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Category: thrash metal
Deceased – Ghostly White
Author adminPublished on September 27, 2019 September 27, 2019
Few bands can lay claim to not have a single weak record in their discography. Arlington, Virginia death/thrash/heavy metal survivalists Deceased have been underground luminaries all the way back to their demo days, although the world at large would only come to know them with their 1991 debut "Luck Of the Corpse" on Relapse Records. It's a nothing short of a miracle that King Fowley and his men have been able to release eight albums. Deceased, after all, is not your everyday death metal band. Their career, now in its third decade, has been cursed by an ungodly amount of bad luck and personal tragedy of about every sort. No wonder then that the release of a new Deceased album is only a sporadic, and nigh-on universally acclaimed, event whenever life allows it to happen. "Ghostly White" is the Virginians first new record since 2011's superb "Surreal Overdose" and was overshadowed by the accidental passing of longtime drummer Dave Castillo while vacationing with his family in his native El Salvador. Castillo also figured into October 31 and had been with Deceased since 2004. "Ghostly White" seems like an appropriate tribute to a fallen colleague as well for a band still haunted by spectres of the past.
Along with Cannibal Corpse, Death, Impetigo, Mortician, Necrophagia, and Repulsion, Deceased were among the pioneering acts to combine the formative death metal sound with horror cinema. On "Luck Of the Corpse" Fowley expressed his love for camp horror, but things took a turn for the mysterious on "The Blueprints For Madness". "Fearless Undead Machines" was a conceptual effort based upon the original trilogy of Dead movies from late Pennsylvania filmmaker George A. Romero (with an added dose of science-fiction). From "Supernatural Addiction" Fowley explored horror and science-fiction literature from Edgar Allan Poe, Richard Matheson, or Oscar Brand. Deceased continued with that literary approach on "As the Weird Travel On" and "Surreal Overdose". Ghosts have always been part and parcel with Deceased but "Ghostly White" is the first instance wherein they form the basis for an entire record. Two decades removed from "Fearless Undead Machines" is the culmination of an evolution the Virginians commenced with their legendary 1997 offering. Not only that, in light of Castillo's all-too-soon passing the title takes on a whole new meaning. "Ghostly White" is a more than loving tribute to their fallen bandmate, drummer, and friend.
Not that Deceased hasn't been busy ever since aligning themselves with underground specialist label Hells Headbangers for the LP version of "Surreal Overdose". In 2015 King and his men released two compilations. First there was "Cadaver Traditions", a double-disc effort that combined the band's out-of-print classic metal cover album "Zombie Hymns" from 2002, as well as 2004's "Rotten to the Core" that saw Deceased covering their favorite hardcore/punk tunes with a whopping 17 tracks of previously unreleased material as a bonus. Second, the band's classic "Birth by Radiation" and "Nuclear Exorcist" demos, from 1988 and 1989, respectively were re-issued in the form of the "Demos from the Grave" compilation. In these times of oversaturation and a near-inpenetrable amount of product, a band like Deceased is a rarity. Here's a band that has lived by the old adage of "quality over quantity". Over a thirty year career they've amassed a respectable discography, but it can hardly be called excessive. Every album has that hard to pinpoint timeless quality. It certainly helps that each is bereft of any modern influence, irrespective of when and by whom it was released. The strength lies in Deceased's immense songwriting skill that draws from several decades worth of metal history, knowledge, and years of collective experience. Like the best bands in the genre Deceased has their own sound, one that few have dared imitate.
Fowley has always been exceptionally gifted as a lyricist and at least since "As the Weird Travel On" he has taken great pains to diversify and branch out thematically. Over the years his ability to weave a compelling narrative has only increased and "Ghostly White" is everything that "Fearless Undead Machines" was while casting a wider net and spanning a number of ethereal – and material subjects. Now moreso than ever is that manifest on "Ghostly White" as it covers the expected amount of classic horror movies and literature, but also some surprisingly real subjects. The record opens with 'Mrs. Allardyce', a song dedicated to the unseen antagonist from Dan Curtis' Burnt Offerings (1976) and the original Robert Marasco novel upon which it was based. It then storms into the most ambitious Deceased epic in recent memory with the absolutely gargantuan 13-minute colossus 'Germ of Distorted Lore'. 'Germ of Distorted Lore' is about many things, but primarily about campfire tales and their function, or how mankind fabricates horror stories in folklore to deal with the fear of the unknown or the not-yet explained. It's easily Deceased's own 'Rhyme Of the Ancient Mariner'. Over the years Deceased has had several brushes with illness and death, and 'A Palpitation's Warning' is just about that. Related to that 'Endless Well' criticizes the boundless mendacity and greed of the pharmaceutical industry, their complicity in substance abuse and addiction, and the surrounding culture of (self) medication that gives rise to said dependencies in the first place. 'The Shivers' is about David Cronenberg's Shivers (1975) and 'Thoughts From a Leaking Brain' was inspired by the gothic horror literature of Edgar Allan Poe. 'Pale Surroundings' (an excellent contender for possible album title in and of itself) is about John Hancock's Let's Scare Jessica to Death (1971), one of the revered American gothic horrors set in contemporary times.
