the conservative Haveli throws at her. The book won the award in the year 1979. You can get a copy for yourself here.
Kadachit Ajoonahi – Anuradha Patil
Anuradha Patil won the Sahitya Akademi for this collection of poetry in Marathi. Her poems take us into the lives of women, their pain, desires, love, happiness, and their quest for knowing themselves. The boook has a collection of 51 poems. You can order a copy here.
Hrudaya Netri – Malathi Chandur
This novel in Telugu presents a fictional account of the Indian freedom struggle in Andhra Pradesh. Through the story of the protagonist Gopalan, the novel brings forth the case of social justice through the years of the freedom struggle. The book received the award in the year 1992 and can be purchased here. An English translation by Parvathy B is also available.
Deou Langkhui – Rita Choudhury
Rita Choudhary won the Sahitya Akademi for her Assamese novel on the Tiwa community in the year 2008. Apart from informing its readers about the ways and culture of the community, the novel also boasts of other elements like romance, conflict, betrayal, loyalty that make it an interesting book to read. You can purchase your copy here.
We hope you will find these reads interesting as well as informative. If you have read any of these books, please let us know about it in the comments section.
To, But Not Restricted to, Children. Love, Lewis Carroll
February 11, 2021 February 11, 2021 Vidisha GhoshLeave a comment
There are a handful of books that every child is made to read during their growing-up years. For parents, syllabus committees and English teachers, they are akin to an instruction manual which they hope will instill a love for reading in children and strengthen their grasp over the English language. Popular inclusions in the list include Secret Seven, Famous Five, Chronicles of Narnia, Wind in the Willows and Lewis Carroll's gem, Alice in Wonderland. Unfortunately, irrespective of whether the same children grow up to enjoy fiction, one hardly ever returns to these books because they are relegated as writing for kids. So, when I found that January 27th marked the 189th birth anniversary of Lewis Carroll, I tried hard to remember what his writing was about.
Apart from glimpses of Cheshire Cat's smile and few stray anecdotes from Alice in Wonderland, everything else was a blur. So, while going through Carroll's Wikipedia page, I was completely caught off-guard by the sheer expanse of his genius that even the most avid reader has ignored because once again "he's not for grownups". Not only was he a master of wordplay, puns, and imagery, but he was also a proof that science and arts can merge beautifully without emitting a pungent smell of discord. His writing floats lightheartedly on the confluence of mathematics and language.
Born as Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, Lewis Carroll led a fascinating life in which he donned many hats; each contributed to his fine sense of nonsense, rhyme, and lush imagery. Carroll exhibited an immense liking and strong talent for mathematics, cyphers, chess and puzzles, culminating in his lifelong studentship in mathematics at Christ Church, Oxford. His deeply analytical tendencies percolated into his creatives, rhyme scheme, labyrinthine landscapes and highly stylised verses with hidden clues. In short, Lewis Carroll being tied down by the burden of being "a children's author" is probably one of the worst sins a literary academic could commit.
In fact, when Martin Gardner approached publishing houses for commissioning a version of Alice in Wonderland that contained scholarly notes, they were quick to dismiss his idea. No one does all this for a children's book. Gardner went on to author The Universe in a Handkerchief, a comprehensive volume delving deep into the works of Lewis Carroll; from his popular fiction down to his puzzles and letters. It is an excellent book, and I recommend it highly just so that we can acquaint ourselves to the genius we have missed out upon.
As standard with most fabulous creators, Carroll was mostly associated with one of his many dazzling creations. Of course, its Alice in Wonderland. But many remain blissfully unaware of his pioneering contribution to the criminally underrated world of nonsense verse. Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll were the earliest proponents of this form of writing. In India, Sukumar Ray's (father of Satyajit Ray) Abol Tabol is the nonsense poetry handbook for Bengali children. Every child is acquainted with Bombagorer Raja (The King of Bombagor) who did absurd things like frame dried mangoes while his crazy Aunt chased pumpkins with a bat.
Carroll's Jabberwocky is one of the most refined examples of nonsense verse appearing in Through the Looking Glass. It is a ballad, a good versus evil story but primarily remembered for its funky language and unique visual and sonic quality. In the poem, a father warns his son of three vicious monsters: the Jabberwock, the Jubjub Bird and the Bandersnatch. It is a concise poem, about 28 lines, and you can see why it is handy to instill dread in children. When we are kids, we are told of many unnamed monsters who are out there. They wait for kids to misbehave or not finish their food, and then they'll appear. For most of our lives, these monsters remain faceless, just like Jabberwocky and its evil partners. The feeling of fear comes because we don't know why we have to be scared of the Jabberwocky, Jubjub Bird and Bandersnatch or what they do that makes them vicious. Typical to Carroll's storytelling, he uses unknown words like galumphing, vorpal, mome raths and borograves.
Another favourite, particularly in schools, is Caroll's The Walrus and the Carpenter. The poem is a mix of narrative and nonsense; about a walrus and carpenter who lures oysters into a conversation and then eats them all. It's a funny, absurd poem full of outlandish settings where the sun and moon are in the sky simultaneously, and oysters wore shoes although they had no feet. The Walrus and the Carpenter hugely inspired culture and wild interpretations. A faction believes that they represent Buddha and Jesus Christ. Others thought that they stood for the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Of course, Martin Gardner rubbishes both sections. The poem did appear in iconic pop culture references. Beatles' I am the Walrus refers to the poem. Much later, Lennon regretted doing so because he hadn't realised that the walrus was the antagonist. Lines have been quoted in Dr Who, Ayn Rand's Fountainhead and Agatha Christie's The Clocks.
It would not be a complete discussion if we didn't touch upon Alice in Wonderland, the book that catapulted Carroll into fame that lasted across centuries. This book and its sequel Through the Looking Glass are swarming with banter, math, puzzles, and paradoxes. The narrative is full of riddles. Everyone must vaguely recollect the Mad Hatter's famous "Why is a raven like a writing desk?".
Interestingly, Carroll admitted that he too had no answer to the riddle when he wrote it. The puzzle perplexed many, including Aldous Huxley. In the later versions, the answer was included. According to Carroll, "Because it can produce a few notes, tho they are very flat; and it is nevar put with the wrong end in the front." Notice how he misspells nevar as a rearrangement of the word raven. His narratives frequently included acrostic poems, a writing style in which every stanza provides clues to a particular word.
The fact that we know so little about Lewis Carroll stands testament to the systematic marginalisation of children's fiction as just for children. Several other books suffer the same fate of not being taken seriously because their central readership continues to be kids. Whether its Wind in the Willows or Gulliver's Travels, we do tend never to revisit the books we've read and loved even if fiction, reality, and language were just half-baked concepts in our innocent minds. Somedays, it is imperative that we stop to thank the authors who we've perhaps given fame but not enough credit for shaping our imagination.
Lewis Carroll, thank you for normalising the weird. Thank you for providing children in every house of the world a rabbit hole to jump into and explore in their dreams.
The February Reading List: Short Stories for a Shorter Month
February 5, 2021 February 6, 2021 TheSeer TeamLeave a comment
With the hope that you were able to pick a few books from our January reading list, we bring you a set of recommendations for the month of February. As this month is always a day or two short when it comes to a calendar year, we have dedicated the month to short stories. We are sure you will enjoy all these books and get to know more about Indian people, our habits, and our culture through these stories.
Boats on Land: A Collection of Short Stories – Janice Pariat
This book brings the northeastern part of India closer to us through stories that touch historical contexts as well as the folklores of the region. Janice Pariat weaves tales that paint pictures from different time periods in this book published by RHI. You can purchase a copy here.
In a Forest, a Deer: Stories by Ambai (English & Tamil)
Originally written in Tamil by Ambai and translated into English by Lakshmi Holmstrom, the book tells many tales with female protagonists and touches several social subjects of Indian life. Published by Oxford University Press, you will read great prose written in the inimitable style that has come to characterise Ambai's writing. Get a copy here.
Teresa's Man and other stories from Goa: Damodar Mauzo (English translation from Konkani)
Damodar Mauzo is one of the most effulgent signatures of contemporary Konkani literature. His collection of Konkani stories boasts of stories that manifest the not so known facets of Goa. The stories are relatable and yet very essentially local. The book has been translated by Xavier Cota and published by Rupa Publications. Buy the book here.
Meri Priya Kahaniyaan – Amrita Pritam
This book is in Hindi and has a collection of legendary writer Amrita Pritam's favourite stories from her own writings. These stories sketch the love, desire, emotions, and pain in a woman's life. Published by Rajpal & Sons, pick this book up to read some heartening stories by the author. Get a copy here.
Usha Kiran Khan Ki Lokpriya Kahaniyan – Usha Kiran Khan
Padma Shri Usha Kiran Khan is a prolific writer in Maithili and Hindi and is also a Sahitya Akademi award winner for her book – Bhamati: Ek Avismarniya Premkatha in Maithili. This book has 24 Hindi stories from the author that deal with questions of female identity, dignity, and the difficult realities of their lives. Published by Prabhat Prakashan, this book consists some of the most loved stories by Usha Kiran Khan. Buy your copy here.
India's Freedom, Partition, and the Two Birthdays of Khushwant Singh – A Tribute
February 2, 2021 February 1, 2021 Bhumika Soni1 Comment
The first time I was introduced to the writings of the veteran Khushwant Singh was in the secondary classes of my schooling. The short story that was taught as a chapter of the English text book was 'The Portrait of a Lady.' It's a memoir about his grandmother and her last days with him. Even as a child, I was mesmerized by his nuanced portrayal of his grandmother and her eccentricities. It was indeed like a portrait coming alive in a child's mind. Well, the association ended with writing answers about the text in the class tests but the fact that I remembered it even after the school days can be ascribed to his way of putting the words together so perfectly that they get etched forever in your mind. They generate a sense of belonging whose essence lingers around for long.
The next time I picked up his book was in my college. My roommate had issued this book whose title was the same as the story I had read in school. I recalled it immediately and seized it from her to taste more of his fascinating stories.
It was while reading these stories; I discovered that his stories remain with you for a long time because they have an element of human emotions and follies amalgamated into a lucid plot full of twists. He is funny and bold. He does not hesitate to say what is difficult to say. For instance, stories like 'The Rape' and 'The Riot' in the book left me startled and numb for a moment, so did his captivating novel Train to Pakistan. It is yet another tale of partition and its aftermath but told with such appalling episodes and gripping description of the most bloated times of Indian history that it makes a unique space for itself in the Indian literature. The story traces the fate of an otherwise silent village which erupts in the flames of hatred among different religious communities after the arrival of a train full of dead bodies in the wake of partition. The story shivers you with fear and leaves with pity.
His love for his religion and cities he had lived has frequently seeped into his writings. He wrote two volumes on the history of Sikhs which till date remain the most comprehensive and authoritative books on the Sikhs and the evolution of Sikhism. He had been deeply attached to his birthplace, Hadali situation in Punjab of undivided India, now in Pakistan. After partition, he visited Hadali for three times and after he passed away in March 2014, a portion of his ashes was taken by train to Pakistan and buried there, as described in one of his journals collected in the book Punjab, Punjabiyat and Punjabis. The book is a nostalgic journey to the anecdotes of his life relating to the state of Punjab and its people who had great influence on him. The book starts with a description of the land of Punjab and its beauty in different weathers which teleports you to the land itself. It's like a vicarious stroll in the fields of Punjab with a light breeze scenting the surroundings with its freshness. He not only wrote about his land and its people but also stood up right as the true son of the soil. His anguish at the storming of the Golden temple by the army during Operation Blue Star was so great that he returned the Padma Bhushan awarded to him by the government.
How much ever one writes about him falls short for what he has given us to chuckle and ponder upon. He was among India's best-known and most widely read author and an acclaimed journalist. He published six novels among other works. The book, Delhi: A Novel, his magnum opus sold its first edition even before the copy was available in the stores. The novel weaves the city of Delhi and its life over 600 years into his bold and bawdy imaginary characters bound in love, lust, violence, and vendetta.
There is no dearth of his work even if one commits to read all. He has been a treasure house of stories and anecdotes. I cannot end this without sharing an interesting anecdote from his book Punjab, Punjabiyat and Punjabis. His parents forgot to make a note of his birth date and years later, when his father was filling his school form in Delhi, he put his birthday as February 2nd, 1915 out of imagination. Further, he writes-"Several years later, my grandmother told me that I was born in badroo (roughly in August by Gregorian calendar). I decided to fix it in the middle of the month, to 15 August 1915, and made myself a Leo. Thirty two years later, in 1947, 15 August became the birthday of independent India." So unknowingly, he even contributed to the diary of coincidences. He indeed deserves two birthdays!
Wishing the master storyteller and a man full of life and laughter a very Happy Birthday. Shall wish him again in August too!
Walking the Thin Wall Between Death and Freedom in Viktor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning
January 24, 2021 January 24, 2021 JeevaNayagiLeave a comment
Many mornings we find ourselves waking up to thoughts that question the purpose of our existence. The endless monotony of our lives makes us wonder why we do the things we do. I am no different. I have spent years questioning the sufferings of life. I have always wished for someone, anyone who can answer these questions for me and put an end to this agony. I realised I have been looking in the wrong direction, until I read Viktor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning.
This classic book comprises two parts. In the first part Viktor Frankl chronicles his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps during World War II. The second part introduces you to the concept of Logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy founded by Viktor Frankl. Although I have read about Holocaust through internet and various articles, this was the first time I was reading a full blown book based on it.
Being aware of the horrors of these camps, I was prepared to drown myself in tears of despair. However, my experience with the book turned out to be quite the opposite. It was empowering to my surprise and I can't begin to explain the strange strength that it instilled within me. It could probably be because of the detached, 'academic' narrative style of the author. It could also be because of the realization that none of my sufferings are nowhere near to that of Viktor's.
The book doesn't merely chronicle the everyday experiences of a concentration camp. Instead, it examines the human behaviour through each of these events and thereby encourages you to introspect the events in your own life and your reactions to them. That the 'existential vacuum', 'the state of boredom', and 'sunday neurosis' of which Viktor spoke of as early as 1945 is still relatable in 2021 is rather preposterous and yet comforting. When he speaks of 'the thought of suicide' as something that "was entertained by nearly everyone if only for a brief time", I begin to understand a little of the many suicidal deaths that left me rattled in 2020. He says, "It was born of the hopelessness of the situation, the constant danger of death looming over us daily and hourly, and the closeness of the deaths suffered by many of the others".
The part where Viktor talks of his wife and how "Love goes very far beyond the physical person of the beloved", is achingly beautiful. Despite the knowledge that he survived the camp, your heart skips a beat when you learn of those days when he was walking a thin wall between death and freedom. From the young woman who talks to the tree to those men who walk through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread, the book brings to you many inspiring tales. As Frankl puts it, "They may have been few in number, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms — to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way."
The greatest comfort that the book gave me, however, was the opportunity to realign my attitude to the circumstances of life. I remember writing in the beginning of 2020, that I would ditch 'forced positivity'. However, Frankl's inspiring inferences have got me thinking again. According to him, "Ultimately, man should not ask what the meaning of his life is, but rather must recognize that it is he who is asked. In a word, each man is questioned by life; and he can only answer to life by answering for his own life; to life he can only respond by being responsible."
Not the answer I was expecting, but this changes the way I look at life and its purposefulness. I am only grateful that this is one of the books I started the year with because it fills me with such hope and vigor.
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Tagore's Nastanirh Is a Tale of Unsaid Emotions in the Crossfires of Tradition and Modernity
January 21, 2021 January 22, 2021 Vidisha GhoshLeave a comment
Nastanirh translates into The Broken Nest. One that is not broken only because of the romantic, intellectual, and sexual gulf that exists between its prime occupants. It is broken because each occupant is fighting a storm of loneliness, unrequited love, and misconstrued creativity. Swirling in this quiet storm, wandering the corridors of her mansion, childless and deep within, a child herself is Tagore's bright yet confined Charu.
Nastanirh is the story of people, their clay-like identities, and their unsaid emotions caught in the crossfires of tradition and modernity. Positioned at the dynamic nib of the Bengal Renaissance, the novella is a keen eye into the Bengali household's inner workings, its men and women, its 'liberal' ideologies and their impact on relationships. The story follows the tumultuous lives of Bhupati, Charu and Amal. The tumult is not blatantly visible. Thoughts are unexpressed and words are half-formed. Within the pauses, there is suffering.