While there's still some merit to labeling Deceased as a death metal band they have, most certainly in the last decade and a half or so, proven again and again that they are, and have been, transcending the boundaries of the genre from whence for many years now. Just like now defunct Arlington, Texas epic doom metal combo Solitude Aeturnus there has always been (or at least since 1995's "The Blueprints For Madness", for those who keep track of such things) a traditional metal component that has only become more prominent and pronounced as the years wore on. Since that time – and as records as "Supernatural Addiction", "As the Weird Travel On" and "Surreal Overdose" have aptly demonstrated – Deceased is a thrash/heavy metal act first and everything else (especially death metal) a far and distant second. Before anything else "Ghostly White" is another jewel in Deceased's already studded crown and all the evidence that good things come to those who wait. Many metal bands often like to talk about integrity but Deceased have been quietly building up a catalog of stellar records that many envy and even fewer can match. Always a niche band, and forever outside of popular taste, "Ghostly White" evinces that age hasn't dulled Deceased. Instead it has only served to strengthen their resolve. Hail King and his men! May the Night of the Deceased be everlasting.
Published on September 27, 2019 September 27, 2019 Author adminCategories Dave Castillo, death metal, Deceased, heavy metal, Hells Headbangers Records, Kingsley Fowley, Les Snyder, Mike Bossier, Mike Smith, Music, Raúl González Serrano, Shane Fuegel, thrash metal, traditional metal
Hypoxia – Abhorrent Disease
Author adminPublished on May 23, 2019 June 7, 2019
Over the last couple of years Queens, New York death metal act Hypoxia has been carving out a respectable niche for itself. Even though they hail from the Big Apple Hypoxia has always been a Florida death metal band at heart. Cannibal Corpse and their "Vile" seem to be the key influence. "Abhorrent Disease" is never overly fast or excessively technical. It primarily rides on pit-friendly grooves, thrashy bursts, and fiery soloing. As much as we enjoyed their debut "Despondent Death" in 2015 it failed to leave much of an impression in the years that followed. It didn't receive much coverage in the specialized press and it looked to be lost in the shuffle. Now, four years later, Hypoxia returns with "Abhorrent Disease" on Selfmadegod Records which should at least help them in terms of visibility. There was never any doubt that Hypoxia would return, but it was more of a question whether or not they would be able to fulfill the potential of their meat-and-patatoes death metal.
Hypoxia is one of those increasingly rare bands that plays death metal, pretty much without any of the conventional prefixes. They play death metal without resorting to the retro or old school qualifiers. It's a welcome return to those bygone days when bands could be easily classified and sub-subgenres weren't as clearly etched out and delineated as they are today. Hypoxia joins European underground acts as Anasarca, Ekpyrosis, and Ferum that proudly fly the banner for traditional death metal. "Despondent Death" was good enough for what it was but didn't leave much of an impression otherwise. "Abhorrent Disease" seeks to remedy that and is chunky, thrashy, and groovy without having any big hooks to speak of. Cannibal Corpse and Malevolent Creation clearly served as inspirations but it never gets quite as muscular in its riffing nor as primal in its savagery. Helping in no small part is dyed-in-the-wool veteran Mike Hrubovcak, one of the most expressive frontmen on the American death metal scene.
In the intervening four years since their debut a few things have changed in the Hypoxia camp. The driving force is still drummer Carolina Perez and guitarists Carlos Arboleda and Nadher Tabash with Monstrosity and Divine Rapture frontman Mike Hrubovcak remaining in their respective slots. After the 2015 release of "Despondent Death" bass guitarist Mikaela Åkesson moved back her native Sweden where she now resides with Kolsva-based black metal band Gast. On loan from Monstrosity (at least for the recording sessions) is Michael Poggione. Perhaps it was a bit ambitious to expect Perez' sometime Castrator colleague Robin Mazen (who's busy enough touring around the world with her main band Gruesome, no doubt) to make herself available for the sessions. While Hypoxia stays within well-trodden paths it's evident that everybody greatly enjoys playing the music that they do. What Hypoxia lacks in innovation, it makes up in sheer enthusiasm and gusto for the material. They never pretend to reinvent the wheel but this easily trumps any recent Cannibal Corpse or Deicide record.
What kills "Abhorrent Disease" for the most part is how the album is structured, often to the detriment of the overall pace. 'Dark Desires' is a weak opener that is redeemed only by the fact that it's followed by lead single 'Condemned to the Abyss'. Then it's another two songs or about 8 minutes before the next choice cuts arrive. 'Enslaving Cage', 'The Awakening', 'Despise', and 'Perverse Instinct' are chunky death metal tracks heavy on "The Bleeding" influence as all four are compact, catchy and have a good hook or solo. Had the album opened with a song as 'Despise' or 'Perverse Instinct' its impact would have been significantly greater than it is now. In its current form "Abhorrent Disease" isn't exactly frontloaded with tracks that immediately captivate the listener. To get to the quadruple kill salvo that are tracks 5 to 8 you'll have to wade through a mostly uneventful opening four tracks. There are far too few tracks as 'Enslaving Cage', 'The Awakening', and 'Withered'. 'Failures Of the Festering Flesh' would probably have functioned better as a mid-album breather, which doesn't remove from its atmospheric qualities. We have a sneaking suspicion that "Tomb Of the Mutilated", "The Inexorable", and "Retribution" were in regular rotation or part of the line-up's regular musical diet although "Abhorrent Disease" at no point attains the incendiary level of raging intensity of either.
Where Hypoxia falters most damningly this time around is on the production end. It's an improvement over the last time but we're not quite sure what is rubs us the wrong way. Perhaps they were aiming for that Sunlight sound as pioneered by Tomas Skogsberg and Joe Cincotta wasn't up for the task? The crunchy guitar tone and clanking drum production certainly betray the Stockholm influence. The bass guitar on the other hand is produced like any modern death metal record in that it's airy, rubbery and clean sounding but without much of a body or any weight behind it. It's not that Poggione isn't heard, he most certainly (and thankfully) is, but unlike, say, Demilich, Resumed, or Gorefest, does his bass playing hardly contribute to the overall low-end heaviness. Perez' kickdrums are also strangely bereft of weight, clicking gently away in reckless abandon. It makes you pine for the warm toned organic productions on Embodied Torment's "Liturgy Of Ritual Execution" or Deeds Of Flesh's seminal works "Inbreeding the Anthropophagi" or "Path Of the Weakening". What is great this time around is the artwork. Whereas the artwork for "Despondent Death" look kind of video gamey and thus goofy; "Abhorrent Disease" looks like a horror scene inspired in equal amounts by Deceased's "Surreal Overdose" and Malignancy's "Inhuman Grotesqueries" with Carnivorous Voracity's "The Impious Doctrine" for that extra horror oomph. Andriy Tkalenko from Daemorph Evil Art Dominion outdid himself. If only Hypoxia was produced by somebody like Ron Vento, Zach Ohren, Erik Rutan, Jason Suecof, or Pete Rutcho.
The biggest issue that Hypoxia faces, at least in our humble estimation, is that it's neither here nor there. "Abhorrent Disease" is never as cutthroat and hellish as vintage Angelcorpse or Sadistic Intent, as traditionally influenced as Deceased or "Storm Of the Light's Bane" Dissection, nor as charmingly primitive as long-suffering Brits Benediction or more typically thuggish NYDM institutions as early Pyrexia and Internal Bleeding. It's as if Hypoxia is intentionally holding back for whatever reason. Castrator, Carolina's sometime side-project with Mallika Sundaramurthy from Abnormality, is ten, no, a hundred times more bloodcurdling in its intensity than Hypoxia is here. Either something was lost in translation from the rehearsal space to the recording studio or Hypoxia has lost what little fire was in its belly when "Despondent Death" was received to the sound of crickets in 2015. Either way Hypoxia is in dire need of an adrenaline injection or they need to overhaul their songwriting as these cuts wobble around with no clear direction. Whatever the case, Hypoxia is better than this. "Abhorrent Disease" is a step in the right direction but this won't be remembered as one of the must-hear NYDM records of 2019.
Published on May 23, 2019 June 7, 2019 Author adminCategories Andriy Tkalenko, Carlos Arboleda, Carolina Perez, Daemorph Evil Art Dominion, death metal, Hypoxia, Joe Cincotta, Michael Poggione, Mike Hrubovcak, Music, Nadher Tabash, Selfmadegod Records, thrash metal, United States
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In recording mode, when you open the "extract data wizard", "WINCLICK" commands are added to the macro when clicking on wizard buttons.
I could not re-create this problem. Can you email us a screenshot, please?
- I can not recreate the problem myself when i try now. Its strange coz it happened to me twice before that.
If it happens again i will make a screenshot.


text:
Home News 'The Great Forever' released in UK ahead of Unbreakable tour resuming
'The Great Forever' released in UK ahead of Unbreakable tour resuming
Janet has released "The Great Forever" to radio stations in the UK ahead of the resumption of the Unbreakable World Tour in Birmingham on March 30th.
The song, which has been played several times on BBC Radio 2, is taken from Janet's Unbreakable album.
Janet was forced to postpone her most recent set of US dates to undergo surgery but is set to resume the tour in the UK with a string of dates that includes Birmingham, London, Manchester and Glasgow before continuing across Europe. She will then return to the United States to play her rescheduled dates.
Janet Love will be at both the Birmingham and London shows and will be tweeting throughout the night.
The Great Forever
Previous articleJanet postpones Unbreakable Tour; needs surgery
Next articleJanet posts video from London

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Help keep your workers safe with two informative posters warning of the dangers Ebola may present to the industrial manufacturing sector. The posters provide vital information, including preventive measures, key facts and how to seek medical care. They measure 18 by 24 inches and are laminated for durability.


4. Aspiration; secret prayer. "Earnest desires and breathings after that blessed state."
9. Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the friction of the outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc, when the glottis is wide open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the letter h.
10. A mark to indicate aspiration or its absence. See Rough breathing, Smooth breathing, below. Breathing place. A pause. "That caesura, or breathing place, in the midst of the verse." . A vent. Breathing time, pause; relaxation. Breathing while, time sufficient for drawing breath; a short time. Rough breathing (spiritus asper) . See Asper, Smooth breathing (spiritus lenis), a mark (') indicating the absence of the sound of h, as in 'ienai (ienai).


text:
All the latest news from the Salvation Army
News Centre /
Salvation Army prepares to support flood-affected residents in Doncaster and Sheffield
08 November 2019 You are here:
After torrential rain on Thursday 7 November, The Salvation Army is offering refreshments and is on standby to provide emergency accommodation for people affected by the severe weather.
In Doncaster, The Salvation Army opened a rest centre for people evacuated from their homes after the River Don threatened to burst its banks and potentially flood local houses. A team of church leaders, volunteers and voluntary sector partners are preparing for people to arrive after requests to provide assistance from Doncaster City Council.