Charu is a young wife in a time that was seemingly looking up for women in educated families. Nabeena, or the New Woman of the late 1800s, was outspoken, cultured and freely dabbling in literature and intellectual discourse. However, the real picture is not as rosy. Charu, a prototype of this nabeena, exercises her agency only within her sprawling home's architectural confines and the boundaries defined by her role as Bhupati's wife and Amal's sister-in-law. Oscillating between a husband who for all his progressionist views cannot fulfil his wife's emotional needs and a pampered, vain brother-in-law whose affections she was desperate for, Charu functioned in a bewildering time for women.
19th-century Bengal, for the lack of a better expression, was awkward. Two very different forces were struggling to become one. On the one hand was Christian imperialism, on the other was the Hindu traditionality. Together, they constituted the archetypal Bhadralok who lived a life oscillating between Anglophilia and Bengali customs. In this novella, the bhadralok is Bhupati. Bhupati is described as a person of such wealth that he does not need to work or earn. However, his love for oration and journalism leads him to establish an English newspaper. Like an obstinate lover that entraps a spouse, the newspaper becomes a shield that Charu cannot penetrate. Once a child bride, his wife has silently blossomed into a woman, without his involvement or companionship. Bhupati is not a cruel man. He cares for Charu. He wants her to be happy. He even encourages her to write. However, he is guilty of assuming the truth instead of knowing it. When he does, at the very end of the novella, it is too late. They fall prey to a marriage that aged prematurely, stunting both Charu and Bhupati's ability to comfort each other and find solace in each other's company.
Amal, his mischievous personality and the need to care for his every whim kept Charu moving. Charu's days were structured around pampering her brother-in-law. From preparing his breakfast to asking him for books and discussing plans about remodelling the garden, Amal was Charu's most prized possession. Adding fuel to their friendship is their love for literature. So profoundly does Charu feel for Amal that when he publishes one of his poems, she sees it as a betrayal of confidence. Steadily, external influences creep into their once tender relationship. When a critic praises Charu's writing, it fosters a deep sense of unease and competition. The final blow is Amal's abrupt departure. His absence makes Charu hysterical, making her distressingly conscious of her newfound feelings as a woman and causing her marriage to burst open and expose its dry core.
Between Bhupati and Amal, Charu was seen as a naive woman who needed moulding. The former was a loving patron, treating her like a child. Amal was vain, almost hostile when Charu's writing is valued. For him, she was a student and a blind admirer. Muddled in his pride, Amal believed that Charu must condemn the critic who praised her and disregarded him. He disapproved of her overstepping her boundaries as his loving bou-than (sister-in-law) and developing a writing style of her own. Charu's writing style is symbolic of her personality. The second it fluttered and attempted to grow, her surroundings made her guilty of her desire to fly.
I could never fathom where Charu belonged or in which direction her thoughts were headed towards. The two men in her life were torn apart by progress and conservatism, and their internal confusion had a direct bearing on the trajectory of Charu's life.
For a novel published in 1901, and like all of Tagore's writing, Nastanirh was wonderfully ahead of its times. The book is audacious, elegant, and deeply saddening. The narrative is straightforward, lucid, and brimming with emotion. They overflow into the reader, making one acutely aware of each feeling. Tagore's ability to weave complex emotions and situations together is beyond description. To call his writing a 'revelation', 'magical', 'powerful', or 'transportive' would be churning out cliches. Tagore's power is unbelievable. When he writes about Charu weeping in her balcony, you feel your chest tightening and your lungs gasping for breath, mirroring his heroine's suffocation.
A significant portion of the credit must be attributed to translator par excellence, Arunava Sinha. For a Bengali who cannot read the language well enough to complete a novella, it is a saving grace to stumble upon a translated copy that is competent enough to convey the story in its entirety, from establishing the typical ambience of a wealthy Bengali's mansion to deftly conveying the emotional mayhem. I've had the pleasure of reading several of Sinha's translations including Chowringhee and The Boat Wreck. He is without a shadow of a doubt, the best there is.
Nastanirh has a particularly thought-provoking end. It is a story where you know that each character is severely damaged and emotionally limited. When Charu refuses to leave with Bhupati, there is an air of finality about her decision. However, one is left wondering. Will Charu ever cope? How will life move on? Estranged from her husband, her Amal and her writing, where does Charu spread her wings? Her journey reminds the reader that the Bengal Renaissance might as well have been a masculine fantasy. Men with great ideals of moving forward didn't enjoy when women thought of doing so. It was not unkindness as much as it was obliviousness. They didn't know better. Women can be writers, only if she is a wife and sister-in-law first.
The Color Purple: Understanding Alice Walker's Womanism
January 16, 2021 January 18, 2021 Khushi AgarwalLeave a comment
Many African American women have preferred the term womanism to black feminism. The term is taken from the Southern black folk expression of mothers to female children "you acting womanish". Womanish girls acted in outrageous, courageous, and wilful ways as opposed to frivolous, irresponsible, and 'girlish'. Womanism is rooted in the black woman's historical experience of racial and gender oppression and consciously set itself apart from the white feminist movement. The Color Purple read in this context is a powerful, womanist narrative of the personal development of Celie, an African American woman living in early twentieth century rural Georgia.
The 1982 novel is written as a collection of letters she wrote to God and later, to her sister Nettie through her teenage and adult years. This epistolary form has been used repeatedly in women's writings owing to its subjective nature. These letters are Celie's expression of the violence and abuse she is regularly subjected to, first by her father, then by her husband. Written through the sensibilities of a teenage girl, it is an honest and brutal rendition. It is a novel that has been praised for breaking the silence around domestic and sexual abuse by narrating the lives of women in all honesty. Simultaneously, it has been subjected to numerous protests from some African American church groups and male writers who disapproved of showing love between women and violence against women within their community. Such is the politics of the African American woman, their voices are attacked both by the white supremacists and men within their community.
The narrative goes beyond a documentation of discrimination, as Celie tells us her story she also grows and changes. Celie's transformation happens with the support of other black women giving importance to the black women's sense of community, an important idea within womanist theory. Her interactions with Sofia, her stepson Harpo's wife, shape her. Sofia is absolutely different from Celie, she would never let Harpo beat her but fight back. Through her interaction with Shug Avery, Celie begins to explore her sexuality, Shug also protects her from her husband. They are both 'womanish' role models for Celies. They are also women Celie nurses and aids, forging relationships of mutual support. We see colored women supporting each-other throughout the novel, even women who are otherwise shown to be at odds with each other. The Color Purple is about Celie exploring her sexuality and gaining autonomy, not her seeking a conventional marriage. This makes The Color Purple markedly different from the earlier 18th century woman centred novels which ended with the protagonist's marriage and wealth acquisition or death.
It is a beautifully imagined journey of emancipation. Celie is soon disillusioned by the white Christian God. That is when she decides to stop writing letters to God and write to Nettie instead. Shug says, "When I found out I thought God was white, and a man, I lost interest."(175)
Celie and Shug together explore an answer from within their own culture. The lives of the natives still living in Africa are also explored through Nettie's experiences and her own attempt to negotiate between the Christian and Olinka traditions. The novel itself is written in the Black English vernacular questioning the hegemony of the language spoken largely by whites.
Celie's quest for self development is hindered by both sexism and racism. Later, she also discovers that she is marginalised from dominant society by her sexual preference. According to the premise of intersectionality, race, and gender oppression does not merely 'add up'. The Combahee River Collective Statement of 1977 helps us locate The Color Purple within the Black feminist (and womanist) struggle. It declares that Black women's 'liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else's.' The novel is about Celie's individual experience but can be seen as establishing the universality of a female and racial quest for selfhood. To read Alice Walker's work outside this political context would be a gross act of unseeing. It is a novel that documents pain and suffering and yet it is essentially an optimistic work. There is the possibility of overcoming barriers, emancipation and even reconciliation. However, a positive ending does not mean an end to the conflict that drives the novel. The power structures of race, class, and gender are still in place. Would we say then that it is a book giving us a false sense of hope? Maybe, but being a part of Celie's journey of emancipation sensitizes the reader. The novel engages in a transformation of the reader as the protagonist transforms. This power to move its reader is the revolutionary potential of The Color Purple. That is what makes it, in Peter S. Prescott's words "A novel of permanent importance."
Reference: WHAT'S IN A NAME? Womanism, Black Feminism, and Beyond by Patricia Hill Collins


Time magazine has unveiled its 2017 "person of the year" with the award going to "the Silence Breakers", the social movement aimed at raising awareness about sexual harassment and assault of women, epitomised by the #MeToo social media hashtag.
This year's joint runners-up went to US president Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping.
There had been some controversy in this year's polling after North Korean dictator and nuclear fetishist, Kim Jung-Un, was named among the finalists.
The #MeToo movement began in October after actress-activist Alyssa Milano tweeted: "If you've been sexually harassed or assaulted write 'me too' as a reply to this tweet." The hashtag was tweeted 500,000 over the next two days.
Time's cover features women behind the movement including celebrities Ashley Judd (who was one of the women who outed serial predator Harvey Weinstein) and Taylor Swift, Uber engineer Susan Fowler, lobbyist Adama Iwu, and Isabel Pascual, a strawberry picker from Mexico whose name was changed to protect her identity. You can also see the arm of a sixth person on the cover, who is reportedly a Texan hospital worker who suffered sexual harassment and but fears the repercussions of disclosing her identity.
However, not everyone's happy with Swift's inclusion on the cover. The singer apparently garnered her spot after winning a lawsuit this year against an American DJ, David Mueller, who allegedly groped her during a 2013 meet-and-greet. Many suggesting others were more deserved in light of the vile allegations against Weinstein, namely the actress Rose McGowan who was allegedly raped by Weinstein and had been a vehement campaigner against the Hollywood producer.