Doncaster Salvation Army leader Major Alan Bawden says: "We have been on standby since 7 am this morning and are prepared to support our community if they are evacuated from their homes. Initially, we will be providing hot drinks and snacks. However, we are also working with the council to provide overnight sleeping arrangements at the hall should it be required.
"Our rota of 50 people are prepared and ready to be involved, supporting people who arrive at our church, offering a friendly welcome and a listening ear."
Last night (Thursday 8 November) The Salvation Army's Charter Row Lifehouse in Sheffield city centre provided safe, dry shelter to rough-sleepers as part of the local authority's Severe Weather Emergency Protocol (SWEP) provision that is activated during extreme weather. This vital support can make the difference between life and death for rough sleepers who are already vulnerable to the elements on the streets.
Service manager Andy Parkinson said: "We work throughout the year providing safe accommodation for people experiencing homelessness as well as tailored support to help people address the issues that led to them sleeping rough.
"Life is tough on the streets and people find themselves even more vulnerable when unable to shelter from severe cold, heat, rain or gales. Although some are not yet ready to take up the support services available, this extra provision can make the difference. It also provides another avenue for them to explore the help that is on offer."
Charter Row sheltered three people on Thursday and also has opened its lounge as a sit up service. The Lifehouse is currently on standby ahead of SWEP being potentially activated on Friday evening.
The Salvation Army's Territorial Emergency Response Officer Adrian Clee said:
"The Salvation Army is at the heart of communities and ready to offer support and friendship when people find themselves in a moment of crisis. It can be worrying and stressful having to leave where you feel safe and not knowing when you can return, so our church will be providing space for people to relax, have a warm drink and refreshments and chat to our friendly team of ministers, staff and volunteers during this time.
"The Salvation Army is regularly called upon to provide comfort and safety to people in distress, in addition to our year-round work supporting those who are most vulnerable."
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Chorebus punctum är en stekelart som först beskrevs av Goureau 1851.  Chorebus punctum ingår i släktet Chorebus och familjen bracksteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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text:
Politics & Elections War & Peace
Imagine: On Bravado and Humility, 11 September 2014
PL Thomas,
The Becoming Radical
On the eve of 9/11 2014, President Obama admitted, "Still, we continue to face a terrorist threat," adding:
We cannot erase every trace of evil from the world, and small groups of killers have the capacity to do great harm. That was the case before 9/11, and that remains true today. That's why we must remain vigilant as threats emerge….
Moreover, I have made it clear that we will hunt down terrorists who threaten our country, wherever they are. That means I will not hesitate to take action against ISIL in Syria, as well as Iraq. This is a core principle of my presidency: if you threaten America, you will find no safe haven.
In these words echo the same bravado expressed dozens of times by President George W. Bush in the days and years following the U.S. horror now known simply as 9/11.
Today, 11 September 2014, imagine a world we could have before us if we had then responded with humility instead of bravado.
Imagine a world in which the most powerful country in the world recognized the shared humanity that was rained upon us in the form of commandeered airplanes flown with the express purpose of taking our innocence in the form of casualties targeted merely for being the U.S.
Imagine a world in which the political and military leadership driven by the U.S. public embraced compassion and empathy, swearing never again to be on the wrong side of taking innocent lives in other countries simply because the act isn't on our soil, isn't aimed at our people.
Imagine a world in which the U.S. led not by military might but by honoring the basic humanity and dignity of all people in our actions and rejecting the politics-as-usual of wrapping warmongering in patriotic rhetoric.
Former lead singer of R.E.M., Michael Stipe was in New York city during 9/11. Writing about Douglas Coupland's 9/11 artwork, Stipe confronts the bravado in the face of terrorism:
The Freedom Tower was meant to inspire patriotism and instead embodies the darker sides of nationalism. The 9/11 attacks and the Bush administration's response, buoyed by the media, and our shock at having finally been direct victims of terrorism, paved the way for a whole new take on "We have nothing to fear but fear itself." There was no longer any need to explain or publicly debate militaristic power, or the police state mindset. To do so was to be the opposite of a patriot.
And then Stipe asks:
Is that who we are now? Blind, unquestioning, warlike? Are we that violent, that childish, that silly, that shallow? Are we that afraid of others? Of ourselves? Of the possibility of genuine change? Are we that easily swayed, that capable of defending "American interests", whatever "American interests" means? Are we that racist, that terrified, that protective of an idea that we don't even question what the idea has come to represent?
As we collectively remain committed to our bravado, as the opportunity to embrace humility and compassion fades before us, our only answer to these questions is "Yes."
Because as President Obama emphasized in the end of his speech:
That is the difference we make in the world. And our own safety — our own security — depends upon our willingness to do what it takes to defend this nation, and uphold the values that we stand for — timeless ideals that will endure long after those who offer only hate and destruction have been vanquished from the Earth.
"Our," "our," "our," "we," "we"—the Obama frame is essentially the us v. them narrative offered by Bush, used once again to justify military action as long as it is ours against them.
"Never forget!" Stipe prods, recognizing that a nation and a people can't recall something they never acknowledged in the first place—humility, compassion, human dignity that knows no national, racial, or religious boundaries.
PL Thomas
P.L. Thomas, associate professor of education (Furman University, Greenville South Carolina), taught high school English in rural South Carolina before moving to teacher education. He is a column editor for English Journal (National Council of Teachers of English) and series editor for Critical Literacy Teaching Series: Challenging Authors and Genres (Sense Publishers), in which he authored the first volume – Challenging Genres: Comics and Graphic Novels (2010). His work can be followed at https://wrestlingwithwriting.blogspot.com/ and @plthomasEdD on Twitter.


One popular skin care myth is that skin type is obvious and easy to pinpoint. Unless your skin is excessively dry or oily, however, it may be hard to determine exactly what you're working with. In order to develop an effective skin cleansing regimen, it might help to recruit a dermatologist to determine your true skin type. If that's not financially feasible, you can make your own assessment of your skin.
For starters, keep track of how many times a day you blot your face. If you've got oily skin, the tissue you use to blot your skin will soak up oil at any given time of day. You've got dry skin if you blot and the tissue comes up clean. (Another hint that you've got dry skin is if you never feel the need to blot). Combination skin types tend to sport dry cheeks and foreheads, with the occasional oil buildup around the nose. The few people lucky enough to have normal skin rarely need to blot and never feel as though skin is dry or tight [source:Langston].
Now that you've confirmed your skin type, you're well on your way to designing a skin care routine that will minimize the effects of extra oil.
A good mechanic never replaces a car's transmission without first running a few diagnostic tests. The same practice can help people with oily skin determine if preventable factors are contributing to their problem. One popular skin care myth (probably spread by frustrated mothers) is that certain foods, such as chocolate, french fries and soda, cause oily skin and acne problems. To date, no credible study has been able to lay the blame on these foods as the culprits of oily skin.
But even if experts don't know what kinds of foods to blame, they know plenty about the kind of diet that makes a positive impact on your skin. Two superstar foods you may wish to add to your diet are lemons and kiwifruits, both of which are credited with contributing to clearer skin [source: Cernek and Unterberger]. Because a possible cause of oily skin is a deficiency of the vitamins B5 and B2, try eating more nuts, beans and whole grains, which are packed with these nutrients.
Aside from diet, other oily skin culprits include certain medications and exposure to smoke and excessive heat and humidity [source: Wellsphere]. Identifying the oily skin triggers that affect you will help you beat skin care woes.
So, now you know your skin type and have identified some factors that may be contributing to an oil-slicked complexion. It's time to find cleansing products that suit your skin and budget. Experts recommend purchasing a mild cleanser and moisturizer that are formulated for your skin. It may take a few tries to make a match, but those in the know insist that skin care doesn't have to break the bank.
Contrary to popular skin care myths, mass-produced discount skin cleansing products are actually considered to be as effective as the more expensive brands. This is usually because most of the active ingredients are similar — if not identical — and the difference in price is attributed to packaging, marketing and other extras [source: WebMD]. Dermatologists also recommend using wax- and oil-free cleansing products that won't exacerbate the problem of oily skin. If your skin is both oily and sensitive, you'd be wise to choose fragrance-free products. It's also a good idea to steer clear of scrubbing with any harsh bar soap, which likely contains ingredients that are not ideal for delicate facial skin.
For many, the instinct when washing up is to lather up with hot water to get rid of the day's deposits of dirt and oil. But hot water actually dries out the skin too much, washing away the oil necessary to keep skin supple and soft. While you don't want to cleanse with scalding water, wait for the tap to warm up to a nice, comfortable temperature — cold water doesn't remove oil and dirt from the skin very well, paving the way for future breakouts.
Another skin care myth is that scrubbing is the best way to rid the skin of excess dirt. In fact, harsh scrubbing can have a very negative effect, stripping the skin of necessary oils and causing burns and rashes [source:WebMD]. Dermatologists also advise cleansing the facial area a maximum of two or three times per day. Overwashing causes the skin to become too dry, signaling the oil glands to produce even more oil to compensate. Instead, gently massage a mild cleanser, such as a foaming gel that contains salicylic acid, into the face for 30 seconds or so, then rinse with warm water [sources: Janes, Todorov].
A lot of people think that toner (also known as astringent) is a necessary component of the skin cleansing process. In fact, this extra skin care step is only recommended for people with especially oily skin. The purpose of toner is to lower the skin's pH and eradicate any dirt and oil that regular cleansing didn't catch. For the vast majority of people, however, certain alcohols in toners can dry the skin out too much, which is why only people with severely oily skin should bother with this treatment — and just once a week or so. An alcohol-based astringent with salicylic acid is best for people with oily skin. Nonalcoholic toners are available, although they're not as effective as those containing alcohol [source: Todorov].
One of the perks of having oily skin is that you don't have to worry too much about daily moisturizing. If you've got combination skin, with oil concentrated in your T-zone, you'll want to apply moisturizer to keep the balance between oily and dry. Wax-, lipid- and oil-free moisturizers are recommended for oily and combination skin types.
Many people may only need to apply moisturizer on problem dry spots, rather than the entire face.Moisturizers containing dimethicone or glycerin may yield better results than heavier lotions [source: Janes]. It also pays to streamline your skin care regimen during warm weather months when humidity and heat cause oil production to ramp up. Rather than using a moisturizer and a sunscreen, choose a combination product that protects and moisturizes at the same time [source: Tzeses].