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You are here: Home » Startup Funding » WATCHMASTER Raises $5.5M in Series A
WATCHMASTER Raises $5.5M in Series A
by: Editor - November 30th, 2015
WATCHMASTER a pan-European full-service trading platform for new and pre-owned luxury watches has recently raised $5.5M in Series A. The announcement is made on November 30, 2015. The investors who participated in the round include Cherry Ventures and Piton Capital.
WATCHMASTER has raised $7M so far in three rounds from four investors including Cherry Ventures, Philipp Magin, Piton Capital and Ronny Lange.
Stephan Heller and Ronny Ahlswede founded WATCHMASTER in the early summer of 2015. The company is headquartered in Berlin and employs more than 50 people.
The company has established itself within a very short time in online luxury watch market. It sets Watch Master on innovative Internet technology in digital commerce and combines them with competent and personal advice.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


According to the concept of its founders, the viewer no longer needs to guess what feelings the actor experiences on stage, since neural network does the job. Technology senses the actors' emotions straight from the brain and translates them to the audience by means of light, color, music, and rhythm.
This time the Circle of Light is going to set a new Ginness record and present an even more large-scale video projection in seven venues.


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Paul Oz Michael Schumacher 'Ferrari' Rolled Print
071-POM3S-RP
Limited Stock - Order Soon
Celebrate seven-time World Champion, Michael Schumacher, with this exceptional piece of artwork, by renowned F1 artist, Paul Oz.
Rolled Print
Artwork by Paul Oz
Rolled print measures approximately 109cmW x 45cmH
This rolled print depicts Michael Schumacher during his career with Ferrari. Schumacher drove for Ferrari between 1996 and 2006. He claimed five of his seven Drivers' World Championship titles with the team, in 2000, 2001, 2022, 2003, and 2004.
Whether wanting to decorate your home with motorsport art or whether you're looking to revamp your office, this artwork is the perfect piece.
Explore our ultimate F1 store further for more F1 collectibles, F1 car parts, F1 racewear, F1 wall art, and F1 gifts for F1 fans - plus much more!


I would like to nominate The Old Bull and Bush pub for ACV status as it is a very valuable to local residents who have no other pub within reasonable walking distance. They also use it for events they cannot hold at home. It is also heavily used by Heath walkers as a meeting place and as a place to socialise with other walkers.
I completely agree. It has been very well refurbished and is a pleasant place in which to relax. It could be so much better if the existing car park, which is set back from the main road, were to be converted into a lovely woodland garden.


Looking to buy or sell Nickel? List your company on Macro Market.
The top exporters of Nickel are Russia ($1.82B), Canada ($1.4B), Australia ($1.01B), Norway ($1B) and the Netherlands ($465M). The top importers are China ($2.18B), the United States ($1.27B), the Netherlands ($746M), Germany ($717M) and Switzerland ($505M).
Nickel is also known as unwrought, alloys.
Nickel is a 4 digit SITC product.
This treemap shows the share of countries that export Nickel.
This treemap shows the share of countries that import Nickel.
This visualization shows products that are likely to be exported by countries that export Nickel.