Applying a clay mud mask reduces oil production and removes many impurities. Don't believe the skin care myths claiming that frequent masks are more beneficial, though – one mask a week is all that's recommended to rid the skin of the extra oil, excess dirt and dead skin cells that cause breakouts and over-production of oil. Clay masks are gentler on the skin than products containing chemicals because they have more natural properties. In addition to cleansing the skin more deeply than a daily wash, clay masks also help diminish the appearance of large pores (sadly, they don't actually shrink your pores) that are so common in people with oily skin [source: Todorov].
Although a day at the spa may do the trick as far as relaxation goes, it usually falls flat when it comes to resolving skin care woes. Many people flock to day spas to rid their skin of impurities through treatments like facials and microdermabrasion. Although skin may be temporarily softer and the spa-goer may feel more relaxed afterward, the benefits of these treatments end there. Many people buy into the skin care myth that these cleansing treatments penetrate the skin deeply, when in reality, they only clean off the top layer of skin and even result in breakouts for a whopping 80 percent of people [source: WebMD].
Although pricey spa facials and more expensive treatments may be wholly unnecessary, people with oily skin can benefit from a weekly deep-clean to get rid of the dead skin cells that clog pores. A skin cleansing ritual that incorporates simple, inexpensive, at-home exfoliating washes are all that's necessary to clean out the excess gunk and pave the way to healthier, better-balanced skin. Exfoliating washes containing oatmeal have especially soothing effects, although even mild scrubs and microbead cleansers should only be used once a week at most. People who suffer from acne may choose to skip this step altogether because exfoliating, even when done gently, often further irritates breakouts.
Even the most diligent skin cleansing routine can fall short of the goal of healthy, balanced skin. A range of topical creams formulated to reduce oily skin is available for use once the standard skin care measures have failed. Retinoid creams, vitamin A creams and sulfur creams are a few of the over-the-counter options for people with excessively oily skin. If these alternatives do little to bring skin into balance, a trip to the dermatologist is probably the next logical step. Dermatologists are specially trained to identify problem areas and prescribe stronger skin care and cleansing measures than are available in stores.


Greenways are about connections: they connect people and wildlife to places, to nature, and to each other. In a time where urban open space is a rarity, new recreational opportunities may only exist in linear patterns- along utility easements, roadways and other transportation corridors and waterfronts.
These paths make it possible to connect people to parks, but also make connections in grander ways. They create more recreational opportunities for residents and visitors; provide an alternative means of transportation; protect natural resources; increase property values; and encourage tourism and business development.
There are several elements of a proper bicycle network including bicycle lanes, bicycle boulevards, shared-streets and off-street paths or trails. It's fairly common to find off-street paths or trails on greenways. Bicycle mode share is not likely to increase without a sufficient network in place.
Providing various options for cyclists is important for different types of cyclists and their needs. With a proper network of facilities that includes greenways and trails, it is not unusual to transition from suburb to city from an unpaved trail to asphalt trail to a bike lane to shared street. All of these segments are part of the same network of facilities and traverse a number of landscapes.
Water Trails add a distinct element to a Greenways system: they add visual interest to a corridor and provide opportunities for canoeing, kayaking, fishing, and in some cases swimming. A Water Trail can be any linear body of water such as a river or stream, but the most prevalent forms in South Florida are canals and levees.
The Miami Dade Greenways, Trails and Water Trails Vision is for an interconnected system that provides transportation alternatives and reduces traffic congestion; creates new recreational opportunities; increases property values; protects natural resources; and encourages tourism and business development. These paths strengthen connections across the County, from Broward to Monroe Counties, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Everglades.
The Vision builds upon the corridors described by the North Dade Greenways Master Plan and South Dade Greenway Network Master Plan, and goes farther in linking these green fingers into a holistic, seamless system. Its corridors weave through new parks, tie into bike lanes, and act as verdant channels that draw people into natural resource areas. Water Trails that have already been identified by previous plans are incorporated into the Vision, but greatly expanded upon: all major canals and waterways are accessible for recreation and strengthen physical and visual connections between the east and west edges of the County. Canals and levees managed by the South Florida Water Management District are converted into greenways and trails corridors, and provide an opportunity for public education on Everglades Restoration.
This map illustrates interconnected network of greenways, trails and water trails throughout the County.
The Snake Creek Canal is a South Florida Water Management District waterway that winds it way into the City of North Miami Beach. As part of the City's new Urban Design Plan, the Canal will become a public waterfront near the densest commercial area. As one travels west and the land use becomes more residential, the treatment of the area around the Canal decreases in intensity and provides a place for community recreation.
The new Biscayne-Everglades Greenway is comprised of 43 miles of greenways and multi-purpose paths. It is the only trail in the United States that connects two National Parks. What makes it particularly unique, however, is that the trail travels through the community, creating opportunities for tourism and greater visitation to the parks.
In 2005, World leaders through the United Nations, adopted three pillars of sustainable development in the Johannesburg Declaration. This declaration created "a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development; economic development, social development and environment protection at local, national, regional and global levels."
Community goals and guiding principles follow the three pillar framework, providing for; social, environmental and economic change that will make for a more livable and sustainable community for all.
Residents of many cities and counties around the country have experienced benefits associated with greenways, trails and linear park spaces. From Pinellas County, Florida to Portland, Oregon, the benefits of trails and open spaces on social, environmental and economic conditions for all residents can be profound.