After weeks of teasing, we can all lay the speculation to rest as James Jean & Jeff Staple powered by Mighty Jaxx sculpture prototype is revealed! Like we've said before. These two names and powered by the folks at Mighty Jaxx should send a few shockwaves in the art collectable/ designer toy scene. We were shocked when Mighty Jaxx teased us like a stripper with an image (which you can see below) with the title Jeff Staple x James Jean. Not one but TWO artists who've made huge impacts in the art world today.
Inspired by street culture and design, Staple Pigeon's world renowned reach encompasses many different landscapes such as fashion, music, sport, and art that reflects the gritty and never-ending energy that New Yorkers (and all urban dwellers) possesses.
For it's 20th Anniversary this year, Staple is working with James Jean, a visual artist known for his densely layered imagery combining contemporary culture and age-old allegories for a limited edition figure releasing this year.
We all know that Akira Kurosawa's films are a great work of art but James Jean and jeffstaple (Staple Pigeon) are taking that inspiration to the next level. Elegantly sculpted in PVC , there lies a deathly stillness to this piece of work as seen in the ending of Throne of Blood where actor Toshiro Mifune was rained with arrows by his very own skilled archers. The pigeon poses like an actor in Noh—a form of Japanese theatre originating in the 14th century, taking cue from this visual style that was infused into the film.
Where solid gold heritage meets credit, you are definitely in for a treat on this one!
The sculpture looks like a big crossover of two worlds Jeff Staple's Staple Pigeon trademark icon and James Jean surreal fine art rolled into one. One thing it's great to see Mighty Jaxx having two huge artist work together and making an art collectable. Let us pray the quality will be up to scratch. Definitely going to be a centrepiece in our collection.
Crafted in collaboration with Jeff Staple (Staple Pigeon), prep yourself for this limited drop as it lasts for 24 hours only!
When famed artist James Jean and design aficionado Jeff Staple gets together to create an art piece, we all know that it is going to take the stage by storm. This 30-second enigmatic teaser gives us a glimpse of what to expect from this wicked collaboration between the two creative powerhouses. Stay tuned for more info on this sick drop this weekend!
I hope we get to see a print of the wonderful sketch too.


The FBI has an interest in a French restaurant in Colorado — and not for the the Escargots à la Bourguignonne or "Loch Duart" Scottish Salmon on the menu.
The New York Times reports that FBI has requested surveillance video from the Aspen restaurant Cache Cache to look at a Saturday night confrontation between world-famous cyclist Lance Armstrong and former teammate Tyler Hamilton, who is a witness in a doping investigation targeting Armstrong.
Jodi Larner, a co-owner of the French restaurant, told the Times Tuesday that the FBI told her it would subpoena the surveillance tape.
The Times reported that investigators want to see if the confrontation amounted to witness tampering.
Posted: 6/15/11 at 9:22 AM under FBI, News Story.


This post is a bit late since I got busy with that whole concept of "work." We had two great days off which made for a grand total of 2 days spent working this week. That was thanks in part to snow and in part to the MLK holiday. The snow was so pretty (for a while), and little H loved playing in it (I was frozen in 5 minutes). To be truthful, I'm really craving spring. Bad. I was evening pinteresting (is that a verb???) spring clothes, spring decor, spring anything last night. What a wild Friday night, right?!?!? Here is my winter-longing-for-spring-themed 5 for Friday. Enjoy!
Pioneer Woman's Hot Chocolate – I never grew up having hot cocoa. It was always hot chocolate, and I was so excited to get Holden to try some. This proved tricky since he hates hot/warm foods and drinks. After several sessions of blowing on it plus the addition of a fun straw to our mug, I got him to try it. Of course, he loved it! How could he not?!?!? His mom has a serious chocolate addiction. Seriously, I get concerned sometimes. Here is the link to the recipe we did. We had the basic hot chocolate although I'm not too sure there's anything "basic" about it. Note: I had 0 half and half, so I used some of H's whole milk instead. Beware! This is rich stuff!
Art time – Holden loves "coloring!" I confess I don't give him as many opportunities as I would like to get messy. Sometimes, it seems there is just no time during the week to drag out the paint and such. We did take time this past Tuesday to dot and swipe with paint. I have used these Bingo markers from Dollar Tree for like 100 years, and I "thought" they were perfect for Holden. He loves to dot the paint on, and there is easier for him to control than a paint brush. However…I finally read the label which said nontoxic, but it also said keep away from children! 😦 Mom fail. I'm on the look-out for replacement ones that are child friendly. I confess these bingo markers have been in use for 7, count them 7 years, and still work. Perhaps it is something scary inside them!
Tulips – Holden and I took a mini field trip on our last snow day. Unfortunately, the main stop we were heading to as closed, but we did end up at Whole Foods. Now, I hardly ever go here. It is typically slammed pack full of people. Not to mention, their prices are quite out of my food budget range. When I do go, it's almost like I'm on a tour at a museum. Just to look. We did end up picking up some organic popped popcorn which has been a nice treat since I never buy popcorn. Did you know corn is the most genetically modified food on the planet? I've had to resort to buying organic frozen corn and just trying to ignore the fact that most corn add-ins are GMO. Anywho, this popcorn was NOT GMO corn. Yay! We also picked up some beautiful pink tulips. They are currently very chilly but oh-so-pretty by my kitchen window.
Note: This is obviously not my kitchen. This picture was taken from the Whole Foods website. Here is a link for taking care of your tulip beauties.
Swimsuit – Dreaming of warm weather is my number one daydreamin' job. I did a little looking on Victoria's Secret on our snow days and found some cute (and on sale!) swimsuits. There are my top three picks. Leave a comment and tell me what you think.
Here is the link to swim sales at VS.
I picked up the little grapevine 3 hearts from Goodwill for about $2. What a find!
Cinnamon Buns (made heart-shaped, of course!) See link here.
Cauliflower Pizza Crust with toppin's (This is going to be interesting! Link here. ) I may make one small one, and then do Bagel Bites-esque pizza for the Mr. and H in case they revolt against my cauliflower!
Dessert – I'm thinking something more decadent since we're eating so healthy with our veggie pizza! Chocolate Mousse! Link here.
Do you have any special plans for Valentine's Day? Any traditions?
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Art with Toddler, Decor, Holiday, Pioneer Woman, Ree Drummond, Swimsuit, Valentine's Day, Victoria's Secret. Bookmark the permalink.


AIM's In-Person Assistor/Navigator Program helps individuals and families enroll in health plans through NY State of Health, the state's online insurance marketplace.
The program is free and confidential. The Navigator Program is funded by a grant from the New York State Department of Health, and has no ties to any insurance companies. While AIM primarily offers programs and services for people with disabilities, the Navigator Program serves the general public.
Eligibility for coverage through NY State of Health is based on income and size of household.
Consumers can enroll in qualified health plans offered by private insurers such as Excellus Blue Cross Blue Shield and Fidelis, and receive tax credits and other subsidies under the Affordable Care Act to lower monthly premiums as well as other out-of-pocket costs such as co-pays and deductibles.
Those who are income-eligible can enroll in public health programs including Medicaid, Child Health Plus and the Essential Plan.
Dental insurance is also available through the marketplace.
Enrollment in qualified health plans is available only during the annual open enrollment period which typically begins in November, unless there has been a qualifying life event such as losing employer-based insurance; moving; getting married or divorced; having a child; or losing eligibility for Medicaid, Child Health Plus or the Essential Plan.
Enrollment into Medicaid, Child Health Plus and the Essential Plan is available year-round.
Small businesses can set up group plans for their employees through NY State of Health at any time.
AIM's navigators are available in Steuben, Chemung, Schuyler and Allegany counties.
Navigators are located at AIM's offices in Corning, Bath, Elmira, Montour Falls and Belmont. They also offer appointments at libraries and hospitals in area communities. Evening and weekend appointments are available. For an appointment, call AIM at (888) 962-8244.
If your organization would like to schedule a presentation or invite a navigator to an event, contact Navigator Program Coordinator Breanna Wilson at bwilson@aimcil.com.


Victoria's Secret model Candice Swanepoel is stunning in a bikini just three weeks after giving birth to her second child. Daily Mail published new photos of the star proudly showing off her post-baby body during a recent trip to the beach just weeks after she welcomed her son, Ariel, into the world.
The new candid paparazzi snaps feature Candice showing off her middle and putting her hand on her tummy as she paddled in the ocean while sporting tiny red and white polka dot bikini bottoms and a white off the shoulder bikini top.
The site reported that Swanepoel made her latest beach trip a family day as she enjoyed some time on the sand while in Brazil, but opted to leave her newborn son at home.
Instead, Candice enjoyed some time in her bikini two-piece at the beach with her eldest son, 1-year-old Anacan, as well as her parents who were all photographed splashing around in the sea while together in South America.
Swanepoel stunned in the new snaps, scraping back her long hair into a bun and accessorizing her bikini with gold hoop earrings as she stepped into the ocean as she revealed her toned legs and arms.
Incredibly, it was just three weeks ago that Swanepoel and her fiancé, Brazilian model Hermann Nicoli, welcomed their second son into the world.
As reported by People, the couple – who got engaged in 2015 – became parents for the second time on June 19 after Candice gave birth at their home in Brazil.
Swanepoel confirmed the exciting news of their son's birth with a sweet photo she shared of herself holding her newborn with her 12.3 million followers on Instagram.
"Thank you so much for all the well wishes… Our little man was born this morning at home and he couldn't be more perfect," the supermodel wrote in the caption of the snap, while Candice also added two heart emojis to her post.
Candice also confirmed her baby son's name on the social media site, where she gushed over the bond he will now have with his older brother.
As Inquisitr previously reported, Swanepoel proudly showed off her growing baby bump before giving birth to her baby boy last month.
Candice was spotted flaunting her bare baby bump during a trip to the beach mere days before giving birth for the second time, while she also shared a number of bikini bump photos on her Instagram account while she was still expecting.


Look up forcemeat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Forcemeat (derived from the French farcir, "to stuff") is a mixture of ground, lean meat mixed with fat by grinding, sieving, or puréeing the ingredients. The result may either be smooth or coarse, depending on the desired consistency of the final product. Forcemeats are used in the production of numerous items found in charcuterie, including quenelles, sausages, pâtés, terrines, roulades, and galantines. Forcemeats are usually produced from raw meat, except in the case of a gratin. Meats commonly used include pork, fish (pike, trout, or salmon), seafood, game meats (venison, boar, or rabbit), poultry, game birds, veal, and pork livers. Pork fatback is preferred as a fat, as it has a somewhat neutral flavor.
Forcemeats are an ancient food, and are included in Apicius, a collection of Roman cookery recipes, usually thought to have been compiled in the late 4th or early 5th century AD.
Produced by progressively grinding equal parts pork and pork fat with a third ingredient, a dominant meat, which can be pork or another meat. The portions are cubed and then seasoned, cured, rested, ground and finally placed into the desired vessel.
A combination of pork and pork fat, often with the addition of pork liver and garnish ingredients. The texture of this finished product is coarse.
Has a portion of the main protein browned.
Very light in texture, utilizing lean cuts of meat usually from veal, poultry, fish, or shellfish. The resulting texture comes from the addition of eggs and cream to this forcemeat.
Often, the only binder in a forcemeat is the physical structure of the protein used. Sometimes a secondary binder is necessary to hold the mixture. These binders are generally needed when preparing the country-style and gratin forcemeats. The three types of binders are eggs, dry milk powder, and panades. A panade can be made from starchy ingredients which aid in the binding process; these include well-cooked potatoes which have been puréed, cream-soaked bread, or pâte à choux.
^ a b c d e The Culinary Institute of America, 299.
^ Hurt, J.; King, J. (2012). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Sausage Making. THE COMPLETE IDIOT'S GUIDE. DK Publishing. p. pt27. ISBN 978-1-101-57224-5. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
^ The Culinary Institute of America, 300.
The Culinary Institute of America. Garde Manger: The Art and Craft of the Cold Kitchen. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. ISBN 978-0-470-05590-8.


Hammers are an essential tool for every craftsman. It is used for creating a sudden force impact on an object or for removing embedded objects like nails and other things. A hammer is a multi-utility tool and has very diverse functionality. No tool kit is complete without having at least a hammer in it. It is a hand tool used to blow an object. Usually, it is used for driving nails, fit parts, forge metal, and break apart objects. Hammers vary in shape, size, and structure, depending on their purposes.
There are as many types of hammers out there as there are its uses. Here is the list of some of the most commonly used hammers professionally and otherwise.
A brick hammer is a special type of hammer for breaking bricks into two. It has a chisel point on one side and a regular hammer head on the other. A great utility tool those who work with bricks.
A curved claw hammer is the most common hammer that is ever made. Almost every home has one. It has a curved fork type structure at one end that is used for pulling functions and the other end is used for beating or smashing purpose.
This type of hammer is used by professionals engaged in denting and painting of automobiles. It has a disc-like appendage at one end and a pointed appendage at one end. It is usually used to remove dents from the vehicles and is most commonly found in body shops.
Used by those who are in the profession of working with metals, this type of hammer has a flat one side and a ball like shape on the other end. Typically used for hammering and shaping rivets, a proper professional would have a kit of ball peen hammers of different sizes in his kit.