Development of trails and linear parks throughout the County offer extensive opportunities to bring significant positive change to communities. Many benefits associated with trails and linear parks are interconnected and lead to positive changes throughout the community.
Enhanced accessibility to schools, parks, transit stations and bus stops for 5,000 people.
Reduction in direct medical costs for residents by as much as $365,000 annually.
Increased property values by as much as $45 million within 25 years, leading to nearly $1 million in additional property tax revenues.
Increased retail sales of as much as $1.3 million for area businesses.
Additional state and local retail sales tax revenue of approximately $90,000 annually.
The creation of approximately 11 new retail jobs.
"Greenways and trails offer a new way of looking at how a community's cultural, historic, recreational and conservation needs fit into an overall picture that also includes economic growth. With their emphasis on connections, greenways and trails allow communities leaders to consider how existing parks and open spaces can become part of a network of green that supports wildlife, pleases people, and attracts tourists and clean industry."
Destination Accessibility - Increase in accessibility to schools and parks.
Health and Wellness - Measurement of increased physical activity expressed in calories burned and community-wide savings in direct medical costs.
Social sustainability is related to the long-term social health of a community particularly in terms of equality, connectivity, and improvements to daily quality of life for residents. Although the development of a trail will promote healthy lifestyles, improve public safety, enhance educational opportunities, improve accessibility and help preserve an area's history and culture as shown in the previous section, not all of these benefits can be quantified. The two that can be most readily measured are improvements in accessibility and healthy lifestyles.
Vehicle Trip Reduction - The reduction of vehicles trips leads to a reduction in vehicle miles driven and lowers fuel consumption.
Vehicle Emissions - The ability to use a trail instead of driving short trips leads to a reduction in vehicle emissions.
Tree Canopy - The planting of trail corridors or linear parks with new canopy trees leads to better pollution control and fresh oxygen generation.
Carbon Sequestration - New vegetation in formerly non-vegetated corridors allows for carbon sequestration.
Most trails are located in highly urbanized or disturbed areas such as along canals, former railroad corridors or utility corridors. Environmental benefits can be limited and full restoration of historical ecological communities may not be appropriate given the level of disturbance within some corridors. In addition, limitations of surrounding developments may inhibit needs of certain ecological communities such as conducting prescribed burns within Pine Rockland communities.
Impacts to Property Values - The stabilization or increase in private property values near a trail corridor.
Tax Revenue - Increase in property tax and sales tax revenues due to the presence of a trail.
Job Creation - The development of new retail sales, space and jobs as a direct impact from trail users.
Economic sustainability is the successful positioning of a community for sustainable, long-term economic vitality that enhances the quality of life for residents while strengthening the business environment. Trails are an important element in achieving this goal by helping to stabilize or increase property values and creating or retaining retail sales and employment. Trails can also be the catalyst for redevelopment or development of vacant and underutilized property near trail corridors. Economic improvements can be the driving force to help positive change be realized and through the development of trails, thousands of area residents' lives can be impacted.
The development of the 6.2 mile Ludlam Trail in central Miami-Dade County will have a monumental impact on the social aspects of daily life for thousands of area residents. By offering a safe route of travel, Ludlam Trail will provide over 30,550 people with access to schools, parks, transit and other destinations. This represents a 38 percent increase in accessibility for area residents.
Additional quantifiable social benefits the Miami-Dade County community may experience from the development of Ludlam Trail center on health and wellness. As many as 6,500 people will become new exercisers of various levels leading to as much as $2.25 million in direct medical cost savings by the community. These direct medical savings are realized by the new exercisers burning as many as 7.4 million (kilo) calories each week, leading to residents losing or keeping off over 100,000 pounds of weight annually.
Improvements to mobility and connectivity throughout a community due to the development of the Ludlam Trail will lead to a reduction of approximately 860,000 motorized vehicle trips annually, lead to an average reduction of miles driven by area residents of 860,000 each year. This benefit saves the community over 36,000 gallons of fuel, or the equivalent of four tanker truck of fuel each year, leading to a savings of over $100,000 a year in fuel costs.
In addition to fuel savings, fewer miles driven means less vehicle emissions. Each year over 390 tons of carbon dioxide will be reduced annually, leading to a reduction of nearly 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide over twenty-five years.
New canopy trees and vegetation within the corridor lead to astonishing pollution control savings for the entire community. Over a fifty year life span of a typical urban tree, over $170 million in pollution control will be realized by the community through erosion control, recycled water and oxygen generation. Carbon sequestration of nearly 10,000 tons by new canopy trees and vegetation within fifty years is in addition to the reduction seen from fewer vehicle miles driven.
Ludlam Trail has the great potential of providing the central Miami-Dade County economy with over $540 million in economic impacts over a twenty-five period. Based on comparable research from across the country, private property owners within one half mile of the trail's corridor can expect to experience a premium of between three and seven percent for property values over a twenty-five year period. This translates into as much as $282 million in added real-estate value for homeowners and businesses.
The additional property values add to local tax revenues by nearly $5.75 million and are just one way residents and the community can enjoy added benefits of trails. With a projected 860,000 users, Ludlam Trail will create trail related retail sales of as much as $8 million annually. These retail sales, will generate between $223,000 and $560,000 annually in state and local sales taxes and will help support as much as 26,500 square feet of new retail space and 68 new retail jobs.