The individual business units that support Gowanda Components Group include Gowanda Electronics, TTE Filters, Instec Filters, Communication Coil, Butler Winding and now Microwave Circuits.
All three series provide very low insertion loss, minimal return loss, desirable VSWR characteristics and extremely flat gain response over the series-specific frequency ranges. The products are manufactured using high-quality components and processes to deliver superior broadband performance. A summary data table is provided below. RoHS-compliant parts are available upon request.
Please refer to series datasheets for the most up to date information in case any data has changed since the news release issued.
TTE has been manufacturing filters in the USA since 1956 and has particular expertise in short lead times. Expedited lead time as short as 3-5 days is available on many built-to-order filter designs. TTE's new LC9S is a high quality filter series offered from inventory with competitive pricing and same day shipment. This series addresses the market need of customers requiring immediate delivery – when 3 to 5 days is not fast enough.
TTE Filters recently completed creation of a corporate capabilities brochure that provides information about the company's filter designs, typical filter frequencies and related capabilities for the custom design and manufacture of RF and microwave filters. Product developments are also mentioned. The brochure is available as a downloadable PDF at the company website's Capabilities section, where additional helpful links are also provided. For assistance please contact TTE Filters.


text:
The submitted papers should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to ADCAIJ. All paper submissions will be refereed in a double-blind review process by at least two international reviewers with expertise in the relevant subject area.
All contributions presented will be analyzed by external raters according to strict criteria of scientific quality. It is the job of the Editorial Board to emit the final decision based on the reports of the reviewers.
Acknowledgement of reception: Once the contribution has arrived the Journal will acknowledge its arrival and it will be reviewed, the final decision regarding publication corresponding to the Editorial Board.
Peer review system: Each contribution will be reviewed by at least two members of the scientific comitee, and possibly a third one in the case of discrepancy and also by an expert in methodology.
Communications to the author/s: Notification of the acceptance, or not, of original articles will be communicated to the main author within a maximum of 120 days as from acknowledgement of the reception of the article.
Blind review process: In the review process, anonymity of the reviewers will be the norm.
External reviewers: External evaluators will be asked to review the contribution.


text:
Q: construct only be used within computation expressions I'v an async function that returns a string asynchronously and I'm calling that function within test method and is throwing computation expressions, what would be the possible fix?
Code
let requestDataAsync (param: string) : Async<string> =
    async {
        Console.WriteLine param
        return "my result"
    }

Test Code
[<TestMethod>]
member this.TestRequestDataAsync() =
    let! result = requestDataAsync("some parameter")

    Console.WriteLine(result)
    Assert.IsTrue(true)

Error for this line let! result = requestDataAsync("some parameter")

This construct can only be used within computation expressions

Question, How to wait and display the result of the async function?

A: Calls to let! must appear at the top level of the computation expression. You can fix it by creating a nested async { } block:
[<TestMethod>]
member this.TestRequestDataAsync() =
async
{
    let! result = requestDataAsync("some parameter")
    Console.WriteLine(result)
    Assert.IsTrue(true)
 }

A: The answer would be to use RunSynchronously. that way you can wait on the function call.
let result = "some parameter" |> requestMetadataAsync |> Async.RunSynchronously

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: I am getting Null pointer exception when i run my app 2nd time java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.String java.lang.String.trim()' on a null object reference

This is the line where the exception is pointing to
  String tot=avg[i+2];
             total=Float.parseFloat(tot);

and
 adapter=new VivaAdapter(Attendance.this,gedata());

I am recieving data in form of string and then converting it into float  ,but the app runs fine first time but second time it throws exception
I tried to change avg[i+2].trim() but dint worked
App crashes every alternative time
Eception log:
/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                                                                                Process: com.example.rushabh123453.attendancepict, PID: 643
                                                                                java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.String java.lang.String.trim()' on a null object reference
                                                                                at java.lang.StringToReal.parseFloat(StringToReal.java:304)
                                                                                at java.lang.Float.parseFloat(Float.java:306)
                                                                                at com.example.rushabh123453.attendancepict.Attendance$Networking1.onPostExecute(Attendance.java:189)
                                                                                at android.os.AsyncTask.finish(AsyncTask.java:636)
                                                                                at android.os.AsyncTask.access$500(AsyncTask.java:177)
                                                                                at android.os.AsyncTask$InternalHandler.handleMessage(AsyncTask.java:653)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
                                                                                at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:211)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5389)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1020)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:815)

A: You should check if String is null. You can't call method trim() String with null value.

A: Add a null check before parsing into float
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(tot)){
   total=Float.parseFloat(tot);
}


text:
Legendary Saint Mary's QB Chris Flynn to have No. 1 jersey retired by the Huskies
Photo courtesy: Saint Mary's Athletics
Saint Mary's University will retire the jersey number of quarterback Chris Flynn.
Flynn wore No. 1 during his Canadian university football career with the Huskies.
"To be the first player to have their jersey retired by Saint Mary's University, the place where I have made so many memories, is truly an honour," Flynn said in a statement.
While Flynn played for SMU he was a dynamic and ultra productive quarterback. Still to the present day Flynn holds the CIAU-CIS-USports mark for most touchdown passes in a career with 87 – no other passer has reached 80. Through four seasons in Halifax, Flynn recorded 7,292 passing yards and led the Huskies to two Vanier Cup games.
The most impressive feat was Flynn becoming and remaining the only player in history to win the Hec Crighton Trophy three times. In 2011, Flynn became the first Canadian university player to ever be inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.


GameWorks Esports Seattle is proud to be the host center for the Seattle Monster Hunter Meetup! Join them every week as they engage in weekly hunts in both Monster Hunter: World on PC and PlayStation 4 and Monster Hunter Generations Ultimate on Nintendo Switch!
We have 39 PCs available for players on Steam! There is no cover fee, monitors provided for players on consoles (HDMI cable required), and food delivered from the restaurant and bar on order.
So bring your console or Steam login and your controller of choice if preferred and come meet the Seattle Monster Hunter community!