Facing the same issues as other large urban areas, Miami-Dade County has developed a new 50 year unifying vision for a livable, sustainable community, anchored by the Miami-Dade County Parks and Open Space System Master Plan. This new vision creates a long-term guide to future park and trail development and stewardship. Most pertinent to this study is the component Great Greenways, Trails and Water trails of the Open Space System Master Plan. This component seeks to provide an interconnected trail system which offers transportation alternatives and reduces traffic congestion, creates new recreation opportunities, increases property values, protects natural resources, and encourages tourism and business development.
The purpose of the Miami-Dade County Trail Design Guidelines and Standards: Ludlam Trail Case Study is to provide specific guidance for the design and development of the Ludlam Trail and provide general guidelines for non-motorized urban shared-use trails and paths throughout Miami-Dade County by building upon the Miami-Dade County Parks and Open Space System Master Plan Great Greenways, Trails and Water Trails Vision. These guidelines and standards were developed to work in concert with other regional and corridor specific studies and planning efforts. In addition, these guidelines and standards intend to inform decision markers on future designs of non-motorized urban shared-use trails and paths within Miami-Dade County.
The needs of a wide array of users have been researched and consolidated into a set of recommendations and standards for Ludlam Trail and non-motorized urban shared-use trails and paths throughout Miami-Dade County.
In an effort to build upon the work of previous planning studies and to ensure the coordination with other official documents that could influence the development of the Miami-Dade County Trail Design Guidelines and Standards, multiple sources of information were researched. The documents reviewed can be classified into five broad categories; governing codes and ordinances, guiding documents, regional transportation studies, corridor specific studies and design guidelines.
Shared-use paths contain many design elements which can help enhance a trail user's experience and the number of visitors. Eight study areas were identified along the Ludlam Trail corridor based on a number of opportunities and desire for representative areas which demonstrate unique, yet common issues designers will face while planning the trail.
Each study area was observed in detail, researched and analyzed for best practices principles, lessons learned and recommendations. A detailed plan, section and illustrative perspective were prepared for each of the eight study areas to provide decision maker with information for design guidelines for Ludlam Trail and trails throughout Miami-Dade County.
For more information, please call Mark Heinicke at 305-755-7811 or email mheinic2@miamidade.gov.
Typical above-grade crossing of an arterial road.
Neighborhood and street sidewalk network connections.
Utilization of full corridor width for trail user amenities.
Visually pleasing retaining wall system.
Opportunity to incorporate public artwork.
Connection to a municipal park.
Forms western gateway to city of Miami.
Preservation of active freight rail corridor.
Non-residential zoning along trail corridor.
Forms western gateway to the city of Miami.
Similar conditions at Southwest 8th Street (Tamiami Trail).
Typical at-grade crossing of a local street.
Wide trail crosswalk zone for user comfort.
Incorporation of bike lanes on a local street.
Pedestrian crosswalk flashing warning lights.
Quick response push button pedestrian crosswalk actuators.
Similar conditions as Southwest 4th Street, Southwest 12th Street, Southwest 16th Street, Southwest 21st Street, Southwest 22nd Street, North Waterway Drive, Southwest 60th Street, and Southwest 64th Street.
Typical at-grade crossing of a collector or minor arterial street.
Angled refuge island for maximum pedestrian visibility.
Incorporation of bike lanes on collector street.
Traffic signals for user activated push button.
Embedded pedestrian crosswalk warning lights.
Similar conditions at Southwest 56 Street (Miller Drive) and Southwest 72nd Street (Sunset Drive).
Typical existing bridge converted to trail use.
Group shelter with picnic tables.
Decision-making area with distinctive landscape and signage.
Similar conditions at city of Miami Robert King High Park.
Typical below-grade crossing of an arterial road.
Limited visual impact on surrounding community.
Wide vertical viewshed from trail for an open feel.
Sky-light within median for maximum natural light.
Aesthetically pleasing retaining wall system.
Neighborhood, street and school sidewalk network connections.
A safe school bus lane with sidewalk.
Potential connection opportunities to private residential development.
Group shelter with site furnishings.
Neighborhood meeting location and possible pavilion rental.
Income opportunity for operation of trail.
Opportunity to patrol trail corridor from vehicle turn-around.
Similar conditions at Southwest 6th Street, Southwest 19th Street, Southwest 23rd Street, South Waterway Drive, Southwest 44th Street, Southwest 48th Street, Southwest 62nd Street, Southwest 66th Street, Southwest 68th Street, Southwest 74nd Street, Southwest 76th Street, and Southwest 78th Street.
Neighborhood meeting location and possible rental income for operation of trail.
Transit connection via Dadeland North Metrorail Station.
Opportunity for bike-hub within station parking garage.
Similar conditions at Southwest 80th Street and Southwest 81st Street.
Trailheads are integral parts of any trail system. Providing a visitor center, existing parking, restroom facilities, drop-off, shaded seating, and bike racks, the A.D. Barnes Park trailhead serves both the park and trail with amenities, maximizing benefits. With one centrally-located trailhead, Ludlam Trail will rely on strong connections to municipal and county parks for amenities and parking.
Pedestrian railroad crossings require extensive safety precautions to limit trail user access to active rail lines. A minimum 20-foot dynamic envelope should be planned for maintenance access to the rail line. By planning a deflection in the crossing, trail users must slow down and observe proper times to cross the railroad. Neighborhood connections should be planned to encourage controlled pedestrian use of the corridor and maintain strict limited access to the active railroad.